explain load balancing for `federation_sender_instances` (#17776)

Adding information on how the load is distributed for
`federation_sender_instances`.

Thx to @devonh for the information.

causal source:
https://github.com/element-hq/synapse/blob/c2e5e9e67c24264f5a12bf3ceaa9c4e195547d26/synapse/config/_base.py#L946-L989

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* [x] Pull request is based on the develop branch
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---------

Co-authored-by: Devon Hudson <devon.dmytro@gmail.com>

2 files changed, 8 insertions, 1 deletions

diff --git a/changelog.d/17776.doc b/changelog.d/17776.doc
new file mode 100644

index 0000000000..86754a3464
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/17776.doc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Explain how load balancing works for `federation_sender_instances`.
diff --git a/docs/usage/configuration/config_documentation.md b/docs/usage/configuration/config_documentation.md

index f51924f064..08eedc03b7 100644
--- a/docs/usage/configuration/config_documentation.md
+++ b/docs/usage/configuration/config_documentation.md
@@ -4368,7 +4368,13 @@ It is possible to scale the processes that handle sending outbound federation re
 by running a [`generic_worker`](../../workers.md#synapseappgeneric_worker) and adding it's [`worker_name`](#worker_name) to
 a `federation_sender_instances` map. Doing so will remove handling of this function from
 the main process. Multiple workers can be added to this map, in which case the work is
-balanced across them.
+balanced across them. 
+
+The way that the load balancing works is any outbound federation request will be assigned 
+to a federation sender worker based on the hash of the destination server name. This
+means that all requests being sent to the same destination will be processed by the same
+worker instance. Multiple `federation_sender_instances` are useful if there is a federation
+with multiple servers.
 
 This configuration setting must be shared between all workers handling federation
 sending, and if changed all federation sender workers must be stopped at the same time