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-rw-r--r--synapse/__init__.py4
-rw-r--r--synapse/_scripts/register_new_matrix_user.py23
-rw-r--r--synapse/api/auth.py105
-rw-r--r--synapse/api/constants.py37
-rw-r--r--synapse/api/errors.py18
-rw-r--r--synapse/api/filtering.py25
-rw-r--r--synapse/api/urls.py4
-rw-r--r--synapse/app/__init__.py34
-rw-r--r--synapse/app/_base.py170
-rw-r--r--synapse/app/appservice.py7
-rw-r--r--synapse/app/client_reader.py17
-rw-r--r--synapse/app/event_creator.py13
-rw-r--r--synapse/app/federation_reader.py28
-rw-r--r--synapse/app/federation_sender.py16
-rw-r--r--synapse/app/frontend_proxy.py13
-rwxr-xr-xsynapse/app/homeserver.py196
-rw-r--r--synapse/app/media_repository.py13
-rw-r--r--synapse/app/pusher.py3
-rw-r--r--synapse/app/synchrotron.py7
-rw-r--r--synapse/app/user_dir.py17
-rw-r--r--synapse/config/__main__.py2
-rw-r--r--synapse/config/_base.py69
-rw-r--r--synapse/config/api.py3
-rw-r--r--synapse/config/appservice.py2
-rw-r--r--synapse/config/captcha.py3
-rw-r--r--synapse/config/cas.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/config/consent_config.py42
-rw-r--r--synapse/config/database.py5
-rw-r--r--synapse/config/groups.py4
-rw-r--r--synapse/config/homeserver.py11
-rw-r--r--synapse/config/jwt_config.py8
-rw-r--r--synapse/config/key.py41
-rw-r--r--synapse/config/logger.py24
-rw-r--r--synapse/config/metrics.py46
-rw-r--r--synapse/config/password.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/config/password_auth_providers.py28
-rw-r--r--synapse/config/push.py4
-rw-r--r--synapse/config/ratelimiting.py7
-rw-r--r--synapse/config/registration.py54
-rw-r--r--synapse/config/repository.py91
-rw-r--r--synapse/config/room_directory.py170
-rw-r--r--synapse/config/saml2.py55
-rw-r--r--synapse/config/saml2_config.py109
-rw-r--r--synapse/config/server.py377
-rw-r--r--synapse/config/server_notices_config.py10
-rw-r--r--synapse/config/spam_checker.py8
-rw-r--r--synapse/config/tls.py344
-rw-r--r--synapse/config/user_directory.py2
-rw-r--r--synapse/config/voip.py7
-rw-r--r--synapse/crypto/context_factory.py39
-rw-r--r--synapse/crypto/event_signing.py109
-rw-r--r--synapse/crypto/keyclient.py149
-rw-r--r--synapse/crypto/keyring.py34
-rw-r--r--synapse/event_auth.py39
-rw-r--r--synapse/events/__init__.py160
-rw-r--r--synapse/events/builder.py279
-rw-r--r--synapse/events/utils.py50
-rw-r--r--synapse/events/validator.py65
-rw-r--r--synapse/federation/federation_base.py96
-rw-r--r--synapse/federation/federation_client.py184
-rw-r--r--synapse/federation/federation_server.py79
-rw-r--r--synapse/federation/transaction_queue.py48
-rw-r--r--synapse/federation/transport/client.py169
-rw-r--r--synapse/federation/transport/server.py187
-rw-r--r--synapse/groups/attestations.py7
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/__init__.py2
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/_base.py2
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/acme.py151
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/auth.py13
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/device.py33
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/directory.py33
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/e2e_room_keys.py74
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/federation.py160
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/groups_local.py12
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/identity.py9
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/message.py61
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/pagination.py21
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/register.py379
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/room.py46
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/room_list.py14
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/room_member.py90
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/search.py47
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/sync.py37
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/user_directory.py137
-rw-r--r--synapse/http/__init__.py15
-rw-r--r--synapse/http/client.py395
-rw-r--r--synapse/http/endpoint.py315
-rw-r--r--synapse/http/federation/__init__.py14
-rw-r--r--synapse/http/federation/matrix_federation_agent.py452
-rw-r--r--synapse/http/federation/srv_resolver.py169
-rw-r--r--synapse/http/matrixfederationclient.py333
-rw-r--r--synapse/http/server.py6
-rw-r--r--synapse/metrics/__init__.py2
-rw-r--r--synapse/module_api/__init__.py2
-rw-r--r--synapse/push/clientformat.py2
-rw-r--r--synapse/push/httppusher.py16
-rw-r--r--synapse/push/pusher.py11
-rw-r--r--synapse/python_dependencies.py263
-rw-r--r--synapse/replication/http/__init__.py4
-rw-r--r--synapse/replication/http/_base.py5
-rw-r--r--synapse/replication/http/federation.py8
-rw-r--r--synapse/replication/http/login.py74
-rw-r--r--synapse/replication/http/membership.py4
-rw-r--r--synapse/replication/http/register.py146
-rw-r--r--synapse/replication/http/send_event.py8
-rw-r--r--synapse/replication/slave/storage/_base.py19
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/__init__.py13
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/v1/admin.py11
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/v1/login.py256
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/v1/room.py8
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/v1_only/__init__.py3
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/v1_only/base.py39
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/v1_only/register.py392
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/account_data.py34
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/auth.py2
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/capabilities.py66
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/register.py206
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/room_keys.py34
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/sync.py2
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/versions.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/consent/consent_resource.py13
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/media/v1/config_resource.py2
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/media/v1/download_resource.py3
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/media/v1/media_repository.py7
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/media/v1/preview_url_resource.py14
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/saml2/__init__.py29
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/saml2/metadata_resource.py36
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/saml2/response_resource.py74
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/well_known.py3
-rw-r--r--synapse/server.py24
-rw-r--r--synapse/state/__init__.py6
-rw-r--r--synapse/state/v1.py14
-rw-r--r--synapse/state/v2.py14
-rw-r--r--synapse/static/index.html63
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/__init__.py2
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/_base.py406
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/background_updates.py2
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/client_ips.py237
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/e2e_room_keys.py23
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/engines/__init__.py2
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/engines/postgres.py14
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/engines/sqlite.py (renamed from synapse/storage/engines/sqlite3.py)8
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/event_federation.py23
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/events.py169
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/events_worker.py86
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/monthly_active_users.py42
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/pusher.py9
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/registration.py368
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/roommember.py8
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/schema/delta/53/add_user_type_to_users.sql19
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/schema/delta/53/event_format_version.sql16
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/schema/delta/53/user_ips_index.sql30
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/state.py69
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/user_directory.py212
-rw-r--r--synapse/types.py66
-rw-r--r--synapse/util/async_helpers.py14
-rw-r--r--synapse/util/caches/ttlcache.py161
-rw-r--r--synapse/util/logcontext.py5
158 files changed, 7323 insertions, 3593 deletions
diff --git a/synapse/__init__.py b/synapse/__init__.py
index 5a28fe2b82..2004375f98 100644
--- a/synapse/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/__init__.py
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
-# Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
+# Copyright 2018-9 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -27,4 +27,4 @@ try:
 except ImportError:
     pass
 
-__version__ = "0.33.9"
+__version__ = "0.99.1.1"
diff --git a/synapse/_scripts/register_new_matrix_user.py b/synapse/_scripts/register_new_matrix_user.py
index 70cecde486..6e93f5a0c6 100644
--- a/synapse/_scripts/register_new_matrix_user.py
+++ b/synapse/_scripts/register_new_matrix_user.py
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ def request_registration(
     server_location,
     shared_secret,
     admin=False,
+    user_type=None,
     requests=_requests,
     _print=print,
     exit=sys.exit,
@@ -45,7 +46,7 @@ def request_registration(
     # Get the nonce
     r = requests.get(url, verify=False)
 
-    if r.status_code is not 200:
+    if r.status_code != 200:
         _print("ERROR! Received %d %s" % (r.status_code, r.reason))
         if 400 <= r.status_code < 500:
             try:
@@ -65,6 +66,9 @@ def request_registration(
     mac.update(password.encode('utf8'))
     mac.update(b"\x00")
     mac.update(b"admin" if admin else b"notadmin")
+    if user_type:
+        mac.update(b"\x00")
+        mac.update(user_type.encode('utf8'))
 
     mac = mac.hexdigest()
 
@@ -74,12 +78,13 @@ def request_registration(
         "password": password,
         "mac": mac,
         "admin": admin,
+        "user_type": user_type,
     }
 
     _print("Sending registration request...")
     r = requests.post(url, json=data, verify=False)
 
-    if r.status_code is not 200:
+    if r.status_code != 200:
         _print("ERROR! Received %d %s" % (r.status_code, r.reason))
         if 400 <= r.status_code < 500:
             try:
@@ -91,7 +96,7 @@ def request_registration(
     _print("Success!")
 
 
-def register_new_user(user, password, server_location, shared_secret, admin):
+def register_new_user(user, password, server_location, shared_secret, admin, user_type):
     if not user:
         try:
             default_user = getpass.getuser()
@@ -129,7 +134,8 @@ def register_new_user(user, password, server_location, shared_secret, admin):
         else:
             admin = False
 
-    request_registration(user, password, server_location, shared_secret, bool(admin))
+    request_registration(user, password, server_location, shared_secret,
+                         bool(admin), user_type)
 
 
 def main():
@@ -154,6 +160,12 @@ def main():
         default=None,
         help="New password for user. Will prompt if omitted.",
     )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "-t",
+        "--user_type",
+        default=None,
+        help="User type as specified in synapse.api.constants.UserTypes",
+    )
     admin_group = parser.add_mutually_exclusive_group()
     admin_group.add_argument(
         "-a",
@@ -208,7 +220,8 @@ def main():
     if args.admin or args.no_admin:
         admin = args.admin
 
-    register_new_user(args.user, args.password, args.server_url, secret, admin)
+    register_new_user(args.user, args.password, args.server_url, secret,
+                      admin, args.user_type)
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
diff --git a/synapse/api/auth.py b/synapse/api/auth.py
index 5309899703..5992d30623 100644
--- a/synapse/api/auth.py
+++ b/synapse/api/auth.py
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ class Auth(object):
         register_cache("cache", "token_cache", self.token_cache)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def check_from_context(self, event, context, do_sig_check=True):
+    def check_from_context(self, room_version, event, context, do_sig_check=True):
         prev_state_ids = yield context.get_prev_state_ids(self.store)
         auth_events_ids = yield self.compute_auth_events(
             event, prev_state_ids, for_verification=True,
@@ -74,12 +74,16 @@ class Auth(object):
         auth_events = {
             (e.type, e.state_key): e for e in itervalues(auth_events)
         }
-        self.check(event, auth_events=auth_events, do_sig_check=do_sig_check)
+        self.check(
+            room_version, event,
+            auth_events=auth_events, do_sig_check=do_sig_check,
+        )
 
-    def check(self, event, auth_events, do_sig_check=True):
+    def check(self, room_version, event, auth_events, do_sig_check=True):
         """ Checks if this event is correctly authed.
 
         Args:
+            room_version (str): version of the room
             event: the event being checked.
             auth_events (dict: event-key -> event): the existing room state.
 
@@ -88,7 +92,9 @@ class Auth(object):
             True if the auth checks pass.
         """
         with Measure(self.clock, "auth.check"):
-            event_auth.check(event, auth_events, do_sig_check=do_sig_check)
+            event_auth.check(
+                room_version, event, auth_events, do_sig_check=do_sig_check
+            )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def check_joined_room(self, room_id, user_id, current_state=None):
@@ -300,20 +306,28 @@ class Auth(object):
         Raises:
             AuthError if no user by that token exists or the token is invalid.
         """
-        try:
-            user_id, guest = self._parse_and_validate_macaroon(token, rights)
-        except _InvalidMacaroonException:
-            # doesn't look like a macaroon: treat it as an opaque token which
-            # must be in the database.
-            # TODO: it would be nice to get rid of this, but apparently some
-            # people use access tokens which aren't macaroons
+
+        if rights == "access":
+            # first look in the database
             r = yield self._look_up_user_by_access_token(token)
-            defer.returnValue(r)
+            if r:
+                defer.returnValue(r)
 
+        # otherwise it needs to be a valid macaroon
         try:
+            user_id, guest = self._parse_and_validate_macaroon(token, rights)
             user = UserID.from_string(user_id)
 
-            if guest:
+            if rights == "access":
+                if not guest:
+                    # non-guest access tokens must be in the database
+                    logger.warning("Unrecognised access token - not in store.")
+                    raise AuthError(
+                        self.TOKEN_NOT_FOUND_HTTP_STATUS,
+                        "Unrecognised access token.",
+                        errcode=Codes.UNKNOWN_TOKEN,
+                    )
+
                 # Guest access tokens are not stored in the database (there can
                 # only be one access token per guest, anyway).
                 #
@@ -354,31 +368,15 @@ class Auth(object):
                     "device_id": None,
                 }
             else:
-                # This codepath exists for several reasons:
-                #   * so that we can actually return a token ID, which is used
-                #     in some parts of the schema (where we probably ought to
-                #     use device IDs instead)
-                #   * the only way we currently have to invalidate an
-                #     access_token is by removing it from the database, so we
-                #     have to check here that it is still in the db
-                #   * some attributes (notably device_id) aren't stored in the
-                #     macaroon. They probably should be.
-                # TODO: build the dictionary from the macaroon once the
-                # above are fixed
-                ret = yield self._look_up_user_by_access_token(token)
-                if ret["user"] != user:
-                    logger.error(
-                        "Macaroon user (%s) != DB user (%s)",
-                        user,
-                        ret["user"]
-                    )
-                    raise AuthError(
-                        self.TOKEN_NOT_FOUND_HTTP_STATUS,
-                        "User mismatch in macaroon",
-                        errcode=Codes.UNKNOWN_TOKEN
-                    )
+                raise RuntimeError("Unknown rights setting %s", rights)
             defer.returnValue(ret)
-        except (pymacaroons.exceptions.MacaroonException, TypeError, ValueError):
+        except (
+            _InvalidMacaroonException,
+            pymacaroons.exceptions.MacaroonException,
+            TypeError,
+            ValueError,
+        ) as e:
+            logger.warning("Invalid macaroon in auth: %s %s", type(e), e)
             raise AuthError(
                 self.TOKEN_NOT_FOUND_HTTP_STATUS, "Invalid macaroon passed.",
                 errcode=Codes.UNKNOWN_TOKEN
@@ -508,11 +506,8 @@ class Auth(object):
     def _look_up_user_by_access_token(self, token):
         ret = yield self.store.get_user_by_access_token(token)
         if not ret:
-            logger.warn("Unrecognised access token - not in store.")
-            raise AuthError(
-                self.TOKEN_NOT_FOUND_HTTP_STATUS, "Unrecognised access token.",
-                errcode=Codes.UNKNOWN_TOKEN
-            )
+            defer.returnValue(None)
+
         # we use ret.get() below because *lots* of unit tests stub out
         # get_user_by_access_token in a way where it only returns a couple of
         # the fields.
@@ -556,17 +551,6 @@ class Auth(object):
         return self.store.is_server_admin(user)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def add_auth_events(self, builder, context):
-        prev_state_ids = yield context.get_prev_state_ids(self.store)
-        auth_ids = yield self.compute_auth_events(builder, prev_state_ids)
-
-        auth_events_entries = yield self.store.add_event_hashes(
-            auth_ids
-        )
-
-        builder.auth_events = auth_events_entries
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def compute_auth_events(self, event, current_state_ids, for_verification=False):
         if event.type == EventTypes.Create:
             defer.returnValue([])
@@ -582,7 +566,7 @@ class Auth(object):
         key = (EventTypes.JoinRules, "", )
         join_rule_event_id = current_state_ids.get(key)
 
-        key = (EventTypes.Member, event.user_id, )
+        key = (EventTypes.Member, event.sender, )
         member_event_id = current_state_ids.get(key)
 
         key = (EventTypes.Create, "", )
@@ -632,7 +616,7 @@ class Auth(object):
 
         defer.returnValue(auth_ids)
 
-    def check_redaction(self, event, auth_events):
+    def check_redaction(self, room_version, event, auth_events):
         """Check whether the event sender is allowed to redact the target event.
 
         Returns:
@@ -645,7 +629,7 @@ class Auth(object):
             AuthError if the event sender is definitely not allowed to redact
             the target event.
         """
-        return event_auth.check_redaction(event, auth_events)
+        return event_auth.check_redaction(room_version, event, auth_events)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def check_can_change_room_list(self, room_id, user):
@@ -802,9 +786,10 @@ class Auth(object):
             threepid should never be set at the same time.
         """
 
-        # Never fail an auth check for the server notices users
+        # Never fail an auth check for the server notices users or support user
         # This can be a problem where event creation is prohibited due to blocking
-        if user_id == self.hs.config.server_notices_mxid:
+        is_support = yield self.store.is_support_user(user_id)
+        if user_id == self.hs.config.server_notices_mxid or is_support:
             return
 
         if self.hs.config.hs_disabled:
@@ -829,7 +814,9 @@ class Auth(object):
             elif threepid:
                 # If the user does not exist yet, but is signing up with a
                 # reserved threepid then pass auth check
-                if is_threepid_reserved(self.hs.config, threepid):
+                if is_threepid_reserved(
+                    self.hs.config.mau_limits_reserved_threepids, threepid
+                ):
                     return
             # Else if there is no room in the MAU bucket, bail
             current_mau = yield self.store.get_monthly_active_count()
diff --git a/synapse/api/constants.py b/synapse/api/constants.py
index f20e0fcf0b..f47c33a074 100644
--- a/synapse/api/constants.py
+++ b/synapse/api/constants.py
@@ -68,10 +68,12 @@ class EventTypes(object):
     Aliases = "m.room.aliases"
     Redaction = "m.room.redaction"
     ThirdPartyInvite = "m.room.third_party_invite"
+    Encryption = "m.room.encryption"
 
     RoomHistoryVisibility = "m.room.history_visibility"
     CanonicalAlias = "m.room.canonical_alias"
     RoomAvatar = "m.room.avatar"
+    RoomEncryption = "m.room.encryption"
     GuestAccess = "m.room.guest_access"
 
     # These are used for validation
@@ -102,10 +104,16 @@ class ThirdPartyEntityKind(object):
 
 class RoomVersions(object):
     V1 = "1"
-    VDH_TEST = "vdh-test-version"
+    V2 = "2"
+    V3 = "3"
     STATE_V2_TEST = "state-v2-test"
 
 
+class RoomDisposition(object):
+    STABLE = "stable"
+    UNSTABLE = "unstable"
+
+
 # the version we will give rooms which are created on this server
 DEFAULT_ROOM_VERSION = RoomVersions.V1
 
@@ -113,9 +121,34 @@ DEFAULT_ROOM_VERSION = RoomVersions.V1
 # until we have a working v2.
 KNOWN_ROOM_VERSIONS = {
     RoomVersions.V1,
-    RoomVersions.VDH_TEST,
+    RoomVersions.V2,
+    RoomVersions.V3,
     RoomVersions.STATE_V2_TEST,
+    RoomVersions.V3,
+}
+
+
+class EventFormatVersions(object):
+    """This is an internal enum for tracking the version of the event format,
+    independently from the room version.
+    """
+    V1 = 1
+    V2 = 2
+
+
+KNOWN_EVENT_FORMAT_VERSIONS = {
+    EventFormatVersions.V1,
+    EventFormatVersions.V2,
 }
 
+
 ServerNoticeMsgType = "m.server_notice"
 ServerNoticeLimitReached = "m.server_notice.usage_limit_reached"
+
+
+class UserTypes(object):
+    """Allows for user type specific behaviour. With the benefit of hindsight
+    'admin' and 'guest' users should also be UserTypes. Normal users are type None
+    """
+    SUPPORT = "support"
+    ALL_USER_TYPES = (SUPPORT,)
diff --git a/synapse/api/errors.py b/synapse/api/errors.py
index 48b903374d..0b464834ce 100644
--- a/synapse/api/errors.py
+++ b/synapse/api/errors.py
@@ -348,6 +348,24 @@ class IncompatibleRoomVersionError(SynapseError):
         )
 
 
+class RequestSendFailed(RuntimeError):
+    """Sending a HTTP request over federation failed due to not being able to
+    talk to the remote server for some reason.
+
+    This exception is used to differentiate "expected" errors that arise due to
+    networking (e.g. DNS failures, connection timeouts etc), versus unexpected
+    errors (like programming errors).
+    """
+    def __init__(self, inner_exception, can_retry):
+        super(RequestSendFailed, self).__init__(
+            "Failed to send request: %s: %s" % (
+                type(inner_exception).__name__, inner_exception,
+            )
+        )
+        self.inner_exception = inner_exception
+        self.can_retry = can_retry
+
+
 def cs_error(msg, code=Codes.UNKNOWN, **kwargs):
     """ Utility method for constructing an error response for client-server
     interactions.
diff --git a/synapse/api/filtering.py b/synapse/api/filtering.py
index 677c0bdd4c..3906475403 100644
--- a/synapse/api/filtering.py
+++ b/synapse/api/filtering.py
@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@
 # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
+from six import text_type
+
 import jsonschema
 from canonicaljson import json
 from jsonschema import FormatChecker
@@ -353,7 +355,7 @@ class Filter(object):
             sender = event.user_id
             room_id = None
             ev_type = "m.presence"
-            is_url = False
+            contains_url = False
         else:
             sender = event.get("sender", None)
             if not sender:
@@ -368,13 +370,16 @@ class Filter(object):
 
             room_id = event.get("room_id", None)
             ev_type = event.get("type", None)
-            is_url = "url" in event.get("content", {})
+
+            content = event.get("content", {})
+            # check if there is a string url field in the content for filtering purposes
+            contains_url = isinstance(content.get("url"), text_type)
 
         return self.check_fields(
             room_id,
             sender,
             ev_type,
-            is_url,
+            contains_url,
         )
 
     def check_fields(self, room_id, sender, event_type, contains_url):
@@ -439,6 +444,20 @@ class Filter(object):
     def include_redundant_members(self):
         return self.filter_json.get("include_redundant_members", False)
 
+    def with_room_ids(self, room_ids):
+        """Returns a new filter with the given room IDs appended.
+
+        Args:
+            room_ids (iterable[unicode]): The room_ids to add
+
+        Returns:
+            filter: A new filter including the given rooms and the old
+                    filter's rooms.
+        """
+        newFilter = Filter(self.filter_json)
+        newFilter.rooms += room_ids
+        return newFilter
+
 
 def _matches_wildcard(actual_value, filter_value):
     if filter_value.endswith("*"):
diff --git a/synapse/api/urls.py b/synapse/api/urls.py
index f78695b657..8102176653 100644
--- a/synapse/api/urls.py
+++ b/synapse/api/urls.py
@@ -24,7 +24,9 @@ from synapse.config import ConfigError
 
 CLIENT_PREFIX = "/_matrix/client/api/v1"
 CLIENT_V2_ALPHA_PREFIX = "/_matrix/client/v2_alpha"
-FEDERATION_PREFIX = "/_matrix/federation/v1"
+FEDERATION_PREFIX = "/_matrix/federation"
+FEDERATION_V1_PREFIX = FEDERATION_PREFIX + "/v1"
+FEDERATION_V2_PREFIX = FEDERATION_PREFIX + "/v2"
 STATIC_PREFIX = "/_matrix/static"
 WEB_CLIENT_PREFIX = "/_matrix/client"
 CONTENT_REPO_PREFIX = "/_matrix/content"
diff --git a/synapse/app/__init__.py b/synapse/app/__init__.py
index c3afcc573b..f56f5fcc13 100644
--- a/synapse/app/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/app/__init__.py
@@ -12,22 +12,38 @@
 # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
-
+import logging
 import sys
 
 from synapse import python_dependencies  # noqa: E402
 
 sys.dont_write_bytecode = True
 
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 try:
     python_dependencies.check_requirements()
-except python_dependencies.MissingRequirementError as e:
-    message = "\n".join([
-        "Missing Requirement: %s" % (str(e),),
-        "To install run:",
-        "    pip install --upgrade --force \"%s\"" % (e.dependency,),
-        "",
-    ])
-    sys.stderr.writelines(message)
+except python_dependencies.DependencyException as e:
+    sys.stderr.writelines(e.message)
     sys.exit(1)
+
+
+def check_bind_error(e, address, bind_addresses):
+    """
+    This method checks an exception occurred while binding on 0.0.0.0.
+    If :: is specified in the bind addresses a warning is shown.
+    The exception is still raised otherwise.
+
+    Binding on both 0.0.0.0 and :: causes an exception on Linux and macOS
+    because :: binds on both IPv4 and IPv6 (as per RFC 3493).
+    When binding on 0.0.0.0 after :: this can safely be ignored.
+
+    Args:
+        e (Exception): Exception that was caught.
+        address (str): Address on which binding was attempted.
+        bind_addresses (list): Addresses on which the service listens.
+    """
+    if address == '0.0.0.0' and '::' in bind_addresses:
+        logger.warn('Failed to listen on 0.0.0.0, continuing because listening on [::]')
+    else:
+        raise e
diff --git a/synapse/app/_base.py b/synapse/app/_base.py
index 18584226e9..32e8b8a3f5 100644
--- a/synapse/app/_base.py
+++ b/synapse/app/_base.py
@@ -15,18 +15,38 @@
 
 import gc
 import logging
+import signal
 import sys
+import traceback
 
 import psutil
 from daemonize import Daemonize
 
 from twisted.internet import error, reactor
+from twisted.protocols.tls import TLSMemoryBIOFactory
 
+import synapse
+from synapse.app import check_bind_error
+from synapse.crypto import context_factory
 from synapse.util import PreserveLoggingContext
 from synapse.util.rlimit import change_resource_limit
+from synapse.util.versionstring import get_version_string
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
+_sighup_callbacks = []
+
+
+def register_sighup(func):
+    """
+    Register a function to be called when a SIGHUP occurs.
+
+    Args:
+        func (function): Function to be called when sent a SIGHUP signal.
+            Will be called with a single argument, the homeserver.
+    """
+    _sighup_callbacks.append(func)
+
 
 def start_worker_reactor(appname, config):
     """ Run the reactor in the main process
@@ -135,62 +155,154 @@ def listen_metrics(bind_addresses, port):
     from prometheus_client import start_http_server
 
     for host in bind_addresses:
-        reactor.callInThread(start_http_server, int(port),
-                             addr=host, registry=RegistryProxy)
-        logger.info("Metrics now reporting on %s:%d", host, port)
+        logger.info("Starting metrics listener on %s:%d", host, port)
+        start_http_server(port, addr=host, registry=RegistryProxy)
 
 
 def listen_tcp(bind_addresses, port, factory, reactor=reactor, backlog=50):
     """
     Create a TCP socket for a port and several addresses
+
+    Returns:
+        list[twisted.internet.tcp.Port]: listening for TCP connections
     """
+    r = []
     for address in bind_addresses:
         try:
-            reactor.listenTCP(
-                port,
-                factory,
-                backlog,
-                address
+            r.append(
+                reactor.listenTCP(
+                    port,
+                    factory,
+                    backlog,
+                    address
+                )
             )
         except error.CannotListenError as e:
             check_bind_error(e, address, bind_addresses)
 
+    return r
+
 
 def listen_ssl(
     bind_addresses, port, factory, context_factory, reactor=reactor, backlog=50
 ):
     """
-    Create an SSL socket for a port and several addresses
+    Create an TLS-over-TCP socket for a port and several addresses
+
+    Returns:
+        list of twisted.internet.tcp.Port listening for TLS connections
     """
+    r = []
     for address in bind_addresses:
         try:
-            reactor.listenSSL(
-                port,
-                factory,
-                context_factory,
-                backlog,
-                address
+            r.append(
+                reactor.listenSSL(
+                    port,
+                    factory,
+                    context_factory,
+                    backlog,
+                    address
+                )
             )
         except error.CannotListenError as e:
             check_bind_error(e, address, bind_addresses)
 
+    return r
 
-def check_bind_error(e, address, bind_addresses):
+
+def refresh_certificate(hs):
+    """
+    Refresh the TLS certificates that Synapse is using by re-reading them from
+    disk and updating the TLS context factories to use them.
     """
-    This method checks an exception occurred while binding on 0.0.0.0.
-    If :: is specified in the bind addresses a warning is shown.
-    The exception is still raised otherwise.
 
-    Binding on both 0.0.0.0 and :: causes an exception on Linux and macOS
-    because :: binds on both IPv4 and IPv6 (as per RFC 3493).
-    When binding on 0.0.0.0 after :: this can safely be ignored.
+    if not hs.config.has_tls_listener():
+        # attempt to reload the certs for the good of the tls_fingerprints
+        hs.config.read_certificate_from_disk(require_cert_and_key=False)
+        return
+
+    hs.config.read_certificate_from_disk(require_cert_and_key=True)
+    hs.tls_server_context_factory = context_factory.ServerContextFactory(hs.config)
+
+    if hs._listening_services:
+        logger.info("Updating context factories...")
+        for i in hs._listening_services:
+            # When you listenSSL, it doesn't make an SSL port but a TCP one with
+            # a TLS wrapping factory around the factory you actually want to get
+            # requests. This factory attribute is public but missing from
+            # Twisted's documentation.
+            if isinstance(i.factory, TLSMemoryBIOFactory):
+                addr = i.getHost()
+                logger.info(
+                    "Replacing TLS context factory on [%s]:%i", addr.host, addr.port,
+                )
+                # We want to replace TLS factories with a new one, with the new
+                # TLS configuration. We do this by reaching in and pulling out
+                # the wrappedFactory, and then re-wrapping it.
+                i.factory = TLSMemoryBIOFactory(
+                    hs.tls_server_context_factory,
+                    False,
+                    i.factory.wrappedFactory
+                )
+        logger.info("Context factories updated.")
+
+
+def start(hs, listeners=None):
+    """
+    Start a Synapse server or worker.
 
     Args:
-        e (Exception): Exception that was caught.
-        address (str): Address on which binding was attempted.
-        bind_addresses (list): Addresses on which the service listens.
+        hs (synapse.server.HomeServer)
+        listeners (list[dict]): Listener configuration ('listeners' in homeserver.yaml)
     """
-    if address == '0.0.0.0' and '::' in bind_addresses:
-        logger.warn('Failed to listen on 0.0.0.0, continuing because listening on [::]')
-    else:
-        raise e
+    try:
+        # Set up the SIGHUP machinery.
+        if hasattr(signal, "SIGHUP"):
+            def handle_sighup(*args, **kwargs):
+                for i in _sighup_callbacks:
+                    i(hs)
+
+            signal.signal(signal.SIGHUP, handle_sighup)
+
+            register_sighup(refresh_certificate)
+
+        # Load the certificate from disk.
+        refresh_certificate(hs)
+
+        # It is now safe to start your Synapse.
+        hs.start_listening(listeners)
+        hs.get_datastore().start_profiling()
+
+        setup_sentry(hs)
+    except Exception:
+        traceback.print_exc(file=sys.stderr)
+        reactor = hs.get_reactor()
+        if reactor.running:
+            reactor.stop()
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+
+def setup_sentry(hs):
+    """Enable sentry integration, if enabled in configuration
+
+    Args:
+        hs (synapse.server.HomeServer)
+    """
+
+    if not hs.config.sentry_enabled:
+        return
+
+    import sentry_sdk
+    sentry_sdk.init(
+        dsn=hs.config.sentry_dsn,
+        release=get_version_string(synapse),
+    )
+
+    # We set some default tags that give some context to this instance
+    with sentry_sdk.configure_scope() as scope:
+        scope.set_tag("matrix_server_name", hs.config.server_name)
+
+        app = hs.config.worker_app if hs.config.worker_app else "synapse.app.homeserver"
+        name = hs.config.worker_name if hs.config.worker_name else "master"
+        scope.set_tag("worker_app", app)
+        scope.set_tag("worker_name", name)
diff --git a/synapse/app/appservice.py b/synapse/app/appservice.py
index 8559e141af..33107f56d1 100644
--- a/synapse/app/appservice.py
+++ b/synapse/app/appservice.py
@@ -168,12 +168,7 @@ def start(config_options):
     )
 
     ps.setup()
-    ps.start_listening(config.worker_listeners)
-
-    def start():
-        ps.get_datastore().start_profiling()
-
-    reactor.callWhenRunning(start)
+    reactor.callWhenRunning(_base.start, ps, config.worker_listeners)
 
     _base.start_worker_reactor("synapse-appservice", config)
 
diff --git a/synapse/app/client_reader.py b/synapse/app/client_reader.py
index 76aed8c60a..043b48f8f3 100644
--- a/synapse/app/client_reader.py
+++ b/synapse/app/client_reader.py
@@ -25,7 +25,6 @@ from synapse.app import _base
 from synapse.config._base import ConfigError
 from synapse.config.homeserver import HomeServerConfig
 from synapse.config.logger import setup_logging
-from synapse.crypto import context_factory
 from synapse.http.server import JsonResource
 from synapse.http.site import SynapseSite
 from synapse.metrics import RegistryProxy
@@ -41,6 +40,7 @@ from synapse.replication.slave.storage.registration import SlavedRegistrationSto
 from synapse.replication.slave.storage.room import RoomStore
 from synapse.replication.slave.storage.transactions import SlavedTransactionStore
 from synapse.replication.tcp.client import ReplicationClientHandler
+from synapse.rest.client.v1.login import LoginRestServlet
 from synapse.rest.client.v1.room import (
     JoinedRoomMemberListRestServlet,
     PublicRoomListRestServlet,
@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@ from synapse.rest.client.v1.room import (
     RoomMemberListRestServlet,
     RoomStateRestServlet,
 )
+from synapse.rest.client.v2_alpha.register import RegisterRestServlet
 from synapse.server import HomeServer
 from synapse.storage.engines import create_engine
 from synapse.util.httpresourcetree import create_resource_tree
@@ -93,6 +94,8 @@ class ClientReaderServer(HomeServer):
                     JoinedRoomMemberListRestServlet(self).register(resource)
                     RoomStateRestServlet(self).register(resource)
                     RoomEventContextServlet(self).register(resource)
+                    RegisterRestServlet(self).register(resource)
+                    LoginRestServlet(self).register(resource)
 
                     resources.update({
                         "/_matrix/client/r0": resource,
@@ -164,26 +167,16 @@ def start(config_options):
 
     database_engine = create_engine(config.database_config)
 
-    tls_server_context_factory = context_factory.ServerContextFactory(config)
-    tls_client_options_factory = context_factory.ClientTLSOptionsFactory(config)
-
     ss = ClientReaderServer(
         config.server_name,
         db_config=config.database_config,
-        tls_server_context_factory=tls_server_context_factory,
-        tls_client_options_factory=tls_client_options_factory,
         config=config,
         version_string="Synapse/" + get_version_string(synapse),
         database_engine=database_engine,
     )
 
     ss.setup()
-    ss.start_listening(config.worker_listeners)
-
-    def start():
-        ss.get_datastore().start_profiling()
-
-    reactor.callWhenRunning(start)
+    reactor.callWhenRunning(_base.start, ss, config.worker_listeners)
 
     _base.start_worker_reactor("synapse-client-reader", config)
 
diff --git a/synapse/app/event_creator.py b/synapse/app/event_creator.py
index e4a68715aa..b8e5196152 100644
--- a/synapse/app/event_creator.py
+++ b/synapse/app/event_creator.py
@@ -25,7 +25,6 @@ from synapse.app import _base
 from synapse.config._base import ConfigError
 from synapse.config.homeserver import HomeServerConfig
 from synapse.config.logger import setup_logging
-from synapse.crypto import context_factory
 from synapse.http.server import JsonResource
 from synapse.http.site import SynapseSite
 from synapse.metrics import RegistryProxy
@@ -185,26 +184,16 @@ def start(config_options):
 
     database_engine = create_engine(config.database_config)
 
-    tls_server_context_factory = context_factory.ServerContextFactory(config)
-    tls_client_options_factory = context_factory.ClientTLSOptionsFactory(config)
-
     ss = EventCreatorServer(
         config.server_name,
         db_config=config.database_config,
-        tls_server_context_factory=tls_server_context_factory,
-        tls_client_options_factory=tls_client_options_factory,
         config=config,
         version_string="Synapse/" + get_version_string(synapse),
         database_engine=database_engine,
     )
 
     ss.setup()
-    ss.start_listening(config.worker_listeners)
-
-    def start():
-        ss.get_datastore().start_profiling()
-
-    reactor.callWhenRunning(start)
+    reactor.callWhenRunning(_base.start, ss, config.worker_listeners)
 
     _base.start_worker_reactor("synapse-event-creator", config)
 
diff --git a/synapse/app/federation_reader.py b/synapse/app/federation_reader.py
index 228a297fb8..b116c17669 100644
--- a/synapse/app/federation_reader.py
+++ b/synapse/app/federation_reader.py
@@ -26,7 +26,6 @@ from synapse.app import _base
 from synapse.config._base import ConfigError
 from synapse.config.homeserver import HomeServerConfig
 from synapse.config.logger import setup_logging
-from synapse.crypto import context_factory
 from synapse.federation.transport.server import TransportLayerServer
 from synapse.http.site import SynapseSite
 from synapse.metrics import RegistryProxy
@@ -41,6 +40,7 @@ from synapse.replication.slave.storage.profile import SlavedProfileStore
 from synapse.replication.slave.storage.push_rule import SlavedPushRuleStore
 from synapse.replication.slave.storage.pushers import SlavedPusherStore
 from synapse.replication.slave.storage.receipts import SlavedReceiptsStore
+from synapse.replication.slave.storage.registration import SlavedRegistrationStore
 from synapse.replication.slave.storage.room import RoomStore
 from synapse.replication.slave.storage.transactions import SlavedTransactionStore
 from synapse.replication.tcp.client import ReplicationClientHandler
@@ -63,6 +63,7 @@ class FederationReaderSlavedStore(
     SlavedReceiptsStore,
     SlavedEventStore,
     SlavedKeyStore,
+    SlavedRegistrationStore,
     RoomStore,
     DirectoryStore,
     SlavedTransactionStore,
@@ -87,6 +88,16 @@ class FederationReaderServer(HomeServer):
                     resources.update({
                         FEDERATION_PREFIX: TransportLayerServer(self),
                     })
+                if name == "openid" and "federation" not in res["names"]:
+                    # Only load the openid resource separately if federation resource
+                    # is not specified since federation resource includes openid
+                    # resource.
+                    resources.update({
+                        FEDERATION_PREFIX: TransportLayerServer(
+                            self,
+                            servlet_groups=["openid"],
+                        ),
+                    })
 
         root_resource = create_resource_tree(resources, NoResource())
 
@@ -99,7 +110,8 @@ class FederationReaderServer(HomeServer):
                 listener_config,
                 root_resource,
                 self.version_string,
-            )
+            ),
+            reactor=self.get_reactor()
         )
 
         logger.info("Synapse federation reader now listening on port %d", port)
@@ -151,26 +163,16 @@ def start(config_options):
 
     database_engine = create_engine(config.database_config)
 
-    tls_server_context_factory = context_factory.ServerContextFactory(config)
-    tls_client_options_factory = context_factory.ClientTLSOptionsFactory(config)
-
     ss = FederationReaderServer(
         config.server_name,
         db_config=config.database_config,
-        tls_server_context_factory=tls_server_context_factory,
-        tls_client_options_factory=tls_client_options_factory,
         config=config,
         version_string="Synapse/" + get_version_string(synapse),
         database_engine=database_engine,
     )
 
     ss.setup()
-    ss.start_listening(config.worker_listeners)
-
-    def start():
-        ss.get_datastore().start_profiling()
-
-    reactor.callWhenRunning(start)
+    reactor.callWhenRunning(_base.start, ss, config.worker_listeners)
 
     _base.start_worker_reactor("synapse-federation-reader", config)
 
diff --git a/synapse/app/federation_sender.py b/synapse/app/federation_sender.py
index e9a99d76e1..a461442fdc 100644
--- a/synapse/app/federation_sender.py
+++ b/synapse/app/federation_sender.py
@@ -25,7 +25,6 @@ from synapse.app import _base
 from synapse.config._base import ConfigError
 from synapse.config.homeserver import HomeServerConfig
 from synapse.config.logger import setup_logging
-from synapse.crypto import context_factory
 from synapse.federation import send_queue
 from synapse.http.site import SynapseSite
 from synapse.metrics import RegistryProxy
@@ -183,26 +182,17 @@ def start(config_options):
     # Force the pushers to start since they will be disabled in the main config
     config.send_federation = True
 
-    tls_server_context_factory = context_factory.ServerContextFactory(config)
-    tls_client_options_factory = context_factory.ClientTLSOptionsFactory(config)
-
-    ps = FederationSenderServer(
+    ss = FederationSenderServer(
         config.server_name,
         db_config=config.database_config,
-        tls_server_context_factory=tls_server_context_factory,
-        tls_client_options_factory=tls_client_options_factory,
         config=config,
         version_string="Synapse/" + get_version_string(synapse),
         database_engine=database_engine,
     )
 
-    ps.setup()
-    ps.start_listening(config.worker_listeners)
-
-    def start():
-        ps.get_datastore().start_profiling()
+    ss.setup()
+    reactor.callWhenRunning(_base.start, ss, config.worker_listeners)
 
-    reactor.callWhenRunning(start)
     _base.start_worker_reactor("synapse-federation-sender", config)
 
 
diff --git a/synapse/app/frontend_proxy.py b/synapse/app/frontend_proxy.py
index f5c61dec5b..d5b954361d 100644
--- a/synapse/app/frontend_proxy.py
+++ b/synapse/app/frontend_proxy.py
@@ -26,7 +26,6 @@ from synapse.app import _base
 from synapse.config._base import ConfigError
 from synapse.config.homeserver import HomeServerConfig
 from synapse.config.logger import setup_logging
-from synapse.crypto import context_factory
 from synapse.http.server import JsonResource
 from synapse.http.servlet import RestServlet, parse_json_object_from_request
 from synapse.http.site import SynapseSite
@@ -241,26 +240,16 @@ def start(config_options):
 
     database_engine = create_engine(config.database_config)
 
-    tls_server_context_factory = context_factory.ServerContextFactory(config)
-    tls_client_options_factory = context_factory.ClientTLSOptionsFactory(config)
-
     ss = FrontendProxyServer(
         config.server_name,
         db_config=config.database_config,
-        tls_server_context_factory=tls_server_context_factory,
-        tls_client_options_factory=tls_client_options_factory,
         config=config,
         version_string="Synapse/" + get_version_string(synapse),
         database_engine=database_engine,
     )
 
     ss.setup()
-    ss.start_listening(config.worker_listeners)
-
-    def start():
-        ss.get_datastore().start_profiling()
-
-    reactor.callWhenRunning(start)
+    reactor.callWhenRunning(_base.start, ss, config.worker_listeners)
 
     _base.start_worker_reactor("synapse-frontend-proxy", config)
 
diff --git a/synapse/app/homeserver.py b/synapse/app/homeserver.py
index a03a3e4b8a..05a97979ec 100755
--- a/synapse/app/homeserver.py
+++ b/synapse/app/homeserver.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+# Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -13,6 +14,9 @@
 # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
+
+from __future__ import print_function
+
 import gc
 import logging
 import os
@@ -25,6 +29,7 @@ from prometheus_client import Gauge
 
 from twisted.application import service
 from twisted.internet import defer, reactor
+from twisted.python.failure import Failure
 from twisted.web.resource import EncodingResourceWrapper, NoResource
 from twisted.web.server import GzipEncoderFactory
 from twisted.web.static import File
@@ -45,7 +50,6 @@ from synapse.app import _base
 from synapse.app._base import listen_ssl, listen_tcp, quit_with_error
 from synapse.config._base import ConfigError
 from synapse.config.homeserver import HomeServerConfig
-from synapse.crypto import context_factory
 from synapse.federation.transport.server import TransportLayerServer
 from synapse.http.additional_resource import AdditionalResource
 from synapse.http.server import RootRedirect
@@ -54,7 +58,7 @@ from synapse.metrics import RegistryProxy
 from synapse.metrics.background_process_metrics import run_as_background_process
 from synapse.metrics.resource import METRICS_PREFIX, MetricsResource
 from synapse.module_api import ModuleApi
-from synapse.python_dependencies import CONDITIONAL_REQUIREMENTS, check_requirements
+from synapse.python_dependencies import check_requirements
 from synapse.replication.http import REPLICATION_PREFIX, ReplicationRestResource
 from synapse.replication.tcp.resource import ReplicationStreamProtocolFactory
 from synapse.rest import ClientRestResource
@@ -80,36 +84,6 @@ def gz_wrap(r):
     return EncodingResourceWrapper(r, [GzipEncoderFactory()])
 
 
-def build_resource_for_web_client(hs):
-    webclient_path = hs.get_config().web_client_location
-    if not webclient_path:
-        try:
-            import syweb
-        except ImportError:
-            quit_with_error(
-                "Could not find a webclient.\n\n"
-                "Please either install the matrix-angular-sdk or configure\n"
-                "the location of the source to serve via the configuration\n"
-                "option `web_client_location`\n\n"
-                "To install the `matrix-angular-sdk` via pip, run:\n\n"
-                "    pip install '%(dep)s'\n"
-                "\n"
-                "You can also disable hosting of the webclient via the\n"
-                "configuration option `web_client`\n"
-                % {"dep": CONDITIONAL_REQUIREMENTS["web_client"].keys()[0]}
-            )
-        syweb_path = os.path.dirname(syweb.__file__)
-        webclient_path = os.path.join(syweb_path, "webclient")
-    # GZip is disabled here due to
-    # https://twistedmatrix.com/trac/ticket/7678
-    # (It can stay enabled for the API resources: they call
-    # write() with the whole body and then finish() straight
-    # after and so do not trigger the bug.
-    # GzipFile was removed in commit 184ba09
-    # return GzipFile(webclient_path)  # TODO configurable?
-    return File(webclient_path)  # TODO configurable?
-
-
 class SynapseHomeServer(HomeServer):
     DATASTORE_CLASS = DataStore
 
@@ -119,12 +93,13 @@ class SynapseHomeServer(HomeServer):
         tls = listener_config.get("tls", False)
         site_tag = listener_config.get("tag", port)
 
-        if tls and config.no_tls:
-            return
-
         resources = {}
         for res in listener_config["resources"]:
             for name in res["names"]:
+                if name == "openid" and "federation" in res["names"]:
+                    # Skip loading openid resource if federation is defined
+                    # since federation resource will include openid
+                    continue
                 resources.update(self._configure_named_resource(
                     name, res.get("compress", False),
                 ))
@@ -138,15 +113,18 @@ class SynapseHomeServer(HomeServer):
             handler = handler_cls(config, module_api)
             resources[path] = AdditionalResource(self, handler.handle_request)
 
+        # try to find something useful to redirect '/' to
         if WEB_CLIENT_PREFIX in resources:
             root_resource = RootRedirect(WEB_CLIENT_PREFIX)
+        elif STATIC_PREFIX in resources:
+            root_resource = RootRedirect(STATIC_PREFIX)
         else:
             root_resource = NoResource()
 
         root_resource = create_resource_tree(resources, root_resource)
 
         if tls:
-            listen_ssl(
+            ports = listen_ssl(
                 bind_addresses,
                 port,
                 SynapseSite(
@@ -157,10 +135,12 @@ class SynapseHomeServer(HomeServer):
                     self.version_string,
                 ),
                 self.tls_server_context_factory,
+                reactor=self.get_reactor(),
             )
+            logger.info("Synapse now listening on TCP port %d (TLS)", port)
 
         else:
-            listen_tcp(
+            ports = listen_tcp(
                 bind_addresses,
                 port,
                 SynapseSite(
@@ -169,9 +149,12 @@ class SynapseHomeServer(HomeServer):
                     listener_config,
                     root_resource,
                     self.version_string,
-                )
+                ),
+                reactor=self.get_reactor(),
             )
-        logger.info("Synapse now listening on port %d", port)
+            logger.info("Synapse now listening on TCP port %d", port)
+
+        return ports
 
     def _configure_named_resource(self, name, compress=False):
         """Build a resource map for a named resource
@@ -199,6 +182,10 @@ class SynapseHomeServer(HomeServer):
                 "/.well-known/matrix/client": WellKnownResource(self),
             })
 
+            if self.get_config().saml2_enabled:
+                from synapse.rest.saml2 import SAML2Resource
+                resources["/_matrix/saml2"] = SAML2Resource(self)
+
         if name == "consent":
             from synapse.rest.consent.consent_resource import ConsentResource
             consent_resource = ConsentResource(self)
@@ -213,6 +200,11 @@ class SynapseHomeServer(HomeServer):
                 FEDERATION_PREFIX: TransportLayerServer(self),
             })
 
+        if name == "openid":
+            resources.update({
+                FEDERATION_PREFIX: TransportLayerServer(self, servlet_groups=["openid"]),
+            })
+
         if name in ["static", "client"]:
             resources.update({
                 STATIC_PREFIX: File(
@@ -239,7 +231,16 @@ class SynapseHomeServer(HomeServer):
             resources[SERVER_KEY_V2_PREFIX] = KeyApiV2Resource(self)
 
         if name == "webclient":
-            resources[WEB_CLIENT_PREFIX] = build_resource_for_web_client(self)
+            webclient_path = self.get_config().web_client_location
+
+            if webclient_path is None:
+                logger.warning(
+                    "Not enabling webclient resource, as web_client_location is unset."
+                )
+            else:
+                # GZip is disabled here due to
+                # https://twistedmatrix.com/trac/ticket/7678
+                resources[WEB_CLIENT_PREFIX] = File(webclient_path)
 
         if name == "metrics" and self.get_config().enable_metrics:
             resources[METRICS_PREFIX] = MetricsResource(RegistryProxy)
@@ -249,12 +250,14 @@ class SynapseHomeServer(HomeServer):
 
         return resources
 
-    def start_listening(self):
+    def start_listening(self, listeners):
         config = self.get_config()
 
-        for listener in config.listeners:
+        for listener in listeners:
             if listener["type"] == "http":
-                self._listener_http(config, listener)
+                self._listening_services.extend(
+                    self._listener_http(config, listener)
+                )
             elif listener["type"] == "manhole":
                 listen_tcp(
                     listener["bind_addresses"],
@@ -266,14 +269,14 @@ class SynapseHomeServer(HomeServer):
                     )
                 )
             elif listener["type"] == "replication":
-                bind_addresses = listener["bind_addresses"]
-                for address in bind_addresses:
-                    factory = ReplicationStreamProtocolFactory(self)
-                    server_listener = reactor.listenTCP(
-                        listener["port"], factory, interface=address
-                    )
+                services = listen_tcp(
+                    listener["bind_addresses"],
+                    listener["port"],
+                    ReplicationStreamProtocolFactory(self),
+                )
+                for s in services:
                     reactor.addSystemEventTrigger(
-                        "before", "shutdown", server_listener.stopListening,
+                        "before", "shutdown", s.stopListening,
                     )
             elif listener["type"] == "metrics":
                 if not self.get_config().enable_metrics:
@@ -334,24 +337,19 @@ def setup(config_options):
         # generating config files and shouldn't try to continue.
         sys.exit(0)
 
-    synapse.config.logger.setup_logging(config, use_worker_options=False)
-
-    # check any extra requirements we have now we have a config
-    check_requirements(config)
+    synapse.config.logger.setup_logging(
+        config,
+        use_worker_options=False
+    )
 
     events.USE_FROZEN_DICTS = config.use_frozen_dicts
 
-    tls_server_context_factory = context_factory.ServerContextFactory(config)
-    tls_client_options_factory = context_factory.ClientTLSOptionsFactory(config)
-
     database_engine = create_engine(config.database_config)
     config.database_config["args"]["cp_openfun"] = database_engine.on_new_connection
 
     hs = SynapseHomeServer(
         config.server_name,
         db_config=config.database_config,
-        tls_server_context_factory=tls_server_context_factory,
-        tls_client_options_factory=tls_client_options_factory,
         config=config,
         version_string="Synapse/" + get_version_string(synapse),
         database_engine=database_engine,
@@ -378,12 +376,79 @@ def setup(config_options):
     logger.info("Database prepared in %s.", config.database_config['name'])
 
     hs.setup()
-    hs.start_listening()
 
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def do_acme():
+        """
+        Reprovision an ACME certificate, if it's required.
+
+        Returns:
+            Deferred[bool]: Whether the cert has been updated.
+        """
+        acme = hs.get_acme_handler()
+
+        # Check how long the certificate is active for.
+        cert_days_remaining = hs.config.is_disk_cert_valid(
+            allow_self_signed=False
+        )
+
+        # We want to reprovision if cert_days_remaining is None (meaning no
+        # certificate exists), or the days remaining number it returns
+        # is less than our re-registration threshold.
+        provision = False
+
+        if (
+            cert_days_remaining is None or
+            cert_days_remaining < hs.config.acme_reprovision_threshold
+        ):
+            provision = True
+
+        if provision:
+            yield acme.provision_certificate()
+
+        defer.returnValue(provision)
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def reprovision_acme():
+        """
+        Provision a certificate from ACME, if required, and reload the TLS
+        certificate if it's renewed.
+        """
+        reprovisioned = yield do_acme()
+        if reprovisioned:
+            _base.refresh_certificate(hs)
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def start():
-        hs.get_pusherpool().start()
-        hs.get_datastore().start_profiling()
-        hs.get_datastore().start_doing_background_updates()
+        try:
+            # Run the ACME provisioning code, if it's enabled.
+            if hs.config.acme_enabled:
+                acme = hs.get_acme_handler()
+                # Start up the webservices which we will respond to ACME
+                # challenges with, and then provision.
+                yield acme.start_listening()
+                yield do_acme()
+
+                # Check if it needs to be reprovisioned every day.
+                hs.get_clock().looping_call(
+                    reprovision_acme,
+                    24 * 60 * 60 * 1000
+                )
+
+            _base.start(hs, config.listeners)
+
+            hs.get_pusherpool().start()
+            hs.get_datastore().start_doing_background_updates()
+        except Exception:
+            # Print the exception and bail out.
+            print("Error during startup:", file=sys.stderr)
+
+            # this gives better tracebacks than traceback.print_exc()
+            Failure().printTraceback(file=sys.stderr)
+
+            if reactor.running:
+                reactor.stop()
+            sys.exit(1)
 
     reactor.callWhenRunning(start)
 
@@ -391,7 +456,8 @@ def setup(config_options):
 
 
 class SynapseService(service.Service):
-    """A twisted Service class that will start synapse. Used to run synapse
+    """
+    A twisted Service class that will start synapse. Used to run synapse
     via twistd and a .tac.
     """
     def __init__(self, config):
@@ -551,7 +617,7 @@ def run(hs):
         )
 
     start_generate_monthly_active_users()
-    if hs.config.limit_usage_by_mau:
+    if hs.config.limit_usage_by_mau or hs.config.mau_stats_only:
         clock.looping_call(start_generate_monthly_active_users, 5 * 60 * 1000)
     # End of monthly active user settings
 
diff --git a/synapse/app/media_repository.py b/synapse/app/media_repository.py
index acc0487adc..d4cc4e9443 100644
--- a/synapse/app/media_repository.py
+++ b/synapse/app/media_repository.py
@@ -26,7 +26,6 @@ from synapse.app import _base
 from synapse.config._base import ConfigError
 from synapse.config.homeserver import HomeServerConfig
 from synapse.config.logger import setup_logging
-from synapse.crypto import context_factory
 from synapse.http.site import SynapseSite
 from synapse.metrics import RegistryProxy
 from synapse.metrics.resource import METRICS_PREFIX, MetricsResource
@@ -151,26 +150,16 @@ def start(config_options):
 
     database_engine = create_engine(config.database_config)
 
-    tls_server_context_factory = context_factory.ServerContextFactory(config)
-    tls_client_options_factory = context_factory.ClientTLSOptionsFactory(config)
-
     ss = MediaRepositoryServer(
         config.server_name,
         db_config=config.database_config,
-        tls_server_context_factory=tls_server_context_factory,
-        tls_client_options_factory=tls_client_options_factory,
         config=config,
         version_string="Synapse/" + get_version_string(synapse),
         database_engine=database_engine,
     )
 
     ss.setup()
-    ss.start_listening(config.worker_listeners)
-
-    def start():
-        ss.get_datastore().start_profiling()
-
-    reactor.callWhenRunning(start)
+    reactor.callWhenRunning(_base.start, ss, config.worker_listeners)
 
     _base.start_worker_reactor("synapse-media-repository", config)
 
diff --git a/synapse/app/pusher.py b/synapse/app/pusher.py
index 83b0863f00..cbf0d67f51 100644
--- a/synapse/app/pusher.py
+++ b/synapse/app/pusher.py
@@ -224,11 +224,10 @@ def start(config_options):
     )
 
     ps.setup()
-    ps.start_listening(config.worker_listeners)
 
     def start():
+        _base.start(ps, config.worker_listeners)
         ps.get_pusherpool().start()
-        ps.get_datastore().start_profiling()
 
     reactor.callWhenRunning(start)
 
diff --git a/synapse/app/synchrotron.py b/synapse/app/synchrotron.py
index 0354e82bf8..9163b56d86 100644
--- a/synapse/app/synchrotron.py
+++ b/synapse/app/synchrotron.py
@@ -445,12 +445,7 @@ def start(config_options):
     )
 
     ss.setup()
-    ss.start_listening(config.worker_listeners)
-
-    def start():
-        ss.get_datastore().start_profiling()
-
-    reactor.callWhenRunning(start)
+    reactor.callWhenRunning(_base.start, ss, config.worker_listeners)
 
     _base.start_worker_reactor("synapse-synchrotron", config)
 
diff --git a/synapse/app/user_dir.py b/synapse/app/user_dir.py
index 0a5f62b509..d1ab9512cd 100644
--- a/synapse/app/user_dir.py
+++ b/synapse/app/user_dir.py
@@ -26,7 +26,6 @@ from synapse.app import _base
 from synapse.config._base import ConfigError
 from synapse.config.homeserver import HomeServerConfig
 from synapse.config.logger import setup_logging
-from synapse.crypto import context_factory
 from synapse.http.server import JsonResource
 from synapse.http.site import SynapseSite
 from synapse.metrics import RegistryProxy
@@ -211,26 +210,16 @@ def start(config_options):
     # Force the pushers to start since they will be disabled in the main config
     config.update_user_directory = True
 
-    tls_server_context_factory = context_factory.ServerContextFactory(config)
-    tls_client_options_factory = context_factory.ClientTLSOptionsFactory(config)
-
-    ps = UserDirectoryServer(
+    ss = UserDirectoryServer(
         config.server_name,
         db_config=config.database_config,
-        tls_server_context_factory=tls_server_context_factory,
-        tls_client_options_factory=tls_client_options_factory,
         config=config,
         version_string="Synapse/" + get_version_string(synapse),
         database_engine=database_engine,
     )
 
-    ps.setup()
-    ps.start_listening(config.worker_listeners)
-
-    def start():
-        ps.get_datastore().start_profiling()
-
-    reactor.callWhenRunning(start)
+    ss.setup()
+    reactor.callWhenRunning(_base.start, ss, config.worker_listeners)
 
     _base.start_worker_reactor("synapse-user-dir", config)
 
diff --git a/synapse/config/__main__.py b/synapse/config/__main__.py
index 79fe9c3dac..fca35b008c 100644
--- a/synapse/config/__main__.py
+++ b/synapse/config/__main__.py
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ from synapse.config._base import ConfigError
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     import sys
-    from homeserver import HomeServerConfig
+    from synapse.config.homeserver import HomeServerConfig
 
     action = sys.argv[1]
 
diff --git a/synapse/config/_base.py b/synapse/config/_base.py
index 14dae65ea0..5aec43b702 100644
--- a/synapse/config/_base.py
+++ b/synapse/config/_base.py
@@ -135,10 +135,6 @@ class Config(object):
             return file_stream.read()
 
     @staticmethod
-    def default_path(name):
-        return os.path.abspath(os.path.join(os.path.curdir, name))
-
-    @staticmethod
     def read_config_file(file_path):
         with open(file_path) as file_stream:
             return yaml.load(file_stream)
@@ -151,8 +147,39 @@ class Config(object):
         return results
 
     def generate_config(
-        self, config_dir_path, server_name, is_generating_file, report_stats=None
+        self,
+        config_dir_path,
+        data_dir_path,
+        server_name,
+        generate_secrets=False,
+        report_stats=None,
     ):
+        """Build a default configuration file
+
+        This is used both when the user explicitly asks us to generate a config file
+        (eg with --generate_config), and before loading the config at runtime (to give
+        a base which the config files override)
+
+        Args:
+            config_dir_path (str): The path where the config files are kept. Used to
+                create filenames for things like the log config and the signing key.
+
+            data_dir_path (str): The path where the data files are kept. Used to create
+                filenames for things like the database and media store.
+
+            server_name (str): The server name. Used to initialise the server_name
+                config param, but also used in the names of some of the config files.
+
+            generate_secrets (bool): True if we should generate new secrets for things
+                like the macaroon_secret_key. If False, these parameters will be left
+                unset.
+
+            report_stats (bool|None): Initial setting for the report_stats setting.
+                If None, report_stats will be left unset.
+
+        Returns:
+            str: the yaml config file
+        """
         default_config = "# vim:ft=yaml\n"
 
         default_config += "\n\n".join(
@@ -160,15 +187,14 @@ class Config(object):
             for conf in self.invoke_all(
                 "default_config",
                 config_dir_path=config_dir_path,
+                data_dir_path=data_dir_path,
                 server_name=server_name,
-                is_generating_file=is_generating_file,
+                generate_secrets=generate_secrets,
                 report_stats=report_stats,
             )
         )
 
-        config = yaml.load(default_config)
-
-        return default_config, config
+        return default_config
 
     @classmethod
     def load_config(cls, description, argv):
@@ -231,7 +257,7 @@ class Config(object):
             "--keys-directory",
             metavar="DIRECTORY",
             help="Used with 'generate-*' options to specify where files such as"
-            " certs and signing keys should be stored in, unless explicitly"
+            " signing keys should be stored, unless explicitly"
             " specified in the config.",
         )
         config_parser.add_argument(
@@ -274,27 +300,24 @@ class Config(object):
                 if not cls.path_exists(config_dir_path):
                     os.makedirs(config_dir_path)
                 with open(config_path, "w") as config_file:
-                    config_str, config = obj.generate_config(
+                    config_str = obj.generate_config(
                         config_dir_path=config_dir_path,
+                        data_dir_path=os.getcwd(),
                         server_name=server_name,
                         report_stats=(config_args.report_stats == "yes"),
-                        is_generating_file=True,
+                        generate_secrets=True,
                     )
+                    config = yaml.load(config_str)
                     obj.invoke_all("generate_files", config)
                     config_file.write(config_str)
                 print(
                     (
                         "A config file has been generated in %r for server name"
-                        " %r with corresponding SSL keys and self-signed"
-                        " certificates. Please review this file and customise it"
+                        " %r. Please review this file and customise it"
                         " to your needs."
                     )
                     % (config_path, server_name)
                 )
-                print(
-                    "If this server name is incorrect, you will need to"
-                    " regenerate the SSL certificates"
-                )
                 return
             else:
                 print(
@@ -339,7 +362,7 @@ class Config(object):
         if not keys_directory:
             keys_directory = os.path.dirname(config_files[-1])
 
-        config_dir_path = os.path.abspath(keys_directory)
+        self.config_dir_path = os.path.abspath(keys_directory)
 
         specified_config = {}
         for config_file in config_files:
@@ -350,11 +373,13 @@ class Config(object):
             raise ConfigError(MISSING_SERVER_NAME)
 
         server_name = specified_config["server_name"]
-        _, config = self.generate_config(
-            config_dir_path=config_dir_path,
+        config_string = self.generate_config(
+            config_dir_path=self.config_dir_path,
+            data_dir_path=os.getcwd(),
             server_name=server_name,
-            is_generating_file=False,
+            generate_secrets=False,
         )
+        config = yaml.load(config_string)
         config.pop("log_config")
         config.update(specified_config)
 
diff --git a/synapse/config/api.py b/synapse/config/api.py
index 403d96ba76..e8a753f002 100644
--- a/synapse/config/api.py
+++ b/synapse/config/api.py
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ class ApiConfig(Config):
             EventTypes.JoinRules,
             EventTypes.CanonicalAlias,
             EventTypes.RoomAvatar,
+            EventTypes.RoomEncryption,
             EventTypes.Name,
         ])
 
@@ -32,9 +33,11 @@ class ApiConfig(Config):
         ## API Configuration ##
 
         # A list of event types that will be included in the room_invite_state
+        #
         room_invite_state_types:
             - "{JoinRules}"
             - "{CanonicalAlias}"
             - "{RoomAvatar}"
+            - "{RoomEncryption}"
             - "{Name}"
         """.format(**vars(EventTypes))
diff --git a/synapse/config/appservice.py b/synapse/config/appservice.py
index c21cb3dd87..c260d59464 100644
--- a/synapse/config/appservice.py
+++ b/synapse/config/appservice.py
@@ -38,10 +38,12 @@ class AppServiceConfig(Config):
     def default_config(cls, **kwargs):
         return """\
         # A list of application service config file to use
+        #
         app_service_config_files: []
 
         # Whether or not to track application service IP addresses. Implicitly
         # enables MAU tracking for application service users.
+        #
         track_appservice_user_ips: False
         """
 
diff --git a/synapse/config/captcha.py b/synapse/config/captcha.py
index 7ba0c2de6a..4064891ffb 100644
--- a/synapse/config/captcha.py
+++ b/synapse/config/captcha.py
@@ -30,14 +30,17 @@ class CaptchaConfig(Config):
         # See docs/CAPTCHA_SETUP for full details of configuring this.
 
         # This Home Server's ReCAPTCHA public key.
+        #
         recaptcha_public_key: "YOUR_PUBLIC_KEY"
 
         # This Home Server's ReCAPTCHA private key.
+        #
         recaptcha_private_key: "YOUR_PRIVATE_KEY"
 
         # Enables ReCaptcha checks when registering, preventing signup
         # unless a captcha is answered. Requires a valid ReCaptcha
         # public/private key.
+        #
         enable_registration_captcha: False
 
         # A secret key used to bypass the captcha test entirely.
diff --git a/synapse/config/cas.py b/synapse/config/cas.py
index 8109e5f95e..609c0815c8 100644
--- a/synapse/config/cas.py
+++ b/synapse/config/cas.py
@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ class CasConfig(Config):
     def default_config(self, config_dir_path, server_name, **kwargs):
         return """
         # Enable CAS for registration and login.
+        #
         #cas_config:
         #   enabled: true
         #   server_url: "https://cas-server.com"
diff --git a/synapse/config/consent_config.py b/synapse/config/consent_config.py
index f193a090ae..abeb0180d3 100644
--- a/synapse/config/consent_config.py
+++ b/synapse/config/consent_config.py
@@ -13,6 +13,10 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
+from os import path
+
+from synapse.config import ConfigError
+
 from ._base import Config
 
 DEFAULT_CONFIG = """\
@@ -50,20 +54,20 @@ DEFAULT_CONFIG = """\
 # for an account. Has no effect unless `require_at_registration` is enabled.
 # Defaults to "Privacy Policy".
 #
-# user_consent:
-#   template_dir: res/templates/privacy
-#   version: 1.0
-#   server_notice_content:
-#     msgtype: m.text
-#     body: >-
-#       To continue using this homeserver you must review and agree to the
-#       terms and conditions at %(consent_uri)s
-#   send_server_notice_to_guests: True
-#   block_events_error: >-
-#     To continue using this homeserver you must review and agree to the
-#     terms and conditions at %(consent_uri)s
-#   require_at_registration: False
-#   policy_name: Privacy Policy
+#user_consent:
+#  template_dir: res/templates/privacy
+#  version: 1.0
+#  server_notice_content:
+#    msgtype: m.text
+#    body: >-
+#      To continue using this homeserver you must review and agree to the
+#      terms and conditions at %(consent_uri)s
+#  send_server_notice_to_guests: True
+#  block_events_error: >-
+#    To continue using this homeserver you must review and agree to the
+#    terms and conditions at %(consent_uri)s
+#  require_at_registration: False
+#  policy_name: Privacy Policy
 #
 """
 
@@ -85,7 +89,15 @@ class ConsentConfig(Config):
         if consent_config is None:
             return
         self.user_consent_version = str(consent_config["version"])
-        self.user_consent_template_dir = consent_config["template_dir"]
+        self.user_consent_template_dir = self.abspath(
+            consent_config["template_dir"]
+        )
+        if not path.isdir(self.user_consent_template_dir):
+            raise ConfigError(
+                "Could not find template directory '%s'" % (
+                    self.user_consent_template_dir,
+                ),
+            )
         self.user_consent_server_notice_content = consent_config.get(
             "server_notice_content",
         )
diff --git a/synapse/config/database.py b/synapse/config/database.py
index e915d9d09b..c8890147a6 100644
--- a/synapse/config/database.py
+++ b/synapse/config/database.py
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
 # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
+import os
 
 from ._base import Config
 
@@ -45,8 +46,8 @@ class DatabaseConfig(Config):
 
         self.set_databasepath(config.get("database_path"))
 
-    def default_config(self, **kwargs):
-        database_path = self.abspath("homeserver.db")
+    def default_config(self, data_dir_path, **kwargs):
+        database_path = os.path.join(data_dir_path, "homeserver.db")
         return """\
         # Database configuration
         database:
diff --git a/synapse/config/groups.py b/synapse/config/groups.py
index 997fa2881f..46933a904c 100644
--- a/synapse/config/groups.py
+++ b/synapse/config/groups.py
@@ -24,9 +24,11 @@ class GroupsConfig(Config):
     def default_config(self, **kwargs):
         return """\
         # Whether to allow non server admins to create groups on this server
+        #
         enable_group_creation: false
 
         # If enabled, non server admins can only create groups with local parts
         # starting with this prefix
-        # group_creation_prefix: "unofficial/"
+        #
+        #group_creation_prefix: "unofficial/"
         """
diff --git a/synapse/config/homeserver.py b/synapse/config/homeserver.py
index 10dd40159f..727fdc54d8 100644
--- a/synapse/config/homeserver.py
+++ b/synapse/config/homeserver.py
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ from .ratelimiting import RatelimitConfig
 from .registration import RegistrationConfig
 from .repository import ContentRepositoryConfig
 from .room_directory import RoomDirectoryConfig
-from .saml2 import SAML2Config
+from .saml2_config import SAML2Config
 from .server import ServerConfig
 from .server_notices_config import ServerNoticesConfig
 from .spam_checker import SpamCheckerConfig
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ from .voip import VoipConfig
 from .workers import WorkerConfig
 
 
-class HomeServerConfig(TlsConfig, ServerConfig, DatabaseConfig, LoggingConfig,
+class HomeServerConfig(ServerConfig, TlsConfig, DatabaseConfig, LoggingConfig,
                        RatelimitConfig, ContentRepositoryConfig, CaptchaConfig,
                        VoipConfig, RegistrationConfig, MetricsConfig, ApiConfig,
                        AppServiceConfig, KeyConfig, SAML2Config, CasConfig,
@@ -53,10 +53,3 @@ class HomeServerConfig(TlsConfig, ServerConfig, DatabaseConfig, LoggingConfig,
                        ServerNoticesConfig, RoomDirectoryConfig,
                        ):
     pass
-
-
-if __name__ == '__main__':
-    import sys
-    sys.stdout.write(
-        HomeServerConfig().generate_config(sys.argv[1], sys.argv[2], True)[0]
-    )
diff --git a/synapse/config/jwt_config.py b/synapse/config/jwt_config.py
index 51e7f7e003..ecb4124096 100644
--- a/synapse/config/jwt_config.py
+++ b/synapse/config/jwt_config.py
@@ -46,8 +46,8 @@ class JWTConfig(Config):
         return """\
         # The JWT needs to contain a globally unique "sub" (subject) claim.
         #
-        # jwt_config:
-        #    enabled: true
-        #    secret: "a secret"
-        #    algorithm: "HS256"
+        #jwt_config:
+        #   enabled: true
+        #   secret: "a secret"
+        #   algorithm: "HS256"
         """
diff --git a/synapse/config/key.py b/synapse/config/key.py
index 279c47bb48..35f05fa974 100644
--- a/synapse/config/key.py
+++ b/synapse/config/key.py
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ class KeyConfig(Config):
     def read_config(self, config):
         self.signing_key = self.read_signing_key(config["signing_key_path"])
         self.old_signing_keys = self.read_old_signing_keys(
-            config["old_signing_keys"]
+            config.get("old_signing_keys", {})
         )
         self.key_refresh_interval = self.parse_duration(
             config["key_refresh_interval"]
@@ -56,9 +56,9 @@ class KeyConfig(Config):
         if not self.macaroon_secret_key:
             # Unfortunately, there are people out there that don't have this
             # set. Lets just be "nice" and derive one from their secret key.
-            logger.warn("Config is missing missing macaroon_secret_key")
-            seed = self.signing_key[0].seed
-            self.macaroon_secret_key = hashlib.sha256(seed)
+            logger.warn("Config is missing macaroon_secret_key")
+            seed = bytes(self.signing_key[0])
+            self.macaroon_secret_key = hashlib.sha256(seed).digest()
 
         self.expire_access_token = config.get("expire_access_token", False)
 
@@ -66,35 +66,46 @@ class KeyConfig(Config):
         # falsification of values
         self.form_secret = config.get("form_secret", None)
 
-    def default_config(self, config_dir_path, server_name, is_generating_file=False,
+    def default_config(self, config_dir_path, server_name, generate_secrets=False,
                        **kwargs):
         base_key_name = os.path.join(config_dir_path, server_name)
 
-        if is_generating_file:
-            macaroon_secret_key = random_string_with_symbols(50)
-            form_secret = '"%s"' % random_string_with_symbols(50)
+        if generate_secrets:
+            macaroon_secret_key = 'macaroon_secret_key: "%s"' % (
+                random_string_with_symbols(50),
+            )
+            form_secret = 'form_secret: "%s"' % random_string_with_symbols(50)
         else:
-            macaroon_secret_key = None
-            form_secret = 'null'
+            macaroon_secret_key = "# macaroon_secret_key: <PRIVATE STRING>"
+            form_secret = "# form_secret: <PRIVATE STRING>"
 
         return """\
-        macaroon_secret_key: "%(macaroon_secret_key)s"
+        # a secret which is used to sign access tokens. If none is specified,
+        # the registration_shared_secret is used, if one is given; otherwise,
+        # a secret key is derived from the signing key.
+        #
+        %(macaroon_secret_key)s
 
         # Used to enable access token expiration.
+        #
         expire_access_token: False
 
         # a secret which is used to calculate HMACs for form values, to stop
-        # falsification of values
-        form_secret: %(form_secret)s
+        # falsification of values. Must be specified for the User Consent
+        # forms to work.
+        #
+        %(form_secret)s
 
         ## Signing Keys ##
 
         # Path to the signing key to sign messages with
+        #
         signing_key_path: "%(base_key_name)s.signing.key"
 
         # The keys that the server used to sign messages with but won't use
         # to sign new messages. E.g. it has lost its private key
-        old_signing_keys: {}
+        #
+        #old_signing_keys:
         #  "ed25519:auto":
         #    # Base64 encoded public key
         #    key: "The public part of your old signing key."
@@ -105,9 +116,11 @@ class KeyConfig(Config):
         # Used to set the valid_until_ts in /key/v2 APIs.
         # Determines how quickly servers will query to check which keys
         # are still valid.
+        #
         key_refresh_interval: "1d" # 1 Day.
 
