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-rwxr-xr-xsynapse/app/homeserver.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/crypto/keyclient.py2
-rw-r--r--synapse/events/__init__.py6
-rw-r--r--synapse/federation/persistence.py7
-rw-r--r--synapse/federation/transport/server.py2
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/federation.py3
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/room.py2
-rw-r--r--synapse/http/client.py2
-rw-r--r--synapse/http/matrixfederationclient.py2
-rw-r--r--synapse/push/__init__.py2
-rw-r--r--synapse/push/pusherpool.py2
-rw-r--r--synapse/python_dependencies.py2
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/v1/directory.py2
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/v1/login.py2
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/v1/presence.py2
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/v1/profile.py2
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/v1/push_rule.py2
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/v1/pusher.py2
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/v1/register.py2
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/v1/room.py2
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/filter.py2
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/media/v0/content_repository.py2
-rw-r--r--synapse/state.py103
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/__init__.py12
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/_base.py2
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/filtering.py2
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/push_rule.py2
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/roommember.py68
-rw-r--r--synapse/util/frozenutils.py8
29 files changed, 194 insertions, 56 deletions
diff --git a/synapse/app/homeserver.py b/synapse/app/homeserver.py
index ff6680e7da..f5681fac20 100755
--- a/synapse/app/homeserver.py
+++ b/synapse/app/homeserver.py
@@ -274,6 +274,7 @@ def setup():
 
     hs.get_pusherpool().start()
 
+    hs.get_state_handler().start_caching()
     hs.get_datastore().start_profiling()
 
     if config.daemonize:
diff --git a/synapse/crypto/keyclient.py b/synapse/crypto/keyclient.py
index cd12349f67..74008347c3 100644
--- a/synapse/crypto/keyclient.py
+++ b/synapse/crypto/keyclient.py
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ from twisted.internet.protocol import Factory
 from twisted.internet import defer, reactor
 from synapse.http.endpoint import matrix_federation_endpoint
 from synapse.util.logcontext import PreserveLoggingContext
-import json
+import simplejson as json
 import logging
 
 
diff --git a/synapse/events/__init__.py b/synapse/events/__init__.py
index 8f0c6e959f..64e08223b0 100644
--- a/synapse/events/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/events/__init__.py
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
-from synapse.util.frozenutils import freeze, unfreeze
+from synapse.util.frozenutils import freeze
 
 
 class _EventInternalMetadata(object):
@@ -140,10 +140,6 @@ class FrozenEvent(EventBase):
 
         return e
 
-    def get_dict(self):
-        # We need to unfreeze what we return
-        return unfreeze(super(FrozenEvent, self).get_dict())
-
     def __str__(self):
         return self.__repr__()
 
diff --git a/synapse/federation/persistence.py b/synapse/federation/persistence.py
index 85c82a4623..76a9dcd777 100644
--- a/synapse/federation/persistence.py
+++ b/synapse/federation/persistence.py
@@ -23,7 +23,8 @@ from twisted.internet import defer
 
 from synapse.util.logutils import log_function
 
-import json
+from syutil.jsonutil import encode_canonical_json
+
 import logging
 
 
@@ -70,7 +71,7 @@ class TransactionActions(object):
             transaction.transaction_id,
             transaction.origin,
             code,
-            json.dumps(response)
+            encode_canonical_json(response)
         )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -100,5 +101,5 @@ class TransactionActions(object):
             transaction.transaction_id,
             transaction.destination,
             response_code,
-            json.dumps(response_dict)
+            encode_canonical_json(response_dict)
         )
diff --git a/synapse/federation/transport/server.py b/synapse/federation/transport/server.py
index 9c9f8d525b..2ffb37aa18 100644
--- a/synapse/federation/transport/server.py
+++ b/synapse/federation/transport/server.py
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ from synapse.api.errors import Codes, SynapseError
 from synapse.util.logutils import log_function
 
 import logging
-import json
+import simplejson as json
 import re
 
 
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/federation.py b/synapse/handlers/federation.py
index 0f9c82fd06..77c81fe2da 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/federation.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/federation.py
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ from synapse.api.errors import (
 from synapse.api.constants import EventTypes, Membership, RejectedReason
 from synapse.util.logutils import log_function
 from synapse.util.async import run_on_reactor
+from synapse.util.frozenutils import unfreeze
 from synapse.crypto.event_signing import (
     compute_event_signature, add_hashes_and_signatures,
 )
@@ -311,7 +312,7 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
         self.room_queues[room_id] = []
 
