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+
+                        <h1 id="overview"><a class="header" href="#overview">Overview</a></h1>
+<p>This document explains how to enable VoIP relaying on your homeserver with
+TURN.</p>
+<p>The synapse Matrix homeserver supports integration with TURN server via the
+<a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-uberti-behave-turn-rest-00">TURN server REST API</a>. This
+allows the homeserver to generate credentials that are valid for use on the
+TURN server through the use of a secret shared between the homeserver and the
+TURN server.</p>
+<p>This documentation provides two TURN server configuration examples:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="setup/turn/coturn.html">coturn</a></li>
+<li><a href="setup/turn/eturnal.html">eturnal</a></li>
+</ul>
+<h2 id="requirements"><a class="header" href="#requirements">Requirements</a></h2>
+<p>For TURN relaying to work, the TURN service must be hosted on a server/endpoint with a public IP.</p>
+<p>Hosting TURN behind NAT requires port forwarding and for the NAT gateway to have a public IP.
+However, even with appropriate configuration, NAT is known to cause issues and to often not work.</p>
+<p>Afterwards, the homeserver needs some further configuration.</p>
+<h2 id="synapse-setup"><a class="header" href="#synapse-setup">Synapse setup</a></h2>
+<p>Your homeserver configuration file needs the following extra keys:</p>
+<ol>
+<li><a href="usage/configuration/config_documentation.html#turn_uris"><code>turn_uris</code></a></li>
+<li><a href="usage/configuration/config_documentation.html#turn_shared_secret"><code>turn_shared_secret</code></a></li>
+<li><a href="usage/configuration/config_documentation.html#turn_user_lifetime"><code>turn_user_lifetime</code></a></li>
+<li><a href="usage/configuration/config_documentation.html#turn_allow_guests"><code>turn_allow_guests</code></a></li>
+</ol>
+<p>As an example, here is the relevant section of the config file for <code>matrix.org</code>. The
+<code>turn_uris</code> are appropriate for TURN servers listening on the default ports, with no TLS.</p>
+<pre><code>turn_uris: [ &quot;turn:turn.matrix.org?transport=udp&quot;, &quot;turn:turn.matrix.org?transport=tcp&quot; ]
+turn_shared_secret: &quot;n0t4ctuAllymatr1Xd0TorgSshar3d5ecret4obvIousreAsons&quot;
+turn_user_lifetime: 86400000
+turn_allow_guests: true
+</code></pre>
+<p>After updating the homeserver configuration, you must restart synapse:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>If you use synctl:
+<pre><code class="language-sh"># Depending on how Synapse is installed, synctl may already be on
+# your PATH. If not, you may need to activate a virtual environment.
+synctl restart
+</code></pre>
+</li>
+<li>If you use systemd:
+<pre><code class="language-sh">systemctl restart matrix-synapse.service
+</code></pre>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<p>... and then reload any clients (or wait an hour for them to refresh their
+settings).</p>
+<h2 id="troubleshooting"><a class="header" href="#troubleshooting">Troubleshooting</a></h2>
+<p>The normal symptoms of a misconfigured TURN server are that calls between
+devices on different networks ring, but get stuck at &quot;call
+connecting&quot;. Unfortunately, troubleshooting this can be tricky.</p>
+<p>Here are a few things to try:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Check that you have opened your firewall to allow TCP and UDP traffic to the
+TURN ports (normally 3478 and 5349).</p>
+</li>
+<li>
+<p>Check that you have opened your firewall to allow UDP traffic to the UDP
+relay ports (49152-65535 by default).</p>
+</li>
+<li>
+<p>Try disabling TLS/DTLS listeners and enable only its (unencrypted)
+TCP/UDP listeners. (This will only leave signaling traffic unencrypted;
+voice &amp; video WebRTC traffic is always encrypted.)</p>
+</li>
+<li>
+<p>Some WebRTC implementations (notably, that of Google Chrome) appear to get
+confused by TURN servers which are reachable over IPv6 (this appears to be
+an unexpected side-effect of its handling of multiple IP addresses as
+defined by
