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"><a href="usage/configuration/homeserver_sample_config.html">Homeserver Sample Config File</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="usage/configuration/logging_sample_config.html">Logging Sample Config File</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="structured_logging.html">Structured Logging</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="templates.html">Templates</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="usage/configuration/user_authentication/index.html">User Authentication</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="usage/configuration/user_authentication/single_sign_on/index.html">Single-Sign On</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="openid.html">OpenID Connect</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="usage/configuration/user_authentication/single_sign_on/saml.html">SAML</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a 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(Shortkey: s)" aria-label="Toggle Searchbar" aria-expanded="false" aria-keyshortcuts="S" aria-controls="searchbar"> + <i class="fa fa-search"></i> + </button> + + </div> + + <h1 class="menu-title">Synapse</h1> + + <div class="right-buttons"> + + <a href="print.html" title="Print this book" aria-label="Print this book"> + <i id="print-button" class="fa fa-print"></i> + </a> + + + <a href="https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse" title="Git repository" aria-label="Git repository"> + <i id="git-repository-button" class="fa fa-github"></i> + </a> + + + <a href="https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/edit/develop/docs/turn-howto.md" title="Suggest an edit" aria-label="Suggest an edit"> + <i id="git-edit-button" class="fa fa-edit"></i> + </a> + + + </div> + </div> + + + <div id="search-wrapper" class="hidden"> + <form id="searchbar-outer" class="searchbar-outer"> + <input type="search" id="searchbar" name="searchbar" placeholder="Search this book ..." aria-controls="searchresults-outer" aria-describedby="searchresults-header"> + </form> + <div id="searchresults-outer" class="searchresults-outer hidden"> + <div id="searchresults-header" class="searchresults-header"></div> + <ul id="searchresults"> + </ul> + </div> + </div> + + + <!-- Apply ARIA attributes after the sidebar and the sidebar toggle button are added to the DOM --> + <script type="text/javascript"> + document.getElementById('sidebar-toggle').setAttribute('aria-expanded', sidebar === 'visible'); + document.getElementById('sidebar').setAttribute('aria-hidden', sidebar !== 'visible'); + Array.from(document.querySelectorAll('#sidebar a')).forEach(function(link) { + link.setAttribute('tabIndex', sidebar === 'visible' ? 0 : -1); + }); + </script> + + <div id="content" class="content"> + <main> + <!-- Page table of contents --> + <div class="sidetoc"> + <nav class="pagetoc"></nav> + </div> + + <h1 id="overview"><a class="header" href="#overview">Overview</a></h1> +<p>This document explains how to enable VoIP relaying on your homeserver with +TURN.</p> +<p>The synapse Matrix homeserver supports integration with TURN server via the +<a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-uberti-behave-turn-rest-00">TURN server REST API</a>. This +allows the homeserver to generate credentials that are valid for use on the +TURN server through the use of a secret shared between the homeserver and the +TURN server.</p> +<p>The following sections describe how to install <a href="https://github.com/coturn/coturn">coturn</a> (which implements the TURN REST API) and integrate it with synapse.</p> +<h2 id="requirements"><a class="header" href="#requirements">Requirements</a></h2> +<p>For TURN relaying with <code>coturn</code> to work, it must be hosted on a server/endpoint with a public IP.</p> +<p>Hosting TURN behind NAT requires port forwaring and for the NAT gateway to have a public IP. +However, even with appropriate configuration, NAT is known to cause issues and to often not work.</p> +<h2 id="coturn-setup"><a class="header" href="#coturn-setup"><code>coturn</code> setup</a></h2> +<h3 id="initial-installation"><a class="header" href="#initial-installation">Initial installation</a></h3> +<p>The TURN daemon <code>coturn</code> is available from a variety of sources such as native package managers, or installation from source.</p> +<h4 id="debian-installation"><a class="header" href="#debian-installation">Debian installation</a></h4> +<p>Just install the debian package:</p> +<pre><code class="language-sh">apt install coturn +</code></pre> +<p>This will install and start a systemd service called <code>coturn</code>.</p> +<h4 id="source-installation"><a class="header" href="#source-installation">Source installation</a></h4> +<ol> +<li> +<p>Download the <a href="https://github.com/coturn/coturn/releases/latest">latest release</a> from github. Unpack it and <code>cd</code> into the directory.