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diff --git a/v1.49/MSC1711_certificates_FAQ.html b/v1.49/MSC1711_certificates_FAQ.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d28ff84e3a --- /dev/null +++ b/v1.49/MSC1711_certificates_FAQ.html @@ -0,0 +1,531 @@ +<!DOCTYPE HTML> +<html lang="en" class="sidebar-visible no-js light"> + <head> + <!-- Book generated using mdBook --> + <meta charset="UTF-8"> + <title>Upgrading from pre-Synapse 1.0 - Synapse</title> + + + + + <!-- Custom HTML head --> + + + + <meta content="text/html; charset=utf-8" http-equiv="Content-Type"> + <meta name="description" content=""> + <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> + <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff" /> + + + <link rel="icon" href="favicon.svg"> + + + <link rel="shortcut icon" href="favicon.png"> + + <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/variables.css"> + <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/general.css"> + <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/chrome.css"> + + <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/print.css" media="print"> + + + <!-- Fonts --> + <link rel="stylesheet" href="FontAwesome/css/font-awesome.css"> + + <link rel="stylesheet" href="fonts/fonts.css"> + + + <!-- Highlight.js Stylesheets --> + <link rel="stylesheet" href="highlight.css"> + <link rel="stylesheet" href="tomorrow-night.css"> + <link rel="stylesheet" href="ayu-highlight.css"> + + <!-- Custom theme stylesheets --> + + <link rel="stylesheet" href="docs/website_files/table-of-contents.css"> + + <link rel="stylesheet" href="docs/website_files/remove-nav-buttons.css"> + + <link rel="stylesheet" href="docs/website_files/indent-section-headers.css"> + + + + </head> + <body> + <!-- Provide site root to javascript --> + <script type="text/javascript"> + var path_to_root = ""; + var default_theme = window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: dark)").matches ? 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Specifically, +<a href="https://github.com/matrix-org/matrix-doc/blob/main/proposals/1711-x509-for-federation.md">MSC1711</a> +required that all servers present valid TLS certificates on their federation +API. Admins were encouraged to achieve compliance from version 0.99.0 (released +in February 2019) ahead of version 1.0 (released June 2019) enforcing the +certificate checks.</p> +<p>Much of what follows is now outdated since most admins will have already +upgraded, however it may be of use to those with old installs returning to the +project.</p> +<p>If you are setting up a server from scratch you almost certainly should look at +the <a href="setup/installation.html">installation guide</a> instead.</p> +<h2 id="introduction"><a class="header" href="#introduction">Introduction</a></h2> +<p>The goal of Synapse 0.99.0 is to act as a stepping stone to Synapse 1.0.0. It +supports the r0.1 release of the server to server specification, but is +compatible with both the legacy Matrix federation behaviour (pre-r0.1) as well +as post-r0.1 behaviour, in order to allow for a smooth upgrade across the +federation.</p> +<p>The most important thing to know is that Synapse 1.0.0 will require a valid TLS +certificate on federation endpoints. Self signed certificates will not be +sufficient.</p> +<p>Synapse 0.99.0 makes it easy to configure TLS certificates and will +interoperate with both >= 1.0.0 servers as well as existing servers yet to +upgrade.</p> +<p><strong>It is critical that all admins upgrade to 0.99.0 and configure a valid TLS +certificate.</strong> Admins will have 1 month to do so, after which 1.0.0 will be +released and those servers without a valid certificate will not longer be able +to federate with >= 1.0.0 servers.</p> +<p>Full details on how to carry out this configuration change is given +<a href="#configuring-certificates-for-compatibility-with-synapse-100">below</a>. A +timeline and some frequently asked questions are also given below.</p> +<p>For more details and context on the release of the r0.1 Server/Server API and +imminent Matrix 1.0 release, you can also see our +<a href="https://matrix.org/blog/2019/02/04/matrix-at-fosdem-2019/">main talk from FOSDEM 2019</a>.</p> +<h2 id="contents"><a class="header" href="#contents">Contents</a></h2> +<ul> +<li>Timeline</li> +<li>Configuring certificates for compatibility with Synapse 1.0</li> +<li>FAQ +<ul> +<li>Synapse 0.99.0 has just been released, what do I need to do right now?</li> +<li>How do I upgrade?</li> +<li>What will happen if I do not set up a valid federation certificate +immediately?</li> +<li>What will happen if I do nothing at all?