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-rw-r--r--synapse/__init__.py2
-rw-r--r--synapse/api/constants.py41
-rw-r--r--synapse/api/room_versions.py91
-rw-r--r--synapse/config/key.py3
-rw-r--r--synapse/event_auth.py20
-rw-r--r--synapse/events/__init__.py15
-rw-r--r--synapse/events/builder.py36
-rw-r--r--synapse/events/validator.py3
-rw-r--r--synapse/federation/federation_base.py16
-rw-r--r--synapse/federation/federation_client.py29
-rw-r--r--synapse/federation/federation_server.py3
-rw-r--r--synapse/federation/transport/server.py4
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/federation.py13
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/message.py7
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/room.py12
-rw-r--r--synapse/push/emailpusher.py11
-rw-r--r--synapse/push/httppusher.py12
-rw-r--r--synapse/push/pusherpool.py28
-rw-r--r--synapse/replication/slave/storage/events.py31
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/capabilities.py10
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/room_upgrade_rest_servlet.py2
-rw-r--r--synapse/state/__init__.py16
-rw-r--r--synapse/state/v1.py11
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/__init__.py195
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/_base.py401
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/account_data.py77
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/appservice.py67
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/background_updates.py35
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/client_ips.py85
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/deviceinbox.py63
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/devices.py225
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/directory.py44
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/e2e_room_keys.py65
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/end_to_end_keys.py71
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/engines/__init__.py12
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/engines/postgres.py15
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/engines/sqlite.py5
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/event_federation.py149
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/event_push_actions.py213
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/events.py24
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/events_worker.py141
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/filtering.py10
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/group_server.py482
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/keys.py45
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/media_repository.py154
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/monthly_active_users.py45
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/openid.py7
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/prepare_database.py67
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/presence.py86
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/profile.py10
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/push_rule.py294
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/pusher.py86
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/receipts.py191
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/registration.py229
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/rejections.py4
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/room.py150
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/search.py197
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/signatures.py41
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/state.py237
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/state_deltas.py7
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/stream.py284
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/tags.py31
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/transactions.py62
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/user_erasure_store.py29
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/util/id_generators.py10
65 files changed, 2435 insertions, 2626 deletions
diff --git a/synapse/__init__.py b/synapse/__init__.py
index 25c10244d3..6bb5a8b24d 100644
--- a/synapse/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/__init__.py
@@ -27,4 +27,4 @@ try:
 except ImportError:
     pass
 
-__version__ = "0.99.2"
+__version__ = "0.99.3"
diff --git a/synapse/api/constants.py b/synapse/api/constants.py
index f47c33a074..dd373fa4b8 100644
--- a/synapse/api/constants.py
+++ b/synapse/api/constants.py
@@ -69,6 +69,7 @@ class EventTypes(object):
     Redaction = "m.room.redaction"
     ThirdPartyInvite = "m.room.third_party_invite"
     Encryption = "m.room.encryption"
+    RelatedGroups = "m.room.related_groups"
 
     RoomHistoryVisibility = "m.room.history_visibility"
     CanonicalAlias = "m.room.canonical_alias"
@@ -102,46 +103,6 @@ class ThirdPartyEntityKind(object):
     LOCATION = "location"
 
 
-class RoomVersions(object):
-    V1 = "1"
-    V2 = "2"
-    V3 = "3"
-    STATE_V2_TEST = "state-v2-test"
-
-
-class RoomDisposition(object):
-    STABLE = "stable"
-    UNSTABLE = "unstable"
-
-
-# the version we will give rooms which are created on this server
-DEFAULT_ROOM_VERSION = RoomVersions.V1
-
-# vdh-test-version is a placeholder to get room versioning support working and tested
-# until we have a working v2.
-KNOWN_ROOM_VERSIONS = {
-    RoomVersions.V1,
-    RoomVersions.V2,
-    RoomVersions.V3,
-    RoomVersions.STATE_V2_TEST,
-    RoomVersions.V3,
-}
-
-
-class EventFormatVersions(object):
-    """This is an internal enum for tracking the version of the event format,
-    independently from the room version.
-    """
-    V1 = 1
-    V2 = 2
-
-
-KNOWN_EVENT_FORMAT_VERSIONS = {
-    EventFormatVersions.V1,
-    EventFormatVersions.V2,
-}
-
-
 ServerNoticeMsgType = "m.server_notice"
 ServerNoticeLimitReached = "m.server_notice.usage_limit_reached"
 
diff --git a/synapse/api/room_versions.py b/synapse/api/room_versions.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e77abe1040
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/api/room_versions.py
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+import attr
+
+
+class EventFormatVersions(object):
+    """This is an internal enum for tracking the version of the event format,
+    independently from the room version.
+    """
+    V1 = 1   # $id:server format
+    V2 = 2   # MSC1659-style $hash format: introduced for room v3
+
+
+KNOWN_EVENT_FORMAT_VERSIONS = {
+    EventFormatVersions.V1,
+    EventFormatVersions.V2,
+}
+
+
+class StateResolutionVersions(object):
+    """Enum to identify the state resolution algorithms"""
+    V1 = 1   # room v1 state res
+    V2 = 2   # MSC1442 state res: room v2 and later
+
+
+class RoomDisposition(object):
+    STABLE = "stable"
+    UNSTABLE = "unstable"
+
+
+@attr.s(slots=True, frozen=True)
+class RoomVersion(object):
+    """An object which describes the unique attributes of a room version."""
+
+    identifier = attr.ib()      # str; the identifier for this version
+    disposition = attr.ib()     # str; one of the RoomDispositions
+    event_format = attr.ib()    # int; one of the EventFormatVersions
+    state_res = attr.ib()       # int; one of the StateResolutionVersions
+
+
+class RoomVersions(object):
+    V1 = RoomVersion(
+        "1",
+        RoomDisposition.STABLE,
+        EventFormatVersions.V1,
+        StateResolutionVersions.V1,
+    )
+    STATE_V2_TEST = RoomVersion(
+        "state-v2-test",
+        RoomDisposition.UNSTABLE,
+        EventFormatVersions.V1,
+        StateResolutionVersions.V2,
+    )
+    V2 = RoomVersion(
+        "2",
+        RoomDisposition.STABLE,
+        EventFormatVersions.V1,
+        StateResolutionVersions.V2,
+    )
+    V3 = RoomVersion(
+        "3",
+        RoomDisposition.STABLE,
+        EventFormatVersions.V2,
+        StateResolutionVersions.V2,
+    )
+
+
+# the version we will give rooms which are created on this server
+DEFAULT_ROOM_VERSION = RoomVersions.V1
+
+
+KNOWN_ROOM_VERSIONS = {
+    v.identifier: v for v in (
+        RoomVersions.V1,
+        RoomVersions.V2,
+        RoomVersions.V3,
+        RoomVersions.STATE_V2_TEST,
+    )
+}   # type: dict[str, RoomVersion]
diff --git a/synapse/config/key.py b/synapse/config/key.py
index 933928885a..eb10259818 100644
--- a/synapse/config/key.py
+++ b/synapse/config/key.py
@@ -42,7 +42,8 @@ class KeyConfig(Config):
         if "signing_key" in config:
             self.signing_key = read_signing_keys([config["signing_key"]])
         else:
-            self.signing_key = self.read_signing_key(config["signing_key_path"])
+            self.signing_key_path = config["signing_key_path"]
+            self.signing_key = self.read_signing_key(self.signing_key_path)
 
         self.old_signing_keys = self.read_old_signing_keys(
             config.get("old_signing_keys", {})
diff --git a/synapse/event_auth.py b/synapse/event_auth.py
index 8f9e330da5..203490fc36 100644
--- a/synapse/event_auth.py
+++ b/synapse/event_auth.py
@@ -20,15 +20,9 @@ from signedjson.key import decode_verify_key_bytes
 from signedjson.sign import SignatureVerifyException, verify_signed_json
 from unpaddedbase64 import decode_base64
 
-from synapse.api.constants import (
-    KNOWN_ROOM_VERSIONS,
-    EventFormatVersions,
-    EventTypes,
-    JoinRules,
-    Membership,
-    RoomVersions,
-)
+from synapse.api.constants import EventTypes, JoinRules, Membership
 from synapse.api.errors import AuthError, EventSizeError, SynapseError
+from synapse.api.room_versions import KNOWN_ROOM_VERSIONS, EventFormatVersions
 from synapse.types import UserID, get_domain_from_id
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
@@ -452,16 +446,18 @@ def check_redaction(room_version, event, auth_events):
     if user_level >= redact_level:
         return False
 
-    if room_version in (RoomVersions.V1, RoomVersions.V2,):
+    v = KNOWN_ROOM_VERSIONS.get(room_version)
+    if not v:
+        raise RuntimeError("Unrecognized room version %r" % (room_version,))
+
+    if v.event_format == EventFormatVersions.V1:
         redacter_domain = get_domain_from_id(event.event_id)
         redactee_domain = get_domain_from_id(event.redacts)
         if redacter_domain == redactee_domain:
             return True
-    elif room_version == RoomVersions.V3:
+    else:
         event.internal_metadata.recheck_redaction = True
         return True
-    else:
-        raise RuntimeError("Unrecognized room version %r" % (room_version,))
 
     raise AuthError(
         403,
diff --git a/synapse/events/__init__.py b/synapse/events/__init__.py
index fafa135182..12056d5be2 100644
--- a/synapse/events/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/events/__init__.py
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ import six
 
 from unpaddedbase64 import encode_base64
 
-from synapse.api.constants import KNOWN_ROOM_VERSIONS, EventFormatVersions, RoomVersions
+from synapse.api.room_versions import KNOWN_ROOM_VERSIONS, EventFormatVersions
 from synapse.util.caches import intern_dict
 from synapse.util.frozenutils import freeze
 
@@ -351,18 +351,13 @@ def room_version_to_event_format(room_version):
     Returns:
         int
     """
-    if room_version not in KNOWN_ROOM_VERSIONS:
+    v = KNOWN_ROOM_VERSIONS.get(room_version)
+
+    if not v:
         # We should have already checked version, so this should not happen
         raise RuntimeError("Unrecognized room version %s" % (room_version,))
 
-    if room_version in (
-        RoomVersions.V1, RoomVersions.V2, RoomVersions.STATE_V2_TEST,
-    ):
-        return EventFormatVersions.V1
-    elif room_version in (RoomVersions.V3,):
-        return EventFormatVersions.V2
-    else:
-        raise RuntimeError("Unrecognized room version %s" % (room_version,))
+    return v.event_format
 
 
 def event_type_from_format_version(format_version):
diff --git a/synapse/events/builder.py b/synapse/events/builder.py
index 06e01be918..fba27177c7 100644
--- a/synapse/events/builder.py
+++ b/synapse/events/builder.py
@@ -17,21 +17,17 @@ import attr
 
 from twisted.internet import defer
 
-from synapse.api.constants import (
+from synapse.api.constants import MAX_DEPTH
+from synapse.api.room_versions import (
     KNOWN_EVENT_FORMAT_VERSIONS,
     KNOWN_ROOM_VERSIONS,
-    MAX_DEPTH,
     EventFormatVersions,
 )
 from synapse.crypto.event_signing import add_hashes_and_signatures
 from synapse.types import EventID
 from synapse.util.stringutils import random_string
 
-from . import (
-    _EventInternalMetadata,
-    event_type_from_format_version,
-    room_version_to_event_format,
-)
+from . import _EventInternalMetadata, event_type_from_format_version
 
 
 @attr.s(slots=True, cmp=False, frozen=True)
@@ -170,21 +166,34 @@ class EventBuilderFactory(object):
     def new(self, room_version, key_values):
         """Generate an event builder appropriate for the given room version
 
+        Deprecated: use for_room_version with a RoomVersion object instead
+
         Args:
-            room_version (str): Version of the room that we're creating an
-                event builder for
+            room_version (str): Version of the room that we're creating an event builder
+                for
             key_values (dict): Fields used as the basis of the new event
 
         Returns:
             EventBuilder
         """
-
-        # There's currently only the one event version defined
-        if room_version not in KNOWN_ROOM_VERSIONS:
+        v = KNOWN_ROOM_VERSIONS.get(room_version)
+        if not v:
             raise Exception(
                 "No event format defined for version %r" % (room_version,)
             )
+        return self.for_room_version(v, key_values)
 
+    def for_room_version(self, room_version, key_values):
+        """Generate an event builder appropriate for the given room version
+
+        Args:
+            room_version (synapse.api.room_versions.RoomVersion):
+                Version of the room that we're creating an event builder for
+            key_values (dict): Fields used as the basis of the new event
+
+        Returns:
+            EventBuilder
+        """
         return EventBuilder(
             store=self.store,
             state=self.state,
@@ -192,7 +201,7 @@ class EventBuilderFactory(object):
             clock=self.clock,
             hostname=self.hostname,
             signing_key=self.signing_key,
-            format_version=room_version_to_event_format(room_version),
+            format_version=room_version.event_format,
             type=key_values["type"],
             state_key=key_values.get("state_key"),
             room_id=key_values["room_id"],
@@ -222,7 +231,6 @@ def create_local_event_from_event_dict(clock, hostname, signing_key,
         FrozenEvent
     """
 
-    # There's currently only the one event version defined
     if format_version not in KNOWN_EVENT_FORMAT_VERSIONS:
         raise Exception(
             "No event format defined for version %r" % (format_version,)
diff --git a/synapse/events/validator.py b/synapse/events/validator.py
index a072674b02..514273c792 100644
--- a/synapse/events/validator.py
+++ b/synapse/events/validator.py
@@ -15,8 +15,9 @@
 
 from six import string_types
 
-from synapse.api.constants import EventFormatVersions, EventTypes, Membership
+from synapse.api.constants import EventTypes, Membership
 from synapse.api.errors import SynapseError
+from synapse.api.room_versions import EventFormatVersions
 from synapse.types import EventID, RoomID, UserID
 
 
diff --git a/synapse/federation/federation_base.py b/synapse/federation/federation_base.py
index a7a2ec4523..dfe6b4aa5c 100644
--- a/synapse/federation/federation_base.py
+++ b/synapse/federation/federation_base.py
@@ -20,8 +20,9 @@ import six
 from twisted.internet import defer
 from twisted.internet.defer import DeferredList
 
-from synapse.api.constants import MAX_DEPTH, EventTypes, Membership, RoomVersions
+from synapse.api.constants import MAX_DEPTH, EventTypes, Membership
 from synapse.api.errors import Codes, SynapseError
+from synapse.api.room_versions import KNOWN_ROOM_VERSIONS, EventFormatVersions
 from synapse.crypto.event_signing import check_event_content_hash
 from synapse.events import event_type_from_format_version
 from synapse.events.utils import prune_event
@@ -274,9 +275,12 @@ def _check_sigs_on_pdus(keyring, room_version, pdus):
     # now let's look for events where the sender's domain is different to the
     # event id's domain (normally only the case for joins/leaves), and add additional
     # checks. Only do this if the room version has a concept of event ID domain
-    if room_version in (
-        RoomVersions.V1, RoomVersions.V2, RoomVersions.STATE_V2_TEST,
-    ):
+    # (ie, the room version uses old-style non-hash event IDs).
+    v = KNOWN_ROOM_VERSIONS.get(room_version)
+    if not v:
+        raise RuntimeError("Unrecognized room version %s" % (room_version,))
+
+    if v.event_format == EventFormatVersions.V1:
         pdus_to_check_event_id = [
             p for p in pdus_to_check
             if p.sender_domain != get_domain_from_id(p.pdu.event_id)
@@ -289,10 +293,6 @@ def _check_sigs_on_pdus(keyring, room_version, pdus):
 
         for p, d in zip(pdus_to_check_event_id, more_deferreds):
             p.deferreds.append(d)
-    elif room_version in (RoomVersions.V3,):
-        pass  # No further checks needed, as event IDs are hashes here
-    else:
-        raise RuntimeError("Unrecognized room version %s" % (room_version,))
 
     # replace lists of deferreds with single Deferreds
     return [_flatten_deferred_list(p.deferreds) for p in pdus_to_check]
diff --git a/synapse/federation/federation_client.py b/synapse/federation/federation_client.py
index 58e04d81ab..f3fc897a0a 100644
--- a/synapse/federation/federation_client.py
+++ b/synapse/federation/federation_client.py
@@ -25,12 +25,7 @@ from prometheus_client import Counter
 
 from twisted.internet import defer
 
-from synapse.api.constants import (
-    KNOWN_ROOM_VERSIONS,
-    EventTypes,
-    Membership,
-    RoomVersions,
-)
+from synapse.api.constants import EventTypes, Membership
 from synapse.api.errors import (
     CodeMessageException,
     Codes,
@@ -38,6 +33,11 @@ from synapse.api.errors import (
     HttpResponseException,
     SynapseError,
 )
+from synapse.api.room_versions import (
+    KNOWN_ROOM_VERSIONS,
+    EventFormatVersions,
+    RoomVersions,
+)
 from synapse.events import builder, room_version_to_event_format
 from synapse.federation.federation_base import FederationBase, event_from_pdu_json
 from synapse.util import logcontext, unwrapFirstError
@@ -570,7 +570,7 @@ class FederationClient(FederationBase):
             Deferred[tuple[str, FrozenEvent, int]]: resolves to a tuple of
             `(origin, event, event_format)` where origin is the remote
             homeserver which generated the event, and event_format is one of
-            `synapse.api.constants.EventFormatVersions`.
+            `synapse.api.room_versions.EventFormatVersions`.
 