         builder = self.event_builder_factory.new(
-            event.get_pdu_json()
+            unfreeze(event.get_pdu_json())
         )
 
         handled_events = set()
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/room.py b/synapse/handlers/room.py
index 0369b907a5..914742d913 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/room.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/room.py
@@ -462,7 +462,7 @@ class RoomMemberHandler(BaseHandler):
                 room_hosts,
                 room_id,
                 event.user_id,
-                event.get_dict()["content"],  # FIXME To get a non-frozen dict
+                event.content,  # FIXME To get a non-frozen dict
                 context
             )
         else:
diff --git a/synapse/http/client.py b/synapse/http/client.py
index 198f575cfa..d500e19c81 100644
--- a/synapse/http/client.py
+++ b/synapse/http/client.py
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ from twisted.web.http_headers import Headers
 
 from StringIO import StringIO
 
-import json
+import simplejson as json
 import logging
 import urllib
 
diff --git a/synapse/http/matrixfederationclient.py b/synapse/http/matrixfederationclient.py
index 96f4250167..1927948001 100644
--- a/synapse/http/matrixfederationclient.py
+++ b/synapse/http/matrixfederationclient.py
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ from synapse.api.errors import (
 
 from syutil.crypto.jsonsign import sign_json
 
-import json
+import simplejson as json
 import logging
 import urllib
 import urlparse
diff --git a/synapse/push/__init__.py b/synapse/push/__init__.py
index 418a348a58..0659a1cb9b 100644
--- a/synapse/push/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/push/__init__.py
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ import synapse.util.async
 import baserules
 
 import logging
-import json
+import simplejson as json
 import re
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
diff --git a/synapse/push/pusherpool.py b/synapse/push/pusherpool.py
index 5a525befd7..7483d257bf 100644
--- a/synapse/push/pusherpool.py
+++ b/synapse/push/pusherpool.py
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ from httppusher import HttpPusher
 from synapse.push import PusherConfigException
 
 import logging
-import json
+import simplejson as json
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
diff --git a/synapse/python_dependencies.py b/synapse/python_dependencies.py
index e2a9d1f6a7..8164effeee 100644
--- a/synapse/python_dependencies.py
+++ b/synapse/python_dependencies.py
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ from distutils.version import LooseVersion
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 REQUIREMENTS = {
-    "syutil==0.0.2": ["syutil"],
+    "syutil>=0.0.3": ["syutil"],
     "matrix_angular_sdk>=0.6.1": ["syweb>=0.6.1"],
     "Twisted==14.0.2": ["twisted==14.0.2"],
     "service_identity>=1.0.0": ["service_identity>=1.0.0"],
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v1/directory.py b/synapse/rest/client/v1/directory.py
index 8ed7e2d669..420aa89f38 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v1/directory.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v1/directory.py
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ from synapse.api.errors import AuthError, SynapseError, Codes
 from synapse.types import RoomAlias
 from .base import ClientV1RestServlet, client_path_pattern
 
-import json
+import simplejson as json
 import logging
 
 
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v1/login.py b/synapse/rest/client/v1/login.py
index 7116ac98e8..b2257b749d 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v1/login.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v1/login.py
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ from synapse.api.errors import SynapseError
 from synapse.types import UserID
 from base import ClientV1RestServlet, client_path_pattern
 
-import json
+import simplejson as json
 
 
 class LoginRestServlet(ClientV1RestServlet):
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v1/presence.py b/synapse/rest/client/v1/presence.py
index 7feb4aadb1..78d4f2b128 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v1/presence.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v1/presence.py
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ from synapse.api.errors import SynapseError
 from synapse.types import UserID
 from .base import ClientV1RestServlet, client_path_pattern
 
-import json
+import simplejson as json
 import logging
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v1/profile.py b/synapse/rest/client/v1/profile.py
index 15d6f3fc6c..1e77eb49cf 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v1/profile.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v1/profile.py
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ from twisted.internet import defer
 from .base import ClientV1RestServlet, client_path_pattern
 from synapse.types import UserID
 
-import json
+import simplejson as json
 
 
 class ProfileDisplaynameRestServlet(ClientV1RestServlet):
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v1/push_rule.py b/synapse/rest/client/v1/push_rule.py
index c4e7dfcf0e..b012f31084 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v1/push_rule.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v1/push_rule.py
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ from synapse.push.rulekinds import (
     PRIORITY_CLASS_MAP, PRIORITY_CLASS_INVERSE_MAP
 )
 