         # The trusted servers to download signing keys from.
+        #
         perspectives:
           servers:
             "matrix.org":
diff --git a/synapse/config/logger.py b/synapse/config/logger.py
index 7081868963..f6940b65fd 100644
--- a/synapse/config/logger.py
+++ b/synapse/config/logger.py
@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@
 import logging
 import logging.config
 import os
-import signal
 import sys
 from string import Template
 
@@ -24,6 +23,7 @@ import yaml
 from twisted.logger import STDLibLogObserver, globalLogBeginner
 
 import synapse
+from synapse.app import _base as appbase
 from synapse.util.logcontext import LoggingContextFilter
 from synapse.util.versionstring import get_version_string
 
@@ -80,11 +80,10 @@ class LoggingConfig(Config):
         self.log_file = self.abspath(config.get("log_file"))
 
     def default_config(self, config_dir_path, server_name, **kwargs):
-        log_config = self.abspath(
-            os.path.join(config_dir_path, server_name + ".log.config")
-        )
+        log_config = os.path.join(config_dir_path, server_name + ".log.config")
         return """
         # A yaml python logging config file
+        #
         log_config: "%(log_config)s"
         """ % locals()
 
@@ -138,6 +137,9 @@ def setup_logging(config, use_worker_options=False):
 
         use_worker_options (bool): True to use 'worker_log_config' and
             'worker_log_file' options instead of 'log_config' and 'log_file'.
+
+        register_sighup (func | None): Function to call to register a
+            sighup handler.
     """
     log_config = (config.worker_log_config if use_worker_options
                   else config.log_config)
@@ -180,7 +182,7 @@ def setup_logging(config, use_worker_options=False):
         else:
             handler = logging.StreamHandler()
 
-            def sighup(signum, stack):
+            def sighup(*args):
                 pass
 
         handler.setFormatter(formatter)
@@ -193,20 +195,14 @@ def setup_logging(config, use_worker_options=False):
             with open(log_config, 'r') as f:
                 logging.config.dictConfig(yaml.load(f))
 
-        def sighup(signum, stack):
+        def sighup(*args):
             # it might be better to use a file watcher or something for this.
             load_log_config()
             logging.info("Reloaded log config from %s due to SIGHUP", log_config)
 
         load_log_config()
 
-    # TODO(paul): obviously this is a terrible mechanism for
-    #   stealing SIGHUP, because it means no other part of synapse
-    #   can use it instead. If we want to catch SIGHUP anywhere
-    #   else as well, I'd suggest we find a nicer way to broadcast
-    #   it around.
-    if getattr(signal, "SIGHUP"):
-        signal.signal(signal.SIGHUP, sighup)
+    appbase.register_sighup(sighup)
 
     # make sure that the first thing we log is a thing we can grep backwards
     # for
@@ -247,3 +243,5 @@ def setup_logging(config, use_worker_options=False):
         [_log],
         redirectStandardIO=not config.no_redirect_stdio,
     )
+    if not config.no_redirect_stdio:
+        print("Redirected stdout/stderr to logs")
diff --git a/synapse/config/metrics.py b/synapse/config/metrics.py
index 61155c99d0..ed0498c634 100644
--- a/synapse/config/metrics.py
+++ b/synapse/config/metrics.py
@@ -13,7 +13,13 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
-from ._base import Config
+from ._base import Config, ConfigError
+
+MISSING_SENTRY = (
+    """Missing sentry-sdk library. This is required to enable sentry
+    integration.
+    """
+)
 
 
 class MetricsConfig(Config):
@@ -23,11 +29,43 @@ class MetricsConfig(Config):
         self.metrics_port = config.get("metrics_port")
         self.metrics_bind_host = config.get("metrics_bind_host", "127.0.0.1")
 
+        self.sentry_enabled = "sentry" in config
+        if self.sentry_enabled:
+            try:
+                import sentry_sdk  # noqa F401
+            except ImportError:
+                raise ConfigError(MISSING_SENTRY)
+
+            self.sentry_dsn = config["sentry"].get("dsn")
+            if not self.sentry_dsn:
+                raise ConfigError(
+                    "sentry.dsn field is required when sentry integration is enabled",
+                )
+
     def default_config(self, report_stats=None, **kwargs):
-        suffix = "" if report_stats is None else "report_stats: %(report_stats)s\n"
-        return ("""\
+        res = """\
         ## Metrics ###
 
         # Enable collection and rendering of performance metrics
+        #
         enable_metrics: False
-        """ + suffix) % locals()
+
+        # Enable sentry integration
+        # NOTE: While attempts are made to ensure that the logs don't contain
+        # any sensitive information, this cannot be guaranteed. By enabling
+        # this option the sentry server may therefore receive sensitive
+        # information, and it in turn may then diseminate sensitive information
+        # through insecure notification channels if so configured.
+        #
+        #sentry:
+        #    dsn: "..."
+
+        # Whether or not to report anonymized homeserver usage statistics.
+        """
+
+        if report_stats is None:
+            res += "# report_stats: true|false\n"
+        else:
+            res += "report_stats: %s\n" % ('true' if report_stats else 'false')
+
+        return res
diff --git a/synapse/config/password.py b/synapse/config/password.py
index a4bd171399..2a52b9db54 100644
--- a/synapse/config/password.py
+++ b/synapse/config/password.py
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ class PasswordConfig(Config):
     def default_config(self, config_dir_path, server_name, **kwargs):
         return """
         # Enable password for login.
+        #
         password_config:
            enabled: true
            # Uncomment and change to a secret random string for extra security.
diff --git a/synapse/config/password_auth_providers.py b/synapse/config/password_auth_providers.py
index f4066abc28..f0a6be0679 100644
--- a/synapse/config/password_auth_providers.py
+++ b/synapse/config/password_auth_providers.py
@@ -52,18 +52,18 @@ class PasswordAuthProviderConfig(Config):
 
     def default_config(self, **kwargs):
         return """\
-        # password_providers:
-        #     - module: "ldap_auth_provider.LdapAuthProvider"
-        #       config:
-        #         enabled: true
-        #         uri: "ldap://ldap.example.com:389"
-        #         start_tls: true
-        #         base: "ou=users,dc=example,dc=com"
-        #         attributes:
-        #            uid: "cn"
-        #            mail: "email"
-        #            name: "givenName"
-        #         #bind_dn:
-        #         #bind_password:
-        #         #filter: "(objectClass=posixAccount)"
+        #password_providers:
+        #    - module: "ldap_auth_provider.LdapAuthProvider"
+        #      config:
+        #        enabled: true
+        #        uri: "ldap://ldap.example.com:389"
+        #        start_tls: true
+        #        base: "ou=users,dc=example,dc=com"
+        #        attributes:
+        #           uid: "cn"
+        #           mail: "email"
+        #           name: "givenName"
+        #        #bind_dn:
+        #        #bind_password:
+        #        #filter: "(objectClass=posixAccount)"
         """
diff --git a/synapse/config/push.py b/synapse/config/push.py
index b7e0d46afa..62c0060c9c 100644
--- a/synapse/config/push.py
+++ b/synapse/config/push.py
@@ -51,11 +51,11 @@ class PushConfig(Config):
         # notification request includes the content of the event (other details
         # like the sender are still included). For `event_id_only` push, it
         # has no effect.
-
+        #
         # For modern android devices the notification content will still appear
         # because it is loaded by the app. iPhone, however will send a
         # notification saying only that a message arrived and who it came from.
         #
         #push:
-        #   include_content: true
+        #  include_content: true
         """
diff --git a/synapse/config/ratelimiting.py b/synapse/config/ratelimiting.py
index 83b22dc199..54b71e6841 100644
--- a/synapse/config/ratelimiting.py
+++ b/synapse/config/ratelimiting.py
@@ -32,27 +32,34 @@ class RatelimitConfig(Config):
         ## Ratelimiting ##
 
         # Number of messages a client can send per second
+        #
         rc_messages_per_second: 0.2
 
         # Number of message a client can send before being throttled
+        #
         rc_message_burst_count: 10.0
 
         # The federation window size in milliseconds
+        #
         federation_rc_window_size: 1000
 
         # The number of federation requests from a single server in a window
         # before the server will delay processing the request.
+        #
         federation_rc_sleep_limit: 10
 
         # The duration in milliseconds to delay processing events from
         # remote servers by if they go over the sleep limit.
+        #
         federation_rc_sleep_delay: 500
 
         # The maximum number of concurrent federation requests allowed
         # from a single server
+        #
         federation_rc_reject_limit: 50
 
         # The number of federation requests to concurrently process from a
         # single server
+        #
         federation_rc_concurrent: 3
         """
diff --git a/synapse/config/registration.py b/synapse/config/registration.py
index e365f0c30b..2881482f96 100644
--- a/synapse/config/registration.py
+++ b/synapse/config/registration.py
@@ -50,8 +50,17 @@ class RegistrationConfig(Config):
                 raise ConfigError('Invalid auto_join_rooms entry %s' % (room_alias,))
         self.autocreate_auto_join_rooms = config.get("autocreate_auto_join_rooms", True)
 
-    def default_config(self, **kwargs):
-        registration_shared_secret = random_string_with_symbols(50)
+        self.disable_msisdn_registration = (
+            config.get("disable_msisdn_registration", False)
+        )
+
+    def default_config(self, generate_secrets=False, **kwargs):
+        if generate_secrets:
+            registration_shared_secret = 'registration_shared_secret: "%s"' % (
+                random_string_with_symbols(50),
+            )
+        else:
+            registration_shared_secret = '# registration_shared_secret: <PRIVATE STRING>'
 
         return """\
         ## Registration ##
@@ -61,35 +70,43 @@ class RegistrationConfig(Config):
 
         # The user must provide all of the below types of 3PID when registering.
         #
-        # registrations_require_3pid:
-        #     - email
-        #     - msisdn
+        #registrations_require_3pid:
+        #  - email
+        #  - msisdn
+
+        # Explicitly disable asking for MSISDNs from the registration
+        # flow (overrides registrations_require_3pid if MSISDNs are set as required)
+        #
+        #disable_msisdn_registration: True
 
         # Mandate that users are only allowed to associate certain formats of
         # 3PIDs with accounts on this server.
         #
-        # allowed_local_3pids:
-        #     - medium: email
-        #       pattern: ".*@matrix\\.org"
-        #     - medium: email
-        #       pattern: ".*@vector\\.im"
-        #     - medium: msisdn
-        #       pattern: "\\+44"
+        #allowed_local_3pids:
+        #  - medium: email
+        #    pattern: '.*@matrix\\.org'
+        #  - medium: email
+        #    pattern: '.*@vector\\.im'
+        #  - medium: msisdn
+        #    pattern: '\\+44'
 
         # If set, allows registration by anyone who also has the shared
         # secret, even if registration is otherwise disabled.
-        registration_shared_secret: "%(registration_shared_secret)s"
+        #
+        %(registration_shared_secret)s
 
         # Set the number of bcrypt rounds used to generate password hash.
         # Larger numbers increase the work factor needed to generate the hash.
         # The default number is 12 (which equates to 2^12 rounds).
         # N.B. that increasing this will exponentially increase the time required
         # to register or login - e.g. 24 => 2^24 rounds which will take >20 mins.
+        #
         bcrypt_rounds: 12
 
         # Allows users to register as guests without a password/email/etc, and
         # participate in rooms hosted on this server which have been made
         # accessible to anonymous users.
+        #
         allow_guest_access: False
 
         # The identity server which we suggest that clients should use when users log
@@ -98,27 +115,30 @@ class RegistrationConfig(Config):
         # (By default, no suggestion is made, so it is left up to the client.
         # This setting is ignored unless public_baseurl is also set.)
         #
-        # default_identity_server: https://matrix.org
+        #default_identity_server: https://matrix.org
 
         # The list of identity servers trusted to verify third party
         # identifiers by this server.
         #
         # Also defines the ID server which will be called when an account is
         # deactivated (one will be picked arbitrarily).
+        #
         trusted_third_party_id_servers:
-            - matrix.org
-            - vector.im
+          - matrix.org
+          - vector.im
 
         # Users who register on this homeserver will automatically be joined
         # to these rooms
+        #
         #auto_join_rooms:
-        #    - "#example:example.com"
+        #  - "#example:example.com"
 
         # Where auto_join_rooms are specified, setting this flag ensures that the
         # the rooms exist by creating them when the first user on the
         # homeserver registers.
         # Setting to false means that if the rooms are not manually created,
         # users cannot be auto-joined since they do not exist.
+        #
         autocreate_auto_join_rooms: true
         """ % locals()
 
diff --git a/synapse/config/repository.py b/synapse/config/repository.py
index 06c62ab62c..97db2a5b7a 100644
--- a/synapse/config/repository.py
+++ b/synapse/config/repository.py
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
-
+import os
 from collections import namedtuple
 
 from synapse.util.module_loader import load_module
@@ -175,34 +175,39 @@ class ContentRepositoryConfig(Config):
                 "url_preview_url_blacklist", ()
             )
 
-    def default_config(self, **kwargs):
-        media_store = self.default_path("media_store")
-        uploads_path = self.default_path("uploads")
+    def default_config(self, data_dir_path, **kwargs):
+        media_store = os.path.join(data_dir_path, "media_store")
+        uploads_path = os.path.join(data_dir_path, "uploads")
         return r"""
         # Directory where uploaded images and attachments are stored.
+        #
         media_store_path: "%(media_store)s"
 
         # Media storage providers allow media to be stored in different
         # locations.
-        # media_storage_providers:
-        # - module: file_system
-        #   # Whether to write new local files.
-        #   store_local: false
-        #   # Whether to write new remote media
-        #   store_remote: false
-        #   # Whether to block upload requests waiting for write to this
-        #   # provider to complete
-        #   store_synchronous: false
-        #   config:
-        #     directory: /mnt/some/other/directory
+        #
+        #media_storage_providers:
+        #  - module: file_system
+        #    # Whether to write new local files.
+        #    store_local: false
+        #    # Whether to write new remote media
+        #    store_remote: false
+        #    # Whether to block upload requests waiting for write to this
+        #    # provider to complete
+        #    store_synchronous: false
+        #    config:
+        #       directory: /mnt/some/other/directory
 
         # Directory where in-progress uploads are stored.
+        #
         uploads_path: "%(uploads_path)s"
 
         # The largest allowed upload size in bytes
+        #
         max_upload_size: "10M"
 
         # Maximum number of pixels that will be thumbnailed
+        #
         max_image_pixels: "32M"
 
         # Whether to generate new thumbnails on the fly to precisely match
@@ -210,9 +215,11 @@ class ContentRepositoryConfig(Config):
         # a new resolution is requested by the client the server will
         # generate a new thumbnail. If false the server will pick a thumbnail
         # from a precalculated list.
+        #
         dynamic_thumbnails: false
 
-        # List of thumbnail to precalculate when an image is uploaded.
+        # List of thumbnails to precalculate when an image is uploaded.
+        #
         thumbnail_sizes:
         - width: 32
           height: 32
@@ -233,6 +240,7 @@ class ContentRepositoryConfig(Config):
         # Is the preview URL API enabled?  If enabled, you *must* specify
         # an explicit url_preview_ip_range_blacklist of IPs that the spider is
         # denied from accessing.
+        #
         url_preview_enabled: False
 
         # List of IP address CIDR ranges that the URL preview spider is denied
@@ -243,16 +251,16 @@ class ContentRepositoryConfig(Config):
         # synapse to issue arbitrary GET requests to your internal services,
         # causing serious security issues.
         #
-        # url_preview_ip_range_blacklist:
-        # - '127.0.0.0/8'
-        # - '10.0.0.0/8'
-        # - '172.16.0.0/12'
-        # - '192.168.0.0/16'
-        # - '100.64.0.0/10'
-        # - '169.254.0.0/16'
-        # - '::1/128'
-        # - 'fe80::/64'
-        # - 'fc00::/7'
+        #url_preview_ip_range_blacklist:
+        #  - '127.0.0.0/8'
+        #  - '10.0.0.0/8'
+        #  - '172.16.0.0/12'
+        #  - '192.168.0.0/16'
+        #  - '100.64.0.0/10'
+        #  - '169.254.0.0/16'
+        #  - '::1/128'
+        #  - 'fe80::/64'
+        #  - 'fc00::/7'
         #
         # List of IP address CIDR ranges that the URL preview spider is allowed
         # to access even if they are specified in url_preview_ip_range_blacklist.
@@ -260,8 +268,8 @@ class ContentRepositoryConfig(Config):
         # target IP ranges - e.g. for enabling URL previews for a specific private
         # website only visible in your network.
         #
-        # url_preview_ip_range_whitelist:
-        # - '192.168.1.1'
+        #url_preview_ip_range_whitelist:
+        #   - '192.168.1.1'
 
         # Optional list of URL matches that the URL preview spider is
         # denied from accessing.  You should use url_preview_ip_range_blacklist
@@ -279,26 +287,25 @@ class ContentRepositoryConfig(Config):
         # specified component matches for a given list item succeed, the URL is
         # blacklisted.
         #
-        # url_preview_url_blacklist:
-        # # blacklist any URL with a username in its URI
-        # - username: '*'
+        #url_preview_url_blacklist:
+        #  # blacklist any URL with a username in its URI
+        #  - username: '*'
         #
-        # # blacklist all *.google.com URLs
-        # - netloc: 'google.com'
-        # - netloc: '*.google.com'
+        #  # blacklist all *.google.com URLs
+        #  - netloc: 'google.com'
+        #  - netloc: '*.google.com'
         #
-        # # blacklist all plain HTTP URLs
-        # - scheme: 'http'
+        #  # blacklist all plain HTTP URLs
+        #  - scheme: 'http'
         #
-        # # blacklist http(s)://www.acme.com/foo
-        # - netloc: 'www.acme.com'
-        #   path: '/foo'
+        #  # blacklist http(s)://www.acme.com/foo
+        #  - netloc: 'www.acme.com'
+        #    path: '/foo'
         #
-        # # blacklist any URL with a literal IPv4 address
-        # - netloc: '^[0-9]+\.[0-9]+\.[0-9]+\.[0-9]+$'
+        #  # blacklist any URL with a literal IPv4 address
+        #  - netloc: '^[0-9]+\.[0-9]+\.[0-9]+\.[0-9]+$'
 
         # The largest allowed URL preview spidering size in bytes
         max_spider_size: "10M"
 
-
         """ % locals()
diff --git a/synapse/config/room_directory.py b/synapse/config/room_directory.py
index 9da13ab11b..9b897abe3c 100644
--- a/synapse/config/room_directory.py
+++ b/synapse/config/room_directory.py
@@ -20,12 +20,37 @@ from ._base import Config, ConfigError
 
 class RoomDirectoryConfig(Config):
     def read_config(self, config):
-        alias_creation_rules = config["alias_creation_rules"]
+        alias_creation_rules = config.get("alias_creation_rules")
 
-        self._alias_creation_rules = [
-            _AliasRule(rule)
-            for rule in alias_creation_rules
-        ]
+        if alias_creation_rules is not None:
+            self._alias_creation_rules = [
+                _RoomDirectoryRule("alias_creation_rules", rule)
+                for rule in alias_creation_rules
+            ]
+        else:
+            self._alias_creation_rules = [
+                _RoomDirectoryRule(
+                    "alias_creation_rules", {
+                        "action": "allow",
+                    }
+                )
+            ]
+
+        room_list_publication_rules = config.get("room_list_publication_rules")
+
+        if room_list_publication_rules is not None:
+            self._room_list_publication_rules = [
+                _RoomDirectoryRule("room_list_publication_rules", rule)
+                for rule in room_list_publication_rules
+            ]
+        else:
+            self._room_list_publication_rules = [
+                _RoomDirectoryRule(
+                    "room_list_publication_rules", {
+                        "action": "allow",
+                    }
+                )
+            ]
 
     def default_config(self, config_dir_path, server_name, **kwargs):
         return """
@@ -33,60 +58,138 @@ class RoomDirectoryConfig(Config):
         # on this server.
         #
         # The format of this option is a list of rules that contain globs that
-        # match against user_id and the new alias (fully qualified with server
-        # name). The action in the first rule that matches is taken, which can
-        # currently either be "allow" or "deny".
+        # match against user_id, room_id and the new alias (fully qualified with
+        # server name). The action in the first rule that matches is taken,
+        # which can currently either be "allow" or "deny".
+        #
+        # Missing user_id/room_id/alias fields default to "*".
+        #
+        # If no rules match the request is denied. An empty list means no one
+        # can create aliases.
+        #
+        # Options for the rules include:
+        #
+        #   user_id: Matches against the creator of the alias
+        #   alias: Matches against the alias being created
+        #   room_id: Matches against the room ID the alias is being pointed at
+        #   action: Whether to "allow" or "deny" the request if the rule matches
+        #
+        # The default is:
+        #
+        #alias_creation_rules:
+        #  - user_id: "*"
+        #    alias: "*"
+        #    room_id: "*"
+        #    action: allow
+
+        # The `room_list_publication_rules` option controls who can publish and
+        # which rooms can be published in the public room list.
+        #
+        # The format of this option is the same as that for
+        # `alias_creation_rules`.
         #
-        # If no rules match the request is denied.
-        alias_creation_rules:
-            - user_id: "*"
-              alias: "*"
-              action: allow
+        # If the room has one or more aliases associated with it, only one of
+        # the aliases needs to match the alias rule. If there are no aliases
+        # then only rules with `alias: *` match.
+        #
+        # If no rules match the request is denied. An empty list means no one
+        # can publish rooms.
+        #
+        # Options for the rules include:
+        #
+        #   user_id: Matches agaisnt the creator of the alias
+        #   room_id: Matches against the room ID being published
+        #   alias: Matches against any current local or canonical aliases
+        #            associated with the room
+        #   action: Whether to "allow" or "deny" the request if the rule matches
+        #
+        # The default is:
+        #
+        #room_list_publication_rules:
+        #  - user_id: "*"
+        #    alias: "*"
+        #    room_id: "*"
+        #    action: allow
         """
 
-    def is_alias_creation_allowed(self, user_id, alias):
+    def is_alias_creation_allowed(self, user_id, room_id, alias):
         """Checks if the given user is allowed to create the given alias
 
         Args:
             user_id (str)
+            room_id (str)
             alias (str)
 
         Returns:
             boolean: True if user is allowed to crate the alias
         """
         for rule in self._alias_creation_rules:
-            if rule.matches(user_id, alias):
+            if rule.matches(user_id, room_id, [alias]):
+                return rule.action == "allow"
+
+        return False
+
+    def is_publishing_room_allowed(self, user_id, room_id, aliases):
+        """Checks if the given user is allowed to publish the room
+
+        Args:
+            user_id (str)
+            room_id (str)
+            aliases (list[str]): any local aliases associated with the room
+
+        Returns:
+            boolean: True if user can publish room
+        """
+        for rule in self._room_list_publication_rules:
+            if rule.matches(user_id, room_id, aliases):
                 return rule.action == "allow"
 
         return False
 
 
-class _AliasRule(object):
-    def __init__(self, rule):
+class _RoomDirectoryRule(object):
+    """Helper class to test whether a room directory action is allowed, like
+    creating an alias or publishing a room.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, option_name, rule):
+        """
+        Args:
+            option_name (str): Name of the config option this rule belongs to
+            rule (dict): The rule as specified in the config
+        """
+
         action = rule["action"]
-        user_id = rule["user_id"]
-        alias = rule["alias"]
+        user_id = rule.get("user_id", "*")
+        room_id = rule.get("room_id", "*")
+        alias = rule.get("alias", "*")
 
         if action in ("allow", "deny"):
             self.action = action
         else:
             raise ConfigError(
-                "alias_creation_rules rules can only have action of 'allow'"
-                " or 'deny'"
+                "%s rules can only have action of 'allow'"
+                " or 'deny'" % (option_name,)
             )
 
+        self._alias_matches_all = alias == "*"
+
         try:
             self._user_id_regex = glob_to_regex(user_id)
             self._alias_regex = glob_to_regex(alias)
+            self._room_id_regex = glob_to_regex(room_id)
         except Exception as e:
             raise ConfigError("Failed to parse glob into regex: %s", e)
 
-    def matches(self, user_id, alias):
-        """Tests if this rule matches the given user_id and alias.
+    def matches(self, user_id, room_id, aliases):
+        """Tests if this rule matches the given user_id, room_id and aliases.
 
         Args:
             user_id (str)
-            alias (str)
+            room_id (str)
+            aliases (list[str]): The associated aliases to the room. Will be a
+                single element for testing alias creation, and can be empty for
+                testing room publishing.
 
         Returns:
             boolean
@@ -96,7 +199,22 @@ class _AliasRule(object):
         if not self._user_id_regex.match(user_id):
             return False
 
-        if not self._alias_regex.match(alias):
+        if not self._room_id_regex.match(room_id):
             return False
 
-        return True
+        # We only have alias checks left, so we can short circuit if the alias
+        # rule matches everything.
+        if self._alias_matches_all:
+            return True
+
+        # If we are not given any aliases then this rule only matches if the
+        # alias glob matches all aliases, which we checked above.
+        if not aliases:
+            return False
+
+        # Otherwise, we just need one alias to match
+        for alias in aliases:
+            if self._alias_regex.match(alias):
+                return True
+
+        return False
diff --git a/synapse/config/saml2.py b/synapse/config/saml2.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 8d7f443021..0000000000
--- a/synapse/config/saml2.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,55 +0,0 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-# Copyright 2015 Ericsson
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-
-from ._base import Config
-
-
-class SAML2Config(Config):
-    """SAML2 Configuration
-    Synapse uses pysaml2 libraries for providing SAML2 support
-
-    config_path:      Path to the sp_conf.py configuration file
-    idp_redirect_url: Identity provider URL which will redirect
-                      the user back to /login/saml2 with proper info.
-
-    sp_conf.py file is something like:
-    https://github.com/rohe/pysaml2/blob/master/example/sp-repoze/sp_conf.py.example
-
-    More information: https://pythonhosted.org/pysaml2/howto/config.html
-    """
-
-    def read_config(self, config):
-        saml2_config = config.get("saml2_config", None)
-        if saml2_config:
-            self.saml2_enabled = saml2_config.get("enabled", True)
-            self.saml2_config_path = saml2_config["config_path"]
-            self.saml2_idp_redirect_url = saml2_config["idp_redirect_url"]
-        else:
-            self.saml2_enabled = False
-            self.saml2_config_path = None
-            self.saml2_idp_redirect_url = None
-
-    def default_config(self, config_dir_path, server_name, **kwargs):
-        return """
-        # Enable SAML2 for registration and login. Uses pysaml2
-        # config_path:      Path to the sp_conf.py configuration file
-        # idp_redirect_url: Identity provider URL which will redirect
-        #                   the user back to /login/saml2 with proper info.
-        # See pysaml2 docs for format of config.
-        #saml2_config:
-        #   enabled: true
-        #   config_path: "%s/sp_conf.py"
-        #   idp_redirect_url: "http://%s/idp"
-        """ % (config_dir_path, server_name)
diff --git a/synapse/config/saml2_config.py b/synapse/config/saml2_config.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..aff0a1f00c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/config/saml2_config.py
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+from ._base import Config, ConfigError
+
+
+class SAML2Config(Config):
+    def read_config(self, config):
+        self.saml2_enabled = False
+
+        saml2_config = config.get("saml2_config")
+
+        if not saml2_config or not saml2_config.get("enabled", True):
+            return
+
+        self.saml2_enabled = True
+
+        import saml2.config
+        self.saml2_sp_config = saml2.config.SPConfig()
+        self.saml2_sp_config.load(self._default_saml_config_dict())
+        self.saml2_sp_config.load(saml2_config.get("sp_config", {}))
+
+        config_path = saml2_config.get("config_path", None)
+        if config_path is not None:
+            self.saml2_sp_config.load_file(config_path)
+
+    def _default_saml_config_dict(self):
+        import saml2
+
+        public_baseurl = self.public_baseurl
+        if public_baseurl is None:
+            raise ConfigError(
+                "saml2_config requires a public_baseurl to be set"
+            )
+
+        metadata_url = public_baseurl + "_matrix/saml2/metadata.xml"
+        response_url = public_baseurl + "_matrix/saml2/authn_response"
+        return {
+            "entityid": metadata_url,
+
+            "service": {
+                "sp": {
+                    "endpoints": {
+                        "assertion_consumer_service": [
+                            (response_url, saml2.BINDING_HTTP_POST),
+                        ],
+                    },
+                    "required_attributes": ["uid"],
+                    "optional_attributes": ["mail", "surname", "givenname"],
+                },
+            }
+        }
+
+    def default_config(self, config_dir_path, server_name, **kwargs):
+        return """
+        # Enable SAML2 for registration and login. Uses pysaml2.
+        #
+        # `sp_config` is the configuration for the pysaml2 Service Provider.
+        # See pysaml2 docs for format of config.
+        #
+        # Default values will be used for the 'entityid' and 'service' settings,
+        # so it is not normally necessary to specify them unless you need to
+        # override them.
+        #
+        #saml2_config:
+        #  sp_config:
+        #    # point this to the IdP's metadata. You can use either a local file or
+        #    # (preferably) a URL.
+        #    metadata:
+        #      #local: ["saml2/idp.xml"]
+        #      remote:
+        #        - url: https://our_idp/metadata.xml
+        #
+        #    # The rest of sp_config is just used to generate our metadata xml, and you
+        #    # may well not need it, depending on your setup. Alternatively you
+        #    # may need a whole lot more detail - see the pysaml2 docs!
+        #
+        #    description: ["My awesome SP", "en"]
+        #    name: ["Test SP", "en"]
+        #
+        #    organization:
+        #      name: Example com
+        #      display_name:
+        #        - ["Example co", "en"]
+        #      url: "http://example.com"
+        #
+        #    contact_person:
+        #      - given_name: Bob
+        #        sur_name: "the Sysadmin"
+        #        email_address": ["admin@example.com"]
+        #        contact_type": technical
+        #
+        #  # Instead of putting the config inline as above, you can specify a
+        #  # separate pysaml2 configuration file:
+        #  #
+        #  config_path: "%(config_dir_path)s/sp_conf.py"
+        """ % {"config_dir_path": config_dir_path}
diff --git a/synapse/config/server.py b/synapse/config/server.py
index 4a5b902f8e..4200f10da3 100644
--- a/synapse/config/server.py
+++ b/synapse/config/server.py
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
-# Copyright 2017 New Vector Ltd
+# Copyright 2017-2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -15,13 +15,23 @@
 # limitations under the License.
 
 import logging
+import os.path
 
 from synapse.http.endpoint import parse_and_validate_server_name
+from synapse.python_dependencies import DependencyException, check_requirements
 
 from ._base import Config, ConfigError
 
 logger = logging.Logger(__name__)
 
+# by default, we attempt to listen on both '::' *and* '0.0.0.0' because some OSes
+# (Windows, macOS, other BSD/Linux where net.ipv6.bindv6only is set) will only listen
+# on IPv6 when '::' is set.
+#
+# We later check for errors when binding to 0.0.0.0 and ignore them if :: is also in
+# in the list.
+DEFAULT_BIND_ADDRESSES = ['::', '0.0.0.0']
+
 
 class ServerConfig(Config):
 
@@ -34,7 +44,6 @@ class ServerConfig(Config):
             raise ConfigError(str(e))
 
         self.pid_file = self.abspath(config.get("pid_file"))
-        self.web_client = config["web_client"]
         self.web_client_location = config.get("web_client_location", None)
         self.soft_file_limit = config["soft_file_limit"]
         self.daemonize = config.get("daemonize")
@@ -117,27 +126,53 @@ class ServerConfig(Config):
                 self.public_baseurl += '/'
         self.start_pushers = config.get("start_pushers", True)
 
-        self.listeners = config.get("listeners", [])
+        self.listeners = []
+        for listener in config.get("listeners", []):
+            if not isinstance(listener.get("port", None), int):
+                raise ConfigError(
+                    "Listener configuration is lacking a valid 'port' option"
+                )
+
+            if listener.setdefault("tls", False):
+                # no_tls is not really supported any more, but let's grandfather it in
+                # here.
+                if config.get("no_tls", False):
+                    logger.info(
+                        "Ignoring TLS-enabled listener on port %i due to no_tls"
+                    )
+                    continue
 
-        for listener in self.listeners:
             bind_address = listener.pop("bind_address", None)
             bind_addresses = listener.setdefault("bind_addresses", [])
 
+            # if bind_address was specified, add it to the list of addresses
             if bind_address:
                 bind_addresses.append(bind_address)
-            elif not bind_addresses:
-                bind_addresses.append('')
+
+            # if we still have an empty list of addresses, use the default list
+            if not bind_addresses:
+                if listener['type'] == 'metrics':
+                    # the metrics listener doesn't support IPv6
+                    bind_addresses.append('0.0.0.0')
+                else:
+                    bind_addresses.extend(DEFAULT_BIND_ADDRESSES)
+
+            self.listeners.append(listener)
+
+        if not self.web_client_location:
+            _warn_if_webclient_configured(self.listeners)
 
         self.gc_thresholds = read_gc_thresholds(config.get("gc_thresholds", None))
 
         bind_port = config.get("bind_port")
         if bind_port:
+            if config.get("no_tls", False):
+                raise ConfigError("no_tls is incompatible with bind_port")
+
             self.listeners = []
             bind_host = config.get("bind_host", "")
             gzip_responses = config.get("gzip_responses", True)
 
-            names = ["client", "webclient"] if self.web_client else ["client"]
-
             self.listeners.append({
                 "port": bind_port,
                 "bind_addresses": [bind_host],
@@ -145,7 +180,7 @@ class ServerConfig(Config):
                 "type": "http",
                 "resources": [
                     {
-                        "names": names,
+                        "names": ["client"],
                         "compress": gzip_responses,
                     },
                     {
@@ -164,7 +199,7 @@ class ServerConfig(Config):
                     "type": "http",
                     "resources": [
                         {
-                            "names": names,
+                            "names": ["client"],
                             "compress": gzip_responses,
                         },
                         {
@@ -180,6 +215,7 @@ class ServerConfig(Config):
                 "port": manhole,
                 "bind_addresses": ["127.0.0.1"],
                 "type": "manhole",
+                "tls": False,
             })
 
         metrics_port = config.get("metrics_port")
@@ -203,7 +239,12 @@ class ServerConfig(Config):
                 ]
             })
 
-    def default_config(self, server_name, **kwargs):
+        _check_resource_config(self.listeners)
+
+    def has_tls_listener(self):
+        return any(l["tls"] for l in self.listeners)
+
+    def default_config(self, server_name, data_dir_path, **kwargs):
         _, bind_port = parse_and_validate_server_name(server_name)
         if bind_port is not None:
             unsecure_port = bind_port - 400
@@ -211,7 +252,7 @@ class ServerConfig(Config):
             bind_port = 8448
             unsecure_port = 8008
 
-        pid_file = self.abspath("homeserver.pid")
+        pid_file = os.path.join(data_dir_path, "homeserver.pid")
         return """\
         ## Server ##
 
@@ -245,19 +286,20 @@ class ServerConfig(Config):
         #
         # This setting requires the affinity package to be installed!
         #
-        # cpu_affinity: 0xFFFFFFFF
+        #cpu_affinity: 0xFFFFFFFF
 
-        # Whether to serve a web client from the HTTP/HTTPS root resource.
-        web_client: True
-
-        # The root directory to server for the above web client.
-        # If left undefined, synapse will serve the matrix-angular-sdk web client.
-        # Make sure matrix-angular-sdk is installed with pip if web_client is True
-        # and web_client_location is undefined
-        # web_client_location: "/path/to/web/root"
+        # The path to the web client which will be served at /_matrix/client/
+        # if 'webclient' is configured under the 'listeners' configuration.
+        #
+        #web_client_location: "/path/to/web/root"
 
-        # The public-facing base URL for the client API (not including _matrix/...)
-        # public_baseurl: https://example.com:8448/
+        # The public-facing base URL that clients use to access this HS
+        # (not including _matrix/...). This is the same URL a user would
+        # enter into the 'custom HS URL' field on their client. If you
+        # use synapse with a reverse proxy, this should be the URL to reach
+        # synapse via the proxy.
+        #
+        #public_baseurl: https://example.com/
 
         # Set the soft limit on the number of file descriptors synapse can use
         # Zero is used to indicate synapse should set the soft limit to the
@@ -268,15 +310,25 @@ class ServerConfig(Config):
         use_presence: true
 
         # The GC threshold parameters to pass to `gc.set_threshold`, if defined
-        # gc_thresholds: [700, 10, 10]
+        #
+        #gc_thresholds: [700, 10, 10]
 
         # Set the limit on the returned events in the timeline in the get
         # and sync operations. The default value is -1, means no upper limit.
-        # filter_timeline_limit: 5000
+        #
+        #filter_timeline_limit: 5000
 
         # Whether room invites to users on this server should be blocked
         # (except those sent by local server admins). The default is False.
-        # block_non_admin_invites: True
+        #
+        #block_non_admin_invites: True
+
+        # Room searching
+        #
+        # If disabled, new messages will not be indexed for searching and users
+        # will receive errors when searching for messages. Defaults to enabled.
+        #
+        #enable_search: false
 
         # Restrict federation to the following whitelist of domains.
         # N.B. we recommend also firewalling your federation listener to limit
@@ -284,117 +336,145 @@ class ServerConfig(Config):
         # purely on this application-layer restriction.  If not specified, the
         # default is to whitelist everything.
         #
-        # federation_domain_whitelist:
+        #federation_domain_whitelist:
         #  - lon.example.com
         #  - nyc.example.com
         #  - syd.example.com
 
         # List of ports that Synapse should listen on, their purpose and their
         # configuration.
+        #
+        # Options for each listener include:
+        #
+        #   port: the TCP port to bind to
+        #
+        #   bind_addresses: a list of local addresses to listen on. The default is
+        #       'all local interfaces'.
+        #
+        #   type: the type of listener. Normally 'http', but other valid options are:
+        #       'manhole' (see docs/manhole.md),
+        #       'metrics' (see docs/metrics-howto.rst),
+        #       'replication' (see docs/workers.rst).
+        #
+        #   tls: set to true to enable TLS for this listener. Will use the TLS
+        #       key/cert specified in tls_private_key_path / tls_certificate_path.
+        #
+        #   x_forwarded: Only valid for an 'http' listener. Set to true to use the
+        #       X-Forwarded-For header as the client IP. Useful when Synapse is
+        #       behind a reverse-proxy.
+        #
+        #   resources: Only valid for an 'http' listener. A list of resources to host
+        #       on this port. Options for each resource are:
+        #
+        #       names: a list of names of HTTP resources. See below for a list of
+        #           valid resource names.
+        #
+        #       compress: set to true to enable HTTP comression for this resource.
+        #
+        #   additional_resources: Only valid for an 'http' listener. A map of
+        #        additional endpoints which should be loaded via dynamic modules.
+        #
+        # Valid resource names are:
+        #
+        #   client: the client-server API (/_matrix/client). Also implies 'media' and
+        #       'static'.
+        #
+        #   consent: user consent forms (/_matrix/consent). See
+        #       docs/consent_tracking.md.
+        #
+        #   federation: the server-server API (/_matrix/federation). Also implies
+        #       'media', 'keys', 'openid'
+        #
+        #   keys: the key discovery API (/_matrix/keys).
+        #
+        #   media: the media API (/_matrix/media).
+        #
+        #   metrics: the metrics interface. See docs/metrics-howto.rst.
+        #
+        #   openid: OpenID authentication.
+        #
+        #   replication: the HTTP replication API (/_synapse/replication). See
+        #       docs/workers.rst.
+        #
+        #   static: static resources under synapse/static (/_matrix/static). (Mostly
+        #       useful for 'fallback authentication'.)
+        #
+        #   webclient: A web client. Requires web_client_location to be set.
+        #
         listeners:
-          # Main HTTPS listener
-          # For when matrix traffic is sent directly to synapse.
-          -
-            # The port to listen for HTTPS requests on.
-            port: %(bind_port)s
-
-            # Local addresses to listen on.
-            # On Linux and Mac OS, `::` will listen on all IPv4 and IPv6
-            # addresses by default. For most other OSes, this will only listen
-            # on IPv6.
-            bind_addresses:
-              - '::'
-              - '0.0.0.0'
-
-            # This is a 'http' listener, allows us to specify 'resources'.
-            type: http
-
-            tls: true
-
-            # Use the X-Forwarded-For (XFF) header as the client IP and not the
-            # actual client IP.
-            x_forwarded: false
-
-            # List of HTTP resources to serve on this listener.
-            resources:
-              -
-                # List of resources to host on this listener.
-                names:
-                  - client     # The client-server APIs, both v1 and v2
-                  - webclient  # The bundled webclient.
-
-                # Should synapse compress HTTP responses to clients that support it?
-                # This should be disabled if running synapse behind a load balancer
-                # that can do automatic compression.
-                compress: true
-
-              - names: [federation]  # Federation APIs
-                compress: false
-
-            # optional list of additional endpoints which can be loaded via
-            # dynamic modules
-            # additional_resources:
-            #   "/_matrix/my/custom/endpoint":
-            #     module: my_module.CustomRequestHandler
-            #     config: {}
-
-          # Unsecure HTTP listener,
-          # For when matrix traffic passes through loadbalancer that unwraps TLS.
+          # TLS-enabled listener: for when matrix traffic is sent directly to synapse.
+          #
+          # Disabled by default. To enable it, uncomment the following. (Note that you
+          # will also need to give Synapse a TLS key and certificate: see the TLS section
+          # below.)
+          #
+          #- port: %(bind_port)s
+          #  type: http
+          #  tls: true
+          #  resources:
+          #    - names: [client, federation]
+
+          # Unsecure HTTP listener: for when matrix traffic passes through a reverse proxy
+          # that unwraps TLS.
+          #
+          # If you plan to use a reverse proxy, please see
+          # https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/blob/master/docs/reverse_proxy.rst.
+          #
           - port: %(unsecure_port)s
             tls: false
-            bind_addresses: ['::', '0.0.0.0']
+            bind_addresses: ['::1', '127.0.0.1']
             type: http
-
-            x_forwarded: false
+            x_forwarded: true
 
             resources:
-              - names: [client, webclient]
-                compress: true
-              - names: [federation]
+              - names: [client, federation]
                 compress: false
 
+            # example additonal_resources:
+            #
+            #additional_resources:
+            #  "/_matrix/my/custom/endpoint":
+            #    module: my_module.CustomRequestHandler
+            #    config: {}
+
           # Turn on the twisted ssh manhole service on localhost on the given
           # port.
-          # - port: 9000
-          #   bind_addresses: ['::1', '127.0.0.1']
-          #   type: manhole
+          #
+          #- port: 9000
+          #  bind_addresses: ['::1', '127.0.0.1']
+          #  type: manhole
 
 
-          # Homeserver blocking
-          #
-          # How to reach the server admin, used in ResourceLimitError
-          # admin_contact: 'mailto:admin@server.com'
-          #
-          # Global block config
-          #
-          # hs_disabled: False
-          # hs_disabled_message: 'Human readable reason for why the HS is blocked'
-          # hs_disabled_limit_type: 'error code(str), to help clients decode reason'
-          #
-          # Monthly Active User Blocking
-          #
-          # Enables monthly active user checking
-          # limit_usage_by_mau: False
-          # max_mau_value: 50
-          # mau_trial_days: 2
-          #
-          # If enabled, the metrics for the number of monthly active users will
-          # be populated, however no one will be limited. If limit_usage_by_mau
-          # is true, this is implied to be true.
-          # mau_stats_only: False
-          #
-          # Sometimes the server admin will want to ensure certain accounts are
-          # never blocked by mau checking. These accounts are specified here.
-          #
-          # mau_limit_reserved_threepids:
-          # - medium: 'email'
-          #   address: 'reserved_user@example.com'
-          #
-          # Room searching
-          #
-          # If disabled, new messages will not be indexed for searching and users
-          # will receive errors when searching for messages. Defaults to enabled.
-          # enable_search: true
+        ## Homeserver blocking ##
+
+        # How to reach the server admin, used in ResourceLimitError
+        #
+        #admin_contact: 'mailto:admin@server.com'
+
+        # Global blocking
+        #
+        #hs_disabled: False
+        #hs_disabled_message: 'Human readable reason for why the HS is blocked'
+        #hs_disabled_limit_type: 'error code(str), to help clients decode reason'
+
+        # Monthly Active User Blocking
+        #
+        #limit_usage_by_mau: False
+        #max_mau_value: 50
+        #mau_trial_days: 2
+
+        # If enabled, the metrics for the number of monthly active users will
+        # be populated, however no one will be limited. If limit_usage_by_mau
+        # is true, this is implied to be true.
+        #
+        #mau_stats_only: False
+
+        # Sometimes the server admin will want to ensure certain accounts are
+        # never blocked by mau checking. These accounts are specified here.
+        #
+        #mau_limit_reserved_threepids:
+        #  - medium: 'email'
+        #    address: 'reserved_user@example.com'
         """ % locals()
 
     def read_arguments(self, args):
@@ -420,19 +500,18 @@ class ServerConfig(Config):
                                   " service on the given port.")
 
 
-def is_threepid_reserved(config, threepid):
+def is_threepid_reserved(reserved_threepids, threepid):
     """Check the threepid against the reserved threepid config
     Args:
-        config(ServerConfig) - to access server config attributes
+        reserved_threepids([dict]) - list of reserved threepids
         threepid(dict) - The threepid to test for
 
     Returns:
         boolean Is the threepid undertest reserved_user
     """
 
-    for tp in config.mau_limits_reserved_threepids:
-        if (threepid['medium'] == tp['medium']
-                and threepid['address'] == tp['address']):
+    for tp in reserved_threepids:
+        if (threepid['medium'] == tp['medium'] and threepid['address'] == tp['address']):
             return True
     return False
 
@@ -452,3 +531,53 @@ def read_gc_thresholds(thresholds):
         raise ConfigError(
             "Value of `gc_threshold` must be a list of three integers if set"
         )
+
+
+NO_MORE_WEB_CLIENT_WARNING = """
+Synapse no longer includes a web client. To enable a web client, configure
+web_client_location. To remove this warning, remove 'webclient' from the 'listeners'
+configuration.
+"""
+
+
+def _warn_if_webclient_configured(listeners):
+    for listener in listeners:
+        for res in listener.get("resources", []):
+            for name in res.get("names", []):
+                if name == 'webclient':
+                    logger.warning(NO_MORE_WEB_CLIENT_WARNING)
+                    return
+
+
+KNOWN_RESOURCES = (
+    'client',
+    'consent',
+    'federation',
+    'keys',
+    'media',
+    'metrics',
+    'openid',
+    'replication',
+    'static',
+    'webclient',
+)
+
+
+def _check_resource_config(listeners):
+    resource_names = set(
+        res_name
+        for listener in listeners
+        for res in listener.get("resources", [])
+        for res_name in res.get("names", [])
+    )
+
+    for resource in resource_names:
+        if resource not in KNOWN_RESOURCES:
+            raise ConfigError(
+                "Unknown listener resource '%s'" % (resource, )
+            )
+        if resource == "consent":
+            try:
+                check_requirements('resources.consent')
+            except DependencyException as e:
+                raise ConfigError(e.message)
diff --git a/synapse/config/server_notices_config.py b/synapse/config/server_notices_config.py
index 3c39850ac6..529dc0a617 100644
--- a/synapse/config/server_notices_config.py
+++ b/synapse/config/server_notices_config.py
@@ -30,11 +30,11 @@ DEFAULT_CONFIG = """\
 # It's also possible to override the room name, the display name of the
 # "notices" user, and the avatar for the user.
 #
-# server_notices:
-#   system_mxid_localpart: notices
-#   system_mxid_display_name: "Server Notices"
-#   system_mxid_avatar_url: "mxc://server.com/oumMVlgDnLYFaPVkExemNVVZ"
-#   room_name: "Server Notices"
+#server_notices:
+#  system_mxid_localpart: notices
+#  system_mxid_display_name: "Server Notices"
+#  system_mxid_avatar_url: "mxc://server.com/oumMVlgDnLYFaPVkExemNVVZ"
+#  room_name: "Server Notices"
 """
 
 
diff --git a/synapse/config/spam_checker.py b/synapse/config/spam_checker.py
index 3fec42bdb0..1502e9faba 100644
--- a/synapse/config/spam_checker.py
+++ b/synapse/config/spam_checker.py
@@ -28,8 +28,8 @@ class SpamCheckerConfig(Config):
 
     def default_config(self, **kwargs):
         return """\
-        # spam_checker:
-        #     module: "my_custom_project.SuperSpamChecker"
-        #     config:
-        #         example_option: 'things'
+        #spam_checker:
+        #  module: "my_custom_project.SuperSpamChecker"
+        #  config:
+        #    example_option: 'things'
         """
diff --git a/synapse/config/tls.py b/synapse/config/tls.py
index fef1ea99cb..8d5d287357 100644
--- a/synapse/config/tls.py
+++ b/synapse/config/tls.py
@@ -13,51 +13,58 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
+import logging
 import os
-import subprocess
+import warnings
+from datetime import datetime
 from hashlib import sha256
 
 from unpaddedbase64 import encode_base64
 
 from OpenSSL import crypto
 
-from ._base import Config
+from synapse.config._base import Config, ConfigError
 
-GENERATE_DH_PARAMS = False
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
 class TlsConfig(Config):
     def read_config(self, config):
-        self.tls_certificate = self.read_tls_certificate(
-            config.get("tls_certificate_path")
+
+        acme_config = config.get("acme", None)
+        if acme_config is None:
+            acme_config = {}
+
+        self.acme_enabled = acme_config.get("enabled", False)
+        self.acme_url = acme_config.get(
+            "url", u"https://acme-v01.api.letsencrypt.org/directory"
         )
-        self.tls_certificate_file = config.get("tls_certificate_path")
+        self.acme_port = acme_config.get("port", 80)
+        self.acme_bind_addresses = acme_config.get("bind_addresses", ['::', '0.0.0.0'])
+        self.acme_reprovision_threshold = acme_config.get("reprovision_threshold", 30)
+        self.acme_domain = acme_config.get("domain", config.get("server_name"))
 
-        self.no_tls = config.get("no_tls", False)
+        self.tls_certificate_file = self.abspath(config.get("tls_certificate_path"))
+        self.tls_private_key_file = self.abspath(config.get("tls_private_key_path"))
 
-        if self.no_tls:
-            self.tls_private_key = None
-        else:
-            self.tls_private_key = self.read_tls_private_key(
-                config.get("tls_private_key_path")
-            )
+        if self.has_tls_listener():
+            if not self.tls_certificate_file:
+                raise ConfigError(
+                    "tls_certificate_path must be specified if TLS-enabled listeners are "
+                    "configured."
+                )
+            if not self.tls_private_key_file:
+                raise ConfigError(
+                    "tls_certificate_path must be specified if TLS-enabled listeners are "
+                    "configured."
+                )
 
-        self.tls_dh_params_path = self.check_file(
-            config.get("tls_dh_params_path"), "tls_dh_params"
-        )
+        self._original_tls_fingerprints = config.get("tls_fingerprints", [])
 
-        self.tls_fingerprints = config["tls_fingerprints"]
+        if self._original_tls_fingerprints is None:
+            self._original_tls_fingerprints = []
 
-        # Check that our own certificate is included in the list of fingerprints
-        # and include it if it is not.
-        x509_certificate_bytes = crypto.dump_certificate(
-            crypto.FILETYPE_ASN1,
-            self.tls_certificate
-        )
-        sha256_fingerprint = encode_base64(sha256(x509_certificate_bytes).digest())
-        sha256_fingerprints = set(f["sha256"] for f in self.tls_fingerprints)
-        if sha256_fingerprint not in sha256_fingerprints:
-            self.tls_fingerprints.append({u"sha256": sha256_fingerprint})
+        self.tls_fingerprints = list(self._original_tls_fingerprints)
 
         # This config option applies to non-federation HTTP clients
         # (e.g. for talking to recaptcha, identity servers, and such)
@@ -67,29 +74,176 @@ class TlsConfig(Config):
             "use_insecure_ssl_client_just_for_testing_do_not_use"
         )
 
+        self.tls_certificate = None
+        self.tls_private_key = None
+
+    def is_disk_cert_valid(self, allow_self_signed=True):
+        """
+        Is the certificate we have on disk valid, and if so, for how long?
+
+        Args:
+            allow_self_signed (bool): Should we allow the certificate we
+                read to be self signed?
+
+        Returns:
+            int: Days remaining of certificate validity.
+            None: No certificate exists.
+        """
+        if not os.path.exists(self.tls_certificate_file):
+            return None
+
+        try:
+            with open(self.tls_certificate_file, 'rb') as f:
+                cert_pem = f.read()
+        except Exception:
+            logger.exception("Failed to read existing certificate off disk!")
+            raise
+
+        try:
+            tls_certificate = crypto.load_certificate(crypto.FILETYPE_PEM, cert_pem)
+        except Exception:
+            logger.exception("Failed to parse existing certificate off disk!")
+            raise
+
+        if not allow_self_signed:
+            if tls_certificate.get_subject() == tls_certificate.get_issuer():
+                raise ValueError(
+                    "TLS Certificate is self signed, and this is not permitted"
+                )
+
+        # YYYYMMDDhhmmssZ -- in UTC
+        expires_on = datetime.strptime(
+            tls_certificate.get_notAfter().decode('ascii'), "%Y%m%d%H%M%SZ"
+        )
+        now = datetime.utcnow()
+        days_remaining = (expires_on - now).days
+        return days_remaining
+
+    def read_certificate_from_disk(self, require_cert_and_key):
+        """
+        Read the certificates and private key from disk.
+
+        Args:
+            require_cert_and_key (bool): set to True to throw an error if the certificate
+                and key file are not given
+        """
+        if require_cert_and_key:
+            self.tls_private_key = self.read_tls_private_key()
+            self.tls_certificate = self.read_tls_certificate()
+        elif self.tls_certificate_file:
+            # we only need the certificate for the tls_fingerprints. Reload it if we
+            # can, but it's not a fatal error if we can't.
+            try:
+                self.tls_certificate = self.read_tls_certificate()
+            except Exception as e:
+                logger.info(
+                    "Unable to read TLS certificate (%s). Ignoring as no "
+                    "tls listeners enabled.", e,
+                )
+
+        self.tls_fingerprints = list(self._original_tls_fingerprints)
+
+        if self.tls_certificate:
+            # Check that our own certificate is included in the list of fingerprints
+            # and include it if it is not.
+            x509_certificate_bytes = crypto.dump_certificate(
+                crypto.FILETYPE_ASN1, self.tls_certificate
+            )
+            sha256_fingerprint = encode_base64(sha256(x509_certificate_bytes).digest())
+            sha256_fingerprints = set(f["sha256"] for f in self.tls_fingerprints)
+            if sha256_fingerprint not in sha256_fingerprints:
+                self.tls_fingerprints.append({u"sha256": sha256_fingerprint})
+
     def default_config(self, config_dir_path, server_name, **kwargs):
         base_key_name = os.path.join(config_dir_path, server_name)
 
         tls_certificate_path = base_key_name + ".tls.crt"
         tls_private_key_path = base_key_name + ".tls.key"
-        tls_dh_params_path = base_key_name + ".tls.dh"
 
-        return """\
-        # PEM encoded X509 certificate for TLS.
-        # You can replace the self-signed certificate that synapse
-        # autogenerates on launch with your own SSL certificate + key pair
-        # if you like.  Any required intermediary certificates can be
-        # appended after the primary certificate in hierarchical order.
-        tls_certificate_path: "%(tls_certificate_path)s"
+        # this is to avoid the max line length. Sorrynotsorry
+        proxypassline = (
+            'ProxyPass /.well-known/acme-challenge '
+            'http://localhost:8009/.well-known/acme-challenge'
+        )
+
+        return (
+            """\
+        ## TLS ##
+
+        # PEM-encoded X509 certificate for TLS.
+        # This certificate, as of Synapse 1.0, will need to be a valid and verifiable
+        # certificate, signed by a recognised Certificate Authority.
+        #
+        # See 'ACME support' below to enable auto-provisioning this certificate via
+        # Let's Encrypt.
+        #
+        #tls_certificate_path: "%(tls_certificate_path)s"
+
+        # PEM-encoded private key for TLS
+        #
+        #tls_private_key_path: "%(tls_private_key_path)s"
+
+        # ACME support: This will configure Synapse to request a valid TLS certificate
+        # for your configured `server_name` via Let's Encrypt.
+        #
+        # Note that provisioning a certificate in this way requires port 80 to be
+        # routed to Synapse so that it can complete the http-01 ACME challenge.
+        # By default, if you enable ACME support, Synapse will attempt to listen on
+        # port 80 for incoming http-01 challenges - however, this will likely fail
+        # with 'Permission denied' or a similar error.
+        #
+        # There are a couple of potential solutions to this:
+        #
+        #  * If you already have an Apache, Nginx, or similar listening on port 80,
+        #    you can configure Synapse to use an alternate port, and have your web
+        #    server forward the requests. For example, assuming you set 'port: 8009'
+        #    below, on Apache, you would write:
+        #
+        #    %(proxypassline)s
+        #
+        #  * Alternatively, you can use something like `authbind` to give Synapse
+        #    permission to listen on port 80.
+        #
+        acme:
+            # ACME support is disabled by default. Uncomment the following line
+            # (and tls_certificate_path and tls_private_key_path above) to enable it.
+            #
+            #enabled: true
+
+            # Endpoint to use to request certificates. If you only want to test,
+            # use Let's Encrypt's staging url:
+            #     https://acme-staging.api.letsencrypt.org/directory
+            #
+            #url: https://acme-v01.api.letsencrypt.org/directory
+
+            # Port number to listen on for the HTTP-01 challenge. Change this if
+            # you are forwarding connections through Apache/Nginx/etc.
+            #
+            #port: 80
 
-        # PEM encoded private key for TLS
-        tls_private_key_path: "%(tls_private_key_path)s"
+            # Local addresses to listen on for incoming connections.
+            # Again, you may want to change this if you are forwarding connections
+            # through Apache/Nginx/etc.
+            #
+            #bind_addresses: ['::', '0.0.0.0']
 
-        # PEM dh parameters for ephemeral keys
-        tls_dh_params_path: "%(tls_dh_params_path)s"
+            # How many days remaining on a certificate before it is renewed.
+            #
+            #reprovision_threshold: 30
 
-        # Don't bind to the https port
-        no_tls: False
+            # The domain that the certificate should be for. Normally this
+            # should be the same as your Matrix domain (i.e., 'server_name'), but,
+            # by putting a file at 'https://<server_name>/.well-known/matrix/server',
+            # you can delegate incoming traffic to another server. If you do that,
+            # you should give the target of the delegation here.
+            #
+            # For example: if your 'server_name' is 'example.com', but
+            # 'https://example.com/.well-known/matrix/server' delegates to
+            # 'matrix.example.com', you should put 'matrix.example.com' here.
+            #
+            # If not set, defaults to your 'server_name'.
+            #
+            #domain: matrix.example.com
 
         # List of allowed TLS fingerprints for this server to publish along
         # with the signing keys for this server. Other matrix servers that
@@ -116,80 +270,44 @@ class TlsConfig(Config):
         #   openssl x509 -outform DER | openssl sha256 -binary | base64 | tr -d '='
         # or by checking matrix.org/federationtester/api/report?server_name=$host
         #
-        tls_fingerprints: []
-        # tls_fingerprints: [{"sha256": "<base64_encoded_sha256_fingerprint>"}]
-        """ % locals()
+        #tls_fingerprints: [{"sha256": "<base64_encoded_sha256_fingerprint>"}]
 
-    def read_tls_certificate(self, cert_path):
-        cert_pem = self.read_file(cert_path, "tls_certificate")
-        return crypto.load_certificate(crypto.FILETYPE_PEM, cert_pem)
+        """
+            % locals()
+        )
 
-    def read_tls_private_key(self, private_key_path):
-        private_key_pem = self.read_file(private_key_path, "tls_private_key")
-        return crypto.load_privatekey(crypto.FILETYPE_PEM, private_key_pem)
+    def read_tls_certificate(self):
+        """Reads the TLS certificate from the configured file, and returns it
 
-    def generate_files(self, config):
-        tls_certificate_path = config["tls_certificate_path"]
-        tls_private_key_path = config["tls_private_key_path"]
-        tls_dh_params_path = config["tls_dh_params_path"]
-
-        if not self.path_exists(tls_private_key_path):
-            with open(tls_private_key_path, "wb") as private_key_file:
-                tls_private_key = crypto.PKey()
-                tls_private_key.generate_key(crypto.TYPE_RSA, 2048)
-                private_key_pem = crypto.dump_privatekey(
-                    crypto.FILETYPE_PEM, tls_private_key
-                )
-                private_key_file.write(private_key_pem)
-        else:
-            with open(tls_private_key_path) as private_key_file:
-                private_key_pem = private_key_file.read()
-                tls_private_key = crypto.load_privatekey(
-                    crypto.FILETYPE_PEM, private_key_pem
+        Also checks if it is self-signed, and warns if so
+
+        Returns:
+            OpenSSL.crypto.X509: the certificate
+        """
+        cert_path = self.tls_certificate_file
+        logger.info("Loading TLS certificate from %s", cert_path)
+        cert_pem = self.read_file(cert_path, "tls_certificate_path")
+        cert = crypto.load_certificate(crypto.FILETYPE_PEM, cert_pem)
+
+        # Check if it is self-signed, and issue a warning if so.
+        if cert.get_issuer() == cert.get_subject():
+            warnings.warn(
+                (
+                    "Self-signed TLS certificates will not be accepted by Synapse 1.0. "
+                    "Please either provide a valid certificate, or use Synapse's ACME "
+                    "support to provision one."
                 )
+            )
 
-        if not self.path_exists(tls_certificate_path):
-            with open(tls_certificate_path, "wb") as certificate_file:
-                cert = crypto.X509()
-                subject = cert.get_subject()
-                subject.CN = config["server_name"]
-
-                cert.set_serial_number(1000)
-                cert.gmtime_adj_notBefore(0)
-                cert.gmtime_adj_notAfter(10 * 365 * 24 * 60 * 60)
-                cert.set_issuer(cert.get_subject())
-                cert.set_pubkey(tls_private_key)
-
-                cert.sign(tls_private_key, 'sha256')
-
-                cert_pem = crypto.dump_certificate(crypto.FILETYPE_PEM, cert)
-
-                certificate_file.write(cert_pem)
-
-        if not self.path_exists(tls_dh_params_path):
-            if GENERATE_DH_PARAMS:
-                subprocess.check_call([
-                    "openssl", "dhparam",
-                    "-outform", "PEM",
-                    "-out", tls_dh_params_path,
-                    "2048"
-                ])
-            else:
-                with open(tls_dh_params_path, "w") as dh_params_file:
-                    dh_params_file.write(
-                        "2048-bit DH parameters taken from rfc3526\n"
-                        "-----BEGIN DH PARAMETERS-----\n"
-                        "MIIBCAKCAQEA///////////JD9qiIWjC"
-                        "NMTGYouA3BzRKQJOCIpnzHQCC76mOxOb\n"
-                        "IlFKCHmONATd75UZs806QxswKwpt8l8U"
-                        "N0/hNW1tUcJF5IW1dmJefsb0TELppjft\n"
-                        "awv/XLb0Brft7jhr+1qJn6WunyQRfEsf"
-                        "5kkoZlHs5Fs9wgB8uKFjvwWY2kg2HFXT\n"
-                        "mmkWP6j9JM9fg2VdI9yjrZYcYvNWIIVS"
-                        "u57VKQdwlpZtZww1Tkq8mATxdGwIyhgh\n"
-                        "fDKQXkYuNs474553LBgOhgObJ4Oi7Aei"
-                        "j7XFXfBvTFLJ3ivL9pVYFxg5lUl86pVq\n"
-                        "5RXSJhiY+gUQFXKOWoqsqmj/////////"
-                        "/wIBAg==\n"
-                        "-----END DH PARAMETERS-----\n"
-                    )
+        return cert
+
+    def read_tls_private_key(self):
+        """Reads the TLS private key from the configured file, and returns it
+
+        Returns:
+            OpenSSL.crypto.PKey: the private key
+        """
+        private_key_path = self.tls_private_key_file
+        logger.info("Loading TLS key from %s", private_key_path)
+        private_key_pem = self.read_file(private_key_path, "tls_private_key_path")
+        return crypto.load_privatekey(crypto.FILETYPE_PEM, private_key_pem)
diff --git a/synapse/config/user_directory.py b/synapse/config/user_directory.py
index 38e8947843..fab3a7d1c8 100644
--- a/synapse/config/user_directory.py
+++ b/synapse/config/user_directory.py
@@ -40,5 +40,5 @@ class UserDirectoryConfig(Config):
         # on your database to tell it to rebuild the user_directory search indexes.
         #
         #user_directory:
-        #   search_all_users: false
+        #  search_all_users: false
         """
diff --git a/synapse/config/voip.py b/synapse/config/voip.py
index d07bd24ffd..257f7c86e7 100644
--- a/synapse/config/voip.py
+++ b/synapse/config/voip.py
@@ -27,20 +27,24 @@ class VoipConfig(Config):
 
     def default_config(self, **kwargs):
         return """\
-        ## Turn ##
+        ## TURN ##
 
         # The public URIs of the TURN server to give to clients
+        #
         #turn_uris: []
 
         # The shared secret used to compute passwords for the TURN server
+        #
         #turn_shared_secret: "YOUR_SHARED_SECRET"
 
         # The Username and password if the TURN server needs them and
         # does not use a token
+        #
         #turn_username: "TURNSERVER_USERNAME"
         #turn_password: "TURNSERVER_PASSWORD"
 
         # How long generated TURN credentials last
+        #
         turn_user_lifetime: "1h"
 
         # Whether guests should be allowed to use the TURN server.
@@ -48,5 +52,6 @@ class VoipConfig(Config):
         # However, it does introduce a slight security risk as it allows users to
         # connect to arbitrary endpoints without having first signed up for a
         # valid account (e.g. by passing a CAPTCHA).
+        #
         turn_allow_guests: True
         """
diff --git a/synapse/crypto/context_factory.py b/synapse/crypto/context_factory.py
index 02b76dfcfb..49cbc7098f 100644
--- a/synapse/crypto/context_factory.py
+++ b/synapse/crypto/context_factory.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+# Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -11,12 +12,14 @@
 # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
+
 import logging
 
 from zope.interface import implementer
 
 from OpenSSL import SSL, crypto
 from twisted.internet._sslverify import _defaultCurveName
+from twisted.internet.abstract import isIPAddress, isIPv6Address
 from twisted.internet.interfaces import IOpenSSLClientConnectionCreator
 from twisted.internet.ssl import CertificateOptions, ContextFactory
 from twisted.python.failure import Failure
@@ -42,12 +45,12 @@ class ServerContextFactory(ContextFactory):
             logger.exception("Failed to enable elliptic curve for TLS")
         context.set_options(SSL.OP_NO_SSLv2 | SSL.OP_NO_SSLv3)
         context.use_certificate_chain_file(config.tls_certificate_file)
+        context.use_privatekey(config.tls_private_key)
 
-        if not config.no_tls:
-            context.use_privatekey(config.tls_private_key)
-
-        context.load_tmp_dh(config.tls_dh_params_path)
-        context.set_cipher_list("!ADH:HIGH+kEDH:!AECDH:HIGH+kEECDH")
+        # https://hynek.me/articles/hardening-your-web-servers-ssl-ciphers/
+        context.set_cipher_list(
+            "ECDH+AESGCM:ECDH+CHACHA20:ECDH+AES256:ECDH+AES128:!aNULL:!SHA1"
+        )
 
     def getContext(self):
         return self._context
@@ -96,11 +99,15 @@ class ClientTLSOptions(object):
 
     def __init__(self, hostname, ctx):
         self._ctx = ctx
-        self._hostname = hostname
-        self._hostnameBytes = _idnaBytes(hostname)
-        ctx.set_info_callback(
-            _tolerateErrors(self._identityVerifyingInfoCallback)
-        )
+
+        if isIPAddress(hostname) or isIPv6Address(hostname):
+            self._hostnameBytes = hostname.encode('ascii')
+            self._sendSNI = False
+        else:
+            self._hostnameBytes = _idnaBytes(hostname)
+            self._sendSNI = True
+
+        ctx.set_info_callback(_tolerateErrors(self._identityVerifyingInfoCallback))
 
     def clientConnectionForTLS(self, tlsProtocol):
         context = self._ctx
@@ -109,7 +116,9 @@ class ClientTLSOptions(object):
         return connection
 
     def _identityVerifyingInfoCallback(self, connection, where, ret):
-        if where & SSL.SSL_CB_HANDSHAKE_START:
+        # Literal IPv4 and IPv6 addresses are not permitted
+        # as host names according to the RFCs
+        if where & SSL.SSL_CB_HANDSHAKE_START and self._sendSNI:
             connection.set_tlsext_host_name(self._hostnameBytes)
 
 
@@ -119,10 +128,8 @@ class ClientTLSOptionsFactory(object):
 
     def __init__(self, config):
         # We don't use config options yet
-        pass
+        self._options = CertificateOptions(verify=False)
 
     def get_options(self, host):
-        return ClientTLSOptions(
-            host,
-            CertificateOptions(verify=False).getContext()
-        )
+        # Use _makeContext so that we get a fresh OpenSSL CTX each time.
+        return ClientTLSOptions(host, self._options._makeContext())
diff --git a/synapse/crypto/event_signing.py b/synapse/crypto/event_signing.py
index 8774b28967..1dfa727fcf 100644
--- a/synapse/crypto/event_signing.py
+++ b/synapse/crypto/event_signing.py
@@ -23,14 +23,14 @@ from signedjson.sign import sign_json
 from unpaddedbase64 import decode_base64, encode_base64
 
 from synapse.api.errors import Codes, SynapseError
-from synapse.events.utils import prune_event
+from synapse.events.utils import prune_event, prune_event_dict
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
 def check_event_content_hash(event, hash_algorithm=hashlib.sha256):
     """Check whether the hash for this PDU matches the contents"""
-    name, expected_hash = compute_content_hash(event, hash_algorithm)
+    name, expected_hash = compute_content_hash(event.get_pdu_json(), hash_algorithm)
     logger.debug("Expecting hash: %s", encode_base64(expected_hash))
 
     # some malformed events lack a 'hashes'. Protect against it being missing
@@ -59,35 +59,70 @@ def check_event_content_hash(event, hash_algorithm=hashlib.sha256):
     return message_hash_bytes == expected_hash
 
 
-def compute_content_hash(event, hash_algorithm):
-    event_json = event.get_pdu_json()
-    event_json.pop("age_ts", None)
-    event_json.pop("unsigned", None)
-    event_json.pop("signatures", None)
-    event_json.pop("hashes", None)
-    event_json.pop("outlier", None)
-    event_json.pop("destinations", None)
+def compute_content_hash(event_dict, hash_algorithm):
+    """Compute the content hash of an event, which is the hash of the
+    unredacted event.
 