+<a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-rtcweb-ip-handling-12"><code>draft-ietf-rtcweb-ip-handling</code></a>).</p>
+<p>Try removing any AAAA records for your TURN server, so that it is only
+reachable over IPv4.</p>
+</li>
+<li>
+<p>If your TURN server is behind NAT:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>double-check that your NAT gateway is correctly forwarding all TURN
+ports (normally 3478 &amp; 5349 for TCP &amp; UDP TURN traffic, and 49152-65535 for the UDP
+relay) to the NAT-internal address of your TURN server. If advertising
+both IPv4 and IPv6 external addresses via the <code>external-ip</code> option, ensure
+that the NAT is forwarding both IPv4 and IPv6 traffic to the IPv4 and IPv6
+internal addresses of your TURN server. When in doubt, remove AAAA records
+for your TURN server and specify only an IPv4 address as your <code>external-ip</code>.</p>
+</li>
+<li>
+<p>ensure that your TURN server uses the NAT gateway as its default route.</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li>
+<p>Enable more verbose logging, in <code>coturn</code> via the <code>verbose</code> setting:</p>
+<pre><code>verbose
+</code></pre>
+<p>or with <code>eturnal</code> with the shell command <code>eturnalctl loglevel debug</code> or in the configuration file (the service needs to <a href="https://eturnal.net/documentation/#Operation">reload</a> for it to become effective):</p>
+<pre><code class="language-yaml">    ## Logging configuration:
+        log_level: debug
+</code></pre>
+<p>... and then see if there are any clues in its logs.</p>
+</li>
+<li>
+<p>If you are using a browser-based client under Chrome, check
+<code>chrome://webrtc-internals/</code> for insights into the internals of the
+negotiation. On Firefox, check the &quot;Connection Log&quot; on <code>about:webrtc</code>.</p>
+<p>(Understanding the output is beyond the scope of this document!)</p>
+</li>
+<li>
+<p>You can test your Matrix homeserver TURN setup with <a href="https://test.voip.librepush.net/">https://test.voip.librepush.net/</a>.
+Note that this test is not fully reliable yet, so don't be discouraged if
+the test fails.
+<a href="https://github.com/matrix-org/voip-tester">Here</a> is the github repo of the
+source of the tester, where you can file bug reports.</p>
+</li>
+<li>
+<p>There is a WebRTC test tool at
+<a href="https://webrtc.github.io/samples/src/content/peerconnection/trickle-ice/">https://webrtc.github.io/samples/src/content/peerconnection/trickle-ice/</a>. To
+use it, you will need a username/password for your TURN server. You can
+either:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>look for the <code>GET /_matrix/client/r0/voip/turnServer</code> request made by a
+matrix client to your homeserver in your browser's network inspector. In
+the response you should see <code>username</code> and <code>password</code>. Or:</p>
+</li>
+<li>
+<p>Use the following shell commands for <code>coturn</code>:</p>
+<pre><code class="language-sh">secret=staticAuthSecretHere
+
+u=$((`date +%s` + 3600)):test
+p=$(echo -n $u | openssl dgst -hmac $secret -sha1 -binary | base64)
+echo -e &quot;username: $u\npassword: $p&quot;
+</code></pre>
+<p>or for <code>eturnal</code></p>
+<pre><code class="language-sh">eturnalctl credentials
+</code></pre>
+</li>
+<li>
+<p>Or (<strong>coturn only</strong>): Temporarily configure <code>coturn</code> to accept a static
+username/password. To do this, comment out <code>use-auth-secret</code> and
+<code>static-auth-secret</code> and add the following:</p>
+<pre><code>lt-cred-mech
+user=username:password
+</code></pre>
+<p><strong>Note</strong>: these settings will not take effect unless <code>use-auth-secret</code>
+and <code>static-auth-secret</code> are disabled.</p>
+<p>Restart coturn after changing the configuration file.</p>
+<p>Remember to restore the original settings to go back to testing with
+Matrix clients!</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<p>If the TURN server is working correctly, you should see at least one <code>relay</code>
+entry in the results.</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
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