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diff --git a/tests/rest/client/utils.py b/tests/rest/client/utils.py
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+# Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+# Copyright 2017 Vector Creations Ltd
+# Copyright 2018-2019 New Vector Ltd
+# Copyright 2019-2021 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+import json
+import re
+import time
+import urllib.parse
+from typing import Any, Dict, Iterable, Mapping, MutableMapping, Optional, Tuple, Union
+from unittest.mock import patch
+
+import attr
+
+from twisted.web.resource import Resource
+from twisted.web.server import Site
+
+from synapse.api.constants import Membership
+from synapse.types import JsonDict
+
+from tests.server import FakeChannel, FakeSite, make_request
+from tests.test_utils import FakeResponse
+from tests.test_utils.html_parsers import TestHtmlParser
+
+
+@attr.s
+class RestHelper:
+    """Contains extra helper functions to quickly and clearly perform a given
+    REST action, which isn't the focus of the test.
+    """
+
+    hs = attr.ib()
+    site = attr.ib(type=Site)
+    auth_user_id = attr.ib()
+
+    def create_room_as(
+        self,
+        room_creator: Optional[str] = None,
+        is_public: bool = True,
+        room_version: Optional[str] = None,
+        tok: Optional[str] = None,
+        expect_code: int = 200,
+        extra_content: Optional[Dict] = None,
+        custom_headers: Optional[
+            Iterable[Tuple[Union[bytes, str], Union[bytes, str]]]
+        ] = None,
+    ) -> str:
+        """
+        Create a room.
+
+        Args:
+            room_creator: The user ID to create the room with.
+            is_public: If True, the `visibility` parameter will be set to the
+                default (public). Otherwise, the `visibility` parameter will be set
+                to "private".
+            room_version: The room version to create the room as. Defaults to Synapse's
+                default room version.
+            tok: The access token to use in the request.
+            expect_code: The expected HTTP response code.
+
+        Returns:
+            The ID of the newly created room.
+        """
+        temp_id = self.auth_user_id
+        self.auth_user_id = room_creator
+        path = "/_matrix/client/r0/createRoom"
+        content = extra_content or {}
+        if not is_public:
+            content["visibility"] = "private"
+        if room_version:
+            content["room_version"] = room_version
+        if tok:
+            path = path + "?access_token=%s" % tok
+
+        channel = make_request(
+            self.hs.get_reactor(),
+            self.site,
+            "POST",
+            path,
+            json.dumps(content).encode("utf8"),
+            custom_headers=custom_headers,
+        )
+
+        assert channel.result["code"] == b"%d" % expect_code, channel.result
+        self.auth_user_id = temp_id
+
+        if expect_code == 200:
+            return channel.json_body["room_id"]
+
+    def invite(self, room=None, src=None, targ=None, expect_code=200, tok=None):
+        self.change_membership(
+            room=room,
+            src=src,
+            targ=targ,
+            tok=tok,
+            membership=Membership.INVITE,
+            expect_code=expect_code,
+        )
+
+    def join(self, room=None, user=None, expect_code=200, tok=None):
+        self.change_membership(
+            room=room,
+            src=user,
+            targ=user,
+            tok=tok,
+            membership=Membership.JOIN,
+            expect_code=expect_code,
+        )
+
+    def leave(self, room=None, user=None, expect_code=200, tok=None):
+        self.change_membership(
+            room=room,
+            src=user,
+            targ=user,
+            tok=tok,
+            membership=Membership.LEAVE,
+            expect_code=expect_code,
+        )
+
+    def change_membership(
+        self,
+        room: str,
+        src: str,
+        targ: str,
+        membership: str,
+        extra_data: Optional[dict] = None,
+        tok: Optional[str] = None,
+        expect_code: int = 200,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Send a membership state event into a room.
