Refactoring around Asn1EncodableVector

59 files changed, 92 insertions, 119 deletions

diff --git a/crypto/src/asn1/Asn1EncodableVector.cs b/crypto/src/asn1/Asn1EncodableVector.cs
index bf8d324ad..2bf1cf8e2 100644
--- a/crypto/src/asn1/Asn1EncodableVector.cs
+++ b/crypto/src/asn1/Asn1EncodableVector.cs
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Asn1
         public Asn1EncodableVector(int initialCapacity)
         {
             if (initialCapacity < 0)
-                throw new ArgumentException("must not be negative", "initialCapacity");
+                throw new ArgumentException("must not be negative", nameof(initialCapacity));
 
             this.elements = (initialCapacity == 0) ? EmptyElements : new Asn1Encodable[initialCapacity];
             this.elementCount = 0;
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Asn1
         public void Add(Asn1Encodable element)
         {
             if (null == element)
-                throw new ArgumentNullException("element");
+                throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(element));
 
             int capacity = elements.Length;
             int minCapacity = elementCount + 1;
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Asn1
         public void AddAll(Asn1EncodableVector other)
         {
             if (null == other)
-                throw new ArgumentNullException("other");
+                throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(other));
 
             int otherElementCount = other.Count;
             if (otherElementCount < 1)
@@ -182,10 +182,7 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Asn1
             }
         }
 
-        public int Count
-        {
-            get { return elementCount; }
-        }
+        public int Count => elementCount;
 
         System.Collections.IEnumerator System.Collections.IEnumerable.GetEnumerator()
         {
diff --git a/crypto/src/asn1/cmp/Challenge.cs b/crypto/src/asn1/cmp/Challenge.cs
index 21958da67..b86c3d800 100644
--- a/crypto/src/asn1/cmp/Challenge.cs
+++ b/crypto/src/asn1/cmp/Challenge.cs
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Asn1.Cmp
 		 */
         public override Asn1Object ToAsn1Object()
 		{
-			Asn1EncodableVector v = new Asn1EncodableVector();
+			Asn1EncodableVector v = new Asn1EncodableVector(2);
 			v.AddOptional(m_owf);
 			v.Add(m_witness, m_challenge);
 			return new DerSequence(v);
diff --git a/crypto/src/asn1/cmp/PKIHeaderBuilder.cs b/crypto/src/asn1/cmp/PKIHeaderBuilder.cs
index ab8db958a..6c7a2db63 100644
--- a/crypto/src/asn1/cmp/PKIHeaderBuilder.cs
+++ b/crypto/src/asn1/cmp/PKIHeaderBuilder.cs
@@ -126,26 +126,14 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Asn1.Cmp
 			return this;
 		}
 
-		private static Asn1Sequence MakeGeneralInfoSeq(
-			InfoTypeAndValue generalInfo)
+		private static Asn1Sequence MakeGeneralInfoSeq(InfoTypeAndValue generalInfo)
 		{
 			return new DerSequence(generalInfo);
 		}
-		
-		private static Asn1Sequence MakeGeneralInfoSeq(
-			InfoTypeAndValue[] generalInfos)
-		{
-			Asn1Sequence genInfoSeq = null;
-			if (generalInfos != null)
-			{
-				Asn1EncodableVector v = new Asn1EncodableVector();
-				for (int i = 0; i < generalInfos.Length; ++i)
-				{
-					v.Add(generalInfos[i]);
-				}
-				genInfoSeq = new DerSequence(v);
-			}
-			return genInfoSeq;
+
+		private static Asn1Sequence MakeGeneralInfoSeq(InfoTypeAndValue[] generalInfos)
+		{
+			return generalInfos == null ? null : new DerSequence(generalInfos);
 		}
 
 		/**
diff --git a/crypto/src/asn1/cmp/RevRepContentBuilder.cs b/crypto/src/asn1/cmp/RevRepContentBuilder.cs
index f23bed8b5..4ff85483e 100644
--- a/crypto/src/asn1/cmp/RevRepContentBuilder.cs
+++ b/crypto/src/asn1/cmp/RevRepContentBuilder.cs
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Asn1.Cmp
 
 		public virtual RevRepContent Build()
 		{
-			Asn1EncodableVector v = new Asn1EncodableVector();
+			Asn1EncodableVector v = new Asn1EncodableVector(3);
 
 			v.Add(new DerSequence(m_status));
 