-import json
+import simplejson as json
 
 
 class PushRuleRestServlet(ClientV1RestServlet):
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v1/pusher.py b/synapse/rest/client/v1/pusher.py
index 80e9939b79..6045e86f34 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v1/pusher.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v1/pusher.py
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ from synapse.api.errors import SynapseError, Codes
 from synapse.push import PusherConfigException
 from .base import ClientV1RestServlet, client_path_pattern
 
-import json
+import simplejson as json
 
 
 class PusherRestServlet(ClientV1RestServlet):
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v1/register.py b/synapse/rest/client/v1/register.py
index c0423c2d45..d3399c446b 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v1/register.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v1/register.py
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ from synapse.util.async import run_on_reactor
 
 from hashlib import sha1
 import hmac
-import json
+import simplejson as json
 import logging
 import urllib
 
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v1/room.py b/synapse/rest/client/v1/room.py
index 410f19ccf6..0346afb1b4 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v1/room.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v1/room.py
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ from synapse.api.constants import EventTypes, Membership
 from synapse.types import UserID, RoomID, RoomAlias
 from synapse.events.utils import serialize_event
 
-import json
+import simplejson as json
 import logging
 import urllib
 
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/filter.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/filter.py
index 6ddc495d23..703250cea8 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/filter.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/filter.py
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ from synapse.types import UserID
 
 from ._base import client_v2_pattern
 
-import json
+import simplejson as json
 import logging
 
 
diff --git a/synapse/rest/media/v0/content_repository.py b/synapse/rest/media/v0/content_repository.py
index 22e26e3cd5..e77a20fb2e 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/media/v0/content_repository.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/media/v0/content_repository.py
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ from twisted.web import server, resource
 from twisted.internet import defer
 
 import base64
-import json
+import simplejson as json
 import logging
 import os
 import re
diff --git a/synapse/state.py b/synapse/state.py
index 54380b9e5c..98aaa2be53 100644
--- a/synapse/state.py
+++ b/synapse/state.py
@@ -43,14 +43,39 @@ AuthEventTypes = (
 )
 
 
+SIZE_OF_CACHE = 1000
+EVICTION_TIMEOUT_SECONDS = 20
+
+
+class _StateCacheEntry(object):
+    def __init__(self, state, state_group, ts):
+        self.state = state
+        self.state_group = state_group
+        self.ts = ts
+
+
 class StateHandler(object):
     """ Responsible for doing state conflict resolution.
     """
 
     def __init__(self, hs):
+        self.clock = hs.get_clock()
         self.store = hs.get_datastore()
         self.hs = hs
 
+        # dict of set of event_ids -> _StateCacheEntry.
+        self._state_cache = None
+
+    def start_caching(self):
+        logger.debug("start_caching")
+
+        self._state_cache = {}
+
+        def f():
+            self._prune_cache()
+
+        self.clock.looping_call(f, 5*1000)
+
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_current_state(self, room_id, event_type=None, state_key=""):
         """ Returns the current state for the room as a list. This is done by
@@ -70,13 +95,22 @@ class StateHandler(object):
             for e_id, _, _ in events
         ]
 
-        res = yield self.resolve_state_groups(event_ids)
+        cache = None
+        if self._state_cache is not None:
+            cache = self._state_cache.get(frozenset(event_ids), None)
+
+        if cache:
+            cache.ts = self.clock.time_msec()
+            state = cache.state
+        else:
+            res = yield self.resolve_state_groups(event_ids)
+            state = res[1]
 
         if event_type:
-            defer.returnValue(res[1].get((event_type, state_key)))
+            defer.returnValue(state.get((event_type, state_key)))
             return
 
-        defer.returnValue(res[1])
+        defer.returnValue(state)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def compute_event_context(self, event, old_state=None):
@@ -177,6 +211,20 @@ class StateHandler(object):
         """
         logger.debug("resolve_state_groups event_ids %s", event_ids)
 
+        if self._state_cache is not None:
+            cache = self._state_cache.get(frozenset(event_ids), None)
+            if cache and cache.state_group:
+                cache.ts = self.clock.time_msec()
+                prev_state = cache.state.get((event_type, state_key), None)
+                if prev_state:
+                    prev_state = prev_state.event_id
+                    prev_states = [prev_state]
+                else:
+                    prev_states = []
+                defer.returnValue(
+                    (cache.state_group, cache.state, prev_states)
+                )
+
         state_groups = yield self.store.get_state_groups(
             event_ids
         )
@@ -200,6 +248,15 @@ class StateHandler(object):
             else:
                 prev_states = []
 