             Fails with a ``SynapseError`` if the chosen remote server
             returns a 300/400 code.
@@ -592,7 +592,7 @@ class FederationClient(FederationBase):
 
             # Note: If not supplied, the room version may be either v1 or v2,
             # however either way the event format version will be v1.
-            room_version = ret.get("room_version", RoomVersions.V1)
+            room_version = ret.get("room_version", RoomVersions.V1.identifier)
             event_format = room_version_to_event_format(room_version)
 
             pdu_dict = ret.get("event", None)
@@ -695,7 +695,9 @@ class FederationClient(FederationBase):
             room_version = None
             for e in state:
                 if (e.type, e.state_key) == (EventTypes.Create, ""):
-                    room_version = e.content.get("room_version", RoomVersions.V1)
+                    room_version = e.content.get(
+                        "room_version", RoomVersions.V1.identifier
+                    )
                     break
 
             if room_version is None:
@@ -802,11 +804,10 @@ class FederationClient(FederationBase):
                     raise err
 
                 # Otherwise, we assume that the remote server doesn't understand
-                # the v2 invite API.
-
-                if room_version in (RoomVersions.V1, RoomVersions.V2):
-                    pass  # We'll fall through
-                else:
+                # the v2 invite API. That's ok provided the room uses old-style event
+                # IDs.
+                v = KNOWN_ROOM_VERSIONS.get(room_version)
+                if v.event_format != EventFormatVersions.V1:
                     raise SynapseError(
                         400,
                         "User's homeserver does not support this room version",
diff --git a/synapse/federation/federation_server.py b/synapse/federation/federation_server.py
index 81f3b4b1ff..df60828dba 100644
--- a/synapse/federation/federation_server.py
+++ b/synapse/federation/federation_server.py
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ from twisted.internet import defer
 from twisted.internet.abstract import isIPAddress
 from twisted.python import failure
 
-from synapse.api.constants import KNOWN_ROOM_VERSIONS, EventTypes, Membership
+from synapse.api.constants import EventTypes, Membership
 from synapse.api.errors import (
     AuthError,
     Codes,
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ from synapse.api.errors import (
     NotFoundError,
     SynapseError,
 )
+from synapse.api.room_versions import KNOWN_ROOM_VERSIONS
 from synapse.crypto.event_signing import compute_event_signature
 from synapse.events import room_version_to_event_format
 from synapse.federation.federation_base import FederationBase, event_from_pdu_json
diff --git a/synapse/federation/transport/server.py b/synapse/federation/transport/server.py
index efb6bdca48..452599e1a1 100644
--- a/synapse/federation/transport/server.py
+++ b/synapse/federation/transport/server.py
@@ -21,8 +21,8 @@ import re
 from twisted.internet import defer
 
 import synapse
-from synapse.api.constants import RoomVersions
 from synapse.api.errors import Codes, FederationDeniedError, SynapseError
+from synapse.api.room_versions import RoomVersions
 from synapse.api.urls import FEDERATION_V1_PREFIX, FEDERATION_V2_PREFIX
 from synapse.http.endpoint import parse_and_validate_server_name
 from synapse.http.server import JsonResource
@@ -513,7 +513,7 @@ class FederationV1InviteServlet(BaseFederationServlet):
         # state resolution algorithm, and we don't use that for processing
         # invites
         content = yield self.handler.on_invite_request(
-            origin, content, room_version=RoomVersions.V1,
+            origin, content, room_version=RoomVersions.V1.identifier,
         )
 
         # V1 federation API is defined to return a content of `[200, {...}]`
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/federation.py b/synapse/handlers/federation.py
index 9eaf2d3e18..0684778882 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/federation.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/federation.py
@@ -29,13 +29,7 @@ from unpaddedbase64 import decode_base64
 
 from twisted.internet import defer
 
-from synapse.api.constants import (
-    KNOWN_ROOM_VERSIONS,
-    EventTypes,
-    Membership,
-    RejectedReason,
-    RoomVersions,
-)
+from synapse.api.constants import EventTypes, Membership, RejectedReason
 from synapse.api.errors import (
     AuthError,
     CodeMessageException,
@@ -44,6 +38,7 @@ from synapse.api.errors import (
     StoreError,
     SynapseError,
 )
+from synapse.api.room_versions import KNOWN_ROOM_VERSIONS, RoomVersions
 from synapse.crypto.event_signing import compute_event_signature
 from synapse.event_auth import auth_types_for_event
 from synapse.events.validator import EventValidator
@@ -1733,7 +1728,9 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
             # invalid, and it would fail auth checks anyway.
             raise SynapseError(400, "No create event in state")
 
-        room_version = create_event.content.get("room_version", RoomVersions.V1)
+        room_version = create_event.content.get(
+            "room_version", RoomVersions.V1.identifier,
+        )
 
         missing_auth_events = set()
         for e in itertools.chain(auth_events, state, [event]):
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/message.py b/synapse/handlers/message.py
index 9b41c7b205..8bc7a7678a 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/message.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/message.py
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ from canonicaljson import encode_canonical_json, json
 from twisted.internet import defer
 from twisted.internet.defer import succeed
 
-from synapse.api.constants import EventTypes, Membership, RoomVersions
+from synapse.api.constants import EventTypes, Membership
 from synapse.api.errors import (
     AuthError,
     Codes,
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ from synapse.api.errors import (
     NotFoundError,
     SynapseError,
 )
+from synapse.api.room_versions import RoomVersions
 from synapse.api.urls import ConsentURIBuilder
 from synapse.events.utils import serialize_event
 from synapse.events.validator import EventValidator
@@ -603,7 +604,9 @@ class EventCreationHandler(object):
         """
 
         if event.is_state() and (event.type, event.state_key) == (EventTypes.Create, ""):
-            room_version = event.content.get("room_version", RoomVersions.V1)
+            room_version = event.content.get(
+                "room_version", RoomVersions.V1.identifier
+            )
         else:
             room_version = yield self.store.get_room_version(event.room_id)
 
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/room.py b/synapse/handlers/room.py
index 67b15697fd..17628e2684 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/room.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/room.py
@@ -25,14 +25,9 @@ from six import iteritems, string_types
 
 from twisted.internet import defer
 
-from synapse.api.constants import (
-    DEFAULT_ROOM_VERSION,
-    KNOWN_ROOM_VERSIONS,
-    EventTypes,
-    JoinRules,
-    RoomCreationPreset,
-)
+from synapse.api.constants import EventTypes, JoinRules, RoomCreationPreset
 from synapse.api.errors import AuthError, Codes, NotFoundError, StoreError, SynapseError
+from synapse.api.room_versions import DEFAULT_ROOM_VERSION, KNOWN_ROOM_VERSIONS
 from synapse.storage.state import StateFilter
 from synapse.types import RoomAlias, RoomID, RoomStreamToken, StreamToken, UserID
 from synapse.util import stringutils
@@ -285,6 +280,7 @@ class RoomCreationHandler(BaseHandler):
             (EventTypes.RoomAvatar, ""),
             (EventTypes.Encryption, ""),
             (EventTypes.ServerACL, ""),
+            (EventTypes.RelatedGroups, ""),
         )
 
         old_room_state_ids = yield self.store.get_filtered_current_state_ids(
@@ -479,7 +475,7 @@ class RoomCreationHandler(BaseHandler):
         if ratelimit:
             yield self.ratelimit(requester)
 
-        room_version = config.get("room_version", DEFAULT_ROOM_VERSION)
+        room_version = config.get("room_version", DEFAULT_ROOM_VERSION.identifier)
         if not isinstance(room_version, string_types):
             raise SynapseError(
                 400,
diff --git a/synapse/push/emailpusher.py b/synapse/push/emailpusher.py
index 50e1007d84..e8ee67401f 100644
--- a/synapse/push/emailpusher.py
+++ b/synapse/push/emailpusher.py
@@ -72,8 +72,15 @@ class EmailPusher(object):
 
         self._is_processing = False
 
-    def on_started(self):
-        if self.mailer is not None:
+    def on_started(self, should_check_for_notifs):
+        """Called when this pusher has been started.
+
+        Args:
+            should_check_for_notifs (bool): Whether we should immediately
+                check for push to send. Set to False only if it's known there
+                is nothing to send
+        """
+        if should_check_for_notifs and self.mailer is not None:
             self._start_processing()
 
     def on_stop(self):
diff --git a/synapse/push/httppusher.py b/synapse/push/httppusher.py
index e65f8c63d3..fac05aa44c 100644
--- a/synapse/push/httppusher.py
+++ b/synapse/push/httppusher.py
@@ -112,8 +112,16 @@ class HttpPusher(object):
         self.data_minus_url.update(self.data)
         del self.data_minus_url['url']
 
-    def on_started(self):
-        self._start_processing()
+    def on_started(self, should_check_for_notifs):
+        """Called when this pusher has been started.
+
+        Args:
+            should_check_for_notifs (bool): Whether we should immediately
+                check for push to send. Set to False only if it's known there
+                is nothing to send
+        """
+        if should_check_for_notifs:
+            self._start_processing()
 
     def on_new_notifications(self, min_stream_ordering, max_stream_ordering):
         self.max_stream_ordering = max(max_stream_ordering, self.max_stream_ordering or 0)
diff --git a/synapse/push/pusherpool.py b/synapse/push/pusherpool.py
index abf1a1a9c1..40a7709c09 100644
--- a/synapse/push/pusherpool.py
+++ b/synapse/push/pusherpool.py
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ from twisted.internet import defer
 from synapse.metrics.background_process_metrics import run_as_background_process
 from synapse.push import PusherConfigException
 from synapse.push.pusher import PusherFactory
+from synapse.util.async_helpers import concurrently_execute
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
@@ -197,7 +198,7 @@ class PusherPool:
                 p = r
 
         if p:
-            self._start_pusher(p)
+            yield self._start_pusher(p)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _start_pushers(self):
@@ -208,10 +209,14 @@ class PusherPool:
         """
         pushers = yield self.store.get_all_pushers()
         logger.info("Starting %d pushers", len(pushers))
-        for pusherdict in pushers:
-            self._start_pusher(pusherdict)
+
+        # Stagger starting up the pushers so we don't completely drown the
+        # process on start up.
+        yield concurrently_execute(self._start_pusher, pushers, 10)
+
         logger.info("Started pushers")
 
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _start_pusher(self, pusherdict):
         """Start the given pusher
 
@@ -248,7 +253,22 @@ class PusherPool:
         if appid_pushkey in byuser:
             byuser[appid_pushkey].on_stop()
         byuser[appid_pushkey] = p
-        p.on_started()
+
+        # Check if there *may* be push to process. We do this as this check is a
+        # lot cheaper to do than actually fetching the exact rows we need to
+        # push.
+        user_id = pusherdict["user_name"]
+        last_stream_ordering = pusherdict["last_stream_ordering"]
+        if last_stream_ordering:
+            have_notifs = yield self.store.get_if_maybe_push_in_range_for_user(
+                user_id, last_stream_ordering,
+            )
+        else:
+            # We always want to default to starting up the pusher rather than
+            # risk missing push.
+            have_notifs = True
+
+        p.on_started(have_notifs)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def remove_pusher(self, app_id, pushkey, user_id):
diff --git a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/events.py b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/events.py
index c57385d92f..b457c5563f 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/events.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/events.py
@@ -16,7 +16,10 @@
 import logging
 
 from synapse.api.constants import EventTypes
-from synapse.replication.tcp.streams.events import EventsStreamEventRow
+from synapse.replication.tcp.streams.events import (
+    EventsStreamCurrentStateRow,
+    EventsStreamEventRow,
+)
 from synapse.storage.event_federation import EventFederationWorkerStore
 from synapse.storage.event_push_actions import EventPushActionsWorkerStore
 from synapse.storage.events_worker import EventsWorkerStore
@@ -80,14 +83,7 @@ class SlavedEventStore(EventFederationWorkerStore,
         if stream_name == "events":
             self._stream_id_gen.advance(token)
             for row in rows:
-                if row.type != EventsStreamEventRow.TypeId:
-                    continue
-                data = row.data
-                self.invalidate_caches_for_event(
-                    token, data.event_id, data.room_id, data.type, data.state_key,
-                    data.redacts,
-                    backfilled=False,
-                )
+                self._process_event_stream_row(token, row)
         elif stream_name == "backfill":
             self._backfill_id_gen.advance(-token)
             for row in rows:
@@ -100,6 +96,23 @@ class SlavedEventStore(EventFederationWorkerStore,
             stream_name, token, rows
         )
 
+    def _process_event_stream_row(self, token, row):
+        data = row.data
+
+        if row.type == EventsStreamEventRow.TypeId:
+            self.invalidate_caches_for_event(
+                token, data.event_id, data.room_id, data.type, data.state_key,
+                data.redacts,
+                backfilled=False,
+            )
+        elif row.type == EventsStreamCurrentStateRow.TypeId:
+            if data.type == EventTypes.Member:
+                self.get_rooms_for_user_with_stream_ordering.invalidate(
+                    (data.state_key, ),
+                )
+        else:
+            raise Exception("Unknown events stream row type %s" % (row.type, ))
+
     def invalidate_caches_for_event(self, stream_ordering, event_id, room_id,
                                     etype, state_key, redacts, backfilled):
         self._invalidate_get_event_cache(event_id)
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/capabilities.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/capabilities.py
index 373f95126e..a868d06098 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/capabilities.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/capabilities.py
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ import logging
 
 from twisted.internet import defer
 
-from synapse.api.constants import DEFAULT_ROOM_VERSION, RoomDisposition, RoomVersions
+from synapse.api.room_versions import DEFAULT_ROOM_VERSION, KNOWN_ROOM_VERSIONS
 from synapse.http.servlet import RestServlet
 
 from ._base import client_v2_patterns
@@ -48,12 +48,10 @@ class CapabilitiesRestServlet(RestServlet):
         response = {
             "capabilities": {
                 "m.room_versions": {
-                    "default": DEFAULT_ROOM_VERSION,
+                    "default": DEFAULT_ROOM_VERSION.identifier,
                     "available": {
-                        RoomVersions.V1: RoomDisposition.STABLE,
-                        RoomVersions.V2: RoomDisposition.STABLE,
-                        RoomVersions.STATE_V2_TEST: RoomDisposition.UNSTABLE,
-                        RoomVersions.V3: RoomDisposition.STABLE,
+                        v.identifier: v.disposition
+                        for v in KNOWN_ROOM_VERSIONS.values()
                     },
                 },
                 "m.change_password": {"enabled": change_password},
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/room_upgrade_rest_servlet.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/room_upgrade_rest_servlet.py
index e6356101fd..3db7ff8d1b 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/room_upgrade_rest_servlet.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/room_upgrade_rest_servlet.py
@@ -17,8 +17,8 @@ import logging
 
 from twisted.internet import defer
 
-from synapse.api.constants import KNOWN_ROOM_VERSIONS
 from synapse.api.errors import Codes, SynapseError
+from synapse.api.room_versions import KNOWN_ROOM_VERSIONS
 from synapse.http.servlet import (
     RestServlet,
     assert_params_in_dict,
diff --git a/synapse/state/__init__.py b/synapse/state/__init__.py
index 68058f613c..52347fee34 100644
--- a/synapse/state/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/state/__init__.py
@@ -24,7 +24,8 @@ from frozendict import frozendict
 
 from twisted.internet import defer
 
-from synapse.api.constants import EventTypes, RoomVersions
+from synapse.api.constants import EventTypes
+from synapse.api.room_versions import KNOWN_ROOM_VERSIONS, StateResolutionVersions
 from synapse.events.snapshot import EventContext
 from synapse.state import v1, v2
 from synapse.util.async_helpers import Linearizer
@@ -603,22 +604,15 @@ def resolve_events_with_store(room_version, state_sets, event_map, state_res_sto
         Deferred[dict[(str, str), str]]:
             a map from (type, state_key) to event_id.
     """
-    if room_version == RoomVersions.V1:
+    v = KNOWN_ROOM_VERSIONS[room_version]
+    if v.state_res == StateResolutionVersions.V1:
         return v1.resolve_events_with_store(
             state_sets, event_map, state_res_store.get_events,
         )
-    elif room_version in (
-        RoomVersions.STATE_V2_TEST, RoomVersions.V2, RoomVersions.V3,
-    ):
+    else:
         return v2.resolve_events_with_store(
             room_version, state_sets, event_map, state_res_store,
         )
-    else:
-        # This should only happen if we added a version but forgot to add it to
-        # the list above.
-        raise Exception(
-            "No state resolution algorithm defined for version %r" % (room_version,)
-        )
 
 
 @attr.s
diff --git a/synapse/state/v1.py b/synapse/state/v1.py
index 6d3afcae7c..29b4e86cfd 100644
--- a/synapse/state/v1.py
+++ b/synapse/state/v1.py
@@ -21,8 +21,9 @@ from six import iteritems, iterkeys, itervalues
 from twisted.internet import defer
 
 from synapse import event_auth
-from synapse.api.constants import EventTypes, RoomVersions
+from synapse.api.constants import EventTypes
 from synapse.api.errors import AuthError
+from synapse.api.room_versions import RoomVersions
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
@@ -275,7 +276,9 @@ def _resolve_auth_events(events, auth_events):
         try:
             # The signatures have already been checked at this point
             event_auth.check(
-                RoomVersions.V1, event, auth_events,
+                RoomVersions.V1.identifier,
+                event,
+                auth_events,
                 do_sig_check=False,
                 do_size_check=False,
             )
@@ -291,7 +294,9 @@ def _resolve_normal_events(events, auth_events):
         try:
             # The signatures have already been checked at this point
             event_auth.check(
-                RoomVersions.V1, event, auth_events,
+                RoomVersions.V1.identifier,
+                event,
+                auth_events,
                 do_sig_check=False,
                 do_size_check=False,
             )
diff --git a/synapse/storage/__init__.py b/synapse/storage/__init__.py
index 42cd3c83ad..e9aa2fc9dd 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/__init__.py
@@ -61,48 +61,60 @@ from .util.id_generators import ChainedIdGenerator, IdGenerator, StreamIdGenerat
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
-class DataStore(RoomMemberStore, RoomStore,
-                RegistrationStore, StreamStore, ProfileStore,
-                PresenceStore, TransactionStore,
-                DirectoryStore, KeyStore, StateStore, SignatureStore,
-                ApplicationServiceStore,
-                EventsStore,
-                EventFederationStore,
-                MediaRepositoryStore,
-                RejectionsStore,
-                FilteringStore,
-                PusherStore,
-                PushRuleStore,
-                ApplicationServiceTransactionStore,
-                ReceiptsStore,
-                EndToEndKeyStore,
-                EndToEndRoomKeyStore,
-                SearchStore,
-                TagsStore,
-                AccountDataStore,
-                EventPushActionsStore,
-                OpenIdStore,
-                ClientIpStore,
-                DeviceStore,
-                DeviceInboxStore,
-                UserDirectoryStore,
-                GroupServerStore,
-                UserErasureStore,
-                MonthlyActiveUsersStore,
-                ):
-
+class DataStore(
+    RoomMemberStore,
+    RoomStore,
+    RegistrationStore,
+    StreamStore,
+    ProfileStore,
+    PresenceStore,
+    TransactionStore,
+    DirectoryStore,
+    KeyStore,
+    StateStore,
+    SignatureStore,
+    ApplicationServiceStore,
+    EventsStore,
+    EventFederationStore,
+    MediaRepositoryStore,
+    RejectionsStore,
+    FilteringStore,
+    PusherStore,
+    PushRuleStore,
+    ApplicationServiceTransactionStore,
+    ReceiptsStore,
+    EndToEndKeyStore,
+    EndToEndRoomKeyStore,
+    SearchStore,
+    TagsStore,
+    AccountDataStore,
+    EventPushActionsStore,
+    OpenIdStore,
+    ClientIpStore,
+    DeviceStore,
+    DeviceInboxStore,
+    UserDirectoryStore,
+    GroupServerStore,
+    UserErasureStore,
+    MonthlyActiveUsersStore,
+):
     def __init__(self, db_conn, hs):
         self.hs = hs
         self._clock = hs.get_clock()
         self.database_engine = hs.database_engine
 
         self._stream_id_gen = StreamIdGenerator(
-            db_conn, "events", "stream_ordering",
-            extra_tables=[("local_invites", "stream_id")]
+            db_conn,
+            "events",
+            "stream_ordering",
+            extra_tables=[("local_invites", "stream_id")],
         )
         self._backfill_id_gen = StreamIdGenerator(
-            db_conn, "events", "stream_ordering", step=-1,
-            extra_tables=[("ex_outlier_stream", "event_stream_ordering")]
+            db_conn,
+            "events",
+            "stream_ordering",
+            step=-1,
+            extra_tables=[("ex_outlier_stream", "event_stream_ordering")],
         )
         self._presence_id_gen = StreamIdGenerator(
             db_conn, "presence_stream", "stream_id"
@@ -114,7 +126,7 @@ class DataStore(RoomMemberStore, RoomStore,
             db_conn, "public_room_list_stream", "stream_id"
         )
         self._device_list_id_gen = StreamIdGenerator(
-            db_conn, "device_lists_stream", "stream_id",
+            db_conn, "device_lists_stream", "stream_id"
         )
 
         self._access_tokens_id_gen = IdGenerator(db_conn, "access_tokens", "id")
@@ -125,16 +137,15 @@ class DataStore(RoomMemberStore, RoomStore,
             self._stream_id_gen, db_conn, "push_rules_stream", "stream_id"
         )
         self._pushers_id_gen = StreamIdGenerator(
-            db_conn, "pushers", "id",
-            extra_tables=[("deleted_pushers", "stream_id")],
+            db_conn, "pushers", "id", extra_tables=[("deleted_pushers", "stream_id")]
         )
         self._group_updates_id_gen = StreamIdGenerator(
-            db_conn, "local_group_updates", "stream_id",
+            db_conn, "local_group_updates", "stream_id"
         )
 
         if isinstance(self.database_engine, PostgresEngine):
             self._cache_id_gen = StreamIdGenerator(
-                db_conn, "cache_invalidation_stream", "stream_id",
+                db_conn, "cache_invalidation_stream", "stream_id"
             )
         else:
             self._cache_id_gen = None
@@ -142,72 +153,82 @@ class DataStore(RoomMemberStore, RoomStore,
         self._presence_on_startup = self._get_active_presence(db_conn)
 
         presence_cache_prefill, min_presence_val = self._get_cache_dict(
-            db_conn, "presence_stream",
+            db_conn,
+            "presence_stream",
             entity_column="user_id",
             stream_column="stream_id",
             max_value=self._presence_id_gen.get_current_token(),
         )
         self.presence_stream_cache = StreamChangeCache(
-            "PresenceStreamChangeCache", min_presence_val,
-            prefilled_cache=presence_cache_prefill
+            "PresenceStreamChangeCache",
+            min_presence_val,
+            prefilled_cache=presence_cache_prefill,
         )
 
         max_device_inbox_id = self._device_inbox_id_gen.get_current_token()
         device_inbox_prefill, min_device_inbox_id = self._get_cache_dict(
-            db_conn, "device_inbox",
+            db_conn,
+            "device_inbox",
             entity_column="user_id",
             stream_column="stream_id",
             max_value=max_device_inbox_id,
             limit=1000,
         )
         self._device_inbox_stream_cache = StreamChangeCache(
-            "DeviceInboxStreamChangeCache", min_device_inbox_id,
+            "DeviceInboxStreamChangeCache",
+            min_device_inbox_id,
             prefilled_cache=device_inbox_prefill,
         )
         # The federation outbox and the local device inbox uses the same
         # stream_id generator.
         device_outbox_prefill, min_device_outbox_id = self._get_cache_dict(
-            db_conn, "device_federation_outbox",
+            db_conn,
+            "device_federation_outbox",
             entity_column="destination",
             stream_column="stream_id",
             max_value=max_device_inbox_id,
             limit=1000,
         )
         self._device_federation_outbox_stream_cache = StreamChangeCache(
-            "DeviceFederationOutboxStreamChangeCache", min_device_outbox_id,
+            "DeviceFederationOutboxStreamChangeCache",
+            min_device_outbox_id,
             prefilled_cache=device_outbox_prefill,
         )
 
         device_list_max = self._device_list_id_gen.get_current_token()
         self._device_list_stream_cache = StreamChangeCache(
-            "DeviceListStreamChangeCache", device_list_max,
+            "DeviceListStreamChangeCache", device_list_max
         )
         self._device_list_federation_stream_cache = StreamChangeCache(
-            "DeviceListFederationStreamChangeCache", device_list_max,
+            "DeviceListFederationStreamChangeCache", device_list_max
         )
 
         events_max = self._stream_id_gen.get_current_token()
         curr_state_delta_prefill, min_curr_state_delta_id = self._get_cache_dict(
-            db_conn, "current_state_delta_stream",
+            db_conn,
+            "current_state_delta_stream",
             entity_column="room_id",
             stream_column="stream_id",
             max_value=events_max,  # As we share the stream id with events token
             limit=1000,
         )
         self._curr_state_delta_stream_cache = StreamChangeCache(
-            "_curr_state_delta_stream_cache", min_curr_state_delta_id,
+            "_curr_state_delta_stream_cache",
+            min_curr_state_delta_id,
             prefilled_cache=curr_state_delta_prefill,
         )
 
