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<h1 id="managing-dependencies-with-poetry"><a class="header" href="#managing-dependencies-with-poetry">Managing dependencies with Poetry</a></h1>
<p>This is a quick cheat sheet for developers on how to use <a href="https://python-poetry.org/"><code>poetry</code></a>.</p>
<h1 id="background"><a class="header" href="#background">Background</a></h1>
<p>Synapse uses a variety of third-party Python packages to function as a homeserver.
Some of these are direct dependencies, listed in <code>pyproject.toml</code> under the
<code>[tool.poetry.dependencies]</code> section. The rest are transitive dependencies (the
things that our direct dependencies themselves depend on, and so on recursively.)</p>
<p>We maintain a locked list of all our dependencies (transitive included) so that
we can track exactly which version of each dependency appears in a given release.
See <a href="https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/11537#issue-1074469665">here</a>
for discussion of why we wanted this for Synapse. We chose to use
<a href="https://python-poetry.org/"><code>poetry</code></a> to manage this locked list; see
<a href="https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/11537#issuecomment-1015975819">this comment</a>
for the reasoning.</p>
<p>The locked dependencies get included in our "self-contained" releases: namely,
our docker images and our debian packages. We also use the locked dependencies
in development and our continuous integration.</p>
<p>Separately, our "broad" dependencies—the version ranges specified in
<code>pyproject.toml</code>—are included as metadata in our "sdists" and "wheels" <a href="https://pypi.org/project/matrix-synapse">uploaded
to PyPI</a>. Installing from PyPI or from
the Synapse source tree directly will <em>not</em> use the locked dependencies; instead,
they'll pull in the latest version of each package available at install time.</p>
<h2 id="example-dependency"><a class="header" href="#example-dependency">Example dependency</a></h2>
<p>An example may help. We have a broad dependency on
<a href="https://pypi.org/project/phonenumbers/"><code>phonenumbers</code></a>, as declared in
this snippet from pyproject.toml <a href="https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/blob/release-v1.57/pyproject.toml#L133">as of Synapse 1.57</a>:</p>
<pre><code class="language-toml">[tool.poetry.dependencies]
# ...
phonenumbers = ">=8.2.0"
</code></pre>
<p>In our lockfile this is
<a href="https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/blob/dfc7646504cef3e4ff396c36089e1c6f1b1634de/poetry.lock#L679-L685">pinned</a>
to version 8.12.44, even though
<a href="https://pypi.org/project/phonenumbers/#history">newer versions are available</a>.</p>
<pre><code class="language-toml">[[package]]
name = "phonenumbers"
version = "8.12.44"
description = "Python version of Google's common library for parsing, formatting, storing and validating international phone numbers."
category = "main"
optional = false
python-versions = "*"
</code></pre>
<p>The lockfile also includes a
<a href="https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/blob/release-v1.57/poetry.lock#L2178-L2181">cryptographic checksum</a>
of the sdists and wheels provided for this version of <code>phonenumbers</code>.</p>
<pre><code class="language-toml">[metadata.files]
# ...
phonenumbers = [
{file = "phonenumbers-8.12.44-py2.py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:cc1299cf37b309ecab6214297663ab86cb3d64ae37fd5b88e904fe7983a874a6"},
{file = "phonenumbers-8.12.44.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:26cfd0257d1704fe2f88caff2caabb70d16a877b1e65b6aae51f9fbbe10aa8ce"},
]
</code></pre>
<p>We can see this pinned version inside the docker image for that release:</p>
<pre><code>$ docker pull matrixdotorg/synapse:v1.57.0
...
$ docker run --entrypoint pip matrixdotorg/synapse:v1.57.0 show phonenumbers
Name: phonenumbers
Version: 8.12.44
Summary: Python version of Google's common library for parsing, formatting, storing and validating international phone numbers.