</p> +</li> +<li> +<p>Configure it:</p> +<pre><code class="language-sh">./configure +</code></pre> +<p>You may need to install <code>libevent2</code>: if so, you should do so in +the way recommended by your operating system. You can ignore +warnings about lack of database support: a database is unnecessary +for this purpose.</p> +</li> +<li> +<p>Build and install it:</p> +<pre><code class="language-sh">make +make install +</code></pre> +</li> +</ol> +<h3 id="configuration"><a class="header" href="#configuration">Configuration</a></h3> +<ol> +<li> +<p>Create or edit the config file in <code>/etc/turnserver.conf</code>. The relevant +lines, with example values, are:</p> +<pre><code>use-auth-secret +static-auth-secret=[your secret key here] +realm=turn.myserver.org +</code></pre> +<p>See <code>turnserver.conf</code> for explanations of the options. One way to generate +the <code>static-auth-secret</code> is with <code>pwgen</code>:</p> +<pre><code class="language-sh">pwgen -s 64 1 +</code></pre> +<p>A <code>realm</code> must be specified, but its value is somewhat arbitrary. (It is +sent to clients as part of the authentication flow.) It is conventional to +set it to be your server name.</p> +</li> +<li> +<p>You will most likely want to configure coturn to write logs somewhere. The +easiest way is normally to send them to the syslog:</p> +<pre><code class="language-sh">syslog +</code></pre> +<p>(in which case, the logs will be available via <code>journalctl -u coturn</code> on a +systemd system). Alternatively, coturn can be configured to write to a +logfile - check the example config file supplied with coturn.</p> +</li> +<li> +<p>Consider your security settings. TURN lets users request a relay which will +connect to arbitrary IP addresses and ports. The following configuration is +suggested as a minimum starting point:</p> +<pre><code># VoIP traffic is all UDP. There is no reason to let users connect to arbitrary TCP endpoints via the relay. +no-tcp-relay + +# don't let the relay ever try to connect to private IP address ranges within your network (if any) +# given the turn server is likely behind your firewall, remember to include any privileged public IPs too. +denied-peer-ip=10.0.0.0-10.255.255.255 +denied-peer-ip=192.168.0.0-192.168.255.255 +denied-peer-ip=172.16.0.0-172.31.255.255 + +# recommended additional local peers to block, to mitigate external access to internal services. +# https://www.rtcsec.com/article/slack-webrtc-turn-compromise-and-bug-bounty/#how-to-fix-an-open-turn-relay-to-address-this-vulnerability +no-multicast-peers +denied-peer-ip=0.0.0.0-0.255.255.255 +denied-peer-ip=100.64.0.0-100.127.255.255 +denied-peer-ip=127.0.0.0-127.255.255.255 +denied-peer-ip=169.254.0.0-169.254.255.255 +denied-peer-ip=192.0.0.0-192.0.0.255 +denied-peer-ip=192.0.2.0-192.0.2.255 +denied-peer-ip=192.88.99.0-192.88.99.255 +denied-peer-ip=198.18.0.0-198.19.255.255 +denied-peer-ip=198.51.100.0-198.51.100.255 +denied-peer-ip=203.0.113.0-203.0.113.255 +denied-peer-ip=240.0.0.0-255.255.255.255 + +# special case the turn server itself so that client->TURN->TURN->client flows work +# this should be one of the turn server's listening IPs +allowed-peer-ip=10.0.0.1 + +# consider whether you want to limit the quota of relayed streams per user (or total) to avoid risk of DoS. +user-quota=12 # 4 streams per video call, so 12 streams = 3 simultaneous relayed calls per user. +total-quota=1200 +</code></pre> +</li> +<li> +<p>Also consider supporting TLS/DTLS. To do this, add the following settings +to <code>turnserver.conf</code>:</p> +<pre><code># TLS certificates, including intermediate certs. +# For Let's Encrypt certificates, use `fullchain.pem` here. +cert=/path/to/fullchain.pem + +# TLS private key file +pkey=/path/to/privkey.pem + +# Ensure the configuration lines that disable TLS/DTLS are commented-out or removed +#no-tls +#no-dtls +</code></pre> +<p>In this case, replace the <code>turn:</code> schemes in the <code>turn_uris</code> settings below +with <code>turns:</code>.</p> +<p>We recommend that you only try to set up TLS/DTLS once you have set up a +basic installation and got it working.</p> +<p>NB: If your TLS certificate was provided by Let's Encrypt, TLS/DTLS will +not work with any Matrix client that uses Chromium's WebRTC library. This +currently includes Element Android & iOS; for more details, see their +<a href="https://github.com/vector-im/element-android/issues/1533">respective</a> +<a href="https://github.com/vector-im/element-ios/issues/2712">issues</a> as well as the underlying +<a href="https://bugs.chromium.org/p/webrtc/issues/detail?id=11710">WebRTC issue</a>. +Consider using a ZeroSSL certificate for your TURN server as a working alternative.</p> +</li> +<li> +<p>Ensure your firewall allows traffic into the TURN server on the ports +you've configured it to listen on (By default: 3478 and 5349 for TURN +traffic (remember to allow both TCP and UDP traffic), and ports 49152-65535 +for the UDP relay.)