-    event_json_bytes = encode_canonical_json(event_json)
+    Args:
+        event_dict (dict): The unredacted event as a dict
+        hash_algorithm: A hasher from `hashlib`, e.g. hashlib.sha256, to use
+            to hash the event
+
+    Returns:
+        tuple[str, bytes]: A tuple of the name of hash and the hash as raw
+        bytes.
+    """
+    event_dict = dict(event_dict)
+    event_dict.pop("age_ts", None)
+    event_dict.pop("unsigned", None)
+    event_dict.pop("signatures", None)
+    event_dict.pop("hashes", None)
+    event_dict.pop("outlier", None)
+    event_dict.pop("destinations", None)
+
+    event_json_bytes = encode_canonical_json(event_dict)
 
     hashed = hash_algorithm(event_json_bytes)
     return (hashed.name, hashed.digest())
 
 
 def compute_event_reference_hash(event, hash_algorithm=hashlib.sha256):
+    """Computes the event reference hash. This is the hash of the redacted
+    event.
+
+    Args:
+        event (FrozenEvent)
+        hash_algorithm: A hasher from `hashlib`, e.g. hashlib.sha256, to use
+            to hash the event
+
+    Returns:
+        tuple[str, bytes]: A tuple of the name of hash and the hash as raw
+        bytes.
+    """
     tmp_event = prune_event(event)
-    event_json = tmp_event.get_pdu_json()
-    event_json.pop("signatures", None)
-    event_json.pop("age_ts", None)
-    event_json.pop("unsigned", None)
-    event_json_bytes = encode_canonical_json(event_json)
+    event_dict = tmp_event.get_pdu_json()
+    event_dict.pop("signatures", None)
+    event_dict.pop("age_ts", None)
+    event_dict.pop("unsigned", None)
+    event_json_bytes = encode_canonical_json(event_dict)
     hashed = hash_algorithm(event_json_bytes)
     return (hashed.name, hashed.digest())
 
 
-def compute_event_signature(event, signature_name, signing_key):
-    tmp_event = prune_event(event)
-    redact_json = tmp_event.get_pdu_json()
+def compute_event_signature(event_dict, signature_name, signing_key):
+    """Compute the signature of the event for the given name and key.
+
+    Args:
+        event_dict (dict): The event as a dict
+        signature_name (str): The name of the entity signing the event
+            (typically the server's hostname).
+        signing_key (syutil.crypto.SigningKey): The key to sign with
+
+    Returns:
+        dict[str, dict[str, str]]: Returns a dictionary in the same format of
+        an event's signatures field.
+    """
+    redact_json = prune_event_dict(event_dict)
     redact_json.pop("age_ts", None)
     redact_json.pop("unsigned", None)
     logger.debug("Signing event: %s", encode_canonical_json(redact_json))
@@ -96,25 +131,25 @@ def compute_event_signature(event, signature_name, signing_key):
     return redact_json["signatures"]
 
 
-def add_hashes_and_signatures(event, signature_name, signing_key,
+def add_hashes_and_signatures(event_dict, signature_name, signing_key,
                               hash_algorithm=hashlib.sha256):
-    # if hasattr(event, "old_state_events"):
-    #     state_json_bytes = encode_canonical_json(
-    #         [e.event_id for e in event.old_state_events.values()]
-    #     )
-    #     hashed = hash_algorithm(state_json_bytes)
-    #     event.state_hash = {
-    #         hashed.name: encode_base64(hashed.digest())
-    #     }
-
-    name, digest = compute_content_hash(event, hash_algorithm=hash_algorithm)
-
-    if not hasattr(event, "hashes"):
-        event.hashes = {}
-    event.hashes[name] = encode_base64(digest)
-
-    event.signatures = compute_event_signature(
-        event,
+    """Add content hash and sign the event
+
+    Args:
+        event_dict (dict): The event to add hashes to and sign
+        signature_name (str): The name of the entity signing the event
+            (typically the server's hostname).
+        signing_key (syutil.crypto.SigningKey): The key to sign with
+        hash_algorithm: A hasher from `hashlib`, e.g. hashlib.sha256, to use
+            to hash the event
+    """
+
+    name, digest = compute_content_hash(event_dict, hash_algorithm=hash_algorithm)
+
+    event_dict.setdefault("hashes", {})[name] = encode_base64(digest)
+
+    event_dict["signatures"] = compute_event_signature(
+        event_dict,
         signature_name=signature_name,
         signing_key=signing_key,
     )
diff --git a/synapse/crypto/keyclient.py b/synapse/crypto/keyclient.py
deleted file mode 100644
index d40e4b8591..0000000000
--- a/synapse/crypto/keyclient.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,149 +0,0 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-# Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-
-import logging
-
-from six.moves import urllib
-
-from canonicaljson import json
-
-from twisted.internet import defer, reactor
-from twisted.internet.error import ConnectError
-from twisted.internet.protocol import Factory
-from twisted.names.error import DomainError
-from twisted.web.http import HTTPClient
-
-from synapse.http.endpoint import matrix_federation_endpoint
-from synapse.util import logcontext
-
-logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
-
-KEY_API_V2 = "/_matrix/key/v2/server/%s"
-
-
-@defer.inlineCallbacks
-def fetch_server_key(server_name, tls_client_options_factory, key_id):
-    """Fetch the keys for a remote server."""
-
-    factory = SynapseKeyClientFactory()
-    factory.path = KEY_API_V2 % (urllib.parse.quote(key_id), )
-    factory.host = server_name
-    endpoint = matrix_federation_endpoint(
-        reactor, server_name, tls_client_options_factory, timeout=30
-    )
-
-    for i in range(5):
-        try:
-            with logcontext.PreserveLoggingContext():
-                protocol = yield endpoint.connect(factory)
-                server_response, server_certificate = yield protocol.remote_key
-                defer.returnValue((server_response, server_certificate))
-        except SynapseKeyClientError as e:
-            logger.warn("Error getting key for %r: %s", server_name, e)
-            if e.status.startswith(b"4"):
-                # Don't retry for 4xx responses.
-                raise IOError("Cannot get key for %r" % server_name)
-        except (ConnectError, DomainError) as e:
-            logger.warn("Error getting key for %r: %s", server_name, e)
-        except Exception:
-            logger.exception("Error getting key for %r", server_name)
-    raise IOError("Cannot get key for %r" % server_name)
-
-
-class SynapseKeyClientError(Exception):
-    """The key wasn't retrieved from the remote server."""
-    status = None
-    pass
-
-
-class SynapseKeyClientProtocol(HTTPClient):
-    """Low level HTTPS client which retrieves an application/json response from
-    the server and extracts the X.509 certificate for the remote peer from the
-    SSL connection."""
-
-    timeout = 30
-
-    def __init__(self):
-        self.remote_key = defer.Deferred()
-        self.host = None
-        self._peer = None
-
-    def connectionMade(self):
-        self._peer = self.transport.getPeer()
-        logger.debug("Connected to %s", self._peer)
-
-        if not isinstance(self.path, bytes):
-            self.path = self.path.encode('ascii')
-
-        if not isinstance(self.host, bytes):
-            self.host = self.host.encode('ascii')
-
-        self.sendCommand(b"GET", self.path)
-        if self.host:
-            self.sendHeader(b"Host", self.host)
-        self.endHeaders()
-        self.timer = reactor.callLater(
-            self.timeout,
-            self.on_timeout
-        )
-
-    def errback(self, error):
-        if not self.remote_key.called:
-            self.remote_key.errback(error)
-
-    def callback(self, result):
-        if not self.remote_key.called:
-            self.remote_key.callback(result)
-
-    def handleStatus(self, version, status, message):
-        if status != b"200":
-            # logger.info("Non-200 response from %s: %s %s",
-            #            self.transport.getHost(), status, message)
-            error = SynapseKeyClientError(
-                "Non-200 response %r from %r" % (status, self.host)
-            )
-            error.status = status
-            self.errback(error)
-            self.transport.abortConnection()
-
-    def handleResponse(self, response_body_bytes):
-        try:
-            json_response = json.loads(response_body_bytes)
-        except ValueError:
-            # logger.info("Invalid JSON response from %s",
-            #            self.transport.getHost())
-            self.transport.abortConnection()
-            return
-
-        certificate = self.transport.getPeerCertificate()
-        self.callback((json_response, certificate))
-        self.transport.abortConnection()
-        self.timer.cancel()
-
-    def on_timeout(self):
-        logger.debug(
-            "Timeout waiting for response from %s: %s",
-            self.host, self._peer,
-        )
-        self.errback(IOError("Timeout waiting for response"))
-        self.transport.abortConnection()
-
-
-class SynapseKeyClientFactory(Factory):
-    def protocol(self):
-        protocol = SynapseKeyClientProtocol()
-        protocol.path = self.path
-        protocol.host = self.host
-        return protocol
diff --git a/synapse/crypto/keyring.py b/synapse/crypto/keyring.py
index 515ebbc148..cce40fdd2d 100644
--- a/synapse/crypto/keyring.py
+++ b/synapse/crypto/keyring.py
@@ -14,10 +14,11 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
-import hashlib
 import logging
 from collections import namedtuple
 
+from six.moves import urllib
+
 from signedjson.key import (
     decode_verify_key_bytes,
     encode_verify_key_base64,
@@ -30,13 +31,11 @@ from signedjson.sign import (
     signature_ids,
     verify_signed_json,
 )
-from unpaddedbase64 import decode_base64, encode_base64
+from unpaddedbase64 import decode_base64
 
-from OpenSSL import crypto
 from twisted.internet import defer
 
-from synapse.api.errors import Codes, SynapseError
-from synapse.crypto.keyclient import fetch_server_key
+from synapse.api.errors import Codes, RequestSendFailed, SynapseError
 from synapse.util import logcontext, unwrapFirstError
 from synapse.util.logcontext import (
     LoggingContext,
@@ -503,31 +502,16 @@ class Keyring(object):
             if requested_key_id in keys:
                 continue
 
-            (response, tls_certificate) = yield fetch_server_key(
-                server_name, self.hs.tls_client_options_factory, requested_key_id
+            response = yield self.client.get_json(
+                destination=server_name,
+                path="/_matrix/key/v2/server/" + urllib.parse.quote(requested_key_id),
+                ignore_backoff=True,
             )
 
             if (u"signatures" not in response
                     or server_name not in response[u"signatures"]):
                 raise KeyLookupError("Key response not signed by remote server")
 
-            if "tls_fingerprints" not in response:
-                raise KeyLookupError("Key response missing TLS fingerprints")
-
-            certificate_bytes = crypto.dump_certificate(
-                crypto.FILETYPE_ASN1, tls_certificate
-            )
-            sha256_fingerprint = hashlib.sha256(certificate_bytes).digest()
-            sha256_fingerprint_b64 = encode_base64(sha256_fingerprint)
-
-            response_sha256_fingerprints = set()
-            for fingerprint in response[u"tls_fingerprints"]:
-                if u"sha256" in fingerprint:
-                    response_sha256_fingerprints.add(fingerprint[u"sha256"])
-
-            if sha256_fingerprint_b64 not in response_sha256_fingerprints:
-                raise KeyLookupError("TLS certificate not allowed by fingerprints")
-
             response_keys = yield self.process_v2_response(
                 from_server=server_name,
                 requested_ids=[requested_key_id],
@@ -672,7 +656,7 @@ def _handle_key_deferred(verify_request):
     try:
         with PreserveLoggingContext():
             _, key_id, verify_key = yield verify_request.deferred
-    except IOError as e:
+    except (IOError, RequestSendFailed) as e:
         logger.warn(
             "Got IOError when downloading keys for %s: %s %s",
             server_name, type(e).__name__, str(e),
diff --git a/synapse/event_auth.py b/synapse/event_auth.py
index c81d8e6729..8f9e330da5 100644
--- a/synapse/event_auth.py
+++ b/synapse/event_auth.py
@@ -20,17 +20,25 @@ from signedjson.key import decode_verify_key_bytes
 from signedjson.sign import SignatureVerifyException, verify_signed_json
 from unpaddedbase64 import decode_base64
 
-from synapse.api.constants import KNOWN_ROOM_VERSIONS, EventTypes, JoinRules, Membership
+from synapse.api.constants import (
+    KNOWN_ROOM_VERSIONS,
+    EventFormatVersions,
+    EventTypes,
+    JoinRules,
+    Membership,
+    RoomVersions,
+)
 from synapse.api.errors import AuthError, EventSizeError, SynapseError
 from synapse.types import UserID, get_domain_from_id
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
-def check(event, auth_events, do_sig_check=True, do_size_check=True):
+def check(room_version, event, auth_events, do_sig_check=True, do_size_check=True):
     """ Checks if this event is correctly authed.
 
     Args:
+        room_version (str): the version of the room
         event: the event being checked.
         auth_events (dict: event-key -> event): the existing room state.
 
@@ -48,7 +56,6 @@ def check(event, auth_events, do_sig_check=True, do_size_check=True):
 
     if do_sig_check:
         sender_domain = get_domain_from_id(event.sender)
-        event_id_domain = get_domain_from_id(event.event_id)
 
         is_invite_via_3pid = (
             event.type == EventTypes.Member
@@ -65,9 +72,13 @@ def check(event, auth_events, do_sig_check=True, do_size_check=True):
             if not is_invite_via_3pid:
                 raise AuthError(403, "Event not signed by sender's server")
 
-        # Check the event_id's domain has signed the event
-        if not event.signatures.get(event_id_domain):
-            raise AuthError(403, "Event not signed by sending server")
+        if event.format_version in (EventFormatVersions.V1,):
+            # Only older room versions have event IDs to check.
+            event_id_domain = get_domain_from_id(event.event_id)
+
+            # Check the origin domain has signed the event
+            if not event.signatures.get(event_id_domain):
+                raise AuthError(403, "Event not signed by sending server")
 
     if auth_events is None:
         # Oh, we don't know what the state of the room was, so we
@@ -167,7 +178,7 @@ def check(event, auth_events, do_sig_check=True, do_size_check=True):
         _check_power_levels(event, auth_events)
 
     if event.type == EventTypes.Redaction:
-        check_redaction(event, auth_events)
+        check_redaction(room_version, event, auth_events)
 
     logger.debug("Allowing! %s", event)
 
@@ -421,7 +432,7 @@ def _can_send_event(event, auth_events):
     return True
 
 
-def check_redaction(event, auth_events):
+def check_redaction(room_version, event, auth_events):
     """Check whether the event sender is allowed to redact the target event.
 
     Returns:
@@ -441,10 +452,16 @@ def check_redaction(event, auth_events):
     if user_level >= redact_level:
         return False
 
-    redacter_domain = get_domain_from_id(event.event_id)
-    redactee_domain = get_domain_from_id(event.redacts)
-    if redacter_domain == redactee_domain:
+    if room_version in (RoomVersions.V1, RoomVersions.V2,):
+        redacter_domain = get_domain_from_id(event.event_id)
+        redactee_domain = get_domain_from_id(event.redacts)
+        if redacter_domain == redactee_domain:
+            return True
+    elif room_version == RoomVersions.V3:
+        event.internal_metadata.recheck_redaction = True
         return True
+    else:
+        raise RuntimeError("Unrecognized room version %r" % (room_version,))
 
     raise AuthError(
         403,
diff --git a/synapse/events/__init__.py b/synapse/events/__init__.py
index 84c75495d5..20c1ab4203 100644
--- a/synapse/events/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/events/__init__.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+# Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -18,6 +19,9 @@ from distutils.util import strtobool
 
 import six
 
+from unpaddedbase64 import encode_base64
+
+from synapse.api.constants import KNOWN_ROOM_VERSIONS, EventFormatVersions, RoomVersions
 from synapse.util.caches import intern_dict
 from synapse.util.frozenutils import freeze
 
@@ -41,8 +45,13 @@ class _EventInternalMetadata(object):
     def is_outlier(self):
         return getattr(self, "outlier", False)
 
-    def is_invite_from_remote(self):
-        return getattr(self, "invite_from_remote", False)
+    def is_out_of_band_membership(self):
+        """Whether this is an out of band membership, like an invite or an invite
+        rejection. This is needed as those events are marked as outliers, but
+        they still need to be processed as if they're new events (e.g. updating
+        invite state in the database, relaying to clients, etc).
+        """
+        return getattr(self, "out_of_band_membership", False)
 
     def get_send_on_behalf_of(self):
         """Whether this server should send the event on behalf of another server.
@@ -53,6 +62,21 @@ class _EventInternalMetadata(object):
         """
         return getattr(self, "send_on_behalf_of", None)
 
+    def need_to_check_redaction(self):
+        """Whether the redaction event needs to be rechecked when fetching
+        from the database.
+
+        Starting in room v3 redaction events are accepted up front, and later
+        checked to see if the redacter and redactee's domains match.
+
+        If the sender of the redaction event is allowed to redact any event
+        due to auth rules, then this will always return false.
+
+        Returns:
+            bool
+        """
+        return getattr(self, "recheck_redaction", False)
+
 
 def _event_dict_property(key):
     # We want to be able to use hasattr with the event dict properties.
@@ -179,6 +203,8 @@ class EventBase(object):
 
 
 class FrozenEvent(EventBase):
+    format_version = EventFormatVersions.V1  # All events of this type are V1
+
     def __init__(self, event_dict, internal_metadata_dict={}, rejected_reason=None):
         event_dict = dict(event_dict)
 
@@ -213,22 +239,136 @@ class FrozenEvent(EventBase):
             rejected_reason=rejected_reason,
         )
 
-    @staticmethod
-    def from_event(event):
-        e = FrozenEvent(
-            event.get_pdu_json()
+    def __str__(self):
+        return self.__repr__()
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return "<FrozenEvent event_id='%s', type='%s', state_key='%s'>" % (
+            self.get("event_id", None),
+            self.get("type", None),
+            self.get("state_key", None),
+        )
+
+
+class FrozenEventV2(EventBase):
+    format_version = EventFormatVersions.V2  # All events of this type are V2
+
+    def __init__(self, event_dict, internal_metadata_dict={}, rejected_reason=None):
+        event_dict = dict(event_dict)
+
+        # Signatures is a dict of dicts, and this is faster than doing a
+        # copy.deepcopy
+        signatures = {
+            name: {sig_id: sig for sig_id, sig in sigs.items()}
+            for name, sigs in event_dict.pop("signatures", {}).items()
+        }
+
+        assert "event_id" not in event_dict
+
+        unsigned = dict(event_dict.pop("unsigned", {}))
+
+        # We intern these strings because they turn up a lot (especially when
+        # caching).
+        event_dict = intern_dict(event_dict)
+
+        if USE_FROZEN_DICTS:
+            frozen_dict = freeze(event_dict)
+        else:
+            frozen_dict = event_dict
+
+        self._event_id = None
+        self.type = event_dict["type"]
+        if "state_key" in event_dict:
+            self.state_key = event_dict["state_key"]
+
+        super(FrozenEventV2, self).__init__(
+            frozen_dict,
+            signatures=signatures,
+            unsigned=unsigned,
+            internal_metadata_dict=internal_metadata_dict,
+            rejected_reason=rejected_reason,
         )
 
-        e.internal_metadata = event.internal_metadata
+    @property
+    def event_id(self):
+        # We have to import this here as otherwise we get an import loop which
+        # is hard to break.
+        from synapse.crypto.event_signing import compute_event_reference_hash
 
-        return e
+        if self._event_id:
+            return self._event_id
+        self._event_id = "$" + encode_base64(compute_event_reference_hash(self)[1])
+        return self._event_id
+
+    def prev_event_ids(self):
+        """Returns the list of prev event IDs. The order matches the order
+        specified in the event, though there is no meaning to it.
+
+        Returns:
+            list[str]: The list of event IDs of this event's prev_events
+        """
+        return self.prev_events
+
+    def auth_event_ids(self):
+        """Returns the list of auth event IDs. The order matches the order
+        specified in the event, though there is no meaning to it.
+
+        Returns:
+            list[str]: The list of event IDs of this event's auth_events
+        """
+        return self.auth_events
 
     def __str__(self):
         return self.__repr__()
 
     def __repr__(self):
-        return "<FrozenEvent event_id='%s', type='%s', state_key='%s'>" % (
-            self.get("event_id", None),
+        return "<FrozenEventV2 event_id='%s', type='%s', state_key='%s'>" % (
+            self.event_id,
             self.get("type", None),
             self.get("state_key", None),
         )
+
+
+def room_version_to_event_format(room_version):
+    """Converts a room version string to the event format
+
+    Args:
+        room_version (str)
+
+    Returns:
+        int
+    """
+    if room_version not in KNOWN_ROOM_VERSIONS:
+        # We should have already checked version, so this should not happen
+        raise RuntimeError("Unrecognized room version %s" % (room_version,))
+
+    if room_version in (
+        RoomVersions.V1, RoomVersions.V2, RoomVersions.STATE_V2_TEST,
+    ):
+        return EventFormatVersions.V1
+    elif room_version in (RoomVersions.V3,):
+        return EventFormatVersions.V2
+    else:
+        raise RuntimeError("Unrecognized room version %s" % (room_version,))
+
+
+def event_type_from_format_version(format_version):
+    """Returns the python type to use to construct an Event object for the
+    given event format version.
+
+    Args:
+        format_version (int): The event format version
+
+    Returns:
+        type: A type that can be initialized as per the initializer of
+        `FrozenEvent`
+    """
+
+    if format_version == EventFormatVersions.V1:
+        return FrozenEvent
+    elif format_version == EventFormatVersions.V2:
+        return FrozenEventV2
+    else:
+        raise Exception(
+            "No event format %r" % (format_version,)
+        )
diff --git a/synapse/events/builder.py b/synapse/events/builder.py
index e662eaef10..06e01be918 100644
--- a/synapse/events/builder.py
+++ b/synapse/events/builder.py
@@ -13,63 +13,270 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
-import copy
+import attr
 
+from twisted.internet import defer
+
+from synapse.api.constants import (
+    KNOWN_EVENT_FORMAT_VERSIONS,
+    KNOWN_ROOM_VERSIONS,
+    MAX_DEPTH,
+    EventFormatVersions,
+)
+from synapse.crypto.event_signing import add_hashes_and_signatures
 from synapse.types import EventID
 from synapse.util.stringutils import random_string
 
-from . import EventBase, FrozenEvent, _event_dict_property
+from . import (
+    _EventInternalMetadata,
+    event_type_from_format_version,
+    room_version_to_event_format,
+)
+
+
+@attr.s(slots=True, cmp=False, frozen=True)
+class EventBuilder(object):
+    """A format independent event builder used to build up the event content
+    before signing the event.
+
+    (Note that while objects of this class are frozen, the
+    content/unsigned/internal_metadata fields are still mutable)
+
+    Attributes:
+        format_version (int): Event format version
+        room_id (str)
+        type (str)
+        sender (str)
+        content (dict)
+        unsigned (dict)
+        internal_metadata (_EventInternalMetadata)
+
+        _state (StateHandler)
+        _auth (synapse.api.Auth)
+        _store (DataStore)
+        _clock (Clock)
+        _hostname (str): The hostname of the server creating the event
+        _signing_key: The signing key to use to sign the event as the server
+    """
+
+    _state = attr.ib()
+    _auth = attr.ib()
+    _store = attr.ib()
+    _clock = attr.ib()
+    _hostname = attr.ib()
+    _signing_key = attr.ib()
+
+    format_version = attr.ib()
+
+    room_id = attr.ib()
+    type = attr.ib()
+    sender = attr.ib()
+
+    content = attr.ib(default=attr.Factory(dict))
+    unsigned = attr.ib(default=attr.Factory(dict))
+
+    # These only exist on a subset of events, so they raise AttributeError if
+    # someone tries to get them when they don't exist.
+    _state_key = attr.ib(default=None)
+    _redacts = attr.ib(default=None)
 
+    internal_metadata = attr.ib(default=attr.Factory(lambda: _EventInternalMetadata({})))
 
-class EventBuilder(EventBase):
-    def __init__(self, key_values={}, internal_metadata_dict={}):
-        signatures = copy.deepcopy(key_values.pop("signatures", {}))
-        unsigned = copy.deepcopy(key_values.pop("unsigned", {}))
+    @property
+    def state_key(self):
+        if self._state_key is not None:
+            return self._state_key
 
-        super(EventBuilder, self).__init__(
-            key_values,
-            signatures=signatures,
-            unsigned=unsigned,
-            internal_metadata_dict=internal_metadata_dict,
+        raise AttributeError("state_key")
+
+    def is_state(self):
+        return self._state_key is not None
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def build(self, prev_event_ids):
+        """Transform into a fully signed and hashed event
+
+        Args:
+            prev_event_ids (list[str]): The event IDs to use as the prev events
+
+        Returns:
+            Deferred[FrozenEvent]
+        """
+
+        state_ids = yield self._state.get_current_state_ids(
+            self.room_id, prev_event_ids,
+        )
+        auth_ids = yield self._auth.compute_auth_events(
+            self, state_ids,
         )
 
-    event_id = _event_dict_property("event_id")
-    state_key = _event_dict_property("state_key")
-    type = _event_dict_property("type")
+        if self.format_version == EventFormatVersions.V1:
+            auth_events = yield self._store.add_event_hashes(auth_ids)
+            prev_events = yield self._store.add_event_hashes(prev_event_ids)
+        else:
+            auth_events = auth_ids
+            prev_events = prev_event_ids
+
+        old_depth = yield self._store.get_max_depth_of(
+            prev_event_ids,
+        )
+        depth = old_depth + 1
+
+        # we cap depth of generated events, to ensure that they are not
+        # rejected by other servers (and so that they can be persisted in
+        # the db)
+        depth = min(depth, MAX_DEPTH)
+
+        event_dict = {
+            "auth_events": auth_events,
+            "prev_events": prev_events,
+            "type": self.type,
+            "room_id": self.room_id,
+            "sender": self.sender,
+            "content": self.content,
+            "unsigned": self.unsigned,
+            "depth": depth,
+            "prev_state": [],
+        }
+
+        if self.is_state():
+            event_dict["state_key"] = self._state_key
 
-    def build(self):
-        return FrozenEvent.from_event(self)
+        if self._redacts is not None:
+            event_dict["redacts"] = self._redacts
+
+        defer.returnValue(
+            create_local_event_from_event_dict(
+                clock=self._clock,
+                hostname=self._hostname,
+                signing_key=self._signing_key,
+                format_version=self.format_version,
+                event_dict=event_dict,
+                internal_metadata_dict=self.internal_metadata.get_dict(),
+            )
+        )
 
 
 class EventBuilderFactory(object):
-    def __init__(self, clock, hostname):
-        self.clock = clock
-        self.hostname = hostname
+    def __init__(self, hs):
+        self.clock = hs.get_clock()
+        self.hostname = hs.hostname
+        self.signing_key = hs.config.signing_key[0]
+
+        self.store = hs.get_datastore()
+        self.state = hs.get_state_handler()
+        self.auth = hs.get_auth()
+
+    def new(self, room_version, key_values):
+        """Generate an event builder appropriate for the given room version
+
+        Args:
+            room_version (str): Version of the room that we're creating an
+                event builder for
+            key_values (dict): Fields used as the basis of the new event
+
+        Returns:
+            EventBuilder
+        """
+
+        # There's currently only the one event version defined
+        if room_version not in KNOWN_ROOM_VERSIONS:
+            raise Exception(
+                "No event format defined for version %r" % (room_version,)
+            )
+
+        return EventBuilder(
+            store=self.store,
+            state=self.state,
+            auth=self.auth,
+            clock=self.clock,
+            hostname=self.hostname,
+            signing_key=self.signing_key,
+            format_version=room_version_to_event_format(room_version),
+            type=key_values["type"],
+            state_key=key_values.get("state_key"),
+            room_id=key_values["room_id"],
+            sender=key_values["sender"],
+            content=key_values.get("content", {}),
+            unsigned=key_values.get("unsigned", {}),
+            redacts=key_values.get("redacts", None),
+        )
+
+
+def create_local_event_from_event_dict(clock, hostname, signing_key,
+                                       format_version, event_dict,
+                                       internal_metadata_dict=None):
+    """Takes a fully formed event dict, ensuring that fields like `origin`
+    and `origin_server_ts` have correct values for a locally produced event,
+    then signs and hashes it.
+
+    Args:
+        clock (Clock)
+        hostname (str)
+        signing_key
+        format_version (int)
+        event_dict (dict)
+        internal_metadata_dict (dict|None)
+
+    Returns:
+        FrozenEvent
+    """
+
+    # There's currently only the one event version defined
+    if format_version not in KNOWN_EVENT_FORMAT_VERSIONS:
+        raise Exception(
+            "No event format defined for version %r" % (format_version,)
+        )
+
+    if internal_metadata_dict is None:
+        internal_metadata_dict = {}
+
+    time_now = int(clock.time_msec())
+
+    if format_version == EventFormatVersions.V1:
+        event_dict["event_id"] = _create_event_id(clock, hostname)
+
+    event_dict["origin"] = hostname
+    event_dict["origin_server_ts"] = time_now
+
+    event_dict.setdefault("unsigned", {})
+    age = event_dict["unsigned"].pop("age", 0)
+    event_dict["unsigned"].setdefault("age_ts", time_now - age)
+
+    event_dict.setdefault("signatures", {})
+
+    add_hashes_and_signatures(
+        event_dict,
+        hostname,
+        signing_key,
+    )
+    return event_type_from_format_version(format_version)(
+        event_dict, internal_metadata_dict=internal_metadata_dict,
+    )
 
-        self.event_id_count = 0
 
-    def create_event_id(self):
-        i = str(self.event_id_count)
-        self.event_id_count += 1
+# A counter used when generating new event IDs
+_event_id_counter = 0
 
-        local_part = str(int(self.clock.time())) + i + random_string(5)
 
-        e_id = EventID(local_part, self.hostname)
+def _create_event_id(clock, hostname):
+    """Create a new event ID
 
-        return e_id.to_string()
+    Args:
+        clock (Clock)
+        hostname (str): The server name for the event ID
 
-    def new(self, key_values={}):
-        key_values["event_id"] = self.create_event_id()
+    Returns:
+        str
+    """
 
-        time_now = int(self.clock.time_msec())
+    global _event_id_counter
 
-        key_values.setdefault("origin", self.hostname)
-        key_values.setdefault("origin_server_ts", time_now)
+    i = str(_event_id_counter)
+    _event_id_counter += 1
 
-        key_values.setdefault("unsigned", {})
-        age = key_values["unsigned"].pop("age", 0)
-        key_values["unsigned"].setdefault("age_ts", time_now - age)
+    local_part = str(int(clock.time())) + i + random_string(5)
 
-        key_values["signatures"] = {}
+    e_id = EventID(local_part, hostname)
 
-        return EventBuilder(key_values=key_values,)
+    return e_id.to_string()
diff --git a/synapse/events/utils.py b/synapse/events/utils.py
index 652941ca0d..07fccdd8f9 100644
--- a/synapse/events/utils.py
+++ b/synapse/events/utils.py
@@ -38,8 +38,31 @@ def prune_event(event):
     This is used when we "redact" an event. We want to remove all fields that
     the user has specified, but we do want to keep necessary information like
     type, state_key etc.
+
+    Args:
+        event (FrozenEvent)
+
+    Returns:
+        FrozenEvent
+    """
+    pruned_event_dict = prune_event_dict(event.get_dict())
+
+    from . import event_type_from_format_version
+    return event_type_from_format_version(event.format_version)(
+        pruned_event_dict, event.internal_metadata.get_dict()
+    )
+
+
+def prune_event_dict(event_dict):
+    """Redacts the event_dict in the same way as `prune_event`, except it
+    operates on dicts rather than event objects
+
+    Args:
+        event_dict (dict)
+
+    Returns:
+        dict: A copy of the pruned event dict
     """
-    event_type = event.type
 
     allowed_keys = [
         "event_id",
@@ -59,13 +82,13 @@ def prune_event(event):
         "membership",
     ]
 
-    event_dict = event.get_dict()
+    event_type = event_dict["type"]
 
     new_content = {}
 
     def add_fields(*fields):
         for field in fields:
-            if field in event.content:
+            if field in event_dict["content"]:
                 new_content[field] = event_dict["content"][field]
 
     if event_type == EventTypes.Member:
@@ -98,17 +121,17 @@ def prune_event(event):
 
     allowed_fields["content"] = new_content
 
-    allowed_fields["unsigned"] = {}
+    unsigned = {}
+    allowed_fields["unsigned"] = unsigned
 
-    if "age_ts" in event.unsigned:
-        allowed_fields["unsigned"]["age_ts"] = event.unsigned["age_ts"]
-    if "replaces_state" in event.unsigned:
-        allowed_fields["unsigned"]["replaces_state"] = event.unsigned["replaces_state"]
+    event_unsigned = event_dict.get("unsigned", {})
 
-    return type(event)(
-        allowed_fields,
-        internal_metadata_dict=event.internal_metadata.get_dict()
-    )
+    if "age_ts" in event_unsigned:
+        unsigned["age_ts"] = event_unsigned["age_ts"]
+    if "replaces_state" in event_unsigned:
+        unsigned["replaces_state"] = event_unsigned["replaces_state"]
+
+    return allowed_fields
 
 
 def _copy_field(src, dst, field):
@@ -244,6 +267,7 @@ def serialize_event(e, time_now_ms, as_client_event=True,
     Returns:
         dict
     """
+
     # FIXME(erikj): To handle the case of presence events and the like
     if not isinstance(e, EventBase):
         return e
@@ -253,6 +277,8 @@ def serialize_event(e, time_now_ms, as_client_event=True,
     # Should this strip out None's?
     d = {k: v for k, v in e.get_dict().items()}
 
+    d["event_id"] = e.event_id
+
     if "age_ts" in d["unsigned"]:
         d["unsigned"]["age"] = time_now_ms - d["unsigned"]["age_ts"]
         del d["unsigned"]["age_ts"]
diff --git a/synapse/events/validator.py b/synapse/events/validator.py
index cf184748a1..a072674b02 100644
--- a/synapse/events/validator.py
+++ b/synapse/events/validator.py
@@ -15,23 +15,29 @@
 
 from six import string_types
 
-from synapse.api.constants import EventTypes, Membership
+from synapse.api.constants import EventFormatVersions, EventTypes, Membership
 from synapse.api.errors import SynapseError
 from synapse.types import EventID, RoomID, UserID
 
 
 class EventValidator(object):
+    def validate_new(self, event):
+        """Validates the event has roughly the right format
 
-    def validate(self, event):
-        EventID.from_string(event.event_id)
-        RoomID.from_string(event.room_id)
+        Args:
+            event (FrozenEvent)
+        """
+        self.validate_builder(event)
+
+        if event.format_version == EventFormatVersions.V1:
+            EventID.from_string(event.event_id)
 
         required = [
-            # "auth_events",
+            "auth_events",
             "content",
-            # "hashes",
+            "hashes",
             "origin",
-            # "prev_events",
+            "prev_events",
             "sender",
             "type",
         ]
@@ -41,8 +47,25 @@ class EventValidator(object):
                 raise SynapseError(400, "Event does not have key %s" % (k,))
 
         # Check that the following keys have string values
-        strings = [
+        event_strings = [
             "origin",
+        ]
+
+        for s in event_strings:
+            if not isinstance(getattr(event, s), string_types):
+                raise SynapseError(400, "'%s' not a string type" % (s,))
+
+    def validate_builder(self, event):
+        """Validates that the builder/event has roughly the right format. Only
+        checks values that we expect a proto event to have, rather than all the
+        fields an event would have
+
+        Args:
+            event (EventBuilder|FrozenEvent)
+        """
+
+        strings = [
+            "room_id",
             "sender",
             "type",
         ]
@@ -54,22 +77,7 @@ class EventValidator(object):
             if not isinstance(getattr(event, s), string_types):
                 raise SynapseError(400, "Not '%s' a string type" % (s,))
 
-        if event.type == EventTypes.Member:
-            if "membership" not in event.content:
-                raise SynapseError(400, "Content has not membership key")
-
-            if event.content["membership"] not in Membership.LIST:
-                raise SynapseError(400, "Invalid membership key")
-
-        # Check that the following keys have dictionary values
-        # TODO
-
-        # Check that the following keys have the correct format for DAGs
-        # TODO
-
-    def validate_new(self, event):
-        self.validate(event)
-
+        RoomID.from_string(event.room_id)
         UserID.from_string(event.sender)
 
         if event.type == EventTypes.Message:
@@ -86,9 +94,16 @@ class EventValidator(object):
         elif event.type == EventTypes.Name:
             self._ensure_strings(event.content, ["name"])
 
+        elif event.type == EventTypes.Member:
+            if "membership" not in event.content:
+                raise SynapseError(400, "Content has not membership key")
+
+            if event.content["membership"] not in Membership.LIST:
+                raise SynapseError(400, "Invalid membership key")
+
     def _ensure_strings(self, d, keys):
         for s in keys:
             if s not in d:
                 raise SynapseError(400, "'%s' not in content" % (s,))
             if not isinstance(d[s], string_types):
-                raise SynapseError(400, "Not '%s' a string type" % (s,))
+                raise SynapseError(400, "'%s' not a string type" % (s,))
diff --git a/synapse/federation/federation_base.py b/synapse/federation/federation_base.py
index b7ad729c63..a7a2ec4523 100644
--- a/synapse/federation/federation_base.py
+++ b/synapse/federation/federation_base.py
@@ -20,10 +20,10 @@ import six
 from twisted.internet import defer
 from twisted.internet.defer import DeferredList
 
-from synapse.api.constants import MAX_DEPTH, EventTypes, Membership
+from synapse.api.constants import MAX_DEPTH, EventTypes, Membership, RoomVersions
 from synapse.api.errors import Codes, SynapseError
 from synapse.crypto.event_signing import check_event_content_hash
-from synapse.events import FrozenEvent
+from synapse.events import event_type_from_format_version
 from synapse.events.utils import prune_event
 from synapse.http.servlet import assert_params_in_dict
 from synapse.types import get_domain_from_id
@@ -43,8 +43,8 @@ class FederationBase(object):
         self._clock = hs.get_clock()
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _check_sigs_and_hash_and_fetch(self, origin, pdus, outlier=False,
-                                       include_none=False):
+    def _check_sigs_and_hash_and_fetch(self, origin, pdus, room_version,
+                                       outlier=False, include_none=False):
         """Takes a list of PDUs and checks the signatures and hashs of each
         one. If a PDU fails its signature check then we check if we have it in
         the database and if not then request if from the originating server of
@@ -56,13 +56,17 @@ class FederationBase(object):
         a new list.
 
         Args:
+            origin (str)
             pdu (list)
-            outlier (bool)
+            room_version (str)
+            outlier (bool): Whether the events are outliers or not
+            include_none (str): Whether to include None in the returned list
+                for events that have failed their checks
 
         Returns:
             Deferred : A list of PDUs that have valid signatures and hashes.
         """
-        deferreds = self._check_sigs_and_hashes(pdus)
+        deferreds = self._check_sigs_and_hashes(room_version, pdus)
 
         @defer.inlineCallbacks
         def handle_check_result(pdu, deferred):
@@ -84,6 +88,7 @@ class FederationBase(object):
                     res = yield self.get_pdu(
                         destinations=[pdu.origin],
                         event_id=pdu.event_id,
+                        room_version=room_version,
                         outlier=outlier,
                         timeout=10000,
                     )
@@ -116,16 +121,17 @@ class FederationBase(object):
         else:
             defer.returnValue([p for p in valid_pdus if p])
 
-    def _check_sigs_and_hash(self, pdu):
+    def _check_sigs_and_hash(self, room_version, pdu):
         return logcontext.make_deferred_yieldable(
-            self._check_sigs_and_hashes([pdu])[0],
+            self._check_sigs_and_hashes(room_version, [pdu])[0],
         )
 
-    def _check_sigs_and_hashes(self, pdus):
+    def _check_sigs_and_hashes(self, room_version, pdus):
         """Checks that each of the received events is correctly signed by the
         sending server.
 
         Args:
+            room_version (str): The room version of the PDUs
             pdus (list[FrozenEvent]): the events to be checked
 
         Returns:
@@ -136,7 +142,7 @@ class FederationBase(object):
               * throws a SynapseError if the signature check failed.
             The deferreds run their callbacks in the sentinel logcontext.
         """
-        deferreds = _check_sigs_on_pdus(self.keyring, pdus)
+        deferreds = _check_sigs_on_pdus(self.keyring, room_version, pdus)
 
         ctx = logcontext.LoggingContext.current_context()
 
@@ -198,16 +204,17 @@ class FederationBase(object):
 
 
 class PduToCheckSig(namedtuple("PduToCheckSig", [
-    "pdu", "redacted_pdu_json", "event_id_domain", "sender_domain", "deferreds",
+    "pdu", "redacted_pdu_json", "sender_domain", "deferreds",
 ])):
     pass
 
 
-def _check_sigs_on_pdus(keyring, pdus):
+def _check_sigs_on_pdus(keyring, room_version, pdus):
     """Check that the given events are correctly signed
 
     Args:
         keyring (synapse.crypto.Keyring): keyring object to do the checks
+        room_version (str): the room version of the PDUs
         pdus (Collection[EventBase]): the events to be checked
 
     Returns:
@@ -220,9 +227,7 @@ def _check_sigs_on_pdus(keyring, pdus):
 
     # we want to check that the event is signed by:
     #
-    # (a) the server which created the event_id
-    #
-    # (b) the sender's server.
+    # (a) the sender's server
     #
     #     - except in the case of invites created from a 3pid invite, which are exempt
     #     from this check, because the sender has to match that of the original 3pid
@@ -236,34 +241,26 @@ def _check_sigs_on_pdus(keyring, pdus):
     #     and signatures are *supposed* to be valid whether or not an event has been
     #     redacted. But this isn't the worst of the ways that 3pid invites are broken.
     #
+    # (b) for V1 and V2 rooms, the server which created the event_id
+    #
     # let's start by getting the domain for each pdu, and flattening the event back
     # to JSON.
+
     pdus_to_check = [
         PduToCheckSig(
             pdu=p,
             redacted_pdu_json=prune_event(p).get_pdu_json(),
-            event_id_domain=get_domain_from_id(p.event_id),
             sender_domain=get_domain_from_id(p.sender),
             deferreds=[],
         )
         for p in pdus
     ]
 
-    # first make sure that the event is signed by the event_id's domain
-    deferreds = keyring.verify_json_objects_for_server([
-        (p.event_id_domain, p.redacted_pdu_json)
-        for p in pdus_to_check
-    ])
-
-    for p, d in zip(pdus_to_check, deferreds):
-        p.deferreds.append(d)
-
-    # now let's look for events where the sender's domain is different to the
-    # event id's domain (normally only the case for joins/leaves), and add additional
-    # checks.
+    # First we check that the sender event is signed by the sender's domain
+    # (except if its a 3pid invite, in which case it may be sent by any server)
     pdus_to_check_sender = [
         p for p in pdus_to_check
-        if p.sender_domain != p.event_id_domain and not _is_invite_via_3pid(p.pdu)
+        if not _is_invite_via_3pid(p.pdu)
     ]
 
     more_deferreds = keyring.verify_json_objects_for_server([
@@ -274,19 +271,43 @@ def _check_sigs_on_pdus(keyring, pdus):
     for p, d in zip(pdus_to_check_sender, more_deferreds):
         p.deferreds.append(d)
 
+    # now let's look for events where the sender's domain is different to the
+    # event id's domain (normally only the case for joins/leaves), and add additional
+    # checks. Only do this if the room version has a concept of event ID domain
+    if room_version in (
+        RoomVersions.V1, RoomVersions.V2, RoomVersions.STATE_V2_TEST,
+    ):
+        pdus_to_check_event_id = [
+            p for p in pdus_to_check
+            if p.sender_domain != get_domain_from_id(p.pdu.event_id)
+        ]
+
+        more_deferreds = keyring.verify_json_objects_for_server([
+            (get_domain_from_id(p.pdu.event_id), p.redacted_pdu_json)
+            for p in pdus_to_check_event_id
+        ])
+
+        for p, d in zip(pdus_to_check_event_id, more_deferreds):
+            p.deferreds.append(d)
+    elif room_version in (RoomVersions.V3,):
+        pass  # No further checks needed, as event IDs are hashes here
+    else:
+        raise RuntimeError("Unrecognized room version %s" % (room_version,))
+
     # replace lists of deferreds with single Deferreds
     return [_flatten_deferred_list(p.deferreds) for p in pdus_to_check]
 
 
 def _flatten_deferred_list(deferreds):
-    """Given a list of one or more deferreds, either return the single deferred, or
-    combine into a DeferredList.
+    """Given a list of deferreds, either return the single deferred,
+    combine into a DeferredList, or return an already resolved deferred.
     """
     if len(deferreds) > 1:
         return DeferredList(deferreds, fireOnOneErrback=True, consumeErrors=True)
-    else:
-        assert len(deferreds) == 1
+    elif len(deferreds) == 1:
         return deferreds[0]
+    else:
+        return defer.succeed(None)
 
 
 def _is_invite_via_3pid(event):
@@ -297,11 +318,12 @@ def _is_invite_via_3pid(event):
     )
 
 
-def event_from_pdu_json(pdu_json, outlier=False):
+def event_from_pdu_json(pdu_json, event_format_version, outlier=False):
     """Construct a FrozenEvent from an event json received over federation
 
     Args:
         pdu_json (object): pdu as received over federation
+        event_format_version (int): The event format version
         outlier (bool): True to mark this event as an outlier
 
     Returns:
@@ -313,7 +335,7 @@ def event_from_pdu_json(pdu_json, outlier=False):
     """
     # we could probably enforce a bunch of other fields here (room_id, sender,
     # origin, etc etc)
-    assert_params_in_dict(pdu_json, ('event_id', 'type', 'depth'))
+    assert_params_in_dict(pdu_json, ('type', 'depth'))
 
     depth = pdu_json['depth']
     if not isinstance(depth, six.integer_types):
@@ -325,8 +347,8 @@ def event_from_pdu_json(pdu_json, outlier=False):
     elif depth > MAX_DEPTH:
         raise SynapseError(400, "Depth too large", Codes.BAD_JSON)
 
-    event = FrozenEvent(
-        pdu_json
+    event = event_type_from_format_version(event_format_version)(
+        pdu_json,
     )
 
     event.internal_metadata.outlier = outlier
diff --git a/synapse/federation/federation_client.py b/synapse/federation/federation_client.py
index d05ed91d64..4e4f58b418 100644
--- a/synapse/federation/federation_client.py
+++ b/synapse/federation/federation_client.py
@@ -25,14 +25,19 @@ from prometheus_client import Counter
 
 from twisted.internet import defer
 
-from synapse.api.constants import KNOWN_ROOM_VERSIONS, EventTypes, Membership
+from synapse.api.constants import (
+    KNOWN_ROOM_VERSIONS,
+    EventTypes,
+    Membership,
+    RoomVersions,
+)
 from synapse.api.errors import (
     CodeMessageException,
     FederationDeniedError,
     HttpResponseException,
     SynapseError,
 )
-from synapse.events import builder
+from synapse.events import builder, room_version_to_event_format
 from synapse.federation.federation_base import FederationBase, event_from_pdu_json
 from synapse.util import logcontext, unwrapFirstError
 from synapse.util.caches.expiringcache import ExpiringCache
@@ -66,6 +71,9 @@ class FederationClient(FederationBase):
         self.state = hs.get_state_handler()
         self.transport_layer = hs.get_federation_transport_client()
 
+        self.hostname = hs.hostname
+        self.signing_key = hs.config.signing_key[0]
+
         self._get_pdu_cache = ExpiringCache(
             cache_name="get_pdu_cache",
             clock=self._clock,
@@ -162,13 +170,13 @@ class FederationClient(FederationBase):
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     @log_function
-    def backfill(self, dest, context, limit, extremities):
+    def backfill(self, dest, room_id, limit, extremities):
         """Requests some more historic PDUs for the given context from the
         given destination server.
 
         Args:
             dest (str): The remote home server to ask.
-            context (str): The context to backfill.
+            room_id (str): The room_id to backfill.
             limit (int): The maximum number of PDUs to return.
             extremities (list): List of PDU id and origins of the first pdus
                 we have seen from the context
@@ -183,18 +191,21 @@ class FederationClient(FederationBase):
             return
 
         transaction_data = yield self.transport_layer.backfill(
-            dest, context, extremities, limit)
+            dest, room_id, extremities, limit)
 
         logger.debug("backfill transaction_data=%s", repr(transaction_data))
 
+        room_version = yield self.store.get_room_version(room_id)
+        format_ver = room_version_to_event_format(room_version)
+
         pdus = [
-            event_from_pdu_json(p, outlier=False)
+            event_from_pdu_json(p, format_ver, outlier=False)
             for p in transaction_data["pdus"]
         ]
 
         # FIXME: We should handle signature failures more gracefully.
         pdus[:] = yield logcontext.make_deferred_yieldable(defer.gatherResults(
-            self._check_sigs_and_hashes(pdus),
+            self._check_sigs_and_hashes(room_version, pdus),
             consumeErrors=True,
         ).addErrback(unwrapFirstError))
 
@@ -202,7 +213,8 @@ class FederationClient(FederationBase):
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     @log_function
-    def get_pdu(self, destinations, event_id, outlier=False, timeout=None):
+    def get_pdu(self, destinations, event_id, room_version, outlier=False,
+                timeout=None):
         """Requests the PDU with given origin and ID from the remote home
         servers.
 
@@ -212,6 +224,7 @@ class FederationClient(FederationBase):
         Args:
             destinations (list): Which home servers to query
             event_id (str): event to fetch
+            room_version (str): version of the room
             outlier (bool): Indicates whether the PDU is an `outlier`, i.e. if
                 it's from an arbitary point in the context as opposed to part
                 of the current block of PDUs. Defaults to `False`
@@ -230,6 +243,8 @@ class FederationClient(FederationBase):
 
         pdu_attempts = self.pdu_destination_tried.setdefault(event_id, {})
 
+        format_ver = room_version_to_event_format(room_version)
+
         signed_pdu = None
         for destination in destinations:
             now = self._clock.time_msec()
@@ -245,7 +260,7 @@ class FederationClient(FederationBase):
                 logger.debug("transaction_data %r", transaction_data)
 
                 pdu_list = [
-                    event_from_pdu_json(p, outlier=outlier)
+                    event_from_pdu_json(p, format_ver, outlier=outlier)
                     for p in transaction_data["pdus"]
                 ]
 
@@ -253,7 +268,7 @@ class FederationClient(FederationBase):
                     pdu = pdu_list[0]
 
                     # Check signatures are correct.
-                    signed_pdu = yield self._check_sigs_and_hash(pdu)
+                    signed_pdu = yield self._check_sigs_and_hash(room_version, pdu)
 
                     break
 
@@ -339,12 +354,16 @@ class FederationClient(FederationBase):
             destination, room_id, event_id=event_id,
         )
 
+        room_version = yield self.store.get_room_version(room_id)
+        format_ver = room_version_to_event_format(room_version)
+
         pdus = [
-            event_from_pdu_json(p, outlier=True) for p in result["pdus"]
+            event_from_pdu_json(p, format_ver, outlier=True)
+            for p in result["pdus"]
         ]
 
         auth_chain = [
-            event_from_pdu_json(p, outlier=True)
+            event_from_pdu_json(p, format_ver, outlier=True)
             for p in result.get("auth_chain", [])
         ]
 
@@ -355,7 +374,8 @@ class FederationClient(FederationBase):
         signed_pdus = yield self._check_sigs_and_hash_and_fetch(
             destination,
             [p for p in pdus if p.event_id not in seen_events],
-            outlier=True
+            outlier=True,
+            room_version=room_version,
         )
         signed_pdus.extend(
             seen_events[p.event_id] for p in pdus if p.event_id in seen_events
@@ -364,7 +384,8 @@ class FederationClient(FederationBase):
         signed_auth = yield self._check_sigs_and_hash_and_fetch(
             destination,
             [p for p in auth_chain if p.event_id not in seen_events],
-            outlier=True
+            outlier=True,
+            room_version=room_version,
         )
         signed_auth.extend(
             seen_events[p.event_id] for p in auth_chain if p.event_id in seen_events
@@ -411,6 +432,8 @@ class FederationClient(FederationBase):
             random.shuffle(srvs)
             return srvs
 
+        room_version = yield self.store.get_room_version(room_id)
+
         batch_size = 20
         missing_events = list(missing_events)
         for i in range(0, len(missing_events), batch_size):
@@ -421,6 +444,7 @@ class FederationClient(FederationBase):
                     self.get_pdu,
                     destinations=random_server_list(),
                     event_id=e_id,
+                    room_version=room_version,
                 )
                 for e_id in batch
             ]
@@ -445,13 +469,17 @@ class FederationClient(FederationBase):
             destination, room_id, event_id,
         )
 
+        room_version = yield self.store.get_room_version(room_id)
+        format_ver = room_version_to_event_format(room_version)
+
         auth_chain = [
-            event_from_pdu_json(p, outlier=True)
+            event_from_pdu_json(p, format_ver, outlier=True)
             for p in res["auth_chain"]
         ]
 
         signed_auth = yield self._check_sigs_and_hash_and_fetch(
-            destination, auth_chain, outlier=True
+            destination, auth_chain,
+            outlier=True, room_version=room_version,
         )
 
         signed_auth.sort(key=lambda e: e.depth)
@@ -522,6 +550,8 @@ class FederationClient(FederationBase):
         Does so by asking one of the already participating servers to create an
         event with proper context.
 
+        Returns a fully signed and hashed event.
+
         Note that this does not append any events to any graphs.
 
         Args:
@@ -536,8 +566,10 @@ class FederationClient(FederationBase):
             params (dict[str, str|Iterable[str]]): Query parameters to include in the
                 request.
         Return:
-            Deferred: resolves to a tuple of (origin (str), event (object))
-            where origin is the remote homeserver which generated the event.
+            Deferred[tuple[str, FrozenEvent, int]]: resolves to a tuple of
+            `(origin, event, event_format)` where origin is the remote
+            homeserver which generated the event, and event_format is one of
+            `synapse.api.constants.EventFormatVersions`.
 
             Fails with a ``SynapseError`` if the chosen remote server
             returns a 300/400 code.
@@ -557,6 +589,11 @@ class FederationClient(FederationBase):
                 destination, room_id, user_id, membership, params,
             )
 
+            # Note: If not supplied, the room version may be either v1 or v2,
+            # however either way the event format version will be v1.
+            room_version = ret.get("room_version", RoomVersions.V1)
+            event_format = room_version_to_event_format(room_version)
+
             pdu_dict = ret.get("event", None)
             if not isinstance(pdu_dict, dict):
                 raise InvalidResponseError("Bad 'event' field in response")
@@ -571,17 +608,20 @@ class FederationClient(FederationBase):
             if "prev_state" not in pdu_dict:
                 pdu_dict["prev_state"] = []
 
-            ev = builder.EventBuilder(pdu_dict)
+            ev = builder.create_local_event_from_event_dict(
+                self._clock, self.hostname, self.signing_key,
+                format_version=event_format, event_dict=pdu_dict,
+            )
 
             defer.returnValue(
-                (destination, ev)
+                (destination, ev, event_format)
             )
 
         return self._try_destination_list(
             "make_" + membership, destinations, send_request,
         )
 
-    def send_join(self, destinations, pdu):
+    def send_join(self, destinations, pdu, event_format_version):
         """Sends a join event to one of a list of homeservers.
 
         Doing so will cause the remote server to add the event to the graph,
@@ -591,6 +631,7 @@ class FederationClient(FederationBase):
             destinations (str): Candidate homeservers which are probably
                 participating in the room.
             pdu (BaseEvent): event to be sent
+            event_format_version (int): The event format version
 
         Return:
             Deferred: resolves to a dict with members ``origin`` (a string
@@ -636,12 +677,12 @@ class FederationClient(FederationBase):
             logger.debug("Got content: %s", content)
 
             state = [
-                event_from_pdu_json(p, outlier=True)
+                event_from_pdu_json(p, event_format_version, outlier=True)
                 for p in content.get("state", [])
             ]
 
             auth_chain = [
-                event_from_pdu_json(p, outlier=True)
+                event_from_pdu_json(p, event_format_version, outlier=True)
                 for p in content.get("auth_chain", [])
             ]
 
@@ -650,9 +691,21 @@ class FederationClient(FederationBase):
                 for p in itertools.chain(state, auth_chain)
             }
 
+            room_version = None
+            for e in state:
+                if (e.type, e.state_key) == (EventTypes.Create, ""):
+                    room_version = e.content.get("room_version", RoomVersions.V1)
+                    break
+
+            if room_version is None:
+                # If the state doesn't have a create event then the room is
+                # invalid, and it would fail auth checks anyway.
+                raise SynapseError(400, "No create event in state")
+
             valid_pdus = yield self._check_sigs_and_hash_and_fetch(
                 destination, list(pdus.values()),
                 outlier=True,
+                room_version=room_version,
             )
 
             valid_pdus_map = {
@@ -690,32 +743,75 @@ class FederationClient(FederationBase):
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def send_invite(self, destination, room_id, event_id, pdu):
-        time_now = self._clock.time_msec()
-        try:
-            code, content = yield self.transport_layer.send_invite(
-                destination=destination,
-                room_id=room_id,
-                event_id=event_id,
-                content=pdu.get_pdu_json(time_now),
-            )
-        except HttpResponseException as e:
-            if e.code == 403:
-                raise e.to_synapse_error()
-            raise
+        room_version = yield self.store.get_room_version(room_id)
+
+        content = yield self._do_send_invite(destination, pdu, room_version)
 
         pdu_dict = content["event"]
 
         logger.debug("Got response to send_invite: %s", pdu_dict)
 
-        pdu = event_from_pdu_json(pdu_dict)
+        room_version = yield self.store.get_room_version(room_id)
+        format_ver = room_version_to_event_format(room_version)
+
+        pdu = event_from_pdu_json(pdu_dict, format_ver)
 
         # Check signatures are correct.
-        pdu = yield self._check_sigs_and_hash(pdu)
+        pdu = yield self._check_sigs_and_hash(room_version, pdu)
 
         # FIXME: We should handle signature failures more gracefully.
 
         defer.returnValue(pdu)
 
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def _do_send_invite(self, destination, pdu, room_version):
+        """Actually sends the invite, first trying v2 API and falling back to
+        v1 API if necessary.
+
+        Args:
+            destination (str): Target server
+            pdu (FrozenEvent)
+            room_version (str)
+
+        Returns:
+            dict: The event as a dict as returned by the remote server
+        """
+        time_now = self._clock.time_msec()
+
+        try:
+            content = yield self.transport_layer.send_invite_v2(
+                destination=destination,
+                room_id=pdu.room_id,
+                event_id=pdu.event_id,
+                content={
+                    "event": pdu.get_pdu_json(time_now),
+                    "room_version": room_version,
+                    "invite_room_state": pdu.unsigned.get("invite_room_state", []),
+                },
+            )
+            defer.returnValue(content)
+        except HttpResponseException as e:
+            if e.code in [400, 404]:
+                if room_version in (RoomVersions.V1, RoomVersions.V2):
+                    pass  # We'll fall through
+                else:
+                    raise Exception("Remote server is too old")
+            elif e.code == 403:
+                raise e.to_synapse_error()
+            else:
+                raise
+
+        # Didn't work, try v1 API.
+        # Note the v1 API returns a tuple of `(200, content)`
+
+        _, content = yield self.transport_layer.send_invite_v1(
+            destination=destination,
+            room_id=pdu.room_id,
+            event_id=pdu.event_id,
+            content=pdu.get_pdu_json(time_now),
+        )
+        defer.returnValue(content)
+
     def send_leave(self, destinations, pdu):
         """Sends a leave event to one of a list of homeservers.
 
@@ -785,13 +881,16 @@ class FederationClient(FederationBase):
             content=send_content,
         )
 
+        room_version = yield self.store.get_room_version(room_id)
+        format_ver = room_version_to_event_format(room_version)
+
         auth_chain = [
-            event_from_pdu_json(e)
+            event_from_pdu_json(e, format_ver)
             for e in content["auth_chain"]
         ]
 
         signed_auth = yield self._check_sigs_and_hash_and_fetch(
-            destination, auth_chain, outlier=True
+            destination, auth_chain, outlier=True, room_version=room_version,
         )
 
         signed_auth.sort(key=lambda e: e.depth)
@@ -833,13 +932,16 @@ class FederationClient(FederationBase):
                 timeout=timeout,
             )
 
+            room_version = yield self.store.get_room_version(room_id)
+            format_ver = room_version_to_event_format(room_version)
+
             events = [
-                event_from_pdu_json(e)
+                event_from_pdu_json(e, format_ver)
                 for e in content.get("events", [])
             ]
 
             signed_events = yield self._check_sigs_and_hash_and_fetch(
-                destination, events, outlier=False
+                destination, events, outlier=False, room_version=room_version,
             )
         except HttpResponseException as e:
             if not e.code == 400:
diff --git a/synapse/federation/federation_server.py b/synapse/federation/federation_server.py
index 98722ae543..3da86d4ba6 100644
--- a/synapse/federation/federation_server.py
+++ b/synapse/federation/federation_server.py
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ from twisted.internet import defer
 from twisted.internet.abstract import isIPAddress
 from twisted.python import failure
 
-from synapse.api.constants import EventTypes
+from synapse.api.constants import EventTypes, Membership
 from synapse.api.errors import (
     AuthError,
     FederationError,
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ from synapse.api.errors import (
     SynapseError,
 )
 from synapse.crypto.event_signing import compute_event_signature
+from synapse.events import room_version_to_event_format
 from synapse.federation.federation_base import FederationBase, event_from_pdu_json
 from synapse.federation.persistence import TransactionActions
 from synapse.federation.units import Edu, Transaction
@@ -147,6 +148,22 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
 
         logger.debug("[%s] Transaction is new", transaction.transaction_id)
 
+        # Reject if PDU count > 50 and EDU count > 100
+        if (len(transaction.pdus) > 50
+                or (hasattr(transaction, "edus") and len(transaction.edus) > 100)):
+
+            logger.info(
+                "Transaction PDU or EDU count too large. Returning 400",
+            )
+
+            response = {}
+            yield self.transaction_actions.set_response(
+                origin,
+                transaction,
+                400, response
+            )
+            defer.returnValue((400, response))
+
         received_pdus_counter.inc(len(transaction.pdus))
 
         origin_host, _ = parse_server_name(origin)
@@ -178,14 +195,13 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
                 continue
 
             try:
-                # In future we will actually use the room version to parse the
-                # PDU into an event.
-                yield self.store.get_room_version(room_id)
+                room_version = yield self.store.get_room_version(room_id)
+                format_ver = room_version_to_event_format(room_version)
             except NotFoundError:
                 logger.info("Ignoring PDU for unknown room_id: %s", room_id)
                 continue
 
-            event = event_from_pdu_json(p)
+            event = event_from_pdu_json(p, format_ver)
             pdus_by_room.setdefault(room_id, []).append(event)
 
         pdu_results = {}
@@ -322,7 +338,7 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
             if self.hs.is_mine_id(event.event_id):
                 event.signatures.update(
                     compute_event_signature(
-                        event,
+                        event.get_pdu_json(),
                         self.hs.hostname,
                         self.hs.config.signing_key[0]
                     )
@@ -369,18 +385,23 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
         })
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def on_invite_request(self, origin, content):
-        pdu = event_from_pdu_json(content)
+    def on_invite_request(self, origin, content, room_version):
+        format_ver = room_version_to_event_format(room_version)
+
+        pdu = event_from_pdu_json(content, format_ver)
         origin_host, _ = parse_server_name(origin)
         yield self.check_server_matches_acl(origin_host, pdu.room_id)
         ret_pdu = yield self.handler.on_invite_request(origin, pdu)
         time_now = self._clock.time_msec()
-        defer.returnValue((200, {"event": ret_pdu.get_pdu_json(time_now)}))
+        defer.returnValue({"event": ret_pdu.get_pdu_json(time_now)})
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def on_send_join_request(self, origin, content):
+    def on_send_join_request(self, origin, content, room_id):
         logger.debug("on_send_join_request: content: %s", content)
-        pdu = event_from_pdu_json(content)
+
+        room_version = yield self.store.get_room_version(room_id)
+        format_ver = room_version_to_event_format(room_version)
+        pdu = event_from_pdu_json(content, format_ver)
 
         origin_host, _ = parse_server_name(origin)
         yield self.check_server_matches_acl(origin_host, pdu.room_id)
@@ -400,13 +421,22 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
         origin_host, _ = parse_server_name(origin)
         yield self.check_server_matches_acl(origin_host, room_id)
         pdu = yield self.handler.on_make_leave_request(room_id, user_id)
+
+        room_version = yield self.store.get_room_version(room_id)
+
         time_now = self._clock.time_msec()
-        defer.returnValue({"event": pdu.get_pdu_json(time_now)})
+        defer.returnValue({
+            "event": pdu.get_pdu_json(time_now),
+            "room_version": room_version,
+        })
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def on_send_leave_request(self, origin, content):
+    def on_send_leave_request(self, origin, content, room_id):
         logger.debug("on_send_leave_request: content: %s", content)
-        pdu = event_from_pdu_json(content)
+
+        room_version = yield self.store.get_room_version(room_id)
+        format_ver = room_version_to_event_format(room_version)
+        pdu = event_from_pdu_json(content, format_ver)
 
         origin_host, _ = parse_server_name(origin)
         yield self.check_server_matches_acl(origin_host, pdu.room_id)
@@ -452,13 +482,16 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
             origin_host, _ = parse_server_name(origin)
             yield self.check_server_matches_acl(origin_host, room_id)
 
+            room_version = yield self.store.get_room_version(room_id)
+            format_ver = room_version_to_event_format(room_version)
+
             auth_chain = [
-                event_from_pdu_json(e)
+                event_from_pdu_json(e, format_ver)
                 for e in content["auth_chain"]
             ]
 
             signed_auth = yield self._check_sigs_and_hash_and_fetch(
-                origin, auth_chain, outlier=True
+                origin, auth_chain, outlier=True, room_version=room_version,
             )
 
             ret = yield self.handler.on_query_auth(
@@ -603,16 +636,19 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
         """
         # check that it's actually being sent from a valid destination to
         # workaround bug #1753 in 0.18.5 and 0.18.6
-        if origin != get_domain_from_id(pdu.event_id):
+        if origin != get_domain_from_id(pdu.sender):
             # We continue to accept join events from any server; this is
             # necessary for the federation join dance to work correctly.
             # (When we join over federation, the "helper" server is
             # responsible for sending out the join event, rather than the
-            # origin. See bug #1893).
+            # origin. See bug #1893. This is also true for some third party
+            # invites).
             if not (
                 pdu.type == 'm.room.member' and
                 pdu.content and
-                pdu.content.get("membership", None) == 'join'
+                pdu.content.get("membership", None) in (
+                    Membership.JOIN, Membership.INVITE,
+                )
             ):
                 logger.info(
                     "Discarding PDU %s from invalid origin %s",
@@ -625,9 +661,12 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
                     pdu.event_id, origin
                 )
 
+        # We've already checked that we know the room version by this point
+        room_version = yield self.store.get_room_version(pdu.room_id)
+
         # Check signature.
         try:
-            pdu = yield self._check_sigs_and_hash(pdu)
+            pdu = yield self._check_sigs_and_hash(room_version, pdu)
         except SynapseError as e:
             raise FederationError(
                 "ERROR",
diff --git a/synapse/federation/transaction_queue.py b/synapse/federation/transaction_queue.py
index 099ace28c1..30941f5ad6 100644
--- a/synapse/federation/transaction_queue.py
+++ b/synapse/federation/transaction_queue.py
@@ -22,14 +22,17 @@ from prometheus_client import Counter
 from twisted.internet import defer
 
 import synapse.metrics
-from synapse.api.errors import FederationDeniedError, HttpResponseException
+from synapse.api.errors import (
+    FederationDeniedError,
+    HttpResponseException,
+    RequestSendFailed,
+)
 from synapse.handlers.presence import format_user_presence_state, get_interested_remotes
 from synapse.metrics import (
     LaterGauge,
     event_processing_loop_counter,
     event_processing_loop_room_count,
     events_processed_counter,
-    sent_edus_counter,
     sent_transactions_counter,
 )
 from synapse.metrics.background_process_metrics import run_as_background_process
@@ -43,10 +46,24 @@ from .units import Edu, Transaction
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 sent_pdus_destination_dist_count = Counter(
-    "synapse_federation_client_sent_pdu_destinations:count", ""
+    "synapse_federation_client_sent_pdu_destinations:count",
+    "Number of PDUs queued for sending to one or more destinations",
 )
+
 sent_pdus_destination_dist_total = Counter(
     "synapse_federation_client_sent_pdu_destinations:total", ""
+    "Total number of PDUs queued for sending across all destinations",
+)
+
+sent_edus_counter = Counter(
+    "synapse_federation_client_sent_edus",
+    "Total number of EDUs successfully sent",
+)
+
+sent_edus_by_type = Counter(
+    "synapse_federation_client_sent_edus_by_type",
+    "Number of sent EDUs successfully sent, by event type",
+    ["type"],
 )
 
 
@@ -171,7 +188,7 @@ class TransactionQueue(object):
                 def handle_event(event):
                     # Only send events for this server.
                     send_on_behalf_of = event.internal_metadata.get_send_on_behalf_of()
-                    is_mine = self.is_mine_id(event.event_id)
+                    is_mine = self.is_mine_id(event.sender)
                     if not is_mine and send_on_behalf_of is None:
                         return
 
@@ -356,8 +373,6 @@ class TransactionQueue(object):
             logger.info("Not sending EDU to ourselves")
             return
 
-        sent_edus_counter.inc()
-
         if key:
             self.pending_edus_keyed_by_dest.setdefault(
                 destination, {}
@@ -492,6 +507,9 @@ class TransactionQueue(object):
                 )
                 if success:
                     sent_transactions_counter.inc()
+                    sent_edus_counter.inc(len(pending_edus))
+                    for edu in pending_edus:
+                        sent_edus_by_type.labels(edu.edu_type).inc()
                     # Remove the acknowledged device messages from the database
                     # Only bother if we actually sent some device messages
                     if device_message_edus:
@@ -518,11 +536,21 @@ class TransactionQueue(object):
             )
         except FederationDeniedError as e:
             logger.info(e)
-        except Exception as e:
-            logger.warn(
-                "TX [%s] Failed to send transaction: %s",
+        except HttpResponseException as e:
+            logger.warning(
+                "TX [%s] Received %d response to transaction: %s",
+                destination, e.code, e,
+            )
+        except RequestSendFailed as e:
+            logger.warning("TX [%s] Failed to send transaction: %s", destination, e)
+
+            for p, _ in pending_pdus:
+                logger.info("Failed to send event %s to %s", p.event_id,
+                            destination)
+        except Exception:
+            logger.exception(
+                "TX [%s] Failed to send transaction",
                 destination,
-                e,
             )
             for p, _ in pending_pdus:
                 logger.info("Failed to send event %s to %s", p.event_id,
diff --git a/synapse/federation/transport/client.py b/synapse/federation/transport/client.py
index edba5a9808..8e2be218e2 100644
--- a/synapse/federation/transport/client.py
+++ b/synapse/federation/transport/client.py
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ from six.moves import urllib
 from twisted.internet import defer
 
 from synapse.api.constants import Membership
-from synapse.api.urls import FEDERATION_PREFIX as PREFIX
+from synapse.api.urls import FEDERATION_V1_PREFIX, FEDERATION_V2_PREFIX
 from synapse.util.logutils import log_function
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ class TransportLayerClient(object):
         logger.debug("get_room_state dest=%s, room=%s",
                      destination, room_id)
 
-        path = _create_path(PREFIX, "/state/%s/", room_id)
+        path = _create_v1_path("/state/%s/", room_id)
         return self.client.get_json(
             destination, path=path, args={"event_id": event_id},
         )
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ class TransportLayerClient(object):
         logger.debug("get_room_state_ids dest=%s, room=%s",
                      destination, room_id)
 
-        path = _create_path(PREFIX, "/state_ids/%s/", room_id)
+        path = _create_v1_path("/state_ids/%s/", room_id)
         return self.client.get_json(
             destination, path=path, args={"event_id": event_id},
         )
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ class TransportLayerClient(object):
         logger.debug("get_pdu dest=%s, event_id=%s",
                      destination, event_id)
 
-        path = _create_path(PREFIX, "/event/%s/", event_id)
+        path = _create_v1_path("/event/%s/", event_id)
         return self.client.get_json(destination, path=path, timeout=timeout)
 
     @log_function
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ class TransportLayerClient(object):
             # TODO: raise?
             return
 
-        path = _create_path(PREFIX, "/backfill/%s/", room_id)
+        path = _create_v1_path("/backfill/%s/", room_id)
 
         args = {
             "v": event_tuples,
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ class TransportLayerClient(object):
         # generated by the json_data_callback.
         json_data = transaction.get_dict()
 
-        path = _create_path(PREFIX, "/send/%s/", transaction.transaction_id)
+        path = _create_v1_path("/send/%s/", transaction.transaction_id)
 
         response = yield self.client.put_json(
             transaction.destination,
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ class TransportLayerClient(object):
     @log_function
     def make_query(self, destination, query_type, args, retry_on_dns_fail,
                    ignore_backoff=False):
-        path = _create_path(PREFIX, "/query/%s", query_type)
+        path = _create_v1_path("/query/%s", query_type)
 
         content = yield self.client.get_json(
             destination=destination,
@@ -231,7 +231,7 @@ class TransportLayerClient(object):
                 "make_membership_event called with membership='%s', must be one of %s" %
                 (membership, ",".join(valid_memberships))
             )
-        path = _create_path(PREFIX, "/make_%s/%s/%s", membership, room_id, user_id)
+        path = _create_v1_path("/make_%s/%s/%s", membership, room_id, user_id)
 
         ignore_backoff = False
         retry_on_dns_fail = False
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ class TransportLayerClient(object):
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     @log_function
     def send_join(self, destination, room_id, event_id, content):
-        path = _create_path(PREFIX, "/send_join/%s/%s", room_id, event_id)
+        path = _create_v1_path("/send_join/%s/%s", room_id, event_id)
 
         response = yield self.client.put_json(
             destination=destination,
@@ -271,7 +271,7 @@ class TransportLayerClient(object):
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     @log_function
     def send_leave(self, destination, room_id, event_id, content):
-        path = _create_path(PREFIX, "/send_leave/%s/%s", room_id, event_id)
+        path = _create_v1_path("/send_leave/%s/%s", room_id, event_id)
 
         response = yield self.client.put_json(
             destination=destination,
@@ -289,8 +289,22 @@ class TransportLayerClient(object):
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     @log_function
-    def send_invite(self, destination, room_id, event_id, content):
-        path = _create_path(PREFIX, "/invite/%s/%s", room_id, event_id)
+    def send_invite_v1(self, destination, room_id, event_id, content):
+        path = _create_v1_path("/invite/%s/%s", room_id, event_id)
+
+        response = yield self.client.put_json(
+            destination=destination,
+            path=path,
+            data=content,
+            ignore_backoff=True,
+        )
+
+        defer.returnValue(response)
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    @log_function
+    def send_invite_v2(self, destination, room_id, event_id, content):
+        path = _create_v2_path("/invite/%s/%s", room_id, event_id)
 
         response = yield self.client.put_json(
             destination=destination,
@@ -306,7 +320,7 @@ class TransportLayerClient(object):
     def get_public_rooms(self, remote_server, limit, since_token,
                          search_filter=None, include_all_networks=False,
                          third_party_instance_id=None):
-        path = PREFIX + "/publicRooms"
+        path = _create_v1_path("/publicRooms")
 
         args = {
             "include_all_networks": "true" if include_all_networks else "false",
@@ -332,7 +346,7 @@ class TransportLayerClient(object):
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     @log_function
     def exchange_third_party_invite(self, destination, room_id, event_dict):
-        path = _create_path(PREFIX, "/exchange_third_party_invite/%s", room_id,)
+        path = _create_v1_path("/exchange_third_party_invite/%s", room_id,)
 
         response = yield self.client.put_json(
             destination=destination,
@@ -345,7 +359,7 @@ class TransportLayerClient(object):
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     @log_function
     def get_event_auth(self, destination, room_id, event_id):
-        path = _create_path(PREFIX, "/event_auth/%s/%s", room_id, event_id)
+        path = _create_v1_path("/event_auth/%s/%s", room_id, event_id)
 
         content = yield self.client.get_json(
             destination=destination,
@@ -357,7 +371,7 @@ class TransportLayerClient(object):
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     @log_function
     def send_query_auth(self, destination, room_id, event_id, content):
-        path = _create_path(PREFIX, "/query_auth/%s/%s", room_id, event_id)
+        path = _create_v1_path("/query_auth/%s/%s", room_id, event_id)
 
         content = yield self.client.post_json(
             destination=destination,
@@ -392,7 +406,7 @@ class TransportLayerClient(object):
         Returns:
             A dict containg the device keys.
         """
-        path = PREFIX + "/user/keys/query"
+        path = _create_v1_path("/user/keys/query")
 
         content = yield self.client.post_json(
             destination=destination,
@@ -419,7 +433,7 @@ class TransportLayerClient(object):
         Returns:
             A dict containg the device keys.
         """
-        path = _create_path(PREFIX, "/user/devices/%s", user_id)
+        path = _create_v1_path("/user/devices/%s", user_id)
 
         content = yield self.client.get_json(
             destination=destination,
@@ -455,7 +469,7 @@ class TransportLayerClient(object):
             A dict containg the one-time keys.
         """
 