Home-page: https://github.com/daviddrysdale/python-phonenumbers
Author: David Drysdale
Author-email: dmd@lurklurk.org
License: Apache License 2.0
Location: /usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages
Requires:
Required-by: matrix-synapse
</code></pre>
<p>Whereas the wheel metadata just contains the broad dependencies:</p>
<pre><code>$ cd /tmp
$ wget https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/ca/5e/d722d572cc5b3092402b783d6b7185901b444427633bd8a6b00ea0dd41b7/matrix_synapse-1.57.0rc1-py3-none-any.whl
...
$ unzip -c matrix_synapse-1.57.0rc1-py3-none-any.whl matrix_synapse-1.57.0rc1.dist-info/METADATA | grep phonenumbers
Requires-Dist: phonenumbers (>=8.2.0)
</code></pre>
<h1 id="tooling-recommendation-direnv"><a class="header" href="#tooling-recommendation-direnv">Tooling recommendation: direnv</a></h1>
<p><a href="https://direnv.net/"><code>direnv</code></a> is a tool for activating environments in your
shell inside a given directory. Its support for poetry is unofficial (a
community wiki recipe only), but works solidly in our experience. We thoroughly
recommend it for daily use. To use it:</p>
<ol>
<li><a href="https://direnv.net/docs/installation.html">Install <code>direnv</code></a> - it's likely
packaged for your system already.</li>
<li>Teach direnv about poetry. The <a href="https://github.com/direnv/direnv/wiki/Python#poetry">shell config here</a>
needs to be added to <code>~/.config/direnv/direnvrc</code> (or more generally <code>$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/direnv/direnvrc</code>).</li>
<li>Mark the synapse checkout as a poetry project: <code>echo layout poetry > .envrc</code>.</li>
<li>Convince yourself that you trust this <code>.envrc</code> configuration and project.
Then formally confirm this to <code>direnv</code> by running <code>direnv allow</code>.</li>
</ol>
<p>Then whenever you navigate to the synapse checkout, you should be able to run
e.g. <code>mypy</code> instead of <code>poetry run mypy</code>; <code>python</code> instead of
<code>poetry run python</code>; and your shell commands will automatically run in the
context of poetry's venv, without having to run <code>poetry shell</code> beforehand.</p>
<h1 id="how-do-i"><a class="header" href="#how-do-i">How do I...</a></h1>
<h2 id="reset-my-venv-to-the-locked-environment"><a class="header" href="#reset-my-venv-to-the-locked-environment">...reset my venv to the locked environment?</a></h2>
<pre><code class="language-shell">poetry install --extras all --remove-untracked
</code></pre>
<h2 id="run-a-command-in-the-poetry-virtualenv"><a class="header" href="#run-a-command-in-the-poetry-virtualenv">...run a command in the <code>poetry</code> virtualenv?</a></h2>
<p>Use <code>poetry run cmd args</code> when you need the python virtualenv context.
To avoid typing <code>poetry run</code> all the time, you can run <code>poetry shell</code>
to start a new shell in the poetry virtualenv context. Within <code>poetry shell</code>,
<code>python</code>, <code>pip</code>, <code>mypy</code>, <code>trial</code>, etc. are all run inside the project virtualenv
and isolated from the rest o the system.</p>
<p>Roughly speaking, the translation from a traditional virtualenv is:</p>
<ul>
<li><code>env/bin/activate</code> -> <code>poetry shell</code>, and</li>
<li><code>deactivate</code> -> close the terminal (Ctrl-D, <code>exit</code>, etc.)</li>
</ul>
<p>See also the direnv recommendation above, which makes <code>poetry run</code> and
<code>poetry shell</code> unnecessary.</p>
<h2 id="inspect-the-poetry-virtualenv"><a class="header" href="#inspect-the-poetry-virtualenv">...inspect the <code>poetry</code> virtualenv?</a></h2>