</p> +</li> +<li> +<p>If your TURN server is behind NAT, the NAT gateway must have an external, +publicly-reachable IP address. You must configure coturn to advertise that +address to connecting clients:</p> +<pre><code>external-ip=EXTERNAL_NAT_IPv4_ADDRESS +</code></pre> +<p>You may optionally limit the TURN server to listen only on the local +address that is mapped by NAT to the external address:</p> +<pre><code>listening-ip=INTERNAL_TURNSERVER_IPv4_ADDRESS +</code></pre> +<p>If your NAT gateway is reachable over both IPv4 and IPv6, you may +configure coturn to advertise each available address:</p> +<pre><code>external-ip=EXTERNAL_NAT_IPv4_ADDRESS +external-ip=EXTERNAL_NAT_IPv6_ADDRESS +</code></pre> +<p>When advertising an external IPv6 address, ensure that the firewall and +network settings of the system running your TURN server are configured to +accept IPv6 traffic, and that the TURN server is listening on the local +IPv6 address that is mapped by NAT to the external IPv6 address.</p> +</li> +<li> +<p>(Re)start the turn server:</p> +<ul> +<li> +<p>If you used the Debian package (or have set up a systemd unit yourself):</p> +<pre><code class="language-sh">systemctl restart coturn +</code></pre> +</li> +<li> +<p>If you installed from source:</p> +<pre><code class="language-sh">bin/turnserver -o +</code></pre> +</li> +</ul> +</li> +</ol> +<h2 id="synapse-setup"><a class="header" href="#synapse-setup">Synapse setup</a></h2> +<p>Your homeserver configuration file needs the following extra keys:</p> +<ol> +<li>"<code>turn_uris</code>": This needs to be a yaml list of public-facing URIs +for your TURN server to be given out to your clients. Add separate +entries for each transport your TURN server supports.</li> +<li>"<code>turn_shared_secret</code>": This is the secret shared between your +homeserver and your TURN server, so you should set it to the same +string you used in turnserver.conf.</li> +<li>"<code>turn_user_lifetime</code>": This is the amount of time credentials +generated by your homeserver are valid for (in milliseconds). +Shorter times offer less potential for abuse at the expense of +increased traffic between web clients and your homeserver to +refresh credentials. The TURN REST API specification recommends +one day (86400000).</li> +<li>"<code>turn_allow_guests</code>": Whether to allow guest users to use the +TURN server. This is enabled by default, as otherwise VoIP will +not work reliably for guests. However, it does introduce a +security risk as it lets guests connect to arbitrary endpoints +without having gone through a CAPTCHA or similar to register a +real account.</li> +</ol> +<p>As an example, here is the relevant section of the config file for <code>matrix.org</code>. The +<code>turn_uris</code> are appropriate for TURN servers listening on the default ports, with no TLS.</p> +<pre><code>turn_uris: [ "turn:turn.matrix.org?transport=udp", "turn:turn.matrix.org?transport=tcp" ] +turn_shared_secret: "n0t4ctuAllymatr1Xd0TorgSshar3d5ecret4obvIousreAsons" +turn_user_lifetime: 86400000 +turn_allow_guests: True +</code></pre> +<p>After updating the homeserver configuration, you must restart synapse:</p> +<ul> +<li>If you use synctl: +<pre><code class="language-sh">cd /where/you/run/synapse +./synctl restart +</code></pre> +</li> +<li>If you use systemd: +<pre><code class="language-sh">systemctl restart matrix-synapse.service +</code></pre> +</li> +</ul> +<p>... and then reload any clients (or wait an hour for them to refresh their +settings).</p> +<h2 id="troubleshooting"><a class="header" href="#troubleshooting">Troubleshooting</a></h2> +<p>The normal symptoms of a misconfigured TURN server are that calls between +devices on different networks ring, but get stuck at "call +connecting". Unfortunately, troubleshooting this can be tricky.</p> +<p>Here are a few things to try:</p> +<ul> +<li> +<p>Check that you have opened your firewall to allow TCP and UDP traffic to the +TURN ports (normally 3478 and 5349).</p> +</li> +<li> +<p>Check that you have opened your firewall to allow UDP traffic to the UDP +relay ports (49152-65535 by default).</p> +</li> +<li> +<p>Try disabling <code>coturn</code>'s TLS/DTLS listeners and enable only its (unencrypted) +TCP/UDP listeners. (This will only leave signaling traffic unencrypted; +voice & video WebRTC traffic is always encrypted.)</p> +</li> +<li> +<p>Some WebRTC implementations (notably, that of Google Chrome) appear to get +confused by TURN servers which are reachable over IPv6 (this appears to be +an unexpected side-effect of its handling of multiple IP addresses as +defined by +<a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-rtcweb-ip-handling-12"><code>draft-ietf-rtcweb-ip-handling</code></a>).</p> +<p>Try removing any AAAA records for your TURN server, so that it is only +reachable over IPv4.