-        path = PREFIX + "/user/keys/claim"
+        path = _create_v1_path("/user/keys/claim")
 
         content = yield self.client.post_json(
             destination=destination,
@@ -469,7 +483,7 @@ class TransportLayerClient(object):
     @log_function
     def get_missing_events(self, destination, room_id, earliest_events,
                            latest_events, limit, min_depth, timeout):
-        path = _create_path(PREFIX, "/get_missing_events/%s", room_id,)
+        path = _create_v1_path("/get_missing_events/%s", room_id,)
 
         content = yield self.client.post_json(
             destination=destination,
@@ -489,7 +503,7 @@ class TransportLayerClient(object):
     def get_group_profile(self, destination, group_id, requester_user_id):
         """Get a group profile
         """
-        path = _create_path(PREFIX, "/groups/%s/profile", group_id,)
+        path = _create_v1_path("/groups/%s/profile", group_id,)
 
         return self.client.get_json(
             destination=destination,
@@ -508,7 +522,7 @@ class TransportLayerClient(object):
             requester_user_id (str)
             content (dict): The new profile of the group
         """
-        path = _create_path(PREFIX, "/groups/%s/profile", group_id,)
+        path = _create_v1_path("/groups/%s/profile", group_id,)
 
         return self.client.post_json(
             destination=destination,
@@ -522,7 +536,7 @@ class TransportLayerClient(object):
     def get_group_summary(self, destination, group_id, requester_user_id):
         """Get a group summary
         """
-        path = _create_path(PREFIX, "/groups/%s/summary", group_id,)
+        path = _create_v1_path("/groups/%s/summary", group_id,)
 
         return self.client.get_json(
             destination=destination,
@@ -535,7 +549,7 @@ class TransportLayerClient(object):
     def get_rooms_in_group(self, destination, group_id, requester_user_id):
         """Get all rooms in a group
         """
-        path = _create_path(PREFIX, "/groups/%s/rooms", group_id,)
+        path = _create_v1_path("/groups/%s/rooms", group_id,)
 
         return self.client.get_json(
             destination=destination,
@@ -548,7 +562,7 @@ class TransportLayerClient(object):
                           content):
         """Add a room to a group
         """
-        path = _create_path(PREFIX, "/groups/%s/room/%s", group_id, room_id,)
+        path = _create_v1_path("/groups/%s/room/%s", group_id, room_id,)
 
         return self.client.post_json(
             destination=destination,
@@ -562,8 +576,8 @@ class TransportLayerClient(object):
                              config_key, content):
         """Update room in group
         """
-        path = _create_path(
-            PREFIX, "/groups/%s/room/%s/config/%s",
+        path = _create_v1_path(
+            "/groups/%s/room/%s/config/%s",
             group_id, room_id, config_key,
         )
 
@@ -578,7 +592,7 @@ class TransportLayerClient(object):
     def remove_room_from_group(self, destination, group_id, requester_user_id, room_id):
         """Remove a room from a group
         """
-        path = _create_path(PREFIX, "/groups/%s/room/%s", group_id, room_id,)
+        path = _create_v1_path("/groups/%s/room/%s", group_id, room_id,)
 
         return self.client.delete_json(
             destination=destination,
@@ -591,7 +605,7 @@ class TransportLayerClient(object):
     def get_users_in_group(self, destination, group_id, requester_user_id):
         """Get users in a group
         """
-        path = _create_path(PREFIX, "/groups/%s/users", group_id,)
+        path = _create_v1_path("/groups/%s/users", group_id,)
 
         return self.client.get_json(
             destination=destination,
@@ -604,7 +618,7 @@ class TransportLayerClient(object):
     def get_invited_users_in_group(self, destination, group_id, requester_user_id):
         """Get users that have been invited to a group
         """
-        path = _create_path(PREFIX, "/groups/%s/invited_users", group_id,)
+        path = _create_v1_path("/groups/%s/invited_users", group_id,)
 
         return self.client.get_json(
             destination=destination,
@@ -617,8 +631,8 @@ class TransportLayerClient(object):
     def accept_group_invite(self, destination, group_id, user_id, content):
         """Accept a group invite
         """
-        path = _create_path(
-            PREFIX, "/groups/%s/users/%s/accept_invite",
+        path = _create_v1_path(
+            "/groups/%s/users/%s/accept_invite",
             group_id, user_id,
         )
 
@@ -633,7 +647,7 @@ class TransportLayerClient(object):
     def join_group(self, destination, group_id, user_id, content):
         """Attempts to join a group
         """
-        path = _create_path(PREFIX, "/groups/%s/users/%s/join", group_id, user_id)
+        path = _create_v1_path("/groups/%s/users/%s/join", group_id, user_id)
 
         return self.client.post_json(
             destination=destination,
@@ -646,7 +660,7 @@ class TransportLayerClient(object):
     def invite_to_group(self, destination, group_id, user_id, requester_user_id, content):
         """Invite a user to a group
         """
-        path = _create_path(PREFIX, "/groups/%s/users/%s/invite", group_id, user_id)
+        path = _create_v1_path("/groups/%s/users/%s/invite", group_id, user_id)
 
         return self.client.post_json(
             destination=destination,
@@ -662,7 +676,7 @@ class TransportLayerClient(object):
         invited.
         """
 
-        path = _create_path(PREFIX, "/groups/local/%s/users/%s/invite", group_id, user_id)
+        path = _create_v1_path("/groups/local/%s/users/%s/invite", group_id, user_id)
 
         return self.client.post_json(
             destination=destination,
@@ -676,7 +690,7 @@ class TransportLayerClient(object):
                                user_id, content):
         """Remove a user fron a group
         """
-        path = _create_path(PREFIX, "/groups/%s/users/%s/remove", group_id, user_id)
+        path = _create_v1_path("/groups/%s/users/%s/remove", group_id, user_id)
 
         return self.client.post_json(
             destination=destination,
@@ -693,7 +707,7 @@ class TransportLayerClient(object):
         kicked from the group.
         """
 
-        path = _create_path(PREFIX, "/groups/local/%s/users/%s/remove", group_id, user_id)
+        path = _create_v1_path("/groups/local/%s/users/%s/remove", group_id, user_id)
 
         return self.client.post_json(
             destination=destination,
@@ -708,7 +722,7 @@ class TransportLayerClient(object):
         the attestations
         """
 
-        path = _create_path(PREFIX, "/groups/%s/renew_attestation/%s", group_id, user_id)
+        path = _create_v1_path("/groups/%s/renew_attestation/%s", group_id, user_id)
 
         return self.client.post_json(
             destination=destination,
@@ -723,12 +737,12 @@ class TransportLayerClient(object):
         """Update a room entry in a group summary
         """
         if category_id:
-            path = _create_path(
-                PREFIX, "/groups/%s/summary/categories/%s/rooms/%s",
+            path = _create_v1_path(
+                "/groups/%s/summary/categories/%s/rooms/%s",
                 group_id, category_id, room_id,
             )
         else:
-            path = _create_path(PREFIX, "/groups/%s/summary/rooms/%s", group_id, room_id,)
+            path = _create_v1_path("/groups/%s/summary/rooms/%s", group_id, room_id,)
 
         return self.client.post_json(
             destination=destination,
@@ -744,12 +758,12 @@ class TransportLayerClient(object):
         """Delete a room entry in a group summary
         """
         if category_id:
-            path = _create_path(
-                PREFIX + "/groups/%s/summary/categories/%s/rooms/%s",
+            path = _create_v1_path(
+                "/groups/%s/summary/categories/%s/rooms/%s",
                 group_id, category_id, room_id,
             )
         else:
-            path = _create_path(PREFIX, "/groups/%s/summary/rooms/%s", group_id, room_id,)
+            path = _create_v1_path("/groups/%s/summary/rooms/%s", group_id, room_id,)
 
         return self.client.delete_json(
             destination=destination,
@@ -762,7 +776,7 @@ class TransportLayerClient(object):
     def get_group_categories(self, destination, group_id, requester_user_id):
         """Get all categories in a group
         """
-        path = _create_path(PREFIX, "/groups/%s/categories", group_id,)
+        path = _create_v1_path("/groups/%s/categories", group_id,)
 
         return self.client.get_json(
             destination=destination,
@@ -775,7 +789,7 @@ class TransportLayerClient(object):
     def get_group_category(self, destination, group_id, requester_user_id, category_id):
         """Get category info in a group
         """
-        path = _create_path(PREFIX, "/groups/%s/categories/%s", group_id, category_id,)
+        path = _create_v1_path("/groups/%s/categories/%s", group_id, category_id,)
 
         return self.client.get_json(
             destination=destination,
@@ -789,7 +803,7 @@ class TransportLayerClient(object):
                               content):
         """Update a category in a group
         """
-        path = _create_path(PREFIX, "/groups/%s/categories/%s", group_id, category_id,)
+        path = _create_v1_path("/groups/%s/categories/%s", group_id, category_id,)
 
         return self.client.post_json(
             destination=destination,
@@ -804,7 +818,7 @@ class TransportLayerClient(object):
                               category_id):
         """Delete a category in a group
         """
-        path = _create_path(PREFIX, "/groups/%s/categories/%s", group_id, category_id,)
+        path = _create_v1_path("/groups/%s/categories/%s", group_id, category_id,)
 
         return self.client.delete_json(
             destination=destination,
@@ -817,7 +831,7 @@ class TransportLayerClient(object):
     def get_group_roles(self, destination, group_id, requester_user_id):
         """Get all roles in a group
         """
-        path = _create_path(PREFIX, "/groups/%s/roles", group_id,)
+        path = _create_v1_path("/groups/%s/roles", group_id,)
 
         return self.client.get_json(
             destination=destination,
@@ -830,7 +844,7 @@ class TransportLayerClient(object):
     def get_group_role(self, destination, group_id, requester_user_id, role_id):
         """Get a roles info
         """
-        path = _create_path(PREFIX, "/groups/%s/roles/%s", group_id, role_id,)
+        path = _create_v1_path("/groups/%s/roles/%s", group_id, role_id,)
 
         return self.client.get_json(
             destination=destination,
@@ -844,7 +858,7 @@ class TransportLayerClient(object):
                           content):
         """Update a role in a group
         """
-        path = _create_path(PREFIX, "/groups/%s/roles/%s", group_id, role_id,)
+        path = _create_v1_path("/groups/%s/roles/%s", group_id, role_id,)
 
         return self.client.post_json(
             destination=destination,
@@ -858,7 +872,7 @@ class TransportLayerClient(object):
     def delete_group_role(self, destination, group_id, requester_user_id, role_id):
         """Delete a role in a group
         """
-        path = _create_path(PREFIX, "/groups/%s/roles/%s", group_id, role_id,)
+        path = _create_v1_path("/groups/%s/roles/%s", group_id, role_id,)
 
         return self.client.delete_json(
             destination=destination,
@@ -873,12 +887,12 @@ class TransportLayerClient(object):
         """Update a users entry in a group
         """
         if role_id:
-            path = _create_path(
-                PREFIX, "/groups/%s/summary/roles/%s/users/%s",
+            path = _create_v1_path(
+                "/groups/%s/summary/roles/%s/users/%s",
                 group_id, role_id, user_id,
             )
         else:
-            path = _create_path(PREFIX, "/groups/%s/summary/users/%s", group_id, user_id,)
+            path = _create_v1_path("/groups/%s/summary/users/%s", group_id, user_id,)
 
         return self.client.post_json(
             destination=destination,
@@ -893,7 +907,7 @@ class TransportLayerClient(object):
                               content):
         """Sets the join policy for a group
         """
-        path = _create_path(PREFIX, "/groups/%s/settings/m.join_policy", group_id,)
+        path = _create_v1_path("/groups/%s/settings/m.join_policy", group_id,)
 
         return self.client.put_json(
             destination=destination,
@@ -909,12 +923,12 @@ class TransportLayerClient(object):
         """Delete a users entry in a group
         """
         if role_id:
-            path = _create_path(
-                PREFIX, "/groups/%s/summary/roles/%s/users/%s",
+            path = _create_v1_path(
+                "/groups/%s/summary/roles/%s/users/%s",
                 group_id, role_id, user_id,
             )
         else:
-            path = _create_path(PREFIX, "/groups/%s/summary/users/%s", group_id, user_id,)
+            path = _create_v1_path("/groups/%s/summary/users/%s", group_id, user_id,)
 
         return self.client.delete_json(
             destination=destination,
@@ -927,7 +941,7 @@ class TransportLayerClient(object):
         """Get the groups a list of users are publicising
         """
 
-        path = PREFIX + "/get_groups_publicised"
+        path = _create_v1_path("/get_groups_publicised")
 
         content = {"user_ids": user_ids}
 
@@ -939,20 +953,43 @@ class TransportLayerClient(object):
         )
 
 
-def _create_path(prefix, path, *args):
-    """Creates a path from the prefix, path template and args. Ensures that
-    all args are url encoded.
+def _create_v1_path(path, *args):
+    """Creates a path against V1 federation API from the path template and
+    args. Ensures that all args are url encoded.
+
+    Example:
+
+        _create_v1_path("/event/%s/", event_id)
+
+    Args:
+        path (str): String template for the path
+        args: ([str]): Args to insert into path. Each arg will be url encoded
+
+    Returns:
+        str
+    """
+    return (
+        FEDERATION_V1_PREFIX
+        + path % tuple(urllib.parse.quote(arg, "") for arg in args)
+    )
+
+
+def _create_v2_path(path, *args):
+    """Creates a path against V2 federation API from the path template and
+    args. Ensures that all args are url encoded.
 
     Example:
 
-        _create_path(PREFIX, "/event/%s/", event_id)
+        _create_v2_path("/event/%s/", event_id)
 
     Args:
-        prefix (str)
         path (str): String template for the path
         args: ([str]): Args to insert into path. Each arg will be url encoded
 
     Returns:
         str
     """
-    return prefix + path % tuple(urllib.parse.quote(arg, "") for arg in args)
+    return (
+        FEDERATION_V2_PREFIX
+        + path % tuple(urllib.parse.quote(arg, "") for arg in args)
+    )
diff --git a/synapse/federation/transport/server.py b/synapse/federation/transport/server.py
index 3553f418f1..a2396ab466 100644
--- a/synapse/federation/transport/server.py
+++ b/synapse/federation/transport/server.py
@@ -21,8 +21,9 @@ import re
 from twisted.internet import defer
 
 import synapse
+from synapse.api.constants import RoomVersions
 from synapse.api.errors import Codes, FederationDeniedError, SynapseError
-from synapse.api.urls import FEDERATION_PREFIX as PREFIX
+from synapse.api.urls import FEDERATION_V1_PREFIX, FEDERATION_V2_PREFIX
 from synapse.http.endpoint import parse_and_validate_server_name
 from synapse.http.server import JsonResource
 from synapse.http.servlet import (
@@ -42,9 +43,20 @@ logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 class TransportLayerServer(JsonResource):
     """Handles incoming federation HTTP requests"""
 
-    def __init__(self, hs):
+    def __init__(self, hs, servlet_groups=None):
+        """Initialize the TransportLayerServer
+
+        Will by default register all servlets. For custom behaviour, pass in
+        a list of servlet_groups to register.
+
+        Args:
+            hs (synapse.server.HomeServer): homeserver
+            servlet_groups (list[str], optional): List of servlet groups to register.
+                Defaults to ``DEFAULT_SERVLET_GROUPS``.
+        """
         self.hs = hs
         self.clock = hs.get_clock()
+        self.servlet_groups = servlet_groups
 
         super(TransportLayerServer, self).__init__(hs, canonical_json=False)
 
@@ -66,6 +78,7 @@ class TransportLayerServer(JsonResource):
             resource=self,
             ratelimiter=self.ratelimiter,
             authenticator=self.authenticator,
+            servlet_groups=self.servlet_groups,
         )
 
 
@@ -227,6 +240,8 @@ class BaseFederationServlet(object):
     """
     REQUIRE_AUTH = True
 
+    PREFIX = FEDERATION_V1_PREFIX  # Allows specifying the API version
+
     def __init__(self, handler, authenticator, ratelimiter, server_name):
         self.handler = handler
         self.authenticator = authenticator
@@ -286,7 +301,7 @@ class BaseFederationServlet(object):
         return new_func
 
     def register(self, server):
-        pattern = re.compile("^" + PREFIX + self.PATH + "$")
+        pattern = re.compile("^" + self.PREFIX + self.PATH + "$")
 
         for method in ("GET", "PUT", "POST"):
             code = getattr(self, "on_%s" % (method), None)
@@ -466,7 +481,7 @@ class FederationSendLeaveServlet(BaseFederationServlet):
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_PUT(self, origin, content, query, room_id, event_id):
-        content = yield self.handler.on_send_leave_request(origin, content)
+        content = yield self.handler.on_send_leave_request(origin, content, room_id)
         defer.returnValue((200, content))
 
 
@@ -484,18 +499,50 @@ class FederationSendJoinServlet(BaseFederationServlet):
     def on_PUT(self, origin, content, query, context, event_id):
         # TODO(paul): assert that context/event_id parsed from path actually
         #   match those given in content
-        content = yield self.handler.on_send_join_request(origin, content)
+        content = yield self.handler.on_send_join_request(origin, content, context)
         defer.returnValue((200, content))
 
 
-class FederationInviteServlet(BaseFederationServlet):
+class FederationV1InviteServlet(BaseFederationServlet):
     PATH = "/invite/(?P<context>[^/]*)/(?P<event_id>[^/]*)"
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_PUT(self, origin, content, query, context, event_id):
+        # We don't get a room version, so we have to assume its EITHER v1 or
+        # v2. This is "fine" as the only difference between V1 and V2 is the
+        # state resolution algorithm, and we don't use that for processing
+        # invites
+        content = yield self.handler.on_invite_request(
+            origin, content, room_version=RoomVersions.V1,
+        )
+
+        # V1 federation API is defined to return a content of `[200, {...}]`
+        # due to a historical bug.
+        defer.returnValue((200, (200, content)))
+
+
+class FederationV2InviteServlet(BaseFederationServlet):
+    PATH = "/invite/(?P<context>[^/]*)/(?P<event_id>[^/]*)"
+
+    PREFIX = FEDERATION_V2_PREFIX
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def on_PUT(self, origin, content, query, context, event_id):
         # TODO(paul): assert that context/event_id parsed from path actually
         #   match those given in content
-        content = yield self.handler.on_invite_request(origin, content)
+
+        room_version = content["room_version"]
+        event = content["event"]
+        invite_room_state = content["invite_room_state"]
+
+        # Synapse expects invite_room_state to be in unsigned, as it is in v1
+        # API
+
+        event.setdefault("unsigned", {})["invite_room_state"] = invite_room_state
+
+        content = yield self.handler.on_invite_request(
+            origin, event, room_version=room_version,
+        )
         defer.returnValue((200, content))
 
 
@@ -1263,7 +1310,8 @@ FEDERATION_SERVLET_CLASSES = (
     FederationEventServlet,
     FederationSendJoinServlet,
     FederationSendLeaveServlet,
-    FederationInviteServlet,
+    FederationV1InviteServlet,
+    FederationV2InviteServlet,
     FederationQueryAuthServlet,
     FederationGetMissingEventsServlet,
     FederationEventAuthServlet,
@@ -1272,10 +1320,12 @@ FEDERATION_SERVLET_CLASSES = (
     FederationClientKeysClaimServlet,
     FederationThirdPartyInviteExchangeServlet,
     On3pidBindServlet,
-    OpenIdUserInfo,
     FederationVersionServlet,
 )
 
+OPENID_SERVLET_CLASSES = (
+    OpenIdUserInfo,
+)
 
 ROOM_LIST_CLASSES = (
     PublicRoomList,
@@ -1314,44 +1364,83 @@ GROUP_ATTESTATION_SERVLET_CLASSES = (
     FederationGroupsRenewAttestaionServlet,
 )
 
+DEFAULT_SERVLET_GROUPS = (
+    "federation",
+    "room_list",
+    "group_server",
+    "group_local",
+    "group_attestation",
+    "openid",
+)
+
+
+def register_servlets(hs, resource, authenticator, ratelimiter, servlet_groups=None):
+    """Initialize and register servlet classes.
 
-def register_servlets(hs, resource, authenticator, ratelimiter):
-    for servletclass in FEDERATION_SERVLET_CLASSES:
-        servletclass(
-            handler=hs.get_federation_server(),
-            authenticator=authenticator,
-            ratelimiter=ratelimiter,
-            server_name=hs.hostname,
-        ).register(resource)
-
-    for servletclass in ROOM_LIST_CLASSES:
-        servletclass(
-            handler=hs.get_room_list_handler(),
-            authenticator=authenticator,
-            ratelimiter=ratelimiter,
-            server_name=hs.hostname,
-        ).register(resource)
-
-    for servletclass in GROUP_SERVER_SERVLET_CLASSES:
-        servletclass(
-            handler=hs.get_groups_server_handler(),
-            authenticator=authenticator,
-            ratelimiter=ratelimiter,
-            server_name=hs.hostname,
-        ).register(resource)
-
-    for servletclass in GROUP_LOCAL_SERVLET_CLASSES:
-        servletclass(
-            handler=hs.get_groups_local_handler(),
-            authenticator=authenticator,
-            ratelimiter=ratelimiter,
-            server_name=hs.hostname,
-        ).register(resource)
-
-    for servletclass in GROUP_ATTESTATION_SERVLET_CLASSES:
-        servletclass(
-            handler=hs.get_groups_attestation_renewer(),
-            authenticator=authenticator,
-            ratelimiter=ratelimiter,
-            server_name=hs.hostname,
-        ).register(resource)
+    Will by default register all servlets. For custom behaviour, pass in
+    a list of servlet_groups to register.
+
+    Args:
+        hs (synapse.server.HomeServer): homeserver
+        resource (TransportLayerServer): resource class to register to
+        authenticator (Authenticator): authenticator to use
+        ratelimiter (util.ratelimitutils.FederationRateLimiter): ratelimiter to use
+        servlet_groups (list[str], optional): List of servlet groups to register.
+            Defaults to ``DEFAULT_SERVLET_GROUPS``.
+    """
+    if not servlet_groups:
+        servlet_groups = DEFAULT_SERVLET_GROUPS
+
+    if "federation" in servlet_groups:
+        for servletclass in FEDERATION_SERVLET_CLASSES:
+            servletclass(
+                handler=hs.get_federation_server(),
+                authenticator=authenticator,
+                ratelimiter=ratelimiter,
+                server_name=hs.hostname,
+            ).register(resource)
+
+    if "openid" in servlet_groups:
+        for servletclass in OPENID_SERVLET_CLASSES:
+            servletclass(
+                handler=hs.get_federation_server(),
+                authenticator=authenticator,
+                ratelimiter=ratelimiter,
+                server_name=hs.hostname,
+            ).register(resource)
+
+    if "room_list" in servlet_groups:
+        for servletclass in ROOM_LIST_CLASSES:
+            servletclass(
+                handler=hs.get_room_list_handler(),
+                authenticator=authenticator,
+                ratelimiter=ratelimiter,
+                server_name=hs.hostname,
+            ).register(resource)
+
+    if "group_server" in servlet_groups:
+        for servletclass in GROUP_SERVER_SERVLET_CLASSES:
+            servletclass(
+                handler=hs.get_groups_server_handler(),
+                authenticator=authenticator,
+                ratelimiter=ratelimiter,
+                server_name=hs.hostname,
+            ).register(resource)
+
+    if "group_local" in servlet_groups:
+        for servletclass in GROUP_LOCAL_SERVLET_CLASSES:
+            servletclass(
+                handler=hs.get_groups_local_handler(),
+                authenticator=authenticator,
+                ratelimiter=ratelimiter,
+                server_name=hs.hostname,
+            ).register(resource)
+
+    if "group_attestation" in servlet_groups:
+        for servletclass in GROUP_ATTESTATION_SERVLET_CLASSES:
+            servletclass(
+                handler=hs.get_groups_attestation_renewer(),
+                authenticator=authenticator,
+                ratelimiter=ratelimiter,
+                server_name=hs.hostname,
+            ).register(resource)
diff --git a/synapse/groups/attestations.py b/synapse/groups/attestations.py
index b04f4234ca..786149be65 100644
--- a/synapse/groups/attestations.py
+++ b/synapse/groups/attestations.py
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ from signedjson.sign import sign_json
 
 from twisted.internet import defer
 
-from synapse.api.errors import SynapseError
+from synapse.api.errors import RequestSendFailed, SynapseError
 from synapse.metrics.background_process_metrics import run_as_background_process
 from synapse.types import get_domain_from_id
 from synapse.util.logcontext import run_in_background
@@ -191,6 +191,11 @@ class GroupAttestionRenewer(object):
                 yield self.store.update_attestation_renewal(
                     group_id, user_id, attestation
                 )
+            except RequestSendFailed as e:
+                logger.warning(
+                    "Failed to renew attestation of %r in %r: %s",
+                    user_id, group_id, e,
+                )
             except Exception:
                 logger.exception("Error renewing attestation of %r in %r",
                                  user_id, group_id)
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/__init__.py b/synapse/handlers/__init__.py
index 413425fed1..2dd183018a 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/__init__.py
@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@ from .admin import AdminHandler
 from .directory import DirectoryHandler
 from .federation import FederationHandler
 from .identity import IdentityHandler
-from .register import RegistrationHandler
 from .search import SearchHandler
 
 
@@ -41,7 +40,6 @@ class Handlers(object):
     """
 
     def __init__(self, hs):
-        self.registration_handler = RegistrationHandler(hs)
         self.federation_handler = FederationHandler(hs)
         self.directory_handler = DirectoryHandler(hs)
         self.admin_handler = AdminHandler(hs)
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/_base.py b/synapse/handlers/_base.py
index 704181d2d3..594754cfd8 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/_base.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/_base.py
@@ -167,4 +167,4 @@ class BaseHandler(object):
                     ratelimit=False,
                 )
             except Exception as e:
-                logger.warn("Error kicking guest user: %s" % (e,))
+                logger.exception("Error kicking guest user: %s" % (e,))
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/acme.py b/synapse/handlers/acme.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..813777bf18
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/handlers/acme.py
@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+import logging
+
+import attr
+from zope.interface import implementer
+
+import twisted
+import twisted.internet.error
+from twisted.internet import defer
+from twisted.python.filepath import FilePath
+from twisted.python.url import URL
+from twisted.web import server, static
+from twisted.web.resource import Resource
+
+from synapse.app import check_bind_error
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+try:
+    from txacme.interfaces import ICertificateStore
+
+    @attr.s
+    @implementer(ICertificateStore)
+    class ErsatzStore(object):
+        """
+        A store that only stores in memory.
+        """
+
+        certs = attr.ib(default=attr.Factory(dict))
+
+        def store(self, server_name, pem_objects):
+            self.certs[server_name] = [o.as_bytes() for o in pem_objects]
+            return defer.succeed(None)
+
+
+except ImportError:
+    # txacme is missing
+    pass
+
+
+class AcmeHandler(object):
+    def __init__(self, hs):
+        self.hs = hs
+        self.reactor = hs.get_reactor()
+        self._acme_domain = hs.config.acme_domain
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def start_listening(self):
+
+        # Configure logging for txacme, if you need to debug
+        # from eliot import add_destinations
+        # from eliot.twisted import TwistedDestination
+        #
+        # add_destinations(TwistedDestination())
+
+        from txacme.challenges import HTTP01Responder
+        from txacme.service import AcmeIssuingService
+        from txacme.endpoint import load_or_create_client_key
+        from txacme.client import Client
+        from josepy.jwa import RS256
+
+        self._store = ErsatzStore()
+        responder = HTTP01Responder()
+
+        self._issuer = AcmeIssuingService(
+            cert_store=self._store,
+            client_creator=(
+                lambda: Client.from_url(
+                    reactor=self.reactor,
+                    url=URL.from_text(self.hs.config.acme_url),
+                    key=load_or_create_client_key(
+                        FilePath(self.hs.config.config_dir_path)
+                    ),
+                    alg=RS256,
+                )
+            ),
+            clock=self.reactor,
+            responders=[responder],
+        )
+
+        well_known = Resource()
+        well_known.putChild(b'acme-challenge', responder.resource)
+        responder_resource = Resource()
+        responder_resource.putChild(b'.well-known', well_known)
+        responder_resource.putChild(b'check', static.Data(b'OK', b'text/plain'))
+
+        srv = server.Site(responder_resource)
+
+        bind_addresses = self.hs.config.acme_bind_addresses
+        for host in bind_addresses:
+            logger.info(
+                "Listening for ACME requests on %s:%i", host, self.hs.config.acme_port,
+            )
+            try:
+                self.reactor.listenTCP(
+                    self.hs.config.acme_port,
+                    srv,
+                    interface=host,
+                )
+            except twisted.internet.error.CannotListenError as e:
+                check_bind_error(e, host, bind_addresses)
+
+        # Make sure we are registered to the ACME server. There's no public API
+        # for this, it is usually triggered by startService, but since we don't
+        # want it to control where we save the certificates, we have to reach in
+        # and trigger the registration machinery ourselves.
+        self._issuer._registered = False
+        yield self._issuer._ensure_registered()
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def provision_certificate(self):
+
+        logger.warning("Reprovisioning %s", self._acme_domain)
+
+        try:
+            yield self._issuer.issue_cert(self._acme_domain)
+        except Exception:
+            logger.exception("Fail!")
+            raise
+        logger.warning("Reprovisioned %s, saving.", self._acme_domain)
+        cert_chain = self._store.certs[self._acme_domain]
+
+        try:
+            with open(self.hs.config.tls_private_key_file, "wb") as private_key_file:
+                for x in cert_chain:
+                    if x.startswith(b"-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----"):
+                        private_key_file.write(x)
+
+            with open(self.hs.config.tls_certificate_file, "wb") as certificate_file:
+                for x in cert_chain:
+                    if x.startswith(b"-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----"):
+                        certificate_file.write(x)
+        except Exception:
+            logger.exception("Failed saving!")
+            raise
+
+        defer.returnValue(True)
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/auth.py b/synapse/handlers/auth.py
index c6e89db4bc..2abd9af94f 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/auth.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/auth.py
@@ -563,10 +563,10 @@ class AuthHandler(BaseHandler):
         insensitively, but return None if there are multiple inexact matches.
 
         Args:
-            (str) user_id: complete @user:id
+            (unicode|bytes) user_id: complete @user:id
 
         Returns:
-            defer.Deferred: (str) canonical_user_id, or None if zero or
+            defer.Deferred: (unicode) canonical_user_id, or None if zero or
             multiple matches
         """
         res = yield self._find_user_id_and_pwd_hash(user_id)
@@ -954,6 +954,15 @@ class MacaroonGenerator(object):
         return macaroon.serialize()
 
     def generate_short_term_login_token(self, user_id, duration_in_ms=(2 * 60 * 1000)):
+        """
+
+        Args:
+            user_id (unicode):
+            duration_in_ms (int):
+
+        Returns:
+            unicode
+        """
         macaroon = self._generate_base_macaroon(user_id)
         macaroon.add_first_party_caveat("type = login")
         now = self.hs.get_clock().time_msec()
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/device.py b/synapse/handlers/device.py
index 9e017116a9..c708c35d4d 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/device.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/device.py
@@ -20,7 +20,11 @@ from twisted.internet import defer
 
 from synapse.api import errors
 from synapse.api.constants import EventTypes
-from synapse.api.errors import FederationDeniedError
+from synapse.api.errors import (
+    FederationDeniedError,
+    HttpResponseException,
+    RequestSendFailed,
+)
 from synapse.types import RoomStreamToken, get_domain_from_id
 from synapse.util import stringutils
 from synapse.util.async_helpers import Linearizer
@@ -504,13 +508,13 @@ class DeviceListEduUpdater(object):
                 origin = get_domain_from_id(user_id)
                 try:
                     result = yield self.federation.query_user_devices(origin, user_id)
-                except NotRetryingDestination:
+                except (
+                    NotRetryingDestination, RequestSendFailed, HttpResponseException,
+                ):
                     # TODO: Remember that we are now out of sync and try again
                     # later
                     logger.warn(
-                        "Failed to handle device list update for %s,"
-                        " we're not retrying the remote",
-                        user_id,
+                        "Failed to handle device list update for %s", user_id,
                     )
                     # We abort on exceptions rather than accepting the update
                     # as otherwise synapse will 'forget' that its device list
@@ -532,6 +536,25 @@ class DeviceListEduUpdater(object):
 
                 stream_id = result["stream_id"]
                 devices = result["devices"]
+
+                # If the remote server has more than ~1000 devices for this user
+                # we assume that something is going horribly wrong (e.g. a bot
+                # that logs in and creates a new device every time it tries to
+                # send a message).  Maintaining lots of devices per user in the
+                # cache can cause serious performance issues as if this request
+                # takes more than 60s to complete, internal replication from the
+                # inbound federation worker to the synapse master may time out
+                # causing the inbound federation to fail and causing the remote
+                # server to retry, causing a DoS.  So in this scenario we give
+                # up on storing the total list of devices and only handle the
+                # delta instead.
+                if len(devices) > 1000:
+                    logger.warn(
+                        "Ignoring device list snapshot for %s as it has >1K devs (%d)",
+                        user_id, len(devices)
+                    )
+                    devices = []
+
                 yield self.store.update_remote_device_list_cache(
                     user_id, devices, stream_id,
                 )
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/directory.py b/synapse/handlers/directory.py
index 0699731c13..8b113307d2 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/directory.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/directory.py
@@ -57,8 +57,8 @@ class DirectoryHandler(BaseHandler):
         # general association creation for both human users and app services
 
         for wchar in string.whitespace:
-                if wchar in room_alias.localpart:
-                    raise SynapseError(400, "Invalid characters in room alias")
+            if wchar in room_alias.localpart:
+                raise SynapseError(400, "Invalid characters in room alias")
 
         if not self.hs.is_mine(room_alias):
             raise SynapseError(400, "Room alias must be local")
@@ -112,7 +112,9 @@ class DirectoryHandler(BaseHandler):
                     403, "This user is not permitted to create this alias",
                 )
 
-            if not self.config.is_alias_creation_allowed(user_id, room_alias.to_string()):
+            if not self.config.is_alias_creation_allowed(
+                user_id, room_id, room_alias.to_string(),
+            ):
                 # Lets just return a generic message, as there may be all sorts of
                 # reasons why we said no. TODO: Allow configurable error messages
                 # per alias creation rule?
@@ -395,9 +397,9 @@ class DirectoryHandler(BaseHandler):
         room_id (str)
         visibility (str): "public" or "private"
         """
-        if not self.spam_checker.user_may_publish_room(
-            requester.user.to_string(), room_id
-        ):
+        user_id = requester.user.to_string()
+
+        if not self.spam_checker.user_may_publish_room(user_id, room_id):
             raise AuthError(
                 403,
                 "This user is not permitted to publish rooms to the room list"
@@ -415,7 +417,24 @@ class DirectoryHandler(BaseHandler):
 
         yield self.auth.check_can_change_room_list(room_id, requester.user)
 
-        yield self.store.set_room_is_public(room_id, visibility == "public")
+        making_public = visibility == "public"
+        if making_public:
+            room_aliases = yield self.store.get_aliases_for_room(room_id)
+            canonical_alias = yield self.store.get_canonical_alias_for_room(room_id)
+            if canonical_alias:
+                room_aliases.append(canonical_alias)
+
+            if not self.config.is_publishing_room_allowed(
+                user_id, room_id, room_aliases,
+            ):
+                # Lets just return a generic message, as there may be all sorts of
+                # reasons why we said no. TODO: Allow configurable error messages
+                # per alias creation rule?
+                raise SynapseError(
+                    403, "Not allowed to publish room",
+                )
+
+        yield self.store.set_room_is_public(room_id, making_public)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def edit_published_appservice_room_list(self, appservice_id, network_id,
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/e2e_room_keys.py b/synapse/handlers/e2e_room_keys.py
index 42b040375f..7bc174070e 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/e2e_room_keys.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/e2e_room_keys.py
@@ -19,7 +19,13 @@ from six import iteritems
 
 from twisted.internet import defer
 
-from synapse.api.errors import NotFoundError, RoomKeysVersionError, StoreError
+from synapse.api.errors import (
+    Codes,
+    NotFoundError,
+    RoomKeysVersionError,
+    StoreError,
+    SynapseError,
+)
 from synapse.util.async_helpers import Linearizer
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
@@ -267,7 +273,7 @@ class E2eRoomKeysHandler(object):
             version(str): Optional; if None gives the most recent version
                 otherwise a historical one.
         Raises:
-            StoreError: code 404 if the requested backup version doesn't exist
+            NotFoundError: if the requested backup version doesn't exist
         Returns:
             A deferred of a info dict that gives the info about the new version.
 
@@ -279,7 +285,13 @@ class E2eRoomKeysHandler(object):
         """
 
         with (yield self._upload_linearizer.queue(user_id)):
-            res = yield self.store.get_e2e_room_keys_version_info(user_id, version)
+            try:
+                res = yield self.store.get_e2e_room_keys_version_info(user_id, version)
+            except StoreError as e:
+                if e.code == 404:
+                    raise NotFoundError("Unknown backup version")
+                else:
+                    raise
             defer.returnValue(res)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -290,8 +302,60 @@ class E2eRoomKeysHandler(object):
             user_id(str): the user whose current backup version we're deleting
             version(str): the version id of the backup being deleted
         Raises:
-            StoreError: code 404 if this backup version doesn't exist
+            NotFoundError: if this backup version doesn't exist
         """
 
         with (yield self._upload_linearizer.queue(user_id)):
-            yield self.store.delete_e2e_room_keys_version(user_id, version)
+            try:
+                yield self.store.delete_e2e_room_keys_version(user_id, version)
+            except StoreError as e:
+                if e.code == 404:
+                    raise NotFoundError("Unknown backup version")
+                else:
+                    raise
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def update_version(self, user_id, version, version_info):
+        """Update the info about a given version of the user's backup
+
+        Args:
+            user_id(str): the user whose current backup version we're updating
+            version(str): the backup version we're updating
+            version_info(dict): the new information about the backup
+        Raises:
+            NotFoundError: if the requested backup version doesn't exist
+        Returns:
+            A deferred of an empty dict.
+        """
+        if "version" not in version_info:
+            raise SynapseError(
+                400,
+                "Missing version in body",
+                Codes.MISSING_PARAM
+            )
+        if version_info["version"] != version:
+            raise SynapseError(
+                400,
+                "Version in body does not match",
+                Codes.INVALID_PARAM
+            )
+        with (yield self._upload_linearizer.queue(user_id)):
+            try:
+                old_info = yield self.store.get_e2e_room_keys_version_info(
+                    user_id, version
+                )
+            except StoreError as e:
+                if e.code == 404:
+                    raise NotFoundError("Unknown backup version")
+                else:
+                    raise
+            if old_info["algorithm"] != version_info["algorithm"]:
+                raise SynapseError(
+                    400,
+                    "Algorithm does not match",
+                    Codes.INVALID_PARAM
+                )
+
+            yield self.store.update_e2e_room_keys_version(user_id, version, version_info)
+
+            defer.returnValue({})
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/federation.py b/synapse/handlers/federation.py
index a3bb864bb2..083f2e0ac3 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/federation.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/federation.py
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ from synapse.api.constants import (
     EventTypes,
     Membership,
     RejectedReason,
+    RoomVersions,
 )
 from synapse.api.errors import (
     AuthError,
@@ -43,10 +44,7 @@ from synapse.api.errors import (
     StoreError,
     SynapseError,
 )
-from synapse.crypto.event_signing import (
-    add_hashes_and_signatures,
-    compute_event_signature,
-)
+from synapse.crypto.event_signing import compute_event_signature
 from synapse.events.validator import EventValidator
 from synapse.replication.http.federation import (
     ReplicationCleanRoomRestServlet,
@@ -58,7 +56,6 @@ from synapse.types import UserID, get_domain_from_id
 from synapse.util import logcontext, unwrapFirstError
 from synapse.util.async_helpers import Linearizer
 from synapse.util.distributor import user_joined_room
-from synapse.util.frozenutils import unfreeze
 from synapse.util.logutils import log_function
 from synapse.util.retryutils import NotRetryingDestination
 from synapse.visibility import filter_events_for_server
@@ -105,7 +102,7 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
 
         self.hs = hs
 
-        self.store = hs.get_datastore()  # type: synapse.storage.DataStore
+        self.store = hs.get_datastore()
         self.federation_client = hs.get_federation_client()
         self.state_handler = hs.get_state_handler()
         self.server_name = hs.hostname
@@ -342,6 +339,8 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
                             room_id, event_id, p,
                         )
 
+                        room_version = yield self.store.get_room_version(room_id)
+
                         with logcontext.nested_logging_context(p):
                             # note that if any of the missing prevs share missing state or
                             # auth events, the requests to fetch those events are deduped
@@ -355,7 +354,7 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
                             # we want the state *after* p; get_state_for_room returns the
                             # state *before* p.
                             remote_event = yield self.federation_client.get_pdu(
-                                [origin], p, outlier=True,
+                                [origin], p, room_version, outlier=True,
                             )
 
                             if remote_event is None:
@@ -379,7 +378,6 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
                             for x in remote_state:
                                 event_map[x.event_id] = x
 
-                    room_version = yield self.store.get_room_version(room_id)
                     state_map = yield resolve_events_with_store(
                         room_version, state_maps, event_map,
                         state_res_store=StateResolutionStore(self.store),
@@ -655,6 +653,8 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
         if dest == self.server_name:
             raise SynapseError(400, "Can't backfill from self.")
 
+        room_version = yield self.store.get_room_version(room_id)
+
         events = yield self.federation_client.backfill(
             dest,
             room_id,
@@ -748,6 +748,7 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
                             self.federation_client.get_pdu,
                             [dest],
                             event_id,
+                            room_version=room_version,
                             outlier=True,
                             timeout=10000,
                         )
@@ -1060,7 +1061,7 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
         """
         logger.debug("Joining %s to %s", joinee, room_id)
 
-        origin, event = yield self._make_and_verify_event(
+        origin, event, event_format_version = yield self._make_and_verify_event(
             target_hosts,
             room_id,
             joinee,
@@ -1083,7 +1084,6 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
         handled_events = set()
 
         try:
-            event = self._sign_event(event)
             # Try the host we successfully got a response to /make_join/
             # request first.
             try:
@@ -1091,7 +1091,9 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
                 target_hosts.insert(0, origin)
             except ValueError:
                 pass
-            ret = yield self.federation_client.send_join(target_hosts, event)
+            ret = yield self.federation_client.send_join(
+                target_hosts, event, event_format_version,
+            )
 
             origin = ret["origin"]
             state = ret["state"]
@@ -1164,13 +1166,18 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
         """
         event_content = {"membership": Membership.JOIN}
 
-        builder = self.event_builder_factory.new({
-            "type": EventTypes.Member,
-            "content": event_content,
-            "room_id": room_id,
-            "sender": user_id,
-            "state_key": user_id,
-        })
+        room_version = yield self.store.get_room_version(room_id)
+
+        builder = self.event_builder_factory.new(
+            room_version,
+            {
+                "type": EventTypes.Member,
+                "content": event_content,
+                "room_id": room_id,
+                "sender": user_id,
+                "state_key": user_id,
+            }
+        )
 
         try:
             event, context = yield self.event_creation_handler.create_new_client_event(
@@ -1182,7 +1189,9 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
 
         # The remote hasn't signed it yet, obviously. We'll do the full checks
         # when we get the event back in `on_send_join_request`
-        yield self.auth.check_from_context(event, context, do_sig_check=False)
+        yield self.auth.check_from_context(
+            room_version, event, context, do_sig_check=False,
+        )
 
         defer.returnValue(event)
 
@@ -1287,11 +1296,11 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
             )
 
         event.internal_metadata.outlier = True
-        event.internal_metadata.invite_from_remote = True
+        event.internal_metadata.out_of_band_membership = True
 
         event.signatures.update(
             compute_event_signature(
-                event,
+                event.get_pdu_json(),
                 self.hs.hostname,
                 self.hs.config.signing_key[0]
             )
@@ -1304,7 +1313,7 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def do_remotely_reject_invite(self, target_hosts, room_id, user_id):
-        origin, event = yield self._make_and_verify_event(
+        origin, event, event_format_version = yield self._make_and_verify_event(
             target_hosts,
             room_id,
             user_id,
@@ -1313,7 +1322,7 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
         # Mark as outlier as we don't have any state for this event; we're not
         # even in the room.
         event.internal_metadata.outlier = True
-        event = self._sign_event(event)
+        event.internal_metadata.out_of_band_membership = True
 
         # Try the host that we succesfully called /make_leave/ on first for
         # the /send_leave/ request.
@@ -1336,7 +1345,7 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _make_and_verify_event(self, target_hosts, room_id, user_id, membership,
                                content={}, params=None):
-        origin, pdu = yield self.federation_client.make_membership_event(
+        origin, event, format_ver = yield self.federation_client.make_membership_event(
             target_hosts,
             room_id,
             user_id,
@@ -1345,9 +1354,7 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
             params=params,
         )
 
-        logger.debug("Got response to make_%s: %s", membership, pdu)
-
-        event = pdu
+        logger.debug("Got response to make_%s: %s", membership, event)
 
         # We should assert some things.
         # FIXME: Do this in a nicer way
@@ -1355,28 +1362,7 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
         assert(event.user_id == user_id)
         assert(event.state_key == user_id)
         assert(event.room_id == room_id)
-        defer.returnValue((origin, event))
-
-    def _sign_event(self, event):
-        event.internal_metadata.outlier = False
-
-        builder = self.event_builder_factory.new(
-            unfreeze(event.get_pdu_json())
-        )
-
-        builder.event_id = self.event_builder_factory.create_event_id()
-        builder.origin = self.hs.hostname
-
-        if not hasattr(event, "signatures"):
-            builder.signatures = {}
-
-        add_hashes_and_signatures(
-            builder,
-            self.hs.hostname,
-            self.hs.config.signing_key[0],
-        )
-
-        return builder.build()
+        defer.returnValue((origin, event, format_ver))
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     @log_function
@@ -1385,13 +1371,17 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
         leave event for the room and return that. We do *not* persist or
         process it until the other server has signed it and sent it back.
         """
-        builder = self.event_builder_factory.new({
-            "type": EventTypes.Member,
-            "content": {"membership": Membership.LEAVE},
-            "room_id": room_id,
-            "sender": user_id,
-            "state_key": user_id,
-        })
+        room_version = yield self.store.get_room_version(room_id)
+        builder = self.event_builder_factory.new(
+            room_version,
+            {
+                "type": EventTypes.Member,
+                "content": {"membership": Membership.LEAVE},
+                "room_id": room_id,
+                "sender": user_id,
+                "state_key": user_id,
+            }
+        )
 
         event, context = yield self.event_creation_handler.create_new_client_event(
             builder=builder,
@@ -1400,7 +1390,9 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
         try:
             # The remote hasn't signed it yet, obviously. We'll do the full checks
             # when we get the event back in `on_send_leave_request`
-            yield self.auth.check_from_context(event, context, do_sig_check=False)
+            yield self.auth.check_from_context(
+                room_version, event, context, do_sig_check=False,
+            )
         except AuthError as e:
             logger.warn("Failed to create new leave %r because %s", event, e)
             raise e
@@ -1659,6 +1651,13 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
                 create_event = e
                 break
 
+        if create_event is None:
+            # If the state doesn't have a create event then the room is
+            # invalid, and it would fail auth checks anyway.
+            raise SynapseError(400, "No create event in state")
+
+        room_version = create_event.content.get("room_version", RoomVersions.V1)
+
         missing_auth_events = set()
         for e in itertools.chain(auth_events, state, [event]):
             for e_id in e.auth_event_ids():
@@ -1669,6 +1668,7 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
             m_ev = yield self.federation_client.get_pdu(
                 [origin],
                 e_id,
+                room_version=room_version,
                 outlier=True,
                 timeout=10000,
             )
@@ -1687,7 +1687,7 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
                 auth_for_e[(EventTypes.Create, "")] = create_event
 
             try:
-                self.auth.check(e, auth_events=auth_for_e)
+                self.auth.check(room_version, e, auth_events=auth_for_e)
             except SynapseError as err:
                 # we may get SynapseErrors here as well as AuthErrors. For
                 # instance, there are a couple of (ancient) events in some
@@ -1931,6 +1931,8 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
         current_state = set(e.event_id for e in auth_events.values())
         different_auth = event_auth_events - current_state
 
+        room_version = yield self.store.get_room_version(event.room_id)
+
         if different_auth and not event.internal_metadata.is_outlier():
             # Do auth conflict res.
             logger.info("Different auth: %s", different_auth)
@@ -1955,8 +1957,6 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
                     (d.type, d.state_key): d for d in different_events if d
                 })
 
-                room_version = yield self.store.get_room_version(event.room_id)
-
                 new_state = yield self.state_handler.resolve_events(
                     room_version,
                     [list(local_view.values()), list(remote_view.values())],
@@ -2056,7 +2056,7 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
                 )
 
         try:
-            self.auth.check(event, auth_events=auth_events)
+            self.auth.check(room_version, event, auth_events=auth_events)
         except AuthError as e:
             logger.warn("Failed auth resolution for %r because %s", event, e)
             raise e
@@ -2279,18 +2279,26 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
         }
 
         if (yield self.auth.check_host_in_room(room_id, self.hs.hostname)):
-            builder = self.event_builder_factory.new(event_dict)
-            EventValidator().validate_new(builder)
+            room_version = yield self.store.get_room_version(room_id)
+            builder = self.event_builder_factory.new(room_version, event_dict)
+
+            EventValidator().validate_builder(builder)
             event, context = yield self.event_creation_handler.create_new_client_event(
                 builder=builder
             )
 
             event, context = yield self.add_display_name_to_third_party_invite(
-                event_dict, event, context
+                room_version, event_dict, event, context
             )
 
+            EventValidator().validate_new(event)
+
+            # We need to tell the transaction queue to send this out, even
+            # though the sender isn't a local user.
+            event.internal_metadata.send_on_behalf_of = self.hs.hostname
+
             try:
-                yield self.auth.check_from_context(event, context)
+                yield self.auth.check_from_context(room_version, event, context)
             except AuthError as e:
                 logger.warn("Denying new third party invite %r because %s", event, e)
                 raise e
@@ -2317,23 +2325,31 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
         Returns:
             Deferred: resolves (to None)
         """
-        builder = self.event_builder_factory.new(event_dict)
+        room_version = yield self.store.get_room_version(room_id)
+
+        # NB: event_dict has a particular specced format we might need to fudge
+        # if we change event formats too much.
+        builder = self.event_builder_factory.new(room_version, event_dict)
 
         event, context = yield self.event_creation_handler.create_new_client_event(
             builder=builder,
         )
 
         event, context = yield self.add_display_name_to_third_party_invite(
-            event_dict, event, context
+            room_version, event_dict, event, context
         )
 
         try:
-            self.auth.check_from_context(event, context)
+            self.auth.check_from_context(room_version, event, context)
         except AuthError as e:
             logger.warn("Denying third party invite %r because %s", event, e)
             raise e
         yield self._check_signature(event, context)
 
+        # We need to tell the transaction queue to send this out, even
+        # though the sender isn't a local user.
+        event.internal_metadata.send_on_behalf_of = get_domain_from_id(event.sender)
+
         # XXX we send the invite here, but send_membership_event also sends it,
         # so we end up making two requests. I think this is redundant.
         returned_invite = yield self.send_invite(origin, event)
@@ -2344,7 +2360,8 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
         yield member_handler.send_membership_event(None, event, context)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def add_display_name_to_third_party_invite(self, event_dict, event, context):
+    def add_display_name_to_third_party_invite(self, room_version, event_dict,
+                                               event, context):
         key = (
             EventTypes.ThirdPartyInvite,
             event.content["third_party_invite"]["signed"]["token"]
@@ -2368,11 +2385,12 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
             # auth checks. If we need the invite and don't have it then the
             # auth check code will explode appropriately.
 
-        builder = self.event_builder_factory.new(event_dict)
-        EventValidator().validate_new(builder)
+        builder = self.event_builder_factory.new(room_version, event_dict)
+        EventValidator().validate_builder(builder)
         event, context = yield self.event_creation_handler.create_new_client_event(
             builder=builder,
         )
+        EventValidator().validate_new(event)
         defer.returnValue((event, context))
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/groups_local.py b/synapse/handlers/groups_local.py
index 173315af6c..02c508acec 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/groups_local.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/groups_local.py
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ from six import iteritems
 
 from twisted.internet import defer
 
-from synapse.api.errors import HttpResponseException, SynapseError
+from synapse.api.errors import HttpResponseException, RequestSendFailed, SynapseError
 from synapse.types import get_domain_from_id
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
@@ -46,13 +46,19 @@ def _create_rerouter(func_name):
             # when the remote end responds with things like 403 Not
             # In Group, we can communicate that to the client instead
             # of a 500.
-            def h(failure):
+            def http_response_errback(failure):
                 failure.trap(HttpResponseException)
                 e = failure.value
                 if e.code == 403:
                     raise e.to_synapse_error()
                 return failure
-            d.addErrback(h)
+
+            def request_failed_errback(failure):
+                failure.trap(RequestSendFailed)
+                raise SynapseError(502, "Failed to contact group server")
+
+            d.addErrback(http_response_errback)
+            d.addErrback(request_failed_errback)
             return d
     return f
 
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/identity.py b/synapse/handlers/identity.py
index 5feb3f22a6..39184f0e22 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/identity.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/identity.py
@@ -167,18 +167,21 @@ class IdentityHandler(BaseHandler):
             "mxid": mxid,
             "threepid": threepid,
         }
-        headers = {}
+
         # we abuse the federation http client to sign the request, but we have to send it
         # using the normal http client since we don't want the SRV lookup and want normal
         # 'browser-like' HTTPS.
-        self.federation_http_client.sign_request(
+        auth_headers = self.federation_http_client.build_auth_headers(
             destination=None,
             method='POST',
             url_bytes='/_matrix/identity/api/v1/3pid/unbind'.encode('ascii'),
-            headers_dict=headers,
             content=content,
             destination_is=id_server,
         )
+        headers = {
+            b"Authorization": auth_headers,
+        }
+
         try:
             yield self.http_client.post_json_get_json(
                 url,
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/message.py b/synapse/handlers/message.py
index a7cd779b02..3981fe69ce 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/message.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/message.py
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ from canonicaljson import encode_canonical_json, json
 from twisted.internet import defer
 from twisted.internet.defer import succeed
 
-from synapse.api.constants import MAX_DEPTH, EventTypes, Membership
+from synapse.api.constants import EventTypes, Membership, RoomVersions
 from synapse.api.errors import (
     AuthError,
     Codes,
@@ -31,7 +31,6 @@ from synapse.api.errors import (
     SynapseError,
 )
 from synapse.api.urls import ConsentURIBuilder
-from synapse.crypto.event_signing import add_hashes_and_signatures
 from synapse.events.utils import serialize_event
 from synapse.events.validator import EventValidator
 from synapse.replication.http.send_event import ReplicationSendEventRestServlet
@@ -278,9 +277,17 @@ class EventCreationHandler(object):
         """
         yield self.auth.check_auth_blocking(requester.user.to_string())
 
-        builder = self.event_builder_factory.new(event_dict)
+        if event_dict["type"] == EventTypes.Create and event_dict["state_key"] == "":
+            room_version = event_dict["content"]["room_version"]
+        else:
+            try:
+                room_version = yield self.store.get_room_version(event_dict["room_id"])
+            except NotFoundError:
+                raise AuthError(403, "Unknown room")
 
-        self.validator.validate_new(builder)
+        builder = self.event_builder_factory.new(room_version, event_dict)
+
+        self.validator.validate_builder(builder)
 
         if builder.type == EventTypes.Member:
             membership = builder.content.get("membership", None)
@@ -318,6 +325,8 @@ class EventCreationHandler(object):
             prev_events_and_hashes=prev_events_and_hashes,
         )
 
+        self.validator.validate_new(event)
+
         defer.returnValue((event, context))
 
     def _is_exempt_from_privacy_policy(self, builder, requester):
@@ -535,40 +544,19 @@ class EventCreationHandler(object):
             prev_events_and_hashes = \
                 yield self.store.get_prev_events_for_room(builder.room_id)
 
-        if prev_events_and_hashes:
-            depth = max([d for _, _, d in prev_events_and_hashes]) + 1
-            # we cap depth of generated events, to ensure that they are not
-            # rejected by other servers (and so that they can be persisted in
-            # the db)
-            depth = min(depth, MAX_DEPTH)
-        else:
-            depth = 1
-
         prev_events = [
             (event_id, prev_hashes)
             for event_id, prev_hashes, _ in prev_events_and_hashes
         ]
 
-        builder.prev_events = prev_events
-        builder.depth = depth
-
-        context = yield self.state.compute_event_context(builder)
+        event = yield builder.build(
+            prev_event_ids=[p for p, _ in prev_events],
+        )
+        context = yield self.state.compute_event_context(event)
         if requester:
             context.app_service = requester.app_service
 
-        if builder.is_state():
-            builder.prev_state = yield self.store.add_event_hashes(
-                context.prev_state_events
-            )
-
-        yield self.auth.add_auth_events(builder, context)
-
-        signing_key = self.hs.config.signing_key[0]
-        add_hashes_and_signatures(
-            builder, self.server_name, signing_key
-        )
-
-        event = builder.build()
+        self.validator.validate_new(event)
 
         logger.debug(
             "Created event %s",
@@ -603,8 +591,13 @@ class EventCreationHandler(object):
             extra_users (list(UserID)): Any extra users to notify about event
         """
 
+        if event.is_state() and (event.type, event.state_key) == (EventTypes.Create, ""):
+            room_version = event.content.get("room_version", RoomVersions.V1)
+        else:
+            room_version = yield self.store.get_room_version(event.room_id)
+
         try:
-            yield self.auth.check_from_context(event, context)
+            yield self.auth.check_from_context(room_version, event, context)
         except AuthError as err:
             logger.warn("Denying new event %r because %s", event, err)
             raise err
@@ -752,7 +745,8 @@ class EventCreationHandler(object):
             auth_events = {
                 (e.type, e.state_key): e for e in auth_events.values()
             }
-            if self.auth.check_redaction(event, auth_events=auth_events):
+            room_version = yield self.store.get_room_version(event.room_id)
+            if self.auth.check_redaction(room_version, event, auth_events=auth_events):
                 original_event = yield self.store.get_event(
                     event.redacts,
                     check_redacted=False,
@@ -766,6 +760,9 @@ class EventCreationHandler(object):
                         "You don't have permission to redact events"
                     )
 
+                # We've already checked.
+                event.internal_metadata.recheck_redaction = False
+
         if event.type == EventTypes.Create:
             prev_state_ids = yield context.get_prev_state_ids(self.store)
             if prev_state_ids:
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/pagination.py b/synapse/handlers/pagination.py
index f2be6c1185..084c1503da 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/pagination.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/pagination.py
@@ -235,6 +235,17 @@ class PaginationHandler(object):
                 "room_key", next_key
             )
 
+        if events:
+            if event_filter:
+                events = event_filter.filter(events)
+
+            events = yield filter_events_for_client(
+                self.store,
+                user_id,
+                events,
+                is_peeking=(member_event_id is None),
+            )
+
         if not events:
             defer.returnValue({
                 "chunk": [],
@@ -242,16 +253,6 @@ class PaginationHandler(object):
                 "end": next_token.to_string(),
             })
 
-        if event_filter:
-            events = event_filter.filter(events)
-
-        events = yield filter_events_for_client(
-            self.store,
-            user_id,
-            events,
-            is_peeking=(member_event_id is None),
-        )
-
         state = None
         if event_filter and event_filter.lazy_load_members() and len(events) > 0:
             # TODO: remove redundant members
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/register.py b/synapse/handlers/register.py
index 015909bb26..24a4cb5a83 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/register.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/register.py
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ import logging
 from twisted.internet import defer
 
 from synapse import types
+from synapse.api.constants import LoginType
 from synapse.api.errors import (
     AuthError,
     Codes,
@@ -26,7 +27,14 @@ from synapse.api.errors import (
     RegistrationError,
     SynapseError,
 )
+from synapse.config.server import is_threepid_reserved
 from synapse.http.client import CaptchaServerHttpClient
+from synapse.http.servlet import assert_params_in_dict
+from synapse.replication.http.login import RegisterDeviceReplicationServlet
+from synapse.replication.http.register import (
+    ReplicationPostRegisterActionsServlet,
+    ReplicationRegisterServlet,
+)
 from synapse.types import RoomAlias, RoomID, UserID, create_requester
 from synapse.util.async_helpers import Linearizer
 from synapse.util.threepids import check_3pid_allowed
@@ -51,6 +59,7 @@ class RegistrationHandler(BaseHandler):
         self.profile_handler = hs.get_profile_handler()
         self.user_directory_handler = hs.get_user_directory_handler()
         self.captcha_client = CaptchaServerHttpClient(hs)
+        self.identity_handler = self.hs.get_handlers().identity_handler
 
         self._next_generated_user_id = None
 
@@ -61,6 +70,18 @@ class RegistrationHandler(BaseHandler):
         )
         self._server_notices_mxid = hs.config.server_notices_mxid
 
+        if hs.config.worker_app:
+            self._register_client = ReplicationRegisterServlet.make_client(hs)
+            self._register_device_client = (
+                RegisterDeviceReplicationServlet.make_client(hs)
+            )
+            self._post_registration_client = (
+                ReplicationPostRegisterActionsServlet.make_client(hs)
+            )
+        else:
+            self.device_handler = hs.get_device_handler()
+            self.pusher_pool = hs.get_pusherpool()
+
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def check_username(self, localpart, guest_access_token=None,
                        assigned_user_id=None):
@@ -126,6 +147,8 @@ class RegistrationHandler(BaseHandler):
         make_guest=False,
         admin=False,
         threepid=None,
+        user_type=None,
+        default_display_name=None,
     ):
         """Registers a new client on the server.
 
@@ -140,6 +163,10 @@ class RegistrationHandler(BaseHandler):
               since it offers no means of associating a device_id with the
               access_token. Instead you should call auth_handler.issue_access_token
               after registration.
+            user_type (str|None): type of user. One of the values from
+              api.constants.UserTypes, or None for a normal user.
+            default_display_name (unicode|None): if set, the new user's displayname
+              will be set to this. Defaults to 'localpart'.
         Returns:
             A tuple of (user_id, access_token).
         Raises:
@@ -149,7 +176,7 @@ class RegistrationHandler(BaseHandler):
         yield self.auth.check_auth_blocking(threepid=threepid)
         password_hash = None
         if password:
-            password_hash = yield self.auth_handler().hash(password)
+            password_hash = yield self._auth_handler.hash(password)
 
         if localpart:
             yield self.check_username(localpart, guest_access_token=guest_access_token)
@@ -169,20 +196,25 @@ class RegistrationHandler(BaseHandler):
             user = UserID(localpart, self.hs.hostname)
             user_id = user.to_string()
 
+            if was_guest:
+                # If the user was a guest then they already have a profile
+                default_display_name = None
+
+            elif default_display_name is None:
+                default_display_name = localpart
+
             token = None
             if generate_token:
                 token = self.macaroon_gen.generate_access_token(user_id)
-            yield self.store.register(
+            yield self._register_with_store(
                 user_id=user_id,
                 token=token,
                 password_hash=password_hash,
                 was_guest=was_guest,
                 make_guest=make_guest,
-                create_profile_with_localpart=(
-                    # If the user was a guest then they already have a profile
-                    None if was_guest else user.localpart
-                ),
+                create_profile_with_displayname=default_display_name,
                 admin=admin,
+                user_type=user_type,
             )
 
             if self.hs.config.user_directory_search_all_users:
@@ -203,13 +235,15 @@ class RegistrationHandler(BaseHandler):
                 yield self.check_user_id_not_appservice_exclusive(user_id)
                 if generate_token:
                     token = self.macaroon_gen.generate_access_token(user_id)
+                if default_display_name is None:
+                    default_display_name = localpart
                 try:
-                    yield self.store.register(
+                    yield self._register_with_store(
                         user_id=user_id,
                         token=token,
                         password_hash=password_hash,
                         make_guest=make_guest,
-                        create_profile_with_localpart=user.localpart,
+                        create_profile_with_displayname=default_display_name,
                     )
                 except SynapseError:
                     # if user id is taken, just generate another
@@ -233,9 +267,16 @@ class RegistrationHandler(BaseHandler):
         # auto-join the user to any rooms we're supposed to dump them into
         fake_requester = create_requester(user_id)
 
-        # try to create the room if we're the first user on the server
+        # try to create the room if we're the first real user on the server. Note
+        # that an auto-generated support user is not a real user and will never be
+        # the user to create the room
         should_auto_create_rooms = False
-        if self.hs.config.autocreate_auto_join_rooms:
+        is_support = yield self.store.is_support_user(user_id)
+        # There is an edge case where the first user is the support user, then
+        # the room is never created, though this seems unlikely and
+        # recoverable from given the support user being involved in the first
+        # place.
+        if self.hs.config.autocreate_auto_join_rooms and not is_support:
             count = yield self.store.count_all_users()
             should_auto_create_rooms = count == 1
         for r in self.hs.config.auto_join_rooms:
@@ -296,11 +337,11 @@ class RegistrationHandler(BaseHandler):
             user_id, allowed_appservice=service
         )
 
-        yield self.store.register(
+        yield self._register_with_store(
             user_id=user_id,
             password_hash="",
             appservice_id=service_id,
-            create_profile_with_localpart=user.localpart,
+            create_profile_with_displayname=user.localpart,
         )
         defer.returnValue(user_id)
 
@@ -328,35 +369,6 @@ class RegistrationHandler(BaseHandler):
             logger.info("Valid captcha entered from %s", ip)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def register_saml2(self, localpart):
-        """
-        Registers email_id as SAML2 Based Auth.
-        """
-        if types.contains_invalid_mxid_characters(localpart):
-            raise SynapseError(
-                400,
-                "User ID can only contain characters a-z, 0-9, or '=_-./'",
-            )
-        yield self.auth.check_auth_blocking()
-        user = UserID(localpart, self.hs.hostname)
-        user_id = user.to_string()
-
-        yield self.check_user_id_not_appservice_exclusive(user_id)
-        token = self.macaroon_gen.generate_access_token(user_id)
-        try:
-            yield self.store.register(
-                user_id=user_id,
-                token=token,
-                password_hash=None,
-                create_profile_with_localpart=user.localpart,
-            )
-        except Exception as e:
-            yield self.store.add_access_token_to_user(user_id, token)
-            # Ignore Registration errors
-            logger.exception(e)
-        defer.returnValue((user_id, token))
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def register_email(self, threepidCreds):
         """
         Registers emails with an identity server.
@@ -368,8 +380,7 @@ class RegistrationHandler(BaseHandler):
             logger.info("validating threepidcred sid %s on id server %s",
                         c['sid'], c['idServer'])
             try:
-                identity_handler = self.hs.get_handlers().identity_handler
-                threepid = yield identity_handler.threepid_from_creds(c)
+                threepid = yield self.identity_handler.threepid_from_creds(c)
             except Exception:
                 logger.exception("Couldn't validate 3pid")
                 raise RegistrationError(400, "Couldn't validate 3pid")
@@ -393,9 +404,8 @@ class RegistrationHandler(BaseHandler):
 
         # Now we have a matrix ID, bind it to the threepids we were given
         for c in threepidCreds:
-            identity_handler = self.hs.get_handlers().identity_handler
             # XXX: This should be a deferred list, shouldn't it?
-            yield identity_handler.bind_threepid(c, user_id)
+            yield self.identity_handler.bind_threepid(c, user_id)
 
     def check_user_id_not_appservice_exclusive(self, user_id, allowed_appservice=None):
         # don't allow people to register the server notices mxid
@@ -503,11 +513,11 @@ class RegistrationHandler(BaseHandler):
         token = self.macaroon_gen.generate_access_token(user_id)
 
         if need_register:
-            yield self.store.register(
+            yield self._register_with_store(
                 user_id=user_id,
                 token=token,
                 password_hash=password_hash,
-                create_profile_with_localpart=user.localpart,
+                create_profile_with_displayname=user.localpart,
             )
         else:
             yield self._auth_handler.delete_access_tokens_for_user(user_id)
@@ -521,9 +531,6 @@ class RegistrationHandler(BaseHandler):
 
         defer.returnValue((user_id, token))
 
-    def auth_handler(self):
-        return self.hs.get_auth_handler()
-
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_or_register_3pid_guest(self, medium, address, inviter_user_id):
         """Get a guest access token for a 3PID, creating a guest account if
@@ -582,3 +589,275 @@ class RegistrationHandler(BaseHandler):
             action="join",
             ratelimit=False,
         )
+
+    def _register_with_store(self, user_id, token=None, password_hash=None,
+                             was_guest=False, make_guest=False, appservice_id=None,
+                             create_profile_with_displayname=None, admin=False,
+                             user_type=None):
+        """Register user in the datastore.
+
+        Args:
+            user_id (str): The desired user ID to register.
+            token (str): The desired access token to use for this user. If this
+                is not None, the given access token is associated with the user
+                id.
+            password_hash (str|None): Optional. The password hash for this user.
+            was_guest (bool): Optional. Whether this is a guest account being
+                upgraded to a non-guest account.
+            make_guest (boolean): True if the the new user should be guest,
+                false to add a regular user account.
+            appservice_id (str|None): The ID of the appservice registering the user.
+            create_profile_with_displayname (unicode|None): Optionally create a
+                profile for the user, setting their displayname to the given value
+            admin (boolean): is an admin user?
+            user_type (str|None): type of user. One of the values from
+                api.constants.UserTypes, or None for a normal user.
+
+        Returns:
+            Deferred
+        """
+        if self.hs.config.worker_app:
+            return self._register_client(
+                user_id=user_id,
+                token=token,
+                password_hash=password_hash,
+                was_guest=was_guest,
+                make_guest=make_guest,
+                appservice_id=appservice_id,
+                create_profile_with_displayname=create_profile_with_displayname,
+                admin=admin,
+                user_type=user_type,
+            )
+        else:
+            return self.store.register(
+                user_id=user_id,
+                token=token,
+                password_hash=password_hash,
+                was_guest=was_guest,
+                make_guest=make_guest,
+                appservice_id=appservice_id,
+                create_profile_with_displayname=create_profile_with_displayname,
+                admin=admin,
+                user_type=user_type,
+            )
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def register_device(self, user_id, device_id, initial_display_name,
+                        is_guest=False):
+        """Register a device for a user and generate an access token.
+
+        Args:
+            user_id (str): full canonical @user:id
+            device_id (str|None): The device ID to check, or None to generate
+                a new one.
+            initial_display_name (str|None): An optional display name for the
+                device.
+            is_guest (bool): Whether this is a guest account
+
+        Returns:
+            defer.Deferred[tuple[str, str]]: Tuple of device ID and access token
+        """
+
+        if self.hs.config.worker_app:
+            r = yield self._register_device_client(
+                user_id=user_id,
+                device_id=device_id,
+                initial_display_name=initial_display_name,
+                is_guest=is_guest,
+            )
+            defer.returnValue((r["device_id"], r["access_token"]))
+        else:
+            device_id = yield self.device_handler.check_device_registered(
+                user_id, device_id, initial_display_name
+            )
+            if is_guest:
+                access_token = self.macaroon_gen.generate_access_token(
+                    user_id, ["guest = true"]
+                )
+            else:
+                access_token = yield self._auth_handler.get_access_token_for_user_id(
+                    user_id, device_id=device_id,
+                )
+
+            defer.returnValue((device_id, access_token))
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def post_registration_actions(self, user_id, auth_result, access_token,
+                                  bind_email, bind_msisdn):
+        """A user has completed registration
+
+        Args:
+            user_id (str): The user ID that consented
+            auth_result (dict): The authenticated credentials of the newly
+                registered user.
+            access_token (str|None): The access token of the newly logged in
+                device, or None if `inhibit_login` enabled.
+            bind_email (bool): Whether to bind the email with the identity
+                server
+            bind_msisdn (bool): Whether to bind the msisdn with the identity
+                server
+        """
+        if self.hs.config.worker_app:
+            yield self._post_registration_client(
+                user_id=user_id,
+                auth_result=auth_result,
+                access_token=access_token,
+                bind_email=bind_email,
+                bind_msisdn=bind_msisdn,
+            )
+            return
+
+        if auth_result and LoginType.EMAIL_IDENTITY in auth_result:
+            threepid = auth_result[LoginType.EMAIL_IDENTITY]
+            # Necessary due to auth checks prior to the threepid being
+            # written to the db
+            if is_threepid_reserved(
+                self.hs.config.mau_limits_reserved_threepids, threepid
+            ):
+                yield self.store.upsert_monthly_active_user(user_id)
+
+            yield self._register_email_threepid(
+                user_id, threepid, access_token,
+                bind_email,
+            )
+
+        if auth_result and LoginType.MSISDN in auth_result:
+            threepid = auth_result[LoginType.MSISDN]
+            yield self._register_msisdn_threepid(
+                user_id, threepid, bind_msisdn,
+            )
+
+        if auth_result and LoginType.TERMS in auth_result:
+            yield self._on_user_consented(
+                user_id, self.hs.config.user_consent_version,
+            )
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def _on_user_consented(self, user_id, consent_version):
+        """A user consented to the terms on registration
+
+        Args:
+            user_id (str): The user ID that consented
+            consent_version (str): version of the policy the user has
+                consented to.
+        """
+        logger.info("%s has consented to the privacy policy", user_id)
+        yield self.store.user_set_consent_version(
+            user_id, consent_version,
+        )
+        yield self.post_consent_actions(user_id)
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def _register_email_threepid(self, user_id, threepid, token, bind_email):
+        """Add an email address as a 3pid identifier
+
+        Also adds an email pusher for the email address, if configured in the
+        HS config
+
+        Also optionally binds emails to the given user_id on the identity server
+
+        Must be called on master.
+
+        Args:
+            user_id (str): id of user
+            threepid (object): m.login.email.identity auth response
+            token (str|None): access_token for the user, or None if not logged
+                in.
+            bind_email (bool): true if the client requested the email to be
+                bound at the identity server
+        Returns:
+            defer.Deferred:
+        """
+        reqd = ('medium', 'address', 'validated_at')
+        if any(x not in threepid for x in reqd):
+            # This will only happen if the ID server returns a malformed response
+            logger.info("Can't add incomplete 3pid")
+            return
+
+        yield self._auth_handler.add_threepid(
+            user_id,
+            threepid['medium'],
+            threepid['address'],
+            threepid['validated_at'],
+        )
+
+        # And we add an email pusher for them by default, but only
+        # if email notifications are enabled (so people don't start
+        # getting mail spam where they weren't before if email
+        # notifs are set up on a home server)
+        if (self.hs.config.email_enable_notifs and
+                self.hs.config.email_notif_for_new_users
+                and token):
+            # Pull the ID of the access token back out of the db
+            # It would really make more sense for this to be passed
+            # up when the access token is saved, but that's quite an
+            # invasive change I'd rather do separately.
+            user_tuple = yield self.store.get_user_by_access_token(
+                token
+            )
+            token_id = user_tuple["token_id"]
+
+            yield self.pusher_pool.add_pusher(
+                user_id=user_id,
+                access_token=token_id,
+                kind="email",
+                app_id="m.email",
+                app_display_name="Email Notifications",
+                device_display_name=threepid["address"],
+                pushkey=threepid["address"],
+                lang=None,  # We don't know a user's language here
+                data={},
+            )
+
+        if bind_email:
+            logger.info("bind_email specified: binding")
+            logger.debug("Binding emails %s to %s" % (
+                threepid, user_id
+            ))
+            yield self.identity_handler.bind_threepid(
+                threepid['threepid_creds'], user_id
+            )
+        else:
+            logger.info("bind_email not specified: not binding email")
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def _register_msisdn_threepid(self, user_id, threepid, bind_msisdn):
+        """Add a phone number as a 3pid identifier
+
+        Also optionally binds msisdn to the given user_id on the identity server
+
+        Must be called on master.
+
+        Args:
+            user_id (str): id of user
+            threepid (object): m.login.msisdn auth response
+            token (str): access_token for the user
+            bind_email (bool): true if the client requested the email to be
+                bound at the identity server
+        Returns:
+            defer.Deferred:
+        """
+        try:
+            assert_params_in_dict(threepid, ['medium', 'address', 'validated_at'])
+        except SynapseError as ex:
+            if ex.errcode == Codes.MISSING_PARAM:
+                # This will only happen if the ID server returns a malformed response
+                logger.info("Can't add incomplete 3pid")
+                defer.returnValue(None)
+            raise
+
+        yield self._auth_handler.add_threepid(
+            user_id,
+            threepid['medium'],
+            threepid['address'],
+            threepid['validated_at'],
+        )
+
+        if bind_msisdn:
+            logger.info("bind_msisdn specified: binding")
+            logger.debug("Binding msisdn %s to %s", threepid, user_id)
+            yield self.identity_handler.bind_threepid(
+                threepid['threepid_creds'], user_id
+            )
+        else:
+            logger.info("bind_msisdn not specified: not binding msisdn")
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/room.py b/synapse/handlers/room.py
index 3928faa6e7..67b15697fd 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/room.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/room.py
@@ -123,9 +123,12 @@ class RoomCreationHandler(BaseHandler):
                     token_id=requester.access_token_id,
                 )
             )
-            yield self.auth.check_from_context(tombstone_event, tombstone_context)
+            old_room_version = yield self.store.get_room_version(old_room_id)
+            yield self.auth.check_from_context(
+                old_room_version, tombstone_event, tombstone_context,
+            )
 
