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+<!DOCTYPE HTML>
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+
+                        <h1 id="using-a-reverse-proxy-with-synapse"><a class="header" href="#using-a-reverse-proxy-with-synapse">Using a reverse proxy with Synapse</a></h1>
+<p>It is recommended to put a reverse proxy such as
+<a href="https://nginx.org/en/docs/http/ngx_http_proxy_module.html">nginx</a>,
+<a href="https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/mod_proxy_http.html">Apache</a>,
+<a href="https://caddyserver.com/docs/quick-starts/reverse-proxy">Caddy</a>,
+<a href="https://www.haproxy.org/">HAProxy</a> or
+<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/relayd.8">relayd</a> in front of Synapse. One advantage
+of doing so is that it means that you can expose the default https port
+(443) to Matrix clients without needing to run Synapse with root
+privileges.</p>
+<p>You should configure your reverse proxy to forward requests to <code>/_matrix</code> or
+<code>/_synapse/client</code> to Synapse, and have it set the <code>X-Forwarded-For</code> and
+<code>X-Forwarded-Proto</code> request headers.</p>
+<p>You should remember that Matrix clients and other Matrix servers do not
+necessarily need to connect to your server via the same server name or
+port. Indeed, clients will use port 443 by default, whereas servers default to
+port 8448. Where these are different, we refer to the 'client port' and the
+'federation port'. See <a href="https://matrix.org/docs/spec/server_server/latest#resolving-server-names">the Matrix
+specification</a>
+for more details of the algorithm used for federation connections, and
+<a href="delegate.html">Delegation</a> for instructions on setting up delegation.</p>
+<p><strong>NOTE</strong>: Your reverse proxy must not <code>canonicalise</code> or <code>normalise</code>
+the requested URI in any way (for example, by decoding <code>%xx</code> escapes).
+Beware that Apache <em>will</em> canonicalise URIs unless you specify
+<code>nocanon</code>.</p>
+<p>Let's assume that we expect clients to connect to our server at
+<code>https://matrix.example.com</code>, and other servers to connect at
+<code>https://example.com:8448</code>.  The following sections detail the configuration of
+the reverse proxy and the homeserver.</p>
+<h2 id="homeserver-configuration"><a class="header" href="#homeserver-configuration">Homeserver Configuration</a></h2>
+<p>The HTTP configuration will need to be updated for Synapse to correctly record 
+client IP addresses and generate redirect URLs while behind a reverse proxy. </p>
+<p>In <code>homeserver.yaml</code> set <code>x_forwarded: true</code> in the port 8008 section and 
+consider setting <code>bind_addresses: ['127.0.0.1']</code> so that the server only
+listens to traffic on localhost. (Do not change <code>bind_addresses</code> to <code>127.0.0.1</code> 
+when using a containerized Synapse, as that will prevent it from responding
+to proxied traffic.)</p>
+<p>Optionally, you can also set
+<a href="./usage/configuration/config_documentation.html#listeners"><code>request_id_header</code></a>
+so that the server extracts and re-uses the same request ID format that the
+reverse proxy is using.</p>
+<h2 id="reverse-proxy-configuration-examples"><a class="header" href="#reverse-proxy-configuration-examples">Reverse-proxy configuration examples</a></h2>
+<p><strong>NOTE</strong>: You only need one of these.</p>
+<h3 id="nginx"><a class="header" href="#nginx">nginx</a></h3>
+<pre><code class="language-nginx">server {
+    listen 443 ssl http2;
+    listen [::]:443 ssl http2;
+
+    # For the federation port
+    listen 8448 ssl http2 default_server;
+    listen [::]:8448 ssl http2 default_server;
+
+    server_name matrix.example.com;
+
+    location ~ ^(/_matrix|/_synapse/client) {
+        # note: do not add a path (even a single /) after the port in `proxy_pass`,
+        # otherwise nginx will canonicalise the URI and cause signature verification
+        # errors.
+        proxy_pass http://localhost:8008;
+        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $remote_addr;
+        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
+        proxy_set_header Host $host;
+
+        # Nginx by default only allows file uploads up to 1M in size
+        # Increase client_max_body_size to match max_upload_size defined in homeserver.yaml
+        client_max_body_size 50M;
+	
+	# Synapse responses may be chunked, which is an HTTP/1.1 feature.