+            if self._state_cache is not None:
+                cache = _StateCacheEntry(
+                    state=state,
+                    state_group=name,
+                    ts=self.clock.time_msec()
+                )
+
+                self._state_cache[frozenset(event_ids)] = cache
+
             defer.returnValue((name, state, prev_states))
 
         state = {}
@@ -245,6 +302,15 @@ class StateHandler(object):
         new_state = unconflicted_state
         new_state.update(resolved_state)
 
+        if self._state_cache is not None:
+            cache = _StateCacheEntry(
+                state=new_state,
+                state_group=None,
+                ts=self.clock.time_msec()
+            )
+
+            self._state_cache[frozenset(event_ids)] = cache
+
         defer.returnValue((None, new_state, prev_states))
 
     @log_function
@@ -328,3 +394,34 @@ class StateHandler(object):
             return -int(e.depth), hashlib.sha1(e.event_id).hexdigest()
 
         return sorted(events, key=key_func)
+
+    def _prune_cache(self):
+        logger.debug(
+            "_prune_cache. before len: %d",
+            len(self._state_cache.keys())
+        )
+
+        now = self.clock.time_msec()
+
+        if len(self._state_cache.keys()) > SIZE_OF_CACHE:
+            sorted_entries = sorted(
+                self._state_cache.items(),
+                key=lambda k, v: v.ts,
+            )
+
+            for k, _ in sorted_entries[SIZE_OF_CACHE:]:
+                self._state_cache.pop(k)
+
+        keys_to_delete = set()
+
+        for key, cache_entry in self._state_cache.items():
+            if now - cache_entry.ts > EVICTION_TIMEOUT_SECONDS*1000:
+                keys_to_delete.add(key)
+
+        for k in keys_to_delete:
+            self._state_cache.pop(k)
+
+        logger.debug(
+            "_prune_cache. after len: %d",
+            len(self._state_cache.keys())
+        )
diff --git a/synapse/storage/__init__.py b/synapse/storage/__init__.py
index a33e2298f6..02b1f06854 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/__init__.py
@@ -44,7 +44,6 @@ from syutil.jsonutil import encode_canonical_json
 from synapse.crypto.event_signing import compute_event_reference_hash
 
 
-import json
 import logging
 import os
 
@@ -301,12 +300,16 @@ class DataStore(RoomMemberStore, RoomStore,
             or_replace=True,
         )
 
+        content = encode_canonical_json(
+            event.content
+        ).decode("UTF-8")
+
         vals = {
             "topological_ordering": event.depth,
             "event_id": event.event_id,
             "type": event.type,
             "room_id": event.room_id,
-            "content": json.dumps(event.get_dict()["content"]),
+            "content": content,
             "processed": True,
             "outlier": outlier,
             "depth": event.depth,
@@ -326,7 +329,10 @@ class DataStore(RoomMemberStore, RoomStore,
                 "prev_events",
             ]
         }
-        vals["unrecognized_keys"] = json.dumps(unrec)
+
+        vals["unrecognized_keys"] = encode_canonical_json(
+            unrec
+        ).decode("UTF-8")
 
         try:
             self._simple_insert_txn(
diff --git a/synapse/storage/_base.py b/synapse/storage/_base.py
index 29fc334f45..be9934c66f 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/_base.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/_base.py
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ from synapse.util.lrucache import LruCache
 from twisted.internet import defer
 
 import collections
-import json
+import simplejson as json
 import sys
 import time
 
diff --git a/synapse/storage/filtering.py b/synapse/storage/filtering.py
index e86eeced45..457a11fd02 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/filtering.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/filtering.py
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ from twisted.internet import defer
 
 from ._base import SQLBaseStore
 
-import json
+import simplejson as json
 
 
 class FilteringStore(SQLBaseStore):
diff --git a/synapse/storage/push_rule.py b/synapse/storage/push_rule.py
index 620de71398..ae46b39cc1 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/push_rule.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/push_rule.py
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ from twisted.internet import defer
 
 import logging
 import copy
-import json
+import simplejson as json
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
diff --git a/synapse/storage/roommember.py b/synapse/storage/roommember.py
index c69dd995ce..779f9ce544 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/roommember.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/roommember.py
@@ -35,6 +35,11 @@ RoomsForUser = namedtuple(
 
 class RoomMemberStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
+    def __init__(self, *args, **kw):
+        super(RoomMemberStore, self).__init__(*args, **kw)
+
+        self._user_rooms_cache = {}
+
     def _store_room_member_txn(self, txn, event):
         """Store a room member in the database.
         """
@@ -98,6 +103,8 @@ class RoomMemberStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
                 txn.execute(sql, (event.room_id, domain))
 