         _group_updates_prefill, min_group_updates_id = self._get_cache_dict(
-            db_conn, "local_group_updates",
+            db_conn,
+            "local_group_updates",
             entity_column="user_id",
             stream_column="stream_id",
             max_value=self._group_updates_id_gen.get_current_token(),
             limit=1000,
         )
         self._group_updates_stream_cache = StreamChangeCache(
-            "_group_updates_stream_cache", min_group_updates_id,
+            "_group_updates_stream_cache",
+            min_group_updates_id,
             prefilled_cache=_group_updates_prefill,
         )
 
@@ -250,6 +271,7 @@ class DataStore(RoomMemberStore, RoomStore,
         """
         Counts the number of users who used this homeserver in the last 24 hours.
         """
+
         def _count_users(txn):
             yesterday = int(self._clock.time_msec()) - (1000 * 60 * 60 * 24)
 
@@ -277,6 +299,7 @@ class DataStore(RoomMemberStore, RoomStore,
          Returns counts globaly for a given user as well as breaking
          by platform
         """
+
         def _count_r30_users(txn):
             thirty_days_in_secs = 86400 * 30
             now = int(self._clock.time())
@@ -313,8 +336,7 @@ class DataStore(RoomMemberStore, RoomStore,
             """
 
             results = {}
-            txn.execute(sql, (thirty_days_ago_in_secs,
-                              thirty_days_ago_in_secs))
+            txn.execute(sql, (thirty_days_ago_in_secs, thirty_days_ago_in_secs))
 
             for row in txn:
                 if row[0] == 'unknown':
@@ -341,8 +363,7 @@ class DataStore(RoomMemberStore, RoomStore,
                 ) u
             """
 
-            txn.execute(sql, (thirty_days_ago_in_secs,
-                              thirty_days_ago_in_secs))
+            txn.execute(sql, (thirty_days_ago_in_secs, thirty_days_ago_in_secs))
 
             count, = txn.fetchone()
             results['all'] = count
@@ -356,15 +377,14 @@ class DataStore(RoomMemberStore, RoomStore,
         Returns millisecond unixtime for start of UTC day.
         """
         now = time.gmtime()
-        today_start = calendar.timegm((
-            now.tm_year, now.tm_mon, now.tm_mday, 0, 0, 0,
-        ))
+        today_start = calendar.timegm((now.tm_year, now.tm_mon, now.tm_mday, 0, 0, 0))
         return today_start * 1000
 
     def generate_user_daily_visits(self):
         """
         Generates daily visit data for use in cohort/ retention analysis
         """
+
         def _generate_user_daily_visits(txn):
             logger.info("Calling _generate_user_daily_visits")
             today_start = self._get_start_of_day()
@@ -395,25 +415,29 @@ class DataStore(RoomMemberStore, RoomStore,
             # often to minimise this case.
             if today_start > self._last_user_visit_update:
                 yesterday_start = today_start - a_day_in_milliseconds
-                txn.execute(sql, (
-                    yesterday_start, yesterday_start,
-                    self._last_user_visit_update, today_start
-                ))
+                txn.execute(
+                    sql,
+                    (
+                        yesterday_start,
+                        yesterday_start,
+                        self._last_user_visit_update,
+                        today_start,
+                    ),
+                )
                 self._last_user_visit_update = today_start
 
-            txn.execute(sql, (
-                today_start, today_start,
-                self._last_user_visit_update,
-                now
-            ))
+            txn.execute(
+                sql, (today_start, today_start, self._last_user_visit_update, now)
+            )
             # Update _last_user_visit_update to now. The reason to do this
             # rather just clamping to the beginning of the day is to limit
             # the size of the join - meaning that the query can be run more
             # frequently
             self._last_user_visit_update = now
 
-        return self.runInteraction("generate_user_daily_visits",
-                                   _generate_user_daily_visits)
+        return self.runInteraction(
+            "generate_user_daily_visits", _generate_user_daily_visits
+        )
 
     def get_users(self):
         """Function to reterive a list of users in users table.
@@ -425,12 +449,7 @@ class DataStore(RoomMemberStore, RoomStore,
         return self._simple_select_list(
             table="users",
             keyvalues={},
-            retcols=[
-                "name",
-                "password_hash",
-                "is_guest",
-                "admin"
-            ],
+            retcols=["name", "password_hash", "is_guest", "admin"],
             desc="get_users",
         )
 
@@ -451,20 +470,9 @@ class DataStore(RoomMemberStore, RoomStore,
         i_limit = (int)(limit)
         return self.get_user_list_paginate(
             table="users",
-            keyvalues={
-                "is_guest": is_guest
-            },
-            pagevalues=[
-                order,
-                i_limit,
-                i_start
-            ],
-            retcols=[
-                "name",
-                "password_hash",
-                "is_guest",
-                "admin"
-            ],
+            keyvalues={"is_guest": is_guest},
+            pagevalues=[order, i_limit, i_start],
+            retcols=["name", "password_hash", "is_guest", "admin"],
             desc="get_users_paginate",
         )
 
@@ -482,12 +490,7 @@ class DataStore(RoomMemberStore, RoomStore,
             table="users",
             term=term,
             col="name",
-            retcols=[
-                "name",
-                "password_hash",
-                "is_guest",
-                "admin"
-            ],
+            retcols=["name", "password_hash", "is_guest", "admin"],
             desc="search_users",
         )
 
diff --git a/synapse/storage/_base.py b/synapse/storage/_base.py
index 7e3903859b..131820628a 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/_base.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/_base.py
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ try:
     MAX_TXN_ID = sys.maxint - 1
 except AttributeError:
     # python 3 does not have a maximum int value
-    MAX_TXN_ID = 2**63 - 1
+    MAX_TXN_ID = 2 ** 63 - 1
 
 sql_logger = logging.getLogger("synapse.storage.SQL")
 transaction_logger = logging.getLogger("synapse.storage.txn")
@@ -76,12 +76,18 @@ class LoggingTransaction(object):
     """An object that almost-transparently proxies for the 'txn' object
     passed to the constructor. Adds logging and metrics to the .execute()
     method."""
+
     __slots__ = [
-        "txn", "name", "database_engine", "after_callbacks", "exception_callbacks",
+        "txn",
+        "name",
+        "database_engine",
+        "after_callbacks",
+        "exception_callbacks",
     ]
 
-    def __init__(self, txn, name, database_engine, after_callbacks,
-                 exception_callbacks):
+    def __init__(
+        self, txn, name, database_engine, after_callbacks, exception_callbacks
+    ):
         object.__setattr__(self, "txn", txn)
         object.__setattr__(self, "name", name)
         object.__setattr__(self, "database_engine", database_engine)
@@ -110,6 +116,7 @@ class LoggingTransaction(object):
     def execute_batch(self, sql, args):
         if isinstance(self.database_engine, PostgresEngine):
             from psycopg2.extras import execute_batch
+
             self._do_execute(lambda *x: execute_batch(self.txn, *x), sql, args)
         else:
             for val in args:
@@ -134,10 +141,7 @@ class LoggingTransaction(object):
         sql = self.database_engine.convert_param_style(sql)
         if args:
             try:
-                sql_logger.debug(
-                    "[SQL values] {%s} %r",
-                    self.name, args[0]
-                )
+                sql_logger.debug("[SQL values] {%s} %r", self.name, args[0])
             except Exception:
                 # Don't let logging failures stop SQL from working
                 pass
@@ -145,9 +149,7 @@ class LoggingTransaction(object):
         start = time.time()
 
         try:
-            return func(
-                sql, *args
-            )
+            return func(sql, *args)
         except Exception as e:
             logger.debug("[SQL FAIL] {%s} %s", self.name, e)
             raise
@@ -176,11 +178,9 @@ class PerformanceCounters(object):
         counters = []
         for name, (count, cum_time) in iteritems(self.current_counters):
             prev_count, prev_time = self.previous_counters.get(name, (0, 0))
-            counters.append((
-                (cum_time - prev_time) / interval_duration,
-                count - prev_count,
-                name
-            ))
+            counters.append(
+                ((cum_time - prev_time) / interval_duration, count - prev_count, name)
+            )
 
         self.previous_counters = dict(self.current_counters)
 
@@ -212,8 +212,9 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
         self._txn_perf_counters = PerformanceCounters()
         self._get_event_counters = PerformanceCounters()
 
-        self._get_event_cache = Cache("*getEvent*", keylen=3,
-                                      max_entries=hs.config.event_cache_size)
+        self._get_event_cache = Cache(
+            "*getEvent*", keylen=3, max_entries=hs.config.event_cache_size
+        )
 
         self._event_fetch_lock = threading.Condition()
         self._event_fetch_list = []
@@ -239,7 +240,7 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
                 0.0,
                 run_as_background_process,
                 "upsert_safety_check",
-                self._check_safe_to_upsert
+                self._check_safe_to_upsert,
             )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -271,7 +272,7 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
                 15.0,
                 run_as_background_process,
                 "upsert_safety_check",
-                self._check_safe_to_upsert
+                self._check_safe_to_upsert,
             )
 
     def start_profiling(self):
@@ -298,13 +299,16 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
 
             perf_logger.info(
                 "Total database time: %.3f%% {%s} {%s}",
-                ratio * 100, top_three_counters, top_3_event_counters
+                ratio * 100,
+                top_three_counters,
+                top_3_event_counters,
             )
 
         self._clock.looping_call(loop, 10000)
 
-    def _new_transaction(self, conn, desc, after_callbacks, exception_callbacks,
-                         func, *args, **kwargs):
+    def _new_transaction(
+        self, conn, desc, after_callbacks, exception_callbacks, func, *args, **kwargs
+    ):
         start = time.time()
         txn_id = self._TXN_ID
 
@@ -312,7 +316,7 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
         # growing really large.
         self._TXN_ID = (self._TXN_ID + 1) % (MAX_TXN_ID)
 
-        name = "%s-%x" % (desc, txn_id, )
+        name = "%s-%x" % (desc, txn_id)
 
         transaction_logger.debug("[TXN START] {%s}", name)
 
@@ -323,7 +327,10 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
                 try:
                     txn = conn.cursor()
                     txn = LoggingTransaction(
-                        txn, name, self.database_engine, after_callbacks,
+                        txn,
+                        name,
+                        self.database_engine,
+                        after_callbacks,
                         exception_callbacks,
                     )
                     r = func(txn, *args, **kwargs)
@@ -334,7 +341,10 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
                     # transaction.
                     logger.warning(
                         "[TXN OPERROR] {%s} %s %d/%d",
-                        name, exception_to_unicode(e), i, N
+                        name,
+                        exception_to_unicode(e),
+                        i,
+                        N,
                     )
                     if i < N:
                         i += 1
@@ -342,8 +352,7 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
                             conn.rollback()
                         except self.database_engine.module.Error as e1:
                             logger.warning(
-                                "[TXN EROLL] {%s} %s",
-                                name, exception_to_unicode(e1),
+                                "[TXN EROLL] {%s} %s", name, exception_to_unicode(e1)
                             )
                         continue
                     raise
@@ -357,7 +366,8 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
                             except self.database_engine.module.Error as e1:
                                 logger.warning(
                                     "[TXN EROLL] {%s} %s",
-                                    name, exception_to_unicode(e1),
+                                    name,
+                                    exception_to_unicode(e1),
                                 )
                             continue
                     raise
@@ -396,16 +406,17 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
         exception_callbacks = []
 
         if LoggingContext.current_context() == LoggingContext.sentinel:
-            logger.warn(
-                "Starting db txn '%s' from sentinel context",
-                desc,
-            )
+            logger.warn("Starting db txn '%s' from sentinel context", desc)
 
         try:
             result = yield self.runWithConnection(
                 self._new_transaction,
-                desc, after_callbacks, exception_callbacks, func,
-                *args, **kwargs
+                desc,
+                after_callbacks,
+                exception_callbacks,
+                func,
+                *args,
+                **kwargs
             )
 
             for after_callback, after_args, after_kwargs in after_callbacks:
@@ -434,7 +445,7 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
         parent_context = LoggingContext.current_context()
         if parent_context == LoggingContext.sentinel:
             logger.warn(
-                "Starting db connection from sentinel context: metrics will be lost",
+                "Starting db connection from sentinel context: metrics will be lost"
             )
             parent_context = None
 
@@ -453,9 +464,7 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
                 return func(conn, *args, **kwargs)
 
         with PreserveLoggingContext():
-            result = yield self._db_pool.runWithConnection(
-                inner_func, *args, **kwargs
-            )
+            result = yield self._db_pool.runWithConnection(inner_func, *args, **kwargs)
 
         defer.returnValue(result)
 
@@ -469,9 +478,7 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
             A list of dicts where the key is the column header.
         """
         col_headers = list(intern(str(column[0])) for column in cursor.description)
-        results = list(
-            dict(zip(col_headers, row)) for row in cursor
-        )
+        results = list(dict(zip(col_headers, row)) for row in cursor)
         return results
 
     def _execute(self, desc, decoder, query, *args):
@@ -485,6 +492,7 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
         Returns:
             The result of decoder(results)
         """
+
         def interaction(txn):
             txn.execute(query, args)
             if decoder:
@@ -498,8 +506,7 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
     # no complex WHERE clauses, just a dict of values for columns.
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _simple_insert(self, table, values, or_ignore=False,
-                       desc="_simple_insert"):
+    def _simple_insert(self, table, values, or_ignore=False, desc="_simple_insert"):
         """Executes an INSERT query on the named table.
 
         Args:
@@ -511,10 +518,7 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
             `or_ignore` is True
         """
         try:
-            yield self.runInteraction(
-                desc,
-                self._simple_insert_txn, table, values,
-            )
+            yield self.runInteraction(desc, self._simple_insert_txn, table, values)
         except self.database_engine.module.IntegrityError:
             # We have to do or_ignore flag at this layer, since we can't reuse
             # a cursor after we receive an error from the db.
@@ -530,15 +534,13 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
         sql = "INSERT INTO %s (%s) VALUES(%s)" % (
             table,
             ", ".join(k for k in keys),
-            ", ".join("?" for _ in keys)
+            ", ".join("?" for _ in keys),
         )
 
         txn.execute(sql, vals)
 
     def _simple_insert_many(self, table, values, desc):
-        return self.runInteraction(
-            desc, self._simple_insert_many_txn, table, values
-        )
+        return self.runInteraction(desc, self._simple_insert_many_txn, table, values)
 
     @staticmethod
     def _simple_insert_many_txn(txn, table, values):
@@ -553,24 +555,18 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
         #
         # The sort is to ensure that we don't rely on dictionary iteration
         # order.
-        keys, vals = zip(*[
-            zip(
-                *(sorted(i.items(), key=lambda kv: kv[0]))
-            )
-            for i in values
-            if i
-        ])
+        keys, vals = zip(
+            *[zip(*(sorted(i.items(), key=lambda kv: kv[0]))) for i in values if i]
+        )
 
         for k in keys:
             if k != keys[0]:
-                raise RuntimeError(
-                    "All items must have the same keys"
-                )
+                raise RuntimeError("All items must have the same keys")
 
         sql = "INSERT INTO %s (%s) VALUES(%s)" % (
             table,
             ", ".join(k for k in keys[0]),
-            ", ".join("?" for _ in keys[0])
+            ", ".join("?" for _ in keys[0]),
         )
 
         txn.executemany(sql, vals)
@@ -583,7 +579,7 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
         values,
         insertion_values={},
         desc="_simple_upsert",
-        lock=True
+        lock=True,
     ):
         """
 
@@ -635,13 +631,7 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
                 )
 
     def _simple_upsert_txn(
-        self,
-        txn,
-        table,
-        keyvalues,
-        values,
-        insertion_values={},
-        lock=True,
+        self, txn, table, keyvalues, values, insertion_values={}, lock=True
     ):
         """
         Pick the UPSERT method which works best on the platform. Either the
@@ -665,11 +655,7 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
             and table not in self._unsafe_to_upsert_tables
         ):
             return self._simple_upsert_txn_native_upsert(
-                txn,
-                table,
-                keyvalues,
-                values,
-                insertion_values=insertion_values,
+                txn, table, keyvalues, values, insertion_values=insertion_values
             )
         else:
             return self._simple_upsert_txn_emulated(
@@ -714,7 +700,7 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
             # SELECT instead to see if it exists.
             sql = "SELECT 1 FROM %s WHERE %s" % (
                 table,
-                " AND ".join(_getwhere(k) for k in keyvalues)
+                " AND ".join(_getwhere(k) for k in keyvalues),
             )
             sqlargs = list(keyvalues.values())
             txn.execute(sql, sqlargs)
@@ -726,7 +712,7 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
             sql = "UPDATE %s SET %s WHERE %s" % (
                 table,
                 ", ".join("%s = ?" % (k,) for k in values),
-                " AND ".join(_getwhere(k) for k in keyvalues)
+                " AND ".join(_getwhere(k) for k in keyvalues),
             )
             sqlargs = list(values.values()) + list(keyvalues.values())
 
@@ -773,19 +759,14 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
             latter = "NOTHING"
         else:
             allvalues.update(values)
-            latter = (
-                "UPDATE SET " + ", ".join(k + "=EXCLUDED." + k for k in values)
-            )
+            latter = "UPDATE SET " + ", ".join(k + "=EXCLUDED." + k for k in values)
 
-        sql = (
-            "INSERT INTO %s (%s) VALUES (%s) "
-            "ON CONFLICT (%s) DO %s"
-        ) % (
+        sql = ("INSERT INTO %s (%s) VALUES (%s) " "ON CONFLICT (%s) DO %s") % (
             table,
             ", ".join(k for k in allvalues),
             ", ".join("?" for _ in allvalues),
             ", ".join(k for k in keyvalues),
-            latter
+            latter,
         )
         txn.execute(sql, list(allvalues.values()))
 
@@ -870,8 +851,8 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
             latter = "NOTHING"
             value_values = [() for x in range(len(key_values))]
         else:
-            latter = (
-                "UPDATE SET " + ", ".join(k + "=EXCLUDED." + k for k in value_names)
+            latter = "UPDATE SET " + ", ".join(
+                k + "=EXCLUDED." + k for k in value_names
             )
 
         sql = "INSERT INTO %s (%s) VALUES (%s) ON CONFLICT (%s) DO %s" % (
@@ -889,8 +870,9 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
 
         return txn.execute_batch(sql, args)
 
-    def _simple_select_one(self, table, keyvalues, retcols,
-                           allow_none=False, desc="_simple_select_one"):
+    def _simple_select_one(
+        self, table, keyvalues, retcols, allow_none=False, desc="_simple_select_one"
+    ):
         """Executes a SELECT query on the named table, which is expected to
         return a single row, returning multiple columns from it.
 