diff --git a/crypto/src/asn1/cms/OriginatorInfo.cs b/crypto/src/asn1/cms/OriginatorInfo.cs
index 23acc2d9f..c11e01dfe 100644
--- a/crypto/src/asn1/cms/OriginatorInfo.cs
+++ b/crypto/src/asn1/cms/OriginatorInfo.cs
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Asn1.Cms
          */
         public override Asn1Object ToAsn1Object()
         {
-            Asn1EncodableVector v = new Asn1EncodableVector();
+            Asn1EncodableVector v = new Asn1EncodableVector(2);
             v.AddOptionalTagged(false, 0, certs);
             v.AddOptionalTagged(false, 1, crls);
 			return new DerSequence(v);
diff --git a/crypto/src/asn1/cms/SCVPReqRes.cs b/crypto/src/asn1/cms/SCVPReqRes.cs
index a6ebf7302..6544c852b 100644
--- a/crypto/src/asn1/cms/SCVPReqRes.cs
+++ b/crypto/src/asn1/cms/SCVPReqRes.cs
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Asn1.Cms
          */
         public override Asn1Object ToAsn1Object()
         {
-            Asn1EncodableVector v = new Asn1EncodableVector();
+            Asn1EncodableVector v = new Asn1EncodableVector(2);
             v.AddOptionalTagged(true, 0, request);
             v.Add(response);
             return new DerSequence(v);
diff --git a/crypto/src/asn1/crmf/CertTemplateBuilder.cs b/crypto/src/asn1/crmf/CertTemplateBuilder.cs
index d26e6399c..a69e3beeb 100644
--- a/crypto/src/asn1/crmf/CertTemplateBuilder.cs
+++ b/crypto/src/asn1/crmf/CertTemplateBuilder.cs
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Asn1.Crmf
          */
         public virtual CertTemplate Build()
         {
-            Asn1EncodableVector v = new Asn1EncodableVector();
+            Asn1EncodableVector v = new Asn1EncodableVector(10);
             v.AddOptionalTagged(false, 0, version);
             v.AddOptionalTagged(false, 1, serialNumber);
             v.AddOptionalTagged(false, 2, signingAlg);
diff --git a/crypto/src/asn1/crmf/EncryptedValue.cs b/crypto/src/asn1/crmf/EncryptedValue.cs
index 950298504..05a96fd37 100644
--- a/crypto/src/asn1/crmf/EncryptedValue.cs
+++ b/crypto/src/asn1/crmf/EncryptedValue.cs
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Asn1.Crmf
          */
         public override Asn1Object ToAsn1Object()
         {
-            Asn1EncodableVector v = new Asn1EncodableVector();
+            Asn1EncodableVector v = new Asn1EncodableVector(6);
             v.AddOptionalTagged(false, 0, m_intendedAlg);
             v.AddOptionalTagged(false, 1, m_symmAlg);
             v.AddOptionalTagged(false, 2, m_encSymmKey);
diff --git a/crypto/src/asn1/crmf/OptionalValidity.cs b/crypto/src/asn1/crmf/OptionalValidity.cs
index d608ea5d1..722705232 100644
--- a/crypto/src/asn1/crmf/OptionalValidity.cs
+++ b/crypto/src/asn1/crmf/OptionalValidity.cs
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Asn1.Crmf
          */
         public override Asn1Object ToAsn1Object()
         {
-            Asn1EncodableVector v = new Asn1EncodableVector();
+            Asn1EncodableVector v = new Asn1EncodableVector(2);
             v.AddOptionalTagged(true, 0, notBefore);
             v.AddOptionalTagged(true, 1, notAfter);
             return new DerSequence(v);
diff --git a/crypto/src/asn1/crmf/PopoSigningKey.cs b/crypto/src/asn1/crmf/PopoSigningKey.cs
index 11e735415..93e14e30d 100644
--- a/crypto/src/asn1/crmf/PopoSigningKey.cs
+++ b/crypto/src/asn1/crmf/PopoSigningKey.cs
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Asn1.Crmf
          */
         public override Asn1Object ToAsn1Object()
         {
-            Asn1EncodableVector v = new Asn1EncodableVector();
+            Asn1EncodableVector v = new Asn1EncodableVector(3);
             v.AddOptionalTagged(false, 0, poposkInput);
             v.Add(algorithmIdentifier);
             v.Add(signature);
diff --git a/crypto/src/asn1/crmf/PopoSigningKeyInput.cs b/crypto/src/asn1/crmf/PopoSigningKeyInput.cs
index e43fa138e..30d017475 100644
--- a/crypto/src/asn1/crmf/PopoSigningKeyInput.cs
+++ b/crypto/src/asn1/crmf/PopoSigningKeyInput.cs
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Asn1.Crmf
          */
         public override Asn1Object ToAsn1Object()
         {
-            Asn1EncodableVector v = new Asn1EncodableVector();
+            Asn1EncodableVector v = new Asn1EncodableVector(2);
 
             if (sender != null)
             {
diff --git a/crypto/src/asn1/esf/CrlOcspRef.cs b/crypto/src/asn1/esf/CrlOcspRef.cs
index 6153e0c53..6f55ff057 100644
--- a/crypto/src/asn1/esf/CrlOcspRef.cs
+++ b/crypto/src/asn1/esf/CrlOcspRef.cs
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Asn1.Esf
 
 		public override Asn1Object ToAsn1Object()
 		{
-			Asn1EncodableVector v = new Asn1EncodableVector();
+			Asn1EncodableVector v = new Asn1EncodableVector(3);
 
 			if (crlids != null)
 			{
diff --git a/crypto/src/asn1/esf/RevocationValues.cs b/crypto/src/asn1/esf/RevocationValues.cs
index 61bfd0be1..f3b36f1d1 100644
--- a/crypto/src/asn1/esf/RevocationValues.cs
+++ b/crypto/src/asn1/esf/RevocationValues.cs
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Asn1.Esf
 
 		public override Asn1Object ToAsn1Object()
 		{
-			Asn1EncodableVector v = new Asn1EncodableVector();
+			Asn1EncodableVector v = new Asn1EncodableVector(3);
             v.AddOptionalTagged(true, 0, m_crlVals);
             v.AddOptionalTagged(true, 1, m_ocspVals);
 
diff --git a/crypto/src/asn1/esf/SignerAttribute.cs b/crypto/src/asn1/esf/SignerAttribute.cs
index 39bd910b2..f90968cf8 100644
--- a/crypto/src/asn1/esf/SignerAttribute.cs
+++ b/crypto/src/asn1/esf/SignerAttribute.cs
@@ -80,18 +80,9 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Asn1.Esf
 		*/
 		public override Asn1Object ToAsn1Object()
 		{
-			Asn1EncodableVector v = new Asn1EncodableVector();
-
-			if (claimedAttributes != null)
-			{
-				v.Add(new DerTaggedObject(0, claimedAttributes));
-			}
-			else
-			{
-				v.Add(new DerTaggedObject(1, certifiedAttributes));
-			}
-
-			return new DerSequence(v);
+			return claimedAttributes != null
+				?	new DerSequence(new DerTaggedObject(0, claimedAttributes))
+				:	new DerSequence(new DerTaggedObject(1, certifiedAttributes));
 		}
 	}
 }
diff --git a/crypto/src/asn1/ess/ContentHints.cs b/crypto/src/asn1/ess/ContentHints.cs
index 81ba0a1fe..f61bf0df8 100644
--- a/crypto/src/asn1/ess/ContentHints.cs
+++ b/crypto/src/asn1/ess/ContentHints.cs
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Asn1.Ess
 		 */
 		public override Asn1Object ToAsn1Object()
 		{
-			Asn1EncodableVector v = new Asn1EncodableVector();
+			Asn1EncodableVector v = new Asn1EncodableVector(2);
             v.AddOptional(contentDescription);
 			v.Add(contentType);
 			return new DerSequence(v);
diff --git a/crypto/src/asn1/ess/ESSCertIDv2.cs b/crypto/src/asn1/ess/ESSCertIDv2.cs
index 1711a769c..b3d49ceb5 100644
--- a/crypto/src/asn1/ess/ESSCertIDv2.cs
+++ b/crypto/src/asn1/ess/ESSCertIDv2.cs
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Asn1.Ess
          */
         public override Asn1Object ToAsn1Object()
         {
-            Asn1EncodableVector v = new Asn1EncodableVector();
+            Asn1EncodableVector v = new Asn1EncodableVector(3);
 