<p>Some suggestions:</p>
<pre><code class="language-shell"># Current env only
poetry env info
# All envs: this allows you to have e.g. a poetry managed venv for Python 3.7,
# and another for Python 3.10.
poetry env list --full-path
poetry run pip list
</code></pre>
<p>Note that <code>poetry show</code> describes the abstract <em>lock file</em> rather than your
on-disk environment. With that said, <code>poetry show --tree</code> can sometimes be
useful.</p>
<h2 id="add-a-new-dependency"><a class="header" href="#add-a-new-dependency">...add a new dependency?</a></h2>
<p>Either:</p>
<ul>
<li>manually update <code>pyproject.toml</code>; then <code>poetry lock --no-update</code>; or else</li>
<li><code>poetry add packagename</code>. See <code>poetry add --help</code>; note the <code>--dev</code>,
<code>--extras</code> and <code>--optional</code> flags in particular.
<ul>
<li><strong>NB</strong>: this specifies the new package with a version given by a "caret bound". This won't get forced to its lowest version in the old deps CI job: see <a href="https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/blob/4e1374373857f2f7a911a31c50476342d9070681/.ci/scripts/test_old_deps.sh#L35-L39">this TODO</a>.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p>Include the updated <code>pyproject.toml</code> and <code>poetry.lock</code> files in your commit.</p>
<h2 id="remove-a-dependency"><a class="header" href="#remove-a-dependency">...remove a dependency?</a></h2>
<p>This is not done often and is untested, but</p>
<pre><code class="language-shell">poetry remove packagename
</code></pre>
<p>ought to do the trick. Alternatively, manually update <code>pyproject.toml</code> and
<code>poetry lock --no-update</code>. Include the updated <code>pyproject.toml</code> and poetry.lock`
files in your commit.</p>
<h2 id="update-the-version-range-for-an-existing-dependency"><a class="header" href="#update-the-version-range-for-an-existing-dependency">...update the version range for an existing dependency?</a></h2>
<p>Best done by manually editing <code>pyproject.toml</code>, then <code>poetry lock --no-update</code>.
Include the updated <code>pyproject.toml</code> and <code>poetry.lock</code> in your commit.</p>
<h2 id="update-a-dependency-in-the-locked-environment"><a class="header" href="#update-a-dependency-in-the-locked-environment">...update a dependency in the locked environment?</a></h2>
<p>Use</p>
<pre><code class="language-shell">poetry update packagename
</code></pre>
<p>to use the latest version of <code>packagename</code> in the locked environment, without
affecting the broad dependencies listed in the wheel.</p>
<p>There doesn't seem to be a way to do this whilst locking a <em>specific</em> version of
<code>packagename</code>. We can workaround this (crudely) as follows:</p>
<pre><code class="language-shell">poetry add packagename==1.2.3
# This should update pyproject.lock.
# Now undo the changes to pyproject.toml. For example
# git restore pyproject.toml
# Get poetry to recompute the content-hash of pyproject.toml without changing
# the locked package versions.
poetry lock --no-update
</code></pre>
<p>Either way, include the updated <code>poetry.lock</code> file in your commit.</p>
<h2 id="export-a-requirementstxt-file"><a class="header" href="#export-a-requirementstxt-file">...export a <code>requirements.txt</code> file?</a></h2>
<pre><code class="language-shell">poetry export --extras all
</code></pre>
<p>Be wary of bugs in <code>poetry export</code> and <code>pip install -r requirements.txt</code>.</p>
<p>Note: <code>poetry export</code> will be made a plugin in Poetry 1.2. Additional config may
be required.</p>
<h2 id="build-a-test-wheel"><a class="header" href="#build-a-test-wheel">...build a test wheel?</a></h2>
<p>I usually use</p>
<pre><code class="language-shell">poetry run pip install build && poetry run python -m build
</code></pre>
<p>because <a href="https://github.com/pypa/build"><code>build</code></a> is a standardish tool which
doesn't require poetry. (It's what we use in CI too). However, you could try
<code>poetry build</code> too.</p>
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