Document consequences of replacing secrets (#18138)

Document consequences of replacing secrets. The covered config options
are `registration_shared_secret`, `macaroon_secret_key`, `form_secret`
and `worker_replication_secret`.

Even though I looked at the source code to check the added documentation
is right, I would appreciate additional verification of the statements
made.

In an hand-wavy attempt at classifying how bad the consequences of
secret replacement are, I added some explanations as warnings and others
as regular paragraphs.

Closes #17971 

### Pull Request Checklist

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* [x] Pull request is based on the develop branch
* [x] Pull request includes a [changelog
file](https://element-hq.github.io/synapse/latest/development/contributing_guide.html#changelog).
The entry should:
- Be a short description of your change which makes sense to users.
"Fixed a bug that prevented receiving messages from other servers."
instead of "Moved X method from `EventStore` to `EventWorkerStore`.".
  - Use markdown where necessary, mostly for `code blocks`.
  - End with either a period (.) or an exclamation mark (!).
  - Start with a capital letter.
- Feel free to credit yourself, by adding a sentence "Contributed by
@github_username." or "Contributed by [Your Name]." to the end of the
entry.
* [x] [Code
style](https://element-hq.github.io/synapse/latest/code_style.html) is
correct
(run the
[linters](https://element-hq.github.io/synapse/latest/development/contributing_guide.html#run-the-linters))

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