Pass leave from remote invite rejection down Sliding Sync (#18375)

Fixes #17753 


### Dev notes

The `sliding_sync_membership_snapshots` and `sliding_sync_joined_rooms`
database tables were added in
https://github.com/element-hq/synapse/pull/17512

### Pull Request Checklist

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---------

Co-authored-by: Erik Johnston <erik@matrix.org>
Co-authored-by: Olivier 'reivilibre <oliverw@matrix.org>
Co-authored-by: Eric Eastwood <erice@element.io>

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