-            yield self.clone_exiting_room(
+            yield self.clone_existing_room(
                 requester,
                 old_room_id=old_room_id,
                 new_room_id=new_room_id,
@@ -230,7 +233,7 @@ class RoomCreationHandler(BaseHandler):
         )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def clone_exiting_room(
+    def clone_existing_room(
             self, requester, old_room_id, new_room_id, new_room_version,
             tombstone_event_id,
     ):
@@ -260,8 +263,19 @@ class RoomCreationHandler(BaseHandler):
             }
         }
 
+        # Check if old room was non-federatable
+
+        # Get old room's create event
+        old_room_create_event = yield self.store.get_create_event_for_room(old_room_id)
+
+        # Check if the create event specified a non-federatable room
+        if not old_room_create_event.content.get("m.federate", True):
+            # If so, mark the new room as non-federatable as well
+            creation_content["m.federate"] = False
+
         initial_state = dict()
 
+        # Replicate relevant room events
         types_to_copy = (
             (EventTypes.JoinRules, ""),
             (EventTypes.Name, ""),
@@ -269,6 +283,8 @@ class RoomCreationHandler(BaseHandler):
             (EventTypes.RoomHistoryVisibility, ""),
             (EventTypes.GuestAccess, ""),
             (EventTypes.RoomAvatar, ""),
+            (EventTypes.Encryption, ""),
+            (EventTypes.ServerACL, ""),
         )
 
         old_room_state_ids = yield self.store.get_filtered_current_state_ids(
@@ -295,6 +311,28 @@ class RoomCreationHandler(BaseHandler):
             creation_content=creation_content,
         )
 
+        # Transfer membership events
+        old_room_member_state_ids = yield self.store.get_filtered_current_state_ids(
+            old_room_id, StateFilter.from_types([(EventTypes.Member, None)]),
+        )
+
+        # map from event_id to BaseEvent
+        old_room_member_state_events = yield self.store.get_events(
+            old_room_member_state_ids.values(),
+        )
+        for k, old_event in iteritems(old_room_member_state_events):
+            # Only transfer ban events
+            if ("membership" in old_event.content and
+                    old_event.content["membership"] == "ban"):
+                yield self.room_member_handler.update_membership(
+                    requester,
+                    UserID.from_string(old_event['state_key']),
+                    new_room_id,
+                    "ban",
+                    ratelimit=False,
+                    content=old_event.content,
+                )
+
         # XXX invites/joins
         # XXX 3pid invites
 
@@ -433,7 +471,7 @@ class RoomCreationHandler(BaseHandler):
         """
         user_id = requester.user.to_string()
 
-        self.auth.check_auth_blocking(user_id)
+        yield self.auth.check_auth_blocking(user_id)
 
         if not self.spam_checker.user_may_create_room(user_id):
             raise SynapseError(403, "You are not permitted to create rooms")
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/room_list.py b/synapse/handlers/room_list.py
index dc88620885..13e212d669 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/room_list.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/room_list.py
@@ -73,8 +73,14 @@ class RoomListHandler(BaseHandler):
             # We explicitly don't bother caching searches or requests for
             # appservice specific lists.
             logger.info("Bypassing cache as search request.")
+
+            # XXX: Quick hack to stop room directory queries taking too long.
+            # Timeout request after 60s. Probably want a more fundamental
+            # solution at some point
+            timeout = self.clock.time() + 60
             return self._get_public_room_list(
-                limit, since_token, search_filter, network_tuple=network_tuple,
+                limit, since_token, search_filter,
+                network_tuple=network_tuple, timeout=timeout,
             )
 
         key = (limit, since_token, network_tuple)
@@ -87,7 +93,8 @@ class RoomListHandler(BaseHandler):
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _get_public_room_list(self, limit=None, since_token=None,
                               search_filter=None,
-                              network_tuple=EMPTY_THIRD_PARTY_ID,):
+                              network_tuple=EMPTY_THIRD_PARTY_ID,
+                              timeout=None,):
         if since_token and since_token != "END":
             since_token = RoomListNextBatch.from_token(since_token)
         else:
@@ -202,6 +209,9 @@ class RoomListHandler(BaseHandler):
 
         chunk = []
         for i in range(0, len(rooms_to_scan), step):
+            if timeout and self.clock.time() > timeout:
+                raise Exception("Timed out searching room directory")
+
             batch = rooms_to_scan[i:i + step]
             logger.info("Processing %i rooms for result", len(batch))
             yield concurrently_execute(
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/room_member.py b/synapse/handlers/room_member.py
index 07fd3e82fc..190ea2c7b1 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/room_member.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/room_member.py
@@ -61,9 +61,9 @@ class RoomMemberHandler(object):
 
         self.federation_handler = hs.get_handlers().federation_handler
         self.directory_handler = hs.get_handlers().directory_handler
-        self.registration_handler = hs.get_handlers().registration_handler
+        self.registration_handler = hs.get_registration_handler()
         self.profile_handler = hs.get_profile_handler()
-        self.event_creation_hander = hs.get_event_creation_handler()
+        self.event_creation_handler = hs.get_event_creation_handler()
 
         self.member_linearizer = Linearizer(name="member")
 
@@ -161,6 +161,8 @@ class RoomMemberHandler(object):
         ratelimit=True,
         content=None,
     ):
+        user_id = target.to_string()
+
         if content is None:
             content = {}
 
@@ -168,14 +170,14 @@ class RoomMemberHandler(object):
         if requester.is_guest:
             content["kind"] = "guest"
 
-        event, context = yield self.event_creation_hander.create_event(
+        event, context = yield self.event_creation_handler.create_event(
             requester,
             {
                 "type": EventTypes.Member,
                 "content": content,
                 "room_id": room_id,
                 "sender": requester.user.to_string(),
-                "state_key": target.to_string(),
+                "state_key": user_id,
 
                 # For backwards compatibility:
                 "membership": membership,
@@ -186,14 +188,14 @@ class RoomMemberHandler(object):
         )
 
         # Check if this event matches the previous membership event for the user.
-        duplicate = yield self.event_creation_hander.deduplicate_state_event(
+        duplicate = yield self.event_creation_handler.deduplicate_state_event(
             event, context,
         )
         if duplicate is not None:
             # Discard the new event since this membership change is a no-op.
             defer.returnValue(duplicate)
 
-        yield self.event_creation_hander.handle_new_client_event(
+        yield self.event_creation_handler.handle_new_client_event(
             requester,
             event,
             context,
@@ -204,12 +206,12 @@ class RoomMemberHandler(object):
         prev_state_ids = yield context.get_prev_state_ids(self.store)
 
         prev_member_event_id = prev_state_ids.get(
-            (EventTypes.Member, target.to_string()),
+            (EventTypes.Member, user_id),
             None
         )
 
         if event.membership == Membership.JOIN:
-            # Only fire user_joined_room if the user has acutally joined the
+            # Only fire user_joined_room if the user has actually joined the
             # room. Don't bother if the user is just changing their profile
             # info.
             newly_joined = True
@@ -218,6 +220,18 @@ class RoomMemberHandler(object):
                 newly_joined = prev_member_event.membership != Membership.JOIN
             if newly_joined:
                 yield self._user_joined_room(target, room_id)
+
+            # Copy over direct message status and room tags if this is a join
+            # on an upgraded room
+
+            # Check if this is an upgraded room
+            predecessor = yield self.store.get_room_predecessor(room_id)
+
+            if predecessor:
+                # It is an upgraded room. Copy over old tags
+                self.copy_room_tags_and_direct_to_room(
+                    predecessor["room_id"], room_id, user_id,
+                )
         elif event.membership == Membership.LEAVE:
             if prev_member_event_id:
                 prev_member_event = yield self.store.get_event(prev_member_event_id)
@@ -227,6 +241,55 @@ class RoomMemberHandler(object):
         defer.returnValue(event)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def copy_room_tags_and_direct_to_room(
+        self,
+        old_room_id,
+        new_room_id,
+        user_id,
+    ):
+        """Copies the tags and direct room state from one room to another.
+
+        Args:
+            old_room_id (str)
+            new_room_id (str)
+            user_id (str)
+
+        Returns:
+            Deferred[None]
+        """
+        # Retrieve user account data for predecessor room
+        user_account_data, _ = yield self.store.get_account_data_for_user(
+            user_id,
+        )
+
+        # Copy direct message state if applicable
+        direct_rooms = user_account_data.get("m.direct", {})
+
+        # Check which key this room is under
+        if isinstance(direct_rooms, dict):
+            for key, room_id_list in direct_rooms.items():
+                if old_room_id in room_id_list and new_room_id not in room_id_list:
+                    # Add new room_id to this key
+                    direct_rooms[key].append(new_room_id)
+
+                    # Save back to user's m.direct account data
+                    yield self.store.add_account_data_for_user(
+                        user_id, "m.direct", direct_rooms,
+                    )
+                    break
+
+        # Copy room tags if applicable
+        room_tags = yield self.store.get_tags_for_room(
+            user_id, old_room_id,
+        )
+
+        # Copy each room tag to the new room
+        for tag, tag_content in room_tags.items():
+            yield self.store.add_tag_to_room(
+                user_id, new_room_id, tag, tag_content
+            )
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def update_membership(
             self,
             requester,
@@ -493,7 +556,7 @@ class RoomMemberHandler(object):
         else:
             requester = synapse.types.create_requester(target_user)
 
-        prev_event = yield self.event_creation_hander.deduplicate_state_event(
+        prev_event = yield self.event_creation_handler.deduplicate_state_event(
             event, context,
         )
         if prev_event is not None:
@@ -513,7 +576,7 @@ class RoomMemberHandler(object):
             if is_blocked:
                 raise SynapseError(403, "This room has been blocked on this server")
 
-        yield self.event_creation_hander.handle_new_client_event(
+        yield self.event_creation_handler.handle_new_client_event(
             requester,
             event,
             context,
@@ -527,7 +590,7 @@ class RoomMemberHandler(object):
         )
 
         if event.membership == Membership.JOIN:
-            # Only fire user_joined_room if the user has acutally joined the
+            # Only fire user_joined_room if the user has actually joined the
             # room. Don't bother if the user is just changing their profile
             # info.
             newly_joined = True
@@ -755,7 +818,7 @@ class RoomMemberHandler(object):
             )
         )
 
-        yield self.event_creation_hander.create_and_send_nonmember_event(
+        yield self.event_creation_handler.create_and_send_nonmember_event(
             requester,
             {
                 "type": EventTypes.ThirdPartyInvite,
@@ -877,7 +940,8 @@ class RoomMemberHandler(object):
         # first member event?
         create_event_id = current_state_ids.get(("m.room.create", ""))
         if len(current_state_ids) == 1 and create_event_id:
-            defer.returnValue(self.hs.is_mine_id(create_event_id))
+            # We can only get here if we're in the process of creating the room
+            defer.returnValue(True)
 
         for etype, state_key in current_state_ids:
             if etype != EventTypes.Member or not self.hs.is_mine_id(state_key):
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/search.py b/synapse/handlers/search.py
index ec936bbb4e..49c439313e 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/search.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/search.py
@@ -38,6 +38,41 @@ class SearchHandler(BaseHandler):
         super(SearchHandler, self).__init__(hs)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def get_old_rooms_from_upgraded_room(self, room_id):
+        """Retrieves room IDs of old rooms in the history of an upgraded room.
+
+        We do so by checking the m.room.create event of the room for a
+        `predecessor` key. If it exists, we add the room ID to our return
+        list and then check that room for a m.room.create event and so on
+        until we can no longer find any more previous rooms.
+
+        The full list of all found rooms in then returned.
+
+        Args:
+            room_id (str): id of the room to search through.
+
+        Returns:
+            Deferred[iterable[unicode]]: predecessor room ids
+        """
+
+        historical_room_ids = []
+
+        while True:
+            predecessor = yield self.store.get_room_predecessor(room_id)
+
+            # If no predecessor, assume we've hit a dead end
+            if not predecessor:
+                break
+
+            # Add predecessor's room ID
+            historical_room_ids.append(predecessor["room_id"])
+
+            # Scan through the old room for further predecessors
+            room_id = predecessor["room_id"]
+
+        defer.returnValue(historical_room_ids)
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def search(self, user, content, batch=None):
         """Performs a full text search for a user.
 
@@ -137,6 +172,18 @@ class SearchHandler(BaseHandler):
         )
         room_ids = set(r.room_id for r in rooms)
 
+        # If doing a subset of all rooms seearch, check if any of the rooms
+        # are from an upgraded room, and search their contents as well
+        if search_filter.rooms:
+            historical_room_ids = []
+            for room_id in search_filter.rooms:
+                # Add any previous rooms to the search if they exist
+                ids = yield self.get_old_rooms_from_upgraded_room(room_id)
+                historical_room_ids += ids
+
+            # Prevent any historical events from being filtered
+            search_filter = search_filter.with_room_ids(historical_room_ids)
+
         room_ids = search_filter.filter_rooms(room_ids)
 
         if batch_group == "room_id":
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/sync.py b/synapse/handlers/sync.py
index 09739f2862..bd97241ab4 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/sync.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/sync.py
@@ -895,14 +895,17 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
         Returns:
             Deferred(SyncResult)
         """
-        logger.info("Calculating sync response for %r", sync_config.user)
-
         # NB: The now_token gets changed by some of the generate_sync_* methods,
         # this is due to some of the underlying streams not supporting the ability
         # to query up to a given point.
         # Always use the `now_token` in `SyncResultBuilder`
         now_token = yield self.event_sources.get_current_token()
 
+        logger.info(
+            "Calculating sync response for %r between %s and %s",
+            sync_config.user, since_token, now_token,
+        )
+
         user_id = sync_config.user.to_string()
         app_service = self.store.get_app_service_by_user_id(user_id)
         if app_service:
@@ -1390,6 +1393,12 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
         room_entries = []
         invited = []
         for room_id, events in iteritems(mem_change_events_by_room_id):
+            logger.info(
+                "Membership changes in %s: [%s]",
+                room_id,
+                ", ".join(("%s (%s)" % (e.event_id, e.membership) for e in events)),
+            )
+
             non_joins = [e for e in events if e.membership != Membership.JOIN]
             has_join = len(non_joins) != len(events)
 
@@ -1473,10 +1482,22 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
                 if since_token and since_token.is_after(leave_token):
                     continue
 
+                # If this is an out of band message, like a remote invite
+                # rejection, we include it in the recents batch. Otherwise, we
+                # let _load_filtered_recents handle fetching the correct
+                # batches.
+                #
+                # This is all screaming out for a refactor, as the logic here is
+                # subtle and the moving parts numerous.
+                if leave_event.internal_metadata.is_out_of_band_membership():
+                    batch_events = [leave_event]
+                else:
+                    batch_events = None
+
                 room_entries.append(RoomSyncResultBuilder(
                     room_id=room_id,
                     rtype="archived",
-                    events=None,
+                    events=batch_events,
                     newly_joined=room_id in newly_joined_rooms,
                     full_state=False,
                     since_token=since_token,
@@ -1668,13 +1689,17 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
                 "content": content,
             })
 
-        account_data = sync_config.filter_collection.filter_room_account_data(
+        account_data_events = sync_config.filter_collection.filter_room_account_data(
             account_data_events
         )
 
         ephemeral = sync_config.filter_collection.filter_room_ephemeral(ephemeral)
 
-        if not (always_include or batch or account_data or ephemeral or full_state):
+        if not (always_include
+                or batch
+                or account_data_events
+                or ephemeral
+                or full_state):
             return
 
         state = yield self.compute_state_delta(
@@ -1745,7 +1770,7 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
                 room_id=room_id,
                 timeline=batch,
                 state=state,
-                account_data=account_data,
+                account_data=account_data_events,
             )
             if room_sync or always_include:
                 sync_result_builder.archived.append(room_sync)
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/user_directory.py b/synapse/handlers/user_directory.py
index f11b430126..283c6c1b81 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/user_directory.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/user_directory.py
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ from six import iteritems
 
 from twisted.internet import defer
 
+import synapse.metrics
 from synapse.api.constants import EventTypes, JoinRules, Membership
 from synapse.metrics.background_process_metrics import run_as_background_process
 from synapse.storage.roommember import ProfileInfo
@@ -125,9 +126,12 @@ class UserDirectoryHandler(object):
         """
         # FIXME(#3714): We should probably do this in the same worker as all
         # the other changes.
-        yield self.store.update_profile_in_user_dir(
-            user_id, profile.display_name, profile.avatar_url, None,
-        )
+        is_support = yield self.store.is_support_user(user_id)
+        # Support users are for diagnostics and should not appear in the user directory.
+        if not is_support:
+            yield self.store.update_profile_in_user_dir(
+                user_id, profile.display_name, profile.avatar_url, None
+            )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def handle_user_deactivated(self, user_id):
@@ -160,6 +164,12 @@ class UserDirectoryHandler(object):
                 yield self._handle_deltas(deltas)
 
                 self.pos = deltas[-1]["stream_id"]
+
+                # Expose current event processing position to prometheus
+                synapse.metrics.event_processing_positions.labels("user_dir").set(
+                    self.pos
+                )
+
                 yield self.store.update_user_directory_stream_pos(self.pos)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -182,21 +192,25 @@ class UserDirectoryHandler(object):
             logger.info("Handling room %d/%d", num_processed_rooms + 1, len(room_ids))
             yield self._handle_initial_room(room_id)
             num_processed_rooms += 1
-            yield self.clock.sleep(self.INITIAL_ROOM_SLEEP_MS / 1000.)
+            yield self.clock.sleep(self.INITIAL_ROOM_SLEEP_MS / 1000.0)
 
         logger.info("Processed all rooms.")
 
         if self.search_all_users:
             num_processed_users = 0
             user_ids = yield self.store.get_all_local_users()
-            logger.info("Doing initial update of user directory. %d users", len(user_ids))
+            logger.info(
+                "Doing initial update of user directory. %d users", len(user_ids)
+            )
             for user_id in user_ids:
                 # We add profiles for all users even if they don't match the
                 # include pattern, just in case we want to change it in future
-                logger.info("Handling user %d/%d", num_processed_users + 1, len(user_ids))
+                logger.info(
+                    "Handling user %d/%d", num_processed_users + 1, len(user_ids)
+                )
                 yield self._handle_local_user(user_id)
                 num_processed_users += 1
-                yield self.clock.sleep(self.INITIAL_USER_SLEEP_MS / 1000.)
+                yield self.clock.sleep(self.INITIAL_USER_SLEEP_MS / 1000.0)
 
             logger.info("Processed all users")
 
@@ -215,24 +229,24 @@ class UserDirectoryHandler(object):
         if not is_in_room:
             return
 
-        is_public = yield self.store.is_room_world_readable_or_publicly_joinable(room_id)
+        is_public = yield self.store.is_room_world_readable_or_publicly_joinable(
+            room_id
+        )
 
         users_with_profile = yield self.state.get_current_user_in_room(room_id)
         user_ids = set(users_with_profile)
         unhandled_users = user_ids - self.initially_handled_users
 
         yield self.store.add_profiles_to_user_dir(
-            room_id, {
-                user_id: users_with_profile[user_id] for user_id in unhandled_users
-            }
+            room_id,
+            {user_id: users_with_profile[user_id] for user_id in unhandled_users},
         )
 
         self.initially_handled_users |= unhandled_users
 
         if is_public:
             yield self.store.add_users_to_public_room(
-                room_id,
-                user_ids=user_ids - self.initially_handled_users_in_public
+                room_id, user_ids=user_ids - self.initially_handled_users_in_public
             )
             self.initially_handled_users_in_public |= user_ids
 
@@ -244,7 +258,7 @@ class UserDirectoryHandler(object):
         count = 0
         for user_id in user_ids:
             if count % self.INITIAL_ROOM_SLEEP_COUNT == 0:
-                yield self.clock.sleep(self.INITIAL_ROOM_SLEEP_MS / 1000.)
+                yield self.clock.sleep(self.INITIAL_ROOM_SLEEP_MS / 1000.0)
 
             if not self.is_mine_id(user_id):
                 count += 1
@@ -259,7 +273,7 @@ class UserDirectoryHandler(object):
                     continue
 
                 if count % self.INITIAL_ROOM_SLEEP_COUNT == 0:
-                    yield self.clock.sleep(self.INITIAL_ROOM_SLEEP_MS / 1000.)
+                    yield self.clock.sleep(self.INITIAL_ROOM_SLEEP_MS / 1000.0)
                 count += 1
 
                 user_set = (user_id, other_user_id)
@@ -281,25 +295,23 @@ class UserDirectoryHandler(object):
 
                 if len(to_insert) > self.INITIAL_ROOM_BATCH_SIZE:
                     yield self.store.add_users_who_share_room(
-                        room_id, not is_public, to_insert,
+                        room_id, not is_public, to_insert
                     )
                     to_insert.clear()
 
                 if len(to_update) > self.INITIAL_ROOM_BATCH_SIZE:
                     yield self.store.update_users_who_share_room(
-                        room_id, not is_public, to_update,
+                        room_id, not is_public, to_update
                     )
                     to_update.clear()
 
         if to_insert:
-            yield self.store.add_users_who_share_room(
-                room_id, not is_public, to_insert,
-            )
+            yield self.store.add_users_who_share_room(room_id, not is_public, to_insert)
             to_insert.clear()
 
         if to_update:
             yield self.store.update_users_who_share_room(
-                room_id, not is_public, to_update,
+                room_id, not is_public, to_update
             )
             to_update.clear()
 
@@ -320,50 +332,55 @@ class UserDirectoryHandler(object):
             # may have become public or not and add/remove the users in said room
             if typ in (EventTypes.RoomHistoryVisibility, EventTypes.JoinRules):
                 yield self._handle_room_publicity_change(
-                    room_id, prev_event_id, event_id, typ,
+                    room_id, prev_event_id, event_id, typ
                 )
             elif typ == EventTypes.Member:
                 change = yield self._get_key_change(
-                    prev_event_id, event_id,
+                    prev_event_id,
+                    event_id,
                     key_name="membership",
                     public_value=Membership.JOIN,
                 )
 
-                if change is None:
-                    # Handle any profile changes
-                    yield self._handle_profile_change(
-                        state_key, room_id, prev_event_id, event_id,
-                    )
-                    continue
-
-                if not change:
+                if change is False:
                     # Need to check if the server left the room entirely, if so
                     # we might need to remove all the users in that room
                     is_in_room = yield self.store.is_host_joined(
-                        room_id, self.server_name,
+                        room_id, self.server_name
                     )
                     if not is_in_room:
                         logger.info("Server left room: %r", room_id)
                         # Fetch all the users that we marked as being in user
                         # directory due to being in the room and then check if
                         # need to remove those users or not
-                        user_ids = yield self.store.get_users_in_dir_due_to_room(room_id)
+                        user_ids = yield self.store.get_users_in_dir_due_to_room(
+                            room_id
+                        )
                         for user_id in user_ids:
                             yield self._handle_remove_user(room_id, user_id)
                         return
                     else:
                         logger.debug("Server is still in room: %r", room_id)
 
-                if change:  # The user joined
-                    event = yield self.store.get_event(event_id, allow_none=True)
-                    profile = ProfileInfo(
-                        avatar_url=event.content.get("avatar_url"),
-                        display_name=event.content.get("displayname"),
-                    )
+                is_support = yield self.store.is_support_user(state_key)
+                if not is_support:
+                    if change is None:
+                        # Handle any profile changes
+                        yield self._handle_profile_change(
+                            state_key, room_id, prev_event_id, event_id
+                        )
+                        continue
+
+                    if change:  # The user joined
+                        event = yield self.store.get_event(event_id, allow_none=True)
+                        profile = ProfileInfo(
+                            avatar_url=event.content.get("avatar_url"),
+                            display_name=event.content.get("displayname"),
+                        )
 
-                    yield self._handle_new_user(room_id, state_key, profile)
-                else:  # The user left
-                    yield self._handle_remove_user(room_id, state_key)
+                        yield self._handle_new_user(room_id, state_key, profile)
+                    else:  # The user left
+                        yield self._handle_remove_user(room_id, state_key)
             else:
                 logger.debug("Ignoring irrelevant type: %r", typ)
 
@@ -382,13 +399,15 @@ class UserDirectoryHandler(object):
 
         if typ == EventTypes.RoomHistoryVisibility:
             change = yield self._get_key_change(
-                prev_event_id, event_id,
+                prev_event_id,
+                event_id,
                 key_name="history_visibility",
                 public_value="world_readable",
             )
         elif typ == EventTypes.JoinRules:
             change = yield self._get_key_change(
-                prev_event_id, event_id,
+                prev_event_id,
+                event_id,
                 key_name="join_rule",
                 public_value=JoinRules.PUBLIC,
             )
@@ -513,7 +532,7 @@ class UserDirectoryHandler(object):
             )
             if self.is_mine_id(other_user_id) and not is_appservice:
                 shared_is_private = yield self.store.get_if_users_share_a_room(
-                    other_user_id, user_id,
+                    other_user_id, user_id
                 )
                 if shared_is_private is True:
                     # We've already marked in the database they share a private room
@@ -528,13 +547,11 @@ class UserDirectoryHandler(object):
                     to_insert.add((other_user_id, user_id))
 
         if to_insert:
-            yield self.store.add_users_who_share_room(
-                room_id, not is_public, to_insert,
-            )
+            yield self.store.add_users_who_share_room(room_id, not is_public, to_insert)
 
         if to_update:
             yield self.store.update_users_who_share_room(
-                room_id, not is_public, to_update,
+                room_id, not is_public, to_update
             )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -553,15 +570,15 @@ class UserDirectoryHandler(object):
         row = yield self.store.get_user_in_public_room(user_id)
         update_user_in_public = row and row["room_id"] == room_id
 
-        if (update_user_in_public or update_user_dir):
+        if update_user_in_public or update_user_dir:
             # XXX: Make this faster?
             rooms = yield self.store.get_rooms_for_user(user_id)
             for j_room_id in rooms:
-                if (not update_user_in_public and not update_user_dir):
+                if not update_user_in_public and not update_user_dir:
                     break
 
                 is_in_room = yield self.store.is_host_joined(
-                    j_room_id, self.server_name,
+                    j_room_id, self.server_name
                 )
 
                 if not is_in_room:
@@ -589,19 +606,19 @@ class UserDirectoryHandler(object):
         # Get a list of user tuples that were in the DB due to this room and
         # users (this includes tuples where the other user matches `user_id`)
         user_tuples = yield self.store.get_users_in_share_dir_with_room_id(
-            user_id, room_id,
+            user_id, room_id
         )
 
         for user_id, other_user_id in user_tuples:
             # For each user tuple get a list of rooms that they still share,
             # trying to find a private room, and update the entry in the DB
-            rooms = yield self.store.get_rooms_in_common_for_users(user_id, other_user_id)
+            rooms = yield self.store.get_rooms_in_common_for_users(
+                user_id, other_user_id
+            )
 
             # If they dont share a room anymore, remove the mapping
             if not rooms:
-                yield self.store.remove_user_who_share_room(
-                    user_id, other_user_id,
-                )
+                yield self.store.remove_user_who_share_room(user_id, other_user_id)
                 continue
 
             found_public_share = None
@@ -615,13 +632,13 @@ class UserDirectoryHandler(object):
                 else:
                     found_public_share = None
                     yield self.store.update_users_who_share_room(
-                        room_id, not is_public, [(user_id, other_user_id)],
+                        room_id, not is_public, [(user_id, other_user_id)]
                     )
                     break
 
             if found_public_share:
                 yield self.store.update_users_who_share_room(
-                    room_id, not is_public, [(user_id, other_user_id)],
+                    room_id, not is_public, [(user_id, other_user_id)]
                 )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -649,7 +666,7 @@ class UserDirectoryHandler(object):
 
         if prev_name != new_name or prev_avatar != new_avatar:
             yield self.store.update_profile_in_user_dir(
-                user_id, new_name, new_avatar, room_id,
+                user_id, new_name, new_avatar, room_id
             )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
diff --git a/synapse/http/__init__.py b/synapse/http/__init__.py
index a3f9e4f67c..d36bcd6336 100644
--- a/synapse/http/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/http/__init__.py
@@ -15,8 +15,10 @@
 # limitations under the License.
 import re
 
+from twisted.internet import task
 from twisted.internet.defer import CancelledError
 from twisted.python import failure
+from twisted.web.client import FileBodyProducer
 
 from synapse.api.errors import SynapseError
 
@@ -47,3 +49,16 @@ def redact_uri(uri):
         r'\1<redacted>\3',
         uri
     )
+
+
+class QuieterFileBodyProducer(FileBodyProducer):
+    """Wrapper for FileBodyProducer that avoids CRITICAL errors when the connection drops.
+
+    Workaround for https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/4003 /
+    https://twistedmatrix.com/trac/ticket/6528
+    """
+    def stopProducing(self):
+        try:
+            FileBodyProducer.stopProducing(self)
+        except task.TaskStopped:
+            pass
diff --git a/synapse/http/client.py b/synapse/http/client.py
index 3d05f83b8c..ad454f4964 100644
--- a/synapse/http/client.py
+++ b/synapse/http/client.py
@@ -15,34 +15,36 @@
 # limitations under the License.
 
 import logging
+from io import BytesIO
 
 from six import text_type
 from six.moves import urllib
 
 import treq
 from canonicaljson import encode_canonical_json, json
+from netaddr import IPAddress
 from prometheus_client import Counter
+from zope.interface import implementer, provider
 
 from OpenSSL import SSL
 from OpenSSL.SSL import VERIFY_NONE
-from twisted.internet import defer, protocol, reactor, ssl
-from twisted.internet.endpoints import HostnameEndpoint, wrapClientTLS
-from twisted.web._newclient import ResponseDone
-from twisted.web.client import (
-    Agent,
-    BrowserLikeRedirectAgent,
-    ContentDecoderAgent,
-    GzipDecoder,
-    HTTPConnectionPool,
-    PartialDownloadError,
-    readBody,
+from twisted.internet import defer, protocol, ssl
+from twisted.internet.interfaces import (
+    IReactorPluggableNameResolver,
+    IResolutionReceiver,
 )
+from twisted.python.failure import Failure
+from twisted.web._newclient import ResponseDone
+from twisted.web.client import Agent, HTTPConnectionPool, PartialDownloadError, readBody
 from twisted.web.http import PotentialDataLoss
 from twisted.web.http_headers import Headers
 
 from synapse.api.errors import Codes, HttpResponseException, SynapseError
-from synapse.http import cancelled_to_request_timed_out_error, redact_uri
-from synapse.http.endpoint import SpiderEndpoint
+from synapse.http import (
+    QuieterFileBodyProducer,
+    cancelled_to_request_timed_out_error,
+    redact_uri,
+)
 from synapse.util.async_helpers import timeout_deferred
 from synapse.util.caches import CACHE_SIZE_FACTOR
 from synapse.util.logcontext import make_deferred_yieldable
@@ -50,8 +52,125 @@ from synapse.util.logcontext import make_deferred_yieldable
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 outgoing_requests_counter = Counter("synapse_http_client_requests", "", ["method"])
-incoming_responses_counter = Counter("synapse_http_client_responses", "",
-                                     ["method", "code"])
+incoming_responses_counter = Counter(
+    "synapse_http_client_responses", "", ["method", "code"]
+)
+
+
+def check_against_blacklist(ip_address, ip_whitelist, ip_blacklist):
+    """
+    Args:
+        ip_address (netaddr.IPAddress)
+        ip_whitelist (netaddr.IPSet)
+        ip_blacklist (netaddr.IPSet)
+    """
+    if ip_address in ip_blacklist:
+        if ip_whitelist is None or ip_address not in ip_whitelist:
+            return True
+    return False
+
+
+class IPBlacklistingResolver(object):
+    """
+    A proxy for reactor.nameResolver which only produces non-blacklisted IP
+    addresses, preventing DNS rebinding attacks on URL preview.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, reactor, ip_whitelist, ip_blacklist):
+        """
+        Args:
+            reactor (twisted.internet.reactor)
+            ip_whitelist (netaddr.IPSet)
+            ip_blacklist (netaddr.IPSet)
+        """
+        self._reactor = reactor
+        self._ip_whitelist = ip_whitelist
+        self._ip_blacklist = ip_blacklist
+
+    def resolveHostName(self, recv, hostname, portNumber=0):
+
+        r = recv()
+        d = defer.Deferred()
+        addresses = []
+
+        @provider(IResolutionReceiver)
+        class EndpointReceiver(object):
+            @staticmethod
+            def resolutionBegan(resolutionInProgress):
+                pass
+
+            @staticmethod
+            def addressResolved(address):
+                ip_address = IPAddress(address.host)
+
+                if check_against_blacklist(
+                    ip_address, self._ip_whitelist, self._ip_blacklist
+                ):
+                    logger.info(
+                        "Dropped %s from DNS resolution to %s" % (ip_address, hostname)
+                    )
+                    raise SynapseError(403, "IP address blocked by IP blacklist entry")
+
+                addresses.append(address)
+
+            @staticmethod
+            def resolutionComplete():
+                d.callback(addresses)
+
+        self._reactor.nameResolver.resolveHostName(
+            EndpointReceiver, hostname, portNumber=portNumber
+        )
+
+        def _callback(addrs):
+            r.resolutionBegan(None)
+            for i in addrs:
+                r.addressResolved(i)
+            r.resolutionComplete()
+
+        d.addCallback(_callback)
+
+        return r
+
+
+class BlacklistingAgentWrapper(Agent):
+    """
+    An Agent wrapper which will prevent access to IP addresses being accessed
+    directly (without an IP address lookup).
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, agent, reactor, ip_whitelist=None, ip_blacklist=None):
+        """
+        Args:
+            agent (twisted.web.client.Agent): The Agent to wrap.
+            reactor (twisted.internet.reactor)
+            ip_whitelist (netaddr.IPSet)
+            ip_blacklist (netaddr.IPSet)
+        """
+        self._agent = agent
+        self._ip_whitelist = ip_whitelist
+        self._ip_blacklist = ip_blacklist
+
+    def request(self, method, uri, headers=None, bodyProducer=None):
+        h = urllib.parse.urlparse(uri.decode('ascii'))
+
+        try:
+            ip_address = IPAddress(h.hostname)
+
+            if check_against_blacklist(
+                ip_address, self._ip_whitelist, self._ip_blacklist
+            ):
+                logger.info(
+                    "Blocking access to %s because of blacklist" % (ip_address,)
+                )
+                e = SynapseError(403, "IP address blocked by IP blacklist entry")
+                return defer.fail(Failure(e))
+        except Exception:
+            # Not an IP
+            pass
+
+        return self._agent.request(
+            method, uri, headers=headers, bodyProducer=bodyProducer
+        )
 
 
 class SimpleHttpClient(object):
@@ -59,14 +178,54 @@ class SimpleHttpClient(object):
     A simple, no-frills HTTP client with methods that wrap up common ways of
     using HTTP in Matrix
     """
-    def __init__(self, hs):
+
+    def __init__(self, hs, treq_args={}, ip_whitelist=None, ip_blacklist=None):
+        """
+        Args:
+            hs (synapse.server.HomeServer)
+            treq_args (dict): Extra keyword arguments to be given to treq.request.
+            ip_blacklist (netaddr.IPSet): The IP addresses that are blacklisted that
+                we may not request.
+            ip_whitelist (netaddr.IPSet): The whitelisted IP addresses, that we can
+               request if it were otherwise caught in a blacklist.
+        """
         self.hs = hs
 
-        pool = HTTPConnectionPool(reactor)
+        self._ip_whitelist = ip_whitelist
+        self._ip_blacklist = ip_blacklist
+        self._extra_treq_args = treq_args
+
+        self.user_agent = hs.version_string
+        self.clock = hs.get_clock()
+        if hs.config.user_agent_suffix:
+            self.user_agent = "%s %s" % (self.user_agent, hs.config.user_agent_suffix)
+
+        self.user_agent = self.user_agent.encode('ascii')
+
+        if self._ip_blacklist:
+            real_reactor = hs.get_reactor()
+            # If we have an IP blacklist, we need to use a DNS resolver which
+            # filters out blacklisted IP addresses, to prevent DNS rebinding.
+            nameResolver = IPBlacklistingResolver(
+                real_reactor, self._ip_whitelist, self._ip_blacklist
+            )
+
+            @implementer(IReactorPluggableNameResolver)
+            class Reactor(object):
+                def __getattr__(_self, attr):
+                    if attr == "nameResolver":
+                        return nameResolver
+                    else:
+                        return getattr(real_reactor, attr)
+
+            self.reactor = Reactor()
+        else:
+            self.reactor = hs.get_reactor()
 
         # the pusher makes lots of concurrent SSL connections to sygnal, and
-        # tends to do so in batches, so we need to allow the pool to keep lots
-        # of idle connections around.
+        # tends to do so in batches, so we need to allow the pool to keep
+        # lots of idle connections around.
+        pool = HTTPConnectionPool(self.reactor)
         pool.maxPersistentPerHost = max((100 * CACHE_SIZE_FACTOR, 5))
         pool.cachedConnectionTimeout = 2 * 60
 
@@ -74,20 +233,35 @@ class SimpleHttpClient(object):
         # BrowserLikePolicyForHTTPS which will do regular cert validation
         # 'like a browser'
         self.agent = Agent(
-            reactor,
+            self.reactor,
             connectTimeout=15,
-            contextFactory=hs.get_http_client_context_factory(),
+            contextFactory=self.hs.get_http_client_context_factory(),
             pool=pool,
         )
-        self.user_agent = hs.version_string
-        self.clock = hs.get_clock()
-        if hs.config.user_agent_suffix:
-            self.user_agent = "%s %s" % (self.user_agent, hs.config.user_agent_suffix,)
 
-        self.user_agent = self.user_agent.encode('ascii')
+        if self._ip_blacklist:
+            # If we have an IP blacklist, we then install the blacklisting Agent
+            # which prevents direct access to IP addresses, that are not caught
+            # by the DNS resolution.
+            self.agent = BlacklistingAgentWrapper(
+                self.agent,
+                self.reactor,
+                ip_whitelist=self._ip_whitelist,
+                ip_blacklist=self._ip_blacklist,
+            )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def request(self, method, uri, data=b'', headers=None):
+    def request(self, method, uri, data=None, headers=None):
+        """
+        Args:
+            method (str): HTTP method to use.
+            uri (str): URI to query.
+            data (bytes): Data to send in the request body, if applicable.
+            headers (t.w.http_headers.Headers): Request headers.
+
+        Raises:
+            SynapseError: If the IP is blacklisted.
+        """
         # A small wrapper around self.agent.request() so we can easily attach
         # counters to it
         outgoing_requests_counter.labels(method).inc()
@@ -96,26 +270,39 @@ class SimpleHttpClient(object):
         logger.info("Sending request %s %s", method, redact_uri(uri))
 
         try:
+            body_producer = None
+            if data is not None:
+                body_producer = QuieterFileBodyProducer(BytesIO(data))
+
             request_deferred = treq.request(
-                method, uri, agent=self.agent, data=data, headers=headers
+                method,
+                uri,
+                agent=self.agent,
+                data=body_producer,
+                headers=headers,
+                **self._extra_treq_args
             )
             request_deferred = timeout_deferred(
-                request_deferred, 60, self.hs.get_reactor(),
+                request_deferred,
+                60,
+                self.hs.get_reactor(),
                 cancelled_to_request_timed_out_error,
             )
             response = yield make_deferred_yieldable(request_deferred)
 
             incoming_responses_counter.labels(method, response.code).inc()
             logger.info(
-                "Received response to  %s %s: %s",
-                method, redact_uri(uri), response.code
+                "Received response to %s %s: %s", method, redact_uri(uri), response.code
             )
             defer.returnValue(response)
         except Exception as e:
             incoming_responses_counter.labels(method, "ERR").inc()
             logger.info(
                 "Error sending request to  %s %s: %s %s",
-                method, redact_uri(uri), type(e).__name__, e.args[0]
+                method,
+                redact_uri(uri),
+                type(e).__name__,
+                e.args[0],
             )
             raise
 
@@ -140,8 +327,9 @@ class SimpleHttpClient(object):
         # TODO: Do we ever want to log message contents?
         logger.debug("post_urlencoded_get_json args: %s", args)
 
-        query_bytes = urllib.parse.urlencode(
-            encode_urlencode_args(args), True).encode("utf8")
+        query_bytes = urllib.parse.urlencode(encode_urlencode_args(args), True).encode(
+            "utf8"
+        )
 
         actual_headers = {
             b"Content-Type": [b"application/x-www-form-urlencoded"],
@@ -151,15 +339,13 @@ class SimpleHttpClient(object):
             actual_headers.update(headers)
 
         response = yield self.request(
-            "POST",
-            uri,
-            headers=Headers(actual_headers),
-            data=query_bytes
+            "POST", uri, headers=Headers(actual_headers), data=query_bytes
         )
 
+        body = yield make_deferred_yieldable(readBody(response))
+
         if 200 <= response.code < 300:
-            body = yield make_deferred_yieldable(treq.json_content(response))
-            defer.returnValue(body)
+            defer.returnValue(json.loads(body))
         else:
             raise HttpResponseException(response.code, response.phrase, body)
 
@@ -193,10 +379,7 @@ class SimpleHttpClient(object):
             actual_headers.update(headers)
 
         response = yield self.request(
-            "POST",
-            uri,
-            headers=Headers(actual_headers),
-            data=json_str
+            "POST", uri, headers=Headers(actual_headers), data=json_str
         )
 
         body = yield make_deferred_yieldable(readBody(response))
@@ -264,10 +447,7 @@ class SimpleHttpClient(object):
             actual_headers.update(headers)
 
         response = yield self.request(
-            "PUT",
-            uri,
-            headers=Headers(actual_headers),
-            data=json_str
+            "PUT", uri, headers=Headers(actual_headers), data=json_str
         )
 
         body = yield make_deferred_yieldable(readBody(response))
@@ -299,17 +479,11 @@ class SimpleHttpClient(object):
             query_bytes = urllib.parse.urlencode(args, True)
             uri = "%s?%s" % (uri, query_bytes)
 
-        actual_headers = {
-            b"User-Agent": [self.user_agent],
-        }
+        actual_headers = {b"User-Agent": [self.user_agent]}
         if headers:
             actual_headers.update(headers)
 
-        response = yield self.request(
-            "GET",
-            uri,
-            headers=Headers(actual_headers),
-        )
+        response = yield self.request("GET", uri, headers=Headers(actual_headers))
 
         body = yield make_deferred_yieldable(readBody(response))
 
@@ -334,22 +508,18 @@ class SimpleHttpClient(object):
             headers, absolute URI of the response and HTTP response code.
         """
 
-        actual_headers = {
-            b"User-Agent": [self.user_agent],
-        }
+        actual_headers = {b"User-Agent": [self.user_agent]}
         if headers:
             actual_headers.update(headers)
 
-        response = yield self.request(
-            "GET",
-            url,
-            headers=Headers(actual_headers),
-        )
+        response = yield self.request("GET", url, headers=Headers(actual_headers))
 
         resp_headers = dict(response.headers.getAllRawHeaders())
 
-        if (b'Content-Length' in resp_headers and
-                int(resp_headers[b'Content-Length']) > max_size):
+        if (
+            b'Content-Length' in resp_headers
+            and int(resp_headers[b'Content-Length'][0]) > max_size
+        ):
             logger.warn("Requested URL is too large > %r bytes" % (self.max_size,))
             raise SynapseError(
                 502,
@@ -359,26 +529,20 @@ class SimpleHttpClient(object):
 
         if response.code > 299:
             logger.warn("Got %d when downloading %s" % (response.code, url))
-            raise SynapseError(
-                502,
-                "Got error %d" % (response.code,),
-                Codes.UNKNOWN,
-            )
+            raise SynapseError(502, "Got error %d" % (response.code,), Codes.UNKNOWN)
 
         # TODO: if our Content-Type is HTML or something, just read the first
         # N bytes into RAM rather than saving it all to disk only to read it
         # straight back in again
 
         try:
-            length = yield make_deferred_yieldable(_readBodyToFile(
-                response, output_stream, max_size,
-            ))
+            length = yield make_deferred_yieldable(
+                _readBodyToFile(response, output_stream, max_size)
+            )
         except Exception as e:
             logger.exception("Failed to download body")
             raise SynapseError(
-                502,
-                ("Failed to download remote body: %s" % e),
-                Codes.UNKNOWN,
+                502, ("Failed to download remote body: %s" % e), Codes.UNKNOWN
             )
 
         defer.returnValue(
@@ -387,13 +551,14 @@ class SimpleHttpClient(object):
                 resp_headers,
                 response.request.absoluteURI.decode('ascii'),
                 response.code,
-            ),
+            )
         )
 
 
 # XXX: FIXME: This is horribly copy-pasted from matrixfederationclient.
 # The two should be factored out.
 
+
 class _ReadBodyToFileProtocol(protocol.Protocol):
     def __init__(self, stream, deferred, max_size):
         self.stream = stream
@@ -405,11 +570,13 @@ class _ReadBodyToFileProtocol(protocol.Protocol):
         self.stream.write(data)
         self.length += len(data)
         if self.max_size is not None and self.length >= self.max_size:
-            self.deferred.errback(SynapseError(
-                502,
-                "Requested file is too large > %r bytes" % (self.max_size,),
-                Codes.TOO_LARGE,
-            ))
+            self.deferred.errback(
+                SynapseError(
+                    502,
+                    "Requested file is too large > %r bytes" % (self.max_size,),
+                    Codes.TOO_LARGE,
+                )
+            )
             self.deferred = defer.Deferred()
             self.transport.loseConnection()
 
@@ -427,6 +594,7 @@ class _ReadBodyToFileProtocol(protocol.Protocol):
 # XXX: FIXME: This is horribly copy-pasted from matrixfederationclient.
 # The two should be factored out.
 
+
 def _readBodyToFile(response, stream, max_size):
     d = defer.Deferred()
     response.deliverBody(_ReadBodyToFileProtocol(stream, d, max_size))
@@ -449,10 +617,12 @@ class CaptchaServerHttpClient(SimpleHttpClient):
             "POST",
             url,
             data=query_bytes,
-            headers=Headers({
-                b"Content-Type": [b"application/x-www-form-urlencoded"],
-                b"User-Agent": [self.user_agent],
-            })
+            headers=Headers(
+                {
+                    b"Content-Type": [b"application/x-www-form-urlencoded"],
+                    b"User-Agent": [self.user_agent],
+                }
+            ),
         )
 
         try:
@@ -463,57 +633,6 @@ class CaptchaServerHttpClient(SimpleHttpClient):
             defer.returnValue(e.response)
 
 
-class SpiderEndpointFactory(object):
-    def __init__(self, hs):
-        self.blacklist = hs.config.url_preview_ip_range_blacklist
-        self.whitelist = hs.config.url_preview_ip_range_whitelist
-        self.policyForHTTPS = hs.get_http_client_context_factory()
-
-    def endpointForURI(self, uri):
-        logger.info("Getting endpoint for %s", uri.toBytes())
-
-        if uri.scheme == b"http":
-            endpoint_factory = HostnameEndpoint
-        elif uri.scheme == b"https":
-            tlsCreator = self.policyForHTTPS.creatorForNetloc(uri.host, uri.port)
-
-            def endpoint_factory(reactor, host, port, **kw):
-                return wrapClientTLS(
-                    tlsCreator,
-                    HostnameEndpoint(reactor, host, port, **kw))
-        else:
-            logger.warn("Can't get endpoint for unrecognised scheme %s", uri.scheme)
-            return None
-        return SpiderEndpoint(
-            reactor, uri.host, uri.port, self.blacklist, self.whitelist,
-            endpoint=endpoint_factory, endpoint_kw_args=dict(timeout=15),
-        )
-
-
-class SpiderHttpClient(SimpleHttpClient):
-    """
-    Separate HTTP client for spidering arbitrary URLs.
-    Special in that it follows retries and has a UA that looks
-    like a browser.
-
-    used by the preview_url endpoint in the content repo.
-    """
-    def __init__(self, hs):
-        SimpleHttpClient.__init__(self, hs)
-        # clobber the base class's agent and UA:
-        self.agent = ContentDecoderAgent(
-            BrowserLikeRedirectAgent(
-                Agent.usingEndpointFactory(
-                    reactor,
-                    SpiderEndpointFactory(hs)
-                )
-            ), [(b'gzip', GzipDecoder)]
-        )
-        # We could look like Chrome:
-        # self.user_agent = ("Mozilla/5.0 (%s) (KHTML, like Gecko)
-        #                   Chrome Safari" % hs.version_string)
-
-
 def encode_urlencode_args(args):
     return {k: encode_urlencode_arg(v) for k, v in args.items()}
 
diff --git a/synapse/http/endpoint.py b/synapse/http/endpoint.py
index 91025037a3..cd79ebab62 100644
--- a/synapse/http/endpoint.py
+++ b/synapse/http/endpoint.py
@@ -12,30 +12,11 @@
 # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
-import collections
 import logging
-import random
 import re
-import time
-
-from twisted.internet import defer
-from twisted.internet.endpoints import HostnameEndpoint, wrapClientTLS
-from twisted.internet.error import ConnectError
-from twisted.names import client, dns
-from twisted.names.error import DNSNameError, DomainError
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
-SERVER_CACHE = {}
-
-# our record of an individual server which can be tried to reach a destination.
-#
-# "host" is the hostname acquired from the SRV record. Except when there's
-# no SRV record, in which case it is the original hostname.
-_Server = collections.namedtuple(
-    "_Server", "priority weight host port expires"
-)
-
 
 def parse_server_name(server_name):
     """Split a server name into host/port parts.
@@ -100,299 +81,3 @@ def parse_and_validate_server_name(server_name):
         ))
 
     return host, port
-
-
-def matrix_federation_endpoint(reactor, destination, tls_client_options_factory=None,
-                               timeout=None):
-    """Construct an endpoint for the given matrix destination.
-
-    Args:
-        reactor: Twisted reactor.
-        destination (unicode): The name of the server to connect to.
-        tls_client_options_factory
-            (synapse.crypto.context_factory.ClientTLSOptionsFactory):
-            Factory which generates TLS options for client connections.
-        timeout (int): connection timeout in seconds
-    """
-
-    domain, port = parse_server_name(destination)
-
-    endpoint_kw_args = {}
-
-    if timeout is not None:
-        endpoint_kw_args.update(timeout=timeout)
-
-    if tls_client_options_factory is None:
-        transport_endpoint = HostnameEndpoint
-        default_port = 8008
-    else:
-        # the SNI string should be the same as the Host header, minus the port.
-        # as per https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/2525#issuecomment-336896777,
-        # the Host header and SNI should therefore be the server_name of the remote
-        # server.
-        tls_options = tls_client_options_factory.get_options(domain)
-
-        def transport_endpoint(reactor, host, port, timeout):
-            return wrapClientTLS(
-                tls_options,
-                HostnameEndpoint(reactor, host, port, timeout=timeout),
-            )
-        default_port = 8448
-
-    if port is None:
-        return _WrappingEndpointFac(SRVClientEndpoint(
-            reactor, "matrix", domain, protocol="tcp",
-            default_port=default_port, endpoint=transport_endpoint,
-            endpoint_kw_args=endpoint_kw_args
-        ), reactor)
-    else:
-        return _WrappingEndpointFac(transport_endpoint(
-            reactor, domain, port, **endpoint_kw_args
-        ), reactor)
-
-
-class _WrappingEndpointFac(object):
-    def __init__(self, endpoint_fac, reactor):
-        self.endpoint_fac = endpoint_fac
-        self.reactor = reactor
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def connect(self, protocolFactory):
-        conn = yield self.endpoint_fac.connect(protocolFactory)
-        conn = _WrappedConnection(conn, self.reactor)
-        defer.returnValue(conn)
-
-
-class _WrappedConnection(object):
-    """Wraps a connection and calls abort on it if it hasn't seen any action
-    for 2.5-3 minutes.
-    """
-    __slots__ = ["conn", "last_request"]
-
-    def __init__(self, conn, reactor):
-        object.__setattr__(self, "conn", conn)
-        object.__setattr__(self, "last_request", time.time())
-        self._reactor = reactor
-
-    def __getattr__(self, name):
-        return getattr(self.conn, name)
-
-    def __setattr__(self, name, value):
-        setattr(self.conn, name, value)
-
-    def _time_things_out_maybe(self):
-        # We use a slightly shorter timeout here just in case the callLater is
-        # triggered early. Paranoia ftw.
-        # TODO: Cancel the previous callLater rather than comparing time.time()?
-        if time.time() - self.last_request >= 2.5 * 60:
-            self.abort()
-            # Abort the underlying TLS connection. The abort() method calls
-            # loseConnection() on the TLS connection which tries to
-            # shutdown the connection cleanly. We call abortConnection()
-            # since that will promptly close the TLS connection.
-            #
-            # In Twisted >18.4; the TLS connection will be None if it has closed
-            # which will make abortConnection() throw. Check that the TLS connection
-            # is not None before trying to close it.
-            if self.transport.getHandle() is not None:
-                self.transport.abortConnection()
-
-    def request(self, request):
-        self.last_request = time.time()
-
-        # Time this connection out if we haven't send a request in the last
-        # N minutes
-        # TODO: Cancel the previous callLater?
-        self._reactor.callLater(3 * 60, self._time_things_out_maybe)
-
-        d = self.conn.request(request)
-
-        def update_request_time(res):
-            self.last_request = time.time()
-            # TODO: Cancel the previous callLater?
-            self._reactor.callLater(3 * 60, self._time_things_out_maybe)
-            return res
-
-        d.addCallback(update_request_time)
-
-        return d
-
-
-class SpiderEndpoint(object):
-    """An endpoint which refuses to connect to blacklisted IP addresses
-    Implements twisted.internet.interfaces.IStreamClientEndpoint.
-    """
-    def __init__(self, reactor, host, port, blacklist, whitelist,
-                 endpoint=HostnameEndpoint, endpoint_kw_args={}):
-        self.reactor = reactor
-        self.host = host
-        self.port = port
-        self.blacklist = blacklist
-        self.whitelist = whitelist
-        self.endpoint = endpoint
-        self.endpoint_kw_args = endpoint_kw_args
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def connect(self, protocolFactory):
-        address = yield self.reactor.resolve(self.host)
-
-        from netaddr import IPAddress
-        ip_address = IPAddress(address)
-
-        if ip_address in self.blacklist:
-            if self.whitelist is None or ip_address not in self.whitelist:
-                raise ConnectError(
-                    "Refusing to spider blacklisted IP address %s" % address
-                )
-
-        logger.info("Connecting to %s:%s", address, self.port)
-        endpoint = self.endpoint(
-            self.reactor, address, self.port, **self.endpoint_kw_args
-        )
-        connection = yield endpoint.connect(protocolFactory)
-        defer.returnValue(connection)
-
-
-class SRVClientEndpoint(object):
-    """An endpoint which looks up SRV records for a service.
-    Cycles through the list of servers starting with each call to connect
-    picking the next server.
-    Implements twisted.internet.interfaces.IStreamClientEndpoint.
-    """
-
-    def __init__(self, reactor, service, domain, protocol="tcp",
-                 default_port=None, endpoint=HostnameEndpoint,
-                 endpoint_kw_args={}):
-        self.reactor = reactor
-        self.service_name = "_%s._%s.%s" % (service, protocol, domain)
-
-        if default_port is not None:
-            self.default_server = _Server(
-                host=domain,
-                port=default_port,
-                priority=0,
-                weight=0,
-                expires=0,
-            )
-        else:
-            self.default_server = None
-
-        self.endpoint = endpoint
-        self.endpoint_kw_args = endpoint_kw_args
-
-        self.servers = None
-        self.used_servers = None
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def fetch_servers(self):
-        self.used_servers = []
-        self.servers = yield resolve_service(self.service_name)
-
-    def pick_server(self):
-        if not self.servers:
-            if self.used_servers:
-                self.servers = self.used_servers
-                self.used_servers = []
-                self.servers.sort()
-            elif self.default_server:
-                return self.default_server
-            else:
-                raise ConnectError(
-                    "No server available for %s" % self.service_name
-                )
-
-        # look for all servers with the same priority
-        min_priority = self.servers[0].priority
-        weight_indexes = list(
-            (index, server.weight + 1)
-            for index, server in enumerate(self.servers)
-            if server.priority == min_priority
-        )
-
-        total_weight = sum(weight for index, weight in weight_indexes)
-        target_weight = random.randint(0, total_weight)
-        for index, weight in weight_indexes:
-            target_weight -= weight
-            if target_weight <= 0:
-                server = self.servers[index]
-                # XXX: this looks totally dubious:
-                #
-                # (a) we never reuse a server until we have been through
-                #     all of the servers at the same priority, so if the
-                #     weights are A: 100, B:1, we always do ABABAB instead of
-                #     AAAA...AAAB (approximately).
-                #
-                # (b) After using all the servers at the lowest priority,
-                #     we move onto the next priority. We should only use the
-                #     second priority if servers at the top priority are
-                #     unreachable.
-                #
-                del self.servers[index]
-                self.used_servers.append(server)
-                return server
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def connect(self, protocolFactory):
-        if self.servers is None:
-            yield self.fetch_servers()
-        server = self.pick_server()
-        logger.info("Connecting to %s:%s", server.host, server.port)
-        endpoint = self.endpoint(
-            self.reactor, server.host, server.port, **self.endpoint_kw_args
-        )
-        connection = yield endpoint.connect(protocolFactory)
-        defer.returnValue(connection)
-
-
-@defer.inlineCallbacks
-def resolve_service(service_name, dns_client=client, cache=SERVER_CACHE, clock=time):
-    cache_entry = cache.get(service_name, None)
-    if cache_entry:
-        if all(s.expires > int(clock.time()) for s in cache_entry):
-            servers = list(cache_entry)
-            defer.returnValue(servers)
-
-    servers = []
-
-    try:
-        try:
-            answers, _, _ = yield dns_client.lookupService(service_name)
-        except DNSNameError:
-            defer.returnValue([])
-
-        if (len(answers) == 1
-                and answers[0].type == dns.SRV
-                and answers[0].payload
-                and answers[0].payload.target == dns.Name(b'.')):
-            raise ConnectError("Service %s unavailable" % service_name)
-
-        for answer in answers:
-            if answer.type != dns.SRV or not answer.payload:
-                continue
-
-            payload = answer.payload
-
-            servers.append(_Server(
-                host=str(payload.target),
-                port=int(payload.port),
-                priority=int(payload.priority),
-                weight=int(payload.weight),
-                expires=int(clock.time()) + answer.ttl,
-            ))
-
-        servers.sort()
-        cache[service_name] = list(servers)
-    except DomainError as e:
-        # We failed to resolve the name (other than a NameError)
-        # Try something in the cache, else rereaise
-        cache_entry = cache.get(service_name, None)
-        if cache_entry:
-            logger.warn(
-                "Failed to resolve %r, falling back to cache. %r",
-                service_name, e
-            )
-            servers = list(cache_entry)
-        else:
-            raise e
-
-    defer.returnValue(servers)
diff --git a/synapse/http/federation/__init__.py b/synapse/http/federation/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1453d04571
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/http/federation/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
diff --git a/synapse/http/federation/matrix_federation_agent.py b/synapse/http/federation/matrix_federation_agent.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..384d8a37a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/http/federation/matrix_federation_agent.py
@@ -0,0 +1,452 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+import json
+import logging
+import random
+import time
+
+import attr
+from netaddr import IPAddress
+from zope.interface import implementer
+
+from twisted.internet import defer
+from twisted.internet.endpoints import HostnameEndpoint, wrapClientTLS
+from twisted.internet.interfaces import IStreamClientEndpoint
+from twisted.web.client import URI, Agent, HTTPConnectionPool, RedirectAgent, readBody
+from twisted.web.http import stringToDatetime
+from twisted.web.http_headers import Headers
+from twisted.web.iweb import IAgent
+
+from synapse.http.federation.srv_resolver import SrvResolver, pick_server_from_list
+from synapse.util import Clock
+from synapse.util.caches.ttlcache import TTLCache
+from synapse.util.logcontext import make_deferred_yieldable
+from synapse.util.metrics import Measure
+
+# period to cache .well-known results for by default
+WELL_KNOWN_DEFAULT_CACHE_PERIOD = 24 * 3600
+
+# jitter to add to the .well-known default cache ttl
+WELL_KNOWN_DEFAULT_CACHE_PERIOD_JITTER = 10 * 60
+
+# period to cache failure to fetch .well-known for
+WELL_KNOWN_INVALID_CACHE_PERIOD = 1 * 3600
+
+# cap for .well-known cache period
+WELL_KNOWN_MAX_CACHE_PERIOD = 48 * 3600
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+well_known_cache = TTLCache('well-known')
+
+
+@implementer(IAgent)
+class MatrixFederationAgent(object):
+    """An Agent-like thing which provides a `request` method which will look up a matrix
+    server and send an HTTP request to it.
+
+    Doesn't implement any retries. (Those are done in MatrixFederationHttpClient.)
+
+    Args:
+        reactor (IReactor): twisted reactor to use for underlying requests
+
+        tls_client_options_factory (ClientTLSOptionsFactory|None):
+            factory to use for fetching client tls options, or none to disable TLS.
+
+        _well_known_tls_policy (IPolicyForHTTPS|None):
+            TLS policy to use for fetching .well-known files. None to use a default
+            (browser-like) implementation.
+
+        srv_resolver (SrvResolver|None):
+            SRVResolver impl to use for looking up SRV records. None to use a default
+            implementation.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, reactor, tls_client_options_factory,
+        _well_known_tls_policy=None,
+        _srv_resolver=None,
+        _well_known_cache=well_known_cache,
+    ):
+        self._reactor = reactor
+        self._clock = Clock(reactor)
+
+        self._tls_client_options_factory = tls_client_options_factory
+        if _srv_resolver is None:
+            _srv_resolver = SrvResolver()
+        self._srv_resolver = _srv_resolver
+
+        self._pool = HTTPConnectionPool(reactor)
+        self._pool.retryAutomatically = False
+        self._pool.maxPersistentPerHost = 5
+        self._pool.cachedConnectionTimeout = 2 * 60
+
+        agent_args = {}
+        if _well_known_tls_policy is not None:
+            # the param is called 'contextFactory', but actually passing a
+            # contextfactory is deprecated, and it expects an IPolicyForHTTPS.
+            agent_args['contextFactory'] = _well_known_tls_policy
+        _well_known_agent = RedirectAgent(
+            Agent(self._reactor, pool=self._pool, **agent_args),
+        )
+        self._well_known_agent = _well_known_agent
+
+        # our cache of .well-known lookup results, mapping from server name
+        # to delegated name. The values can be:
+        #   `bytes`:     a valid server-name
+        #   `None`:      there is no (valid) .well-known here
+        self._well_known_cache = _well_known_cache
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def request(self, method, uri, headers=None, bodyProducer=None):
+        """
+        Args:
+            method (bytes): HTTP method: GET/POST/etc
+
+            uri (bytes): Absolute URI to be retrieved
+
+            headers (twisted.web.http_headers.Headers|None):
+                HTTP headers to send with the request, or None to
+                send no extra headers.
+
+            bodyProducer (twisted.web.iweb.IBodyProducer|None):
+                An object which can generate bytes to make up the
+                body of this request (for example, the properly encoded contents of
+                a file for a file upload).  Or None if the request is to have
+                no body.
+
+        Returns:
+            Deferred[twisted.web.iweb.IResponse]:
+                fires when the header of the response has been received (regardless of the
+                response status code). Fails if there is any problem which prevents that
+                response from being received (including problems that prevent the request
+                from being sent).
+        """
+        parsed_uri = URI.fromBytes(uri, defaultPort=-1)
+        res = yield self._route_matrix_uri(parsed_uri)
+
+        # set up the TLS connection params
+        #
+        # XXX disabling TLS is really only supported here for the benefit of the
+        # unit tests. We should make the UTs cope with TLS rather than having to make
+        # the code support the unit tests.
+        if self._tls_client_options_factory is None:
+            tls_options = None
+        else:
+            tls_options = self._tls_client_options_factory.get_options(
+                res.tls_server_name.decode("ascii")
+            )
+
+        # make sure that the Host header is set correctly
+        if headers is None:
+            headers = Headers()
+        else:
+            headers = headers.copy()
+
+        if not headers.hasHeader(b'host'):
+            headers.addRawHeader(b'host', res.host_header)
+
+        class EndpointFactory(object):
+            @staticmethod
+            def endpointForURI(_uri):
+                ep = LoggingHostnameEndpoint(
+                    self._reactor, res.target_host, res.target_port,
+                )
+                if tls_options is not None:
+                    ep = wrapClientTLS(tls_options, ep)
+                return ep
+
+        agent = Agent.usingEndpointFactory(self._reactor, EndpointFactory(), self._pool)
+        res = yield make_deferred_yieldable(
+            agent.request(method, uri, headers, bodyProducer)
+        )
+        defer.returnValue(res)
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def _route_matrix_uri(self, parsed_uri, lookup_well_known=True):
+        """Helper for `request`: determine the routing for a Matrix URI
+
+        Args:
+            parsed_uri (twisted.web.client.URI): uri to route. Note that it should be
+                parsed with URI.fromBytes(uri, defaultPort=-1) to set the `port` to -1
+                if there is no explicit port given.
+
+            lookup_well_known (bool): True if we should look up the .well-known file if
+                there is no SRV record.
+
+        Returns:
+            Deferred[_RoutingResult]
+        """
+        # check for an IP literal
+        try:
+            ip_address = IPAddress(parsed_uri.host.decode("ascii"))
+        except Exception:
+            # not an IP address
+            ip_address = None
+
+        if ip_address:
+            port = parsed_uri.port
+            if port == -1:
+                port = 8448
+            defer.returnValue(_RoutingResult(
+                host_header=parsed_uri.netloc,
+                tls_server_name=parsed_uri.host,
+                target_host=parsed_uri.host,
+                target_port=port,
+            ))
+
+        if parsed_uri.port != -1:
+            # there is an explicit port
+            defer.returnValue(_RoutingResult(
+                host_header=parsed_uri.netloc,
+                tls_server_name=parsed_uri.host,
+                target_host=parsed_uri.host,
+                target_port=parsed_uri.port,
+            ))
+
+        if lookup_well_known:
+            # try a .well-known lookup
+            well_known_server = yield self._get_well_known(parsed_uri.host)
+
+            if well_known_server:
+                # if we found a .well-known, start again, but don't do another
+                # .well-known lookup.
+
+                # parse the server name in the .well-known response into host/port.
+                # (This code is lifted from twisted.web.client.URI.fromBytes).
+                if b':' in well_known_server:
+                    well_known_host, well_known_port = well_known_server.rsplit(b':', 1)
+                    try:
+                        well_known_port = int(well_known_port)
+                    except ValueError:
+                        # the part after the colon could not be parsed as an int
+                        # - we assume it is an IPv6 literal with no port (the closing
+                        # ']' stops it being parsed as an int)
+                        well_known_host, well_known_port = well_known_server, -1
+                else:
+                    well_known_host, well_known_port = well_known_server, -1
+
+                new_uri = URI(
+                    scheme=parsed_uri.scheme,
+                    netloc=well_known_server,
+                    host=well_known_host,
+                    port=well_known_port,
+                    path=parsed_uri.path,
+                    params=parsed_uri.params,
+                    query=parsed_uri.query,
+                    fragment=parsed_uri.fragment,
+                )
+
+                res = yield self._route_matrix_uri(new_uri, lookup_well_known=False)
+                defer.returnValue(res)
+
+        # try a SRV lookup
+        service_name = b"_matrix._tcp.%s" % (parsed_uri.host,)
+        server_list = yield self._srv_resolver.resolve_service(service_name)
+
+        if not server_list:
+            target_host = parsed_uri.host
+            port = 8448
+            logger.debug(
+                "No SRV record for %s, using %s:%i",
+                parsed_uri.host.decode("ascii"), target_host.decode("ascii"), port,
+            )
+        else:
+            target_host, port = pick_server_from_list(server_list)
+            logger.debug(
+                "Picked %s:%i from SRV records for %s",
+                target_host.decode("ascii"), port, parsed_uri.host.decode("ascii"),
+            )
+
+        defer.returnValue(_RoutingResult(
+            host_header=parsed_uri.netloc,
+            tls_server_name=parsed_uri.host,
+            target_host=target_host,
+            target_port=port,
+        ))
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def _get_well_known(self, server_name):
+        """Attempt to fetch and parse a .well-known file for the given server
+
+        Args:
+            server_name (bytes): name of the server, from the requested url
+
+        Returns:
+            Deferred[bytes|None]: either the new server name, from the .well-known, or
+                None if there was no .well-known file.
+        """
+        try:
+            result = self._well_known_cache[server_name]
+        except KeyError:
+            # TODO: should we linearise so that we don't end up doing two .well-known
+            # requests for the same server in parallel?
+            with Measure(self._clock, "get_well_known"):
+                result, cache_period = yield self._do_get_well_known(server_name)
+
+            if cache_period > 0:
+                self._well_known_cache.set(server_name, result, cache_period)
+
+        defer.returnValue(result)
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def _do_get_well_known(self, server_name):
+        """Actually fetch and parse a .well-known, without checking the cache
+
+        Args:
+            server_name (bytes): name of the server, from the requested url
+
+        Returns:
+            Deferred[Tuple[bytes|None|object],int]:
+                result, cache period, where result is one of:
+                 - the new server name from the .well-known (as a `bytes`)
+                 - None if there was no .well-known file.
+                 - INVALID_WELL_KNOWN if the .well-known was invalid
+        """
+        uri = b"https://%s/.well-known/matrix/server" % (server_name, )
+        uri_str = uri.decode("ascii")
+        logger.info("Fetching %s", uri_str)
+        try:
+            response = yield make_deferred_yieldable(
+                self._well_known_agent.request(b"GET", uri),
+            )
+            body = yield make_deferred_yieldable(readBody(response))
+            if response.code != 200:
+                raise Exception("Non-200 response %s" % (response.code, ))
+
+            parsed_body = json.loads(body.decode('utf-8'))
+            logger.info("Response from .well-known: %s", parsed_body)
+            if not isinstance(parsed_body, dict):
+                raise Exception("not a dict")
+            if "m.server" not in parsed_body:
+                raise Exception("Missing key 'm.server'")
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.info("Error fetching %s: %s", uri_str, e)
+
+            # add some randomness to the TTL to avoid a stampeding herd every hour
+            # after startup
+            cache_period = WELL_KNOWN_INVALID_CACHE_PERIOD
+            cache_period += random.uniform(0, WELL_KNOWN_DEFAULT_CACHE_PERIOD_JITTER)
+            defer.returnValue((None, cache_period))
+
+        result = parsed_body["m.server"].encode("ascii")
+
+        cache_period = _cache_period_from_headers(
+            response.headers,
+            time_now=self._reactor.seconds,
+        )
+        if cache_period is None:
+            cache_period = WELL_KNOWN_DEFAULT_CACHE_PERIOD
+            # add some randomness to the TTL to avoid a stampeding herd every 24 hours
+            # after startup
+            cache_period += random.uniform(0, WELL_KNOWN_DEFAULT_CACHE_PERIOD_JITTER)
+        else:
+            cache_period = min(cache_period, WELL_KNOWN_MAX_CACHE_PERIOD)
+
+        defer.returnValue((result, cache_period))
+
+
+@implementer(IStreamClientEndpoint)
+class LoggingHostnameEndpoint(object):
+    """A wrapper for HostnameEndpint which logs when it connects"""
+    def __init__(self, reactor, host, port, *args, **kwargs):
+        self.host = host
+        self.port = port
+        self.ep = HostnameEndpoint(reactor, host, port, *args, **kwargs)
+
+    def connect(self, protocol_factory):
+        logger.info("Connecting to %s:%i", self.host.decode("ascii"), self.port)
+        return self.ep.connect(protocol_factory)
+
+
+def _cache_period_from_headers(headers, time_now=time.time):
+    cache_controls = _parse_cache_control(headers)
+
+    if b'no-store' in cache_controls:
+        return 0
+
+    if b'max-age' in cache_controls:
+        try:
+            max_age = int(cache_controls[b'max-age'])
+            return max_age
+        except ValueError:
+            pass
+
+    expires = headers.getRawHeaders(b'expires')
+    if expires is not None:
+        try:
+            expires_date = stringToDatetime(expires[-1])
+            return expires_date - time_now()
+        except ValueError:
+            # RFC7234 says 'A cache recipient MUST interpret invalid date formats,
+            # especially the value "0", as representing a time in the past (i.e.,
+            # "already expired").
+            return 0
+
+    return None
+
+
+def _parse_cache_control(headers):
+    cache_controls = {}
+    for hdr in headers.getRawHeaders(b'cache-control', []):
+        for directive in hdr.split(b','):
+            splits = [x.strip() for x in directive.split(b'=', 1)]
+            k = splits[0].lower()
+            v = splits[1] if len(splits) > 1 else None
+            cache_controls[k] = v
+    return cache_controls
+
+
+@attr.s
+class _RoutingResult(object):
+    """The result returned by `_route_matrix_uri`.
+
+    Contains the parameters needed to direct a federation connection to a particular
+    server.
+
+    Where a SRV record points to several servers, this object contains a single server
+    chosen from the list.
+    """
+
+    host_header = attr.ib()
+    """
+    The value we should assign to the Host header (host:port from the matrix
+    URI, or .well-known).
+
+    :type: bytes
+    """
+
+    tls_server_name = attr.ib()
+    """
+    The server name we should set in the SNI (typically host, without port, from the
+    matrix URI or .well-known)
+
+    :type: bytes
+    """
+
+    target_host = attr.ib()
+    """
+    The hostname (or IP literal) we should route the TCP connection to (the target of the
+    SRV record, or the hostname from the URL/.well-known)
+
+    :type: bytes
+    """
+
+    target_port = attr.ib()
+    """
+    The port we should route the TCP connection to (the target of the SRV record, or
+    the port from the URL/.well-known, or 8448)
+
+    :type: int
+    """
diff --git a/synapse/http/federation/srv_resolver.py b/synapse/http/federation/srv_resolver.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..71830c549d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/http/federation/srv_resolver.py
@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+# Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+import logging
+import random
+import time
+
+import attr
+
+from twisted.internet import defer
+from twisted.internet.error import ConnectError
+from twisted.names import client, dns
+from twisted.names.error import DNSNameError, DomainError
+
+from synapse.util.logcontext import make_deferred_yieldable
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+SERVER_CACHE = {}
+
+
+@attr.s
+class Server(object):
+    """
+    Our record of an individual server which can be tried to reach a destination.
+
+    Attributes:
+        host (bytes): target hostname
+        port (int):
+        priority (int):
+        weight (int):
+        expires (int): when the cache should expire this record - in *seconds* since
+            the epoch
+    """
+    host = attr.ib()
+    port = attr.ib()
+    priority = attr.ib(default=0)
+    weight = attr.ib(default=0)
+    expires = attr.ib(default=0)
+
+
+def pick_server_from_list(server_list):
+    """Randomly choose a server from the server list
+
+    Args:
+        server_list (list[Server]): list of candidate servers
+
+    Returns:
+        Tuple[bytes, int]: (host, port) pair for the chosen server
+    """
+    if not server_list:
+        raise RuntimeError("pick_server_from_list called with empty list")
+
+    # TODO: currently we only use the lowest-priority servers. We should maintain a
+    # cache of servers known to be "down" and filter them out
+
+    min_priority = min(s.priority for s in server_list)
+    eligible_servers = list(s for s in server_list if s.priority == min_priority)
+    total_weight = sum(s.weight for s in eligible_servers)
+    target_weight = random.randint(0, total_weight)
+
+    for s in eligible_servers:
+        target_weight -= s.weight
+
+        if target_weight <= 0:
+            return s.host, s.port
+
+    # this should be impossible.
+    raise RuntimeError(
+        "pick_server_from_list got to end of eligible server list.",
+    )
+
+
+class SrvResolver(object):
+    """Interface to the dns client to do SRV lookups, with result caching.
+
+    The default resolver in twisted.names doesn't do any caching (it has a CacheResolver,
+    but the cache never gets populated), so we add our own caching layer here.
+
+    Args:
+        dns_client (twisted.internet.interfaces.IResolver): twisted resolver impl
+        cache (dict): cache object
+        get_time (callable): clock implementation. Should return seconds since the epoch
+    """
+    def __init__(self, dns_client=client, cache=SERVER_CACHE, get_time=time.time):
+        self._dns_client = dns_client
+        self._cache = cache
+        self._get_time = get_time
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def resolve_service(self, service_name):
+        """Look up a SRV record
+
+        Args:
+            service_name (bytes): record to look up
+
+        Returns:
+            Deferred[list[Server]]:
+                a list of the SRV records, or an empty list if none found
+        """
+        now = int(self._get_time())
+
+        if not isinstance(service_name, bytes):
+            raise TypeError("%r is not a byte string" % (service_name,))
+
+        cache_entry = self._cache.get(service_name, None)
+        if cache_entry:
+            if all(s.expires > now for s in cache_entry):
+                servers = list(cache_entry)
+                defer.returnValue(servers)
+
+        try:
+            answers, _, _ = yield make_deferred_yieldable(
+                self._dns_client.lookupService(service_name),
+            )
+        except DNSNameError:
+            # TODO: cache this. We can get the SOA out of the exception, and use
+            # the negative-TTL value.
+            defer.returnValue([])
+        except DomainError as e:
+            # We failed to resolve the name (other than a NameError)
+            # Try something in the cache, else rereaise
+            cache_entry = self._cache.get(service_name, None)
+            if cache_entry:
+                logger.warn(
+                    "Failed to resolve %r, falling back to cache. %r",
+                    service_name, e
+                )
+                defer.returnValue(list(cache_entry))
+            else:
+                raise e
+
+        if (len(answers) == 1
+                and answers[0].type == dns.SRV
+                and answers[0].payload
+                and answers[0].payload.target == dns.Name(b'.')):
+            raise ConnectError("Service %s unavailable" % service_name)
+
+        servers = []
+
+        for answer in answers:
+            if answer.type != dns.SRV or not answer.payload:
+                continue
+
+            payload = answer.payload
+
+            servers.append(Server(
+                host=payload.target.name,
+                port=payload.port,
+                priority=payload.priority,
+                weight=payload.weight,
+                expires=now + answer.ttl,
+            ))
+
+        self._cache[service_name] = list(servers)
+        defer.returnValue(servers)
diff --git a/synapse/http/matrixfederationclient.py b/synapse/http/matrixfederationclient.py
index 24b6110c20..1682c9af13 100644
--- a/synapse/http/matrixfederationclient.py
+++ b/synapse/http/matrixfederationclient.py
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ import random
 import sys
 from io import BytesIO
 