</li> +<li>When do I need a SRV record or .well-known URI?</li> +<li>Can I still use an SRV record?</li> +<li>I have created a .well-known URI. Do I still need an SRV record?</li> +<li>It used to work just fine, why are you breaking everything?</li> +<li>Can I manage my own certificates rather than having Synapse renew +certificates itself?</li> +<li>Do you still recommend against using a reverse proxy on the federation port?</li> +<li>Do I still need to give my TLS certificates to Synapse if I am using a +reverse proxy?</li> +<li>Do I need the same certificate for the client and federation port?</li> +<li>How do I tell Synapse to reload my keys/certificates after I replace them?</li> +</ul> +</li> +</ul> +<h2 id="timeline"><a class="header" href="#timeline">Timeline</a></h2> +<p><strong>5th Feb 2019 - Synapse 0.99.0 is released.</strong></p> +<p>All server admins are encouraged to upgrade.</p> +<p>0.99.0:</p> +<ul> +<li> +<p>provides support for ACME to make setting up Let's Encrypt certs easy, as +well as .well-known support.</p> +</li> +<li> +<p>does not enforce that a valid CA cert is present on the federation API, but +rather makes it easy to set one up.</p> +</li> +<li> +<p>provides support for .well-known</p> +</li> +</ul> +<p>Admins should upgrade and configure a valid CA cert. Homeservers that require a +.well-known entry (see below), should retain their SRV record and use it +alongside their .well-known record.</p> +<p><strong>10th June 2019 - Synapse 1.0.0 is released</strong></p> +<p>1.0.0 is scheduled for release on 10th June. In +accordance with the the <a href="https://matrix.org/docs/spec/server_server/r0.1.0.html">S2S spec</a> +1.0.0 will enforce certificate validity. This means that any homeserver without a +valid certificate after this point will no longer be able to federate with +1.0.0 servers.</p> +<h2 id="configuring-certificates-for-compatibility-with-synapse-100"><a class="header" href="#configuring-certificates-for-compatibility-with-synapse-100">Configuring certificates for compatibility with Synapse 1.0.0</a></h2> +<h3 id="if-you-do-not-currently-have-an-srv-record"><a class="header" href="#if-you-do-not-currently-have-an-srv-record">If you do not currently have an SRV record</a></h3> +<p>In this case, your <code>server_name</code> points to the host where your Synapse is +running. There is no need to create a <code>.well-known</code> URI or an SRV record, but +you will need to give Synapse a valid, signed, certificate.</p> +<h3 id="if-you-do-have-an-srv-record-currently"><a class="header" href="#if-you-do-have-an-srv-record-currently">If you do have an SRV record currently</a></h3> +<p>If you are using an SRV record, your matrix domain (<code>server_name</code>) may not +point to the same host that your Synapse is running on (the 'target +domain'). (If it does, you can follow the recommendation above; otherwise, read +on.)</p> +<p>Let's assume that your <code>server_name</code> is <code>example.com</code>, and your Synapse is +hosted at a target domain of <code>customer.example.net</code>. Currently you should have +an SRV record which looks like:</p> +<pre><code>_matrix._tcp.example.com. IN SRV 10 5 8000 customer.example.net. +</code></pre> +<p>In this situation, you have three choices for how to proceed:</p> +<h4 id="option-1-give-synapse-a-certificate-for-your-matrix-domain"><a class="header" href="#option-1-give-synapse-a-certificate-for-your-matrix-domain">Option 1: give Synapse a certificate for your matrix domain</a></h4> +<p>Synapse 1.0 will expect your server to present a TLS certificate for your +<code>server_name</code> (<code>example.com</code> in the above example). You can achieve this by acquiring a +certificate for the <code>server_name</code> yourself (for example, using <code>certbot</code>), and giving it +and the key to Synapse via <code>tls_certificate_path</code> and <code>tls_private_key_path</code>.</p> +<h4 id="option-2-run-synapse-behind-a-reverse-proxy"><a class="header" href="#option-2-run-synapse-behind-a-reverse-proxy">Option 2: run Synapse behind a reverse proxy</a></h4> +<p>If you have an existing reverse proxy set up with correct TLS certificates for +your domain, you can simply route all traffic through the reverse proxy by +updating the SRV record appropriately (or removing it, if the proxy listens on +8448).</p> +<p>See <a href="reverse_proxy.html">the reverse proxy documentation</a> for information on setting up a +reverse proxy.</p> +<h4 id="option-3-add-a-well-known-file-to-delegate-your-matrix-traffic"><a class="header" href="#option-3-add-a-well-known-file-to-delegate-your-matrix-traffic">Option 3: add a .well-known file to delegate your matrix traffic</a></h4> +<p>This will allow you to keep Synapse on a separate domain, without having to +give it a certificate for the matrix domain.