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# Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
# Copyright 2020-2021 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
import logging
from io import BytesIO
from types import TracebackType
from typing import Optional, Tuple, Type
from PIL import Image
from synapse.logging.opentracing import trace
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
EXIF_ORIENTATION_TAG = 0x0112
EXIF_TRANSPOSE_MAPPINGS = {
2: Image.FLIP_LEFT_RIGHT,
3: Image.ROTATE_180,
4: Image.FLIP_TOP_BOTTOM,
5: Image.TRANSPOSE,
6: Image.ROTATE_270,
7: Image.TRANSVERSE,
8: Image.ROTATE_90,
}
class ThumbnailError(Exception):
"""An error occurred generating a thumbnail."""
class Thumbnailer:
FORMATS = {"image/jpeg": "JPEG", "image/png": "PNG"}
@staticmethod
def set_limits(max_image_pixels: int) -> None:
Image.MAX_IMAGE_PIXELS = max_image_pixels
def __init__(self, input_path: str):
# Have we closed the image?
self._closed = False
try:
self.image = Image.open(input_path)
except OSError as e:
# If an error occurs opening the image, a thumbnail won't be able to
# be generated.
raise ThumbnailError from e
except Image.DecompressionBombError as e:
# If an image decompression bomb error occurs opening the image,
# then the image exceeds the pixel limit and a thumbnail won't
# be able to be generated.
raise ThumbnailError from e
self.width, self.height = self.image.size
self.transpose_method = None
try:
# We don't use ImageOps.exif_transpose since it crashes with big EXIF
#
# Ignore safety: Pillow seems to acknowledge that this method is
# "private, experimental, but generally widely used". Pillow 6
# includes a public getexif() method (no underscore) that we might
# consider using instead when we can bump that dependency.
#
# At the time of writing, Debian buster (currently oldstable)
# provides version 5.4.1. It's expected to EOL in mid-2022, see
# https://wiki.debian.org/DebianReleases#Production_Releases
image_exif = self.image._getexif() # type: ignore
if image_exif is not None:
image_orientation = image_exif.get(EXIF_ORIENTATION_TAG)
assert type(image_orientation) is int
self.transpose_method = EXIF_TRANSPOSE_MAPPINGS.get(image_orientation)
except Exception as e:
# A lot of parsing errors can happen when parsing EXIF
logger.info("Error parsing image EXIF information: %s", e)
@trace
def transpose(self) -> Tuple[int, int]:
"""Transpose the image using its EXIF Orientation tag
Returns:
A tuple containing the new image size in pixels as (width, height).
"""
if self.transpose_method is not None:
# Safety: `transpose` takes an int rather than e.g. an IntEnum.
# self.transpose_method is set above to be a value in
# EXIF_TRANSPOSE_MAPPINGS, and that only contains correct values.
with self.image:
self.image = self.image.transpose(self.transpose_method) # type: ignore[arg-type]
self.width, self.height = self.image.size
self.transpose_method = None
# We don't need EXIF any more
self.image.info["exif"] = None
return self.image.size
def aspect(self, max_width: int, max_height: int) -> Tuple[int, int]:
"""Calculate the largest size that preserves aspect ratio which
fits within the given rectangle::
(w_in / h_in) = (w_out / h_out)
w_out = max(min(w_max, h_max * (w_in / h_in)), 1)
h_out = max(min(h_max, w_max * (h_in / w_in)), 1)
Args:
max_width: The largest possible width.
max_height: The largest possible height.
"""
if max_width * self.height < max_height * self.width:
return max_width, max((max_width * self.height) // self.width, 1)
else:
return max((max_height * self.width) // self.height, 1), max_height
def _resize(self, width: int, height: int) -> Image.Image:
# 1-bit or 8-bit color palette images need converting to RGB
# otherwise they will be scaled using nearest neighbour which
# looks awful.
#
# If the image has transparency, use RGBA instead.
if self.image.mode in ["1", "L", "P"]:
if self.image.info.get("transparency", None) is not None:
with self.image:
self.image = self.image.convert("RGBA")
else:
with self.image:
self.image = self.image.convert("RGB")
return self.image.resize((width, height), Image.LANCZOS)
@trace
def scale(self, width: int, height: int, output_type: str) -> BytesIO:
"""Rescales the image to the given dimensions.
Returns:
The bytes of the encoded image ready to be written to disk
"""
with self._resize(width, height) as scaled:
return self._encode_image(scaled, output_type)
@trace
def crop(self, width: int, height: int, output_type: str) -> BytesIO:
"""Rescales and crops the image to the given dimensions preserving
aspect::
(w_in / h_in) = (w_scaled / h_scaled)
w_scaled = max(w_out, h_out * (w_in / h_in))
h_scaled = max(h_out, w_out * (h_in / w_in))
Args:
max_width: The largest possible width.
max_height: The largest possible height.
Returns:
The bytes of the encoded image ready to be written to disk
"""
if width * self.height > height * self.width:
scaled_width = width
scaled_height = (width * self.height) // self.width
crop_top = (scaled_height - height) // 2
crop_bottom = height + crop_top
crop = (0, crop_top, width, crop_bottom)
else:
scaled_width = (height * self.width) // self.height
scaled_height = height
crop_left = (scaled_width - width) // 2
crop_right = width + crop_left
crop = (crop_left, 0, crop_right, height)
with self._resize(scaled_width, scaled_height) as scaled_image:
with scaled_image.crop(crop) as cropped:
return self._encode_image(cropped, output_type)
def _encode_image(self, output_image: Image.Image, output_type: str) -> BytesIO:
output_bytes_io = BytesIO()
fmt = self.FORMATS[output_type]
if fmt == "JPEG":
output_image = output_image.convert("RGB")
output_image.save(output_bytes_io, fmt, quality=80)
return output_bytes_io
def close(self) -> None:
"""Closes the underlying image file.
Once closed no other functions can be called.
Can be called multiple times.
"""
if self._closed:
return
self._closed = True
# Since we run this on the finalizer then we need to handle `__init__`
# raising an exception before it can define `self.image`.
image = getattr(self, "image", None)
if image is None:
return
image.close()
def __enter__(self) -> "Thumbnailer":
"""Make `Thumbnailer` a context manager that calls `close` on
`__exit__`.
"""
return self
def __exit__(
self,
type: Optional[Type[BaseException]],
value: Optional[BaseException],
traceback: Optional[TracebackType],
) -> None:
self.close()
def __del__(self) -> None:
# Make sure we actually do close the image, rather than leak data.
self.close()
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