-from six import PY3, string_types
+from six import PY3, raise_from, string_types
 from six.moves import urllib
 
 import attr
@@ -32,7 +32,6 @@ from twisted.internet import defer, protocol
 from twisted.internet.error import DNSLookupError
 from twisted.internet.task import _EPSILON, Cooperator
 from twisted.web._newclient import ResponseDone
-from twisted.web.client import Agent, FileBodyProducer, HTTPConnectionPool
 from twisted.web.http_headers import Headers
 
 import synapse.metrics
@@ -41,9 +40,11 @@ from synapse.api.errors import (
     Codes,
     FederationDeniedError,
     HttpResponseException,
+    RequestSendFailed,
     SynapseError,
 )
-from synapse.http.endpoint import matrix_federation_endpoint
+from synapse.http import QuieterFileBodyProducer
+from synapse.http.federation.matrix_federation_agent import MatrixFederationAgent
 from synapse.util.async_helpers import timeout_deferred
 from synapse.util.logcontext import make_deferred_yieldable
 from synapse.util.metrics import Measure
@@ -65,20 +66,6 @@ else:
     MAXINT = sys.maxint
 
 
-class MatrixFederationEndpointFactory(object):
-    def __init__(self, hs):
-        self.reactor = hs.get_reactor()
-        self.tls_client_options_factory = hs.tls_client_options_factory
-
-    def endpointForURI(self, uri):
-        destination = uri.netloc.decode('ascii')
-
-        return matrix_federation_endpoint(
-            self.reactor, destination, timeout=10,
-            tls_client_options_factory=self.tls_client_options_factory
-        )
-
-
 _next_id = 1
 
 
@@ -181,17 +168,15 @@ class MatrixFederationHttpClient(object):
             requests.
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, hs):
+    def __init__(self, hs, tls_client_options_factory):
         self.hs = hs
         self.signing_key = hs.config.signing_key[0]
         self.server_name = hs.hostname
         reactor = hs.get_reactor()
-        pool = HTTPConnectionPool(reactor)
-        pool.retryAutomatically = False
-        pool.maxPersistentPerHost = 5
-        pool.cachedConnectionTimeout = 2 * 60
-        self.agent = Agent.usingEndpointFactory(
-            reactor, MatrixFederationEndpointFactory(hs), pool=pool
+
+        self.agent = MatrixFederationAgent(
+            hs.get_reactor(),
+            tls_client_options_factory,
         )
         self.clock = hs.get_clock()
         self._store = hs.get_datastore()
@@ -228,19 +213,18 @@ class MatrixFederationHttpClient(object):
             backoff_on_404 (bool): Back off if we get a 404
 
         Returns:
-            Deferred: resolves with the http response object on success.
-
-            Fails with ``HttpResponseException``: if we get an HTTP response
-                code >= 300.
-
-            Fails with ``NotRetryingDestination`` if we are not yet ready
-                to retry this server.
-
-            Fails with ``FederationDeniedError`` if this destination
-                is not on our federation whitelist
-
-            (May also fail with plenty of other Exceptions for things like DNS
-                failures, connection failures, SSL failures.)
+            Deferred[twisted.web.client.Response]: resolves with the HTTP
+            response object on success.
+
+        Raises:
+            HttpResponseException: If we get an HTTP response code >= 300
+                (except 429).
+            NotRetryingDestination: If we are not yet ready to retry this
+                server.
+            FederationDeniedError: If this destination  is not on our
+                federation whitelist
+            RequestSendFailed: If there were problems connecting to the
+                remote, due to e.g. DNS failures, connection timeouts etc.
         """
         if timeout:
             _sec_timeout = timeout / 1000
@@ -271,7 +255,6 @@ class MatrixFederationHttpClient(object):
 
         headers_dict = {
             b"User-Agent": [self.version_string_bytes],
-            b"Host": [destination_bytes],
         }
 
         with limiter:
@@ -298,60 +281,111 @@ class MatrixFederationHttpClient(object):
                     json = request.get_json()
                     if json:
                         headers_dict[b"Content-Type"] = [b"application/json"]
-                        self.sign_request(
+                        auth_headers = self.build_auth_headers(
                             destination_bytes, method_bytes, url_to_sign_bytes,
-                            headers_dict, json,
+                            json,
                         )
                         data = encode_canonical_json(json)
-                        producer = FileBodyProducer(
+                        producer = QuieterFileBodyProducer(
                             BytesIO(data),
                             cooperator=self._cooperator,
                         )
                     else:
                         producer = None
-                        self.sign_request(
+                        auth_headers = self.build_auth_headers(
                             destination_bytes, method_bytes, url_to_sign_bytes,
-                            headers_dict,
                         )
 
+                    headers_dict[b"Authorization"] = auth_headers
+
                     logger.info(
-                        "{%s} [%s] Sending request: %s %s",
+                        "{%s} [%s] Sending request: %s %s; timeout %fs",
                         request.txn_id, request.destination, request.method,
-                        url_str,
+                        url_str, _sec_timeout,
                     )
 
-                    # we don't want all the fancy cookie and redirect handling that
-                    # treq.request gives: just use the raw Agent.
-                    request_deferred = self.agent.request(
-                        method_bytes,
-                        url_bytes,
-                        headers=Headers(headers_dict),
-                        bodyProducer=producer,
-                    )
+                    try:
+                        with Measure(self.clock, "outbound_request"):
+                            # we don't want all the fancy cookie and redirect handling
+                            # that treq.request gives: just use the raw Agent.
+                            request_deferred = self.agent.request(
+                                method_bytes,
+                                url_bytes,
+                                headers=Headers(headers_dict),
+                                bodyProducer=producer,
+                            )
+
+                            request_deferred = timeout_deferred(
+                                request_deferred,
+                                timeout=_sec_timeout,
+                                reactor=self.hs.get_reactor(),
+                            )
+
+                            response = yield request_deferred
+                    except DNSLookupError as e:
+                        raise_from(RequestSendFailed(e, can_retry=retry_on_dns_fail), e)
+                    except Exception as e:
+                        logger.info("Failed to send request: %s", e)
+                        raise_from(RequestSendFailed(e, can_retry=True), e)
 
-                    request_deferred = timeout_deferred(
-                        request_deferred,
-                        timeout=_sec_timeout,
-                        reactor=self.hs.get_reactor(),
+                    logger.info(
+                        "{%s} [%s] Got response headers: %d %s",
+                        request.txn_id,
+                        request.destination,
+                        response.code,
+                        response.phrase.decode('ascii', errors='replace'),
                     )
 
-                    with Measure(self.clock, "outbound_request"):
-                        response = yield make_deferred_yieldable(
-                            request_deferred,
+                    if 200 <= response.code < 300:
+                        pass
+                    else:
+                        # :'(
+                        # Update transactions table?
+                        d = treq.content(response)
+                        d = timeout_deferred(
+                            d,
+                            timeout=_sec_timeout,
+                            reactor=self.hs.get_reactor(),
+                        )
+
+                        try:
+                            body = yield make_deferred_yieldable(d)
+                        except Exception as e:
+                            # Eh, we're already going to raise an exception so lets
+                            # ignore if this fails.
+                            logger.warn(
+                                "{%s} [%s] Failed to get error response: %s %s: %s",
+                                request.txn_id,
+                                request.destination,
+                                request.method,
+                                url_str,
+                                _flatten_response_never_received(e),
+                            )
+                            body = None
+
+                        e = HttpResponseException(
+                            response.code, response.phrase, body
                         )
 
+                        # Retry if the error is a 429 (Too Many Requests),
+                        # otherwise just raise a standard HttpResponseException
+                        if response.code == 429:
+                            raise_from(RequestSendFailed(e, can_retry=True), e)
+                        else:
+                            raise e
+
                     break
-                except Exception as e:
+                except RequestSendFailed as e:
                     logger.warn(
                         "{%s} [%s] Request failed: %s %s: %s",
                         request.txn_id,
                         request.destination,
                         request.method,
                         url_str,
-                        _flatten_response_never_received(e),
+                        _flatten_response_never_received(e.inner_exception),
                     )
 
-                    if not retry_on_dns_fail and isinstance(e, DNSLookupError):
+                    if not e.can_retry:
                         raise
 
                     if retries_left and not timeout:
@@ -376,50 +410,36 @@ class MatrixFederationHttpClient(object):
                     else:
                         raise
 
-            logger.info(
-                "{%s} [%s] Got response headers: %d %s",
-                request.txn_id,
-                request.destination,
-                response.code,
-                response.phrase.decode('ascii', errors='replace'),
-            )
-
-            if 200 <= response.code < 300:
-                pass
-            else:
-                # :'(
-                # Update transactions table?
-                d = treq.content(response)
-                d = timeout_deferred(
-                    d,
-                    timeout=_sec_timeout,
-                    reactor=self.hs.get_reactor(),
-                )
-                body = yield make_deferred_yieldable(d)
-                raise HttpResponseException(
-                    response.code, response.phrase, body
-                )
+                except Exception as e:
+                    logger.warn(
+                        "{%s} [%s] Request failed: %s %s: %s",
+                        request.txn_id,
+                        request.destination,
+                        request.method,
+                        url_str,
+                        _flatten_response_never_received(e),
+                    )
+                    raise
 
             defer.returnValue(response)
 
-    def sign_request(self, destination, method, url_bytes, headers_dict,
-                     content=None, destination_is=None):
+    def build_auth_headers(
+        self, destination, method, url_bytes, content=None, destination_is=None,
+    ):
         """
-        Signs a request by adding an Authorization header to headers_dict
+        Builds the Authorization headers for a federation request
         Args:
             destination (bytes|None): The desination home server of the request.
                 May be None if the destination is an identity server, in which case
                 destination_is must be non-None.
             method (bytes): The HTTP method of the request
             url_bytes (bytes): The URI path of the request
-            headers_dict (dict[bytes, list[bytes]]): Dictionary of request headers to
-                append to
             content (object): The body of the request
             destination_is (bytes): As 'destination', but if the destination is an
                 identity server
 
         Returns:
-            None
+            list[bytes]: a list of headers to be added as "Authorization:" headers
         """
         request = {
             "method": method,
@@ -446,8 +466,7 @@ class MatrixFederationHttpClient(object):
                     self.server_name, key, sig,
                 )).encode('ascii')
             )
-
-        headers_dict[b"Authorization"] = auth_headers
+        return auth_headers
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def put_json(self, destination, path, args={}, data={},
@@ -477,17 +496,18 @@ class MatrixFederationHttpClient(object):
                 requests)
 
         Returns:
-            Deferred: Succeeds when we get a 2xx HTTP response. The result
-            will be the decoded JSON body.
-
-            Fails with ``HttpResponseException`` if we get an HTTP response
-            code >= 300.
-
-            Fails with ``NotRetryingDestination`` if we are not yet ready
-            to retry this server.
-
-            Fails with ``FederationDeniedError`` if this destination
-            is not on our federation whitelist
+            Deferred[dict|list]: Succeeds when we get a 2xx HTTP response. The
+            result will be the decoded JSON body.
+
+        Raises:
+            HttpResponseException: If we get an HTTP response code >= 300
+                (except 429).
+            NotRetryingDestination: If we are not yet ready to retry this
+                server.
+            FederationDeniedError: If this destination  is not on our
+                federation whitelist
+            RequestSendFailed: If there were problems connecting to the
+                remote, due to e.g. DNS failures, connection timeouts etc.
         """
 
         request = MatrixFederationRequest(
@@ -531,17 +551,18 @@ class MatrixFederationHttpClient(object):
                 try the request anyway.
             args (dict): query params
         Returns:
-            Deferred: Succeeds when we get a 2xx HTTP response. The result
-            will be the decoded JSON body.
-
-            Fails with ``HttpResponseException`` if we get an HTTP response
-            code >= 300.
-
-            Fails with ``NotRetryingDestination`` if we are not yet ready
-            to retry this server.
-
-            Fails with ``FederationDeniedError`` if this destination
-            is not on our federation whitelist
+            Deferred[dict|list]: Succeeds when we get a 2xx HTTP response. The
+            result will be the decoded JSON body.
+
+        Raises:
+            HttpResponseException: If we get an HTTP response code >= 300
+                (except 429).
+            NotRetryingDestination: If we are not yet ready to retry this
+                server.
+            FederationDeniedError: If this destination  is not on our
+                federation whitelist
+            RequestSendFailed: If there were problems connecting to the
+                remote, due to e.g. DNS failures, connection timeouts etc.
         """
 
         request = MatrixFederationRequest(
@@ -586,17 +607,18 @@ class MatrixFederationHttpClient(object):
             ignore_backoff (bool): true to ignore the historical backoff data
                 and try the request anyway.
         Returns:
-            Deferred: Succeeds when we get a 2xx HTTP response. The result
-            will be the decoded JSON body.
-
-            Fails with ``HttpResponseException`` if we get an HTTP response
-            code >= 300.
-
-            Fails with ``NotRetryingDestination`` if we are not yet ready
-            to retry this server.
-
-            Fails with ``FederationDeniedError`` if this destination
-            is not on our federation whitelist
+            Deferred[dict|list]: Succeeds when we get a 2xx HTTP response. The
+            result will be the decoded JSON body.
+
+        Raises:
+            HttpResponseException: If we get an HTTP response code >= 300
+                (except 429).
+            NotRetryingDestination: If we are not yet ready to retry this
+                server.
+            FederationDeniedError: If this destination  is not on our
+                federation whitelist
+            RequestSendFailed: If there were problems connecting to the
+                remote, due to e.g. DNS failures, connection timeouts etc.
         """
         logger.debug("get_json args: %s", args)
 
@@ -637,17 +659,18 @@ class MatrixFederationHttpClient(object):
             ignore_backoff (bool): true to ignore the historical backoff data and
                 try the request anyway.
         Returns:
-            Deferred: Succeeds when we get a 2xx HTTP response. The result
-            will be the decoded JSON body.
-
-            Fails with ``HttpResponseException`` if we get an HTTP response
-            code >= 300.
-
-            Fails with ``NotRetryingDestination`` if we are not yet ready
-            to retry this server.
-
-            Fails with ``FederationDeniedError`` if this destination
-            is not on our federation whitelist
+            Deferred[dict|list]: Succeeds when we get a 2xx HTTP response. The
+            result will be the decoded JSON body.
+
+        Raises:
+            HttpResponseException: If we get an HTTP response code >= 300
+                (except 429).
+            NotRetryingDestination: If we are not yet ready to retry this
+                server.
+            FederationDeniedError: If this destination  is not on our
+                federation whitelist
+            RequestSendFailed: If there were problems connecting to the
+                remote, due to e.g. DNS failures, connection timeouts etc.
         """
         request = MatrixFederationRequest(
             method="DELETE",
@@ -680,18 +703,20 @@ class MatrixFederationHttpClient(object):
             args (dict): Optional dictionary used to create the query string.
             ignore_backoff (bool): true to ignore the historical backoff data
                 and try the request anyway.
-        Returns:
-            Deferred: resolves with an (int,dict) tuple of the file length and
-            a dict of the response headers.
-
-            Fails with ``HttpResponseException`` if we get an HTTP response code
-            >= 300
-
-            Fails with ``NotRetryingDestination`` if we are not yet ready
-            to retry this server.
 
-            Fails with ``FederationDeniedError`` if this destination
-            is not on our federation whitelist
+        Returns:
+            Deferred[tuple[int, dict]]: Resolves with an (int,dict) tuple of
+            the file length and a dict of the response headers.
+
+        Raises:
+            HttpResponseException: If we get an HTTP response code >= 300
+                (except 429).
+            NotRetryingDestination: If we are not yet ready to retry this
+                server.
+            FederationDeniedError: If this destination  is not on our
+                federation whitelist
+            RequestSendFailed: If there were problems connecting to the
+                remote, due to e.g. DNS failures, connection timeouts etc.
         """
         request = MatrixFederationRequest(
             method="GET",
@@ -784,21 +809,21 @@ def check_content_type_is_json(headers):
         headers (twisted.web.http_headers.Headers): headers to check
 
     Raises:
-        RuntimeError if the
+        RequestSendFailed: if the Content-Type header is missing or isn't JSON
 
     """
     c_type = headers.getRawHeaders(b"Content-Type")
     if c_type is None:
-        raise RuntimeError(
+        raise RequestSendFailed(RuntimeError(
             "No Content-Type header"
-        )
+        ), can_retry=False)
 
     c_type = c_type[0].decode('ascii')  # only the first header
     val, options = cgi.parse_header(c_type)
     if val != "application/json":
-        raise RuntimeError(
+        raise RequestSendFailed(RuntimeError(
             "Content-Type not application/json: was '%s'" % c_type
-        )
+        ), can_retry=False)
 
 
 def encode_query_args(args):
diff --git a/synapse/http/server.py b/synapse/http/server.py
index 6a427d96a6..6c67a25a11 100644
--- a/synapse/http/server.py
+++ b/synapse/http/server.py
@@ -106,10 +106,10 @@ def wrap_json_request_handler(h):
             # trace.
             f = failure.Failure()
             logger.error(
-                "Failed handle request via %r: %r: %s",
-                h,
+                "Failed handle request via %r: %r",
+                request.request_metrics.name,
                 request,
-                f.getTraceback().rstrip(),
+                exc_info=(f.type, f.value, f.getTracebackObject()),
             )
             # Only respond with an error response if we haven't already started
             # writing, otherwise lets just kill the connection
diff --git a/synapse/metrics/__init__.py b/synapse/metrics/__init__.py
index 59900aa5d1..ef48984fdd 100644
--- a/synapse/metrics/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/metrics/__init__.py
@@ -274,8 +274,6 @@ pending_calls_metric = Histogram(
 # Federation Metrics
 #
 
-sent_edus_counter = Counter("synapse_federation_client_sent_edus", "")
-
 sent_transactions_counter = Counter("synapse_federation_client_sent_transactions", "")
 
 events_processed_counter = Counter("synapse_federation_client_events_processed", "")
diff --git a/synapse/module_api/__init__.py b/synapse/module_api/__init__.py
index 097c844d31..fc9a20ff59 100644
--- a/synapse/module_api/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/module_api/__init__.py
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ class ModuleApi(object):
         Returns:
             Deferred: a 2-tuple of (user_id, access_token)
         """
-        reg = self.hs.get_handlers().registration_handler
+        reg = self.hs.get_registration_handler()
         return reg.register(localpart=localpart)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
diff --git a/synapse/push/clientformat.py b/synapse/push/clientformat.py
index ecbf364a5e..8bd96b1178 100644
--- a/synapse/push/clientformat.py
+++ b/synapse/push/clientformat.py
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ def _rule_to_template(rule):
         templaterule["pattern"] = thecond["pattern"]
 
     if unscoped_rule_id:
-            templaterule['rule_id'] = unscoped_rule_id
+        templaterule['rule_id'] = unscoped_rule_id
     if 'default' in rule:
         templaterule['default'] = rule['default']
     return templaterule
diff --git a/synapse/push/httppusher.py b/synapse/push/httppusher.py
index 87fa7f006a..98d8d9560b 100644
--- a/synapse/push/httppusher.py
+++ b/synapse/push/httppusher.py
@@ -333,10 +333,10 @@ class HttpPusher(object):
             defer.returnValue([])
         try:
             resp = yield self.http_client.post_json_get_json(self.url, notification_dict)
-        except Exception:
-            logger.warn(
-                "Failed to push event %s to %s",
-                event.event_id, self.name, exc_info=True,
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.warning(
+                "Failed to push event %s to %s: %s %s",
+                event.event_id, self.name, type(e), e,
             )
             defer.returnValue(False)
         rejected = []
@@ -367,10 +367,10 @@ class HttpPusher(object):
         }
         try:
             resp = yield self.http_client.post_json_get_json(self.url, d)
-        except Exception:
-            logger.warn(
-                "Failed to send badge count to %s",
-                self.name, exc_info=True,
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.warning(
+                "Failed to send badge count to %s: %s %s",
+                self.name, type(e), e,
             )
             defer.returnValue(False)
         rejected = []
diff --git a/synapse/push/pusher.py b/synapse/push/pusher.py
index fcee6d9d7e..368d5094be 100644
--- a/synapse/push/pusher.py
+++ b/synapse/push/pusher.py
@@ -52,11 +52,12 @@ class PusherFactory(object):
             logger.info("defined email pusher type")
 
     def create_pusher(self, pusherdict):
-        logger.info("trying to create_pusher for %r", pusherdict)
-
-        if pusherdict['kind'] in self.pusher_types:
-            logger.info("found pusher")
-            return self.pusher_types[pusherdict['kind']](self.hs, pusherdict)
+        kind = pusherdict['kind']
+        f = self.pusher_types.get(kind, None)
+        if not f:
+            return None
+        logger.info("creating %s pusher for %r", kind, pusherdict)
+        return f(self.hs, pusherdict)
 
     def _create_email_pusher(self, _hs, pusherdict):
         app_name = self._app_name_from_pusherdict(pusherdict)
diff --git a/synapse/python_dependencies.py b/synapse/python_dependencies.py
index ca62ee7637..f71e21ff4d 100644
--- a/synapse/python_dependencies.py
+++ b/synapse/python_dependencies.py
@@ -15,176 +15,153 @@
 # limitations under the License.
 
 import logging
-from distutils.version import LooseVersion
+
+from pkg_resources import DistributionNotFound, VersionConflict, get_distribution
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
-# this dict maps from python package name to a list of modules we expect it to
-# provide.
-#
-# the key is a "requirement specifier", as used as a parameter to `pip
-# install`[1], or an `install_requires` argument to `setuptools.setup` [2].
+
+# REQUIREMENTS is a simple list of requirement specifiers[1], and must be
+# installed. It is passed to setup() as install_requires in setup.py.
 #
-# the value is a sequence of strings; each entry should be the name of the
-# python module, optionally followed by a version assertion which can be either
-# ">=<ver>" or "==<ver>".
+# CONDITIONAL_REQUIREMENTS is the optional dependencies, represented as a dict
+# of lists. The dict key is the optional dependency name and can be passed to
+# pip when installing. The list is a series of requirement specifiers[1] to be
+# installed when that optional dependency requirement is specified. It is passed
+# to setup() as extras_require in setup.py
 #
 # [1] https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/reference/pip_install/#requirement-specifiers.
-# [2] https://setuptools.readthedocs.io/en/latest/setuptools.html#declaring-dependencies
-REQUIREMENTS = {
-    "jsonschema>=2.5.1": ["jsonschema>=2.5.1"],
-    "frozendict>=1": ["frozendict"],
-    "unpaddedbase64>=1.1.0": ["unpaddedbase64>=1.1.0"],
-    "canonicaljson>=1.1.3": ["canonicaljson>=1.1.3"],
-    "signedjson>=1.0.0": ["signedjson>=1.0.0"],
-    "pynacl>=1.2.1": ["nacl>=1.2.1", "nacl.bindings"],
-    "service_identity>=16.0.0": ["service_identity>=16.0.0"],
-    "Twisted>=17.1.0": ["twisted>=17.1.0"],
-    "treq>=15.1": ["treq>=15.1"],
 
-    # Twisted has required pyopenssl 16.0 since about Twisted 16.6.
-    "pyopenssl>=16.0.0": ["OpenSSL>=16.0.0"],
-
-    "pyyaml>=3.11": ["yaml"],
-    "pyasn1>=0.1.9": ["pyasn1"],
-    "pyasn1-modules>=0.0.7": ["pyasn1_modules"],
-    "daemonize>=2.3.1": ["daemonize"],
-    "bcrypt>=3.1.0": ["bcrypt>=3.1.0"],
-    "pillow>=3.1.2": ["PIL"],
-    "sortedcontainers>=1.4.4": ["sortedcontainers"],
-    "psutil>=2.0.0": ["psutil>=2.0.0"],
-    "pysaml2>=3.0.0": ["saml2"],
-    "pymacaroons-pynacl>=0.9.3": ["pymacaroons"],
-    "msgpack-python>=0.4.2": ["msgpack"],
-    "phonenumbers>=8.2.0": ["phonenumbers"],
-    "six>=1.10": ["six"],
+REQUIREMENTS = [
+    "jsonschema>=2.5.1",
+    "frozendict>=1",
+    "unpaddedbase64>=1.1.0",
+    "canonicaljson>=1.1.3",
+    "signedjson>=1.0.0",
+    "pynacl>=1.2.1",
+    "service_identity>=16.0.0",
+
+    # our logcontext handling relies on the ability to cancel inlineCallbacks
+    # (https://twistedmatrix.com/trac/ticket/4632) which landed in Twisted 18.7.
+    "Twisted>=18.7.0",
 
+    "treq>=15.1",
+    # Twisted has required pyopenssl 16.0 since about Twisted 16.6.
+    "pyopenssl>=16.0.0",
+    "pyyaml>=3.11",
+    "pyasn1>=0.1.9",
+    "pyasn1-modules>=0.0.7",
+    "daemonize>=2.3.1",
+    "bcrypt>=3.1.0",
+    "pillow>=3.1.2",
+    "sortedcontainers>=1.4.4",
+    "psutil>=2.0.0",
+    "pymacaroons>=0.13.0",
+    "msgpack>=0.5.0",
+    "phonenumbers>=8.2.0",
+    "six>=1.10",
     # prometheus_client 0.4.0 changed the format of counter metrics
     # (cf https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/4001)
-    "prometheus_client>=0.0.18,<0.4.0": ["prometheus_client"],
+    "prometheus_client>=0.0.18,<0.4.0",
 
     # we use attr.s(slots), which arrived in 16.0.0
-    "attrs>=16.0.0": ["attr>=16.0.0"],
-    "netaddr>=0.7.18": ["netaddr"],
-}
-
-CONDITIONAL_REQUIREMENTS = {
-    "web_client": {
-        "matrix_angular_sdk>=0.6.8": ["syweb>=0.6.8"],
-    },
-    "email.enable_notifs": {
-        "Jinja2>=2.8": ["Jinja2>=2.8"],
-        "bleach>=1.4.2": ["bleach>=1.4.2"],
-    },
-    "matrix-synapse-ldap3": {
-        "matrix-synapse-ldap3>=0.1": ["ldap_auth_provider"],
-    },
-    "postgres": {
-        "psycopg2>=2.6": ["psycopg2"]
-    }
-}
+    # Twisted 18.7.0 requires attrs>=17.4.0
+    "attrs>=17.4.0",
 
+    "netaddr>=0.7.18",
+]
 
-def requirements(config=None, include_conditional=False):
-    reqs = REQUIREMENTS.copy()
-    if include_conditional:
-        for _, req in CONDITIONAL_REQUIREMENTS.items():
-            reqs.update(req)
-    return reqs
-
+CONDITIONAL_REQUIREMENTS = {
+    "email.enable_notifs": ["Jinja2>=2.9", "bleach>=1.4.2"],
+    "matrix-synapse-ldap3": ["matrix-synapse-ldap3>=0.1"],
+    "postgres": ["psycopg2>=2.6"],
 
-def github_link(project, version, egg):
-    return "https://github.com/%s/tarball/%s/#egg=%s" % (project, version, egg)
+    # ConsentResource uses select_autoescape, which arrived in jinja 2.9
+    "resources.consent": ["Jinja2>=2.9"],
 
+    # ACME support is required to provision TLS certificates from authorities
+    # that use the protocol, such as Let's Encrypt.
+    "acme": ["txacme>=0.9.2"],
 
-DEPENDENCY_LINKS = {
+    "saml2": ["pysaml2>=4.5.0"],
+    "url_preview": ["lxml>=3.5.0"],
+    "test": ["mock>=2.0", "parameterized"],
+    "sentry": ["sentry-sdk>=0.7.2"],
 }
 
 
-class MissingRequirementError(Exception):
-    def __init__(self, message, module_name, dependency):
-        super(MissingRequirementError, self).__init__(message)
-        self.module_name = module_name
-        self.dependency = dependency
-
-
-def check_requirements(config=None):
-    """Checks that all the modules needed by synapse have been correctly
-    installed and are at the correct version"""
-    for dependency, module_requirements in (
-            requirements(config, include_conditional=False).items()):
-        for module_requirement in module_requirements:
-            if ">=" in module_requirement:
-                module_name, required_version = module_requirement.split(">=")
-                version_test = ">="
-            elif "==" in module_requirement:
-                module_name, required_version = module_requirement.split("==")
-                version_test = "=="
-            else:
-                module_name = module_requirement
-                version_test = None
+def list_requirements():
+    deps = set(REQUIREMENTS)
+    for opt in CONDITIONAL_REQUIREMENTS.values():
+        deps = set(opt) | deps
+
+    return list(deps)
+
+
+class DependencyException(Exception):
+    @property
+    def message(self):
+        return "\n".join([
+            "Missing Requirements: %s" % (", ".join(self.dependencies),),
+            "To install run:",
+            "    pip install --upgrade --force %s" % (" ".join(self.dependencies),),
+            "",
+        ])
+
+    @property
+    def dependencies(self):
+        for i in self.args[0]:
+            yield '"' + i + '"'
+
+
+def check_requirements(for_feature=None, _get_distribution=get_distribution):
+    deps_needed = []
+    errors = []
+
+    if for_feature:
+        reqs = CONDITIONAL_REQUIREMENTS[for_feature]
+    else:
+        reqs = REQUIREMENTS
+
+    for dependency in reqs:
+        try:
+            _get_distribution(dependency)
+        except VersionConflict as e:
+            deps_needed.append(dependency)
+            errors.append(
+                "Needed %s, got %s==%s"
+                % (dependency, e.dist.project_name, e.dist.version)
+            )
+        except DistributionNotFound:
+            deps_needed.append(dependency)
+            errors.append("Needed %s but it was not installed" % (dependency,))
+
+    if not for_feature:
+        # Check the optional dependencies are up to date. We allow them to not be
+        # installed.
+        OPTS = sum(CONDITIONAL_REQUIREMENTS.values(), [])
 
+        for dependency in OPTS:
             try:
-                module = __import__(module_name)
-            except ImportError:
-                logging.exception(
-                    "Can't import %r which is part of %r",
-                    module_name, dependency
+                _get_distribution(dependency)
+            except VersionConflict as e:
+                deps_needed.append(dependency)
+                errors.append(
+                    "Needed optional %s, got %s==%s"
+                    % (dependency, e.dist.project_name, e.dist.version)
                 )
-                raise MissingRequirementError(
-                    "Can't import %r which is part of %r"
-                    % (module_name, dependency), module_name, dependency
-                )
-            version = getattr(module, "__version__", None)
-            file_path = getattr(module, "__file__", None)
-            logger.info(
-                "Using %r version %r from %r to satisfy %r",
-                module_name, version, file_path, dependency
-            )
+            except DistributionNotFound:
+                # If it's not found, we don't care
+                pass
 
-            if version_test == ">=":
-                if version is None:
-                    raise MissingRequirementError(
-                        "Version of %r isn't set as __version__ of module %r"
-                        % (dependency, module_name), module_name, dependency
-                    )
-                if LooseVersion(version) < LooseVersion(required_version):
-                    raise MissingRequirementError(
-                        "Version of %r in %r is too old. %r < %r"
-                        % (dependency, file_path, version, required_version),
-                        module_name, dependency
-                    )
-            elif version_test == "==":
-                if version is None:
-                    raise MissingRequirementError(
-                        "Version of %r isn't set as __version__ of module %r"
-                        % (dependency, module_name), module_name, dependency
-                    )
-                if LooseVersion(version) != LooseVersion(required_version):
-                    raise MissingRequirementError(
-                        "Unexpected version of %r in %r. %r != %r"
-                        % (dependency, file_path, version, required_version),
-                        module_name, dependency
-                    )
+    if deps_needed:
+        for e in errors:
+            logging.error(e)
 
-
-def list_requirements():
-    result = []
-    linked = []
-    for link in DEPENDENCY_LINKS.values():
-        egg = link.split("#egg=")[1]
-        linked.append(egg.split('-')[0])
-        result.append(link)
-    for requirement in requirements(include_conditional=True):
-        is_linked = False
-        for link in linked:
-            if requirement.replace('-', '_').startswith(link):
-                is_linked = True
-        if not is_linked:
-            result.append(requirement)
-    return result
+        raise DependencyException(deps_needed)
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     import sys
+
     sys.stdout.writelines(req + "\n" for req in list_requirements())
diff --git a/synapse/replication/http/__init__.py b/synapse/replication/http/__init__.py
index 19f214281e..81b85352b1 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/http/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/http/__init__.py
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 # limitations under the License.
 
 from synapse.http.server import JsonResource
-from synapse.replication.http import federation, membership, send_event
+from synapse.replication.http import federation, login, membership, register, send_event
 
 REPLICATION_PREFIX = "/_synapse/replication"
 
@@ -28,3 +28,5 @@ class ReplicationRestResource(JsonResource):
         send_event.register_servlets(hs, self)
         membership.register_servlets(hs, self)
         federation.register_servlets(hs, self)
+        login.register_servlets(hs, self)
+        register.register_servlets(hs, self)
diff --git a/synapse/replication/http/_base.py b/synapse/replication/http/_base.py
index 5e5376cf58..e81456ab2b 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/http/_base.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/http/_base.py
@@ -127,7 +127,10 @@ class ReplicationEndpoint(object):
         def send_request(**kwargs):
             data = yield cls._serialize_payload(**kwargs)
 
-            url_args = [urllib.parse.quote(kwargs[name]) for name in cls.PATH_ARGS]
+            url_args = [
+                urllib.parse.quote(kwargs[name], safe='')
+                for name in cls.PATH_ARGS
+            ]
 
             if cls.CACHE:
                 txn_id = random_string(10)
diff --git a/synapse/replication/http/federation.py b/synapse/replication/http/federation.py
index 64a79da162..0f0a07c422 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/http/federation.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/http/federation.py
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ import logging
 
 from twisted.internet import defer
 
-from synapse.events import FrozenEvent
+from synapse.events import event_type_from_format_version
 from synapse.events.snapshot import EventContext
 from synapse.http.servlet import parse_json_object_from_request
 from synapse.replication.http._base import ReplicationEndpoint
@@ -70,6 +70,7 @@ class ReplicationFederationSendEventsRestServlet(ReplicationEndpoint):
 
             event_payloads.append({
                 "event": event.get_pdu_json(),
+                "event_format_version": event.format_version,
                 "internal_metadata": event.internal_metadata.get_dict(),
                 "rejected_reason": event.rejected_reason,
                 "context": serialized_context,
@@ -94,9 +95,12 @@ class ReplicationFederationSendEventsRestServlet(ReplicationEndpoint):
             event_and_contexts = []
             for event_payload in event_payloads:
                 event_dict = event_payload["event"]
+                format_ver = event_payload["event_format_version"]
                 internal_metadata = event_payload["internal_metadata"]
                 rejected_reason = event_payload["rejected_reason"]
-                event = FrozenEvent(event_dict, internal_metadata, rejected_reason)
+
+                EventType = event_type_from_format_version(format_ver)
+                event = EventType(event_dict, internal_metadata, rejected_reason)
 
                 context = yield EventContext.deserialize(
                     self.store, event_payload["context"],
diff --git a/synapse/replication/http/login.py b/synapse/replication/http/login.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..63bc0405ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/replication/http/login.py
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+import logging
+
+from twisted.internet import defer
+
+from synapse.http.servlet import parse_json_object_from_request
+from synapse.replication.http._base import ReplicationEndpoint
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class RegisterDeviceReplicationServlet(ReplicationEndpoint):
+    """Ensure a device is registered, generating a new access token for the
+    device.
+
+    Used during registration and login.
+    """
+
+    NAME = "device_check_registered"
+    PATH_ARGS = ("user_id",)
+
+    def __init__(self, hs):
+        super(RegisterDeviceReplicationServlet, self).__init__(hs)
+        self.registration_handler = hs.get_registration_handler()
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _serialize_payload(user_id, device_id, initial_display_name, is_guest):
+        """
+        Args:
+            device_id (str|None): Device ID to use, if None a new one is
+                generated.
+            initial_display_name (str|None)
+            is_guest (bool)
+        """
+        return {
+            "device_id": device_id,
+            "initial_display_name": initial_display_name,
+            "is_guest": is_guest,
+        }
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def _handle_request(self, request, user_id):
+        content = parse_json_object_from_request(request)
+
+        device_id = content["device_id"]
+        initial_display_name = content["initial_display_name"]
+        is_guest = content["is_guest"]
+
+        device_id, access_token = yield self.registration_handler.register_device(
+            user_id, device_id, initial_display_name, is_guest,
+        )
+
+        defer.returnValue((200, {
+            "device_id": device_id,
+            "access_token": access_token,
+        }))
+
+
+def register_servlets(hs, http_server):
+    RegisterDeviceReplicationServlet(hs).register(http_server)
diff --git a/synapse/replication/http/membership.py b/synapse/replication/http/membership.py
index e58bebf12a..81a2b204c7 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/http/membership.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/http/membership.py
@@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ class ReplicationRegister3PIDGuestRestServlet(ReplicationEndpoint):
     def __init__(self, hs):
         super(ReplicationRegister3PIDGuestRestServlet, self).__init__(hs)
 
-        self.registeration_handler = hs.get_handlers().registration_handler
+        self.registeration_handler = hs.get_registration_handler()
         self.store = hs.get_datastore()
         self.clock = hs.get_clock()
 
@@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ class ReplicationUserJoinedLeftRoomRestServlet(ReplicationEndpoint):
     def __init__(self, hs):
         super(ReplicationUserJoinedLeftRoomRestServlet, self).__init__(hs)
 
-        self.registeration_handler = hs.get_handlers().registration_handler
+        self.registeration_handler = hs.get_registration_handler()
         self.store = hs.get_datastore()
         self.clock = hs.get_clock()
         self.distributor = hs.get_distributor()
diff --git a/synapse/replication/http/register.py b/synapse/replication/http/register.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1d27c9221f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/replication/http/register.py
@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+import logging
+
+from twisted.internet import defer
+
+from synapse.http.servlet import parse_json_object_from_request
+from synapse.replication.http._base import ReplicationEndpoint
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class ReplicationRegisterServlet(ReplicationEndpoint):
+    """Register a new user
+    """
+
+    NAME = "register_user"
+    PATH_ARGS = ("user_id",)
+
+    def __init__(self, hs):
+        super(ReplicationRegisterServlet, self).__init__(hs)
+        self.store = hs.get_datastore()
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _serialize_payload(
+        user_id, token, password_hash, was_guest, make_guest, appservice_id,
+        create_profile_with_displayname, admin, user_type,
+    ):
+        """
+        Args:
+            user_id (str): The desired user ID to register.
+            token (str): The desired access token to use for this user. If this
+                is not None, the given access token is associated with the user
+                id.
+            password_hash (str|None): Optional. The password hash for this user.
+            was_guest (bool): Optional. Whether this is a guest account being
+                upgraded to a non-guest account.
+            make_guest (boolean): True if the the new user should be guest,
+                false to add a regular user account.
+            appservice_id (str|None): The ID of the appservice registering the user.
+            create_profile_with_displayname (unicode|None): Optionally create a
+                profile for the user, setting their displayname to the given value
+            admin (boolean): is an admin user?
+            user_type (str|None): type of user. One of the values from
+                api.constants.UserTypes, or None for a normal user.
+        """
+        return {
+            "token": token,
+            "password_hash": password_hash,
+            "was_guest": was_guest,
+            "make_guest": make_guest,
+            "appservice_id": appservice_id,
+            "create_profile_with_displayname": create_profile_with_displayname,
+            "admin": admin,
+            "user_type": user_type,
+        }
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def _handle_request(self, request, user_id):
+        content = parse_json_object_from_request(request)
+
+        yield self.store.register(
+            user_id=user_id,
+            token=content["token"],
+            password_hash=content["password_hash"],
+            was_guest=content["was_guest"],
+            make_guest=content["make_guest"],
+            appservice_id=content["appservice_id"],
+            create_profile_with_displayname=content["create_profile_with_displayname"],
+            admin=content["admin"],
+            user_type=content["user_type"],
+        )
+
+        defer.returnValue((200, {}))
+
+
+class ReplicationPostRegisterActionsServlet(ReplicationEndpoint):
+    """Run any post registration actions
+    """
+
+    NAME = "post_register"
+    PATH_ARGS = ("user_id",)
+
+    def __init__(self, hs):
+        super(ReplicationPostRegisterActionsServlet, self).__init__(hs)
+        self.store = hs.get_datastore()
+        self.registration_handler = hs.get_registration_handler()
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _serialize_payload(user_id, auth_result, access_token, bind_email,
+                           bind_msisdn):
+        """
+        Args:
+            user_id (str): The user ID that consented
+            auth_result (dict): The authenticated credentials of the newly
+                registered user.
+            access_token (str|None): The access token of the newly logged in
+                device, or None if `inhibit_login` enabled.
+            bind_email (bool): Whether to bind the email with the identity
+                server
+            bind_msisdn (bool): Whether to bind the msisdn with the identity
+                server
+        """
+        return {
+            "auth_result": auth_result,
+            "access_token": access_token,
+            "bind_email": bind_email,
+            "bind_msisdn": bind_msisdn,
+        }
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def _handle_request(self, request, user_id):
+        content = parse_json_object_from_request(request)
+
+        auth_result = content["auth_result"]
+        access_token = content["access_token"]
+        bind_email = content["bind_email"]
+        bind_msisdn = content["bind_msisdn"]
+
+        yield self.registration_handler.post_registration_actions(
+            user_id=user_id,
+            auth_result=auth_result,
+            access_token=access_token,
+            bind_email=bind_email,
+            bind_msisdn=bind_msisdn,
+        )
+
+        defer.returnValue((200, {}))
+
+
+def register_servlets(hs, http_server):
+    ReplicationRegisterServlet(hs).register(http_server)
+    ReplicationPostRegisterActionsServlet(hs).register(http_server)
diff --git a/synapse/replication/http/send_event.py b/synapse/replication/http/send_event.py
index 5b52c91650..3635015eda 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/http/send_event.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/http/send_event.py
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ import logging
 
 from twisted.internet import defer
 
-from synapse.events import FrozenEvent
+from synapse.events import event_type_from_format_version
 from synapse.events.snapshot import EventContext
 from synapse.http.servlet import parse_json_object_from_request
 from synapse.replication.http._base import ReplicationEndpoint
@@ -74,6 +74,7 @@ class ReplicationSendEventRestServlet(ReplicationEndpoint):
 
         payload = {
             "event": event.get_pdu_json(),
+            "event_format_version": event.format_version,
             "internal_metadata": event.internal_metadata.get_dict(),
             "rejected_reason": event.rejected_reason,
             "context": serialized_context,
@@ -90,9 +91,12 @@ class ReplicationSendEventRestServlet(ReplicationEndpoint):
             content = parse_json_object_from_request(request)
 
             event_dict = content["event"]
+            format_ver = content["event_format_version"]
             internal_metadata = content["internal_metadata"]
             rejected_reason = content["rejected_reason"]
-            event = FrozenEvent(event_dict, internal_metadata, rejected_reason)
+
+            EventType = event_type_from_format_version(format_ver)
+            event = EventType(event_dict, internal_metadata, rejected_reason)
 
             requester = Requester.deserialize(self.store, content["requester"])
             context = yield EventContext.deserialize(self.store, content["context"])
diff --git a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/_base.py b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/_base.py
index 2d81d49e9a..1353a32d00 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/_base.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/_base.py
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ import logging
 
 import six
 
-from synapse.storage._base import SQLBaseStore
+from synapse.storage._base import _CURRENT_STATE_CACHE_NAME, SQLBaseStore
 from synapse.storage.engines import PostgresEngine
 
 from ._slaved_id_tracker import SlavedIdTracker
@@ -54,12 +54,17 @@ class BaseSlavedStore(SQLBaseStore):
         if stream_name == "caches":
             self._cache_id_gen.advance(token)
             for row in rows:
-                try:
-                    getattr(self, row.cache_func).invalidate(tuple(row.keys))
-                except AttributeError:
-                    # We probably haven't pulled in the cache in this worker,
-                    # which is fine.
-                    pass
+                if row.cache_func == _CURRENT_STATE_CACHE_NAME:
+                    room_id = row.keys[0]
+                    members_changed = set(row.keys[1:])
+                    self._invalidate_state_caches(room_id, members_changed)
+                else:
+                    try:
+                        getattr(self, row.cache_func).invalidate(tuple(row.keys))
+                    except AttributeError:
+                        # We probably haven't pulled in the cache in this worker,
+                        # which is fine.
+                        pass
 
     def _invalidate_cache_and_stream(self, txn, cache_func, keys):
         txn.call_after(cache_func.invalidate, keys)
diff --git a/synapse/rest/__init__.py b/synapse/rest/__init__.py
index 5f35c2d1be..91f5247d52 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/__init__.py
@@ -14,8 +14,6 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
-from six import PY3
-
 from synapse.http.server import JsonResource
 from synapse.rest.client import versions
 from synapse.rest.client.v1 import (
@@ -36,6 +34,7 @@ from synapse.rest.client.v2_alpha import (
     account,
     account_data,
     auth,
+    capabilities,
     devices,
     filter,
     groups,
@@ -56,11 +55,6 @@ from synapse.rest.client.v2_alpha import (
     user_directory,
 )
 
-if not PY3:
-    from synapse.rest.client.v1_only import (
-        register as v1_register,
-    )
-
 
 class ClientRestResource(JsonResource):
     """A resource for version 1 of the matrix client API."""
@@ -73,10 +67,6 @@ class ClientRestResource(JsonResource):
     def register_servlets(client_resource, hs):
         versions.register_servlets(client_resource)
 
-        if not PY3:
-            # "v1" (Python 2 only)
-            v1_register.register_servlets(hs, client_resource)
-
         # Deprecated in r0
         initial_sync.register_servlets(hs, client_resource)
         room.register_deprecated_servlets(hs, client_resource)
@@ -118,3 +108,4 @@ class ClientRestResource(JsonResource):
         user_directory.register_servlets(hs, client_resource)
         groups.register_servlets(hs, client_resource)
         room_upgrade_rest_servlet.register_servlets(hs, client_resource)
+        capabilities.register_servlets(hs, client_resource)
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v1/admin.py b/synapse/rest/client/v1/admin.py
index 41534b8c2a..82433a2aa9 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v1/admin.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v1/admin.py
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ from six.moves import http_client
 
 from twisted.internet import defer
 
-from synapse.api.constants import Membership
+from synapse.api.constants import Membership, UserTypes
 from synapse.api.errors import AuthError, Codes, NotFoundError, SynapseError
 from synapse.http.servlet import (
     assert_params_in_dict,
@@ -158,6 +158,11 @@ class UserRegisterServlet(ClientV1RestServlet):
                 raise SynapseError(400, "Invalid password")
 
         admin = body.get("admin", None)
+        user_type = body.get("user_type", None)
+
+        if user_type is not None and user_type not in UserTypes.ALL_USER_TYPES:
+            raise SynapseError(400, "Invalid user type")
+
         got_mac = body["mac"]
 
         want_mac = hmac.new(
@@ -171,6 +176,9 @@ class UserRegisterServlet(ClientV1RestServlet):
         want_mac.update(password)
         want_mac.update(b"\x00")
         want_mac.update(b"admin" if admin else b"notadmin")
+        if user_type:
+            want_mac.update(b"\x00")
+            want_mac.update(user_type.encode('utf8'))
         want_mac = want_mac.hexdigest()
 
         if not hmac.compare_digest(
@@ -189,6 +197,7 @@ class UserRegisterServlet(ClientV1RestServlet):
             password=body["password"],
             admin=bool(admin),
             generate_token=False,
+            user_type=user_type,
         )
 
         result = yield register._create_registration_details(user_id, body)
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v1/login.py b/synapse/rest/client/v1/login.py
index f6b4a85e40..6121c5b6df 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v1/login.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v1/login.py
@@ -18,17 +18,18 @@ import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
 
 from six.moves import urllib
 
-from canonicaljson import json
-from saml2 import BINDING_HTTP_POST, config
-from saml2.client import Saml2Client
-
 from twisted.internet import defer
 from twisted.web.client import PartialDownloadError
 
 from synapse.api.errors import Codes, LoginError, SynapseError
 from synapse.http.server import finish_request
-from synapse.http.servlet import RestServlet, parse_json_object_from_request
-from synapse.types import UserID
+from synapse.http.servlet import (
+    RestServlet,
+    parse_json_object_from_request,
+    parse_string,
+)
+from synapse.rest.well_known import WellKnownBuilder
+from synapse.types import UserID, map_username_to_mxid_localpart
 from synapse.util.msisdn import phone_number_to_msisdn
 
 from .base import ClientV1RestServlet, client_path_patterns
@@ -81,7 +82,6 @@ def login_id_thirdparty_from_phone(identifier):
 
 class LoginRestServlet(ClientV1RestServlet):
     PATTERNS = client_path_patterns("/login$")
-    SAML2_TYPE = "m.login.saml2"
     CAS_TYPE = "m.login.cas"
     SSO_TYPE = "m.login.sso"
     TOKEN_TYPE = "m.login.token"
@@ -89,22 +89,19 @@ class LoginRestServlet(ClientV1RestServlet):
 
     def __init__(self, hs):
         super(LoginRestServlet, self).__init__(hs)
-        self.idp_redirect_url = hs.config.saml2_idp_redirect_url
-        self.saml2_enabled = hs.config.saml2_enabled
         self.jwt_enabled = hs.config.jwt_enabled
         self.jwt_secret = hs.config.jwt_secret
         self.jwt_algorithm = hs.config.jwt_algorithm
         self.cas_enabled = hs.config.cas_enabled
         self.auth_handler = self.hs.get_auth_handler()
-        self.device_handler = self.hs.get_device_handler()
+        self.registration_handler = hs.get_registration_handler()
         self.handlers = hs.get_handlers()
+        self._well_known_builder = WellKnownBuilder(hs)
 
     def on_GET(self, request):
         flows = []
         if self.jwt_enabled:
             flows.append({"type": LoginRestServlet.JWT_TYPE})
-        if self.saml2_enabled:
-            flows.append({"type": LoginRestServlet.SAML2_TYPE})
         if self.cas_enabled:
             flows.append({"type": LoginRestServlet.SSO_TYPE})
 
@@ -134,29 +131,21 @@ class LoginRestServlet(ClientV1RestServlet):
     def on_POST(self, request):
         login_submission = parse_json_object_from_request(request)
         try:
-            if self.saml2_enabled and (login_submission["type"] ==
-                                       LoginRestServlet.SAML2_TYPE):
-                relay_state = ""
-                if "relay_state" in login_submission:
-                    relay_state = "&RelayState=" + urllib.parse.quote(
-                                  login_submission["relay_state"])
-                result = {
-                    "uri": "%s%s" % (self.idp_redirect_url, relay_state)
-                }
-                defer.returnValue((200, result))
-            elif self.jwt_enabled and (login_submission["type"] ==
-                                       LoginRestServlet.JWT_TYPE):
+            if self.jwt_enabled and (login_submission["type"] ==
+                                     LoginRestServlet.JWT_TYPE):
                 result = yield self.do_jwt_login(login_submission)
-                defer.returnValue(result)
             elif login_submission["type"] == LoginRestServlet.TOKEN_TYPE:
                 result = yield self.do_token_login(login_submission)
-                defer.returnValue(result)
             else:
                 result = yield self._do_other_login(login_submission)
-                defer.returnValue(result)
         except KeyError:
             raise SynapseError(400, "Missing JSON keys.")
 
+        well_known_data = self._well_known_builder.get_well_known()
+        if well_known_data:
+            result["well_known"] = well_known_data
+        defer.returnValue((200, result))
+
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _do_other_login(self, login_submission):
         """Handle non-token/saml/jwt logins
@@ -165,7 +154,7 @@ class LoginRestServlet(ClientV1RestServlet):
             login_submission:
 
         Returns:
-            (int, object): HTTP code/response
+            dict: HTTP response
         """
         # Log the request we got, but only certain fields to minimise the chance of
         # logging someone's password (even if they accidentally put it in the wrong
@@ -231,11 +220,10 @@ class LoginRestServlet(ClientV1RestServlet):
             login_submission,
         )
 
-        device_id = yield self._register_device(
-            canonical_user_id, login_submission,
-        )
-        access_token = yield auth_handler.get_access_token_for_user_id(
-            canonical_user_id, device_id,
+        device_id = login_submission.get("device_id")
+        initial_display_name = login_submission.get("initial_device_display_name")
+        device_id, access_token = yield self.registration_handler.register_device(
+            canonical_user_id, device_id, initial_display_name,
         )
 
         result = {
@@ -248,7 +236,7 @@ class LoginRestServlet(ClientV1RestServlet):
         if callback is not None:
             yield callback(result)
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, result))
+        defer.returnValue(result)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def do_token_login(self, login_submission):
@@ -257,10 +245,13 @@ class LoginRestServlet(ClientV1RestServlet):
         user_id = (
             yield auth_handler.validate_short_term_login_token_and_get_user_id(token)
         )
-        device_id = yield self._register_device(user_id, login_submission)
-        access_token = yield auth_handler.get_access_token_for_user_id(
-            user_id, device_id,
+
+        device_id = login_submission.get("device_id")
+        initial_display_name = login_submission.get("initial_device_display_name")
+        device_id, access_token = yield self.registration_handler.register_device(
+            user_id, device_id, initial_display_name,
         )
+
         result = {
             "user_id": user_id,  # may have changed
             "access_token": access_token,
@@ -268,7 +259,7 @@ class LoginRestServlet(ClientV1RestServlet):
             "device_id": device_id,
         }
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, result))
+        defer.returnValue(result)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def do_jwt_login(self, login_submission):
@@ -297,11 +288,10 @@ class LoginRestServlet(ClientV1RestServlet):
         auth_handler = self.auth_handler
         registered_user_id = yield auth_handler.check_user_exists(user_id)
         if registered_user_id:
-            device_id = yield self._register_device(
-                registered_user_id, login_submission
-            )
-            access_token = yield auth_handler.get_access_token_for_user_id(
-                registered_user_id, device_id,
+            device_id = login_submission.get("device_id")
+            initial_display_name = login_submission.get("initial_device_display_name")
+            device_id, access_token = yield self.registration_handler.register_device(
+                registered_user_id, device_id, initial_display_name,
             )
 
             result = {
@@ -310,83 +300,23 @@ class LoginRestServlet(ClientV1RestServlet):
                 "home_server": self.hs.hostname,
             }
         else:
-            # TODO: we should probably check that the register isn't going
-            # to fonx/change our user_id before registering the device
-            device_id = yield self._register_device(user_id, login_submission)
             user_id, access_token = (
                 yield self.handlers.registration_handler.register(localpart=user)
             )
+
+            device_id = login_submission.get("device_id")
+            initial_display_name = login_submission.get("initial_device_display_name")
+            device_id, access_token = yield self.registration_handler.register_device(
+                registered_user_id, device_id, initial_display_name,
+            )
+
             result = {
                 "user_id": user_id,  # may have changed
                 "access_token": access_token,
                 "home_server": self.hs.hostname,
             }
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, result))
-
-    def _register_device(self, user_id, login_submission):
-        """Register a device for a user.
-
-        This is called after the user's credentials have been validated, but
-        before the access token has been issued.
-
-        Args:
-            (str) user_id: full canonical @user:id
-            (object) login_submission: dictionary supplied to /login call, from
-               which we pull device_id and initial_device_name
-        Returns:
-            defer.Deferred: (str) device_id
-        """
-        device_id = login_submission.get("device_id")
-        initial_display_name = login_submission.get(
-            "initial_device_display_name")
-        return self.device_handler.check_device_registered(
-            user_id, device_id, initial_display_name
-        )
-
-
-class SAML2RestServlet(ClientV1RestServlet):
-    PATTERNS = client_path_patterns("/login/saml2", releases=())
-
-    def __init__(self, hs):
-        super(SAML2RestServlet, self).__init__(hs)
-        self.sp_config = hs.config.saml2_config_path
-        self.handlers = hs.get_handlers()
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def on_POST(self, request):
-        saml2_auth = None
-        try:
-            conf = config.SPConfig()
-            conf.load_file(self.sp_config)
-            SP = Saml2Client(conf)
-            saml2_auth = SP.parse_authn_request_response(
-                request.args['SAMLResponse'][0], BINDING_HTTP_POST)
-        except Exception as e:        # Not authenticated
-            logger.exception(e)
-        if saml2_auth and saml2_auth.status_ok() and not saml2_auth.not_signed:
-            username = saml2_auth.name_id.text
-            handler = self.handlers.registration_handler
-            (user_id, token) = yield handler.register_saml2(username)
-            # Forward to the RelayState callback along with ava
-            if 'RelayState' in request.args:
-                request.redirect(urllib.parse.unquote(
-                                 request.args['RelayState'][0]) +
-                                 '?status=authenticated&access_token=' +
-                                 token + '&user_id=' + user_id + '&ava=' +
-                                 urllib.quote(json.dumps(saml2_auth.ava)))
-                finish_request(request)
-                defer.returnValue(None)
-            defer.returnValue((200, {"status": "authenticated",
-                                     "user_id": user_id, "token": token,
-                                     "ava": saml2_auth.ava}))
-        elif 'RelayState' in request.args:
-            request.redirect(urllib.parse.unquote(
-                             request.args['RelayState'][0]) +
-                             '?status=not_authenticated')
-            finish_request(request)
-            defer.returnValue(None)
-        defer.returnValue((200, {"status": "not_authenticated"}))
+        defer.returnValue(result)
 
 
 class CasRedirectServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -421,17 +351,15 @@ class CasTicketServlet(ClientV1RestServlet):
         self.cas_server_url = hs.config.cas_server_url
         self.cas_service_url = hs.config.cas_service_url
         self.cas_required_attributes = hs.config.cas_required_attributes
-        self.auth_handler = hs.get_auth_handler()
-        self.handlers = hs.get_handlers()
-        self.macaroon_gen = hs.get_macaroon_generator()
+        self._sso_auth_handler = SSOAuthHandler(hs)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_GET(self, request):
-        client_redirect_url = request.args[b"redirectUrl"][0]
+        client_redirect_url = parse_string(request, "redirectUrl", required=True)
         http_client = self.hs.get_simple_http_client()
         uri = self.cas_server_url + "/proxyValidate"
         args = {
-            "ticket": request.args[b"ticket"][0].decode('ascii'),
+            "ticket": parse_string(request, "ticket", required=True),
             "service": self.cas_service_url
         }
         try:
@@ -443,7 +371,6 @@ class CasTicketServlet(ClientV1RestServlet):
         result = yield self.handle_cas_response(request, body, client_redirect_url)
         defer.returnValue(result)
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def handle_cas_response(self, request, cas_response_body, client_redirect_url):
         user, attributes = self.parse_cas_response(cas_response_body)
 
@@ -459,28 +386,9 @@ class CasTicketServlet(ClientV1RestServlet):
                 if required_value != actual_value:
                     raise LoginError(401, "Unauthorized", errcode=Codes.UNAUTHORIZED)
 
-        user_id = UserID(user, self.hs.hostname).to_string()
-        auth_handler = self.auth_handler
-        registered_user_id = yield auth_handler.check_user_exists(user_id)
-        if not registered_user_id:
-            registered_user_id, _ = (
-                yield self.handlers.registration_handler.register(localpart=user)
-            )
-
-        login_token = self.macaroon_gen.generate_short_term_login_token(
-            registered_user_id
+        return self._sso_auth_handler.on_successful_auth(
+            user, request, client_redirect_url,
         )
-        redirect_url = self.add_login_token_to_redirect_url(client_redirect_url,
-                                                            login_token)
-        request.redirect(redirect_url)
-        finish_request(request)
-
-    def add_login_token_to_redirect_url(self, url, token):
-        url_parts = list(urllib.parse.urlparse(url))
-        query = dict(urllib.parse.parse_qsl(url_parts[4]))
-        query.update({"loginToken": token})
-        url_parts[4] = urllib.parse.urlencode(query).encode('ascii')
-        return urllib.parse.urlunparse(url_parts)
 
     def parse_cas_response(self, cas_response_body):
         user = None
@@ -515,10 +423,78 @@ class CasTicketServlet(ClientV1RestServlet):
         return user, attributes
 
 
+class SSOAuthHandler(object):
+    """
+    Utility class for Resources and Servlets which handle the response from a SSO
+    service
+
+    Args:
+        hs (synapse.server.HomeServer)
+    """
+    def __init__(self, hs):
+        self._hostname = hs.hostname
+        self._auth_handler = hs.get_auth_handler()
+        self._registration_handler = hs.get_registration_handler()
+        self._macaroon_gen = hs.get_macaroon_generator()
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def on_successful_auth(
+        self, username, request, client_redirect_url,
+        user_display_name=None,
+    ):
+        """Called once the user has successfully authenticated with the SSO.
+
+        Registers the user if necessary, and then returns a redirect (with
+        a login token) to the client.
+
+        Args:
+            username (unicode|bytes): the remote user id. We'll map this onto
+                something sane for a MXID localpath.
+
+            request (SynapseRequest): the incoming request from the browser. We'll
+                respond to it with a redirect.
+
+            client_redirect_url (unicode): the redirect_url the client gave us when
+                it first started the process.
+
+            user_display_name (unicode|None): if set, and we have to register a new user,
+                we will set their displayname to this.
+
+        Returns:
+            Deferred[none]: Completes once we have handled the request.
+        """
+        localpart = map_username_to_mxid_localpart(username)
+        user_id = UserID(localpart, self._hostname).to_string()
+        registered_user_id = yield self._auth_handler.check_user_exists(user_id)
+        if not registered_user_id:
+            registered_user_id, _ = (
+                yield self._registration_handler.register(
+                    localpart=localpart,
+                    generate_token=False,
+                    default_display_name=user_display_name,
+                )
+            )
+
+        login_token = self._macaroon_gen.generate_short_term_login_token(
+            registered_user_id
+        )
+        redirect_url = self._add_login_token_to_redirect_url(
+            client_redirect_url, login_token
+        )
+        request.redirect(redirect_url)
+        finish_request(request)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _add_login_token_to_redirect_url(url, token):
+        url_parts = list(urllib.parse.urlparse(url))
+        query = dict(urllib.parse.parse_qsl(url_parts[4]))
+        query.update({"loginToken": token})
+        url_parts[4] = urllib.parse.urlencode(query)
+        return urllib.parse.urlunparse(url_parts)
+
+
 def register_servlets(hs, http_server):
     LoginRestServlet(hs).register(http_server)
-    if hs.config.saml2_enabled:
-        SAML2RestServlet(hs).register(http_server)
     if hs.config.cas_enabled:
         CasRedirectServlet(hs).register(http_server)
         CasTicketServlet(hs).register(http_server)
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v1/room.py b/synapse/rest/client/v1/room.py
index fcfe7857f6..48da4d557f 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v1/room.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v1/room.py
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ class RoomStateEventRestServlet(ClientV1RestServlet):
     def __init__(self, hs):
         super(RoomStateEventRestServlet, self).__init__(hs)
         self.handlers = hs.get_handlers()
-        self.event_creation_hander = hs.get_event_creation_handler()
+        self.event_creation_handler = hs.get_event_creation_handler()
         self.room_member_handler = hs.get_room_member_handler()
         self.message_handler = hs.get_message_handler()
 
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ class RoomStateEventRestServlet(ClientV1RestServlet):
                 content=content,
             )
         else:
-            event = yield self.event_creation_hander.create_and_send_nonmember_event(
+            event = yield self.event_creation_handler.create_and_send_nonmember_event(
                 requester,
                 event_dict,
                 txn_id=txn_id,
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ class RoomSendEventRestServlet(ClientV1RestServlet):
 
     def __init__(self, hs):
         super(RoomSendEventRestServlet, self).__init__(hs)
-        self.event_creation_hander = hs.get_event_creation_handler()
+        self.event_creation_handler = hs.get_event_creation_handler()
 
     def register(self, http_server):
         # /rooms/$roomid/send/$event_type[/$txn_id]
@@ -211,7 +211,7 @@ class RoomSendEventRestServlet(ClientV1RestServlet):
         if b'ts' in request.args and requester.app_service:
             event_dict['origin_server_ts'] = parse_integer(request, "ts", 0)
 
-        event = yield self.event_creation_hander.create_and_send_nonmember_event(
+        event = yield self.event_creation_handler.create_and_send_nonmember_event(
             requester,
             event_dict,
             txn_id=txn_id,
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v1_only/__init__.py b/synapse/rest/client/v1_only/__init__.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 936f902ace..0000000000
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v1_only/__init__.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-"""
-REST APIs that are only used in v1 (the legacy API).
-"""
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v1_only/base.py b/synapse/rest/client/v1_only/base.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 9d4db7437c..0000000000
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v1_only/base.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,39 +0,0 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-# Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
-# Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-
-"""This module contains base REST classes for constructing client v1 servlets.
-"""
-
-import re
-
-from synapse.api.urls import CLIENT_PREFIX
-
-
-def v1_only_client_path_patterns(path_regex, include_in_unstable=True):
-    """Creates a regex compiled client path with the correct client path
-    prefix.
-
-    Args:
-        path_regex (str): The regex string to match. This should NOT have a ^
-        as this will be prefixed.
-    Returns:
-        list of SRE_Pattern
-    """
-    patterns = [re.compile("^" + CLIENT_PREFIX + path_regex)]
-    if include_in_unstable:
-        unstable_prefix = CLIENT_PREFIX.replace("/api/v1", "/unstable")
-        patterns.append(re.compile("^" + unstable_prefix + path_regex))
-    return patterns
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v1_only/register.py b/synapse/rest/client/v1_only/register.py
deleted file mode 100644
index dadb376b02..0000000000
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v1_only/register.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,392 +0,0 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-# Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-
-"""This module contains REST servlets to do with registration: /register"""
-import hmac
-import logging
-from hashlib import sha1
-
-from twisted.internet import defer
-
-import synapse.util.stringutils as stringutils
-from synapse.api.constants import LoginType
-from synapse.api.errors import Codes, SynapseError
-from synapse.config.server import is_threepid_reserved
-from synapse.http.servlet import assert_params_in_dict, parse_json_object_from_request
-from synapse.rest.client.v1.base import ClientV1RestServlet
-from synapse.types import create_requester
-
-from .base import v1_only_client_path_patterns
-
-logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
-
-
-# We ought to be using hmac.compare_digest() but on older pythons it doesn't
-# exist. It's a _really minor_ security flaw to use plain string comparison
-# because the timing attack is so obscured by all the other code here it's
-# unlikely to make much difference
-if hasattr(hmac, "compare_digest"):
-    compare_digest = hmac.compare_digest
-else:
-    def compare_digest(a, b):
-        return a == b
-
-
-class RegisterRestServlet(ClientV1RestServlet):
-    """Handles registration with the home server.
-
-    This servlet is in control of the registration flow; the registration
-    handler doesn't have a concept of multi-stages or sessions.
-    """
-
-    PATTERNS = v1_only_client_path_patterns("/register$", include_in_unstable=False)
-
-    def __init__(self, hs):
-        """
-        Args:
-            hs (synapse.server.HomeServer): server
-        """
-        super(RegisterRestServlet, self).__init__(hs)
-        # sessions are stored as:
-        # self.sessions = {
-        #   "session_id" : { __session_dict__ }
-        # }
-        # TODO: persistent storage
-        self.sessions = {}
-        self.enable_registration = hs.config.enable_registration
-        self.auth = hs.get_auth()
-        self.auth_handler = hs.get_auth_handler()
-        self.handlers = hs.get_handlers()
-
-    def on_GET(self, request):
-
-        require_email = 'email' in self.hs.config.registrations_require_3pid
-        require_msisdn = 'msisdn' in self.hs.config.registrations_require_3pid
-
-        flows = []
-        if self.hs.config.enable_registration_captcha:
-            # only support the email-only flow if we don't require MSISDN 3PIDs
-            if not require_msisdn:
-                flows.extend([
-                    {
-                        "type": LoginType.RECAPTCHA,
-                        "stages": [
-                            LoginType.RECAPTCHA,
-                            LoginType.EMAIL_IDENTITY,
-                            LoginType.PASSWORD
-                        ]
-                    },
-                ])
-            # only support 3PIDless registration if no 3PIDs are required
-            if not require_email and not require_msisdn:
-                flows.extend([
-                    {
-                        "type": LoginType.RECAPTCHA,
-                        "stages": [LoginType.RECAPTCHA, LoginType.PASSWORD]
-                    }
-                ])
-        else:
-            # only support the email-only flow if we don't require MSISDN 3PIDs
-            if require_email or not require_msisdn:
-                flows.extend([
-                    {
-                        "type": LoginType.EMAIL_IDENTITY,
-                        "stages": [
-                            LoginType.EMAIL_IDENTITY, LoginType.PASSWORD
-                        ]
-                    }
-                ])
-            # only support 3PIDless registration if no 3PIDs are required
-            if not require_email and not require_msisdn:
-                flows.extend([
-                    {
-                        "type": LoginType.PASSWORD
-                    }
-                ])
-        return (200, {"flows": flows})
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def on_POST(self, request):
-        register_json = parse_json_object_from_request(request)
-
-        session = (register_json["session"]
-                   if "session" in register_json else None)
-        login_type = None
-        assert_params_in_dict(register_json, ["type"])
-
-        try:
-            login_type = register_json["type"]
-
-            is_application_server = login_type == LoginType.APPLICATION_SERVICE
-            can_register = (
-                self.enable_registration
-                or is_application_server
-            )
-            if not can_register:
-                raise SynapseError(403, "Registration has been disabled")
-
-            stages = {
-                LoginType.RECAPTCHA: self._do_recaptcha,
-                LoginType.PASSWORD: self._do_password,
-                LoginType.EMAIL_IDENTITY: self._do_email_identity,
-                LoginType.APPLICATION_SERVICE: self._do_app_service,
-            }
-
-            session_info = self._get_session_info(request, session)
-            logger.debug("%s : session info %s   request info %s",
-                         login_type, session_info, register_json)
-            response = yield stages[login_type](
-                request,
-                register_json,
-                session_info
-            )
-
-            if "access_token" not in response:
-                # isn't a final response
-                response["session"] = session_info["id"]
-
-            defer.returnValue((200, response))
-        except KeyError as e:
-            logger.exception(e)
-            raise SynapseError(400, "Missing JSON keys for login type %s." % (
-                login_type,
-            ))
-
-    def on_OPTIONS(self, request):
-        return (200, {})
-
-    def _get_session_info(self, request, session_id):
-        if not session_id:
-            # create a new session
-            while session_id is None or session_id in self.sessions:
-                session_id = stringutils.random_string(24)
-            self.sessions[session_id] = {
-                "id": session_id,
-                LoginType.EMAIL_IDENTITY: False,
-                LoginType.RECAPTCHA: False
-            }
-
-        return self.sessions[session_id]
-
-    def _save_session(self, session):
-        # TODO: Persistent storage
-        logger.debug("Saving session %s", session)
-        self.sessions[session["id"]] = session
-
-    def _remove_session(self, session):
-        logger.debug("Removing session %s", session)
-        self.sessions.pop(session["id"])
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _do_recaptcha(self, request, register_json, session):
-        if not self.hs.config.enable_registration_captcha:
-            raise SynapseError(400, "Captcha not required.")
-
-        yield self._check_recaptcha(request, register_json, session)
-
-        session[LoginType.RECAPTCHA] = True  # mark captcha as done
-        self._save_session(session)
-        defer.returnValue({
-            "next": [LoginType.PASSWORD, LoginType.EMAIL_IDENTITY]
-        })
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _check_recaptcha(self, request, register_json, session):
-        if ("captcha_bypass_hmac" in register_json and
-                self.hs.config.captcha_bypass_secret):
-            if "user" not in register_json:
-                raise SynapseError(400, "Captcha bypass needs 'user'")
-
-            want = hmac.new(
-                key=self.hs.config.captcha_bypass_secret,
-                msg=register_json["user"],
-                digestmod=sha1,
-            ).hexdigest()
-
-            # str() because otherwise hmac complains that 'unicode' does not
-            # have the buffer interface
-            got = str(register_json["captcha_bypass_hmac"])
-
-            if compare_digest(want, got):
-                session["user"] = register_json["user"]
-                defer.returnValue(None)
-            else:
-                raise SynapseError(
-                    400, "Captcha bypass HMAC incorrect",
-                    errcode=Codes.CAPTCHA_NEEDED
-                )
-
-        challenge = None
-        user_response = None
-        try:
-            challenge = register_json["challenge"]
-            user_response = register_json["response"]
-        except KeyError:
-            raise SynapseError(400, "Captcha response is required",
-                               errcode=Codes.CAPTCHA_NEEDED)
-
-        ip_addr = self.hs.get_ip_from_request(request)
-
-        handler = self.handlers.registration_handler
-        yield handler.check_recaptcha(
-            ip_addr,
-            self.hs.config.recaptcha_private_key,
-            challenge,
-            user_response
-        )
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _do_email_identity(self, request, register_json, session):
-        if (self.hs.config.enable_registration_captcha and
-                not session[LoginType.RECAPTCHA]):
-            raise SynapseError(400, "Captcha is required.")
-
-        threepidCreds = register_json['threepidCreds']
-        handler = self.handlers.registration_handler
-        logger.debug("Registering email. threepidcreds: %s" % (threepidCreds))
-        yield handler.register_email(threepidCreds)
-        session["threepidCreds"] = threepidCreds  # store creds for next stage
-        session[LoginType.EMAIL_IDENTITY] = True  # mark email as done
-        self._save_session(session)
-        defer.returnValue({
-            "next": LoginType.PASSWORD
-        })
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _do_password(self, request, register_json, session):
-        if (self.hs.config.enable_registration_captcha and
-                not session[LoginType.RECAPTCHA]):
-            # captcha should've been done by this stage!
-            raise SynapseError(400, "Captcha is required.")
-
-        if ("user" in session and "user" in register_json and
-                session["user"] != register_json["user"]):
-            raise SynapseError(
-                400, "Cannot change user ID during registration"
-            )
-
-        password = register_json["password"].encode("utf-8")
-        desired_user_id = (
-            register_json["user"].encode("utf-8")
-            if "user" in register_json else None
-        )
-        threepid = None
-        if session.get(LoginType.EMAIL_IDENTITY):
-            threepid = session["threepidCreds"]
-
-        handler = self.handlers.registration_handler
-        (user_id, token) = yield handler.register(
-            localpart=desired_user_id,
-            password=password,
-            threepid=threepid,
-        )
-        # Necessary due to auth checks prior to the threepid being
-        # written to the db
-        if is_threepid_reserved(self.hs.config, threepid):
-            yield self.store.upsert_monthly_active_user(user_id)
-
-        if session[LoginType.EMAIL_IDENTITY]:
-            logger.debug("Binding emails %s to %s" % (
-                session["threepidCreds"], user_id)
-            )
-            yield handler.bind_emails(user_id, session["threepidCreds"])
-
-        result = {
-            "user_id": user_id,
-            "access_token": token,
-            "home_server": self.hs.hostname,
-        }
-        self._remove_session(session)
-        defer.returnValue(result)
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _do_app_service(self, request, register_json, session):
-        as_token = self.auth.get_access_token_from_request(request)
-
-        assert_params_in_dict(register_json, ["user"])
-        user_localpart = register_json["user"].encode("utf-8")
-
-        handler = self.handlers.registration_handler
-        user_id = yield handler.appservice_register(
-            user_localpart, as_token
-        )
-        token = yield self.auth_handler.issue_access_token(user_id)
-        self._remove_session(session)
-        defer.returnValue({
-            "user_id": user_id,
-            "access_token": token,
-            "home_server": self.hs.hostname,
-        })
-
-
-class CreateUserRestServlet(ClientV1RestServlet):
-    """Handles user creation via a server-to-server interface
-    """
-
-    PATTERNS = v1_only_client_path_patterns("/createUser$")
-
-    def __init__(self, hs):
-        super(CreateUserRestServlet, self).__init__(hs)
-        self.store = hs.get_datastore()
-        self.handlers = hs.get_handlers()
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def on_POST(self, request):
-        user_json = parse_json_object_from_request(request)
-
-        access_token = self.auth.get_access_token_from_request(request)
-        app_service = self.store.get_app_service_by_token(
-            access_token
-        )
-        if not app_service:
-            raise SynapseError(403, "Invalid application service token.")
-
-        requester = create_requester(app_service.sender)
-
-        logger.debug("creating user: %s", user_json)
-        response = yield self._do_create(requester, user_json)
-
-        defer.returnValue((200, response))
-
-    def on_OPTIONS(self, request):
-        return 403, {}
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _do_create(self, requester, user_json):
-        assert_params_in_dict(user_json, ["localpart", "displayname"])
-
-        localpart = user_json["localpart"].encode("utf-8")
-        displayname = user_json["displayname"].encode("utf-8")
-        password_hash = user_json["password_hash"].encode("utf-8") \
-            if user_json.get("password_hash") else None
-
-        handler = self.handlers.registration_handler
-        user_id, token = yield handler.get_or_create_user(
-            requester=requester,
-            localpart=localpart,
-            displayname=displayname,
-            password_hash=password_hash
-        )
-
-        defer.returnValue({
-            "user_id": user_id,
-            "access_token": token,
-            "home_server": self.hs.hostname,
-        })
-
-
-def register_servlets(hs, http_server):
-    RegisterRestServlet(hs).register(http_server)
-    CreateUserRestServlet(hs).register(http_server)
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/account_data.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/account_data.py
index 371e9aa354..f171b8d626 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/account_data.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/account_data.py
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ import logging
 
 from twisted.internet import defer
 
-from synapse.api.errors import AuthError, SynapseError
+from synapse.api.errors import AuthError, NotFoundError, SynapseError
 from synapse.http.servlet import RestServlet, parse_json_object_from_request
 
 from ._base import client_v2_patterns
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 class AccountDataServlet(RestServlet):
     """
     PUT /user/{user_id}/account_data/{account_dataType} HTTP/1.1
+    GET /user/{user_id}/account_data/{account_dataType} HTTP/1.1
     """
     PATTERNS = client_v2_patterns(
         "/user/(?P<user_id>[^/]*)/account_data/(?P<account_data_type>[^/]*)"
@@ -57,10 +58,26 @@ class AccountDataServlet(RestServlet):
 
         defer.returnValue((200, {}))
 
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def on_GET(self, request, user_id, account_data_type):
+        requester = yield self.auth.get_user_by_req(request)
+        if user_id != requester.user.to_string():
+            raise AuthError(403, "Cannot get account data for other users.")
+
+        event = yield self.store.get_global_account_data_by_type_for_user(
+            account_data_type, user_id,
+        )
+
+        if event is None:
+            raise NotFoundError("Account data not found")
+
+        defer.returnValue((200, event))
+
 
 class RoomAccountDataServlet(RestServlet):
     """
     PUT /user/{user_id}/rooms/{room_id}/account_data/{account_dataType} HTTP/1.1
+    GET /user/{user_id}/rooms/{room_id}/account_data/{account_dataType} HTTP/1.1
     """
     PATTERNS = client_v2_patterns(
         "/user/(?P<user_id>[^/]*)"
@@ -99,6 +116,21 @@ class RoomAccountDataServlet(RestServlet):
 
         defer.returnValue((200, {}))
 
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def on_GET(self, request, user_id, room_id, account_data_type):
+        requester = yield self.auth.get_user_by_req(request)
+        if user_id != requester.user.to_string():
+            raise AuthError(403, "Cannot get account data for other users.")
+
+        event = yield self.store.get_account_data_for_room_and_type(
+            user_id, room_id, account_data_type,
+        )
+
+        if event is None:
+            raise NotFoundError("Room account data not found")
+
+        defer.returnValue((200, event))
+
 
 def register_servlets(hs, http_server):
     AccountDataServlet(hs).register(http_server)
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/auth.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/auth.py
index fa73bdf3a1..f7bb710642 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/auth.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/auth.py
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ class AuthRestServlet(RestServlet):
         self.hs = hs
         self.auth = hs.get_auth()
         self.auth_handler = hs.get_auth_handler()
-        self.registration_handler = hs.get_handlers().registration_handler
+        self.registration_handler = hs.get_registration_handler()
 
     def on_GET(self, request, stagetype):
         session = parse_string(request, "session")
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/capabilities.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/capabilities.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..373f95126e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/capabilities.py
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# Copyright 2019 New Vector
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+import logging
+
+from twisted.internet import defer
+
+from synapse.api.constants import DEFAULT_ROOM_VERSION, RoomDisposition, RoomVersions
+from synapse.http.servlet import RestServlet
+
+from ._base import client_v2_patterns
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class CapabilitiesRestServlet(RestServlet):
+    """End point to expose the capabilities of the server."""
+
+    PATTERNS = client_v2_patterns("/capabilities$")
+
+    def __init__(self, hs):
+        """
+        Args:
+            hs (synapse.server.HomeServer): server
+        """
+        super(CapabilitiesRestServlet, self).__init__()
+        self.hs = hs
+        self.auth = hs.get_auth()
+        self.store = hs.get_datastore()
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def on_GET(self, request):
+        requester = yield self.auth.get_user_by_req(request, allow_guest=True)
+        user = yield self.store.get_user_by_id(requester.user.to_string())
+        change_password = bool(user["password_hash"])
+
+        response = {
+            "capabilities": {
+                "m.room_versions": {
+                    "default": DEFAULT_ROOM_VERSION,
+                    "available": {
+                        RoomVersions.V1: RoomDisposition.STABLE,
+                        RoomVersions.V2: RoomDisposition.STABLE,
+                        RoomVersions.STATE_V2_TEST: RoomDisposition.UNSTABLE,
+                        RoomVersions.V3: RoomDisposition.STABLE,
+                    },
+                },
+                "m.change_password": {"enabled": change_password},
+            }
+        }
+        defer.returnValue((200, response))
+
+
+def register_servlets(hs, http_server):
+    CapabilitiesRestServlet(hs).register(http_server)
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/register.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/register.py
index aec0c6b075..94cbba4303 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/register.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/register.py
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ class UsernameAvailabilityRestServlet(RestServlet):
         """
         super(UsernameAvailabilityRestServlet, self).__init__()
         self.hs = hs
-        self.registration_handler = hs.get_handlers().registration_handler
+        self.registration_handler = hs.get_registration_handler()
         self.ratelimiter = FederationRateLimiter(
             hs.get_clock(),
             # Time window of 2s
@@ -187,10 +187,9 @@ class RegisterRestServlet(RestServlet):
         self.auth = hs.get_auth()
         self.store = hs.get_datastore()
         self.auth_handler = hs.get_auth_handler()
-        self.registration_handler = hs.get_handlers().registration_handler
+        self.registration_handler = hs.get_registration_handler()
         self.identity_handler = hs.get_handlers().identity_handler
         self.room_member_handler = hs.get_room_member_handler()
-        self.device_handler = hs.get_device_handler()
         self.macaroon_gen = hs.get_macaroon_generator()
 
     @interactive_auth_handler
@@ -309,22 +308,16 @@ class RegisterRestServlet(RestServlet):
                 assigned_user_id=registered_user_id,
             )
 
-        # Only give msisdn flows if the x_show_msisdn flag is given:
-        # this is a hack to work around the fact that clients were shipped
-        # that use fallback registration if they see any flows that they don't
-        # recognise, which means we break registration for these clients if we
-        # advertise msisdn flows. Once usage of Riot iOS <=0.3.9 and Riot
-        # Android <=0.6.9 have fallen below an acceptable threshold, this
-        # parameter should go away and we should always advertise msisdn flows.
-        show_msisdn = False
-        if 'x_show_msisdn' in body and body['x_show_msisdn']:
-            show_msisdn = True
-
         # FIXME: need a better error than "no auth flow found" for scenarios
         # where we required 3PID for registration but the user didn't give one
         require_email = 'email' in self.hs.config.registrations_require_3pid
         require_msisdn = 'msisdn' in self.hs.config.registrations_require_3pid
 
+        show_msisdn = True
+        if self.hs.config.disable_msisdn_registration:
+            show_msisdn = False
+            require_msisdn = False
+
         flows = []
         if self.hs.config.enable_registration_captcha:
             # only support 3PIDless registration if no 3PIDs are required
@@ -396,8 +389,7 @@ class RegisterRestServlet(RestServlet):
                 registered_user_id
             )
             # don't re-register the threepids
-            add_email = False
-            add_msisdn = False
+            registered = False
         else:
             # NB: This may be from the auth handler and NOT from the POST
             assert_params_in_dict(params, ["password"])
@@ -422,8 +414,11 @@ class RegisterRestServlet(RestServlet):
             )
             # Necessary due to auth checks prior to the threepid being
             # written to the db
-            if is_threepid_reserved(self.hs.config, threepid):
-                yield self.store.upsert_monthly_active_user(registered_user_id)
+            if threepid:
+                if is_threepid_reserved(
+                    self.hs.config.mau_limits_reserved_threepids, threepid
+                ):
+                    yield self.store.upsert_monthly_active_user(registered_user_id)
 
             # remember that we've now registered that user account, and with
             #  what user ID (since the user may not have specified)
@@ -431,33 +426,20 @@ class RegisterRestServlet(RestServlet):
                 session_id, "registered_user_id", registered_user_id
             )
 
-            add_email = True
-            add_msisdn = True
+            registered = True
 
         return_dict = yield self._create_registration_details(
             registered_user_id, params
         )
 
-        if add_email and auth_result and LoginType.EMAIL_IDENTITY in auth_result:
-            threepid = auth_result[LoginType.EMAIL_IDENTITY]
-            yield self._register_email_threepid(
-                registered_user_id, threepid, return_dict["access_token"],
-                params.get("bind_email")
-            )
-
-        if add_msisdn and auth_result and LoginType.MSISDN in auth_result:
-            threepid = auth_result[LoginType.MSISDN]
-            yield self._register_msisdn_threepid(
-                registered_user_id, threepid, return_dict["access_token"],
-                params.get("bind_msisdn")
-            )
-
-        if auth_result and LoginType.TERMS in auth_result:
-            logger.info("%s has consented to the privacy policy" % registered_user_id)
-            yield self.store.user_set_consent_version(
-                registered_user_id, self.hs.config.user_consent_version,
+        if registered:
+            yield self.registration_handler.post_registration_actions(
+                user_id=registered_user_id,
+                auth_result=auth_result,
+                access_token=return_dict.get("access_token"),
+                bind_email=params.get("bind_email"),
+                bind_msisdn=params.get("bind_msisdn"),
             )
-            yield self.registration_handler.post_consent_actions(registered_user_id)
 
         defer.returnValue((200, return_dict))
 
@@ -510,115 +492,6 @@ class RegisterRestServlet(RestServlet):
         defer.returnValue(result)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _register_email_threepid(self, user_id, threepid, token, bind_email):
-        """Add an email address as a 3pid identifier
-
-        Also adds an email pusher for the email address, if configured in the
-        HS config
-
-        Also optionally binds emails to the given user_id on the identity server
-
-        Args:
-            user_id (str): id of user
-            threepid (object): m.login.email.identity auth response
-            token (str): access_token for the user
-            bind_email (bool): true if the client requested the email to be
-                bound at the identity server
-        Returns:
-            defer.Deferred:
-        """
-        reqd = ('medium', 'address', 'validated_at')
-        if any(x not in threepid for x in reqd):
-            # This will only happen if the ID server returns a malformed response
-            logger.info("Can't add incomplete 3pid")
-            return
-
-        yield self.auth_handler.add_threepid(
-            user_id,
-            threepid['medium'],
-            threepid['address'],
-            threepid['validated_at'],
-        )
-
-        # And we add an email pusher for them by default, but only
-        # if email notifications are enabled (so people don't start
-        # getting mail spam where they weren't before if email
-        # notifs are set up on a home server)
-        if (self.hs.config.email_enable_notifs and
-                self.hs.config.email_notif_for_new_users):
-            # Pull the ID of the access token back out of the db
-            # It would really make more sense for this to be passed
-            # up when the access token is saved, but that's quite an
-            # invasive change I'd rather do separately.
-            user_tuple = yield self.store.get_user_by_access_token(
-                token
-            )
-            token_id = user_tuple["token_id"]
-
-            yield self.hs.get_pusherpool().add_pusher(
-                user_id=user_id,
-                access_token=token_id,
-                kind="email",
-                app_id="m.email",
-                app_display_name="Email Notifications",
-                device_display_name=threepid["address"],
-                pushkey=threepid["address"],
-                lang=None,  # We don't know a user's language here
-                data={},
-            )
-
-        if bind_email:
-            logger.info("bind_email specified: binding")
-            logger.debug("Binding emails %s to %s" % (
-                threepid, user_id
-            ))
-            yield self.identity_handler.bind_threepid(
-                threepid['threepid_creds'], user_id
-            )
-        else:
-            logger.info("bind_email not specified: not binding email")
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _register_msisdn_threepid(self, user_id, threepid, token, bind_msisdn):
-        """Add a phone number as a 3pid identifier
-
-        Also optionally binds msisdn to the given user_id on the identity server
-
-        Args:
-            user_id (str): id of user
-            threepid (object): m.login.msisdn auth response
-            token (str): access_token for the user
-            bind_email (bool): true if the client requested the email to be
-                bound at the identity server
-        Returns:
-            defer.Deferred:
-        """
-        try:
-            assert_params_in_dict(threepid, ['medium', 'address', 'validated_at'])
-        except SynapseError as ex:
-            if ex.errcode == Codes.MISSING_PARAM:
-                # This will only happen if the ID server returns a malformed response
-                logger.info("Can't add incomplete 3pid")
-                defer.returnValue(None)
-            raise
-
-        yield self.auth_handler.add_threepid(
-            user_id,
-            threepid['medium'],
-            threepid['address'],
-            threepid['validated_at'],
-        )
-
-        if bind_msisdn:
-            logger.info("bind_msisdn specified: binding")
-            logger.debug("Binding msisdn %s to %s", threepid, user_id)
-            yield self.identity_handler.bind_threepid(
-                threepid['threepid_creds'], user_id
-            )
-        else:
-            logger.info("bind_msisdn not specified: not binding msisdn")
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _create_registration_details(self, user_id, params):
         """Complete registration of newly-registered user
 
@@ -636,12 +509,10 @@ class RegisterRestServlet(RestServlet):
             "home_server": self.hs.hostname,
         }
         if not params.get("inhibit_login", False):
-            device_id = yield self._register_device(user_id, params)
-
-            access_token = (
-                yield self.auth_handler.get_access_token_for_user_id(
-                    user_id, device_id=device_id,
-                )
+            device_id = params.get("device_id")
+            initial_display_name = params.get("initial_device_display_name")
+            device_id, access_token = yield self.registration_handler.register_device(
+                user_id, device_id, initial_display_name, is_guest=False,
             )
 
             result.update({
@@ -650,26 +521,6 @@ class RegisterRestServlet(RestServlet):
             })
         defer.returnValue(result)
 
-    def _register_device(self, user_id, params):
-        """Register a device for a user.
-
-        This is called after the user's credentials have been validated, but
-        before the access token has been issued.
-
-        Args:
-            (str) user_id: full canonical @user:id
-            (object) params: registration parameters, from which we pull
-                device_id and initial_device_name
-        Returns:
-            defer.Deferred: (str) device_id
-        """
-        # register the user's device
-        device_id = params.get("device_id")
-        initial_display_name = params.get("initial_device_display_name")
-        return self.device_handler.check_device_registered(
-            user_id, device_id, initial_display_name
-        )
-
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _do_guest_registration(self, params):
         if not self.hs.config.allow_guest_access:
@@ -683,13 +534,10 @@ class RegisterRestServlet(RestServlet):
         # we have nowhere to store it.
         device_id = synapse.api.auth.GUEST_DEVICE_ID
         initial_display_name = params.get("initial_device_display_name")
-        yield self.device_handler.check_device_registered(
-            user_id, device_id, initial_display_name
+        device_id, access_token = yield self.registration_handler.register_device(
+            user_id, device_id, initial_display_name, is_guest=True,
         )
 
-        access_token = self.macaroon_gen.generate_access_token(
-            user_id, ["guest = true"]
-        )
         defer.returnValue((200, {
             "user_id": user_id,
             "device_id": device_id,
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/room_keys.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/room_keys.py
index ab3f1bd21a..220a0de30b 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/room_keys.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/room_keys.py
@@ -380,6 +380,40 @@ class RoomKeysVersionServlet(RestServlet):
         )
         defer.returnValue((200, {}))
 
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def on_PUT(self, request, version):
+        """
+        Update the information about a given version of the user's room_keys backup.
+
+        POST /room_keys/version/12345 HTTP/1.1
+        Content-Type: application/json
+        {
+            "algorithm": "m.megolm_backup.v1",
+            "auth_data": {
+                "public_key": "abcdefg",
+                "signatures": {
+                    "ed25519:something": "hijklmnop"
+                }
+            },
+            "version": "42"
+        }
+
+        HTTP/1.1 200 OK
+        Content-Type: application/json
+        {}
+        """
+        requester = yield self.auth.get_user_by_req(request, allow_guest=False)
+        user_id = requester.user.to_string()
+        info = parse_json_object_from_request(request)
+
+        if version is None:
+            raise SynapseError(400, "No version specified to update", Codes.MISSING_PARAM)
+
+        yield self.e2e_room_keys_handler.update_version(
+            user_id, version, info
+        )
+        defer.returnValue((200, {}))
+
 
 def register_servlets(hs, http_server):
     RoomKeysServlet(hs).register(http_server)
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/sync.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/sync.py
index 0251146722..39d157a44b 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/sync.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/sync.py
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ class SyncRestServlet(RestServlet):
     """
 
     PATTERNS = client_v2_patterns("/sync$")
-    ALLOWED_PRESENCE = set(["online", "offline"])
+    ALLOWED_PRESENCE = set(["online", "offline", "unavailable"])
 
     def __init__(self, hs):
         super(SyncRestServlet, self).__init__()
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/versions.py b/synapse/rest/client/versions.py
index 29e62bfcdd..27e7cbf3cc 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/versions.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/versions.py
@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ class VersionsRestServlet(RestServlet):
                 "r0.1.0",
                 "r0.2.0",
                 "r0.3.0",
+                "r0.4.0",
             ],
             # as per MSC1497:
             "unstable_features": {
diff --git a/synapse/rest/consent/consent_resource.py b/synapse/rest/consent/consent_resource.py
index 80611cfe84..6b371bfa2f 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/consent/consent_resource.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/consent/consent_resource.py
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ class ConsentResource(Resource):
 
         self.hs = hs
         self.store = hs.get_datastore()
-        self.registration_handler = hs.get_handlers().registration_handler
+        self.registration_handler = hs.get_registration_handler()
 
         # this is required by the request_handler wrapper
         self.clock = hs.get_clock()
@@ -101,16 +101,7 @@ class ConsentResource(Resource):
                 "missing in config file.",
             )
 
-        # daemonize changes the cwd to /, so make the path absolute now.
-        consent_template_directory = path.abspath(
-            hs.config.user_consent_template_dir,
-        )
-        if not path.isdir(consent_template_directory):
-            raise ConfigError(
-                "Could not find template directory '%s'" % (
-                    consent_template_directory,
-                ),
-            )
+        consent_template_directory = hs.config.user_consent_template_dir
 
         loader = jinja2.FileSystemLoader(consent_template_directory)
         self._jinja_env = jinja2.Environment(
diff --git a/synapse/rest/media/v1/config_resource.py b/synapse/rest/media/v1/config_resource.py
index d6605b6027..77316033f7 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/media/v1/config_resource.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/media/v1/config_resource.py
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ class MediaConfigResource(Resource):
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _async_render_GET(self, request):
         yield self.auth.get_user_by_req(request)
-        respond_with_json(request, 200, self.limits_dict)
+        respond_with_json(request, 200, self.limits_dict, send_cors=True)
 
     def render_OPTIONS(self, request):
         respond_with_json(request, 200, {}, send_cors=True)
diff --git a/synapse/rest/media/v1/download_resource.py b/synapse/rest/media/v1/download_resource.py
index f911b120b1..bdc5daecc1 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/media/v1/download_resource.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/media/v1/download_resource.py
@@ -48,7 +48,8 @@ class DownloadResource(Resource):
         set_cors_headers(request)
         request.setHeader(
             b"Content-Security-Policy",
-            b"default-src 'none';"
+            b"sandbox;"
+            b" default-src 'none';"
             b" script-src 'none';"
             b" plugin-types application/pdf;"
             b" style-src 'unsafe-inline';"
diff --git a/synapse/rest/media/v1/media_repository.py b/synapse/rest/media/v1/media_repository.py
index e117836e9a..bdffa97805 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/media/v1/media_repository.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/media/v1/media_repository.py
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ from synapse.api.errors import (
     FederationDeniedError,
     HttpResponseException,
     NotFoundError,
+    RequestSendFailed,
     SynapseError,
 )
 from synapse.metrics.background_process_metrics import run_as_background_process
@@ -372,10 +373,10 @@ class MediaRepository(object):
                         "allow_remote": "false",
                     }
                 )
-            except twisted.internet.error.DNSLookupError as e:
-                logger.warn("HTTP error fetching remote media %s/%s: %r",
+            except RequestSendFailed as e:
+                logger.warn("Request failed fetching remote media %s/%s: %r",
                             server_name, media_id, e)
-                raise NotFoundError()
+                raise SynapseError(502, "Failed to fetch remote media")
 
             except HttpResponseException as e:
                 logger.warn("HTTP error fetching remote media %s/%s: %s",
diff --git a/synapse/rest/media/v1/preview_url_resource.py b/synapse/rest/media/v1/preview_url_resource.py
index d0ecf241b6..ba3ab1d37d 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/media/v1/preview_url_resource.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/media/v1/preview_url_resource.py
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ from twisted.web.resource import Resource
 from twisted.web.server import NOT_DONE_YET
 
 from synapse.api.errors import Codes, SynapseError
-from synapse.http.client import SpiderHttpClient
+from synapse.http.client import SimpleHttpClient
 from synapse.http.server import (
     respond_with_json,
     respond_with_json_bytes,
@@ -69,7 +69,12 @@ class PreviewUrlResource(Resource):
         self.max_spider_size = hs.config.max_spider_size
         self.server_name = hs.hostname
         self.store = hs.get_datastore()
-        self.client = SpiderHttpClient(hs)
+        self.client = SimpleHttpClient(
+            hs,
+            treq_args={"browser_like_redirects": True},
+            ip_whitelist=hs.config.url_preview_ip_range_whitelist,
+            ip_blacklist=hs.config.url_preview_ip_range_blacklist,
+        )
         self.media_repo = media_repo
         self.primary_base_path = media_repo.primary_base_path
         self.media_storage = media_storage
@@ -318,6 +323,11 @@ class PreviewUrlResource(Resource):
                 length, headers, uri, code = yield self.client.get_file(
                     url, output_stream=f, max_size=self.max_spider_size,
                 )
+            except SynapseError:
+                # Pass SynapseErrors through directly, so that the servlet
+                # handler will return a SynapseError to the client instead of
+                # blank data or a 500.
+                raise
             except Exception as e:
                 # FIXME: pass through 404s and other error messages nicely
                 logger.warn("Error downloading %s: %r", url, e)
diff --git a/synapse/rest/saml2/__init__.py b/synapse/rest/saml2/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..68da37ca6a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/rest/saml2/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+import logging
+
+from twisted.web.resource import Resource
+
+from synapse.rest.saml2.metadata_resource import SAML2MetadataResource
+from synapse.rest.saml2.response_resource import SAML2ResponseResource
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class SAML2Resource(Resource):
+    def __init__(self, hs):
+        Resource.__init__(self)
+        self.putChild(b"metadata.xml", SAML2MetadataResource(hs))
+        self.putChild(b"authn_response", SAML2ResponseResource(hs))
diff --git a/synapse/rest/saml2/metadata_resource.py b/synapse/rest/saml2/metadata_resource.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e8c680aeb4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/rest/saml2/metadata_resource.py
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+
+import saml2.metadata
+
+from twisted.web.resource import Resource
+
+
+class SAML2MetadataResource(Resource):
+    """A Twisted web resource which renders the SAML metadata"""
+
+    isLeaf = 1
+
+    def __init__(self, hs):
+        Resource.__init__(self)
+        self.sp_config = hs.config.saml2_sp_config
+
+    def render_GET(self, request):
+        metadata_xml = saml2.metadata.create_metadata_string(
+            configfile=None, config=self.sp_config,
+        )
+        request.setHeader(b"Content-Type", b"text/xml; charset=utf-8")
+        return metadata_xml
diff --git a/synapse/rest/saml2/response_resource.py b/synapse/rest/saml2/response_resource.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..69fb77b322
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/rest/saml2/response_resource.py
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+#
+# Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+import logging
+
+import saml2
+from saml2.client import Saml2Client
+
+from twisted.web.resource import Resource
+from twisted.web.server import NOT_DONE_YET
+
+from synapse.api.errors import CodeMessageException
+from synapse.http.server import wrap_html_request_handler
+from synapse.http.servlet import parse_string
+from synapse.rest.client.v1.login import SSOAuthHandler
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class SAML2ResponseResource(Resource):
+    """A Twisted web resource which handles the SAML response"""
+
+    isLeaf = 1
+
+    def __init__(self, hs):
+        Resource.__init__(self)
+
+        self._saml_client = Saml2Client(hs.config.saml2_sp_config)
+        self._sso_auth_handler = SSOAuthHandler(hs)
+
+    def render_POST(self, request):
+        self._async_render_POST(request)
+        return NOT_DONE_YET
+
+    @wrap_html_request_handler
+    def _async_render_POST(self, request):
+        resp_bytes = parse_string(request, 'SAMLResponse', required=True)
+        relay_state = parse_string(request, 'RelayState', required=True)
+
+        try:
+            saml2_auth = self._saml_client.parse_authn_request_response(
+                resp_bytes, saml2.BINDING_HTTP_POST,
+            )
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.warning("Exception parsing SAML2 response", exc_info=1)
+            raise CodeMessageException(
+                400, "Unable to parse SAML2 response: %s" % (e,),
+            )
+
+        if saml2_auth.not_signed:
+            raise CodeMessageException(400, "SAML2 response was not signed")
+
+        if "uid" not in saml2_auth.ava:
+            raise CodeMessageException(400, "uid not in SAML2 response")
+
+        username = saml2_auth.ava["uid"][0]
+
+        displayName = saml2_auth.ava.get("displayName", [None])[0]
+        return self._sso_auth_handler.on_successful_auth(
+            username, request, relay_state,
+            user_display_name=displayName,
+        )
diff --git a/synapse/rest/well_known.py b/synapse/rest/well_known.py
index 6e043d6162..c0a4ae93e5 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/well_known.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/well_known.py
@@ -18,6 +18,8 @@ import logging
 
 from twisted.web.resource import Resource
 
+from synapse.http.server import set_cors_headers
+
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
@@ -59,6 +61,7 @@ class WellKnownResource(Resource):
         self._well_known_builder = WellKnownBuilder(hs)
 
     def render_GET(self, request):
+        set_cors_headers(request)
         r = self._well_known_builder.get_well_known()
         if not r:
             request.setResponseCode(404)
diff --git a/synapse/server.py b/synapse/server.py
index 9985687b95..4d364fccce 100644
--- a/synapse/server.py
+++ b/synapse/server.py
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ from synapse.api.filtering import Filtering
 from synapse.api.ratelimiting import Ratelimiter
 from synapse.appservice.api import ApplicationServiceApi
 from synapse.appservice.scheduler import ApplicationServiceScheduler
+from synapse.crypto import context_factory
 from synapse.crypto.keyring import Keyring
 from synapse.events.builder import EventBuilderFactory
 from synapse.events.spamcheck import SpamChecker
@@ -46,6 +47,7 @@ from synapse.federation.transport.client import TransportLayerClient
 from synapse.groups.attestations import GroupAttestationSigning, GroupAttestionRenewer
 from synapse.groups.groups_server import GroupsServerHandler
 from synapse.handlers import Handlers
+from synapse.handlers.acme import AcmeHandler
 from synapse.handlers.appservice import ApplicationServicesHandler
 from synapse.handlers.auth import AuthHandler, MacaroonGenerator
 from synapse.handlers.deactivate_account import DeactivateAccountHandler
@@ -62,6 +64,7 @@ from synapse.handlers.presence import PresenceHandler
 from synapse.handlers.profile import BaseProfileHandler, MasterProfileHandler
 from synapse.handlers.read_marker import ReadMarkerHandler
 from synapse.handlers.receipts import ReceiptsHandler
+from synapse.handlers.register import RegistrationHandler
 from synapse.handlers.room import RoomContextHandler, RoomCreationHandler
 from synapse.handlers.room_list import RoomListHandler
 from synapse.handlers.room_member import RoomMemberMasterHandler
@@ -111,6 +114,8 @@ class HomeServer(object):
 
     Attributes:
         config (synapse.config.homeserver.HomeserverConfig):
+        _listening_services (list[twisted.internet.tcp.Port]): TCP ports that
+            we are listening on to provide HTTP services.
     """
 
     __metaclass__ = abc.ABCMeta
@@ -129,6 +134,7 @@ class HomeServer(object):
         'sync_handler',
         'typing_handler',
         'room_list_handler',
+        'acme_handler',
         'auth_handler',
         'device_handler',
         'e2e_keys_handler',
@@ -176,6 +182,7 @@ class HomeServer(object):
         'pagination_handler',
         'room_context_handler',
         'sendmail',
+        'registration_handler',
     ]
 
     # This is overridden in derived application classes
@@ -194,6 +201,7 @@ class HomeServer(object):
         self._reactor = reactor
         self.hostname = hostname
         self._building = {}
+        self._listening_services = []
 
         self.clock = Clock(reactor)
         self.distributor = Distributor()
@@ -310,6 +318,9 @@ class HomeServer(object):
     def build_e2e_room_keys_handler(self):
         return E2eRoomKeysHandler(self)
 
+    def build_acme_handler(self):
+        return AcmeHandler(self)
+
     def build_application_service_api(self):
         return ApplicationServiceApi(self)
 
@@ -350,10 +361,7 @@ class HomeServer(object):
         return Keyring(self)
 
     def build_event_builder_factory(self):
-        return EventBuilderFactory(
-            clock=self.get_clock(),
-            hostname=self.hostname,
-        )
+        return EventBuilderFactory(self)
 
     def build_filtering(self):
         return Filtering(self)
@@ -362,7 +370,10 @@ class HomeServer(object):
         return PusherPool(self)
 
     def build_http_client(self):
-        return MatrixFederationHttpClient(self)
+        tls_client_options_factory = context_factory.ClientTLSOptionsFactory(
+            self.config
+        )
+        return MatrixFederationHttpClient(self, tls_client_options_factory)
 
     def build_db_pool(self):
         name = self.db_config["name"]
@@ -472,6 +483,9 @@ class HomeServer(object):
     def build_room_context_handler(self):
         return RoomContextHandler(self)
 
+    def build_registration_handler(self):
+        return RegistrationHandler(self)
+
     def remove_pusher(self, app_id, push_key, user_id):
         return self.get_pusherpool().remove_pusher(app_id, push_key, user_id)
 
diff --git a/synapse/state/__init__.py b/synapse/state/__init__.py
index 70048b0c09..68058f613c 100644
--- a/synapse/state/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/state/__init__.py
@@ -607,9 +607,11 @@ def resolve_events_with_store(room_version, state_sets, event_map, state_res_sto
         return v1.resolve_events_with_store(
             state_sets, event_map, state_res_store.get_events,
         )
-    elif room_version in (RoomVersions.VDH_TEST, RoomVersions.STATE_V2_TEST):
+    elif room_version in (
+        RoomVersions.STATE_V2_TEST, RoomVersions.V2, RoomVersions.V3,
+    ):
         return v2.resolve_events_with_store(
-            state_sets, event_map, state_res_store,
+            room_version, state_sets, event_map, state_res_store,
         )
     else:
         # This should only happen if we added a version but forgot to add it to
diff --git a/synapse/state/v1.py b/synapse/state/v1.py
index 19e091ce3b..6d3afcae7c 100644
--- a/synapse/state/v1.py
+++ b/synapse/state/v1.py
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ from six import iteritems, iterkeys, itervalues
 from twisted.internet import defer
 
 from synapse import event_auth
-from synapse.api.constants import EventTypes
+from synapse.api.constants import EventTypes, RoomVersions
 from synapse.api.errors import AuthError
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
@@ -274,7 +274,11 @@ def _resolve_auth_events(events, auth_events):
         auth_events[(prev_event.type, prev_event.state_key)] = prev_event
         try:
             # The signatures have already been checked at this point
-            event_auth.check(event, auth_events, do_sig_check=False, do_size_check=False)
+            event_auth.check(
+                RoomVersions.V1, event, auth_events,
+                do_sig_check=False,
+                do_size_check=False,
+            )
             prev_event = event
         except AuthError:
             return prev_event
@@ -286,7 +290,11 @@ def _resolve_normal_events(events, auth_events):
     for event in _ordered_events(events):
         try:
             # The signatures have already been checked at this point
-            event_auth.check(event, auth_events, do_sig_check=False, do_size_check=False)
+            event_auth.check(
+                RoomVersions.V1, event, auth_events,
+                do_sig_check=False,
+                do_size_check=False,
+            )
             return event
         except AuthError:
             pass
diff --git a/synapse/state/v2.py b/synapse/state/v2.py
index 3573bb0028..650995c92c 100644
--- a/synapse/state/v2.py
+++ b/synapse/state/v2.py
@@ -29,10 +29,12 @@ logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
 @defer.inlineCallbacks
-def resolve_events_with_store(state_sets, event_map, state_res_store):
+def resolve_events_with_store(room_version, state_sets, event_map, state_res_store):
     """Resolves the state using the v2 state resolution algorithm
 
     Args:
+        room_version (str): The room version
+
         state_sets(list): List of dicts of (type, state_key) -> event_id,
             which are the different state groups to resolve.
 
@@ -104,7 +106,7 @@ def resolve_events_with_store(state_sets, event_map, state_res_store):
 
     # Now sequentially auth each one
     resolved_state = yield _iterative_auth_checks(
-        sorted_power_events, unconflicted_state, event_map,
+        room_version, sorted_power_events, unconflicted_state, event_map,
         state_res_store,
     )
 
@@ -129,7 +131,7 @@ def resolve_events_with_store(state_sets, event_map, state_res_store):
     logger.debug("resolving remaining events")
 
     resolved_state = yield _iterative_auth_checks(
-        leftover_events, resolved_state, event_map,
+        room_version, leftover_events, resolved_state, event_map,
         state_res_store,
     )
 
@@ -350,11 +352,13 @@ def _reverse_topological_power_sort(event_ids, event_map, state_res_store, auth_
 
 
 @defer.inlineCallbacks
-def _iterative_auth_checks(event_ids, base_state, event_map, state_res_store):
+def _iterative_auth_checks(room_version, event_ids, base_state, event_map,
+                           state_res_store):
     """Sequentially apply auth checks to each event in given list, updating the
     state as it goes along.
 
     Args:
+        room_version (str)
         event_ids (list[str]): Ordered list of events to apply auth checks to
         base_state (dict[tuple[str, str], str]): The set of state to start with
         event_map (dict[str,FrozenEvent])
@@ -385,7 +389,7 @@ def _iterative_auth_checks(event_ids, base_state, event_map, state_res_store):
 
         try:
             event_auth.check(
-                event, auth_events,
+                room_version, event, auth_events,
                 do_sig_check=False,
                 do_size_check=False
             )
diff --git a/synapse/static/index.html b/synapse/static/index.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d3f1c7dce0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/static/index.html
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+  <head>
+   <title>Synapse is running</title>
+   <style>
+       body {
+         font-family: -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Oxygen-Sans,Ubuntu,Cantarell,"Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;
+         max-width: 40em;
+         margin: auto;
+         text-align: center;
+       }
+       h1, p {
+         margin: 1.5em;
+       }
+       hr {
+        border: none;
+        background-color: #ccc;
+        color: #ccc;
+        height: 1px;
+        width: 7em;
+        margin-top: 4em;
+      }
+       .logo {
+         display: block;
+         width: 12em;
+         margin: 4em auto;
+       }
+   </style>
+  </head>
+  <body>
+    <div class="logo">
+       <svg role="img" aria-label="[Matrix logo]" viewBox="0 0 200 85" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
+          <g id="parent" stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd">
+              <g id="child" transform="translate(-122.000000, -6.000000)" fill="#000000" fill-rule="nonzero">
+                  <g id="matrix-logo" transform="translate(122.000000, 6.000000)">
+                      <polygon id="left-bracket" points="2.24708861 1.93811009 2.24708861 82.7268844 8.10278481 82.7268844 8.10278481 84.6652459 0 84.6652459 0 0 8.10278481 0 8.10278481 1.93811009"></polygon>
+                      <path d="M24.8073418,27.5493174 L24.8073418,31.6376991 L24.924557,31.6376991 C26.0227848,30.0814294 27.3455696,28.8730642 28.8951899,28.0163743 C30.4437975,27.1611927 32.2189873,26.7318422 34.218481,26.7318422 C36.1394937,26.7318422 37.8946835,27.102622 39.4825316,27.8416679 C41.0708861,28.5819706 42.276962,29.8856073 43.1005063,31.7548404 C44.0017722,30.431345 45.2270886,29.2629486 46.7767089,28.2506569 C48.3253165,27.2388679 50.158481,26.7318422 52.2764557,26.7318422 C53.8843038,26.7318422 55.3736709,26.9269101 56.7473418,27.3162917 C58.1189873,27.7056734 59.295443,28.3285835 60.2759494,29.185022 C61.255443,30.0422147 62.02,31.1615927 62.5701266,32.5426532 C63.1187342,33.9262275 63.3936709,35.5898349 63.3936709,37.5372459 L63.3936709,57.7443688 L55.0410127,57.7441174 L55.0410127,40.6319376 C55.0410127,39.6201486 55.0020253,38.6661761 54.9232911,37.7700202 C54.8440506,36.8751211 54.6293671,36.0968606 54.2764557,35.4339817 C53.9232911,34.772611 53.403038,34.2464807 52.7177215,33.8568477 C52.0313924,33.4689743 51.0997468,33.2731523 49.9235443,33.2731523 C48.7473418,33.2731523 47.7962025,33.4983853 47.0706329,33.944578 C46.344557,34.393033 45.7764557,34.9774826 45.3650633,35.6969211 C44.9534177,36.4181193 44.6787342,37.2353431 44.5417722,38.150855 C44.4037975,39.0653615 44.3356962,39.9904257 44.3356962,40.9247908 L44.3356962,57.7443688 L35.9835443,57.7443688 L35.9835443,40.8079009 C35.9835443,39.9124991 35.963038,39.0263982 35.9253165,38.150855 C35.8853165,37.2743064 35.7192405,36.4666349 35.424557,35.7263321 C35.1303797,34.9872862 34.64,34.393033 33.9539241,33.944578 C33.2675949,33.4983853 32.2579747,33.2731523 30.9248101,33.2731523 C30.5321519,33.2731523 30.0126582,33.3608826 29.3663291,33.5365945 C28.7192405,33.7118037 28.0913924,34.0433688 27.4840506,34.5292789 C26.875443,35.0164459 26.3564557,35.7172826 25.9250633,36.6315376 C25.4934177,37.5470495 25.2779747,38.7436 25.2779747,40.2229486 L25.2779747,57.7441174 L16.9260759,57.7443688 L16.9260759,27.5493174 L24.8073418,27.5493174 Z" id="m"></path>
+                      <path d="M68.7455696,31.9886202 C69.6075949,30.7033339 70.7060759,29.672189 72.0397468,28.8926716 C73.3724051,28.1141596 74.8716456,27.5596239 76.5387342,27.2283101 C78.2050633,26.8977505 79.8817722,26.7315908 81.5678481,26.7315908 C83.0974684,26.7315908 84.6458228,26.8391798 86.2144304,27.0525982 C87.7827848,27.2675248 89.2144304,27.6865688 90.5086076,28.3087248 C91.8025316,28.9313835 92.8610127,29.7983798 93.6848101,30.9074514 C94.5083544,32.0170257 94.92,33.4870734 94.92,35.3173431 L94.92,51.026844 C94.92,52.3913138 94.998481,53.6941963 95.1556962,54.9400165 C95.3113924,56.1865908 95.5863291,57.120956 95.9787342,57.7436147 L87.5091139,57.7436147 C87.3518987,57.276055 87.2240506,56.7996972 87.1265823,56.3125303 C87.0278481,55.8266202 86.9592405,55.3301523 86.9207595,54.8236294 C85.5873418,56.1865908 84.0182278,57.1405633 82.2156962,57.6857982 C80.4113924,58.2295248 78.5683544,58.503022 76.6860759,58.503022 C75.2346835,58.503022 73.8817722,58.3275615 72.6270886,57.9776459 C71.3718987,57.6269761 70.2744304,57.082244 69.3334177,56.3411872 C68.3921519,55.602644 67.656962,54.6680275 67.1275949,53.5390972 C66.5982278,52.410167 66.3331646,51.065556 66.3331646,49.5087835 C66.3331646,47.7961578 66.6367089,46.384178 67.2455696,45.2756092 C67.8529114,44.1652807 68.6367089,43.2799339 69.5987342,42.6173064 C70.5589873,41.9556844 71.6567089,41.4592165 72.8924051,41.1284055 C74.1273418,40.7978459 75.3721519,40.5356606 76.6270886,40.3398385 C77.8820253,40.1457761 79.116962,39.9896716 80.3329114,39.873033 C81.5483544,39.7558917 82.6270886,39.5804312 83.5681013,39.3469028 C84.5093671,39.1133743 85.2536709,38.7732624 85.8032911,38.3250587 C86.3513924,37.8773578 86.6063291,37.2252881 86.5678481,36.3680954 C86.5678481,35.4731963 86.4210127,34.7620532 86.1268354,34.2366771 C85.8329114,33.7113009 85.4405063,33.3018092 84.9506329,33.0099615 C84.4602532,32.7181138 83.8916456,32.5232972 83.2450633,32.4255119 C82.5977215,32.3294862 81.9010127,32.2797138 81.156962,32.2797138 C79.5098734,32.2797138 78.2159494,32.6303835 77.2746835,33.3312202 C76.3339241,34.0320569 75.7837975,35.2007046 75.6275949,36.8354037 L67.275443,36.8354037 C67.3924051,34.8892495 67.8817722,33.2726495 68.7455696,31.9886202 Z M85.2440506,43.6984752 C84.7149367,43.873433 84.1460759,44.0189798 83.5387342,44.1361211 C82.9306329,44.253011 82.2936709,44.350545 81.6270886,44.4279688 C80.96,44.5066495 80.2934177,44.6034294 79.6273418,44.7203193 C78.9994937,44.8362037 78.3820253,44.9933138 77.7749367,45.1871248 C77.1663291,45.3829468 76.636962,45.6451321 76.1865823,45.9759431 C75.7349367,46.3070055 75.3724051,46.7263009 75.0979747,47.2313156 C74.8232911,47.7375872 74.6863291,48.380356 74.6863291,49.1588679 C74.6863291,49.8979138 74.8232911,50.5218294 75.0979747,51.026844 C75.3724051,51.5338697 75.7455696,51.9328037 76.2159494,52.2246514 C76.6863291,52.5164991 77.2349367,52.7213706 77.8632911,52.8375064 C78.4898734,52.9546477 79.136962,53.012967 79.8037975,53.012967 C81.4506329,53.012967 82.724557,52.740978 83.6273418,52.1952404 C84.5288608,51.6507596 85.1949367,50.9981872 85.6270886,50.2382771 C86.0579747,49.4793725 86.323038,48.7119211 86.4212658,47.9321523 C86.518481,47.1536404 86.5681013,46.5304789 86.5681013,46.063422 L86.5681013,42.9677248 C86.2146835,43.2799339 85.7736709,43.5230147 85.2440506,43.6984752 Z" id="a"></path>
+                      <path d="M116.917975,27.5493174 L116.917975,33.0976917 L110.801266,33.0976917 L110.801266,48.0492936 C110.801266,49.4502128 111.036203,50.3850807 111.507089,50.8518862 C111.976962,51.3191945 112.918734,51.5527229 114.33038,51.5527229 C114.801013,51.5527229 115.251392,51.5336183 115.683038,51.4944037 C116.114177,51.4561945 116.526076,51.3968697 116.917975,51.3194459 L116.917975,57.7438661 C116.212152,57.860756 115.427595,57.9381798 114.565316,57.9778972 C113.702785,58.0153523 112.859747,58.0357138 112.036203,58.0357138 C110.742278,58.0357138 109.516456,57.9477321 108.36,57.7722716 C107.202785,57.5975651 106.183544,57.2577046 105.301519,56.7509303 C104.418987,56.2454128 103.722785,55.5242147 103.213418,54.5898495 C102.703038,53.6562385 102.448608,52.4292716 102.448608,50.9099541 L102.448608,33.0976917 L97.3903797,33.0976917 L97.3903797,27.5493174 L102.448608,27.5493174 L102.448608,18.4967596 L110.801013,18.4967596 L110.801013,27.5493174 L116.917975,27.5493174 Z" id="t"></path>
+                      <path d="M128.857975,27.5493174 L128.857975,33.1565138 L128.975696,33.1565138 C129.367089,32.2213945 129.896203,31.3559064 130.563544,30.557033 C131.23038,29.7596679 131.99443,29.0776844 132.857215,28.5130936 C133.719241,27.9495083 134.641266,27.5113596 135.622532,27.1988991 C136.601772,26.8879468 137.622025,26.7315908 138.681013,26.7315908 C139.229873,26.7315908 139.836962,26.8296275 140.504304,27.0239413 L140.504304,34.7336477 C140.111646,34.6552183 139.641013,34.586844 139.092658,34.5290275 C138.543291,34.4704569 138.014177,34.4410459 137.504304,34.4410459 C135.974937,34.4410459 134.681013,34.6949358 133.622785,35.2004532 C132.564051,35.7067248 131.711392,36.397255 131.064051,37.2735523 C130.417215,38.1501009 129.955443,39.1714422 129.681266,40.3398385 C129.407089,41.5074807 129.269873,42.7736624 129.269873,44.1361211 L129.269873,57.7438661 L120.917722,57.7438661 L120.917722,27.5493174 L128.857975,27.5493174 Z" id="r"></path>
+                      <path d="M144.033165,22.8767376 L144.033165,16.0435798 L152.386076,16.0435798 L152.386076,22.8767376 L144.033165,22.8767376 Z M152.386076,27.5493174 L152.386076,57.7438661 L144.033165,57.7438661 L144.033165,27.5493174 L152.386076,27.5493174 Z" id="i"></path>
+                      <polygon id="x" points="156.738228 27.5493174 166.266582 27.5493174 171.619494 35.4337303 176.913418 27.5493174 186.147848 27.5493174 176.148861 41.6831927 187.383544 57.7441174 177.85443 57.7441174 171.501772 48.2245028 165.148861 57.7441174 155.797468 57.7441174 166.737468 41.8589046"></polygon>
+                      <polygon id="right-bracket" points="197.580759 82.7268844 197.580759 1.93811009 191.725063 1.93811009 191.725063 0 199.828354 0 199.828354 84.6652459 191.725063 84.6652459 191.725063 82.7268844"></polygon>
+                  </g>
+              </g>
+          </g>
+      </svg>
+    </div>
+    <h1>It works! Synapse is running</h1>
+    <p>Your Synapse server is listening on this port and is ready for messages.</p>
+    <p>To use this server you'll need <a href="https://matrix.org/docs/projects/try-matrix-now.html#clients" target="_blank">a Matrix client</a>.
+    </p>
+    <p>Welcome to the Matrix universe :)</p>
+    <hr>
+    <p>
+      <small>
+        <a href="https://matrix.org" target="_blank">
+          matrix.org
+        </a>
+      </small>
+    </p>
+  </body>
+</html>
diff --git a/synapse/storage/__init__.py b/synapse/storage/__init__.py
index 24329879e5..42cd3c83ad 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/__init__.py
@@ -317,7 +317,7 @@ class DataStore(RoomMemberStore, RoomStore,
                               thirty_days_ago_in_secs))
 
             for row in txn:
-                if row[0] is 'unknown':
+                if row[0] == 'unknown':
                     pass
                 results[row[0]] = row[1]
 
diff --git a/synapse/storage/_base.py b/synapse/storage/_base.py
index 1d3069b143..3d895da43c 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/_base.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/_base.py
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
 # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
+import itertools
 import logging
 import sys
 import threading
@@ -26,7 +27,9 @@ from prometheus_client import Histogram
 from twisted.internet import defer
 
 from synapse.api.errors import StoreError
-from synapse.storage.engines import PostgresEngine
+from synapse.metrics.background_process_metrics import run_as_background_process
+from synapse.storage.engines import PostgresEngine, Sqlite3Engine
+from synapse.types import get_domain_from_id
 from synapse.util.caches.descriptors import Cache
 from synapse.util.logcontext import LoggingContext, PreserveLoggingContext
 from synapse.util.stringutils import exception_to_unicode
@@ -49,6 +52,25 @@ sql_query_timer = Histogram("synapse_storage_query_time", "sec", ["verb"])
 sql_txn_timer = Histogram("synapse_storage_transaction_time", "sec", ["desc"])
 
 
+# Unique indexes which have been added in background updates. Maps from table name
+# to the name of the background update which added the unique index to that table.
+#
+# This is used by the upsert logic to figure out which tables are safe to do a proper
+# UPSERT on: until the relevant background update has completed, we
+# have to emulate an upsert by locking the table.
+#
+UNIQUE_INDEX_BACKGROUND_UPDATES = {
+    "user_ips": "user_ips_device_unique_index",
+    "device_lists_remote_extremeties": "device_lists_remote_extremeties_unique_idx",
+    "device_lists_remote_cache": "device_lists_remote_cache_unique_idx",
+    "event_search": "event_search_event_id_idx",
+}
+
+# This is a special cache name we use to batch multiple invalidations of caches
+# based on the current state when notifying workers over replication.
+_CURRENT_STATE_CACHE_NAME = "cs_cache_fake"
+
+
 class LoggingTransaction(object):
     """An object that almost-transparently proxies for the 'txn' object
     passed to the constructor. Adds logging and metrics to the .execute()
@@ -84,6 +106,14 @@ class LoggingTransaction(object):
     def __iter__(self):
         return self.txn.__iter__()
 
+    def execute_batch(self, sql, args):
+        if isinstance(self.database_engine, PostgresEngine):
+            from psycopg2.extras import execute_batch
+            self._do_execute(lambda *x: execute_batch(self.txn, *x), sql, args)
+        else:
+            for val in args:
+                self.execute(sql, val)
+
     def execute(self, sql, *args):
         self._do_execute(self.txn.execute, sql, *args)
 
@@ -192,6 +222,57 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
 
         self.database_engine = hs.database_engine
 
+        # A set of tables that are not safe to use native upserts in.
+        self._unsafe_to_upsert_tables = set(UNIQUE_INDEX_BACKGROUND_UPDATES.keys())
+
+        # We add the user_directory_search table to the blacklist on SQLite
+        # because the existing search table does not have an index, making it
+        # unsafe to use native upserts.
+        if isinstance(self.database_engine, Sqlite3Engine):
+            self._unsafe_to_upsert_tables.add("user_directory_search")
+
+        if self.database_engine.can_native_upsert:
+            # Check ASAP (and then later, every 1s) to see if we have finished
+            # background updates of tables that aren't safe to update.
+            self._clock.call_later(
+                0.0,
+                run_as_background_process,
+                "upsert_safety_check",
+                self._check_safe_to_upsert
+            )
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def _check_safe_to_upsert(self):
+        """
+        Is it safe to use native UPSERT?
+
+        If there are background updates, we will need to wait, as they may be
+        the addition of indexes that set the UNIQUE constraint that we require.
+
+        If the background updates have not completed, wait 15 sec and check again.
+        """
+        updates = yield self._simple_select_list(
+            "background_updates",
+            keyvalues=None,
+            retcols=["update_name"],
+            desc="check_background_updates",
+        )
+        updates = [x["update_name"] for x in updates]
+
+        for table, update_name in UNIQUE_INDEX_BACKGROUND_UPDATES.items():
+            if update_name not in updates:
+                logger.debug("Now safe to upsert in %s", table)
+                self._unsafe_to_upsert_tables.discard(table)
+
+        # If there's any updates still running, reschedule to run.
+        if updates:
+            self._clock.call_later(
+                15.0,
+                run_as_background_process,
+                "upsert_safety_check",
+                self._check_safe_to_upsert
+            )
+
     def start_profiling(self):
         self._previous_loop_ts = self._clock.time_msec()
 
@@ -494,8 +575,15 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
         txn.executemany(sql, vals)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _simple_upsert(self, table, keyvalues, values,
-                       insertion_values={}, desc="_simple_upsert", lock=True):
+    def _simple_upsert(
+        self,
+        table,
+        keyvalues,
+        values,
+        insertion_values={},
+        desc="_simple_upsert",
+        lock=True
+    ):
         """
 
         `lock` should generally be set to True (the default), but can be set
@@ -516,16 +604,21 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
                 inserting
             lock (bool): True to lock the table when doing the upsert.
         Returns:
-            Deferred(bool): True if a new entry was created, False if an
-                existing one was updated.
+            Deferred(None or bool): Native upserts always return None. Emulated
+            upserts return True if a new entry was created, False if an existing
+            one was updated.
         """
         attempts = 0
         while True:
             try:
                 result = yield self.runInteraction(
                     desc,
-                    self._simple_upsert_txn, table, keyvalues, values, insertion_values,
-                    lock=lock
+                    self._simple_upsert_txn,
+                    table,
+                    keyvalues,
+                    values,
+                    insertion_values,
+                    lock=lock,
                 )
                 defer.returnValue(result)
             except self.database_engine.module.IntegrityError as e:
@@ -537,30 +630,111 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
 
                 # presumably we raced with another transaction: let's retry.
                 logger.warn(
-                    "IntegrityError when upserting into %s; retrying: %s",
-                    table, e
+                    "%s when upserting into %s; retrying: %s", e.__name__, table, e
                 )
 
-    def _simple_upsert_txn(self, txn, table, keyvalues, values, insertion_values={},
-                           lock=True):
+    def _simple_upsert_txn(
+        self,
+        txn,
+        table,
+        keyvalues,
+        values,
+        insertion_values={},
+        lock=True,
+    ):
+        """
+        Pick the UPSERT method which works best on the platform. Either the
+        native one (Pg9.5+, recent SQLites), or fall back to an emulated method.
+
+        Args:
+            txn: The transaction to use.
+            table (str): The table to upsert into
+            keyvalues (dict): The unique key tables and their new values
+            values (dict): The nonunique columns and their new values
+            insertion_values (dict): additional key/values to use only when
+                inserting
+            lock (bool): True to lock the table when doing the upsert.
+        Returns:
+            None or bool: Native upserts always return None. Emulated
+            upserts return True if a new entry was created, False if an existing
+            one was updated.
+        """
+        if (
+            self.database_engine.can_native_upsert
+            and table not in self._unsafe_to_upsert_tables
+        ):
+            return self._simple_upsert_txn_native_upsert(
+                txn,
+                table,
+                keyvalues,
+                values,
+                insertion_values=insertion_values,
+            )
+        else:
+            return self._simple_upsert_txn_emulated(
+                txn,
+                table,
+                keyvalues,
+                values,
+                insertion_values=insertion_values,
+                lock=lock,
+            )
+
+    def _simple_upsert_txn_emulated(
+        self, txn, table, keyvalues, values, insertion_values={}, lock=True
+    ):
+        """
+        Args:
+            table (str): The table to upsert into
+            keyvalues (dict): The unique key tables and their new values
+            values (dict): The nonunique columns and their new values
+            insertion_values (dict): additional key/values to use only when
+                inserting
+            lock (bool): True to lock the table when doing the upsert.
+        Returns:
+            bool: Return True if a new entry was created, False if an existing
+            one was updated.
+        """
         # We need to lock the table :(, unless we're *really* careful
         if lock:
             self.database_engine.lock_table(txn, table)
 
-        # First try to update.
-        sql = "UPDATE %s SET %s WHERE %s" % (
-            table,
-            ", ".join("%s = ?" % (k,) for k in values),
-            " AND ".join("%s = ?" % (k,) for k in keyvalues)
-        )
-        sqlargs = list(values.values()) + list(keyvalues.values())
+        def _getwhere(key):
+            # If the value we're passing in is None (aka NULL), we need to use
+            # IS, not =, as NULL = NULL equals NULL (False).
+            if keyvalues[key] is None:
+                return "%s IS ?" % (key,)
+            else:
+                return "%s = ?" % (key,)
+
+        if not values:
+            # If `values` is empty, then all of the values we care about are in
+            # the unique key, so there is nothing to UPDATE. We can just do a
+            # SELECT instead to see if it exists.
+            sql = "SELECT 1 FROM %s WHERE %s" % (
+                table,
+                " AND ".join(_getwhere(k) for k in keyvalues)
+            )
+            sqlargs = list(keyvalues.values())
+            txn.execute(sql, sqlargs)
+            if txn.fetchall():
+                # We have an existing record.
+                return False
+        else:
+            # First try to update.
+            sql = "UPDATE %s SET %s WHERE %s" % (
+                table,
+                ", ".join("%s = ?" % (k,) for k in values),
+                " AND ".join(_getwhere(k) for k in keyvalues)
+            )
+            sqlargs = list(values.values()) + list(keyvalues.values())
 
-        txn.execute(sql, sqlargs)
-        if txn.rowcount > 0:
-            # successfully updated at least one row.
-            return False
+            txn.execute(sql, sqlargs)
+            if txn.rowcount > 0:
+                # successfully updated at least one row.
+                return False
 
-        # We didn't update any rows so insert a new one
+        # We didn't find any existing rows, so insert a new one
         allvalues = {}
         allvalues.update(keyvalues)
         allvalues.update(values)
@@ -569,12 +743,144 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
         sql = "INSERT INTO %s (%s) VALUES (%s)" % (
             table,
             ", ".join(k for k in allvalues),
-            ", ".join("?" for _ in allvalues)
+            ", ".join("?" for _ in allvalues),
         )
         txn.execute(sql, list(allvalues.values()))
         # successfully inserted
         return True
 
+    def _simple_upsert_txn_native_upsert(
+        self, txn, table, keyvalues, values, insertion_values={}
+    ):
+        """
+        Use the native UPSERT functionality in recent PostgreSQL versions.
+
+        Args:
+            table (str): The table to upsert into
+            keyvalues (dict): The unique key tables and their new values
+            values (dict): The nonunique columns and their new values
+            insertion_values (dict): additional key/values to use only when
+                inserting
+        Returns:
+            None
+        """
+        allvalues = {}
+        allvalues.update(keyvalues)
+        allvalues.update(values)
+        allvalues.update(insertion_values)
+
+        sql = (
+            "INSERT INTO %s (%s) VALUES (%s) "
+            "ON CONFLICT (%s) DO UPDATE SET %s"
+        ) % (
+            table,
+            ", ".join(k for k in allvalues),
+            ", ".join("?" for _ in allvalues),
+            ", ".join(k for k in keyvalues),
+            ", ".join(k + "=EXCLUDED." + k for k in values),
+        )
+        txn.execute(sql, list(allvalues.values()))
+
+    def _simple_upsert_many_txn(
+        self, txn, table, key_names, key_values, value_names, value_values
+    ):
+        """
+        Upsert, many times.
+
+        Args:
+            table (str): The table to upsert into
+            key_names (list[str]): The key column names.
+            key_values (list[list]): A list of each row's key column values.
+            value_names (list[str]): The value column names. If empty, no
+                values will be used, even if value_values is provided.
+            value_values (list[list]): A list of each row's value column values.
+        Returns:
+            None
+        """
+        if (
+            self.database_engine.can_native_upsert
+            and table not in self._unsafe_to_upsert_tables
+        ):
+            return self._simple_upsert_many_txn_native_upsert(
+                txn, table, key_names, key_values, value_names, value_values
+            )
+        else:
+            return self._simple_upsert_many_txn_emulated(
+                txn, table, key_names, key_values, value_names, value_values
+            )
+
+    def _simple_upsert_many_txn_emulated(
+        self, txn, table, key_names, key_values, value_names, value_values
+    ):
+        """
+        Upsert, many times, but without native UPSERT support or batching.
+
+        Args:
+            table (str): The table to upsert into
+            key_names (list[str]): The key column names.
+            key_values (list[list]): A list of each row's key column values.
+            value_names (list[str]): The value column names. If empty, no
+                values will be used, even if value_values is provided.
+            value_values (list[list]): A list of each row's value column values.
+        Returns:
+            None
+        """
+        # No value columns, therefore make a blank list so that the following
+        # zip() works correctly.
+        if not value_names:
+            value_values = [() for x in range(len(key_values))]
+
+        for keyv, valv in zip(key_values, value_values):
+            _keys = {x: y for x, y in zip(key_names, keyv)}
+            _vals = {x: y for x, y in zip(value_names, valv)}
+
+            self._simple_upsert_txn_emulated(txn, table, _keys, _vals)
+
+    def _simple_upsert_many_txn_native_upsert(
+        self, txn, table, key_names, key_values, value_names, value_values
+    ):
+        """
+        Upsert, many times, using batching where possible.
+
+        Args:
+            table (str): The table to upsert into
+            key_names (list[str]): The key column names.
+            key_values (list[list]): A list of each row's key column values.
+            value_names (list[str]): The value column names. If empty, no
+                values will be used, even if value_values is provided.
+            value_values (list[list]): A list of each row's value column values.
+        Returns:
+            None
+        """
+        allnames = []
+        allnames.extend(key_names)
+        allnames.extend(value_names)
+
+        if not value_names:
+            # No value columns, therefore make a blank list so that the
+            # following zip() works correctly.
+            latter = "NOTHING"
+            value_values = [() for x in range(len(key_values))]
+        else:
+            latter = (
+                "UPDATE SET " + ", ".join(k + "=EXCLUDED." + k for k in value_names)
+            )
+
+        sql = "INSERT INTO %s (%s) VALUES (%s) ON CONFLICT (%s) DO %s" % (
+            table,
+            ", ".join(k for k in allnames),
+            ", ".join("?" for _ in allnames),
+            ", ".join(key_names),
+            latter,
+        )
+
+        args = []
+
+        for x, y in zip(key_values, value_values):
+            args.append(tuple(x) + tuple(y))
+
+        return txn.execute_batch(sql, args)
+
     def _simple_select_one(self, table, keyvalues, retcols,
                            allow_none=False, desc="_simple_select_one"):
         """Executes a SELECT query on the named table, which is expected to
@@ -1006,6 +1312,56 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
         be invalidated.
         """
         txn.call_after(cache_func.invalidate, keys)
+        self._send_invalidation_to_replication(txn, cache_func.__name__, keys)
+
+    def _invalidate_state_caches_and_stream(self, txn, room_id, members_changed):
+        """Special case invalidation of caches based on current state.
+
+        We special case this so that we can batch the cache invalidations into a
+        single replication poke.
+
+        Args:
+            txn
+            room_id (str): Room where state changed
+            members_changed (iterable[str]): The user_ids of members that have changed
+        """
+        txn.call_after(self._invalidate_state_caches, room_id, members_changed)
+
+        keys = itertools.chain([room_id], members_changed)
+        self._send_invalidation_to_replication(
+            txn, _CURRENT_STATE_CACHE_NAME, keys,
+        )
+
+    def _invalidate_state_caches(self, room_id, members_changed):
+        """Invalidates caches that are based on the current state, but does
+        not stream invalidations down replication.
+
+        Args:
+            room_id (str): Room where state changed
+            members_changed (iterable[str]): The user_ids of members that have
+                changed
+        """
+        for member in members_changed:
+            self.get_rooms_for_user_with_stream_ordering.invalidate((member,))
+
+        for host in set(get_domain_from_id(u) for u in members_changed):
+            self.is_host_joined.invalidate((room_id, host))
+            self.was_host_joined.invalidate((room_id, host))
+
+        self.get_users_in_room.invalidate((room_id,))
+        self.get_room_summary.invalidate((room_id,))
+        self.get_current_state_ids.invalidate((room_id,))
+
+    def _send_invalidation_to_replication(self, txn, cache_name, keys):
+        """Notifies replication that given cache has been invalidated.
+
+        Note that this does *not* invalidate the cache locally.
+
+        Args:
+            txn
+            cache_name (str)
+            keys (iterable[str])
+        """
 
         if isinstance(self.database_engine, PostgresEngine):
             # get_next() returns a context manager which is designed to wrap
@@ -1023,7 +1379,7 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
                 table="cache_invalidation_stream",
                 values={
                     "stream_id": stream_id,
-                    "cache_func": cache_func.__name__,
+                    "cache_func": cache_name,
                     "keys": list(keys),
                     "invalidation_ts": self.clock.time_msec(),
                 }
diff --git a/synapse/storage/background_updates.py b/synapse/storage/background_updates.py
index 5fe1ca2de7..60cdc884e6 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/background_updates.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/background_updates.py
@@ -240,7 +240,7 @@ class BackgroundUpdateStore(SQLBaseStore):
         * An integer count of the number of items to update in this batch.
 
         The handler should return a deferred integer count of items updated.
-        The hander is responsible for updating the progress of the update.
+        The handler is responsible for updating the progress of the update.
 