</p> +</li> +<li> +<p>If your TURN server is behind NAT:</p> +<ul> +<li> +<p>double-check that your NAT gateway is correctly forwarding all TURN +ports (normally 3478 & 5349 for TCP & UDP TURN traffic, and 49152-65535 for the UDP +relay) to the NAT-internal address of your TURN server. If advertising +both IPv4 and IPv6 external addresses via the <code>external-ip</code> option, ensure +that the NAT is forwarding both IPv4 and IPv6 traffic to the IPv4 and IPv6 +internal addresses of your TURN server. When in doubt, remove AAAA records +for your TURN server and specify only an IPv4 address as your <code>external-ip</code>.</p> +</li> +<li> +<p>ensure that your TURN server uses the NAT gateway as its default route.</p> +</li> +</ul> +</li> +<li> +<p>Enable more verbose logging in coturn via the <code>verbose</code> setting:</p> +<pre><code>verbose +</code></pre> +<p>... and then see if there are any clues in its logs.</p> +</li> +<li> +<p>If you are using a browser-based client under Chrome, check +<code>chrome://webrtc-internals/</code> for insights into the internals of the +negotiation. On Firefox, check the "Connection Log" on <code>about:webrtc</code>.</p> +<p>(Understanding the output is beyond the scope of this document!)</p> +</li> +<li> +<p>You can test your Matrix homeserver TURN setup with https://test.voip.librepush.net/. +Note that this test is not fully reliable yet, so don't be discouraged if +the test fails. +<a href="https://github.com/matrix-org/voip-tester">Here</a> is the github repo of the +source of the tester, where you can file bug reports.</p> +</li> +<li> +<p>There is a WebRTC test tool at +https://webrtc.github.io/samples/src/content/peerconnection/trickle-ice/. To +use it, you will need a username/password for your TURN server. You can +either:</p> +<ul> +<li> +<p>look for the <code>GET /_matrix/client/r0/voip/turnServer</code> request made by a +matrix client to your homeserver in your browser's network inspector. In +the response you should see <code>username</code> and <code>password</code>. Or:</p> +</li> +<li> +<p>Use the following shell commands:</p> +<pre><code class="language-sh">secret=staticAuthSecretHere + +u=$((`date +%s` + 3600)):test +p=$(echo -n $u | openssl dgst -hmac $secret -sha1 -binary | base64) +echo -e "username: $u\npassword: $p" +</code></pre> +<p>Or:</p> +</li> +<li> +<p>Temporarily configure coturn to accept a static username/password. To do +this, comment out <code>use-auth-secret</code> and <code>static-auth-secret</code> and add the +following:</p> +<pre><code>lt-cred-mech +user=username:password +</code></pre> +<p><strong>Note</strong>: these settings will not take effect unless <code>use-auth-secret</code> +and <code>static-auth-secret</code> are disabled.</p> +<p>Restart coturn after changing the configuration file.</p> +<p>Remember to restore the original settings to go back to testing with +Matrix clients!</p> +</li> +</ul> +<p>If the TURN server is working correctly, you should see at least one <code>relay</code> +entry in the results.</p> +</li> +</ul> + + </main> + + <nav class="nav-wrapper" aria-label="Page navigation"> + <!-- Mobile navigation buttons --> + + <a rel="prev" href="setup/forward_proxy.html" class="mobile-nav-chapters previous" title="Previous chapter" aria-label="Previous chapter" aria-keyshortcuts="Left"> + <i class="fa fa-angle-left"></i> + </a> + + + + <a rel="next" href="delegate.html" class="mobile-nav-chapters next" title="Next chapter" aria-label="Next chapter" aria-keyshortcuts="Right"> + <i class="fa fa-angle-right"></i> + </a> + + + <div style="clear: both"></div> + </nav> + </div> + </div> + + <nav class="nav-wide-wrapper" aria-label="Page navigation"> + + <a rel="prev" href="setup/forward_proxy.html" class="nav-chapters previous" title="Previous chapter" aria-label="Previous chapter" aria-keyshortcuts="Left"> + <i class="fa fa-angle-left"></i> + </a> + + + + <a rel="next" href="delegate.html" class="nav-chapters next" title="Next chapter" aria-label="Next chapter" aria-keyshortcuts="Right"> + <i class="fa fa-angle-right"></i> + </a> + + </nav> + + </div> + + + + + + + + + <script type="text/javascript"> + window.playground_copyable = true; + </script> + + + + + + <script src="elasticlunr.min.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script> + <script src="mark.min.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script> + <script src="searcher.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script> + + + <script src="clipboard.min.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script> + <script src="highlight.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script> + <script src="book.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script> + + <!-- Custom JS scripts --> + + <script type="text/javascript" src="docs/website_files/table-of-contents.js"></script> + + + + + </body> +</html> \ No newline at end of file |