@@ -903,14 +885,17 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
               statement returns no rows
         """
         return self.runInteraction(
-            desc,
-            self._simple_select_one_txn,
-            table, keyvalues, retcols, allow_none,
+            desc, self._simple_select_one_txn, table, keyvalues, retcols, allow_none
         )
 
-    def _simple_select_one_onecol(self, table, keyvalues, retcol,
-                                  allow_none=False,
-                                  desc="_simple_select_one_onecol"):
+    def _simple_select_one_onecol(
+        self,
+        table,
+        keyvalues,
+        retcol,
+        allow_none=False,
+        desc="_simple_select_one_onecol",
+    ):
         """Executes a SELECT query on the named table, which is expected to
         return a single row, returning a single column from it.
 
@@ -922,17 +907,18 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
         return self.runInteraction(
             desc,
             self._simple_select_one_onecol_txn,
-            table, keyvalues, retcol, allow_none=allow_none,
+            table,
+            keyvalues,
+            retcol,
+            allow_none=allow_none,
         )
 
     @classmethod
-    def _simple_select_one_onecol_txn(cls, txn, table, keyvalues, retcol,
-                                      allow_none=False):
+    def _simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
+        cls, txn, table, keyvalues, retcol, allow_none=False
+    ):
         ret = cls._simple_select_onecol_txn(
-            txn,
-            table=table,
-            keyvalues=keyvalues,
-            retcol=retcol,
+            txn, table=table, keyvalues=keyvalues, retcol=retcol
         )
 
         if ret:
@@ -945,12 +931,7 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
 
     @staticmethod
     def _simple_select_onecol_txn(txn, table, keyvalues, retcol):
-        sql = (
-            "SELECT %(retcol)s FROM %(table)s"
-        ) % {
-            "retcol": retcol,
-            "table": table,
-        }
+        sql = ("SELECT %(retcol)s FROM %(table)s") % {"retcol": retcol, "table": table}
 
         if keyvalues:
             sql += " WHERE %s" % " AND ".join("%s = ?" % k for k in iterkeys(keyvalues))
@@ -960,8 +941,9 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
 
         return [r[0] for r in txn]
 
-    def _simple_select_onecol(self, table, keyvalues, retcol,
-                              desc="_simple_select_onecol"):
+    def _simple_select_onecol(
+        self, table, keyvalues, retcol, desc="_simple_select_onecol"
+    ):
         """Executes a SELECT query on the named table, which returns a list
         comprising of the values of the named column from the selected rows.
 
@@ -974,13 +956,12 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
             Deferred: Results in a list
         """
         return self.runInteraction(
-            desc,
-            self._simple_select_onecol_txn,
-            table, keyvalues, retcol
+            desc, self._simple_select_onecol_txn, table, keyvalues, retcol
         )
 
-    def _simple_select_list(self, table, keyvalues, retcols,
-                            desc="_simple_select_list"):
+    def _simple_select_list(
+        self, table, keyvalues, retcols, desc="_simple_select_list"
+    ):
         """Executes a SELECT query on the named table, which may return zero or
         more rows, returning the result as a list of dicts.
 
@@ -994,9 +975,7 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
             defer.Deferred: resolves to list[dict[str, Any]]
         """
         return self.runInteraction(
-            desc,
-            self._simple_select_list_txn,
-            table, keyvalues, retcols
+            desc, self._simple_select_list_txn, table, keyvalues, retcols
         )
 
     @classmethod
@@ -1016,22 +995,26 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
             sql = "SELECT %s FROM %s WHERE %s" % (
                 ", ".join(retcols),
                 table,
-                " AND ".join("%s = ?" % (k, ) for k in keyvalues)
+                " AND ".join("%s = ?" % (k,) for k in keyvalues),
             )
             txn.execute(sql, list(keyvalues.values()))
         else:
-            sql = "SELECT %s FROM %s" % (
-                ", ".join(retcols),
-                table
-            )
+            sql = "SELECT %s FROM %s" % (", ".join(retcols), table)
             txn.execute(sql)
 
         return cls.cursor_to_dict(txn)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _simple_select_many_batch(self, table, column, iterable, retcols,
-                                  keyvalues={}, desc="_simple_select_many_batch",
-                                  batch_size=100):
+    def _simple_select_many_batch(
+        self,
+        table,
+        column,
+        iterable,
+        retcols,
+        keyvalues={},
+        desc="_simple_select_many_batch",
+        batch_size=100,
+    ):
         """Executes a SELECT query on the named table, which may return zero or
         more rows, returning the result as a list of dicts.
 
@@ -1053,14 +1036,17 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
         it_list = list(iterable)
 
         chunks = [
-            it_list[i:i + batch_size]
-            for i in range(0, len(it_list), batch_size)
+            it_list[i : i + batch_size] for i in range(0, len(it_list), batch_size)
         ]
         for chunk in chunks:
             rows = yield self.runInteraction(
                 desc,
                 self._simple_select_many_txn,
-                table, column, chunk, keyvalues, retcols
+                table,
+                column,
+                chunk,
+                keyvalues,
+                retcols,
             )
 
             results.extend(rows)
@@ -1089,9 +1075,7 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
 
         clauses = []
         values = []
-        clauses.append(
-            "%s IN (%s)" % (column, ",".join("?" for _ in iterable))
-        )
+        clauses.append("%s IN (%s)" % (column, ",".join("?" for _ in iterable)))
         values.extend(iterable)
 
         for key, value in iteritems(keyvalues):
@@ -1099,19 +1083,14 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
             values.append(value)
 
         if clauses:
-            sql = "%s WHERE %s" % (
-                sql,
-                " AND ".join(clauses),
-            )
+            sql = "%s WHERE %s" % (sql, " AND ".join(clauses))
 
         txn.execute(sql, values)
         return cls.cursor_to_dict(txn)
 
     def _simple_update(self, table, keyvalues, updatevalues, desc):
         return self.runInteraction(
-            desc,
-            self._simple_update_txn,
-            table, keyvalues, updatevalues,
+            desc, self._simple_update_txn, table, keyvalues, updatevalues
         )
 
     @staticmethod
@@ -1127,15 +1106,13 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
             where,
         )
 
-        txn.execute(
-            update_sql,
-            list(updatevalues.values()) + list(keyvalues.values())
-        )
+        txn.execute(update_sql, list(updatevalues.values()) + list(keyvalues.values()))
 
         return txn.rowcount
 
-    def _simple_update_one(self, table, keyvalues, updatevalues,
-                           desc="_simple_update_one"):
+    def _simple_update_one(
+        self, table, keyvalues, updatevalues, desc="_simple_update_one"
+    ):
         """Executes an UPDATE query on the named table, setting new values for
         columns in a row matching the key values.
 
@@ -1154,9 +1131,7 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
         the update column in the 'keyvalues' dict as well.
         """
         return self.runInteraction(
-            desc,
-            self._simple_update_one_txn,
-            table, keyvalues, updatevalues,
+            desc, self._simple_update_one_txn, table, keyvalues, updatevalues
         )
 
     @classmethod
@@ -1169,12 +1144,11 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
             raise StoreError(500, "More than one row matched (%s)" % (table,))
 
     @staticmethod
-    def _simple_select_one_txn(txn, table, keyvalues, retcols,
-                               allow_none=False):
+    def _simple_select_one_txn(txn, table, keyvalues, retcols, allow_none=False):
         select_sql = "SELECT %s FROM %s WHERE %s" % (
             ", ".join(retcols),
             table,
-            " AND ".join("%s = ?" % (k,) for k in keyvalues)
+            " AND ".join("%s = ?" % (k,) for k in keyvalues),
         )
 
         txn.execute(select_sql, list(keyvalues.values()))
@@ -1197,9 +1171,7 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
             table : string giving the table name
             keyvalues : dict of column names and values to select the row with
         """
-        return self.runInteraction(
-            desc, self._simple_delete_one_txn, table, keyvalues
-        )
+        return self.runInteraction(desc, self._simple_delete_one_txn, table, keyvalues)
 
     @staticmethod
     def _simple_delete_one_txn(txn, table, keyvalues):
@@ -1212,7 +1184,7 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
         """
         sql = "DELETE FROM %s WHERE %s" % (
             table,
-            " AND ".join("%s = ?" % (k, ) for k in keyvalues)
+            " AND ".join("%s = ?" % (k,) for k in keyvalues),
         )
 
         txn.execute(sql, list(keyvalues.values()))
@@ -1222,15 +1194,13 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
             raise StoreError(500, "More than one row matched (%s)" % (table,))
 
     def _simple_delete(self, table, keyvalues, desc):
-        return self.runInteraction(
-            desc, self._simple_delete_txn, table, keyvalues
-        )
+        return self.runInteraction(desc, self._simple_delete_txn, table, keyvalues)
 
     @staticmethod
     def _simple_delete_txn(txn, table, keyvalues):
         sql = "DELETE FROM %s WHERE %s" % (
             table,
-            " AND ".join("%s = ?" % (k, ) for k in keyvalues)
+            " AND ".join("%s = ?" % (k,) for k in keyvalues),
         )
 
         return txn.execute(sql, list(keyvalues.values()))
@@ -1260,9 +1230,7 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
 
         clauses = []
         values = []
-        clauses.append(
-            "%s IN (%s)" % (column, ",".join("?" for _ in iterable))
-        )
+        clauses.append("%s IN (%s)" % (column, ",".join("?" for _ in iterable)))
         values.extend(iterable)
 
         for key, value in iteritems(keyvalues):
@@ -1270,14 +1238,12 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
             values.append(value)
 
         if clauses:
-            sql = "%s WHERE %s" % (
-                sql,
-                " AND ".join(clauses),
-            )
+            sql = "%s WHERE %s" % (sql, " AND ".join(clauses))
         return txn.execute(sql, values)
 
-    def _get_cache_dict(self, db_conn, table, entity_column, stream_column,
-                        max_value, limit=100000):
+    def _get_cache_dict(
+        self, db_conn, table, entity_column, stream_column, max_value, limit=100000
+    ):
         # Fetch a mapping of room_id -> max stream position for "recent" rooms.
         # It doesn't really matter how many we get, the StreamChangeCache will
         # do the right thing to ensure it respects the max size of cache.
@@ -1297,10 +1263,7 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
         txn = db_conn.cursor()
         txn.execute(sql, (int(max_value),))
 
-        cache = {
-            row[0]: int(row[1])
-            for row in txn
-        }
+        cache = {row[0]: int(row[1]) for row in txn}
 
         txn.close()
 
@@ -1342,9 +1305,7 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
         # be safe.
         for chunk in batch_iter(members_changed, 50):
             keys = itertools.chain([room_id], chunk)
-            self._send_invalidation_to_replication(
-                txn, _CURRENT_STATE_CACHE_NAME, keys,
-            )
+            self._send_invalidation_to_replication(txn, _CURRENT_STATE_CACHE_NAME, keys)
 
     def _invalidate_state_caches(self, room_id, members_changed):
         """Invalidates caches that are based on the current state, but does
@@ -1355,28 +1316,13 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
             members_changed (iterable[str]): The user_ids of members that have
                 changed
         """
-        for member in members_changed:
-            self._attempt_to_invalidate_cache(
-                "get_rooms_for_user_with_stream_ordering", (member,),
-            )
-
         for host in set(get_domain_from_id(u) for u in members_changed):
-            self._attempt_to_invalidate_cache(
-                "is_host_joined", (room_id, host,),
-            )
-            self._attempt_to_invalidate_cache(
-                "was_host_joined", (room_id, host,),
-            )
+            self._attempt_to_invalidate_cache("is_host_joined", (room_id, host))
+            self._attempt_to_invalidate_cache("was_host_joined", (room_id, host))
 
-        self._attempt_to_invalidate_cache(
-            "get_users_in_room", (room_id,),
-        )
-        self._attempt_to_invalidate_cache(
-            "get_room_summary", (room_id,),
-        )
-        self._attempt_to_invalidate_cache(
-            "get_current_state_ids", (room_id,),
-        )
+        self._attempt_to_invalidate_cache("get_users_in_room", (room_id,))
+        self._attempt_to_invalidate_cache("get_room_summary", (room_id,))
+        self._attempt_to_invalidate_cache("get_current_state_ids", (room_id,))
 
     def _attempt_to_invalidate_cache(self, cache_name, key):
         """Attempts to invalidate the cache of the given name, ignoring if the
@@ -1424,7 +1370,7 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
                     "cache_func": cache_name,
                     "keys": list(keys),
                     "invalidation_ts": self.clock.time_msec(),
-                }
+                },
             )
 
     def get_all_updated_caches(self, last_id, current_id, limit):
@@ -1440,11 +1386,10 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
                 " FROM cache_invalidation_stream"
                 " WHERE stream_id > ? ORDER BY stream_id ASC LIMIT ?"
             )
-            txn.execute(sql, (last_id, limit,))
+            txn.execute(sql, (last_id, limit))
             return txn.fetchall()
-        return self.runInteraction(
-            "get_all_updated_caches", get_all_updated_caches_txn
-        )
+
+        return self.runInteraction("get_all_updated_caches", get_all_updated_caches_txn)
 
     def get_cache_stream_token(self):
         if self._cache_id_gen:
@@ -1452,8 +1397,9 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
         else:
             return 0
 
-    def _simple_select_list_paginate(self, table, keyvalues, pagevalues, retcols,
-                                     desc="_simple_select_list_paginate"):
+    def _simple_select_list_paginate(
+        self, table, keyvalues, pagevalues, retcols, desc="_simple_select_list_paginate"
+    ):
         """Executes a SELECT query on the named table with start and limit,
         of row numbers, which may return zero or number of rows from start to limit,
         returning the result as a list of dicts.
@@ -1473,11 +1419,16 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
         return self.runInteraction(
             desc,
             self._simple_select_list_paginate_txn,
-            table, keyvalues, pagevalues, retcols
+            table,
+            keyvalues,
+            pagevalues,
+            retcols,
         )
 
     @classmethod
-    def _simple_select_list_paginate_txn(cls, txn, table, keyvalues, pagevalues, retcols):
+    def _simple_select_list_paginate_txn(
+        cls, txn, table, keyvalues, pagevalues, retcols
+    ):
         """Executes a SELECT query on the named table with start and limit,
         of row numbers, which may return zero or number of rows from start to limit,
         returning the result as a list of dicts.
@@ -1502,22 +1453,23 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
                 ", ".join(retcols),
                 table,
                 " AND ".join("%s = ?" % (k,) for k in keyvalues),
-                " ? ASC LIMIT ? OFFSET ?"
+                " ? ASC LIMIT ? OFFSET ?",
             )
             txn.execute(sql, list(keyvalues.values()) + list(pagevalues))
         else:
             sql = "SELECT %s FROM %s ORDER BY %s" % (
                 ", ".join(retcols),
                 table,
-                " ? ASC LIMIT ? OFFSET ?"
+                " ? ASC LIMIT ? OFFSET ?",
             )
             txn.execute(sql, pagevalues)
 
         return cls.cursor_to_dict(txn)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def get_user_list_paginate(self, table, keyvalues, pagevalues, retcols,
-                               desc="get_user_list_paginate"):
+    def get_user_list_paginate(
+        self, table, keyvalues, pagevalues, retcols, desc="get_user_list_paginate"
+    ):
         """Get a list of users from start row to a limit number of rows. This will
         return a json object with users and total number of users in users list.
 
@@ -1537,16 +1489,13 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
         users = yield self.runInteraction(
             desc,
             self._simple_select_list_paginate_txn,
-            table, keyvalues, pagevalues, retcols
-        )
-        count = yield self.runInteraction(
-            desc,
-            self.get_user_count_txn
+            table,
+            keyvalues,
+            pagevalues,
+            retcols,
         )
-        retval = {
-            "users": users,
-            "total": count
-        }
+        count = yield self.runInteraction(desc, self.get_user_count_txn)
+        retval = {"users": users, "total": count}
         defer.returnValue(retval)
 
     def get_user_count_txn(self, txn):
@@ -1561,8 +1510,9 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
         txn.execute(sql_count)
         return txn.fetchone()[0]
 
-    def _simple_search_list(self, table, term, col, retcols,
-                            desc="_simple_search_list"):
+    def _simple_search_list(
+        self, table, term, col, retcols, desc="_simple_search_list"
+    ):
         """Executes a SELECT query on the named table, which may return zero or
         more rows, returning the result as a list of dicts.
 
@@ -1577,9 +1527,7 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
         """
 
         return self.runInteraction(
-            desc,
-            self._simple_search_list_txn,
-            table, term, col, retcols
+            desc, self._simple_search_list_txn, table, term, col, retcols
         )
 
     @classmethod
@@ -1598,11 +1546,7 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
             defer.Deferred: resolves to list[dict[str, Any]] or None
         """
         if term:
-            sql = "SELECT %s FROM %s WHERE %s LIKE ?" % (
-                ", ".join(retcols),
-                table,
-                col
-            )
+            sql = "SELECT %s FROM %s WHERE %s LIKE ?" % (", ".join(retcols), table, col)
             termvalues = ["%%" + term + "%%"]
             txn.execute(sql, termvalues)
         else:
@@ -1623,6 +1567,7 @@ class _RollbackButIsFineException(Exception):
     """ This exception is used to rollback a transaction without implying
     something went wrong.
     """
+
     pass
 
 
diff --git a/synapse/storage/account_data.py b/synapse/storage/account_data.py
index bbc3355c73..8394389073 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/account_data.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/account_data.py
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ class AccountDataWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
     def __init__(self, db_conn, hs):
         account_max = self.get_max_account_data_stream_id()
         self._account_data_stream_cache = StreamChangeCache(
-            "AccountDataAndTagsChangeCache", account_max,
+            "AccountDataAndTagsChangeCache", account_max
         )
 
         super(AccountDataWorkerStore, self).__init__(db_conn, hs)
@@ -68,8 +68,10 @@ class AccountDataWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
         def get_account_data_for_user_txn(txn):
             rows = self._simple_select_list_txn(
-                txn, "account_data", {"user_id": user_id},
-                ["account_data_type", "content"]
+                txn,
+                "account_data",
+                {"user_id": user_id},
+                ["account_data_type", "content"],
             )
 
             global_account_data = {
@@ -77,8 +79,10 @@ class AccountDataWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             }
 
             rows = self._simple_select_list_txn(
-                txn, "room_account_data", {"user_id": user_id},
-                ["room_id", "account_data_type", "content"]
+                txn,
+                "room_account_data",
+                {"user_id": user_id},
+                ["room_id", "account_data_type", "content"],
             )
 
             by_room = {}
@@ -100,10 +104,7 @@ class AccountDataWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         """
         result = yield self._simple_select_one_onecol(
             table="account_data",
-            keyvalues={
-                "user_id": user_id,
-                "account_data_type": data_type,
-            },
+            keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "account_data_type": data_type},
             retcol="content",
             desc="get_global_account_data_by_type_for_user",
             allow_none=True,
@@ -124,10 +125,13 @@ class AccountDataWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         Returns:
             A deferred dict of the room account_data
         """
+
         def get_account_data_for_room_txn(txn):
             rows = self._simple_select_list_txn(
-                txn, "room_account_data", {"user_id": user_id, "room_id": room_id},
-                ["account_data_type", "content"]
+                txn,
+                "room_account_data",
+                {"user_id": user_id, "room_id": room_id},
+                ["account_data_type", "content"],
             )
 
             return {
@@ -150,6 +154,7 @@ class AccountDataWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             A deferred of the room account_data for that type, or None if
             there isn't any set.
         """
+
         def get_account_data_for_room_and_type_txn(txn):
             content_json = self._simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
                 txn,
@@ -160,18 +165,18 @@ class AccountDataWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
                     "account_data_type": account_data_type,
                 },
                 retcol="content",
-                allow_none=True
+                allow_none=True,
             )
 
             return json.loads(content_json) if content_json else None
 
         return self.runInteraction(
-            "get_account_data_for_room_and_type",
-            get_account_data_for_room_and_type_txn,
+            "get_account_data_for_room_and_type", get_account_data_for_room_and_type_txn
         )
 