+        self.invalidate_rooms_for_user(target_user_id)
+
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_room_member(self, user_id, room_id):
         """Retrieve the current state of a room member.
@@ -240,28 +247,53 @@ class RoomMemberStore(SQLBaseStore):
         results = self._parse_events_txn(txn, rows)
         return results
 
+    # TODO(paul): Create a nice @cached decorator to do this
+    #    @cached
+    #    def get_foo(...)
+    #        ...
+    #    invalidate_foo = get_foo.invalidator
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def get_rooms_for_user(self, user_id):
+        # TODO(paul): put some performance counters in here so we can easily
+        #   track what impact this cache is having
+        if user_id in self._user_rooms_cache:
+            defer.returnValue(self._user_rooms_cache[user_id])
+
+        rooms = yield self.get_rooms_for_user_where_membership_is(
+            user_id, membership_list=[Membership.JOIN],
+        )
+
+        # TODO(paul): Consider applying a maximum size; just evict things at
+        #   random, or consider LRU?
+
+        self._user_rooms_cache[user_id] = rooms
+        defer.returnValue(rooms)
+
+    def invalidate_rooms_for_user(self, user_id):
+        if user_id in self._user_rooms_cache:
+            del self._user_rooms_cache[user_id]
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def user_rooms_intersect(self, user_id_list):
         """ Checks whether all the users whose IDs are given in a list share a
         room.
+
+        This is a "hot path" function that's called a lot, e.g. by presence for
+        generating the event stream. As such, it is implemented locally by
+        wrapping logic around heavily-cached database queries.
         """
-        def interaction(txn):
-            user_list_clause = " OR ".join(["m.user_id = ?"] * len(user_id_list))
-            sql = (
-                "SELECT m.room_id FROM room_memberships as m "
-                "INNER JOIN current_state_events as c "
-                "ON m.event_id = c.event_id "
-                "WHERE m.membership = 'join' "
-                "AND (%(clause)s) "
-                # TODO(paul): We've got duplicate rows in the database somewhere
-                #   so we have to DISTINCT m.user_id here
-                "GROUP BY m.room_id HAVING COUNT(DISTINCT m.user_id) = ?"
-            ) % {"clause": user_list_clause}
-
-            args = list(user_id_list)
-            args.append(len(user_id_list))
+        if len(user_id_list) < 2:
+            defer.returnValue(True)
 
-            txn.execute(sql, args)
+        deferreds = [self.get_rooms_for_user(u) for u in user_id_list]
+
+        results = yield defer.DeferredList(deferreds)
+
+        # A list of sets of strings giving room IDs for each user
+        room_id_lists = [set([r.room_id for r in result[1]]) for result in results]
 
-            return len(txn.fetchall()) > 0
+        # There isn't a setintersection(*list_of_sets)
+        ret = len(room_id_lists.pop(0).intersection(*room_id_lists)) > 0
 
-        return self.runInteraction("user_rooms_intersect", interaction)
+        defer.returnValue(ret)
diff --git a/synapse/util/frozenutils.py b/synapse/util/frozenutils.py
index a13a2015e4..9e10d37aec 100644
--- a/synapse/util/frozenutils.py
+++ b/synapse/util/frozenutils.py
@@ -21,6 +21,9 @@ def freeze(o):
     if t is dict:
         return frozendict({k: freeze(v) for k, v in o.items()})
 
+    if t is frozendict:
+        return o
+
     if t is str or t is unicode:
         return o
 
@@ -33,10 +36,11 @@ def freeze(o):
 
 
 def unfreeze(o):
-    if isinstance(o, frozendict) or isinstance(o, dict):
+    t = type(o)
+    if t is dict or t is frozendict:
         return dict({k: unfreeze(v) for k, v in o.items()})
 
-    if isinstance(o, basestring):
+    if t is str or t is unicode:
         return o
 
     try: