path: root/synapse/federation/transport/server/_base.py

#  Copyright 2021 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
#
#  Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
#  you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
#  You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
#  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
#  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
#  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
#  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
#  limitations under the License.

import functools
import logging
import re
from typing import Any, Awaitable, Callable, Optional, Tuple, cast

from synapse.api.errors import Codes, FederationDeniedError, SynapseError
from synapse.api.urls import FEDERATION_V1_PREFIX
from synapse.http.server import HttpServer, ServletCallback
from synapse.http.servlet import parse_json_object_from_request
from synapse.http.site import SynapseRequest
from synapse.logging.context import run_in_background
from synapse.logging.opentracing import (
    set_tag,
    span_context_from_request,
    start_active_span_follows_from,
    whitelisted_homeserver,
)
from synapse.server import HomeServer
from synapse.types import JsonDict
from synapse.util.ratelimitutils import FederationRateLimiter
from synapse.util.stringutils import parse_and_validate_server_name

logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)


class AuthenticationError(SynapseError):
    """There was a problem authenticating the request"""


class NoAuthenticationError(AuthenticationError):
    """The request had no authentication information"""


class Authenticator:
    def __init__(self, hs: HomeServer):
        self._clock = hs.get_clock()
        self.keyring = hs.get_keyring()
        self.server_name = hs.hostname
        self.store = hs.get_datastore()
        self.federation_domain_whitelist = (
            hs.config.federation.federation_domain_whitelist
        )
        self.notifier = hs.get_notifier()

        self.replication_client = None
        if hs.config.worker.worker_app:
            self.replication_client = hs.get_tcp_replication()

    # A method just so we can pass 'self' as the authenticator to the Servlets
    async def authenticate_request(
        self, request: SynapseRequest, content: Optional[JsonDict]
    ) -> str:
        now = self._clock.time_msec()
        json_request: JsonDict = {
            "method": request.method.decode("ascii"),
            "uri": request.uri.decode("ascii"),
            "destination": self.server_name,
            "signatures": {},
        }

        if content is not None:
            json_request["content"] = content

        origin = None

        auth_headers = request.requestHeaders.getRawHeaders(b"Authorization")

        if not auth_headers:
            raise NoAuthenticationError(
                401, "Missing Authorization headers", Codes.UNAUTHORIZED
            )

        for auth in auth_headers:
            if auth.startswith(b"X-Matrix"):
                (origin, key, sig) = _parse_auth_header(auth)
                json_request["origin"] = origin
                json_request["signatures"].setdefault(origin, {})[key] = sig

        if (
            self.federation_domain_whitelist is not None
            and origin not in self.federation_domain_whitelist
        ):
            raise FederationDeniedError(origin)

        if origin is None or not json_request["signatures"]:
            raise NoAuthenticationError(
                401, "Missing Authorization headers", Codes.UNAUTHORIZED
            )

        await self.keyring.verify_json_for_server(
            origin,
            json_request,
            now,
        )

        logger.debug("Request from %s", origin)
        request.requester = origin

        # If we get a valid signed request from the other side, its probably
        # alive
        retry_timings = await self.store.get_destination_retry_timings(origin)
        if retry_timings and retry_timings.retry_last_ts:
            run_in_background(self._reset_retry_timings, origin)

        return origin

    async def _reset_retry_timings(self, origin: str) -> None:
        try:
            logger.info("Marking origin %r as up", origin)
            await self.store.set_destination_retry_timings(origin, None, 0, 0)

            # Inform the relevant places that the remote server is back up.
            self.notifier.notify_remote_server_up(origin)
            if self.replication_client:
                # If we're on a worker we try and inform master about this. The
                # replication client doesn't hook into the notifier to avoid
                # infinite loops where we send a `REMOTE_SERVER_UP` command to
                # master, which then echoes it back to us which in turn pokes
                # the notifier.
                self.replication_client.send_remote_server_up(origin)

        except Exception:
            logger.exception("Error resetting retry timings on %s", origin)


def _parse_auth_header(header_bytes: bytes) -> Tuple[str, str, str]:
    """Parse an X-Matrix auth header

    Args:
        header_bytes: header value

    Returns:
        origin, key id, signature.