-    def get_all_updated_account_data(self, last_global_id, last_room_id,
-                                     current_id, limit):
+    def get_all_updated_account_data(
+        self, last_global_id, last_room_id, current_id, limit
+    ):
         """Get all the client account_data that has changed on the server
         Args:
             last_global_id(int): The position to fetch from for top level data
@@ -201,6 +206,7 @@ class AccountDataWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             txn.execute(sql, (last_room_id, current_id, limit))
             room_results = txn.fetchall()
             return (global_results, room_results)
+
         return self.runInteraction(
             "get_all_updated_account_data_txn", get_updated_account_data_txn
         )
@@ -224,9 +230,7 @@ class AccountDataWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
             txn.execute(sql, (user_id, stream_id))
 
-            global_account_data = {
-                row[0]: json.loads(row[1]) for row in txn
-            }
+            global_account_data = {row[0]: json.loads(row[1]) for row in txn}
 
             sql = (
                 "SELECT room_id, account_data_type, content FROM room_account_data"
@@ -255,7 +259,8 @@ class AccountDataWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
     @cachedInlineCallbacks(num_args=2, cache_context=True, max_entries=5000)
     def is_ignored_by(self, ignored_user_id, ignorer_user_id, cache_context):
         ignored_account_data = yield self.get_global_account_data_by_type_for_user(
-            "m.ignored_user_list", ignorer_user_id,
+            "m.ignored_user_list",
+            ignorer_user_id,
             on_invalidate=cache_context.invalidate,
         )
         if not ignored_account_data:
@@ -307,10 +312,7 @@ class AccountDataStore(AccountDataWorkerStore):
                     "room_id": room_id,
                     "account_data_type": account_data_type,
                 },
-                values={
-                    "stream_id": next_id,
-                    "content": content_json,
-                },
+                values={"stream_id": next_id, "content": content_json},
                 lock=False,
             )
 
@@ -324,9 +326,9 @@ class AccountDataStore(AccountDataWorkerStore):
 
             self._account_data_stream_cache.entity_has_changed(user_id, next_id)
             self.get_account_data_for_user.invalidate((user_id,))
-            self.get_account_data_for_room.invalidate((user_id, room_id,))
+            self.get_account_data_for_room.invalidate((user_id, room_id))
             self.get_account_data_for_room_and_type.prefill(
-                (user_id, room_id, account_data_type,), content,
+                (user_id, room_id, account_data_type), content
             )
 
         result = self._account_data_id_gen.get_current_token()
@@ -351,14 +353,8 @@ class AccountDataStore(AccountDataWorkerStore):
             yield self._simple_upsert(
                 desc="add_user_account_data",
                 table="account_data",
-                keyvalues={
-                    "user_id": user_id,
-                    "account_data_type": account_data_type,
-                },
-                values={
-                    "stream_id": next_id,
-                    "content": content_json,
-                },
+                keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "account_data_type": account_data_type},
+                values={"stream_id": next_id, "content": content_json},
                 lock=False,
             )
 
@@ -370,12 +366,10 @@ class AccountDataStore(AccountDataWorkerStore):
             # transaction.
             yield self._update_max_stream_id(next_id)
 
-            self._account_data_stream_cache.entity_has_changed(
-                user_id, next_id,
-            )
+            self._account_data_stream_cache.entity_has_changed(user_id, next_id)
             self.get_account_data_for_user.invalidate((user_id,))
             self.get_global_account_data_by_type_for_user.invalidate(
-                (account_data_type, user_id,)
+                (account_data_type, user_id)
             )
 
         result = self._account_data_id_gen.get_current_token()
@@ -387,6 +381,7 @@ class AccountDataStore(AccountDataWorkerStore):
         Args:
             next_id(int): The the revision to advance to.
         """
+
         def _update(txn):
             update_max_id_sql = (
                 "UPDATE account_data_max_stream_id"
@@ -394,7 +389,5 @@ class AccountDataStore(AccountDataWorkerStore):
                 " WHERE stream_id < ?"
             )
             txn.execute(update_max_id_sql, (next_id, next_id))
-        return self.runInteraction(
-            "update_account_data_max_stream_id",
-            _update,
-        )
+
+        return self.runInteraction("update_account_data_max_stream_id", _update)
diff --git a/synapse/storage/appservice.py b/synapse/storage/appservice.py
index 31248d5e06..6092f600ba 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/appservice.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/appservice.py
@@ -51,8 +51,7 @@ def _make_exclusive_regex(services_cache):
 class ApplicationServiceWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
     def __init__(self, db_conn, hs):
         self.services_cache = load_appservices(
-            hs.hostname,
-            hs.config.app_service_config_files
+            hs.hostname, hs.config.app_service_config_files
         )
         self.exclusive_user_regex = _make_exclusive_regex(self.services_cache)
 
@@ -122,8 +121,9 @@ class ApplicationServiceStore(ApplicationServiceWorkerStore):
     pass
 
 
-class ApplicationServiceTransactionWorkerStore(ApplicationServiceWorkerStore,
-                                               EventsWorkerStore):
+class ApplicationServiceTransactionWorkerStore(
+    ApplicationServiceWorkerStore, EventsWorkerStore
+):
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_appservices_by_state(self, state):
         """Get a list of application services based on their state.
@@ -135,9 +135,7 @@ class ApplicationServiceTransactionWorkerStore(ApplicationServiceWorkerStore,
             may be empty.
         """
         results = yield self._simple_select_list(
-            "application_services_state",
-            dict(state=state),
-            ["as_id"]
+            "application_services_state", dict(state=state), ["as_id"]
         )
         # NB: This assumes this class is linked with ApplicationServiceStore
         as_list = self.get_app_services()
@@ -180,9 +178,7 @@ class ApplicationServiceTransactionWorkerStore(ApplicationServiceWorkerStore,
             A Deferred which resolves when the state was set successfully.
         """
         return self._simple_upsert(
-            "application_services_state",
-            dict(as_id=service.id),
-            dict(state=state)
+            "application_services_state", dict(as_id=service.id), dict(state=state)
         )
 
     def create_appservice_txn(self, service, events):
@@ -195,6 +191,7 @@ class ApplicationServiceTransactionWorkerStore(ApplicationServiceWorkerStore,
         Returns:
             AppServiceTransaction: A new transaction.
         """
+
         def _create_appservice_txn(txn):
             # work out new txn id (highest txn id for this service += 1)
             # The highest id may be the last one sent (in which case it is last_txn)
@@ -204,7 +201,7 @@ class ApplicationServiceTransactionWorkerStore(ApplicationServiceWorkerStore,
 
             txn.execute(
                 "SELECT MAX(txn_id) FROM application_services_txns WHERE as_id=?",
-                (service.id,)
+                (service.id,),
             )
             highest_txn_id = txn.fetchone()[0]
             if highest_txn_id is None:
@@ -217,16 +214,11 @@ class ApplicationServiceTransactionWorkerStore(ApplicationServiceWorkerStore,
             txn.execute(
                 "INSERT INTO application_services_txns(as_id, txn_id, event_ids) "
                 "VALUES(?,?,?)",
-                (service.id, new_txn_id, event_ids)
-            )
-            return AppServiceTransaction(
-                service=service, id=new_txn_id, events=events
+                (service.id, new_txn_id, event_ids),
             )
+            return AppServiceTransaction(service=service, id=new_txn_id, events=events)
 
-        return self.runInteraction(
-            "create_appservice_txn",
-            _create_appservice_txn,
-        )
+        return self.runInteraction("create_appservice_txn", _create_appservice_txn)
 
     def complete_appservice_txn(self, txn_id, service):
         """Completes an application service transaction.
@@ -252,26 +244,26 @@ class ApplicationServiceTransactionWorkerStore(ApplicationServiceWorkerStore,
                     "appservice: Completing a transaction which has an ID > 1 from "
                     "the last ID sent to this AS. We've either dropped events or "
                     "sent it to the AS out of order. FIX ME. last_txn=%s "
-                    "completing_txn=%s service_id=%s", last_txn_id, txn_id,
-                    service.id
+                    "completing_txn=%s service_id=%s",
+                    last_txn_id,
+                    txn_id,
+                    service.id,
                 )
 
             # Set current txn_id for AS to 'txn_id'
             self._simple_upsert_txn(
-                txn, "application_services_state", dict(as_id=service.id),
-                dict(last_txn=txn_id)
+                txn,
+                "application_services_state",
+                dict(as_id=service.id),
+                dict(last_txn=txn_id),
             )
 
             # Delete txn
             self._simple_delete_txn(
-                txn, "application_services_txns",
-                dict(txn_id=txn_id, as_id=service.id)
+                txn, "application_services_txns", dict(txn_id=txn_id, as_id=service.id)
             )
 
-        return self.runInteraction(
-            "complete_appservice_txn",
-            _complete_appservice_txn,
-        )
+        return self.runInteraction("complete_appservice_txn", _complete_appservice_txn)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_oldest_unsent_txn(self, service):
@@ -284,13 +276,14 @@ class ApplicationServiceTransactionWorkerStore(ApplicationServiceWorkerStore,
             A Deferred which resolves to an AppServiceTransaction or
             None.
         """
+
         def _get_oldest_unsent_txn(txn):
             # Monotonically increasing txn ids, so just select the smallest
             # one in the txns table (we delete them when they are sent)
             txn.execute(
                 "SELECT * FROM application_services_txns WHERE as_id=?"
                 " ORDER BY txn_id ASC LIMIT 1",
-                (service.id,)
+                (service.id,),
             )
             rows = self.cursor_to_dict(txn)
             if not rows:
@@ -301,8 +294,7 @@ class ApplicationServiceTransactionWorkerStore(ApplicationServiceWorkerStore,
             return entry
 
         entry = yield self.runInteraction(
-            "get_oldest_unsent_appservice_txn",
-            _get_oldest_unsent_txn,
+            "get_oldest_unsent_appservice_txn", _get_oldest_unsent_txn
         )
 
         if not entry:
@@ -312,14 +304,14 @@ class ApplicationServiceTransactionWorkerStore(ApplicationServiceWorkerStore,
 
         events = yield self._get_events(event_ids)
 
-        defer.returnValue(AppServiceTransaction(
-            service=service, id=entry["txn_id"], events=events
-        ))
+        defer.returnValue(
+            AppServiceTransaction(service=service, id=entry["txn_id"], events=events)
+        )
 
     def _get_last_txn(self, txn, service_id):
         txn.execute(
             "SELECT last_txn FROM application_services_state WHERE as_id=?",
-            (service_id,)
+            (service_id,),
         )
         last_txn_id = txn.fetchone()
         if last_txn_id is None or last_txn_id[0] is None:  # no row exists
@@ -332,6 +324,7 @@ class ApplicationServiceTransactionWorkerStore(ApplicationServiceWorkerStore,
             txn.execute(
                 "UPDATE appservice_stream_position SET stream_ordering = ?", (pos,)
             )
+
         return self.runInteraction(
             "set_appservice_last_pos", set_appservice_last_pos_txn
         )
@@ -362,7 +355,7 @@ class ApplicationServiceTransactionWorkerStore(ApplicationServiceWorkerStore,
             return upper_bound, [row[1] for row in rows]
 
         upper_bound, event_ids = yield self.runInteraction(
-            "get_new_events_for_appservice", get_new_events_for_appservice_txn,
+            "get_new_events_for_appservice", get_new_events_for_appservice_txn
         )
 
         events = yield self._get_events(event_ids)
diff --git a/synapse/storage/background_updates.py b/synapse/storage/background_updates.py
index a2f8c23a65..b8b8273f73 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/background_updates.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/background_updates.py
@@ -94,16 +94,13 @@ class BackgroundUpdateStore(SQLBaseStore):
         self._all_done = False
 
     def start_doing_background_updates(self):
-        run_as_background_process(
-            "background_updates", self._run_background_updates,
-        )
+        run_as_background_process("background_updates", self._run_background_updates)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _run_background_updates(self):
         logger.info("Starting background schema updates")
         while True:
-            yield self.hs.get_clock().sleep(
-                self.BACKGROUND_UPDATE_INTERVAL_MS / 1000.)
+            yield self.hs.get_clock().sleep(self.BACKGROUND_UPDATE_INTERVAL_MS / 1000.0)
 
             try:
                 result = yield self.do_next_background_update(
@@ -187,8 +184,7 @@ class BackgroundUpdateStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _do_background_update(self, update_name, desired_duration_ms):
-        logger.info("Starting update batch on background update '%s'",
-                    update_name)
+        logger.info("Starting update batch on background update '%s'", update_name)
 
         update_handler = self._background_update_handlers[update_name]
 
@@ -210,7 +206,7 @@ class BackgroundUpdateStore(SQLBaseStore):
         progress_json = yield self._simple_select_one_onecol(
             "background_updates",
             keyvalues={"update_name": update_name},
-            retcol="progress_json"
+            retcol="progress_json",
         )
 
         progress = json.loads(progress_json)
@@ -224,7 +220,9 @@ class BackgroundUpdateStore(SQLBaseStore):
         logger.info(
             "Updating %r. Updated %r items in %rms."
             " (total_rate=%r/ms, current_rate=%r/ms, total_updated=%r, batch_size=%r)",
-            update_name, items_updated, duration_ms,
+            update_name,
+            items_updated,
+            duration_ms,
             performance.total_items_per_ms(),
             performance.average_items_per_ms(),
             performance.total_item_count,
@@ -264,6 +262,7 @@ class BackgroundUpdateStore(SQLBaseStore):
         Args:
             update_name (str): Name of update
         """
+
         @defer.inlineCallbacks
         def noop_update(progress, batch_size):
             yield self._end_background_update(update_name)
@@ -271,10 +270,16 @@ class BackgroundUpdateStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
         self.register_background_update_handler(update_name, noop_update)
 
-    def register_background_index_update(self, update_name, index_name,
-                                         table, columns, where_clause=None,
-                                         unique=False,
-                                         psql_only=False):
+    def register_background_index_update(
+        self,
+        update_name,
+        index_name,
+        table,
+        columns,
+        where_clause=None,
+        unique=False,
+        psql_only=False,
+    ):
         """Helper for store classes to do a background index addition
 
         To use:
@@ -320,7 +325,7 @@ class BackgroundUpdateStore(SQLBaseStore):
                     "name": index_name,
                     "table": table,
                     "columns": ", ".join(columns),
-                    "where_clause": "WHERE " + where_clause if where_clause else ""
+                    "where_clause": "WHERE " + where_clause if where_clause else "",
                 }
                 logger.debug("[SQL] %s", sql)
                 c.execute(sql)
@@ -387,7 +392,7 @@ class BackgroundUpdateStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
         return self._simple_insert(
             "background_updates",
-            {"update_name": update_name, "progress_json": progress_json}
+            {"update_name": update_name, "progress_json": progress_json},
         )
 
     def _end_background_update(self, update_name):
diff --git a/synapse/storage/client_ips.py b/synapse/storage/client_ips.py
index 9c21362226..bda68de5be 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/client_ips.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/client_ips.py
@@ -37,9 +37,7 @@ class ClientIpStore(background_updates.BackgroundUpdateStore):
     def __init__(self, db_conn, hs):
 
         self.client_ip_last_seen = Cache(
-            name="client_ip_last_seen",
-            keylen=4,
-            max_entries=50000 * CACHE_SIZE_FACTOR,
+            name="client_ip_last_seen", keylen=4, max_entries=50000 * CACHE_SIZE_FACTOR
         )
 
         super(ClientIpStore, self).__init__(db_conn, hs)
@@ -66,13 +64,11 @@ class ClientIpStore(background_updates.BackgroundUpdateStore):
         )
 
         self.register_background_update_handler(
-            "user_ips_analyze",
-            self._analyze_user_ip,
+            "user_ips_analyze", self._analyze_user_ip
         )
 
         self.register_background_update_handler(
-            "user_ips_remove_dupes",
-            self._remove_user_ip_dupes,
+            "user_ips_remove_dupes", self._remove_user_ip_dupes
         )
 
         # Register a unique index
@@ -86,8 +82,7 @@ class ClientIpStore(background_updates.BackgroundUpdateStore):
 
         # Drop the old non-unique index
         self.register_background_update_handler(
-            "user_ips_drop_nonunique_index",
-            self._remove_user_ip_nonunique,
+            "user_ips_drop_nonunique_index", self._remove_user_ip_nonunique
         )
 
         # (user_id, access_token, ip,) -> (user_agent, device_id, last_seen)
@@ -104,9 +99,7 @@ class ClientIpStore(background_updates.BackgroundUpdateStore):
     def _remove_user_ip_nonunique(self, progress, batch_size):
         def f(conn):
             txn = conn.cursor()
-            txn.execute(
-                "DROP INDEX IF EXISTS user_ips_user_ip"
-            )
+            txn.execute("DROP INDEX IF EXISTS user_ips_user_ip")
             txn.close()
 
         yield self.runWithConnection(f)
@@ -124,9 +117,7 @@ class ClientIpStore(background_updates.BackgroundUpdateStore):
         def user_ips_analyze(txn):
             txn.execute("ANALYZE user_ips")
 
-        yield self.runInteraction(
-            "user_ips_analyze", user_ips_analyze
-        )
+        yield self.runInteraction("user_ips_analyze", user_ips_analyze)
 
         yield self._end_background_update("user_ips_analyze")
 
@@ -151,7 +142,7 @@ class ClientIpStore(background_updates.BackgroundUpdateStore):
                 LIMIT 1
                 OFFSET ?
                 """,
-                (begin_last_seen, batch_size)
+                (begin_last_seen, batch_size),
             )
             row = txn.fetchone()
             if row:
@@ -169,7 +160,8 @@ class ClientIpStore(background_updates.BackgroundUpdateStore):
 
         logger.info(
             "Scanning for duplicate 'user_ips' rows in range: %s <= last_seen < %s",
-            begin_last_seen, end_last_seen,
+            begin_last_seen,
+            end_last_seen,
         )
 
         def remove(txn):
@@ -207,8 +199,10 @@ class ClientIpStore(background_updates.BackgroundUpdateStore):
                 INNER JOIN user_ips USING (user_id, access_token, ip)
                 GROUP BY user_id, access_token, ip
                 HAVING count(*) > 1
-                """.format(clause),
-                args
+                """.format(
+                    clause
+                ),
+                args,
             )
             res = txn.fetchall()
 
@@ -254,7 +248,7 @@ class ClientIpStore(background_updates.BackgroundUpdateStore):
                     DELETE FROM user_ips
                     WHERE user_id = ? AND access_token = ? AND ip = ? AND last_seen < ?
                     """,
-                    (user_id, access_token, ip, last_seen)
+                    (user_id, access_token, ip, last_seen),
                 )
                 if txn.rowcount == count - 1:
                     # We deleted all but one of the duplicate rows, i.e. there
@@ -263,7 +257,7 @@ class ClientIpStore(background_updates.BackgroundUpdateStore):
                     continue
                 elif txn.rowcount >= count:
                     raise Exception(
-                        "We deleted more duplicate rows from 'user_ips' than expected",
+                        "We deleted more duplicate rows from 'user_ips' than expected"
                     )
 
                 # The previous step didn't delete enough rows, so we fallback to
@@ -275,7 +269,7 @@ class ClientIpStore(background_updates.BackgroundUpdateStore):
                     DELETE FROM user_ips
                     WHERE user_id = ? AND access_token = ? AND ip = ?
                     """,
-                    (user_id, access_token, ip)
+                    (user_id, access_token, ip),
                 )
 