             if (!hashAlgorithm.Equals(DefaultAlgID))
             {
diff --git a/crypto/src/asn1/isismtt/x509/AdmissionSyntax.cs b/crypto/src/asn1/isismtt/x509/AdmissionSyntax.cs
index a45075ee4..eac5d9a1a 100644
--- a/crypto/src/asn1/isismtt/x509/AdmissionSyntax.cs
+++ b/crypto/src/asn1/isismtt/x509/AdmissionSyntax.cs
@@ -243,7 +243,7 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Asn1.IsisMtt.X509
         */
         public override Asn1Object ToAsn1Object()
         {
-            Asn1EncodableVector v = new Asn1EncodableVector();
+            Asn1EncodableVector v = new Asn1EncodableVector(2);
             v.AddOptional(admissionAuthority);
             v.Add(contentsOfAdmissions);
             return new DerSequence(v);
diff --git a/crypto/src/asn1/isismtt/x509/Admissions.cs b/crypto/src/asn1/isismtt/x509/Admissions.cs
index 1ade6093f..57c5a6183 100644
--- a/crypto/src/asn1/isismtt/x509/Admissions.cs
+++ b/crypto/src/asn1/isismtt/x509/Admissions.cs
@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Asn1.IsisMtt.X509
 		*/
 		public override Asn1Object ToAsn1Object()
 		{
-			Asn1EncodableVector v = new Asn1EncodableVector();
+			Asn1EncodableVector v = new Asn1EncodableVector(3);
             v.AddOptionalTagged(true, 0, admissionAuthority);
             v.AddOptionalTagged(true, 1, namingAuthority);
 			v.Add(professionInfos);
diff --git a/crypto/src/asn1/isismtt/x509/NamingAuthority.cs b/crypto/src/asn1/isismtt/x509/NamingAuthority.cs
index 78ef25654..3c3f0a5f5 100644
--- a/crypto/src/asn1/isismtt/x509/NamingAuthority.cs
+++ b/crypto/src/asn1/isismtt/x509/NamingAuthority.cs
@@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Asn1.IsisMtt.X509
 		*/
 		public override Asn1Object ToAsn1Object()
 		{
-			Asn1EncodableVector v = new Asn1EncodableVector();
+			Asn1EncodableVector v = new Asn1EncodableVector(3);
             v.AddOptional(namingAuthorityID);
 
 			if (namingAuthorityUrl != null)
diff --git a/crypto/src/asn1/isismtt/x509/ProcurationSyntax.cs b/crypto/src/asn1/isismtt/x509/ProcurationSyntax.cs
index 23be2d388..2fb7323c6 100644
--- a/crypto/src/asn1/isismtt/x509/ProcurationSyntax.cs
+++ b/crypto/src/asn1/isismtt/x509/ProcurationSyntax.cs
@@ -202,7 +202,7 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Asn1.IsisMtt.X509
 		*/
 		public override Asn1Object ToAsn1Object()
 		{
-            Asn1EncodableVector v = new Asn1EncodableVector();
+            Asn1EncodableVector v = new Asn1EncodableVector(3);
 
             if (country != null)
             {
diff --git a/crypto/src/asn1/isismtt/x509/ProfessionInfo.cs b/crypto/src/asn1/isismtt/x509/ProfessionInfo.cs
index daa76730d..32ad31d9a 100644
--- a/crypto/src/asn1/isismtt/x509/ProfessionInfo.cs
+++ b/crypto/src/asn1/isismtt/x509/ProfessionInfo.cs
@@ -296,7 +296,7 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Asn1.IsisMtt.X509
 		*/
         public override Asn1Object ToAsn1Object()
         {
-            Asn1EncodableVector v = new Asn1EncodableVector();
+            Asn1EncodableVector v = new Asn1EncodableVector(5);
             v.AddOptionalTagged(true, 0, namingAuthority);
             v.Add(professionItems);
             v.AddOptional(professionOids);
diff --git a/crypto/src/asn1/misc/IDEACBCPar.cs b/crypto/src/asn1/misc/IDEACBCPar.cs
index 9ae9f6faf..96bfb89b0 100644
--- a/crypto/src/asn1/misc/IDEACBCPar.cs
+++ b/crypto/src/asn1/misc/IDEACBCPar.cs
@@ -55,9 +55,9 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Asn1.Misc
          */
         public override Asn1Object ToAsn1Object()
         {
-            Asn1EncodableVector v = new Asn1EncodableVector();
-            v.AddOptional(iv);
-            return new DerSequence(v);
+            return iv != null
+                ?   new DerSequence(iv)
+                :   DerSequence.Empty;
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/crypto/src/asn1/nist/KMACwithSHAKE128_params.cs b/crypto/src/asn1/nist/KMACwithSHAKE128_params.cs
index a1fd8f403..df2bf0173 100644
--- a/crypto/src/asn1/nist/KMACwithSHAKE128_params.cs
+++ b/crypto/src/asn1/nist/KMACwithSHAKE128_params.cs
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ public class KMacWithShake128Params : Asn1Encodable
 
     public override Asn1Object ToAsn1Object()
     {
-        Asn1EncodableVector v = new Asn1EncodableVector();
+        Asn1EncodableVector v = new Asn1EncodableVector(2);
         if (outputLength != DEF_LENGTH)
         {
             v.Add(new DerInteger(outputLength));
diff --git a/crypto/src/asn1/nist/KMACwithSHAKE256_params.cs b/crypto/src/asn1/nist/KMACwithSHAKE256_params.cs
index f0560e9da..dfdfb2c36 100644
--- a/crypto/src/asn1/nist/KMACwithSHAKE256_params.cs
+++ b/crypto/src/asn1/nist/KMACwithSHAKE256_params.cs
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ public class KMacWithShake256Params : Asn1Encodable
 