</p> +<p>You can do this with a <code>.well-known</code> file as follows:</p> +<ol> +<li> +<p>Keep the SRV record in place - it is needed for backwards compatibility +with Synapse 0.34 and earlier.</p> +</li> +<li> +<p>Give Synapse a certificate corresponding to the target domain +(<code>customer.example.net</code> in the above example). You can do this by acquire a +certificate for the target domain and giving it to Synapse via <code>tls_certificate_path</code> +and <code>tls_private_key_path</code>.</p> +</li> +<li> +<p>Restart Synapse to ensure the new certificate is loaded.</p> +</li> +<li> +<p>Arrange for a <code>.well-known</code> file at +<code>https://<server_name>/.well-known/matrix/server</code> with contents:</p> +<pre><code class="language-json">{"m.server": "<target server name>"} +</code></pre> +<p>where the target server name is resolved as usual (i.e. SRV lookup, falling +back to talking to port 8448).</p> +<p>In the above example, where synapse is listening on port 8000, +<code>https://example.com/.well-known/matrix/server</code> should have <code>m.server</code> set to one of:</p> +<ol> +<li> +<p><code>customer.example.net</code> ─ with a SRV record on +<code>_matrix._tcp.customer.example.com</code> pointing to port 8000, or:</p> +</li> +<li> +<p><code>customer.example.net</code> ─ updating synapse to listen on the default port +8448, or:</p> +</li> +<li> +<p><code>customer.example.net:8000</code> ─ ensuring that if there is a reverse proxy +on <code>customer.example.net:8000</code> it correctly handles HTTP requests with +Host header set to <code>customer.example.net:8000</code>.</p> +</li> +</ol> +</li> +</ol> +<h2 id="faq"><a class="header" href="#faq">FAQ</a></h2> +<h3 id="synapse-0990-has-just-been-released-what-do-i-need-to-do-right-now"><a class="header" href="#synapse-0990-has-just-been-released-what-do-i-need-to-do-right-now">Synapse 0.99.0 has just been released, what do I need to do right now?</a></h3> +<p>Upgrade as soon as you can in preparation for Synapse 1.0.0, and update your +TLS certificates as <a href="#configuring-certificates-for-compatibility-with-synapse-100">above</a>.</p> +<h3 id="what-will-happen-if-i-do-not-set-up-a-valid-federation-certificate-immediately"><a class="header" href="#what-will-happen-if-i-do-not-set-up-a-valid-federation-certificate-immediately">What will happen if I do not set up a valid federation certificate immediately?</a></h3> +<p>Nothing initially, but once 1.0.0 is in the wild it will not be possible to +federate with 1.0.0 servers.</p> +<h3 id="what-will-happen-if-i-do-nothing-at-all"><a class="header" href="#what-will-happen-if-i-do-nothing-at-all">What will happen if I do nothing at all?</a></h3> +<p>If the admin takes no action at all, and remains on a Synapse < 0.99.0 then the +homeserver will be unable to federate with those who have implemented +.well-known. Then, as above, once the month upgrade window has expired the +homeserver will not be able to federate with any Synapse >= 1.0.0</p> +<h3 id="when-do-i-need-a-srv-record-or-well-known-uri"><a class="header" href="#when-do-i-need-a-srv-record-or-well-known-uri">When do I need a SRV record or .well-known URI?</a></h3> +<p>If your homeserver listens on the default federation port (8448), and your +<code>server_name</code> points to the host that your homeserver runs on, you do not need an +SRV record or <code>.well-known/matrix/server</code> URI.</p> +<p>For instance, if you registered <code>example.com</code> and pointed its DNS A record at a +fresh Upcloud VPS or similar, you could install Synapse 0.99 on that host, +giving it a server_name of <code>example.com</code>, and it would automatically generate a +valid TLS certificate for you via Let's Encrypt and no SRV record or +<code>.well-known</code> URI would be needed.</p> +<p>This is the common case, although you can add an SRV record or +<code>.well-known/matrix/server</code> URI for completeness if you wish.</p> +<p><strong>However</strong>, if your server does not listen on port 8448, or if your <code>server_name</code> +does not point to the host that your homeserver runs on, you will need to let +other servers know how to find it.</p> +<p>In this case, you should see <a href="#if-you-do-have-an-srv-record-currently">"If you do have an SRV record +currently"</a> above.</p> +<h3 id="can-i-still-use-an-srv-record"><a class="header" href="#can-i-still-use-an-srv-record">Can I still use an SRV record?</a></h3> +<p>Firstly, if you didn't need an SRV record before (because your server is +listening on port 8448 of your server_name), you certainly don't need one now: +the defaults are still the same.