                 # Add in one to be the last_seen
@@ -285,7 +279,7 @@ class ClientIpStore(background_updates.BackgroundUpdateStore):
                     (user_id, access_token, ip, device_id, user_agent, last_seen)
                     VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)
                     """,
-                    (user_id, access_token, ip, device_id, user_agent, last_seen)
+                    (user_id, access_token, ip, device_id, user_agent, last_seen),
                 )
 
             self._background_update_progress_txn(
@@ -300,8 +294,9 @@ class ClientIpStore(background_updates.BackgroundUpdateStore):
         defer.returnValue(batch_size)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def insert_client_ip(self, user_id, access_token, ip, user_agent, device_id,
-                         now=None):
+    def insert_client_ip(
+        self, user_id, access_token, ip, user_agent, device_id, now=None
+    ):
         if not now:
             now = int(self._clock.time_msec())
         key = (user_id, access_token, ip)
@@ -329,13 +324,10 @@ class ClientIpStore(background_updates.BackgroundUpdateStore):
             to_update = self._batch_row_update
             self._batch_row_update = {}
             return self.runInteraction(
-                "_update_client_ips_batch", self._update_client_ips_batch_txn,
-                to_update,
+                "_update_client_ips_batch", self._update_client_ips_batch_txn, to_update
             )
 
-        return run_as_background_process(
-            "update_client_ips", update,
-        )
+        return run_as_background_process("update_client_ips", update)
 
     def _update_client_ips_batch_txn(self, txn, to_update):
         if "user_ips" in self._unsafe_to_upsert_tables or (
@@ -383,7 +375,8 @@ class ClientIpStore(background_updates.BackgroundUpdateStore):
         res = yield self.runInteraction(
             "get_last_client_ip_by_device",
             self._get_last_client_ip_by_device_txn,
-            user_id, device_id,
+            user_id,
+            device_id,
             retcols=(
                 "user_id",
                 "access_token",
@@ -416,7 +409,7 @@ class ClientIpStore(background_updates.BackgroundUpdateStore):
         bindings = []
         if device_id is None:
             where_clauses.append("user_id = ?")
-            bindings.extend((user_id, ))
+            bindings.extend((user_id,))
         else:
             where_clauses.append("(user_id = ? AND device_id = ?)")
             bindings.extend((user_id, device_id))
@@ -428,9 +421,7 @@ class ClientIpStore(background_updates.BackgroundUpdateStore):
             "SELECT MAX(last_seen) mls, user_id, device_id FROM user_ips "
             "WHERE %(where)s "
             "GROUP BY user_id, device_id"
-        ) % {
-            "where": " OR ".join(where_clauses),
-        }
+        ) % {"where": " OR ".join(where_clauses)}
 
         sql = (
             "SELECT %(retcols)s FROM user_ips "
@@ -462,9 +453,7 @@ class ClientIpStore(background_updates.BackgroundUpdateStore):
         rows = yield self._simple_select_list(
             table="user_ips",
             keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
-            retcols=[
-                "access_token", "ip", "user_agent", "last_seen"
-            ],
+            retcols=["access_token", "ip", "user_agent", "last_seen"],
             desc="get_user_ip_and_agents",
         )
 
@@ -472,12 +461,14 @@ class ClientIpStore(background_updates.BackgroundUpdateStore):
             ((row["access_token"], row["ip"]), (row["user_agent"], row["last_seen"]))
             for row in rows
         )
-        defer.returnValue(list(
-            {
-                "access_token": access_token,
-                "ip": ip,
-                "user_agent": user_agent,
-                "last_seen": last_seen,
-            }
-            for (access_token, ip), (user_agent, last_seen) in iteritems(results)
-        ))
+        defer.returnValue(
+            list(
+                {
+                    "access_token": access_token,
+                    "ip": ip,
+                    "user_agent": user_agent,
+                    "last_seen": last_seen,
+                }
+                for (access_token, ip), (user_agent, last_seen) in iteritems(results)
+            )
+        )
diff --git a/synapse/storage/deviceinbox.py b/synapse/storage/deviceinbox.py
index e6a42a53bb..fed4ea3610 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/deviceinbox.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/deviceinbox.py
@@ -57,9 +57,9 @@ class DeviceInboxWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 " ORDER BY stream_id ASC"
                 " LIMIT ?"
             )
-            txn.execute(sql, (
-                user_id, device_id, last_stream_id, current_stream_id, limit
-            ))
+            txn.execute(
+                sql, (user_id, device_id, last_stream_id, current_stream_id, limit)
+            )
             messages = []
             for row in txn:
                 stream_pos = row[0]
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ class DeviceInboxWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             return (messages, stream_pos)
 
         return self.runInteraction(
-            "get_new_messages_for_device", get_new_messages_for_device_txn,
+            "get_new_messages_for_device", get_new_messages_for_device_txn
         )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -146,9 +146,7 @@ class DeviceInboxWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 " ORDER BY stream_id ASC"
                 " LIMIT ?"
             )
-            txn.execute(sql, (
-                destination, last_stream_id, current_stream_id, limit
-            ))
+            txn.execute(sql, (destination, last_stream_id, current_stream_id, limit))
             messages = []
             for row in txn:
                 stream_pos = row[0]
@@ -172,6 +170,7 @@ class DeviceInboxWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         Returns:
             A deferred that resolves when the messages have been deleted.
         """
+
         def delete_messages_for_remote_destination_txn(txn):
             sql = (
                 "DELETE FROM device_federation_outbox"
@@ -181,8 +180,7 @@ class DeviceInboxWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             txn.execute(sql, (destination, up_to_stream_id))
 
         return self.runInteraction(
-            "delete_device_msgs_for_remote",
-            delete_messages_for_remote_destination_txn
+            "delete_device_msgs_for_remote", delete_messages_for_remote_destination_txn
         )
 
 
@@ -200,8 +198,7 @@ class DeviceInboxStore(DeviceInboxWorkerStore, BackgroundUpdateStore):
         )
 
         self.register_background_update_handler(
-            self.DEVICE_INBOX_STREAM_ID,
-            self._background_drop_index_device_inbox,
+            self.DEVICE_INBOX_STREAM_ID, self._background_drop_index_device_inbox
         )
 
         # Map of (user_id, device_id) to the last stream_id that has been
@@ -214,8 +211,9 @@ class DeviceInboxStore(DeviceInboxWorkerStore, BackgroundUpdateStore):
         )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def add_messages_to_device_inbox(self, local_messages_by_user_then_device,
-                                     remote_messages_by_destination):
+    def add_messages_to_device_inbox(
+        self, local_messages_by_user_then_device, remote_messages_by_destination
+    ):
         """Used to send messages from this server.
 
         Args:
@@ -252,15 +250,10 @@ class DeviceInboxStore(DeviceInboxWorkerStore, BackgroundUpdateStore):
         with self._device_inbox_id_gen.get_next() as stream_id:
             now_ms = self.clock.time_msec()
             yield self.runInteraction(
-                "add_messages_to_device_inbox",
-                add_messages_txn,
-                now_ms,
-                stream_id,
+                "add_messages_to_device_inbox", add_messages_txn, now_ms, stream_id
             )
             for user_id in local_messages_by_user_then_device.keys():
-                self._device_inbox_stream_cache.entity_has_changed(
-                    user_id, stream_id
-                )
+                self._device_inbox_stream_cache.entity_has_changed(user_id, stream_id)
             for destination in remote_messages_by_destination.keys():
                 self._device_federation_outbox_stream_cache.entity_has_changed(
                     destination, stream_id
@@ -277,7 +270,8 @@ class DeviceInboxStore(DeviceInboxWorkerStore, BackgroundUpdateStore):
             # origin. This can happen if the origin doesn't receive our
             # acknowledgement from the first time we received the message.
             already_inserted = self._simple_select_one_txn(
-                txn, table="device_federation_inbox",
+                txn,
+                table="device_federation_inbox",
                 keyvalues={"origin": origin, "message_id": message_id},
                 retcols=("message_id",),
                 allow_none=True,
@@ -288,7 +282,8 @@ class DeviceInboxStore(DeviceInboxWorkerStore, BackgroundUpdateStore):
             # Add an entry for this message_id so that we know we've processed
             # it.
             self._simple_insert_txn(
-                txn, table="device_federation_inbox",
+                txn,
+                table="device_federation_inbox",
                 values={
                     "origin": origin,
                     "message_id": message_id,
@@ -311,19 +306,14 @@ class DeviceInboxStore(DeviceInboxWorkerStore, BackgroundUpdateStore):
                 stream_id,
             )
             for user_id in local_messages_by_user_then_device.keys():
-                self._device_inbox_stream_cache.entity_has_changed(
-                    user_id, stream_id
-                )
+                self._device_inbox_stream_cache.entity_has_changed(user_id, stream_id)
 
         defer.returnValue(stream_id)
 
-    def _add_messages_to_local_device_inbox_txn(self, txn, stream_id,
-                                                messages_by_user_then_device):
-        sql = (
-            "UPDATE device_max_stream_id"
-            " SET stream_id = ?"
-            " WHERE stream_id < ?"
-        )
+    def _add_messages_to_local_device_inbox_txn(
+        self, txn, stream_id, messages_by_user_then_device
+    ):
+        sql = "UPDATE device_max_stream_id" " SET stream_id = ?" " WHERE stream_id < ?"
         txn.execute(sql, (stream_id, stream_id))
 
         local_by_user_then_device = {}
@@ -332,10 +322,7 @@ class DeviceInboxStore(DeviceInboxWorkerStore, BackgroundUpdateStore):
             devices = list(messages_by_device.keys())
             if len(devices) == 1 and devices[0] == "*":
                 # Handle wildcard device_ids.
-                sql = (
-                    "SELECT device_id FROM devices"
-                    " WHERE user_id = ?"
-                )
+                sql = "SELECT device_id FROM devices" " WHERE user_id = ?"
                 txn.execute(sql, (user_id,))
                 message_json = json.dumps(messages_by_device["*"])
                 for row in txn:
@@ -428,9 +415,7 @@ class DeviceInboxStore(DeviceInboxWorkerStore, BackgroundUpdateStore):
     def _background_drop_index_device_inbox(self, progress, batch_size):
         def reindex_txn(conn):
             txn = conn.cursor()
-            txn.execute(
-                "DROP INDEX IF EXISTS device_inbox_stream_id"
-            )
+            txn.execute("DROP INDEX IF EXISTS device_inbox_stream_id")
             txn.close()
 
         yield self.runWithConnection(reindex_txn)
diff --git a/synapse/storage/devices.py b/synapse/storage/devices.py
index e716dc1437..fd869b934c 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/devices.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/devices.py
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ class DeviceWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             table="devices",
             keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
             retcols=("user_id", "device_id", "display_name"),
-            desc="get_devices_by_user"
+            desc="get_devices_by_user",
         )
 
         defer.returnValue({d["device_id"]: d for d in devices})
@@ -87,21 +87,23 @@ class DeviceWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             return (now_stream_id, [])
 
         return self.runInteraction(
-            "get_devices_by_remote", self._get_devices_by_remote_txn,
-            destination, from_stream_id, now_stream_id,
+            "get_devices_by_remote",
+            self._get_devices_by_remote_txn,
+            destination,
+            from_stream_id,
+            now_stream_id,
         )
 
-    def _get_devices_by_remote_txn(self, txn, destination, from_stream_id,
-                                   now_stream_id):
+    def _get_devices_by_remote_txn(
+        self, txn, destination, from_stream_id, now_stream_id
+    ):
         sql = """
             SELECT user_id, device_id, max(stream_id) FROM device_lists_outbound_pokes
             WHERE destination = ? AND ? < stream_id AND stream_id <= ? AND sent = ?
             GROUP BY user_id, device_id
             LIMIT 20
         """
-        txn.execute(
-            sql, (destination, from_stream_id, now_stream_id, False)
-        )
+        txn.execute(sql, (destination, from_stream_id, now_stream_id, False))
 
         # maps (user_id, device_id) -> stream_id
         query_map = {(r[0], r[1]): r[2] for r in txn}
@@ -112,7 +114,10 @@ class DeviceWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             now_stream_id = max(stream_id for stream_id in itervalues(query_map))
 
         devices = self._get_e2e_device_keys_txn(
-            txn, query_map.keys(), include_all_devices=True, include_deleted_devices=True
+            txn,
+            query_map.keys(),
+            include_all_devices=True,
+            include_deleted_devices=True,
         )
 
         prev_sent_id_sql = """
@@ -157,8 +162,10 @@ class DeviceWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         """Mark that updates have successfully been sent to the destination.
         """
         return self.runInteraction(
-            "mark_as_sent_devices_by_remote", self._mark_as_sent_devices_by_remote_txn,
-            destination, stream_id,
+            "mark_as_sent_devices_by_remote",
+            self._mark_as_sent_devices_by_remote_txn,
+            destination,
+            stream_id,
         )
 
     def _mark_as_sent_devices_by_remote_txn(self, txn, destination, stream_id):
@@ -173,7 +180,7 @@ class DeviceWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             WHERE destination = ? AND o.stream_id <= ?
             GROUP BY user_id
         """
-        txn.execute(sql, (destination, stream_id,))
+        txn.execute(sql, (destination, stream_id))
         rows = txn.fetchall()
 
         sql = """
@@ -181,16 +188,14 @@ class DeviceWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             SET stream_id = ?
             WHERE destination = ? AND user_id = ?
         """
-        txn.executemany(
-            sql, ((row[1], destination, row[0],) for row in rows if row[2])
-        )
+        txn.executemany(sql, ((row[1], destination, row[0]) for row in rows if row[2]))
 
         sql = """
             INSERT INTO device_lists_outbound_last_success
             (destination, user_id, stream_id) VALUES (?, ?, ?)
         """
         txn.executemany(
-            sql, ((destination, row[0], row[1],) for row in rows if not row[2])
+            sql, ((destination, row[0], row[1]) for row in rows if not row[2])
         )
 
         # Delete all sent outbound pokes
@@ -198,7 +203,7 @@ class DeviceWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             DELETE FROM device_lists_outbound_pokes
             WHERE destination = ? AND stream_id <= ?
         """
-        txn.execute(sql, (destination, stream_id,))
+        txn.execute(sql, (destination, stream_id))
 
     def get_device_stream_token(self):
         return self._device_list_id_gen.get_current_token()
@@ -240,10 +245,7 @@ class DeviceWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
     def _get_cached_user_device(self, user_id, device_id):
         content = yield self._simple_select_one_onecol(
             table="device_lists_remote_cache",
-            keyvalues={
-                "user_id": user_id,
-                "device_id": device_id,
-            },
+            keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "device_id": device_id},
             retcol="content",
             desc="_get_cached_user_device",
         )
@@ -253,16 +255,13 @@ class DeviceWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
     def _get_cached_devices_for_user(self, user_id):
         devices = yield self._simple_select_list(
             table="device_lists_remote_cache",
-            keyvalues={
-                "user_id": user_id,
-            },
+            keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
             retcols=("device_id", "content"),
             desc="_get_cached_devices_for_user",
         )
-        defer.returnValue({
-            device["device_id"]: db_to_json(device["content"])
-            for device in devices
-        })
+        defer.returnValue(
+            {device["device_id"]: db_to_json(device["content"]) for device in devices}
+        )
 
     def get_devices_with_keys_by_user(self, user_id):
         """Get all devices (with any device keys) for a user
@@ -272,7 +271,8 @@ class DeviceWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         """
         return self.runInteraction(
             "get_devices_with_keys_by_user",
-            self._get_devices_with_keys_by_user_txn, user_id,
+            self._get_devices_with_keys_by_user_txn,
+            user_id,
         )
 
     def _get_devices_with_keys_by_user_txn(self, txn, user_id):
@@ -286,9 +286,7 @@ class DeviceWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             user_devices = devices[user_id]
             results = []
             for device_id, device in iteritems(user_devices):
-                result = {
-                    "device_id": device_id,
-                }
+                result = {"device_id": device_id}
 
                 key_json = device.get("key_json", None)
                 if key_json:
@@ -315,7 +313,9 @@ class DeviceWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         sql = """
             SELECT DISTINCT user_id FROM device_lists_stream WHERE stream_id > ?
         """
-        rows = yield self._execute("get_user_whose_devices_changed", None, sql, from_key)
+        rows = yield self._execute(
+            "get_user_whose_devices_changed", None, sql, from_key
+        )
         defer.returnValue(set(row[0] for row in rows))
 
     def get_all_device_list_changes_for_remotes(self, from_key, to_key):
@@ -333,8 +333,7 @@ class DeviceWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             GROUP BY user_id, destination
         """
         return self._execute(
-            "get_all_device_list_changes_for_remotes", None,
-            sql, from_key, to_key
+            "get_all_device_list_changes_for_remotes", None, sql, from_key, to_key
         )
 
     @cached(max_entries=10000)
@@ -350,21 +349,22 @@ class DeviceWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             allow_none=True,
         )
 
-    @cachedList(cached_method_name="get_device_list_last_stream_id_for_remote",
-                list_name="user_ids", inlineCallbacks=True)
+    @cachedList(
+        cached_method_name="get_device_list_last_stream_id_for_remote",
+        list_name="user_ids",
+        inlineCallbacks=True,
+    )
     def get_device_list_last_stream_id_for_remotes(self, user_ids):
         rows = yield self._simple_select_many_batch(
             table="device_lists_remote_extremeties",
             column="user_id",
             iterable=user_ids,
-            retcols=("user_id", "stream_id",),
+            retcols=("user_id", "stream_id"),
             desc="get_device_list_last_stream_id_for_remotes",
         )
 
         results = {user_id: None for user_id in user_ids}
-        results.update({
-            row["user_id"]: row["stream_id"] for row in rows
-        })
+        results.update({row["user_id"]: row["stream_id"] for row in rows})
 
         defer.returnValue(results)
 
@@ -376,14 +376,10 @@ class DeviceStore(DeviceWorkerStore, BackgroundUpdateStore):
         # Map of (user_id, device_id) -> bool. If there is an entry that implies
         # the device exists.
         self.device_id_exists_cache = Cache(
-            name="device_id_exists",
-            keylen=2,
-            max_entries=10000,
+            name="device_id_exists", keylen=2, max_entries=10000
         )
 
-        self._clock.looping_call(
-            self._prune_old_outbound_device_pokes, 60 * 60 * 1000
-        )
+        self._clock.looping_call(self._prune_old_outbound_device_pokes, 60 * 60 * 1000)
 
         self.register_background_index_update(
             "device_lists_stream_idx",
@@ -417,8 +413,7 @@ class DeviceStore(DeviceWorkerStore, BackgroundUpdateStore):
         )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def store_device(self, user_id, device_id,
-                     initial_device_display_name):
+    def store_device(self, user_id, device_id, initial_device_display_name):
         """Ensure the given device is known; add it to the store if not
 
         Args:
@@ -440,7 +435,7 @@ class DeviceStore(DeviceWorkerStore, BackgroundUpdateStore):
                 values={
                     "user_id": user_id,
                     "device_id": device_id,
-                    "display_name": initial_device_display_name
+                    "display_name": initial_device_display_name,
                 },
                 desc="store_device",
                 or_ignore=True,
@@ -448,12 +443,17 @@ class DeviceStore(DeviceWorkerStore, BackgroundUpdateStore):
             self.device_id_exists_cache.prefill(key, True)
             defer.returnValue(inserted)
         except Exception as e:
-            logger.error("store_device with device_id=%s(%r) user_id=%s(%r)"
-                         " display_name=%s(%r) failed: %s",
-                         type(device_id).__name__, device_id,
-                         type(user_id).__name__, user_id,
-                         type(initial_device_display_name).__name__,
-                         initial_device_display_name, e)
+            logger.error(
+                "store_device with device_id=%s(%r) user_id=%s(%r)"
+                " display_name=%s(%r) failed: %s",
+                type(device_id).__name__,
+                device_id,
+                type(user_id).__name__,
+                user_id,
+                type(initial_device_display_name).__name__,
+                initial_device_display_name,
+                e,
+            )
             raise StoreError(500, "Problem storing device.")
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -525,15 +525,14 @@ class DeviceStore(DeviceWorkerStore, BackgroundUpdateStore):
         """
         yield self._simple_delete(
             table="device_lists_remote_extremeties",
-            keyvalues={
-                "user_id": user_id,
-            },
+            keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
             desc="mark_remote_user_device_list_as_unsubscribed",
         )
         self.get_device_list_last_stream_id_for_remote.invalidate((user_id,))
 
-    def update_remote_device_list_cache_entry(self, user_id, device_id, content,
-                                              stream_id):
+    def update_remote_device_list_cache_entry(
+        self, user_id, device_id, content, stream_id
+    ):
         """Updates a single device in the cache of a remote user's devicelist.
 