+
+        Args:
+            room: The ID of the room to send to
+            src: The mxid of the event sender
+            targ: The mxid of the event's target. The state key
+            membership: The type of membership event
+            extra_data: Extra information to include in the content of the event
+            tok: The user access token to use
+            expect_code: The expected HTTP response code
+        """
+        temp_id = self.auth_user_id
+        self.auth_user_id = src
+
+        path = "/_matrix/client/r0/rooms/%s/state/m.room.member/%s" % (room, targ)
+        if tok:
+            path = path + "?access_token=%s" % tok
+
+        data = {"membership": membership}
+        data.update(extra_data or {})
+
+        channel = make_request(
+            self.hs.get_reactor(),
+            self.site,
+            "PUT",
+            path,
+            json.dumps(data).encode("utf8"),
+        )
+
+        assert (
+            int(channel.result["code"]) == expect_code
+        ), "Expected: %d, got: %d, resp: %r" % (
+            expect_code,
+            int(channel.result["code"]),
+            channel.result["body"],
+        )
+
+        self.auth_user_id = temp_id
+
+    def send(
+        self,
+        room_id,
+        body=None,
+        txn_id=None,
+        tok=None,
+        expect_code=200,
+        custom_headers: Optional[
+            Iterable[Tuple[Union[bytes, str], Union[bytes, str]]]
+        ] = None,
+    ):
+        if body is None:
+            body = "body_text_here"
+
+        content = {"msgtype": "m.text", "body": body}
+
+        return self.send_event(
+            room_id,
+            "m.room.message",
+            content,
+            txn_id,
+            tok,
+            expect_code,
+            custom_headers=custom_headers,
+        )
+
+    def send_event(
+        self,
+        room_id,
+        type,
+        content: Optional[dict] = None,
+        txn_id=None,
+        tok=None,
+        expect_code=200,
+        custom_headers: Optional[
+            Iterable[Tuple[Union[bytes, str], Union[bytes, str]]]
+        ] = None,
+    ):
+        if txn_id is None:
+            txn_id = "m%s" % (str(time.time()))
+
+        path = "/_matrix/client/r0/rooms/%s/send/%s/%s" % (room_id, type, txn_id)
+        if tok:
+            path = path + "?access_token=%s" % tok
+
+        channel = make_request(
+            self.hs.get_reactor(),
+            self.site,
+            "PUT",
+            path,
+            json.dumps(content or {}).encode("utf8"),
+            custom_headers=custom_headers,
+        )
+
+        assert (
+            int(channel.result["code"]) == expect_code
+        ), "Expected: %d, got: %d, resp: %r" % (
+            expect_code,
+            int(channel.result["code"]),
+            channel.result["body"],
+        )
+
+        return channel.json_body
+
+    def _read_write_state(
+        self,
+        room_id: str,
+        event_type: str,
+        body: Optional[Dict[str, Any]],
+        tok: str,
+        expect_code: int = 200,
+        state_key: str = "",
+        method: str = "GET",
+    ) -> Dict:
+        """Read or write some state from a given room
+
+        Args:
+            room_id:
+            event_type: The type of state event
+            body: Body that is sent when making the request. The content of the state event.
+                If None, the request to the server will have an empty body
+            tok: The access token to use
+            expect_code: The HTTP code to expect in the response
+            state_key:
+            method: "GET" or "PUT" for reading or writing state, respectively
+
+        Returns:
+            The response body from the server
+
+        Raises:
+            AssertionError: if expect_code doesn't match the HTTP code we received
+        """
+        path = "/_matrix/client/r0/rooms/%s/state/%s/%s" % (
+            room_id,
+            event_type,
+            state_key,
+        )
+        if tok:
+            path = path + "?access_token=%s" % tok
+
+        # Set request body if provided
+        content = b""
+        if body is not None:
+            content = json.dumps(body).encode("utf8")
+
+        channel = make_request(self.hs.get_reactor(), self.site, method, path, content)
+
+        assert (
+            int(channel.result["code"]) == expect_code
+        ), "Expected: %d, got: %d, resp: %r" % (
+            expect_code,
+            int(channel.result["code"]),
+            channel.result["body"],
+        )
+
+        return channel.json_body
+
+    def get_state(
+        self,
+        room_id: str,
+        event_type: str,
+        tok: str,
+        expect_code: int = 200,
+        state_key: str = "",
+    ):
+        """Gets some state from a room
+
+        Args:
+            room_id:
+            event_type: The type of state event
+            tok: The access token to use
+            expect_code: The HTTP code to expect in the response
+            state_key:
+
+        Returns:
+            The response body from the server
+
+        Raises:
+            AssertionError: if expect_code doesn't match the HTTP code we received
+        """
+        return self._read_write_state(
+            room_id, event_type, None, tok, expect_code, state_key, method="GET"
+        )
+
+    def send_state(
+        self,
+        room_id: str,
+        event_type: str,
+        body: Dict[str, Any],
+        tok: str,
+        expect_code: int = 200,
+        state_key: str = "",
+    ):
+        """Set some state in a room
+
+        Args:
+            room_id:
+            event_type: The type of state event
+            body: Body that is sent when making the request. The content of the state event.