</p> +<p>If you previously had an SRV record, you can keep using it provided you are +able to give Synapse a TLS certificate corresponding to your server name. For +example, suppose you had the following SRV record, which directs matrix traffic +for example.com to matrix.example.com:443:</p> +<pre><code>_matrix._tcp.example.com. IN SRV 10 5 443 matrix.example.com +</code></pre> +<p>In this case, Synapse must be given a certificate for example.com - or be +configured to acquire one from Let's Encrypt.</p> +<p>If you are unable to give Synapse a certificate for your server_name, you will +also need to use a .well-known URI instead. However, see also "I have created a +.well-known URI. Do I still need an SRV record?".</p> +<h3 id="i-have-created-a-well-known-uri-do-i-still-need-an-srv-record"><a class="header" href="#i-have-created-a-well-known-uri-do-i-still-need-an-srv-record">I have created a .well-known URI. Do I still need an SRV record?</a></h3> +<p>As of Synapse 0.99, Synapse will first check for the existence of a <code>.well-known</code> +URI and follow any delegation it suggests. It will only then check for the +existence of an SRV record.</p> +<p>That means that the SRV record will often be redundant. However, you should +remember that there may still be older versions of Synapse in the federation +which do not understand <code>.well-known</code> URIs, so if you removed your SRV record you +would no longer be able to federate with them.</p> +<p>It is therefore best to leave the SRV record in place for now. Synapse 0.34 and +earlier will follow the SRV record (and not care about the invalid +certificate). Synapse 0.99 and later will follow the .well-known URI, with the +correct certificate chain.</p> +<h3 id="it-used-to-work-just-fine-why-are-you-breaking-everything"><a class="header" href="#it-used-to-work-just-fine-why-are-you-breaking-everything">It used to work just fine, why are you breaking everything?</a></h3> +<p>We have always wanted Matrix servers to be as easy to set up as possible, and +so back when we started federation in 2014 we didn't want admins to have to go +through the cumbersome process of buying a valid TLS certificate to run a +server. This was before Let's Encrypt came along and made getting a free and +valid TLS certificate straightforward. So instead, we adopted a system based on +<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convergence_(SSL)">Perspectives</a>: an approach +where you check a set of "notary servers" (in practice, homeservers) to vouch +for the validity of a certificate rather than having it signed by a CA. As long +as enough different notaries agree on the certificate's validity, then it is +trusted.</p> +<p>However, in practice this has never worked properly. Most people only use the +default notary server (matrix.org), leading to inadvertent centralisation which +we want to eliminate. Meanwhile, we never implemented the full consensus +algorithm to query the servers participating in a room to determine consensus +on whether a given certificate is valid. This is fiddly to get right +(especially in face of sybil attacks), and we found ourselves questioning +whether it was worth the effort to finish the work and commit to maintaining a +secure certificate validation system as opposed to focusing on core Matrix +development.</p> +<p>Meanwhile, Let's Encrypt came along in 2016, and put the final nail in the +coffin of the Perspectives project (which was already pretty dead). So, the +Spec Core Team decided that a better approach would be to mandate valid TLS +certificates for federation alongside the rest of the Web. More details can be +found in +<a href="https://github.com/matrix-org/matrix-doc/blob/main/proposals/1711-x509-for-federation.md#background-the-failure-of-the-perspectives-approach">MSC1711</a>.</p> +<p>This results in a breaking change, which is disruptive, but absolutely critical +for the security model. However, the existence of Let's Encrypt as a trivial +way to replace the old self-signed certificates with valid CA-signed ones helps +smooth things over massively, especially as Synapse can now automate Let's +Encrypt certificate generation if needed.</p> +<h3 id="can-i-manage-my-own-certificates-rather-than-having-synapse-renew-certificates-itself"><a class="header" href="#can-i-manage-my-own-certificates-rather-than-having-synapse-renew-certificates-itself">Can I manage my own certificates rather than having Synapse renew certificates itself?