    Raises:
        AuthenticationError if the header could not be parsed
    """
    try:
        header_str = header_bytes.decode("utf-8")
        params = header_str.split(" ")[1].split(",")
        param_dict = {k: v for k, v in (kv.split("=", maxsplit=1) for kv in params)}

        def strip_quotes(value: str) -> str:
            if value.startswith('"'):
                return value[1:-1]
            else:
                return value

        origin = strip_quotes(param_dict["origin"])

        # ensure that the origin is a valid server name
        parse_and_validate_server_name(origin)

        key = strip_quotes(param_dict["key"])
        sig = strip_quotes(param_dict["sig"])
        return origin, key, sig
    except Exception as e:
        logger.warning(
            "Error parsing auth header '%s': %s",
            header_bytes.decode("ascii", "replace"),
            e,
        )
        raise AuthenticationError(
            400, "Malformed Authorization header", Codes.UNAUTHORIZED
        )


class BaseFederationServlet:
    """Abstract base class for federation servlet classes.

    The servlet object should have a PATH attribute which takes the form of a regexp to
    match against the request path (excluding the /federation/v1 prefix).

    The servlet should also implement one or more of on_GET, on_POST, on_PUT, to match
    the appropriate HTTP method. These methods must be *asynchronous* and have the
    signature:

        on_<METHOD>(self, origin, content, query, **kwargs)

        With arguments:

            origin (unicode|None): The authenticated server_name of the calling server,
                unless REQUIRE_AUTH is set to False and authentication failed.

            content (unicode|None): decoded json body of the request. None if the
                request was a GET.

            query (dict[bytes, list[bytes]]): Query params from the request. url-decoded
                (ie, '+' and '%xx' are decoded) but note that it is *not* utf8-decoded
                yet.

            **kwargs (dict[unicode, unicode]): the dict mapping keys to path
                components as specified in the path match regexp.

        Returns:
            Optional[Tuple[int, object]]: either (response code, response object) to
                 return a JSON response, or None if the request has already been handled.

        Raises:
            SynapseError: to return an error code

            Exception: other exceptions will be caught, logged, and a 500 will be
                returned.
    """

    PATH = ""  # Overridden in subclasses, the regex to match against the path.

    REQUIRE_AUTH = True

    PREFIX = FEDERATION_V1_PREFIX  # Allows specifying the API version

    RATELIMIT = True  # Whether to rate limit requests or not

    def __init__(
        self,
        hs: HomeServer,
        authenticator: Authenticator,
        ratelimiter: FederationRateLimiter,
        server_name: str,
    ):
        self.hs = hs
        self.authenticator = authenticator
        self.ratelimiter = ratelimiter
        self.server_name = server_name

    def _wrap(self, func: Callable[..., Awaitable[Tuple[int, Any]]]) -> ServletCallback:
        authenticator = self.authenticator
        ratelimiter = self.ratelimiter

        @functools.wraps(func)
        async def new_func(
            request: SynapseRequest, *args: Any, **kwargs: str
        ) -> Optional[Tuple[int, Any]]:
            """A callback which can be passed to HttpServer.RegisterPaths

            Args:
                request:
                *args: unused?
                **kwargs: the dict mapping keys to path components as specified
                    in the path match regexp.

            Returns:
                (response code, response object) as returned by the callback method.
                None if the request has already been handled.
            """
            content = None
            if request.method in [b"PUT", b"POST"]:
                # TODO: Handle other method types? other content types?
                content = parse_json_object_from_request(request)

            try:
                origin: Optional[str] = await authenticator.authenticate_request(
                    request, content
                )
            except NoAuthenticationError:
                origin = None
                if self.REQUIRE_AUTH:
                    logger.warning(
                        "authenticate_request failed: missing authentication"
                    )
                    raise
            except Exception as e:
                logger.warning("authenticate_request failed: %s", e)
                raise

            # update the active opentracing span with the authenticated entity
            set_tag("authenticated_entity", origin)

            # if the origin is authenticated and whitelisted, link to its span context
            context = None
            if origin and whitelisted_homeserver(origin):
                context = span_context_from_request(request)

            scope = start_active_span_follows_from(
                "incoming-federation-request", contexts=(context,) if context else ()
            )

            with scope:
                if origin and self.RATELIMIT:
                    with ratelimiter.ratelimit(origin) as d:
                        await d
                        if request._disconnected:
                            logger.warning(
                                "client disconnected before we started processing "
                                "request"
                            )
                            return None
                        response = await func(
                            origin, content, request.args, *args, **kwargs
                        )
                else:
                    response = await func(
                        origin, content, request.args, *args, **kwargs
                    )

            return response

        return cast(ServletCallback, new_func)

    def register(self, server: HttpServer) -> None:
        pattern = re.compile("^" + self.PREFIX + self.PATH + "$")

        for method in ("GET", "PUT", "POST"):
            code = getattr(self, "on_%s" % (method), None)
            if code is None:
                continue

            server.register_paths(
                method,
                (pattern,),
                self._wrap(code),
                self.__class__.__name__,
            )