+            tok: The access token to use
+            expect_code: The HTTP code to expect in the response
+            state_key:
+
+        Returns:
+            The response body from the server
+
+        Raises:
+            AssertionError: if expect_code doesn't match the HTTP code we received
+        """
+        return self._read_write_state(
+            room_id, event_type, body, tok, expect_code, state_key, method="PUT"
+        )
+
+    def upload_media(
+        self,
+        resource: Resource,
+        image_data: bytes,
+        tok: str,
+        filename: str = "test.png",
+        expect_code: int = 200,
+    ) -> dict:
+        """Upload a piece of test media to the media repo
+        Args:
+            resource: The resource that will handle the upload request
+            image_data: The image data to upload
+            tok: The user token to use during the upload
+            filename: The filename of the media to be uploaded
+            expect_code: The return code to expect from attempting to upload the media
+        """
+        image_length = len(image_data)
+        path = "/_matrix/media/r0/upload?filename=%s" % (filename,)
+        channel = make_request(
+            self.hs.get_reactor(),
+            FakeSite(resource),
+            "POST",
+            path,
+            content=image_data,
+            access_token=tok,
+            custom_headers=[(b"Content-Length", str(image_length))],
+        )
+
+        assert channel.code == expect_code, "Expected: %d, got: %d, resp: %r" % (
+            expect_code,
+            int(channel.result["code"]),
+            channel.result["body"],
+        )
+
+        return channel.json_body
+
+    def login_via_oidc(self, remote_user_id: str) -> JsonDict:
+        """Log in (as a new user) via OIDC
+
+        Returns the result of the final token login.
+
+        Requires that "oidc_config" in the homeserver config be set appropriately
+        (TEST_OIDC_CONFIG is a suitable example) - and by implication, needs a
+        "public_base_url".
+
+        Also requires the login servlet and the OIDC callback resource to be mounted at
+        the normal places.
+        """
+        client_redirect_url = "https://x"
+        channel = self.auth_via_oidc({"sub": remote_user_id}, client_redirect_url)
+
+        # expect a confirmation page
+        assert channel.code == 200, channel.result
+
+        # fish the matrix login token out of the body of the confirmation page
+        m = re.search(
+            'a href="%s.*loginToken=([^"]*)"' % (client_redirect_url,),
+            channel.text_body,
+        )
+        assert m, channel.text_body
+        login_token = m.group(1)
+
+        # finally, submit the matrix login token to the login API, which gives us our
+        # matrix access token and device id.
+        channel = make_request(
+            self.hs.get_reactor(),
+            self.site,
+            "POST",
+            "/login",
+            content={"type": "m.login.token", "token": login_token},
+        )
+        assert channel.code == 200
+        return channel.json_body
+
+    def auth_via_oidc(
+        self,
+        user_info_dict: JsonDict,
+        client_redirect_url: Optional[str] = None,
+        ui_auth_session_id: Optional[str] = None,
+    ) -> FakeChannel:
+        """Perform an OIDC authentication flow via a mock OIDC provider.
+
+        This can be used for either login or user-interactive auth.
+
+        Starts by making a request to the relevant synapse redirect endpoint, which is
+        expected to serve a 302 to the OIDC provider. We then make a request to the
+        OIDC callback endpoint, intercepting the HTTP requests that will get sent back
+        to the OIDC provider.
+
+        Requires that "oidc_config" in the homeserver config be set appropriately
+        (TEST_OIDC_CONFIG is a suitable example) - and by implication, needs a
+        "public_base_url".
+
+        Also requires the login servlet and the OIDC callback resource to be mounted at
+        the normal places.
+
+        Args:
+            user_info_dict: the remote userinfo that the OIDC provider should present.