</a></h3> +<p>Yes, you are welcome to manage your certificates yourself. Synapse will only +attempt to obtain certificates from Let's Encrypt if you configure it to do +so.The only requirement is that there is a valid TLS cert present for +federation end points.</p> +<h3 id="do-you-still-recommend-against-using-a-reverse-proxy-on-the-federation-port"><a class="header" href="#do-you-still-recommend-against-using-a-reverse-proxy-on-the-federation-port">Do you still recommend against using a reverse proxy on the federation port?</a></h3> +<p>We no longer actively recommend against using a reverse proxy. Many admins will +find it easier to direct federation traffic to a reverse proxy and manage their +own TLS certificates, and this is a supported configuration.</p> +<p>See <a href="reverse_proxy.html">the reverse proxy documentation</a> for information on setting up a +reverse proxy.</p> +<h3 id="do-i-still-need-to-give-my-tls-certificates-to-synapse-if-i-am-using-a-reverse-proxy"><a class="header" href="#do-i-still-need-to-give-my-tls-certificates-to-synapse-if-i-am-using-a-reverse-proxy">Do I still need to give my TLS certificates to Synapse if I am using a reverse proxy?</a></h3> +<p>Practically speaking, this is no longer necessary.</p> +<p>If you are using a reverse proxy for all of your TLS traffic, then you can set +<code>no_tls: True</code>. In that case, the only reason Synapse needs the certificate is +to populate a legacy 'tls_fingerprints' field in the federation API. This is +ignored by Synapse 0.99.0 and later, and the only time pre-0.99 Synapses will +check it is when attempting to fetch the server keys - and generally this is +delegated via <code>matrix.org</code>, which is on 0.99.0.</p> +<p>However, there is a bug in Synapse 0.99.0 +<a href="https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/4554">4554</a> which prevents +Synapse from starting if you do not give it a TLS certificate. To work around +this, you can give it any TLS certificate at all. This will be fixed soon.</p> +<h3 id="do-i-need-the-same-certificate-for-the-client-and-federation-port"><a class="header" href="#do-i-need-the-same-certificate-for-the-client-and-federation-port">Do I need the same certificate for the client and federation port?</a></h3> +<p>No. There is nothing stopping you from using different certificates, +particularly if you are using a reverse proxy. However, Synapse will use the +same certificate on any ports where TLS is configured.</p> +<h3 id="how-do-i-tell-synapse-to-reload-my-keyscertificates-after-i-replace-them"><a class="header" href="#how-do-i-tell-synapse-to-reload-my-keyscertificates-after-i-replace-them">How do I tell Synapse to reload my keys/certificates after I replace them?</a></h3> +<p>Synapse will reload the keys and certificates when it receives a SIGHUP - for +example <code>kill -HUP $(cat homeserver.pid)</code>. Alternatively, simply restart +Synapse, though this will result in downtime while it restarts.</p> + + </main> + + <nav class="nav-wrapper" aria-label="Page navigation"> + <!-- Mobile navigation buttons --> + + <a rel="prev" href="upgrade.html" class="mobile-nav-chapters previous" title="Previous chapter" aria-label="Previous chapter" aria-keyshortcuts="Left"> + <i class="fa fa-angle-left"></i> + </a> + + + + <a rel="next" href="federate.html" class="mobile-nav-chapters next" title="Next chapter" aria-label="Next chapter" aria-keyshortcuts="Right"> + <i class="fa fa-angle-right"></i> + </a> + + + <div style="clear: both"></div> + </nav> + </div> + </div> + + <nav class="nav-wide-wrapper" aria-label="Page navigation"> + + <a rel="prev" href="upgrade.html" class="nav-chapters previous" title="Previous chapter" aria-label="Previous chapter" aria-keyshortcuts="Left"> + <i class="fa fa-angle-left"></i> + </a> + + + + <a rel="next" href="federate.html" class="nav-chapters next" title="Next chapter" aria-label="Next chapter" aria-keyshortcuts="Right"> + <i class="fa fa-angle-right"></i> + </a> + + </nav> + + </div> + + + + + + + + + <script type="text/javascript"> + window.playground_copyable = true; + </script> + + + + + + <script src="elasticlunr.min.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script> + <script src="mark.min.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script> + <script src="searcher.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script> + + + <script src="clipboard.min.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script> + <script src="highlight.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script> + <script src="book.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script> + + <!-- Custom JS scripts --> + + <script type="text/javascript" src="docs/website_files/table-of-contents.js"></script> + + + + + </body> +</html> \ No newline at end of file |