         Note: assumes that we are the only thread that can be updating this user's
@@ -551,42 +550,35 @@ class DeviceStore(DeviceWorkerStore, BackgroundUpdateStore):
         return self.runInteraction(
             "update_remote_device_list_cache_entry",
             self._update_remote_device_list_cache_entry_txn,
-            user_id, device_id, content, stream_id,
+            user_id,
+            device_id,
+            content,
+            stream_id,
         )
 
-    def _update_remote_device_list_cache_entry_txn(self, txn, user_id, device_id,
-                                                   content, stream_id):
+    def _update_remote_device_list_cache_entry_txn(
+        self, txn, user_id, device_id, content, stream_id
+    ):
         if content.get("deleted"):
             self._simple_delete_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="device_lists_remote_cache",
-                keyvalues={
-                    "user_id": user_id,
-                    "device_id": device_id,
-                },
+                keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "device_id": device_id},
             )
 
-            txn.call_after(
-                self.device_id_exists_cache.invalidate, (user_id, device_id,)
-            )
+            txn.call_after(self.device_id_exists_cache.invalidate, (user_id, device_id))
         else:
             self._simple_upsert_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="device_lists_remote_cache",
-                keyvalues={
-                    "user_id": user_id,
-                    "device_id": device_id,
-                },
-                values={
-                    "content": json.dumps(content),
-                },
-
+                keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "device_id": device_id},
+                values={"content": json.dumps(content)},
                 # we don't need to lock, because we assume we are the only thread
                 # updating this user's devices.
                 lock=False,
             )
 
-        txn.call_after(self._get_cached_user_device.invalidate, (user_id, device_id,))
+        txn.call_after(self._get_cached_user_device.invalidate, (user_id, device_id))
         txn.call_after(self._get_cached_devices_for_user.invalidate, (user_id,))
         txn.call_after(
             self.get_device_list_last_stream_id_for_remote.invalidate, (user_id,)
@@ -595,13 +587,8 @@ class DeviceStore(DeviceWorkerStore, BackgroundUpdateStore):
         self._simple_upsert_txn(
             txn,
             table="device_lists_remote_extremeties",
-            keyvalues={
-                "user_id": user_id,
-            },
-            values={
-                "stream_id": stream_id,
-            },
-
+            keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
+            values={"stream_id": stream_id},
             # again, we can assume we are the only thread updating this user's
             # extremity.
             lock=False,
@@ -624,17 +611,14 @@ class DeviceStore(DeviceWorkerStore, BackgroundUpdateStore):
         return self.runInteraction(
             "update_remote_device_list_cache",
             self._update_remote_device_list_cache_txn,
-            user_id, devices, stream_id,
+            user_id,
+            devices,
+            stream_id,
         )
 
-    def _update_remote_device_list_cache_txn(self, txn, user_id, devices,
-                                             stream_id):
+    def _update_remote_device_list_cache_txn(self, txn, user_id, devices, stream_id):
         self._simple_delete_txn(
-            txn,
-            table="device_lists_remote_cache",
-            keyvalues={
-                "user_id": user_id,
-            },
+            txn, table="device_lists_remote_cache", keyvalues={"user_id": user_id}
         )
 
         self._simple_insert_many_txn(
@@ -647,7 +631,7 @@ class DeviceStore(DeviceWorkerStore, BackgroundUpdateStore):
                     "content": json.dumps(content),
                 }
                 for content in devices
-            ]
+            ],
         )
 
         txn.call_after(self._get_cached_devices_for_user.invalidate, (user_id,))
@@ -659,13 +643,8 @@ class DeviceStore(DeviceWorkerStore, BackgroundUpdateStore):
         self._simple_upsert_txn(
             txn,
             table="device_lists_remote_extremeties",
-            keyvalues={
-                "user_id": user_id,
-            },
-            values={
-                "stream_id": stream_id,
-            },
-
+            keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
+            values={"stream_id": stream_id},
             # we don't need to lock, because we can assume we are the only thread
             # updating this user's extremity.
             lock=False,
@@ -678,8 +657,12 @@ class DeviceStore(DeviceWorkerStore, BackgroundUpdateStore):
         """
         with self._device_list_id_gen.get_next() as stream_id:
             yield self.runInteraction(
-                "add_device_change_to_streams", self._add_device_change_txn,
-                user_id, device_ids, hosts, stream_id,
+                "add_device_change_to_streams",
+                self._add_device_change_txn,
+                user_id,
+                device_ids,
+                hosts,
+                stream_id,
             )
         defer.returnValue(stream_id)
 
@@ -687,13 +670,13 @@ class DeviceStore(DeviceWorkerStore, BackgroundUpdateStore):
         now = self._clock.time_msec()
 
         txn.call_after(
-            self._device_list_stream_cache.entity_has_changed,
-            user_id, stream_id,
+            self._device_list_stream_cache.entity_has_changed, user_id, stream_id
         )
         for host in hosts:
             txn.call_after(
                 self._device_list_federation_stream_cache.entity_has_changed,
-                host, stream_id,
+                host,
+                stream_id,
             )
 
         # Delete older entries in the table, as we really only care about
@@ -703,20 +686,16 @@ class DeviceStore(DeviceWorkerStore, BackgroundUpdateStore):
             DELETE FROM device_lists_stream
             WHERE user_id = ? AND device_id = ? AND stream_id < ?
             """,
-            [(user_id, device_id, stream_id) for device_id in device_ids]
+            [(user_id, device_id, stream_id) for device_id in device_ids],
         )
 
         self._simple_insert_many_txn(
             txn,
             table="device_lists_stream",
             values=[
-                {
-                    "stream_id": stream_id,
-                    "user_id": user_id,
-                    "device_id": device_id,
-                }
+                {"stream_id": stream_id, "user_id": user_id, "device_id": device_id}
                 for device_id in device_ids
-            ]
+            ],
         )
 
         self._simple_insert_many_txn(
@@ -733,7 +712,7 @@ class DeviceStore(DeviceWorkerStore, BackgroundUpdateStore):
                 }
                 for destination in hosts
                 for device_id in device_ids
-            ]
+            ],
         )
 
     def _prune_old_outbound_device_pokes(self):
@@ -764,11 +743,7 @@ class DeviceStore(DeviceWorkerStore, BackgroundUpdateStore):
             """
 
             txn.executemany(
-                delete_sql,
-                (
-                    (yesterday, row[0], row[1], row[2])
-                    for row in rows
-                )
+                delete_sql, ((yesterday, row[0], row[1], row[2]) for row in rows)
             )
 
             # Since we've deleted unsent deltas, we need to remove the entry
@@ -792,12 +767,8 @@ class DeviceStore(DeviceWorkerStore, BackgroundUpdateStore):
     def _drop_device_list_streams_non_unique_indexes(self, progress, batch_size):
         def f(conn):
             txn = conn.cursor()
-            txn.execute(
-                "DROP INDEX IF EXISTS device_lists_remote_cache_id"
-            )
-            txn.execute(
-                "DROP INDEX IF EXISTS device_lists_remote_extremeties_id"
-            )
+            txn.execute("DROP INDEX IF EXISTS device_lists_remote_cache_id")
+            txn.execute("DROP INDEX IF EXISTS device_lists_remote_extremeties_id")
             txn.close()
 
         yield self.runWithConnection(f)
diff --git a/synapse/storage/directory.py b/synapse/storage/directory.py
index 61a029a53c..201bbd430c 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/directory.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/directory.py
@@ -22,10 +22,7 @@ from synapse.util.caches.descriptors import cached
 
 from ._base import SQLBaseStore
 
-RoomAliasMapping = namedtuple(
-    "RoomAliasMapping",
-    ("room_id", "room_alias", "servers",)
-)
+RoomAliasMapping = namedtuple("RoomAliasMapping", ("room_id", "room_alias", "servers"))
 
 
 class DirectoryWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
@@ -63,16 +60,12 @@ class DirectoryWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             defer.returnValue(None)
             return
 
-        defer.returnValue(
-            RoomAliasMapping(room_id, room_alias.to_string(), servers)
-        )
+        defer.returnValue(RoomAliasMapping(room_id, room_alias.to_string(), servers))
 
     def get_room_alias_creator(self, room_alias):
         return self._simple_select_one_onecol(
             table="room_aliases",
-            keyvalues={
-                "room_alias": room_alias,
-            },
+            keyvalues={"room_alias": room_alias},
             retcol="creator",
             desc="get_room_alias_creator",
         )
@@ -101,6 +94,7 @@ class DirectoryStore(DirectoryWorkerStore):
         Returns:
             Deferred
         """
+
         def alias_txn(txn):
             self._simple_insert_txn(
                 txn,
@@ -115,10 +109,10 @@ class DirectoryStore(DirectoryWorkerStore):
             self._simple_insert_many_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="room_alias_servers",
-                values=[{
-                    "room_alias": room_alias.to_string(),
-                    "server": server,
-                } for server in servers],
+                values=[
+                    {"room_alias": room_alias.to_string(), "server": server}
+                    for server in servers
+                ],
             )
 
             self._invalidate_cache_and_stream(
@@ -126,9 +120,7 @@ class DirectoryStore(DirectoryWorkerStore):
             )
 
         try:
-            ret = yield self.runInteraction(
-                "create_room_alias_association", alias_txn
-            )
+            ret = yield self.runInteraction("create_room_alias_association", alias_txn)
         except self.database_engine.module.IntegrityError:
             raise SynapseError(
                 409, "Room alias %s already exists" % room_alias.to_string()
@@ -138,9 +130,7 @@ class DirectoryStore(DirectoryWorkerStore):
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def delete_room_alias(self, room_alias):
         room_id = yield self.runInteraction(
-            "delete_room_alias",
-            self._delete_room_alias_txn,
-            room_alias,
+            "delete_room_alias", self._delete_room_alias_txn, room_alias
         )
 
         defer.returnValue(room_id)
@@ -148,7 +138,7 @@ class DirectoryStore(DirectoryWorkerStore):
     def _delete_room_alias_txn(self, txn, room_alias):
         txn.execute(
             "SELECT room_id FROM room_aliases WHERE room_alias = ?",
-            (room_alias.to_string(),)
+            (room_alias.to_string(),),
         )
 
         res = txn.fetchone()
@@ -158,31 +148,29 @@ class DirectoryStore(DirectoryWorkerStore):
             return None
 
         txn.execute(
-            "DELETE FROM room_aliases WHERE room_alias = ?",
-            (room_alias.to_string(),)
+            "DELETE FROM room_aliases WHERE room_alias = ?", (room_alias.to_string(),)
         )
 
         txn.execute(
             "DELETE FROM room_alias_servers WHERE room_alias = ?",
-            (room_alias.to_string(),)
+            (room_alias.to_string(),),
         )
 
-        self._invalidate_cache_and_stream(
-            txn, self.get_aliases_for_room, (room_id,)
-        )
+        self._invalidate_cache_and_stream(txn, self.get_aliases_for_room, (room_id,))
 
         return room_id
 
     def update_aliases_for_room(self, old_room_id, new_room_id, creator):
         def _update_aliases_for_room_txn(txn):
             sql = "UPDATE room_aliases SET room_id = ?, creator = ? WHERE room_id = ?"
-            txn.execute(sql, (new_room_id, creator, old_room_id,))
+            txn.execute(sql, (new_room_id, creator, old_room_id))
             self._invalidate_cache_and_stream(
                 txn, self.get_aliases_for_room, (old_room_id,)
             )
             self._invalidate_cache_and_stream(
                 txn, self.get_aliases_for_room, (new_room_id,)
             )
+
         return self.runInteraction(
             "_update_aliases_for_room_txn", _update_aliases_for_room_txn
         )
diff --git a/synapse/storage/e2e_room_keys.py b/synapse/storage/e2e_room_keys.py
index 9a3aec759e..521936e3b0 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/e2e_room_keys.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/e2e_room_keys.py
@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@ from ._base import SQLBaseStore
 
 
 class EndToEndRoomKeyStore(SQLBaseStore):
-
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_e2e_room_key(self, user_id, version, room_id, session_id):
         """Get the encrypted E2E room key for a given session from a given
@@ -97,9 +96,7 @@ class EndToEndRoomKeyStore(SQLBaseStore):
         )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def get_e2e_room_keys(
-        self, user_id, version, room_id=None, session_id=None
-    ):
+    def get_e2e_room_keys(self, user_id, version, room_id=None, session_id=None):
         """Bulk get the E2E room keys for a given backup, optionally filtered to a given
         room, or a given session.
 
@@ -123,10 +120,7 @@ class EndToEndRoomKeyStore(SQLBaseStore):
         except ValueError:
             defer.returnValue({'rooms': {}})
 
-        keyvalues = {
-            "user_id": user_id,
-            "version": version,
-        }
+        keyvalues = {"user_id": user_id, "version": version}
         if room_id:
             keyvalues['room_id'] = room_id
             if session_id:
@@ -160,9 +154,7 @@ class EndToEndRoomKeyStore(SQLBaseStore):
         defer.returnValue(sessions)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def delete_e2e_room_keys(
-        self, user_id, version, room_id=None, session_id=None
-    ):
+    def delete_e2e_room_keys(self, user_id, version, room_id=None, session_id=None):
         """Bulk delete the E2E room keys for a given backup, optionally filtered to a given
         room or a given session.
 
@@ -180,19 +172,14 @@ class EndToEndRoomKeyStore(SQLBaseStore):
             A deferred of the deletion transaction
         """
 
-        keyvalues = {
-            "user_id": user_id,
-            "version": int(version),
-        }
+        keyvalues = {"user_id": user_id, "version": int(version)}
         if room_id:
             keyvalues['room_id'] = room_id
             if session_id:
                 keyvalues['session_id'] = session_id
 
         yield self._simple_delete(
-            table="e2e_room_keys",
-            keyvalues=keyvalues,
-            desc="delete_e2e_room_keys",
+            table="e2e_room_keys", keyvalues=keyvalues, desc="delete_e2e_room_keys"
         )
 
     @staticmethod
@@ -200,7 +187,7 @@ class EndToEndRoomKeyStore(SQLBaseStore):
         txn.execute(
             "SELECT MAX(version) FROM e2e_room_keys_versions "
             "WHERE user_id=? AND deleted=0",
-            (user_id,)
+            (user_id,),
         )
         row = txn.fetchone()
         if not row:
@@ -238,24 +225,15 @@ class EndToEndRoomKeyStore(SQLBaseStore):
             result = self._simple_select_one_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="e2e_room_keys_versions",
-                keyvalues={
-                    "user_id": user_id,
-                    "version": this_version,
-                    "deleted": 0,
-                },
-                retcols=(
-                    "version",
-                    "algorithm",
-                    "auth_data",
-                ),
+                keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "version": this_version, "deleted": 0},
+                retcols=("version", "algorithm", "auth_data"),
             )
             result["auth_data"] = json.loads(result["auth_data"])
             result["version"] = str(result["version"])
             return result
 
         return self.runInteraction(
-            "get_e2e_room_keys_version_info",
-            _get_e2e_room_keys_version_info_txn
+            "get_e2e_room_keys_version_info", _get_e2e_room_keys_version_info_txn
         )
 
     def create_e2e_room_keys_version(self, user_id, info):
@@ -273,7 +251,7 @@ class EndToEndRoomKeyStore(SQLBaseStore):
         def _create_e2e_room_keys_version_txn(txn):
             txn.execute(
                 "SELECT MAX(version) FROM e2e_room_keys_versions WHERE user_id=?",
-                (user_id,)
+                (user_id,),
             )
             current_version = txn.fetchone()[0]
             if current_version is None:
@@ -309,14 +287,9 @@ class EndToEndRoomKeyStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
         return self._simple_update(
             table="e2e_room_keys_versions",
-            keyvalues={
-                "user_id": user_id,
-                "version": version,
-            },
-            updatevalues={
-                "auth_data": json.dumps(info["auth_data"]),
-            },
-            desc="update_e2e_room_keys_version"
+            keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "version": version},
+            updatevalues={"auth_data": json.dumps(info["auth_data"])},
+            desc="update_e2e_room_keys_version",
         )
 
     def delete_e2e_room_keys_version(self, user_id, version=None):
@@ -341,16 +314,10 @@ class EndToEndRoomKeyStore(SQLBaseStore):
             return self._simple_update_one_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="e2e_room_keys_versions",
-                keyvalues={
-                    "user_id": user_id,
-                    "version": this_version,
-                },
-                updatevalues={
-                    "deleted": 1,
-                }
+                keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "version": this_version},
+                updatevalues={"deleted": 1},
             )
 
         return self.runInteraction(
-            "delete_e2e_room_keys_version",
-            _delete_e2e_room_keys_version_txn
+            "delete_e2e_room_keys_version", _delete_e2e_room_keys_version_txn
         )
diff --git a/synapse/storage/end_to_end_keys.py b/synapse/storage/end_to_end_keys.py
index e381e472a2..2fabb9e2cb 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/end_to_end_keys.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/end_to_end_keys.py
@@ -26,8 +26,7 @@ from ._base import SQLBaseStore, db_to_json
 class EndToEndKeyWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_e2e_device_keys(
-        self, query_list, include_all_devices=False,
-        include_deleted_devices=False,
+        self, query_list, include_all_devices=False, include_deleted_devices=False
     ):
         """Fetch a list of device keys.
         Args:
@@ -45,8 +44,11 @@ class EndToEndKeyWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             defer.returnValue({})
 
         results = yield self.runInteraction(
-            "get_e2e_device_keys", self._get_e2e_device_keys_txn,
-            query_list, include_all_devices, include_deleted_devices,
+            "get_e2e_device_keys",
+            self._get_e2e_device_keys_txn,
+            query_list,
+            include_all_devices,
+            include_deleted_devices,
         )
 
         for user_id, device_keys in iteritems(results):
@@ -56,8 +58,7 @@ class EndToEndKeyWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         defer.returnValue(results)
 
     def _get_e2e_device_keys_txn(
-        self, txn, query_list, include_all_devices=False,
-        include_deleted_devices=False,
+        self, txn, query_list, include_all_devices=False, include_deleted_devices=False
     ):
         query_clauses = []
         query_params = []
@@ -87,7 +88,7 @@ class EndToEndKeyWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             " WHERE %s"
         ) % (
             "LEFT" if include_all_devices else "INNER",
-            " OR ".join("(" + q + ")" for q in query_clauses)
+            " OR ".join("(" + q + ")" for q in query_clauses),
         )
 
         txn.execute(sql, query_params)
@@ -124,17 +125,14 @@ class EndToEndKeyWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             table="e2e_one_time_keys_json",
             column="key_id",
             iterable=key_ids,
-            retcols=("algorithm", "key_id", "key_json",),
-            keyvalues={
-                "user_id": user_id,
-                "device_id": device_id,
-            },
+            retcols=("algorithm", "key_id", "key_json"),
+            keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "device_id": device_id},
             desc="add_e2e_one_time_keys_check",
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue({
-            (row["algorithm"], row["key_id"]): row["key_json"] for row in rows
-        })
+        defer.returnValue(
+            {(row["algorithm"], row["key_id"]): row["key_json"] for row in rows}
+        )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def add_e2e_one_time_keys(self, user_id, device_id, time_now, new_keys):
@@ -155,7 +153,8 @@ class EndToEndKeyWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             # `add_e2e_one_time_keys` then they'll conflict and we will only
             # insert one set.
             self._simple_insert_many_txn(
-                txn, table="e2e_one_time_keys_json",
+                txn,
+                table="e2e_one_time_keys_json",
                 values=[
                     {
                         "user_id": user_id,
@@ -169,8 +168,9 @@ class EndToEndKeyWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 ],
             )
             self._invalidate_cache_and_stream(
-                txn, self.count_e2e_one_time_keys, (user_id, device_id,)
+                txn, self.count_e2e_one_time_keys, (user_id, device_id)
             )
+
         yield self.runInteraction(
             "add_e2e_one_time_keys_insert", _add_e2e_one_time_keys
         )
@@ -181,6 +181,7 @@ class EndToEndKeyWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         Returns:
             Dict mapping from algorithm to number of keys for that algorithm.
         """
+
         def _count_e2e_one_time_keys(txn):
             sql = (
                 "SELECT algorithm, COUNT(key_id) FROM e2e_one_time_keys_json"
@@ -192,9 +193,8 @@ class EndToEndKeyWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             for algorithm, key_count in txn:
                 result[algorithm] = key_count
             return result
-        return self.runInteraction(
-            "count_e2e_one_time_keys", _count_e2e_one_time_keys
-        )
+
+        return self.runInteraction("count_e2e_one_time_keys", _count_e2e_one_time_keys)
 