+                Typically this should be '{"sub": "<remote user id>"}'.
+            client_redirect_url: for a login flow, the client redirect URL to pass to
+                the login redirect endpoint
+            ui_auth_session_id: if set, we will perform a UI Auth flow. The session id
+                of the UI auth.
+
+        Returns:
+            A FakeChannel containing the result of calling the OIDC callback endpoint.
+            Note that the response code may be a 200, 302 or 400 depending on how things
+            went.
+        """
+
+        cookies = {}
+
+        # if we're doing a ui auth, hit the ui auth redirect endpoint
+        if ui_auth_session_id:
+            # can't set the client redirect url for UI Auth
+            assert client_redirect_url is None
+            oauth_uri = self.initiate_sso_ui_auth(ui_auth_session_id, cookies)
+        else:
+            # otherwise, hit the login redirect endpoint
+            oauth_uri = self.initiate_sso_login(client_redirect_url, cookies)
+
+        # we now have a URI for the OIDC IdP, but we skip that and go straight
+        # back to synapse's OIDC callback resource. However, we do need the "state"
+        # param that synapse passes to the IdP via query params, as well as the cookie
+        # that synapse passes to the client.
+
+        oauth_uri_path, _ = oauth_uri.split("?", 1)
+        assert oauth_uri_path == TEST_OIDC_AUTH_ENDPOINT, (
+            "unexpected SSO URI " + oauth_uri_path
+        )
+        return self.complete_oidc_auth(oauth_uri, cookies, user_info_dict)
+
+    def complete_oidc_auth(
+        self,
+        oauth_uri: str,
+        cookies: Mapping[str, str],
+        user_info_dict: JsonDict,
+    ) -> FakeChannel:
+        """Mock out an OIDC authentication flow
+
+        Assumes that an OIDC auth has been initiated by one of initiate_sso_login or
+        initiate_sso_ui_auth; completes the OIDC bits of the flow by making a request to
+        Synapse's OIDC callback endpoint, intercepting the HTTP requests that will get
+        sent back to the OIDC provider.
+
+        Requires the OIDC callback resource to be mounted at the normal place.
+
+        Args:
+            oauth_uri: the OIDC URI returned by synapse's redirect endpoint (ie,
+               from initiate_sso_login or initiate_sso_ui_auth).
+            cookies: the cookies set by synapse's redirect endpoint, which will be
+               sent back to the callback endpoint.
+            user_info_dict: the remote userinfo that the OIDC provider should present.
+                Typically this should be '{"sub": "<remote user id>"}'.
+
+        Returns:
+            A FakeChannel containing the result of calling the OIDC callback endpoint.
+        """
+        _, oauth_uri_qs = oauth_uri.split("?", 1)
+        params = urllib.parse.parse_qs(oauth_uri_qs)
+        callback_uri = "%s?%s" % (
+            urllib.parse.urlparse(params["redirect_uri"][0]).path,
+            urllib.parse.urlencode({"state": params["state"][0], "code": "TEST_CODE"}),
+        )
+
+        # before we hit the callback uri, stub out some methods in the http client so
+        # that we don't have to handle full HTTPS requests.
+        # (expected url, json response) pairs, in the order we expect them.
+        expected_requests = [
+            # first we get a hit to the token endpoint, which we tell to return
+            # a dummy OIDC access token
+            (TEST_OIDC_TOKEN_ENDPOINT, {"access_token": "TEST"}),
+            # and then one to the user_info endpoint, which returns our remote user id.
+            (TEST_OIDC_USERINFO_ENDPOINT, user_info_dict),
+        ]
+
+        async def mock_req(method: str, uri: str, data=None, headers=None):
+            (expected_uri, resp_obj) = expected_requests.pop(0)
+            assert uri == expected_uri
+            resp = FakeResponse(
+                code=200,
+                phrase=b"OK",
+                body=json.dumps(resp_obj).encode("utf-8"),
+            )
+            return resp
+
+        with patch.object(self.hs.get_proxied_http_client(), "request", mock_req):
+            # now hit the callback URI with the right params and a made-up code
+            channel = make_request(
+                self.hs.get_reactor(),
+                self.site,
+                "GET",
+                callback_uri,
+                custom_headers=[
+                    ("Cookie", "%s=%s" % (k, v)) for (k, v) in cookies.items()
+                ],
+            )
+        return channel
+
+    def initiate_sso_login(
+        self, client_redirect_url: Optional[str], cookies: MutableMapping[str, str]
+    ) -> str:
+        """Make a request to the login-via-sso redirect endpoint, and return the target
+
+        Assumes that exactly one SSO provider has been configured. Requires the login
+        servlet to be mounted.