     public override Asn1Object ToAsn1Object()
     {
-        Asn1EncodableVector v = new Asn1EncodableVector();
+        Asn1EncodableVector v = new Asn1EncodableVector(2);
         if (outputLength != DEF_LENGTH)
         {
             v.Add(new DerInteger(outputLength));
diff --git a/crypto/src/asn1/ocsp/CrlID.cs b/crypto/src/asn1/ocsp/CrlID.cs
index 8736b83ab..7a4172c57 100644
--- a/crypto/src/asn1/ocsp/CrlID.cs
+++ b/crypto/src/asn1/ocsp/CrlID.cs
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Asn1.Ocsp
          */
         public override Asn1Object ToAsn1Object()
         {
-            Asn1EncodableVector v = new Asn1EncodableVector();
+            Asn1EncodableVector v = new Asn1EncodableVector(3);
             v.AddOptionalTagged(true, 0, crlUrl);
             v.AddOptionalTagged(true, 1, crlNum);
             v.AddOptionalTagged(true, 2, crlTime);
diff --git a/crypto/src/asn1/ocsp/ResponseData.cs b/crypto/src/asn1/ocsp/ResponseData.cs
index dfb234bc1..b18e1d623 100644
--- a/crypto/src/asn1/ocsp/ResponseData.cs
+++ b/crypto/src/asn1/ocsp/ResponseData.cs
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Asn1.Ocsp
          */
         public override Asn1Object ToAsn1Object()
         {
-            Asn1EncodableVector v = new Asn1EncodableVector();
+            Asn1EncodableVector v = new Asn1EncodableVector(3);
 
             if (versionPresent || !version.Equals(V1))
             {
diff --git a/crypto/src/asn1/ocsp/TBSRequest.cs b/crypto/src/asn1/ocsp/TBSRequest.cs
index 0166c5342..fd5f153d7 100644
--- a/crypto/src/asn1/ocsp/TBSRequest.cs
+++ b/crypto/src/asn1/ocsp/TBSRequest.cs
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Asn1.Ocsp
          */
         public override Asn1Object ToAsn1Object()
         {
-            Asn1EncodableVector v = new Asn1EncodableVector();
+            Asn1EncodableVector v = new Asn1EncodableVector(4);
 
             //
             // if default don't include - unless explicitly provided. Not strictly correct
diff --git a/crypto/src/asn1/pkcs/RC2CBCParameter.cs b/crypto/src/asn1/pkcs/RC2CBCParameter.cs
index 48591f2e9..c1f09a088 100644
--- a/crypto/src/asn1/pkcs/RC2CBCParameter.cs
+++ b/crypto/src/asn1/pkcs/RC2CBCParameter.cs
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Asn1.Pkcs
 
         public override Asn1Object ToAsn1Object()
         {
-            Asn1EncodableVector v = new Asn1EncodableVector();
+            Asn1EncodableVector v = new Asn1EncodableVector(2);
             v.AddOptional(version);
             v.Add(iv);
             return new DerSequence(v);
diff --git a/crypto/src/asn1/pkcs/RSAESOAEPparams.cs b/crypto/src/asn1/pkcs/RSAESOAEPparams.cs
index 2419e33c7..988b230c8 100644
--- a/crypto/src/asn1/pkcs/RSAESOAEPparams.cs
+++ b/crypto/src/asn1/pkcs/RSAESOAEPparams.cs
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Asn1.Pkcs
 		 */
 		public override Asn1Object ToAsn1Object()
 		{
-			Asn1EncodableVector v = new Asn1EncodableVector();
+			Asn1EncodableVector v = new Asn1EncodableVector(3);
 
 			if (!hashAlgorithm.Equals(DefaultHashAlgorithm))
 			{
diff --git a/crypto/src/asn1/pkcs/RSASSAPSSparams.cs b/crypto/src/asn1/pkcs/RSASSAPSSparams.cs
index 85849c362..e5800993f 100644
--- a/crypto/src/asn1/pkcs/RSASSAPSSparams.cs
+++ b/crypto/src/asn1/pkcs/RSASSAPSSparams.cs
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Asn1.Pkcs
 		 */
 		public override Asn1Object ToAsn1Object()
 		{
-			Asn1EncodableVector v = new Asn1EncodableVector();
+			Asn1EncodableVector v = new Asn1EncodableVector(4);
 
 			if (!hashAlgorithm.Equals(DefaultHashAlgorithm))
 			{
diff --git a/crypto/src/asn1/tsp/Accuracy.cs b/crypto/src/asn1/tsp/Accuracy.cs
index 0cbc731ac..0d64e2dd4 100644
--- a/crypto/src/asn1/tsp/Accuracy.cs
+++ b/crypto/src/asn1/tsp/Accuracy.cs
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Asn1.Tsp
 		 */
         public override Asn1Object ToAsn1Object()
         {
-            Asn1EncodableVector v = new Asn1EncodableVector();
+            Asn1EncodableVector v = new Asn1EncodableVector(3);
             v.AddOptional(seconds);
             v.AddOptionalTagged(false, 0, millis);
             v.AddOptionalTagged(false, 1, micros);
diff --git a/crypto/src/asn1/x509/AuthorityKeyIdentifier.cs b/crypto/src/asn1/x509/AuthorityKeyIdentifier.cs
index 64cfce214..810fda82e 100644
--- a/crypto/src/asn1/x509/AuthorityKeyIdentifier.cs
+++ b/crypto/src/asn1/x509/AuthorityKeyIdentifier.cs
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Asn1.X509
          */
         public override Asn1Object ToAsn1Object()
         {
-            Asn1EncodableVector v = new Asn1EncodableVector();
+            Asn1EncodableVector v = new Asn1EncodableVector(3);
             v.AddOptionalTagged(false, 0, keyidentifier);
             v.AddOptionalTagged(false, 1, certissuer);
             v.AddOptionalTagged(false, 2, certserno);
diff --git a/crypto/src/asn1/x509/CertificatePair.cs b/crypto/src/asn1/x509/CertificatePair.cs
index 69861e1dc..055144464 100644
--- a/crypto/src/asn1/x509/CertificatePair.cs
+++ b/crypto/src/asn1/x509/CertificatePair.cs
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Asn1.X509
 		*/
         public override Asn1Object ToAsn1Object()
         {
-            Asn1EncodableVector v = new Asn1EncodableVector();
+            Asn1EncodableVector v = new Asn1EncodableVector(2);
             v.AddOptionalTagged(true, 0, forward);
             v.AddOptionalTagged(true, 1, reverse);
             return new DerSequence(v);
diff --git a/crypto/src/asn1/x509/IetfAttrSyntax.cs b/crypto/src/asn1/x509/IetfAttrSyntax.cs
index 61fe78561..024c8dd68 100644
--- a/crypto/src/asn1/x509/IetfAttrSyntax.cs
+++ b/crypto/src/asn1/x509/IetfAttrSyntax.cs
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Asn1.X509
          */
         public override Asn1Object ToAsn1Object()
         {
-            Asn1EncodableVector v = new Asn1EncodableVector();
+            Asn1EncodableVector v = new Asn1EncodableVector(2);
             v.AddOptionalTagged(true, 0, policyAuthority);
             v.Add(new DerSequence(values));
             return new DerSequence(v);
diff --git a/crypto/src/asn1/x509/IssuingDistributionPoint.cs b/crypto/src/asn1/x509/IssuingDistributionPoint.cs
index 0287fd8f5..8ae4cafa0 100644
--- a/crypto/src/asn1/x509/IssuingDistributionPoint.cs
+++ b/crypto/src/asn1/x509/IssuingDistributionPoint.cs
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Asn1.X509
 			this._onlyContainsUserCerts = onlyContainsUserCerts;
 			this._onlySomeReasons = onlySomeReasons;
 