+	proxy_http_version 1.1;
+    }
+}
+</code></pre>
+<h3 id="caddy-v2"><a class="header" href="#caddy-v2">Caddy v2</a></h3>
+<pre><code>matrix.example.com {
+  reverse_proxy /_matrix/* localhost:8008
+  reverse_proxy /_synapse/client/* localhost:8008
+}
+
+example.com:8448 {
+  reverse_proxy /_matrix/* localhost:8008
+}
+</code></pre>
+<p><a href="delegate.html">Delegation</a> example:</p>
+<pre><code>example.com {
+	header /.well-known/matrix/* Content-Type application/json
+	header /.well-known/matrix/* Access-Control-Allow-Origin *
+	respond /.well-known/matrix/server `{&quot;m.server&quot;: &quot;matrix.example.com:443&quot;}`
+	respond /.well-known/matrix/client `{&quot;m.homeserver&quot;:{&quot;base_url&quot;:&quot;https://matrix.example.com&quot;},&quot;m.identity_server&quot;:{&quot;base_url&quot;:&quot;https://identity.example.com&quot;}}`
+}
+
+matrix.example.com {
+    reverse_proxy /_matrix/* localhost:8008
+    reverse_proxy /_synapse/client/* localhost:8008
+}
+</code></pre>
+<h3 id="apache"><a class="header" href="#apache">Apache</a></h3>
+<pre><code class="language-apache">&lt;VirtualHost *:443&gt;
+    SSLEngine on
+    ServerName matrix.example.com
+
+    RequestHeader set &quot;X-Forwarded-Proto&quot; expr=%{REQUEST_SCHEME}
+    AllowEncodedSlashes NoDecode
+    ProxyPreserveHost on
+    ProxyPass /_matrix http://127.0.0.1:8008/_matrix nocanon
+    ProxyPassReverse /_matrix http://127.0.0.1:8008/_matrix
+    ProxyPass /_synapse/client http://127.0.0.1:8008/_synapse/client nocanon
+    ProxyPassReverse /_synapse/client http://127.0.0.1:8008/_synapse/client
+&lt;/VirtualHost&gt;
+
+&lt;VirtualHost *:8448&gt;
+    SSLEngine on
+    ServerName example.com
+
+    RequestHeader set &quot;X-Forwarded-Proto&quot; expr=%{REQUEST_SCHEME}
+    AllowEncodedSlashes NoDecode
+    ProxyPass /_matrix http://127.0.0.1:8008/_matrix nocanon
+    ProxyPassReverse /_matrix http://127.0.0.1:8008/_matrix
+&lt;/VirtualHost&gt;
+</code></pre>
+<p><strong>NOTE</strong>: ensure the  <code>nocanon</code> options are included.</p>
+<p><strong>NOTE 2</strong>: It appears that Synapse is currently incompatible with the ModSecurity module for Apache (<code>mod_security2</code>). If you need it enabled for other services on your web server, you can disable it for Synapse's two VirtualHosts by including the following lines before each of the two <code>&lt;/VirtualHost&gt;</code> above:</p>
+<pre><code class="language-apache">&lt;IfModule security2_module&gt;
+    SecRuleEngine off
+&lt;/IfModule&gt;
+</code></pre>
+<p><strong>NOTE 3</strong>: Missing <code>ProxyPreserveHost on</code> can lead to a redirect loop.</p>
+<h3 id="haproxy"><a class="header" href="#haproxy">HAProxy</a></h3>
+<pre><code>frontend https
+  bind *:443,[::]:443 ssl crt /etc/ssl/haproxy/ strict-sni alpn h2,http/1.1
+  http-request set-header X-Forwarded-Proto https if { ssl_fc }
+  http-request set-header X-Forwarded-Proto http if !{ ssl_fc }
+  http-request set-header X-Forwarded-For %[src]
+
+  # Matrix client traffic
+  acl matrix-host hdr(host) -i matrix.example.com matrix.example.com:443
+  acl matrix-path path_beg /_matrix
+  acl matrix-path path_beg /_synapse/client
+
+  use_backend matrix if matrix-host matrix-path
+
+frontend matrix-federation
+  bind *:8448,[::]:8448 ssl crt /etc/ssl/haproxy/synapse.pem alpn h2,http/1.1
+  http-request set-header X-Forwarded-Proto https if { ssl_fc }
+  http-request set-header X-Forwarded-Proto http if !{ ssl_fc }
+  http-request set-header X-Forwarded-For %[src]
+
+  default_backend matrix
+
+backend matrix
+  server matrix 127.0.0.1:8008
+</code></pre>
+<p><a href="delegate.html">Delegation</a> example:</p>
+<pre><code>frontend https
+  acl matrix-well-known-client-path path /.well-known/matrix/client
+  acl matrix-well-known-server-path path /.well-known/matrix/server
+  use_backend matrix-well-known-client if matrix-well-known-client-path