         Args:
             update_name(str): The name of the update that this code handles.
diff --git a/synapse/storage/client_ips.py b/synapse/storage/client_ips.py
index 9ad17b7c25..9c21362226 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/client_ips.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/client_ips.py
@@ -65,7 +65,32 @@ class ClientIpStore(background_updates.BackgroundUpdateStore):
             columns=["last_seen"],
         )
 
-        # (user_id, access_token, ip) -> (user_agent, device_id, last_seen)
+        self.register_background_update_handler(
+            "user_ips_analyze",
+            self._analyze_user_ip,
+        )
+
+        self.register_background_update_handler(
+            "user_ips_remove_dupes",
+            self._remove_user_ip_dupes,
+        )
+
+        # Register a unique index
+        self.register_background_index_update(
+            "user_ips_device_unique_index",
+            index_name="user_ips_user_token_ip_unique_index",
+            table="user_ips",
+            columns=["user_id", "access_token", "ip"],
+            unique=True,
+        )
+
+        # Drop the old non-unique index
+        self.register_background_update_handler(
+            "user_ips_drop_nonunique_index",
+            self._remove_user_ip_nonunique,
+        )
+
+        # (user_id, access_token, ip,) -> (user_agent, device_id, last_seen)
         self._batch_row_update = {}
 
         self._client_ip_looper = self._clock.looping_call(
@@ -76,6 +101,205 @@ class ClientIpStore(background_updates.BackgroundUpdateStore):
         )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def _remove_user_ip_nonunique(self, progress, batch_size):
+        def f(conn):
+            txn = conn.cursor()
+            txn.execute(
+                "DROP INDEX IF EXISTS user_ips_user_ip"
+            )
+            txn.close()
+
+        yield self.runWithConnection(f)
+        yield self._end_background_update("user_ips_drop_nonunique_index")
+        defer.returnValue(1)
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def _analyze_user_ip(self, progress, batch_size):
+        # Background update to analyze user_ips table before we run the
+        # deduplication background update. The table may not have been analyzed
+        # for ages due to the table locks.
+        #
+        # This will lock out the naive upserts to user_ips while it happens, but
+        # the analyze should be quick (28GB table takes ~10s)
+        def user_ips_analyze(txn):
+            txn.execute("ANALYZE user_ips")
+
+        yield self.runInteraction(
+            "user_ips_analyze", user_ips_analyze
+        )
+
+        yield self._end_background_update("user_ips_analyze")
+
+        defer.returnValue(1)
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def _remove_user_ip_dupes(self, progress, batch_size):
+        # This works function works by scanning the user_ips table in batches
+        # based on `last_seen`. For each row in a batch it searches the rest of
+        # the table to see if there are any duplicates, if there are then they
+        # are removed and replaced with a suitable row.
+
+        # Fetch the start of the batch
+        begin_last_seen = progress.get("last_seen", 0)
+
+        def get_last_seen(txn):
+            txn.execute(
+                """
+                SELECT last_seen FROM user_ips
+                WHERE last_seen > ?
+                ORDER BY last_seen
+                LIMIT 1
+                OFFSET ?
+                """,
+                (begin_last_seen, batch_size)
+            )
+            row = txn.fetchone()
+            if row:
+                return row[0]
+            else:
+                return None
+
+        # Get a last seen that has roughly `batch_size` since `begin_last_seen`
+        end_last_seen = yield self.runInteraction(
+            "user_ips_dups_get_last_seen", get_last_seen
+        )
+
+        # If it returns None, then we're processing the last batch
+        last = end_last_seen is None
+
+        logger.info(
+            "Scanning for duplicate 'user_ips' rows in range: %s <= last_seen < %s",
+            begin_last_seen, end_last_seen,
+        )
+
+        def remove(txn):
+            # This works by looking at all entries in the given time span, and
+            # then for each (user_id, access_token, ip) tuple in that range
+            # checking for any duplicates in the rest of the table (via a join).
+            # It then only returns entries which have duplicates, and the max
+            # last_seen across all duplicates, which can the be used to delete
+            # all other duplicates.
+            # It is efficient due to the existence of (user_id, access_token,
+            # ip) and (last_seen) indices.
+
+            # Define the search space, which requires handling the last batch in
+            # a different way
+            if last:
+                clause = "? <= last_seen"
+                args = (begin_last_seen,)
+            else:
+                clause = "? <= last_seen AND last_seen < ?"
+                args = (begin_last_seen, end_last_seen)
+
+            # (Note: The DISTINCT in the inner query is important to ensure that
+            # the COUNT(*) is accurate, otherwise double counting may happen due
+            # to the join effectively being a cross product)
+            txn.execute(
+                """
+                SELECT user_id, access_token, ip,
+                       MAX(device_id), MAX(user_agent), MAX(last_seen),
+                       COUNT(*)
+                FROM (
+                    SELECT DISTINCT user_id, access_token, ip
+                    FROM user_ips
+                    WHERE {}
+                ) c
+                INNER JOIN user_ips USING (user_id, access_token, ip)
+                GROUP BY user_id, access_token, ip
+                HAVING count(*) > 1
+                """.format(clause),
+                args
+            )
+            res = txn.fetchall()
+
+            # We've got some duplicates
+            for i in res:
+                user_id, access_token, ip, device_id, user_agent, last_seen, count = i
+
+                # We want to delete the duplicates so we end up with only a
+                # single row.
+                #
+                # The naive way of doing this would be just to delete all rows
+                # and reinsert a constructed row. However, if there are a lot of
+                # duplicate rows this can cause the table to grow a lot, which
+                # can be problematic in two ways:
+                #   1. If user_ips is already large then this can cause the
+                #      table to rapidly grow, potentially filling the disk.
+                #   2. Reinserting a lot of rows can confuse the table
+                #      statistics for postgres, causing it to not use the
+                #      correct indices for the query above, resulting in a full
+                #      table scan. This is incredibly slow for large tables and
+                #      can kill database performance. (This seems to mainly
+                #      happen for the last query where the clause is simply `? <
+                #      last_seen`)
+                #
+                # So instead we want to delete all but *one* of the duplicate
+                # rows. That is hard to do reliably, so we cheat and do a two
+                # step process:
+                #   1. Delete all rows with a last_seen strictly less than the
+                #      max last_seen. This hopefully results in deleting all but
+                #      one row the majority of the time, but there may be
+                #      duplicate last_seen
+                #   2. If multiple rows remain, we fall back to the naive method
+                #      and simply delete all rows and reinsert.
+                #
+                # Note that this relies on no new duplicate rows being inserted,
+                # but if that is happening then this entire process is futile
+                # anyway.
+
+                # Do step 1:
+
+                txn.execute(
+                    """
+                    DELETE FROM user_ips
+                    WHERE user_id = ? AND access_token = ? AND ip = ? AND last_seen < ?
+                    """,
+                    (user_id, access_token, ip, last_seen)
+                )
+                if txn.rowcount == count - 1:
+                    # We deleted all but one of the duplicate rows, i.e. there
+                    # is exactly one remaining and so there is nothing left to
+                    # do.
+                    continue
+                elif txn.rowcount >= count:
+                    raise Exception(
+                        "We deleted more duplicate rows from 'user_ips' than expected",
+                    )
+
+                # The previous step didn't delete enough rows, so we fallback to
+                # step 2:
+
+                # Drop all the duplicates
+                txn.execute(
+                    """
+                    DELETE FROM user_ips
+                    WHERE user_id = ? AND access_token = ? AND ip = ?
+                    """,
+                    (user_id, access_token, ip)
+                )
+
+                # Add in one to be the last_seen
+                txn.execute(
+                    """
+                    INSERT INTO user_ips
+                    (user_id, access_token, ip, device_id, user_agent, last_seen)
+                    VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)
+                    """,
+                    (user_id, access_token, ip, device_id, user_agent, last_seen)
+                )
+
+            self._background_update_progress_txn(
+                txn, "user_ips_remove_dupes", {"last_seen": end_last_seen}
+            )
+
+        yield self.runInteraction("user_ips_dups_remove", remove)
+
+        if last:
+            yield self._end_background_update("user_ips_remove_dupes")
+
+        defer.returnValue(batch_size)
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def insert_client_ip(self, user_id, access_token, ip, user_agent, device_id,
                          now=None):
         if not now:
@@ -114,7 +338,10 @@ class ClientIpStore(background_updates.BackgroundUpdateStore):
         )
 
     def _update_client_ips_batch_txn(self, txn, to_update):
-        self.database_engine.lock_table(txn, "user_ips")
+        if "user_ips" in self._unsafe_to_upsert_tables or (
+            not self.database_engine.can_native_upsert
+        ):
+            self.database_engine.lock_table(txn, "user_ips")
 
         for entry in iteritems(to_update):
             (user_id, access_token, ip), (user_agent, device_id, last_seen) = entry
@@ -127,10 +354,10 @@ class ClientIpStore(background_updates.BackgroundUpdateStore):
                         "user_id": user_id,
                         "access_token": access_token,
                         "ip": ip,
-                        "user_agent": user_agent,
-                        "device_id": device_id,
                     },
                     values={
+                        "user_agent": user_agent,
+                        "device_id": device_id,
                         "last_seen": last_seen,
                     },
                     lock=False,
@@ -227,7 +454,7 @@ class ClientIpStore(background_updates.BackgroundUpdateStore):
         results = {}
 
         for key in self._batch_row_update:
-            uid, access_token, ip = key
+            uid, access_token, ip, = key
             if uid == user_id:
                 user_agent, _, last_seen = self._batch_row_update[key]
                 results[(access_token, ip)] = (user_agent, last_seen)
diff --git a/synapse/storage/e2e_room_keys.py b/synapse/storage/e2e_room_keys.py
index 16b7f005aa..9a3aec759e 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/e2e_room_keys.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/e2e_room_keys.py
@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ class EndToEndRoomKeyStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
         keyvalues = {
             "user_id": user_id,
-            "version": version,
+            "version": int(version),
         }
         if room_id:
             keyvalues['room_id'] = room_id
@@ -298,6 +298,27 @@ class EndToEndRoomKeyStore(SQLBaseStore):
             "create_e2e_room_keys_version_txn", _create_e2e_room_keys_version_txn
         )
 
+    def update_e2e_room_keys_version(self, user_id, version, info):
+        """Update a given backup version
+
+        Args:
+            user_id(str): the user whose backup version we're updating
+            version(str): the version ID of the backup version we're updating
+            info(dict): the new backup version info to store
+        """
+
+        return self._simple_update(
+            table="e2e_room_keys_versions",
+            keyvalues={
+                "user_id": user_id,
+                "version": version,
+            },
+            updatevalues={
+                "auth_data": json.dumps(info["auth_data"]),
+            },
+            desc="update_e2e_room_keys_version"
+        )
+
     def delete_e2e_room_keys_version(self, user_id, version=None):
         """Delete a given backup version of the user's room keys.
         Doesn't delete their actual key data.
diff --git a/synapse/storage/engines/__init__.py b/synapse/storage/engines/__init__.py
index e2f9de8451..ff5ef97ca8 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/engines/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/engines/__init__.py
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ import platform
 
 from ._base import IncorrectDatabaseSetup
 from .postgres import PostgresEngine
-from .sqlite3 import Sqlite3Engine
+from .sqlite import Sqlite3Engine
 
 SUPPORTED_MODULE = {
     "sqlite3": Sqlite3Engine,
diff --git a/synapse/storage/engines/postgres.py b/synapse/storage/engines/postgres.py
index 42225f8a2a..4004427c7b 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/engines/postgres.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/engines/postgres.py
@@ -38,6 +38,13 @@ class PostgresEngine(object):
         return sql.replace("?", "%s")
 
     def on_new_connection(self, db_conn):
+
+        # Get the version of PostgreSQL that we're using. As per the psycopg2
+        # docs: The number is formed by converting the major, minor, and
+        # revision numbers into two-decimal-digit numbers and appending them
+        # together. For example, version 8.1.5 will be returned as 80105
+        self._version = db_conn.server_version
+
         db_conn.set_isolation_level(
             self.module.extensions.ISOLATION_LEVEL_REPEATABLE_READ
         )
@@ -54,6 +61,13 @@ class PostgresEngine(object):
 
         cursor.close()
 
+    @property
+    def can_native_upsert(self):
+        """
+        Can we use native UPSERTs? This requires PostgreSQL 9.5+.
+        """
+        return self._version >= 90500
+
     def is_deadlock(self, error):
         if isinstance(error, self.module.DatabaseError):
             # https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/static/errcodes-appendix.html
diff --git a/synapse/storage/engines/sqlite3.py b/synapse/storage/engines/sqlite.py
index 19949fc474..059ab81055 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/engines/sqlite3.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/engines/sqlite.py
@@ -30,6 +30,14 @@ class Sqlite3Engine(object):
         self._current_state_group_id = None
         self._current_state_group_id_lock = threading.Lock()
 
+    @property
+    def can_native_upsert(self):
+        """
+        Do we support native UPSERTs? This requires SQLite3 3.24+, plus some
+        more work we haven't done yet to tell what was inserted vs updated.
+        """
+        return self.module.sqlite_version_info >= (3, 24, 0)
+
     def check_database(self, txn):
         pass
 
diff --git a/synapse/storage/event_federation.py b/synapse/storage/event_federation.py
index d3b9dea1d6..38809ed0fc 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/event_federation.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/event_federation.py
@@ -125,6 +125,29 @@ class EventFederationWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SignatureWorkerStore,
 
         return dict(txn)
 
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def get_max_depth_of(self, event_ids):
+        """Returns the max depth of a set of event IDs
+
+        Args:
+            event_ids (list[str])
+
+        Returns
+            Deferred[int]
+        """
+        rows = yield self._simple_select_many_batch(
+            table="events",
+            column="event_id",
+            iterable=event_ids,
+            retcols=("depth",),
+            desc="get_max_depth_of",
+        )
+
+        if not rows:
+            defer.returnValue(0)
+        else:
+            defer.returnValue(max(row["depth"] for row in rows))
+
     def _get_oldest_events_in_room_txn(self, txn, room_id):
         return self._simple_select_onecol_txn(
             txn,
diff --git a/synapse/storage/events.py b/synapse/storage/events.py
index 2047110b1d..06db9e56e6 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/events.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/events.py
@@ -739,7 +739,18 @@ class EventsStore(StateGroupWorkerStore, EventFederationStore, EventsWorkerStore
         }
 
         events_map = {ev.event_id: ev for ev, _ in events_context}
-        room_version = yield self.get_room_version(room_id)
+
+        # We need to get the room version, which is in the create event.
+        # Normally that'd be in the database, but its also possible that we're
+        # currently trying to persist it.
+        room_version = None
+        for ev, _ in events_context:
+            if ev.type == EventTypes.Create and ev.state_key == "":
+                room_version = ev.content.get("room_version", "1")
+                break
+
+        if not room_version:
+            room_version = yield self.get_room_version(room_id)
 
         logger.debug("calling resolve_state_groups from preserve_events")
         res = yield self._state_resolution_handler.resolve_state_groups(
@@ -893,105 +904,82 @@ class EventsStore(StateGroupWorkerStore, EventFederationStore, EventsWorkerStore
 
     def _update_current_state_txn(self, txn, state_delta_by_room, max_stream_order):
         for room_id, current_state_tuple in iteritems(state_delta_by_room):
-                to_delete, to_insert = current_state_tuple
-
-                # First we add entries to the current_state_delta_stream. We
-                # do this before updating the current_state_events table so
-                # that we can use it to calculate the `prev_event_id`. (This
-                # allows us to not have to pull out the existing state
-                # unnecessarily).
-                sql = """
-                    INSERT INTO current_state_delta_stream
-                    (stream_id, room_id, type, state_key, event_id, prev_event_id)
-                    SELECT ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, (
-                        SELECT event_id FROM current_state_events
-                        WHERE room_id = ? AND type = ? AND state_key = ?
-                    )
-                """
-                txn.executemany(sql, (
-                    (
-                        max_stream_order, room_id, etype, state_key, None,
-                        room_id, etype, state_key,
-                    )
-                    for etype, state_key in to_delete
-                    # We sanity check that we're deleting rather than updating
-                    if (etype, state_key) not in to_insert
-                ))
-                txn.executemany(sql, (
-                    (
-                        max_stream_order, room_id, etype, state_key, ev_id,
-                        room_id, etype, state_key,
-                    )
-                    for (etype, state_key), ev_id in iteritems(to_insert)
-                ))
-
-                # Now we actually update the current_state_events table
+            to_delete, to_insert = current_state_tuple
 
-                txn.executemany(
-                    "DELETE FROM current_state_events"
-                    " WHERE room_id = ? AND type = ? AND state_key = ?",
-                    (
-                        (room_id, etype, state_key)
-                        for etype, state_key in itertools.chain(to_delete, to_insert)
-                    ),
+            # First we add entries to the current_state_delta_stream. We
+            # do this before updating the current_state_events table so
+            # that we can use it to calculate the `prev_event_id`. (This
+            # allows us to not have to pull out the existing state
+            # unnecessarily).
+            sql = """
+                INSERT INTO current_state_delta_stream
+                (stream_id, room_id, type, state_key, event_id, prev_event_id)
+                SELECT ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, (
+                    SELECT event_id FROM current_state_events
+                    WHERE room_id = ? AND type = ? AND state_key = ?
                 )
-
-                self._simple_insert_many_txn(
-                    txn,
-                    table="current_state_events",
-                    values=[
-                        {
-                            "event_id": ev_id,
-                            "room_id": room_id,
-                            "type": key[0],
-                            "state_key": key[1],
-                        }
-                        for key, ev_id in iteritems(to_insert)
-                    ],
+            """
+            txn.executemany(sql, (
+                (
+                    max_stream_order, room_id, etype, state_key, None,
+                    room_id, etype, state_key,
                 )
-
-                txn.call_after(
-                    self._curr_state_delta_stream_cache.entity_has_changed,
-                    room_id, max_stream_order,
+                for etype, state_key in to_delete
+                # We sanity check that we're deleting rather than updating
+                if (etype, state_key) not in to_insert
+            ))
+            txn.executemany(sql, (
+                (
+                    max_stream_order, room_id, etype, state_key, ev_id,
+                    room_id, etype, state_key,
                 )
+                for (etype, state_key), ev_id in iteritems(to_insert)
+            ))
 
-                # Invalidate the various caches
-
-                # Figure out the changes of membership to invalidate the
-                # `get_rooms_for_user` cache.
-                # We find out which membership events we may have deleted
-                # and which we have added, then we invlidate the caches for all
-                # those users.
-                members_changed = set(
-                    state_key
-                    for ev_type, state_key in itertools.chain(to_delete, to_insert)
-                    if ev_type == EventTypes.Member
-                )
+            # Now we actually update the current_state_events table
 
-                for member in members_changed:
-                    self._invalidate_cache_and_stream(
-                        txn, self.get_rooms_for_user_with_stream_ordering, (member,)
-                    )
+            txn.executemany(
+                "DELETE FROM current_state_events"
+                " WHERE room_id = ? AND type = ? AND state_key = ?",
+                (
+                    (room_id, etype, state_key)
+                    for etype, state_key in itertools.chain(to_delete, to_insert)
+                ),
+            )
 
-                for host in set(get_domain_from_id(u) for u in members_changed):
-                    self._invalidate_cache_and_stream(
-                        txn, self.is_host_joined, (room_id, host)
-                    )
-                    self._invalidate_cache_and_stream(
-                        txn, self.was_host_joined, (room_id, host)
-                    )
+            self._simple_insert_many_txn(
+                txn,
+                table="current_state_events",
+                values=[
+                    {
+                        "event_id": ev_id,
+                        "room_id": room_id,
+                        "type": key[0],
+                        "state_key": key[1],
+                    }
+                    for key, ev_id in iteritems(to_insert)
+                ],
+            )
 
-                self._invalidate_cache_and_stream(
-                    txn, self.get_users_in_room, (room_id,)
-                )
+            txn.call_after(
+                self._curr_state_delta_stream_cache.entity_has_changed,
+                room_id, max_stream_order,
+            )
 
-                self._invalidate_cache_and_stream(
-                    txn, self.get_room_summary, (room_id,)
-                )
+            # Invalidate the various caches
+
+            # Figure out the changes of membership to invalidate the
+            # `get_rooms_for_user` cache.
+            # We find out which membership events we may have deleted
+            # and which we have added, then we invlidate the caches for all
+            # those users.
+            members_changed = set(
+                state_key
+                for ev_type, state_key in itertools.chain(to_delete, to_insert)
+                if ev_type == EventTypes.Member
+            )
 
-                self._invalidate_cache_and_stream(
-                    txn, self.get_current_state_ids, (room_id,)
-                )
+            self._invalidate_state_caches_and_stream(txn, room_id, members_changed)
 
     def _update_forward_extremities_txn(self, txn, new_forward_extremities,
                                         max_stream_order):
@@ -1257,6 +1245,7 @@ class EventsStore(StateGroupWorkerStore, EventFederationStore, EventsWorkerStore
                         event.internal_metadata.get_dict()
                     ),
                     "json": encode_json(event_dict(event)),
+                    "format_version": event.format_version,
                 }
                 for event, _ in events_and_contexts
             ],
diff --git a/synapse/storage/events_worker.py b/synapse/storage/events_worker.py
index a8326f5296..1716be529a 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/events_worker.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/events_worker.py
@@ -21,13 +21,14 @@ from canonicaljson import json
 
 from twisted.internet import defer
 
+from synapse.api.constants import EventFormatVersions, EventTypes
 from synapse.api.errors import NotFoundError
+from synapse.events import FrozenEvent, event_type_from_format_version  # noqa: F401
 # these are only included to make the type annotations work
-from synapse.events import EventBase  # noqa: F401
-from synapse.events import FrozenEvent
 from synapse.events.snapshot import EventContext  # noqa: F401
 from synapse.events.utils import prune_event
 from synapse.metrics.background_process_metrics import run_as_background_process
+from synapse.types import get_domain_from_id
 from synapse.util.logcontext import (
     LoggingContext,
     PreserveLoggingContext,
@@ -160,9 +161,14 @@ class EventsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             log_ctx = LoggingContext.current_context()
             log_ctx.record_event_fetch(len(missing_events_ids))
 
+            # Note that _enqueue_events is also responsible for turning db rows
+            # into FrozenEvents (via _get_event_from_row), which involves seeing if
+            # the events have been redacted, and if so pulling the redaction event out
+            # of the database to check it.
+            #
+            # _enqueue_events is a bit of a rubbish name but naming is hard.
             missing_events = yield self._enqueue_events(
                 missing_events_ids,
-                check_redacted=check_redacted,
                 allow_rejected=allow_rejected,
             )
 
@@ -174,6 +180,50 @@ class EventsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             if not entry:
                 continue
 
+            # Starting in room version v3, some redactions need to be rechecked if we
+            # didn't have the redacted event at the time, so we recheck on read
+            # instead.
+            if not allow_rejected and entry.event.type == EventTypes.Redaction:
+                if entry.event.internal_metadata.need_to_check_redaction():
+                    # XXX: we need to avoid calling get_event here.
+                    #
+                    # The problem is that we end up at this point when an event
+                    # which has been redacted is pulled out of the database by
+                    # _enqueue_events, because _enqueue_events needs to check the
+                    # redaction before it can cache the redacted event. So obviously,
+                    # calling get_event to get the redacted event out of the database
+                    # gives us an infinite loop.
+                    #
+                    # For now (quick hack to fix during 0.99 release cycle), we just
+                    # go and fetch the relevant row from the db, but it would be nice
+                    # to think about how we can cache this rather than hit the db
+                    # every time we access a redaction event.
+                    #
+                    # One thought on how to do this:
+                    #  1. split _get_events up so that it is divided into (a) get the
+                    #     rawish event from the db/cache, (b) do the redaction/rejection
+                    #     filtering
+                    #  2. have _get_event_from_row just call the first half of that
+
+                    orig_sender = yield self._simple_select_one_onecol(
+                        table="events",
+                        keyvalues={"event_id": entry.event.redacts},
+                        retcol="sender",
+                        allow_none=True,
+                    )
+
+                    expected_domain = get_domain_from_id(entry.event.sender)
+                    if orig_sender and get_domain_from_id(orig_sender) == expected_domain:
+                        # This redaction event is allowed. Mark as not needing a
+                        # recheck.
+                        entry.event.internal_metadata.recheck_redaction = False
+                    else:
+                        # We don't have the event that is being redacted, so we
+                        # assume that the event isn't authorized for now. (If we
+                        # later receive the event, then we will always redact
+                        # it anyway, since we have this redaction)
+                        continue
+
             if allow_rejected or not entry.event.rejected_reason:
                 if check_redacted and entry.redacted_event:
                     event = entry.redacted_event
@@ -197,7 +247,7 @@ class EventsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         defer.returnValue(events)
 
     def _invalidate_get_event_cache(self, event_id):
-            self._get_event_cache.invalidate((event_id,))
+        self._get_event_cache.invalidate((event_id,))
 
     def _get_events_from_cache(self, events, allow_rejected, update_metrics=True):
         """Fetch events from the caches
@@ -310,7 +360,7 @@ class EventsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
                     self.hs.get_reactor().callFromThread(fire, event_list, e)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _enqueue_events(self, events, check_redacted=True, allow_rejected=False):
+    def _enqueue_events(self, events, allow_rejected=False):
         """Fetches events from the database using the _event_fetch_list. This
         allows batch and bulk fetching of events - it allows us to fetch events
         without having to create a new transaction for each request for events.
@@ -353,6 +403,7 @@ class EventsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
                     self._get_event_from_row,
                     row["internal_metadata"], row["json"], row["redacts"],
                     rejected_reason=row["rejects"],
+                    format_version=row["format_version"],
                 )
                 for row in rows
             ],
@@ -377,6 +428,7 @@ class EventsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 " e.event_id as event_id, "
                 " e.internal_metadata,"
                 " e.json,"
+                " e.format_version, "
                 " r.redacts as redacts,"
                 " rej.event_id as rejects "
                 " FROM event_json as e"
@@ -392,7 +444,7 @@ class EventsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _get_event_from_row(self, internal_metadata, js, redacted,
-                            rejected_reason=None):
+                            format_version, rejected_reason=None):
         with Measure(self._clock, "_get_event_from_row"):
             d = json.loads(js)
             internal_metadata = json.loads(internal_metadata)
@@ -405,8 +457,13 @@ class EventsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
                     desc="_get_event_from_row_rejected_reason",
                 )
 
-            original_ev = FrozenEvent(
-                d,
+            if format_version is None:
+                # This means that we stored the event before we had the concept
+                # of a event format version, so it must be a V1 event.
+                format_version = EventFormatVersions.V1
+
+            original_ev = event_type_from_format_version(format_version)(
+                event_dict=d,
                 internal_metadata_dict=internal_metadata,
                 rejected_reason=rejected_reason,
             )
@@ -436,6 +493,19 @@ class EventsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
                     # will serialise this field correctly
                     redacted_event.unsigned["redacted_because"] = because
 
+                    # Starting in room version v3, some redactions need to be
+                    # rechecked if we didn't have the redacted event at the
+                    # time, so we recheck on read instead.
+                    if because.internal_metadata.need_to_check_redaction():
+                        expected_domain = get_domain_from_id(original_ev.sender)
+                        if get_domain_from_id(because.sender) == expected_domain:
+                            # This redaction event is allowed. Mark as not needing a
+                            # recheck.
+                            because.internal_metadata.recheck_redaction = False
+                        else:
+                            # Senders don't match, so the event isn't actually redacted
+                            redacted_event = None
+
             cache_entry = _EventCacheEntry(
                 event=original_ev,
                 redacted_event=redacted_event,
diff --git a/synapse/storage/monthly_active_users.py b/synapse/storage/monthly_active_users.py
index 479e01ddc1..9e7e09b8c1 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/monthly_active_users.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/monthly_active_users.py
@@ -55,9 +55,12 @@ class MonthlyActiveUsersStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 txn,
                 tp["medium"], tp["address"]
             )
+
             if user_id:
-                self.upsert_monthly_active_user_txn(txn, user_id)
-                reserved_user_list.append(user_id)
+                is_support = self.is_support_user_txn(txn, user_id)
+                if not is_support:
+                    self.upsert_monthly_active_user_txn(txn, user_id)
+                    reserved_user_list.append(user_id)
             else:
                 logger.warning(
                     "mau limit reserved threepid %s not found in db" % tp
@@ -182,15 +185,33 @@ class MonthlyActiveUsersStore(SQLBaseStore):
         Args:
             user_id (str): user to add/update
         """
-        is_insert = yield self.runInteraction(
+        # Support user never to be included in MAU stats. Note I can't easily call this
+        # from upsert_monthly_active_user_txn because then I need a _txn form of
+        # is_support_user which is complicated because I want to cache the result.
+        # Therefore I call it here and ignore the case where
+        # upsert_monthly_active_user_txn is called directly from
+        # _initialise_reserved_users reasoning that it would be very strange to
+        #  include a support user in this context.
+
+        is_support = yield self.is_support_user(user_id)
+        if is_support:
+            return
+
+        yield self.runInteraction(
             "upsert_monthly_active_user", self.upsert_monthly_active_user_txn,
             user_id
         )
 
-        if is_insert:
-            self.user_last_seen_monthly_active.invalidate((user_id,))
+        user_in_mau = self.user_last_seen_monthly_active.cache.get(
+            (user_id,),
+            None,
+            update_metrics=False
+        )
+        if user_in_mau is None:
             self.get_monthly_active_count.invalidate(())
 
+        self.user_last_seen_monthly_active.invalidate((user_id,))
+
     def upsert_monthly_active_user_txn(self, txn, user_id):
         """Updates or inserts monthly active user member
 
@@ -200,6 +221,16 @@ class MonthlyActiveUsersStore(SQLBaseStore):
         in a database thread rather than the main thread, and we can't call
         txn.call_after because txn may not be a LoggingTransaction.
 
+        We consciously do not call is_support_txn from this method because it
+        is not possible to cache the response. is_support_txn will be false in
+        almost all cases, so it seems reasonable to call it only for
+        upsert_monthly_active_user and to call is_support_txn manually
+        for cases where upsert_monthly_active_user_txn is called directly,
+        like _initialise_reserved_users
+
+        In short, don't call this method with support users. (Support users
+        should not appear in the MAU stats).
+
         Args:
             txn (cursor):
             user_id (str): user to add/update
@@ -208,6 +239,7 @@ class MonthlyActiveUsersStore(SQLBaseStore):
             bool: True if a new entry was created, False if an
             existing one was updated.
         """
+
         # Am consciously deciding to lock the table on the basis that is ought
         # never be a big table and alternative approaches (batching multiple
         # upserts into a single txn) introduced a lot of extra complexity.
diff --git a/synapse/storage/pusher.py b/synapse/storage/pusher.py
index 2743b52bad..134297e284 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/pusher.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/pusher.py
@@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ class PusherStore(PusherWorkerStore):
         with self._pushers_id_gen.get_next() as stream_id:
             # no need to lock because `pushers` has a unique key on
             # (app_id, pushkey, user_name) so _simple_upsert will retry
-            newly_inserted = yield self._simple_upsert(
+            yield self._simple_upsert(
                 table="pushers",
                 keyvalues={
                     "app_id": app_id,
@@ -238,7 +238,12 @@ class PusherStore(PusherWorkerStore):
                 lock=False,
             )
 
-            if newly_inserted:
+            user_has_pusher = self.get_if_user_has_pusher.cache.get(
+                (user_id,), None, update_metrics=False
+            )
+
+            if user_has_pusher is not True:
+                # invalidate, since we the user might not have had a pusher before
                 yield self.runInteraction(
                     "add_pusher",
                     self._invalidate_cache_and_stream,
diff --git a/synapse/storage/registration.py b/synapse/storage/registration.py
index 80d76bf9d7..9b9572890b 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/registration.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/registration.py
@@ -19,9 +19,11 @@ from six.moves import range
 
 from twisted.internet import defer
 
+from synapse.api.constants import UserTypes
 from synapse.api.errors import Codes, StoreError
 from synapse.storage import background_updates
 from synapse.storage._base import SQLBaseStore
+from synapse.types import UserID
 from synapse.util.caches.descriptors import cached, cachedInlineCallbacks
 
 
@@ -112,6 +114,187 @@ class RegistrationWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
         return None
 
+    @cachedInlineCallbacks()
+    def is_support_user(self, user_id):
+        """Determines if the user is of type UserTypes.SUPPORT
+
+        Args:
+            user_id (str): user id to test
+
+        Returns:
+            Deferred[bool]: True if user is of type UserTypes.SUPPORT
+        """
+        res = yield self.runInteraction(
+            "is_support_user", self.is_support_user_txn, user_id
+        )
+        defer.returnValue(res)
+
+    def is_support_user_txn(self, txn, user_id):
+        res = self._simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
+            txn=txn,
+            table="users",
+            keyvalues={"name": user_id},
+            retcol="user_type",
+            allow_none=True,
+        )
+        return True if res == UserTypes.SUPPORT else False
+
+    def get_users_by_id_case_insensitive(self, user_id):
+        """Gets users that match user_id case insensitively.
+        Returns a mapping of user_id -> password_hash.
+        """
+        def f(txn):
+            sql = (
+                "SELECT name, password_hash FROM users"
+                " WHERE lower(name) = lower(?)"
+            )
+            txn.execute(sql, (user_id,))
+            return dict(txn)
+
+        return self.runInteraction("get_users_by_id_case_insensitive", f)
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def count_all_users(self):
+        """Counts all users registered on the homeserver."""
+        def _count_users(txn):
+            txn.execute("SELECT COUNT(*) AS users FROM users")
+            rows = self.cursor_to_dict(txn)
+            if rows:
+                return rows[0]["users"]
+            return 0
+
+        ret = yield self.runInteraction("count_users", _count_users)
+        defer.returnValue(ret)
+
+    def count_daily_user_type(self):
+        """
+        Counts 1) native non guest users
+               2) native guests users
+               3) bridged users
+        who registered on the homeserver in the past 24 hours
+        """
+        def _count_daily_user_type(txn):
+            yesterday = int(self._clock.time()) - (60 * 60 * 24)
+
+            sql = """
+                SELECT user_type, COALESCE(count(*), 0) AS count FROM (
+                    SELECT
+                    CASE
+                        WHEN is_guest=0 AND appservice_id IS NULL THEN 'native'
+                        WHEN is_guest=1 AND appservice_id IS NULL THEN 'guest'
+                        WHEN is_guest=0 AND appservice_id IS NOT NULL THEN 'bridged'
+                    END AS user_type
+                    FROM users
+                    WHERE creation_ts > ?
+                ) AS t GROUP BY user_type
+            """
+            results = {'native': 0, 'guest': 0, 'bridged': 0}
+            txn.execute(sql, (yesterday,))
+            for row in txn:
+                results[row[0]] = row[1]
+            return results
+        return self.runInteraction("count_daily_user_type", _count_daily_user_type)
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def count_nonbridged_users(self):
+        def _count_users(txn):
+            txn.execute("""
+                SELECT COALESCE(COUNT(*), 0) FROM users
+                WHERE appservice_id IS NULL
+            """)
+            count, = txn.fetchone()
+            return count
+
+        ret = yield self.runInteraction("count_users", _count_users)
+        defer.returnValue(ret)
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def find_next_generated_user_id_localpart(self):
+        """
+        Gets the localpart of the next generated user ID.
+
+        Generated user IDs are integers, and we aim for them to be as small as
+        we can. Unfortunately, it's possible some of them are already taken by
+        existing users, and there may be gaps in the already taken range. This
+        function returns the start of the first allocatable gap. This is to
+        avoid the case of ID 10000000 being pre-allocated, so us wasting the
+        first (and shortest) many generated user IDs.
+        """
+        def _find_next_generated_user_id(txn):
+            txn.execute("SELECT name FROM users")
+
+            regex = re.compile(r"^@(\d+):")
+
+            found = set()
+
+            for user_id, in txn:
+                match = regex.search(user_id)
+                if match:
+                    found.add(int(match.group(1)))
+            for i in range(len(found) + 1):
+                if i not in found:
+                    return i
+
+        defer.returnValue((yield self.runInteraction(
+            "find_next_generated_user_id",
+            _find_next_generated_user_id
+        )))
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def get_3pid_guest_access_token(self, medium, address):
+        ret = yield self._simple_select_one(
+            "threepid_guest_access_tokens",
+            {
+                "medium": medium,
+                "address": address
+            },
+            ["guest_access_token"], True, 'get_3pid_guest_access_token'
+        )
+        if ret:
+            defer.returnValue(ret["guest_access_token"])
+        defer.returnValue(None)
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def get_user_id_by_threepid(self, medium, address):
+        """Returns user id from threepid
+
+        Args:
+            medium (str): threepid medium e.g. email
+            address (str): threepid address e.g. me@example.com
+
+        Returns:
+            Deferred[str|None]: user id or None if no user id/threepid mapping exists
+        """
+        user_id = yield self.runInteraction(
+            "get_user_id_by_threepid", self.get_user_id_by_threepid_txn,
+            medium, address
+        )
+        defer.returnValue(user_id)
+
+    def get_user_id_by_threepid_txn(self, txn, medium, address):
+        """Returns user id from threepid
+
+        Args:
+            txn (cursor):
+            medium (str): threepid medium e.g. email
+            address (str): threepid address e.g. me@example.com
+
+        Returns:
+            str|None: user id or None if no user id/threepid mapping exists
+        """
+        ret = self._simple_select_one_txn(
+            txn,
+            "user_threepids",
+            {
+                "medium": medium,
+                "address": address
+            },
+            ['user_id'], True
+        )
+        if ret:
+            return ret['user_id']
+        return None
+
 
 class RegistrationStore(RegistrationWorkerStore,
                         background_updates.BackgroundUpdateStore):
@@ -167,7 +350,7 @@ class RegistrationStore(RegistrationWorkerStore,
 
     def register(self, user_id, token=None, password_hash=None,
                  was_guest=False, make_guest=False, appservice_id=None,
-                 create_profile_with_localpart=None, admin=False):
+                 create_profile_with_displayname=None, admin=False, user_type=None):
         """Attempts to register an account.
 
         Args:
@@ -181,8 +364,12 @@ class RegistrationStore(RegistrationWorkerStore,
             make_guest (boolean): True if the the new user should be guest,
                 false to add a regular user account.
             appservice_id (str): The ID of the appservice registering the user.
-            create_profile_with_localpart (str): Optionally create a profile for
-                the given localpart.
+            create_profile_with_displayname (unicode): Optionally create a profile for
+                the user, setting their displayname to the given value
+            admin (boolean): is an admin user?
+            user_type (str|None): type of user. One of the values from
+                api.constants.UserTypes, or None for a normal user.
+
         Raises:
             StoreError if the user_id could not be registered.
         """
@@ -195,8 +382,9 @@ class RegistrationStore(RegistrationWorkerStore,
             was_guest,
             make_guest,
             appservice_id,
-            create_profile_with_localpart,
-            admin
+            create_profile_with_displayname,
+            admin,
+            user_type
         )
 
     def _register(
@@ -208,9 +396,12 @@ class RegistrationStore(RegistrationWorkerStore,
         was_guest,
         make_guest,
         appservice_id,
-        create_profile_with_localpart,
+        create_profile_with_displayname,
         admin,
+        user_type,
     ):
+        user_id_obj = UserID.from_string(user_id)
+
         now = int(self.clock.time())
 
         next_id = self._access_tokens_id_gen.get_next()
@@ -244,6 +435,7 @@ class RegistrationStore(RegistrationWorkerStore,
                         "is_guest": 1 if make_guest else 0,
                         "appservice_id": appservice_id,
                         "admin": 1 if admin else 0,
+                        "user_type": user_type,
                     }
                 )
             else:
@@ -257,6 +449,7 @@ class RegistrationStore(RegistrationWorkerStore,
                         "is_guest": 1 if make_guest else 0,
                         "appservice_id": appservice_id,
                         "admin": 1 if admin else 0,
+                        "user_type": user_type,
                     }
                 )
         except self.database_engine.module.IntegrityError:
@@ -273,12 +466,15 @@ class RegistrationStore(RegistrationWorkerStore,
                 (next_id, user_id, token,)
             )
 
-        if create_profile_with_localpart:
+        if create_profile_with_displayname:
             # set a default displayname serverside to avoid ugly race
             # between auto-joins and clients trying to set displaynames
+            #
+            # *obviously* the 'profiles' table uses localpart for user_id
+            # while everything else uses the full mxid.
             txn.execute(
                 "INSERT INTO profiles(user_id, displayname) VALUES (?,?)",
-                (create_profile_with_localpart, create_profile_with_localpart)
+                (user_id_obj.localpart, create_profile_with_displayname)
             )
 
         self._invalidate_cache_and_stream(
@@ -286,20 +482,6 @@ class RegistrationStore(RegistrationWorkerStore,
         )
         txn.call_after(self.is_guest.invalidate, (user_id,))
 
-    def get_users_by_id_case_insensitive(self, user_id):
-        """Gets users that match user_id case insensitively.
-        Returns a mapping of user_id -> password_hash.
-        """
-        def f(txn):
-            sql = (
-                "SELECT name, password_hash FROM users"
-                " WHERE lower(name) = lower(?)"
-            )
-            txn.execute(sql, (user_id,))
-            return dict(txn)
-
-        return self.runInteraction("get_users_by_id_case_insensitive", f)
-
     def user_set_password_hash(self, user_id, password_hash):
         """
         NB. This does *not* evict any cache because the one use for this
@@ -472,47 +654,6 @@ class RegistrationStore(RegistrationWorkerStore,
         )
         defer.returnValue(ret)
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def get_user_id_by_threepid(self, medium, address):
-        """Returns user id from threepid
-
-        Args:
-            medium (str): threepid medium e.g. email
-            address (str): threepid address e.g. me@example.com
-
-        Returns:
-            Deferred[str|None]: user id or None if no user id/threepid mapping exists
-        """
-        user_id = yield self.runInteraction(
-            "get_user_id_by_threepid", self.get_user_id_by_threepid_txn,
-            medium, address
-        )
-        defer.returnValue(user_id)
-
-    def get_user_id_by_threepid_txn(self, txn, medium, address):
-        """Returns user id from threepid
-
-        Args:
-            txn (cursor):
-            medium (str): threepid medium e.g. email
-            address (str): threepid address e.g. me@example.com
-
-        Returns:
-            str|None: user id or None if no user id/threepid mapping exists
-        """
-        ret = self._simple_select_one_txn(
-            txn,
-            "user_threepids",
-            {
-                "medium": medium,
-                "address": address
-            },
-            ['user_id'], True
-        )
-        if ret:
-            return ret['user_id']
-        return None
-
     def user_delete_threepid(self, user_id, medium, address):
         return self._simple_delete(
             "user_threepids",
@@ -525,107 +666,6 @@ class RegistrationStore(RegistrationWorkerStore,
         )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def count_all_users(self):
-        """Counts all users registered on the homeserver."""
-        def _count_users(txn):
-            txn.execute("SELECT COUNT(*) AS users FROM users")
-            rows = self.cursor_to_dict(txn)
-            if rows:
-                return rows[0]["users"]
-            return 0
-
-        ret = yield self.runInteraction("count_users", _count_users)
-        defer.returnValue(ret)
-
-    def count_daily_user_type(self):
-        """
-        Counts 1) native non guest users
-               2) native guests users
-               3) bridged users
-        who registered on the homeserver in the past 24 hours
-        """
-        def _count_daily_user_type(txn):
-            yesterday = int(self._clock.time()) - (60 * 60 * 24)
-
-            sql = """
-                SELECT user_type, COALESCE(count(*), 0) AS count FROM (
-                    SELECT
-                    CASE
-                        WHEN is_guest=0 AND appservice_id IS NULL THEN 'native'
-                        WHEN is_guest=1 AND appservice_id IS NULL THEN 'guest'
-                        WHEN is_guest=0 AND appservice_id IS NOT NULL THEN 'bridged'
-                    END AS user_type
-                    FROM users
-                    WHERE creation_ts > ?
-                ) AS t GROUP BY user_type
-            """
-            results = {'native': 0, 'guest': 0, 'bridged': 0}
-            txn.execute(sql, (yesterday,))
-            for row in txn:
-                results[row[0]] = row[1]
-            return results
-        return self.runInteraction("count_daily_user_type", _count_daily_user_type)
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def count_nonbridged_users(self):
-        def _count_users(txn):
-            txn.execute("""
-                SELECT COALESCE(COUNT(*), 0) FROM users
-                WHERE appservice_id IS NULL
-            """)
-            count, = txn.fetchone()
-            return count
-
-        ret = yield self.runInteraction("count_users", _count_users)
-        defer.returnValue(ret)
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def find_next_generated_user_id_localpart(self):
-        """
-        Gets the localpart of the next generated user ID.
-
-        Generated user IDs are integers, and we aim for them to be as small as
-        we can. Unfortunately, it's possible some of them are already taken by
-        existing users, and there may be gaps in the already taken range. This
-        function returns the start of the first allocatable gap. This is to
-        avoid the case of ID 10000000 being pre-allocated, so us wasting the
-        first (and shortest) many generated user IDs.
-        """
-        def _find_next_generated_user_id(txn):
-            txn.execute("SELECT name FROM users")
-
-            regex = re.compile(r"^@(\d+):")
-
-            found = set()
-
-            for user_id, in txn:
-                match = regex.search(user_id)
-                if match:
-                    found.add(int(match.group(1)))
-            for i in range(len(found) + 1):
-                if i not in found:
-                    return i
-
-        defer.returnValue((yield self.runInteraction(
-            "find_next_generated_user_id",
-            _find_next_generated_user_id
-        )))
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def get_3pid_guest_access_token(self, medium, address):
-        ret = yield self._simple_select_one(
-            "threepid_guest_access_tokens",
-            {
-                "medium": medium,
-                "address": address
-            },
-            ["guest_access_token"], True, 'get_3pid_guest_access_token'
-        )
-        if ret:
-            defer.returnValue(ret["guest_access_token"])
-        defer.returnValue(None)
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def save_or_get_3pid_guest_access_token(
             self, medium, address, access_token, inviter_user_id
     ):
diff --git a/synapse/storage/roommember.py b/synapse/storage/roommember.py
index 0707f9a86a..592c1bcd33 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/roommember.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/roommember.py
@@ -588,12 +588,12 @@ class RoomMemberStore(RoomMemberWorkerStore):
             )
 
             # We update the local_invites table only if the event is "current",
-            # i.e., its something that has just happened.
-            # The only current event that can also be an outlier is if its an
-            # invite that has come in across federation.
+            # i.e., its something that has just happened. If the event is an
+            # outlier it is only current if its an "out of band membership",
+            # like a remote invite or a rejection of a remote invite.
             is_new_state = not backfilled and (
                 not event.internal_metadata.is_outlier()
-                or event.internal_metadata.is_invite_from_remote()
+                or event.internal_metadata.is_out_of_band_membership()
             )
             is_mine = self.hs.is_mine_id(event.state_key)
             if is_new_state and is_mine:
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/53/add_user_type_to_users.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/53/add_user_type_to_users.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..88ec2f83e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/53/add_user_type_to_users.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+/* Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+/* The type of the user: NULL for a regular user, or one of the constants in 
+ * synapse.api.constants.UserTypes
+ */
+ALTER TABLE users ADD COLUMN user_type TEXT DEFAULT NULL;
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/53/event_format_version.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/53/event_format_version.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1d977c2834
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/53/event_format_version.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+/* Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+ALTER TABLE event_json ADD COLUMN format_version INTEGER;
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/53/user_ips_index.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/53/user_ips_index.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b812c5794f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/53/user_ips_index.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+/* Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+ -- analyze user_ips, to help ensure the correct indices are used
+INSERT INTO background_updates (update_name, progress_json) VALUES
+  ('user_ips_analyze', '{}');
+
+-- delete duplicates
+INSERT INTO background_updates (update_name, progress_json, depends_on) VALUES
+  ('user_ips_remove_dupes', '{}', 'user_ips_analyze');
+
+-- add a new unique index to user_ips table
+INSERT INTO background_updates (update_name, progress_json, depends_on) VALUES
+  ('user_ips_device_unique_index', '{}', 'user_ips_remove_dupes');
+
+-- drop the old original index
+INSERT INTO background_updates (update_name, progress_json, depends_on) VALUES
+  ('user_ips_drop_nonunique_index', '{}', 'user_ips_device_unique_index');
diff --git a/synapse/storage/state.py b/synapse/storage/state.py
index d737bd6778..6ddc4055d2 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/state.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/state.py
@@ -428,14 +428,54 @@ class StateGroupWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
         """
         # for now we do this by looking at the create event. We may want to cache this
         # more intelligently in future.
+
+        # Retrieve the room's create event
+        create_event = yield self.get_create_event_for_room(room_id)
+        defer.returnValue(create_event.content.get("room_version", "1"))
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def get_room_predecessor(self, room_id):
+        """Get the predecessor room of an upgraded room if one exists.
+        Otherwise return None.
+
+        Args:
+            room_id (str)
+
+        Returns:
+            Deferred[unicode|None]: predecessor room id
+
+        Raises:
+            NotFoundError if the room is unknown
+        """
+        # Retrieve the room's create event
+        create_event = yield self.get_create_event_for_room(room_id)
+
+        # Return predecessor if present
+        defer.returnValue(create_event.content.get("predecessor", None))
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def get_create_event_for_room(self, room_id):
+        """Get the create state event for a room.
+
+        Args:
+            room_id (str)
+
+        Returns:
+            Deferred[EventBase]: The room creation event.
+
+        Raises:
+            NotFoundError if the room is unknown
+        """
         state_ids = yield self.get_current_state_ids(room_id)
         create_id = state_ids.get((EventTypes.Create, ""))
 
+        # If we can't find the create event, assume we've hit a dead end
         if not create_id:
-            raise NotFoundError("Unknown room")
+            raise NotFoundError("Unknown room %s" % (room_id))
 
+        # Retrieve the room's create event and return
         create_event = yield self.get_event(create_id)
-        defer.returnValue(create_event.content.get("room_version", "1"))
+        defer.returnValue(create_event)
 
     @cached(max_entries=100000, iterable=True)
     def get_current_state_ids(self, room_id):
@@ -508,6 +548,31 @@ class StateGroupWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
             _get_filtered_current_state_ids_txn,
         )
 
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def get_canonical_alias_for_room(self, room_id):
+        """Get canonical alias for room, if any
+
+        Args:
+            room_id (str)
+
+        Returns:
+            Deferred[str|None]: The canonical alias, if any
+        """
+
+        state = yield self.get_filtered_current_state_ids(room_id, StateFilter.from_types(
+            [(EventTypes.CanonicalAlias, "")]
+        ))
+
+        event_id = state.get((EventTypes.CanonicalAlias, ""))
+        if not event_id:
+            return
+
+        event = yield self.get_event(event_id, allow_none=True)
+        if not event:
+            return
+
+        defer.returnValue(event.content.get("canonical_alias"))
+
     @cached(max_entries=10000, iterable=True)
     def get_state_group_delta(self, state_group):
         """Given a state group try to return a previous group and a delta between
diff --git a/synapse/storage/user_directory.py b/synapse/storage/user_directory.py
index a8781b0e5d..fea866c043 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/user_directory.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/user_directory.py
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ from twisted.internet import defer
 
 from synapse.api.constants import EventTypes, JoinRules
 from synapse.storage.engines import PostgresEngine, Sqlite3Engine
+from synapse.storage.state import StateFilter
 from synapse.types import get_domain_from_id, get_localpart_from_id
 from synapse.util.caches.descriptors import cached, cachedInlineCallbacks
 
@@ -31,12 +32,19 @@ logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
 class UserDirectoryStore(SQLBaseStore):
-    @cachedInlineCallbacks(cache_context=True)
-    def is_room_world_readable_or_publicly_joinable(self, room_id, cache_context):
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def is_room_world_readable_or_publicly_joinable(self, room_id):
         """Check if the room is either world_readable or publically joinable
         """
-        current_state_ids = yield self.get_current_state_ids(
-            room_id, on_invalidate=cache_context.invalidate
+
+        # Create a state filter that only queries join and history state event
+        types_to_filter = (
+            (EventTypes.JoinRules, ""),
+            (EventTypes.RoomHistoryVisibility, ""),
+        )
+
+        current_state_ids = yield self.get_filtered_current_state_ids(
+            room_id, StateFilter.from_types(types_to_filter)
         )
 
         join_rules_id = current_state_ids.get((EventTypes.JoinRules, ""))
@@ -66,14 +74,8 @@ class UserDirectoryStore(SQLBaseStore):
         """
         yield self._simple_insert_many(
             table="users_in_public_rooms",
-            values=[
-                {
-                    "user_id": user_id,
-                    "room_id": room_id,
-                }
-                for user_id in user_ids
-            ],
-            desc="add_users_to_public_room"
+            values=[{"user_id": user_id, "room_id": room_id} for user_id in user_ids],
+            desc="add_users_to_public_room",
         )
         for user_id in user_ids:
             self.get_user_in_public_room.invalidate((user_id,))
@@ -99,7 +101,9 @@ class UserDirectoryStore(SQLBaseStore):
             """
             args = (
                 (
-                    user_id, get_localpart_from_id(user_id), get_domain_from_id(user_id),
+                    user_id,
+                    get_localpart_from_id(user_id),
+                    get_domain_from_id(user_id),
                     profile.display_name,
                 )
                 for user_id, profile in iteritems(users_with_profile)
@@ -112,7 +116,7 @@ class UserDirectoryStore(SQLBaseStore):
             args = (
                 (
                     user_id,
-                    "%s %s" % (user_id, p.display_name,) if p.display_name else user_id
+                    "%s %s" % (user_id, p.display_name) if p.display_name else user_id,
                 )
                 for user_id, p in iteritems(users_with_profile)
             )
@@ -133,12 +137,10 @@ class UserDirectoryStore(SQLBaseStore):
                         "avatar_url": profile.avatar_url,
                     }
                     for user_id, profile in iteritems(users_with_profile)
-                ]
+                ],
             )
             for user_id in users_with_profile:
-                txn.call_after(
-                    self.get_user_in_directory.invalidate, (user_id,)
-                )
+                txn.call_after(self.get_user_in_directory.invalidate, (user_id,))
 
         return self.runInteraction(
             "add_profiles_to_user_dir", _add_profiles_to_user_dir_txn
@@ -168,39 +170,69 @@ class UserDirectoryStore(SQLBaseStore):
             if isinstance(self.database_engine, PostgresEngine):
                 # We weight the localpart most highly, then display name and finally
                 # server name
-                if new_entry:
+                if self.database_engine.can_native_upsert:
                     sql = """
                         INSERT INTO user_directory_search(user_id, vector)
                         VALUES (?,
                             setweight(to_tsvector('english', ?), 'A')
                             || setweight(to_tsvector('english', ?), 'D')
                             || setweight(to_tsvector('english', COALESCE(?, '')), 'B')
-                        )
+                        ) ON CONFLICT (user_id) DO UPDATE SET vector=EXCLUDED.vector
                     """
                     txn.execute(
                         sql,
                         (
-                            user_id, get_localpart_from_id(user_id),
-                            get_domain_from_id(user_id), display_name,
-                        )
+                            user_id,
+                            get_localpart_from_id(user_id),
+                            get_domain_from_id(user_id),
+                            display_name,
+                        ),
                     )
                 else:
-                    sql = """
-                        UPDATE user_directory_search
-                        SET vector = setweight(to_tsvector('english', ?), 'A')
-                            || setweight(to_tsvector('english', ?), 'D')
-                            || setweight(to_tsvector('english', COALESCE(?, '')), 'B')
-                        WHERE user_id = ?
-                    """
-                    txn.execute(
-                        sql,
-                        (
-                            get_localpart_from_id(user_id), get_domain_from_id(user_id),
-                            display_name, user_id,
+                    # TODO: Remove this code after we've bumped the minimum version
+                    # of postgres to always support upserts, so we can get rid of
+                    # `new_entry` usage
+                    if new_entry is True:
+                        sql = """
+                            INSERT INTO user_directory_search(user_id, vector)
+                            VALUES (?,
+                                setweight(to_tsvector('english', ?), 'A')
+                                || setweight(to_tsvector('english', ?), 'D')
+                                || setweight(to_tsvector('english', COALESCE(?, '')), 'B')
+                            )
+                        """
+                        txn.execute(
+                            sql,
+                            (
+                                user_id,
+                                get_localpart_from_id(user_id),
+                                get_domain_from_id(user_id),
+                                display_name,
+                            ),
+                        )
+                    elif new_entry is False:
+                        sql = """
+                            UPDATE user_directory_search
+                            SET vector = setweight(to_tsvector('english', ?), 'A')
+                                || setweight(to_tsvector('english', ?), 'D')
+                                || setweight(to_tsvector('english', COALESCE(?, '')), 'B')
+                            WHERE user_id = ?
+                        """
+                        txn.execute(
+                            sql,
+                            (
+                                get_localpart_from_id(user_id),
+                                get_domain_from_id(user_id),
+                                display_name,
+                                user_id,
+                            ),
+                        )
+                    else:
+                        raise RuntimeError(
+                            "upsert returned None when 'can_native_upsert' is False"
                         )
-                    )
             elif isinstance(self.database_engine, Sqlite3Engine):
-                value = "%s %s" % (user_id, display_name,) if display_name else user_id
+                value = "%s %s" % (user_id, display_name) if display_name else user_id
                 self._simple_upsert_txn(
                     txn,
                     table="user_directory_search",
@@ -231,29 +263,18 @@ class UserDirectoryStore(SQLBaseStore):
     def remove_from_user_dir(self, user_id):
         def _remove_from_user_dir_txn(txn):
             self._simple_delete_txn(
-                txn,
-                table="user_directory",
-                keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
+                txn, table="user_directory", keyvalues={"user_id": user_id}
             )
             self._simple_delete_txn(
-                txn,
-                table="user_directory_search",
-                keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
+                txn, table="user_directory_search", keyvalues={"user_id": user_id}
             )
             self._simple_delete_txn(
-                txn,
-                table="users_in_public_rooms",
-                keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
-            )
-            txn.call_after(
-                self.get_user_in_directory.invalidate, (user_id,)
+                txn, table="users_in_public_rooms", keyvalues={"user_id": user_id}
             )
-            txn.call_after(
-                self.get_user_in_public_room.invalidate, (user_id,)
-            )
-        return self.runInteraction(
-            "remove_from_user_dir", _remove_from_user_dir_txn,
-        )
+            txn.call_after(self.get_user_in_directory.invalidate, (user_id,))
+            txn.call_after(self.get_user_in_public_room.invalidate, (user_id,))
+
+        return self.runInteraction("remove_from_user_dir", _remove_from_user_dir_txn)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def remove_from_user_in_public_room(self, user_id):
@@ -338,6 +359,7 @@ class UserDirectoryStore(SQLBaseStore):
             share_private (bool): Is the room private
             user_id_tuples([(str, str)]): iterable of 2-tuple of user IDs.
         """
+
         def _add_users_who_share_room_txn(txn):
             self._simple_insert_many_txn(
                 txn,
@@ -354,13 +376,12 @@ class UserDirectoryStore(SQLBaseStore):
             )
             for user_id, other_user_id in user_id_tuples:
                 txn.call_after(
-                    self.get_users_who_share_room_from_dir.invalidate,
-                    (user_id,),
+                    self.get_users_who_share_room_from_dir.invalidate, (user_id,)
                 )
                 txn.call_after(
-                    self.get_if_users_share_a_room.invalidate,
-                    (user_id, other_user_id),
+                    self.get_if_users_share_a_room.invalidate, (user_id, other_user_id)
                 )
+
         return self.runInteraction(
             "add_users_who_share_room", _add_users_who_share_room_txn
         )
@@ -374,6 +395,7 @@ class UserDirectoryStore(SQLBaseStore):
             share_private (bool): Is the room private
             user_id_tuples([(str, str)]): iterable of 2-tuple of user IDs.
         """
+
         def _update_users_who_share_room_txn(txn):
             sql = """
                 UPDATE users_who_share_rooms
@@ -381,21 +403,16 @@ class UserDirectoryStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 WHERE user_id = ? AND other_user_id = ?
             """
             txn.executemany(
-                sql,
-                (
-                    (room_id, share_private, uid, oid)
-                    for uid, oid in user_id_sets
-                )
+                sql, ((room_id, share_private, uid, oid) for uid, oid in user_id_sets)
             )
             for user_id, other_user_id in user_id_sets:
                 txn.call_after(
-                    self.get_users_who_share_room_from_dir.invalidate,
-                    (user_id,),
+                    self.get_users_who_share_room_from_dir.invalidate, (user_id,)
                 )
                 txn.call_after(
-                    self.get_if_users_share_a_room.invalidate,
-                    (user_id, other_user_id),
+                    self.get_if_users_share_a_room.invalidate, (user_id, other_user_id)
                 )
+
         return self.runInteraction(
             "update_users_who_share_room", _update_users_who_share_room_txn
         )
@@ -409,22 +426,18 @@ class UserDirectoryStore(SQLBaseStore):
             share_private (bool): Is the room private
             user_id_tuples([(str, str)]): iterable of 2-tuple of user IDs.
         """
+
         def _remove_user_who_share_room_txn(txn):
             self._simple_delete_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="users_who_share_rooms",
-                keyvalues={
-                    "user_id": user_id,
-                    "other_user_id": other_user_id,
-                },
+                keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "other_user_id": other_user_id},
             )
             txn.call_after(
-                self.get_users_who_share_room_from_dir.invalidate,
-                (user_id,),
+                self.get_users_who_share_room_from_dir.invalidate, (user_id,)
             )
             txn.call_after(
-                self.get_if_users_share_a_room.invalidate,
-                (user_id, other_user_id),
+                self.get_if_users_share_a_room.invalidate, (user_id, other_user_id)
             )
 
         return self.runInteraction(
@@ -445,10 +458,7 @@ class UserDirectoryStore(SQLBaseStore):
         """
         return self._simple_select_one_onecol(
             table="users_who_share_rooms",
-            keyvalues={
-                "user_id": user_id,
-                "other_user_id": other_user_id,
-            },
+            keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "other_user_id": other_user_id},
             retcol="share_private",
             allow_none=True,
             desc="get_if_users_share_a_room",
@@ -466,17 +476,12 @@ class UserDirectoryStore(SQLBaseStore):
         """
         rows = yield self._simple_select_list(
             table="users_who_share_rooms",
-            keyvalues={
-                "user_id": user_id,
-            },
-            retcols=("other_user_id", "share_private",),
+            keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
+            retcols=("other_user_id", "share_private"),
             desc="get_users_who_share_room_with_user",
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue({
-            row["other_user_id"]: row["share_private"]
-            for row in rows
-        })
+        defer.returnValue({row["other_user_id"]: row["share_private"] for row in rows})
 
     def get_users_in_share_dir_with_room_id(self, user_id, room_id):
         """Get all user tuples that are in the users_who_share_rooms due to the
@@ -523,6 +528,7 @@ class UserDirectoryStore(SQLBaseStore):
     def delete_all_from_user_dir(self):
         """Delete the entire user directory
         """
+
         def _delete_all_from_user_dir_txn(txn):
             txn.execute("DELETE FROM user_directory")
             txn.execute("DELETE FROM user_directory_search")
@@ -532,6 +538,7 @@ class UserDirectoryStore(SQLBaseStore):
             txn.call_after(self.get_user_in_public_room.invalidate_all)
             txn.call_after(self.get_users_who_share_room_from_dir.invalidate_all)
             txn.call_after(self.get_if_users_share_a_room.invalidate_all)
+
         return self.runInteraction(
             "delete_all_from_user_dir", _delete_all_from_user_dir_txn
         )
@@ -541,7 +548,7 @@ class UserDirectoryStore(SQLBaseStore):
         return self._simple_select_one(
             table="user_directory",
             keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
-            retcols=("room_id", "display_name", "avatar_url",),
+            retcols=("room_id", "display_name", "avatar_url"),
             allow_none=True,
             desc="get_user_in_directory",
         )
@@ -574,7 +581,9 @@ class UserDirectoryStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
     def get_current_state_deltas(self, prev_stream_id):
         prev_stream_id = int(prev_stream_id)
-        if not self._curr_state_delta_stream_cache.has_any_entity_changed(prev_stream_id):
+        if not self._curr_state_delta_stream_cache.has_any_entity_changed(
+            prev_stream_id
+        ):
             return []
 
         def get_current_state_deltas_txn(txn):
@@ -608,7 +617,7 @@ class UserDirectoryStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 WHERE ? < stream_id AND stream_id <= ?
                 ORDER BY stream_id ASC
             """
-            txn.execute(sql, (prev_stream_id, max_stream_id,))
+            txn.execute(sql, (prev_stream_id, max_stream_id))
             return self.cursor_to_dict(txn)
 
         return self.runInteraction(
@@ -698,8 +707,11 @@ class UserDirectoryStore(SQLBaseStore):
                     display_name IS NULL,
                     avatar_url IS NULL
                 LIMIT ?
-            """ % (join_clause, where_clause)
-            args = join_args + (full_query, exact_query, prefix_query, limit + 1,)
+            """ % (
+                join_clause,
+                where_clause,
+            )
+            args = join_args + (full_query, exact_query, prefix_query, limit + 1)
         elif isinstance(self.database_engine, Sqlite3Engine):
             search_query = _parse_query_sqlite(search_term)
 
@@ -716,7 +728,10 @@ class UserDirectoryStore(SQLBaseStore):
                     display_name IS NULL,
                     avatar_url IS NULL
                 LIMIT ?
-            """ % (join_clause, where_clause)
+            """ % (
+                join_clause,
+                where_clause,
+            )
             args = join_args + (search_query, limit + 1)
         else:
             # This should be unreachable.
@@ -728,10 +743,7 @@ class UserDirectoryStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
         limited = len(results) > limit
 
-        defer.returnValue({
-            "limited": limited,
-            "results": results,
-        })
+        defer.returnValue({"limited": limited, "results": results})
 
 
 def _parse_query_sqlite(search_term):
@@ -746,7 +758,7 @@ def _parse_query_sqlite(search_term):
 
     # Pull out the individual words, discarding any non-word characters.
     results = re.findall(r"([\w\-]+)", search_term, re.UNICODE)
-    return " & ".join("(%s* OR %s)" % (result, result,) for result in results)
+    return " & ".join("(%s* OR %s)" % (result, result) for result in results)
 
 
 def _parse_query_postgres(search_term):
@@ -759,7 +771,7 @@ def _parse_query_postgres(search_term):
     # Pull out the individual words, discarding any non-word characters.
     results = re.findall(r"([\w\-]+)", search_term, re.UNICODE)
 
-    both = " & ".join("(%s:* | %s)" % (result, result,) for result in results)
+    both = " & ".join("(%s:* | %s)" % (result, result) for result in results)
     exact = " & ".join("%s" % (result,) for result in results)
     prefix = " & ".join("%s:*" % (result,) for result in results)
 
diff --git a/synapse/types.py b/synapse/types.py
index 41afb27a74..d8cb64addb 100644
--- a/synapse/types.py
+++ b/synapse/types.py
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
 # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
+import re
 import string
 from collections import namedtuple
 
@@ -228,6 +229,71 @@ def contains_invalid_mxid_characters(localpart):
     return any(c not in mxid_localpart_allowed_characters for c in localpart)
 
 
+UPPER_CASE_PATTERN = re.compile(b"[A-Z_]")
+
+# the following is a pattern which matches '=', and bytes which are not allowed in a mxid
+# localpart.
+#
+# It works by:
+#  * building a string containing the allowed characters (excluding '=')
+#  * escaping every special character with a backslash (to stop '-' being interpreted as a
+#    range operator)
+#  * wrapping it in a '[^...]' regex
+#  * converting the whole lot to a 'bytes' sequence, so that we can use it to match
+#    bytes rather than strings
+#
+NON_MXID_CHARACTER_PATTERN = re.compile(
+    ("[^%s]" % (
+        re.escape("".join(mxid_localpart_allowed_characters - {"="}),),
+    )).encode("ascii"),
+)
+
+
+def map_username_to_mxid_localpart(username, case_sensitive=False):
+    """Map a username onto a string suitable for a MXID
+
+    This follows the algorithm laid out at
+    https://matrix.org/docs/spec/appendices.html#mapping-from-other-character-sets.
+
+    Args:
+        username (unicode|bytes): username to be mapped
+        case_sensitive (bool): true if TEST and test should be mapped
+            onto different mxids
+
+    Returns:
+        unicode: string suitable for a mxid localpart
+    """
+    if not isinstance(username, bytes):
+        username = username.encode('utf-8')
+
+    # first we sort out upper-case characters
+    if case_sensitive:
+        def f1(m):
+            return b"_" + m.group().lower()
+
+        username = UPPER_CASE_PATTERN.sub(f1, username)
+    else:
+        username = username.lower()
+
+    # then we sort out non-ascii characters
+    def f2(m):
+        g = m.group()[0]
+        if isinstance(g, str):
+            # on python 2, we need to do a ord(). On python 3, the
+            # byte itself will do.
+            g = ord(g)
+        return b"=%02x" % (g,)
+
+    username = NON_MXID_CHARACTER_PATTERN.sub(f2, username)
+
+    # we also do the =-escaping to mxids starting with an underscore.
+    username = re.sub(b'^_', b'=5f', username)
+
+    # we should now only have ascii bytes left, so can decode back to a
+    # unicode.
+    return username.decode('ascii')
+
+
 class StreamToken(
     namedtuple("Token", (
         "room_key",
diff --git a/synapse/util/async_helpers.py b/synapse/util/async_helpers.py
index ec7b2c9672..f0e4a0e10c 100644
--- a/synapse/util/async_helpers.py
+++ b/synapse/util/async_helpers.py
@@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ class Linearizer(object):
         if entry[0] >= self.max_count:
             res = self._await_lock(key)
         else:
-            logger.info(
+            logger.debug(
                 "Acquired uncontended linearizer lock %r for key %r", self.name, key,
             )
             entry[0] += 1
@@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ class Linearizer(object):
             try:
                 yield
             finally:
-                logger.info("Releasing linearizer lock %r for key %r", self.name, key)
+                logger.debug("Releasing linearizer lock %r for key %r", self.name, key)
 
                 # We've finished executing so check if there are any things
                 # blocked waiting to execute and start one of them
@@ -247,7 +247,7 @@ class Linearizer(object):
         """
         entry = self.key_to_defer[key]
 
-        logger.info(
+        logger.debug(
             "Waiting to acquire linearizer lock %r for key %r", self.name, key,
         )
 
@@ -255,7 +255,7 @@ class Linearizer(object):
         entry[1][new_defer] = 1
 
         def cb(_r):
-            logger.info("Acquired linearizer lock %r for key %r", self.name, key)
+            logger.debug("Acquired linearizer lock %r for key %r", self.name, key)
             entry[0] += 1
 
             # if the code holding the lock completes synchronously, then it
@@ -273,7 +273,7 @@ class Linearizer(object):
         def eb(e):
             logger.info("defer %r got err %r", new_defer, e)
             if isinstance(e, CancelledError):
-                logger.info(
+                logger.debug(
                     "Cancelling wait for linearizer lock %r for key %r",
                     self.name, key,
                 )
@@ -387,12 +387,14 @@ def timeout_deferred(deferred, timeout, reactor, on_timeout_cancel=None):
     deferred that wraps and times out the given deferred, correctly handling
     the case where the given deferred's canceller throws.
 
+    (See https://twistedmatrix.com/trac/ticket/9534)
+
     NOTE: Unlike `Deferred.addTimeout`, this function returns a new deferred
 
     Args:
         deferred (Deferred)
         timeout (float): Timeout in seconds
-        reactor (twisted.internet.reactor): The twisted reactor to use
+        reactor (twisted.interfaces.IReactorTime): The twisted reactor to use
         on_timeout_cancel (callable): A callable which is called immediately
             after the deferred times out, and not if this deferred is
             otherwise cancelled before the timeout.
diff --git a/synapse/util/caches/ttlcache.py b/synapse/util/caches/ttlcache.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5ba1862506
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/util/caches/ttlcache.py
@@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+import logging
+import time
+
+import attr
+from sortedcontainers import SortedList
+
+from synapse.util.caches import register_cache
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+SENTINEL = object()
+
+
+class TTLCache(object):
+    """A key/value cache implementation where each entry has its own TTL"""
+
+    def __init__(self, cache_name, timer=time.time):
+        # map from key to _CacheEntry
+        self._data = {}
+
+        # the _CacheEntries, sorted by expiry time
+        self._expiry_list = SortedList()
+
+        self._timer = timer
+
+        self._metrics = register_cache("ttl", cache_name, self)
+
+    def set(self, key, value, ttl):
+        """Add/update an entry in the cache
+
+        Args:
+            key: key for this entry
+            value: value for this entry
+            ttl (float): TTL for this entry, in seconds
+        """
+        expiry = self._timer() + ttl
+
+        self.expire()
+        e = self._data.pop(key, SENTINEL)
+        if e != SENTINEL:
+            self._expiry_list.remove(e)
+
+        entry = _CacheEntry(expiry_time=expiry, key=key, value=value)
+        self._data[key] = entry
+        self._expiry_list.add(entry)
+
+    def get(self, key, default=SENTINEL):
+        """Get a value from the cache
+
+        Args:
+            key: key to look up
+            default: default value to return, if key is not found. If not set, and the
+                key is not found, a KeyError will be raised
+
+        Returns:
+            value from the cache, or the default
+        """
+        self.expire()
+        e = self._data.get(key, SENTINEL)
+        if e == SENTINEL:
+            self._metrics.inc_misses()
+            if default == SENTINEL:
+                raise KeyError(key)
+            return default
+        self._metrics.inc_hits()
+        return e.value
+
+    def get_with_expiry(self, key):
+        """Get a value, and its expiry time, from the cache
+
+        Args:
+            key: key to look up
+
+        Returns:
+            Tuple[Any, float]: the value from the cache, and the expiry time
+
+        Raises:
+            KeyError if the entry is not found
+        """
+        self.expire()
+        try:
+            e = self._data[key]
+        except KeyError:
+            self._metrics.inc_misses()
+            raise
+        self._metrics.inc_hits()
+        return e.value, e.expiry_time
+
+    def pop(self, key, default=SENTINEL):
+        """Remove a value from the cache
+
+        If key is in the cache, remove it and return its value, else return default.
+        If default is not given and key is not in the cache, a KeyError is raised.
+
+        Args:
+            key: key to look up
+            default: default value to return, if key is not found. If not set, and the
+                key is not found, a KeyError will be raised
+
+        Returns:
+            value from the cache, or the default
+        """
+        self.expire()
+        e = self._data.pop(key, SENTINEL)
+        if e == SENTINEL:
+            self._metrics.inc_misses()
+            if default == SENTINEL:
+                raise KeyError(key)
+            return default
+        self._expiry_list.remove(e)
+        self._metrics.inc_hits()
+        return e.value
+
+    def __getitem__(self, key):
+        return self.get(key)
+
+    def __delitem__(self, key):
+        self.pop(key)
+
+    def __contains__(self, key):
+        return key in self._data
+
+    def __len__(self):
+        self.expire()
+        return len(self._data)
+
+    def expire(self):
+        """Run the expiry on the cache. Any entries whose expiry times are due will
+        be removed
+        """
+        now = self._timer()
+        while self._expiry_list:
+            first_entry = self._expiry_list[0]
+            if first_entry.expiry_time - now > 0.0:
+                break
+            del self._data[first_entry.key]
+            del self._expiry_list[0]
+
+
+@attr.s(frozen=True, slots=True)
+class _CacheEntry(object):
+    """TTLCache entry"""
+    # expiry_time is the first attribute, so that entries are sorted by expiry.
+    expiry_time = attr.ib()
+    key = attr.ib()
+    value = attr.ib()
diff --git a/synapse/util/logcontext.py b/synapse/util/logcontext.py
index 4c6e92beb8..311b49e18a 100644
--- a/synapse/util/logcontext.py
+++ b/synapse/util/logcontext.py
@@ -285,7 +285,10 @@ class LoggingContext(object):
         self.alive = False
 
         # if we have a parent, pass our CPU usage stats on
-        if self.parent_context is not None:
+        if (
+            self.parent_context is not None
+            and hasattr(self.parent_context, '_resource_usage')
+        ):
             self.parent_context._resource_usage += self._resource_usage
 
             # reset them in case we get entered again