-			Asn1EncodableVector vec = new Asn1EncodableVector();
+			Asn1EncodableVector vec = new Asn1EncodableVector(6);
 			if (distributionPoint != null)
 			{	// CHOICE item so explicitly tagged
 				vec.Add(new DerTaggedObject(true, 0, distributionPoint));
diff --git a/crypto/src/asn1/x509/NoticeReference.cs b/crypto/src/asn1/x509/NoticeReference.cs
index 98a64ec55..2fb275d8f 100644
--- a/crypto/src/asn1/x509/NoticeReference.cs
+++ b/crypto/src/asn1/x509/NoticeReference.cs
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Asn1.X509
 
         private static Asn1EncodableVector ConvertVector(IList<object> numbers)
         {
-            Asn1EncodableVector av = new Asn1EncodableVector();
+            Asn1EncodableVector av = new Asn1EncodableVector(numbers.Count);
 
             foreach (object o in numbers)
             {
diff --git a/crypto/src/asn1/x509/PolicyMappings.cs b/crypto/src/asn1/x509/PolicyMappings.cs
index a077f2059..01a6ae88f 100644
--- a/crypto/src/asn1/x509/PolicyMappings.cs
+++ b/crypto/src/asn1/x509/PolicyMappings.cs
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Asn1.X509
 		 */
 		public PolicyMappings(IDictionary<string, string> mappings)
 		{
-			Asn1EncodableVector v = new Asn1EncodableVector();
+			Asn1EncodableVector v = new Asn1EncodableVector(mappings.Count);
 
 			foreach (var entry in mappings)
 			{
diff --git a/crypto/src/asn1/x509/PrivateKeyUsagePeriod.cs b/crypto/src/asn1/x509/PrivateKeyUsagePeriod.cs
index a87c2ee9e..2ca1557bc 100644
--- a/crypto/src/asn1/x509/PrivateKeyUsagePeriod.cs
+++ b/crypto/src/asn1/x509/PrivateKeyUsagePeriod.cs
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Asn1.X509
 
         public override Asn1Object ToAsn1Object()
         {
-            Asn1EncodableVector v = new Asn1EncodableVector();
+            Asn1EncodableVector v = new Asn1EncodableVector(2);
             v.AddOptionalTagged(false, 0, _notBefore);
             v.AddOptionalTagged(false, 1, _notAfter);
             return new DerSequence(v);
diff --git a/crypto/src/asn1/x509/RoleSyntax.cs b/crypto/src/asn1/x509/RoleSyntax.cs
index b5b217b6b..163b3d07e 100644
--- a/crypto/src/asn1/x509/RoleSyntax.cs
+++ b/crypto/src/asn1/x509/RoleSyntax.cs
@@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Asn1.X509
 		*/
         public override Asn1Object ToAsn1Object()
         {
-            Asn1EncodableVector v = new Asn1EncodableVector();
+            Asn1EncodableVector v = new Asn1EncodableVector(2);
             v.AddOptionalTagged(false, 0, roleAuthority);
             v.Add(new DerTaggedObject(true, 1, roleName));
             return new DerSequence(v);
diff --git a/crypto/src/asn1/x509/TBSCertificateStructure.cs b/crypto/src/asn1/x509/TBSCertificateStructure.cs
index bd08d8bb8..5e3bf2601 100644
--- a/crypto/src/asn1/x509/TBSCertificateStructure.cs
+++ b/crypto/src/asn1/x509/TBSCertificateStructure.cs
@@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Asn1.X509
             if (null == property || Platform.EqualsIgnoreCase("true", property))
                 return seq;
 
-            Asn1EncodableVector v = new Asn1EncodableVector();
+            Asn1EncodableVector v = new Asn1EncodableVector(8);
 
             // DEFAULT Zero
             if (!version.HasValue(0))
diff --git a/crypto/src/asn1/x509/UserNotice.cs b/crypto/src/asn1/x509/UserNotice.cs
index 801ca0ded..c9a5e5309 100644
--- a/crypto/src/asn1/x509/UserNotice.cs
+++ b/crypto/src/asn1/x509/UserNotice.cs
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Asn1.X509
 
         public override Asn1Object ToAsn1Object()
         {
-            Asn1EncodableVector v = new Asn1EncodableVector();
+            Asn1EncodableVector v = new Asn1EncodableVector(2);
             v.AddOptional(noticeRef, explicitText);
             return new DerSequence(v);
         }
diff --git a/crypto/src/asn1/x509/V2Form.cs b/crypto/src/asn1/x509/V2Form.cs
index 53475ffbe..ca1b75095 100644
--- a/crypto/src/asn1/x509/V2Form.cs
+++ b/crypto/src/asn1/x509/V2Form.cs
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Asn1.X509
          */
         public override Asn1Object ToAsn1Object()
         {
-            Asn1EncodableVector v = new Asn1EncodableVector();
+            Asn1EncodableVector v = new Asn1EncodableVector(3);
             v.AddOptional(issuerName);
             v.AddOptionalTagged(false, 0, baseCertificateID);
             v.AddOptionalTagged(false, 1, objectDigestInfo);
diff --git a/crypto/src/asn1/x509/qualified/SemanticsInformation.cs b/crypto/src/asn1/x509/qualified/SemanticsInformation.cs
index 23818e916..1106e10b1 100644
--- a/crypto/src/asn1/x509/qualified/SemanticsInformation.cs
+++ b/crypto/src/asn1/x509/qualified/SemanticsInformation.cs
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Asn1.X509.Qualified
 