+  use_backend matrix-well-known-server if matrix-well-known-server-path
+ 
+backend matrix-well-known-client
+  http-after-response set-header Access-Control-Allow-Origin &quot;*&quot;
+  http-after-response set-header Access-Control-Allow-Methods &quot;GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, OPTIONS&quot;
+  http-after-response set-header Access-Control-Allow-Headers &quot;Origin, X-Requested-With, Content-Type, Accept, Authorization&quot;
+  http-request return status 200 content-type application/json string '{&quot;m.homeserver&quot;:{&quot;base_url&quot;:&quot;https://matrix.example.com&quot;},&quot;m.identity_server&quot;:{&quot;base_url&quot;:&quot;https://identity.example.com&quot;}}'
+
+backend matrix-well-known-server
+  http-after-response set-header Access-Control-Allow-Origin &quot;*&quot;
+  http-after-response set-header Access-Control-Allow-Methods &quot;GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, OPTIONS&quot;
+  http-after-response set-header Access-Control-Allow-Headers &quot;Origin, X-Requested-With, Content-Type, Accept, Authorization&quot;
+  http-request return status 200 content-type application/json string '{&quot;m.server&quot;:&quot;matrix.example.com:443&quot;}'
+</code></pre>
+<h3 id="relayd"><a class="header" href="#relayd">Relayd</a></h3>
+<pre><code>table &lt;webserver&gt;    { 127.0.0.1 }
+table &lt;matrixserver&gt; { 127.0.0.1 }
+
+http protocol &quot;https&quot; {
+    tls { no tlsv1.0, ciphers &quot;HIGH&quot; }
+    tls keypair &quot;example.com&quot;
+    match header set &quot;X-Forwarded-For&quot;   value &quot;$REMOTE_ADDR&quot;
+    match header set &quot;X-Forwarded-Proto&quot; value &quot;https&quot;
+
+    # set CORS header for .well-known/matrix/server, .well-known/matrix/client
+    # httpd does not support setting headers, so do it here
+    match request path &quot;/.well-known/matrix/*&quot; tag &quot;matrix-cors&quot;
+    match response tagged &quot;matrix-cors&quot; header set &quot;Access-Control-Allow-Origin&quot; value &quot;*&quot;
+
+    pass quick path &quot;/_matrix/*&quot;         forward to &lt;matrixserver&gt;
+    pass quick path &quot;/_synapse/client/*&quot; forward to &lt;matrixserver&gt;
+
+    # pass on non-matrix traffic to webserver
+    pass                                 forward to &lt;webserver&gt;
+}
+
+relay &quot;https_traffic&quot; {
+    listen on egress port 443 tls
+    protocol &quot;https&quot;
+    forward to &lt;matrixserver&gt; port 8008 check tcp
+    forward to &lt;webserver&gt;    port 8080 check tcp
+}
+
+http protocol &quot;matrix&quot; {
+    tls { no tlsv1.0, ciphers &quot;HIGH&quot; }
+    tls keypair &quot;example.com&quot;
+    block
+    pass quick path &quot;/_matrix/*&quot;         forward to &lt;matrixserver&gt;
+    pass quick path &quot;/_synapse/client/*&quot; forward to &lt;matrixserver&gt;
+}
+
+relay &quot;matrix_federation&quot; {
+    listen on egress port 8448 tls
+    protocol &quot;matrix&quot;
+    forward to &lt;matrixserver&gt; port 8008 check tcp
+}
+</code></pre>
+<h2 id="health-check-endpoint"><a class="header" href="#health-check-endpoint">Health check endpoint</a></h2>
+<p>Synapse exposes a health check endpoint for use by reverse proxies.
+Each configured HTTP listener has a <code>/health</code> endpoint which always returns
+200 OK (and doesn't get logged).</p>
+<h2 id="synapse-administration-endpoints"><a class="header" href="#synapse-administration-endpoints">Synapse administration endpoints</a></h2>
+<p>Endpoints for administering your Synapse instance are placed under
+<code>/_synapse/admin</code>. These require authentication through an access token of an
+admin user. However as access to these endpoints grants the caller a lot of power,
+we do not recommend exposing them to the public internet without good reason.</p>
+
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