+
+        Args:
+            client_redirect_url: the client redirect URL to pass to the login redirect
+                endpoint
+            cookies: any cookies returned will be added to this dict
+
+        Returns:
+            the URI that the client gets redirected to (ie, the SSO server)
+        """
+        params = {}
+        if client_redirect_url:
+            params["redirectUrl"] = client_redirect_url
+
+        # hit the redirect url (which should redirect back to the redirect url. This
+        # is the easiest way of figuring out what the Host header ought to be set to
+        # to keep Synapse happy.
+        channel = make_request(
+            self.hs.get_reactor(),
+            self.site,
+            "GET",
+            "/_matrix/client/r0/login/sso/redirect?" + urllib.parse.urlencode(params),
+        )
+        assert channel.code == 302
+
+        # hit the redirect url again with the right Host header, which should now issue
+        # a cookie and redirect to the SSO provider.
+        location = channel.headers.getRawHeaders("Location")[0]
+        parts = urllib.parse.urlsplit(location)
+        channel = make_request(
+            self.hs.get_reactor(),
+            self.site,
+            "GET",
+            urllib.parse.urlunsplit(("", "") + parts[2:]),
+            custom_headers=[
+                ("Host", parts[1]),
+            ],
+        )
+
+        assert channel.code == 302
+        channel.extract_cookies(cookies)
+        return channel.headers.getRawHeaders("Location")[0]
+
+    def initiate_sso_ui_auth(
+        self, ui_auth_session_id: str, cookies: MutableMapping[str, str]
+    ) -> str:
+        """Make a request to the ui-auth-via-sso endpoint, and return the target
+
+        Assumes that exactly one SSO provider has been configured. Requires the
+        AuthRestServlet to be mounted.
+
+        Args:
+            ui_auth_session_id: the session id of the UI auth
+            cookies: any cookies returned will be added to this dict
+
+        Returns:
+            the URI that the client gets linked to (ie, the SSO server)
+        """
+        sso_redirect_endpoint = (
+            "/_matrix/client/r0/auth/m.login.sso/fallback/web?"
+            + urllib.parse.urlencode({"session": ui_auth_session_id})
+        )
+        # hit the redirect url (which will issue a cookie and state)
+        channel = make_request(
+            self.hs.get_reactor(), self.site, "GET", sso_redirect_endpoint
+        )
+        # that should serve a confirmation page
+        assert channel.code == 200, channel.text_body
+        channel.extract_cookies(cookies)
+
+        # parse the confirmation page to fish out the link.
+        p = TestHtmlParser()
+        p.feed(channel.text_body)
+        p.close()
+        assert len(p.links) == 1, "not exactly one link in confirmation page"
+        oauth_uri = p.links[0]
+        return oauth_uri
+
+
+# an 'oidc_config' suitable for login_via_oidc.
+TEST_OIDC_AUTH_ENDPOINT = "https://issuer.test/auth"
+TEST_OIDC_TOKEN_ENDPOINT = "https://issuer.test/token"
+TEST_OIDC_USERINFO_ENDPOINT = "https://issuer.test/userinfo"
+TEST_OIDC_CONFIG = {
+    "enabled": True,
+    "discover": False,
+    "issuer": "https://issuer.test",
+    "client_id": "test-client-id",
+    "client_secret": "test-client-secret",
+    "scopes": ["profile"],
+    "authorization_endpoint": TEST_OIDC_AUTH_ENDPOINT,
+    "token_endpoint": TEST_OIDC_TOKEN_ENDPOINT,
+    "userinfo_endpoint": TEST_OIDC_USERINFO_ENDPOINT,
+    "user_mapping_provider": {"config": {"localpart_template": "{{ user.sub }}"}},
+}