         public override Asn1Object ToAsn1Object()
         {
-            Asn1EncodableVector v = new Asn1EncodableVector();
+            Asn1EncodableVector v = new Asn1EncodableVector(2);
             v.AddOptional(semanticsIdentifier);
 
             if (null != nameRegistrationAuthorities)
diff --git a/crypto/src/asn1/x9/X9Curve.cs b/crypto/src/asn1/x9/X9Curve.cs
index 88198335f..568bcb316 100644
--- a/crypto/src/asn1/x9/X9Curve.cs
+++ b/crypto/src/asn1/x9/X9Curve.cs
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Asn1.X9
          */
         public override Asn1Object ToAsn1Object()
         {
-            Asn1EncodableVector v = new Asn1EncodableVector();
+            Asn1EncodableVector v = new Asn1EncodableVector(3);
 
             if (fieldIdentifier.Equals(X9ObjectIdentifiers.PrimeField)
                 || fieldIdentifier.Equals(X9ObjectIdentifiers.CharacteristicTwoField)) 
diff --git a/crypto/src/cmp/CertificateConfirmationContentBuilder.cs b/crypto/src/cmp/CertificateConfirmationContentBuilder.cs
index fa7e5a897..09ae71bbf 100644
--- a/crypto/src/cmp/CertificateConfirmationContentBuilder.cs
+++ b/crypto/src/cmp/CertificateConfirmationContentBuilder.cs
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Cmp
 
         public CertificateConfirmationContent Build()
         {
-            Asn1EncodableVector v = new Asn1EncodableVector();
+            Asn1EncodableVector v = new Asn1EncodableVector(m_acceptedCerts.Count);
             for (int i = 0; i != m_acceptedCerts.Count; i++)
             {
                 X509Certificate cert = m_acceptedCerts[i];
diff --git a/crypto/src/cms/CMSAuthenticatedDataGenerator.cs b/crypto/src/cms/CMSAuthenticatedDataGenerator.cs
index 95e710c9b..9f6815161 100644
--- a/crypto/src/cms/CMSAuthenticatedDataGenerator.cs
+++ b/crypto/src/cms/CMSAuthenticatedDataGenerator.cs
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Cms
 				throw new CmsException("exception decoding algorithm parameters.", e);
 			}
 
-			var recipientInfos = new Asn1EncodableVector();
+			var recipientInfos = new Asn1EncodableVector(recipientInfoGenerators.Count);
 
 			foreach (RecipientInfoGenerator rig in recipientInfoGenerators) 
 			{
@@ -111,13 +111,13 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Cms
 					throw new CmsException("error making encrypted content.", e);
 				}
 			}
-			
+
 			var eci = new ContentInfo(CmsObjectIdentifiers.Data, encContent);
 
 			var contentInfo = new ContentInfo(
 				CmsObjectIdentifiers.AuthenticatedData,
 				new AuthenticatedData(null, new DerSet(recipientInfos), macAlgId, null, eci, null, macResult, null));
-			
+
 			return new CmsAuthenticatedData(contentInfo);
 		}
 
diff --git a/crypto/src/cms/CMSAuthenticatedDataStreamGenerator.cs b/crypto/src/cms/CMSAuthenticatedDataStreamGenerator.cs
index 054a9c45e..d3f65af7a 100644
--- a/crypto/src/cms/CMSAuthenticatedDataStreamGenerator.cs
+++ b/crypto/src/cms/CMSAuthenticatedDataStreamGenerator.cs
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Cms
 			AlgorithmIdentifier macAlgId = GetAlgorithmIdentifier(
 				macOid, encKey, asn1Params, out cipherParameters);
 
-			Asn1EncodableVector recipientInfos = new Asn1EncodableVector();
+			Asn1EncodableVector recipientInfos = new Asn1EncodableVector(recipientInfoGenerators.Count);
 
 			foreach (RecipientInfoGenerator rig in recipientInfoGenerators)
 			{
diff --git a/crypto/src/cms/CMSEnvelopedDataGenerator.cs b/crypto/src/cms/CMSEnvelopedDataGenerator.cs
index d2cd18885..62fff7412 100644
--- a/crypto/src/cms/CMSEnvelopedDataGenerator.cs
+++ b/crypto/src/cms/CMSEnvelopedDataGenerator.cs
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Cms
 			}
 
 
-			Asn1EncodableVector recipientInfos = new Asn1EncodableVector();
+			Asn1EncodableVector recipientInfos = new Asn1EncodableVector(recipientInfoGenerators.Count);
 
             foreach (RecipientInfoGenerator rig in recipientInfoGenerators)
             {
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Cms
             }
 
 
-            Asn1EncodableVector recipientInfos = new Asn1EncodableVector();
+            Asn1EncodableVector recipientInfos = new Asn1EncodableVector(recipientInfoGenerators.Count);
 
             foreach (RecipientInfoGenerator rig in recipientInfoGenerators)
             {
diff --git a/crypto/src/cms/CMSEnvelopedDataStreamGenerator.cs b/crypto/src/cms/CMSEnvelopedDataStreamGenerator.cs
index 64d501a41..48fe2eccc 100644
--- a/crypto/src/cms/CMSEnvelopedDataStreamGenerator.cs
+++ b/crypto/src/cms/CMSEnvelopedDataStreamGenerator.cs
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Cms
 			AlgorithmIdentifier encAlgID = GetAlgorithmIdentifier(
 				encryptionOid, encKey, asn1Params, out cipherParameters);
 
-			Asn1EncodableVector recipientInfos = new Asn1EncodableVector();
+			Asn1EncodableVector recipientInfos = new Asn1EncodableVector(recipientInfoGenerators.Count);
 
 			foreach (RecipientInfoGenerator rig in recipientInfoGenerators)
 			{
diff --git a/crypto/src/cms/CMSSignedData.cs b/crypto/src/cms/CMSSignedData.cs
index 10278784e..5a73df4f1 100644
--- a/crypto/src/cms/CMSSignedData.cs
+++ b/crypto/src/cms/CMSSignedData.cs
@@ -276,10 +276,10 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Cms
 			//
 			// replace the signers in the SignedData object
 			//
-			Asn1EncodableVector digestAlgs = new Asn1EncodableVector();
-			Asn1EncodableVector vec = new Asn1EncodableVector();
-
-			foreach (SignerInformation signer in signerInformationStore.GetSigners())
+			var storeSigners = signerInformationStore.GetSigners();
+            Asn1EncodableVector digestAlgs = new Asn1EncodableVector(storeSigners.Count);
+            Asn1EncodableVector vec = new Asn1EncodableVector(storeSigners.Count);
+            foreach (SignerInformation signer in storeSigners)
 			{
 				digestAlgs.Add(Helper.FixAlgID(signer.DigestAlgorithmID));
 				vec.Add(signer.ToSignerInfo());
@@ -292,9 +292,9 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Cms
 			//
 			// signers are the last item in the sequence.
 			//
-			vec = new Asn1EncodableVector(
-				sD[0], // version
-				digests);
+			vec = new Asn1EncodableVector(sD.Count);
+			vec.Add(sD[0]); // version
+			vec.Add(digests);
 
 			for (int i = 2; i != sD.Count - 1; i++)
 			{
diff --git a/crypto/src/cms/CMSSignedDataStreamGenerator.cs b/crypto/src/cms/CMSSignedDataStreamGenerator.cs
index 48abfbfa2..4883fc3f9 100644
--- a/crypto/src/cms/CMSSignedDataStreamGenerator.cs
+++ b/crypto/src/cms/CMSSignedDataStreamGenerator.cs
@@ -556,7 +556,7 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Cms
 
             sigGen.AddObject(CalculateVersion(contentTypeOid));
 
-			Asn1EncodableVector digestAlgs = new Asn1EncodableVector();
+			Asn1EncodableVector digestAlgs = new Asn1EncodableVector(_messageDigestOids.Count);
 
 			foreach (string digestOid in _messageDigestOids)
             {
diff --git a/crypto/src/cms/KeyAgreeRecipientInfoGenerator.cs b/crypto/src/cms/KeyAgreeRecipientInfoGenerator.cs
index 8feb25b43..6bcba0d80 100644
--- a/crypto/src/cms/KeyAgreeRecipientInfoGenerator.cs
+++ b/crypto/src/cms/KeyAgreeRecipientInfoGenerator.cs
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Cms
 			DerSequence paramSeq = new DerSequence(m_keyEncryptionOid, DerNull.Instance);
 			AlgorithmIdentifier keyEncAlg = new AlgorithmIdentifier(m_keyAgreementOid, paramSeq);
 
-			Asn1EncodableVector recipientEncryptedKeys = new Asn1EncodableVector();
+			Asn1EncodableVector recipientEncryptedKeys = new Asn1EncodableVector(m_recipientIDs.Count);
             for (int i = 0; i < m_recipientIDs.Count; ++i)
 			{
 				var recipientID = m_recipientIDs[i];
diff --git a/crypto/src/cms/SignerInformation.cs b/crypto/src/cms/SignerInformation.cs
index 4e21b1246..2e32a3ae6 100644
--- a/crypto/src/cms/SignerInformation.cs
+++ b/crypto/src/cms/SignerInformation.cs
@@ -784,12 +784,12 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Cms
 			}
 			else
 			{
-				v = new Asn1EncodableVector();
+				v = new Asn1EncodableVector(1);
 			}
 
-			Asn1EncodableVector sigs = new Asn1EncodableVector();
-
-			foreach (SignerInformation sigInf in counterSigners.GetSigners())
+			var signers = counterSigners.GetSigners();
+            Asn1EncodableVector sigs = new Asn1EncodableVector(signers.Count);
+            foreach (SignerInformation sigInf in signers)
 			{
 				sigs.Add(sigInf.ToSignerInfo());
 			}
diff --git a/crypto/src/crmf/CertificateRequestMessageBuilder.cs b/crypto/src/crmf/CertificateRequestMessageBuilder.cs
index d09084fb3..dc5bc6224 100644
--- a/crypto/src/crmf/CertificateRequestMessageBuilder.cs
+++ b/crypto/src/crmf/CertificateRequestMessageBuilder.cs
@@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Crmf
 
             if (m_controls.Count > 0)
             {
-                Asn1EncodableVector controlV = new Asn1EncodableVector();
+                Asn1EncodableVector controlV = new Asn1EncodableVector(m_controls.Count);
 
                 foreach (var control in m_controls)
                 {
diff --git a/crypto/src/pkcs/Pkcs12Store.cs b/crypto/src/pkcs/Pkcs12Store.cs
index 9cb81a412..aede1653a 100644
--- a/crypto/src/pkcs/Pkcs12Store.cs
+++ b/crypto/src/pkcs/Pkcs12Store.cs
@@ -649,7 +649,7 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Pkcs
             //
             // handle the keys
             //
-            Asn1EncodableVector keyBags = new Asn1EncodableVector();
+            Asn1EncodableVector keyBags = new Asn1EncodableVector(m_keys.Count);
             foreach (var keyEntry in m_keys)
             {
                 var name = keyEntry.Key;
@@ -732,7 +732,7 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Pkcs
 
             random.NextBytes(cSalt);
 
-            Asn1EncodableVector certBags = new Asn1EncodableVector();
+            Asn1EncodableVector certBags = new Asn1EncodableVector(m_keys.Count);
             Pkcs12PbeParams     cParams = new Pkcs12PbeParams(cSalt, MinIterations);
             AlgorithmIdentifier cAlgId = new AlgorithmIdentifier(certAlgorithm, cParams.ToAsn1Object());
             var doneCerts = new HashSet<X509Certificate>();
@@ -836,8 +836,8 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Pkcs
                     if (ext != null)
                     {
                         ExtendedKeyUsage usage = ExtendedKeyUsage.GetInstance(ext.GetOctets());
-                        Asn1EncodableVector v = new Asn1EncodableVector();
                         IList<DerObjectIdentifier> usages = usage.GetAllUsages();
+                        Asn1EncodableVector v = new Asn1EncodableVector(usages.Count);
                         for (int i = 0; i != usages.Count; i++)
                         {
                             v.Add(usages[i]);
diff --git a/crypto/src/pqc/asn1/CmcePrivateKey.cs b/crypto/src/pqc/asn1/CmcePrivateKey.cs
index c6ba33352..743b801f5 100644
--- a/crypto/src/pqc/asn1/CmcePrivateKey.cs
+++ b/crypto/src/pqc/asn1/CmcePrivateKey.cs
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ using Org.BouncyCastle.Utilities;
 // </pre>
 namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Pqc.Asn1
 {
+    // TODO[api] Should only be Asn1Encodable
     public class CmcePrivateKey
         : Asn1Object
     {
@@ -84,7 +85,7 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Pqc.Asn1
 
         public Asn1Object ToAsn1Primitive()
         {
-            Asn1EncodableVector v = new Asn1EncodableVector();
+            Asn1EncodableVector v = new Asn1EncodableVector(7);
 
             v.Add(new DerInteger(version));
             v.Add(new DerOctetString(delta));
@@ -94,9 +95,9 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Pqc.Asn1
             v.Add(new DerOctetString(s));
 
             // todo optional publickey
-            if(PublicKey != null)
+            if (publicKey != null)
             {
-                v.Add(new CmcePublicKey(PublicKey.T));
+                v.Add(new CmcePublicKey(publicKey.T));
             }
 
             return new DerSequence(v);
diff --git a/crypto/src/pqc/asn1/CmcePublicKey.cs b/crypto/src/pqc/asn1/CmcePublicKey.cs
index 1e417c5df..00a2afe19 100644
--- a/crypto/src/pqc/asn1/CmcePublicKey.cs
+++ b/crypto/src/pqc/asn1/CmcePublicKey.cs
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ using Org.BouncyCastle.Utilities;
 
 namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Pqc.Asn1
 {
+    // TODO[api] Should only be Asn1Encodable
     public class CmcePublicKey
         : Asn1Object
     {
@@ -23,9 +24,7 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Pqc.Asn1
 
         public Asn1Object ToAsn1Primitive()
         {
-            Asn1EncodableVector v = new Asn1EncodableVector();
-            v.Add(new DerOctetString(t));
-            return new DerSequence(v);
+            return new DerSequence(new DerOctetString(t));
         }
 
         public static CmcePublicKey GetInstance(Object o)
diff --git a/crypto/src/pqc/crypto/utils/PqcPrivateKeyInfoFactory.cs b/crypto/src/pqc/crypto/utils/PqcPrivateKeyInfoFactory.cs
index ce0300cf4..3d1b1b679 100644
--- a/crypto/src/pqc/crypto/utils/PqcPrivateKeyInfoFactory.cs
+++ b/crypto/src/pqc/crypto/utils/PqcPrivateKeyInfoFactory.cs
@@ -105,8 +105,7 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Pqc.Crypto.Utilities
 #pragma warning restore CS0618 // Type or member is obsolete
             if (privateKey is FalconPrivateKeyParameters falconPrivateKeyParameters)
             {
-                Asn1EncodableVector v = new Asn1EncodableVector();
-
+                Asn1EncodableVector v = new Asn1EncodableVector(4);
                 v.Add(new DerInteger(1));
                 v.Add(new DerOctetString(falconPrivateKeyParameters.GetSpolyLittleF()));
                 v.Add(new DerOctetString(falconPrivateKeyParameters.GetG()));
@@ -120,8 +119,7 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Pqc.Crypto.Utilities
             }
             if (privateKey is KyberPrivateKeyParameters kyberPrivateKeyParameters)
             {
-                Asn1EncodableVector v = new Asn1EncodableVector();
-
+                Asn1EncodableVector v = new Asn1EncodableVector(4);
                 v.Add(new DerInteger(0));
                 v.Add(new DerOctetString(kyberPrivateKeyParameters.S));
                 v.Add(new DerOctetString(kyberPrivateKeyParameters.Hpk));
@@ -130,7 +128,7 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Pqc.Crypto.Utilities
                 AlgorithmIdentifier algorithmIdentifier = new AlgorithmIdentifier(
                     PqcUtilities.KyberOidLookup(kyberPrivateKeyParameters.Parameters));
 
-                Asn1EncodableVector vPub = new Asn1EncodableVector();
+                Asn1EncodableVector vPub = new Asn1EncodableVector(2);
                 vPub.Add(new DerOctetString(kyberPrivateKeyParameters.T));
                 vPub.Add(new DerOctetString(kyberPrivateKeyParameters.Rho));
 
@@ -139,8 +137,7 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Pqc.Crypto.Utilities
             }
             if (privateKey is DilithiumPrivateKeyParameters dilithiumPrivateKeyParameters)
             {
-                Asn1EncodableVector v = new Asn1EncodableVector();
-
+                Asn1EncodableVector v = new Asn1EncodableVector(7);
                 v.Add(new DerInteger(0));
                 v.Add(new DerBitString(dilithiumPrivateKeyParameters.Rho));
                 v.Add(new DerBitString(dilithiumPrivateKeyParameters.K));
@@ -152,7 +149,7 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Pqc.Crypto.Utilities
                 AlgorithmIdentifier algorithmIdentifier = new AlgorithmIdentifier(
                     PqcUtilities.DilithiumOidLookup(dilithiumPrivateKeyParameters.Parameters));
 
-                Asn1EncodableVector vPub = new Asn1EncodableVector();
+                Asn1EncodableVector vPub = new Asn1EncodableVector(2);
                 vPub.Add(new DerOctetString(dilithiumPrivateKeyParameters.Rho));
                 vPub.Add(new DerOctetString(dilithiumPrivateKeyParameters.T1));
 
diff --git a/crypto/src/pqc/crypto/utils/PqcSubjectPublicKeyInfoFactory.cs b/crypto/src/pqc/crypto/utils/PqcSubjectPublicKeyInfoFactory.cs
index 756308460..672108789 100644
--- a/crypto/src/pqc/crypto/utils/PqcSubjectPublicKeyInfoFactory.cs
+++ b/crypto/src/pqc/crypto/utils/PqcSubjectPublicKeyInfoFactory.cs
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Pqc.Crypto.Utilities
             {
                 AlgorithmIdentifier algorithmIdentifier = new AlgorithmIdentifier(
                     PqcUtilities.KyberOidLookup(kyberPublicKeyParameters.Parameters));
-                Asn1EncodableVector v = new Asn1EncodableVector();
+                Asn1EncodableVector v = new Asn1EncodableVector(2);
                 v.Add(new DerOctetString(kyberPublicKeyParameters.T));
                 v.Add(new DerOctetString(kyberPublicKeyParameters.Rho));
                 return new SubjectPublicKeyInfo(algorithmIdentifier, new DerSequence(v));