 
 class EndToEndKeyStore(EndToEndKeyWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
@@ -202,14 +202,12 @@ class EndToEndKeyStore(EndToEndKeyWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
         """Stores device keys for a device. Returns whether there was a change
         or the keys were already in the database.
         """
+
         def _set_e2e_device_keys_txn(txn):
             old_key_json = self._simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="e2e_device_keys_json",
-                keyvalues={
-                    "user_id": user_id,
-                    "device_id": device_id,
-                },
+                keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "device_id": device_id},
                 retcol="key_json",
                 allow_none=True,
             )
@@ -224,24 +222,17 @@ class EndToEndKeyStore(EndToEndKeyWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
             self._simple_upsert_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="e2e_device_keys_json",
-                keyvalues={
-                    "user_id": user_id,
-                    "device_id": device_id,
-                },
-                values={
-                    "ts_added_ms": time_now,
-                    "key_json": new_key_json,
-                }
+                keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "device_id": device_id},
+                values={"ts_added_ms": time_now, "key_json": new_key_json},
             )
 
             return True
 
-        return self.runInteraction(
-            "set_e2e_device_keys", _set_e2e_device_keys_txn
-        )
+        return self.runInteraction("set_e2e_device_keys", _set_e2e_device_keys_txn)
 
     def claim_e2e_one_time_keys(self, query_list):
         """Take a list of one time keys out of the database"""
+
         def _claim_e2e_one_time_keys(txn):
             sql = (
                 "SELECT key_id, key_json FROM e2e_one_time_keys_json"
@@ -265,12 +256,11 @@ class EndToEndKeyStore(EndToEndKeyWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
             for user_id, device_id, algorithm, key_id in delete:
                 txn.execute(sql, (user_id, device_id, algorithm, key_id))
                 self._invalidate_cache_and_stream(
-                    txn, self.count_e2e_one_time_keys, (user_id, device_id,)
+                    txn, self.count_e2e_one_time_keys, (user_id, device_id)
                 )
             return result
-        return self.runInteraction(
-            "claim_e2e_one_time_keys", _claim_e2e_one_time_keys
-        )
+
+        return self.runInteraction("claim_e2e_one_time_keys", _claim_e2e_one_time_keys)
 
     def delete_e2e_keys_by_device(self, user_id, device_id):
         def delete_e2e_keys_by_device_txn(txn):
@@ -285,8 +275,9 @@ class EndToEndKeyStore(EndToEndKeyWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
                 keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "device_id": device_id},
             )
             self._invalidate_cache_and_stream(
-                txn, self.count_e2e_one_time_keys, (user_id, device_id,)
+                txn, self.count_e2e_one_time_keys, (user_id, device_id)
             )
+
         return self.runInteraction(
             "delete_e2e_keys_by_device", delete_e2e_keys_by_device_txn
         )
diff --git a/synapse/storage/engines/__init__.py b/synapse/storage/engines/__init__.py
index ff5ef97ca8..9d2d519922 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/engines/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/engines/__init__.py
@@ -20,10 +20,7 @@ from ._base import IncorrectDatabaseSetup
 from .postgres import PostgresEngine
 from .sqlite import Sqlite3Engine
 
-SUPPORTED_MODULE = {
-    "sqlite3": Sqlite3Engine,
-    "psycopg2": PostgresEngine,
-}
+SUPPORTED_MODULE = {"sqlite3": Sqlite3Engine, "psycopg2": PostgresEngine}
 
 
 def create_engine(database_config):
@@ -32,15 +29,12 @@ def create_engine(database_config):
 
     if engine_class:
         # pypy requires psycopg2cffi rather than psycopg2
-        if (name == "psycopg2" and
-                platform.python_implementation() == "PyPy"):
+        if name == "psycopg2" and platform.python_implementation() == "PyPy":
             name = "psycopg2cffi"
         module = importlib.import_module(name)
         return engine_class(module, database_config)
 
-    raise RuntimeError(
-        "Unsupported database engine '%s'" % (name,)
-    )
+    raise RuntimeError("Unsupported database engine '%s'" % (name,))
 
 
 __all__ = ["create_engine", "IncorrectDatabaseSetup"]
diff --git a/synapse/storage/engines/postgres.py b/synapse/storage/engines/postgres.py
index dc3238501c..1b97ee74e3 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/engines/postgres.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/engines/postgres.py
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ class PostgresEngine(object):
         self.module = database_module
         self.module.extensions.register_type(self.module.extensions.UNICODE)
         self.synchronous_commit = database_config.get("synchronous_commit", True)
-        self._version = None   # unknown as yet
+        self._version = None  # unknown as yet
 
     def check_database(self, txn):
         txn.execute("SHOW SERVER_ENCODING")
@@ -31,8 +31,7 @@ class PostgresEngine(object):
         if rows and rows[0][0] != "UTF8":
             raise IncorrectDatabaseSetup(
                 "Database has incorrect encoding: '%s' instead of 'UTF8'\n"
-                "See docs/postgres.rst for more information."
-                % (rows[0][0],)
+                "See docs/postgres.rst for more information." % (rows[0][0],)
             )
 
     def convert_param_style(self, sql):
@@ -103,12 +102,6 @@ class PostgresEngine(object):
 
         # https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/libpq-status.html#LIBPQ-PQSERVERVERSION
         if numver >= 100000:
-            return "%i.%i" % (
-                numver / 10000, numver % 10000,
-            )
+            return "%i.%i" % (numver / 10000, numver % 10000)
         else:
-            return "%i.%i.%i" % (
-                numver / 10000,
-                (numver % 10000) / 100,
-                numver % 100,
-            )
+            return "%i.%i.%i" % (numver / 10000, (numver % 10000) / 100, numver % 100)
diff --git a/synapse/storage/engines/sqlite.py b/synapse/storage/engines/sqlite.py
index 1bcd5b99a4..933bcf42c2 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/engines/sqlite.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/engines/sqlite.py
@@ -82,9 +82,10 @@ class Sqlite3Engine(object):
 
 # Following functions taken from: https://github.com/coleifer/peewee
 
+
 def _parse_match_info(buf):
     bufsize = len(buf)
-    return [struct.unpack('@I', buf[i:i + 4])[0] for i in range(0, bufsize, 4)]
+    return [struct.unpack('@I', buf[i : i + 4])[0] for i in range(0, bufsize, 4)]
 
 
 def _rank(raw_match_info):
@@ -98,7 +99,7 @@ def _rank(raw_match_info):
         phrase_info_idx = 2 + (phrase_num * c * 3)
         for col_num in range(c):
             col_idx = phrase_info_idx + (col_num * 3)
-            x1, x2 = match_info[col_idx:col_idx + 2]
+            x1, x2 = match_info[col_idx : col_idx + 2]
             if x1 > 0:
                 score += float(x1) / x2
     return score
diff --git a/synapse/storage/event_federation.py b/synapse/storage/event_federation.py
index a8d90456e3..956f876572 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/event_federation.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/event_federation.py
@@ -32,8 +32,7 @@ from synapse.util.caches.descriptors import cached
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
-class EventFederationWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SignatureWorkerStore,
-                                 SQLBaseStore):
+class EventFederationWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SignatureWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
     def get_auth_chain(self, event_ids, include_given=False):
         """Get auth events for given event_ids. The events *must* be state events.
 
@@ -45,7 +44,7 @@ class EventFederationWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SignatureWorkerStore,
             list of events
         """
         return self.get_auth_chain_ids(
-            event_ids, include_given=include_given,
+            event_ids, include_given=include_given
         ).addCallback(self._get_events)
 
     def get_auth_chain_ids(self, event_ids, include_given=False):
@@ -59,9 +58,7 @@ class EventFederationWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SignatureWorkerStore,
             list of event_ids
         """
         return self.runInteraction(
-            "get_auth_chain_ids",
-            self._get_auth_chain_ids_txn,
-            event_ids, include_given
+            "get_auth_chain_ids", self._get_auth_chain_ids_txn, event_ids, include_given
         )
 
     def _get_auth_chain_ids_txn(self, txn, event_ids, include_given):
@@ -70,23 +67,15 @@ class EventFederationWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SignatureWorkerStore,
         else:
             results = set()
 
-        base_sql = (
-            "SELECT auth_id FROM event_auth WHERE event_id IN (%s)"
-        )
+        base_sql = "SELECT auth_id FROM event_auth WHERE event_id IN (%s)"
 
         front = set(event_ids)
         while front:
             new_front = set()
             front_list = list(front)
-            chunks = [
-                front_list[x:x + 100]
-                for x in range(0, len(front), 100)
-            ]
+            chunks = [front_list[x : x + 100] for x in range(0, len(front), 100)]
             for chunk in chunks:
-                txn.execute(
-                    base_sql % (",".join(["?"] * len(chunk)),),
-                    chunk
-                )
+                txn.execute(base_sql % (",".join(["?"] * len(chunk)),), chunk)
                 new_front.update([r[0] for r in txn])
 
             new_front -= results
@@ -98,9 +87,7 @@ class EventFederationWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SignatureWorkerStore,
 
     def get_oldest_events_in_room(self, room_id):
         return self.runInteraction(
-            "get_oldest_events_in_room",
-            self._get_oldest_events_in_room_txn,
-            room_id,
+            "get_oldest_events_in_room", self._get_oldest_events_in_room_txn, room_id
         )
 
     def get_oldest_events_with_depth_in_room(self, room_id):
@@ -121,7 +108,7 @@ class EventFederationWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SignatureWorkerStore,
             " GROUP BY b.event_id"
         )
 
-        txn.execute(sql, (room_id, False,))
+        txn.execute(sql, (room_id, False))
 
         return dict(txn)
 
@@ -152,9 +139,7 @@ class EventFederationWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SignatureWorkerStore,
         return self._simple_select_onecol_txn(
             txn,
             table="event_backward_extremities",
-            keyvalues={
-                "room_id": room_id,
-            },
+            keyvalues={"room_id": room_id},
             retcol="event_id",
         )
 
@@ -209,9 +194,7 @@ class EventFederationWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SignatureWorkerStore,
     def get_latest_event_ids_in_room(self, room_id):
         return self._simple_select_onecol(
             table="event_forward_extremities",
-            keyvalues={
-                "room_id": room_id,
-            },
+            keyvalues={"room_id": room_id},
             retcol="event_id",
             desc="get_latest_event_ids_in_room",
         )
@@ -225,14 +208,13 @@ class EventFederationWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SignatureWorkerStore,
             "WHERE f.room_id = ?"
         )
 
-        txn.execute(sql, (room_id, ))
+        txn.execute(sql, (room_id,))
 
         results = []
         for event_id, depth in txn.fetchall():
             hashes = self._get_event_reference_hashes_txn(txn, event_id)
             prev_hashes = {
-                k: encode_base64(v) for k, v in hashes.items()
-                if k == "sha256"
+                k: encode_base64(v) for k, v in hashes.items() if k == "sha256"
             }
             results.append((event_id, prev_hashes, depth))
 
@@ -242,9 +224,7 @@ class EventFederationWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SignatureWorkerStore,
         """ For hte given room, get the minimum depth we have seen for it.
         """
         return self.runInteraction(
-            "get_min_depth",
-            self._get_min_depth_interaction,
-            room_id,
+            "get_min_depth", self._get_min_depth_interaction, room_id
         )
 
     def _get_min_depth_interaction(self, txn, room_id):
@@ -300,7 +280,7 @@ class EventFederationWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SignatureWorkerStore,
         if stream_ordering <= self.stream_ordering_month_ago:
             raise StoreError(400, "stream_ordering too old")
 
-        sql = ("""
+        sql = """
                 SELECT event_id FROM stream_ordering_to_exterm
                 INNER JOIN (
                     SELECT room_id, MAX(stream_ordering) AS stream_ordering
@@ -308,15 +288,14 @@ class EventFederationWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SignatureWorkerStore,
                     WHERE stream_ordering <= ? GROUP BY room_id
                 ) AS rms USING (room_id, stream_ordering)
                 WHERE room_id = ?
-        """)
+        """
 
         def get_forward_extremeties_for_room_txn(txn):
             txn.execute(sql, (stream_ordering, room_id))
             return [event_id for event_id, in txn]
 
         return self.runInteraction(
-            "get_forward_extremeties_for_room",
-            get_forward_extremeties_for_room_txn
+            "get_forward_extremeties_for_room", get_forward_extremeties_for_room_txn
         )
 
     def get_backfill_events(self, room_id, event_list, limit):
@@ -329,19 +308,21 @@ class EventFederationWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SignatureWorkerStore,
             event_list (list)
             limit (int)
         """
-        return self.runInteraction(
-            "get_backfill_events",
-            self._get_backfill_events, room_id, event_list, limit
-        ).addCallback(
-            self._get_events
-        ).addCallback(
-            lambda l: sorted(l, key=lambda e: -e.depth)
+        return (
+            self.runInteraction(
+                "get_backfill_events",
+                self._get_backfill_events,
+                room_id,
+                event_list,
+                limit,
+            )
+            .addCallback(self._get_events)
+            .addCallback(lambda l: sorted(l, key=lambda e: -e.depth))
         )
 
     def _get_backfill_events(self, txn, room_id, event_list, limit):
         logger.debug(
-            "_get_backfill_events: %s, %s, %s",
-            room_id, repr(event_list), limit
+            "_get_backfill_events: %s, %s, %s", room_id, repr(event_list), limit
         )
 
         event_results = set()
@@ -364,10 +345,7 @@ class EventFederationWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SignatureWorkerStore,
             depth = self._simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="events",
-                keyvalues={
-                    "event_id": event_id,
-                    "room_id": room_id,
-                },
+                keyvalues={"event_id": event_id, "room_id": room_id},
                 retcol="depth",
                 allow_none=True,
             )
@@ -386,10 +364,7 @@ class EventFederationWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SignatureWorkerStore,
 
             event_results.add(event_id)
 
-            txn.execute(
-                query,
-                (event_id, False, limit - len(event_results))
-            )
+            txn.execute(query, (event_id, False, limit - len(event_results)))
 
             for row in txn:
                 if row[1] not in event_results:
@@ -398,18 +373,19 @@ class EventFederationWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SignatureWorkerStore,
         return event_results
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def get_missing_events(self, room_id, earliest_events, latest_events,
-                           limit):
+    def get_missing_events(self, room_id, earliest_events, latest_events, limit):
         ids = yield self.runInteraction(
             "get_missing_events",
             self._get_missing_events,
-            room_id, earliest_events, latest_events, limit,
+            room_id,
+            earliest_events,
+            latest_events,
+            limit,
         )
         events = yield self._get_events(ids)
         defer.returnValue(events)
 
-    def _get_missing_events(self, txn, room_id, earliest_events, latest_events,
-                            limit):
+    def _get_missing_events(self, txn, room_id, earliest_events, latest_events, limit):
 
         seen_events = set(earliest_events)
         front = set(latest_events) - seen_events
@@ -425,8 +401,7 @@ class EventFederationWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SignatureWorkerStore,
             new_front = set()
             for event_id in front:
                 txn.execute(
-                    query,
-                    (room_id, event_id, False, limit - len(event_results))
+                    query, (room_id, event_id, False, limit - len(event_results))
                 )
 
                 new_results = set(t[0] for t in txn) - seen_events
@@ -457,12 +432,10 @@ class EventFederationWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SignatureWorkerStore,
             column="prev_event_id",
             iterable=event_ids,
             retcols=("event_id",),
-            desc="get_successor_events"
+            desc="get_successor_events",
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue([
-            row["event_id"] for row in rows
-        ])
+        defer.returnValue([row["event_id"] for row in rows])
 
 
 class EventFederationStore(EventFederationWorkerStore):
@@ -481,12 +454,11 @@ class EventFederationStore(EventFederationWorkerStore):
         super(EventFederationStore, self).__init__(db_conn, hs)
 
         self.register_background_update_handler(
-            self.EVENT_AUTH_STATE_ONLY,
-            self._background_delete_non_state_event_auth,
+            self.EVENT_AUTH_STATE_ONLY, self._background_delete_non_state_event_auth
         )
 
         hs.get_clock().looping_call(
-            self._delete_old_forward_extrem_cache, 60 * 60 * 1000,
+            self._delete_old_forward_extrem_cache, 60 * 60 * 1000
         )
 
     def _update_min_depth_for_room_txn(self, txn, room_id, depth):
@@ -498,12 +470,8 @@ class EventFederationStore(EventFederationWorkerStore):
         self._simple_upsert_txn(
             txn,
             table="room_depth",
-            keyvalues={
-                "room_id": room_id,
-            },
-            values={
-                "min_depth": depth,
-            },
+            keyvalues={"room_id": room_id},
+            values={"min_depth": depth},
         )
 
     def _handle_mult_prev_events(self, txn, events):
@@ -553,11 +521,15 @@ class EventFederationStore(EventFederationWorkerStore):
             " )"
         )
 
-        txn.executemany(query, [
-            (e_id, ev.room_id, e_id, ev.room_id, e_id, ev.room_id, False)
-            for ev in events for e_id in ev.prev_event_ids()
-            if not ev.internal_metadata.is_outlier()
-        ])
+        txn.executemany(
+            query,
+            [
+                (e_id, ev.room_id, e_id, ev.room_id, e_id, ev.room_id, False)
+                for ev in events
+                for e_id in ev.prev_event_ids()
+                if not ev.internal_metadata.is_outlier()
+            ],
+        )
 
         query = (
             "DELETE FROM event_backward_extremities"
@@ -566,16 +538,17 @@ class EventFederationStore(EventFederationWorkerStore):
         txn.executemany(
             query,
             [
-                (ev.event_id, ev.room_id) for ev in events
+                (ev.event_id, ev.room_id)
+                for ev in events
                 if not ev.internal_metadata.is_outlier()
-            ]
+            ],
         )
 
     def _delete_old_forward_extrem_cache(self):
         def _delete_old_forward_extrem_cache_txn(txn):
             # Delete entries older than a month, while making sure we don't delete
             # the only entries for a room.
-            sql = ("""
+            sql = """
                 DELETE FROM stream_ordering_to_exterm
                 WHERE
                 room_id IN (
@@ -583,11 +556,11 @@ class EventFederationStore(EventFederationWorkerStore):
                     FROM stream_ordering_to_exterm
                     WHERE stream_ordering > ?
                 ) AND stream_ordering < ?
-            """)
+            """
             txn.execute(
-                sql,
-                (self.stream_ordering_month_ago, self.stream_ordering_month_ago,)
+                sql, (self.stream_ordering_month_ago, self.stream_ordering_month_ago)
             )
+
         return run_as_background_process(
             "delete_old_forward_extrem_cache",
             self.runInteraction,
@@ -597,9 +570,7 @@ class EventFederationStore(EventFederationWorkerStore):
 
     def clean_room_for_join(self, room_id):
         return self.runInteraction(
-            "clean_room_for_join",
-            self._clean_room_for_join_txn,
-            room_id,
+            "clean_room_for_join", self._clean_room_for_join_txn, room_id
         )
 
     def _clean_room_for_join_txn(self, txn, room_id):
@@ -635,7 +606,7 @@ class EventFederationStore(EventFederationWorkerStore):
                 )
             """
 
-            txn.execute(sql, (min_stream_id, max_stream_id,))
+            txn.execute(sql, (min_stream_id, max_stream_id))
 
             new_progress = {
                 "target_min_stream_id_inclusive": target_min_stream_id,
diff --git a/synapse/storage/event_push_actions.py b/synapse/storage/event_push_actions.py
index 6840320641..a729f3e067 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/event_push_actions.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/event_push_actions.py
@@ -31,7 +31,9 @@ logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 DEFAULT_NOTIF_ACTION = ["notify", {"set_tweak": "highlight", "value": False}]
 DEFAULT_HIGHLIGHT_ACTION = [
-    "notify", {"set_tweak": "sound", "value": "default"}, {"set_tweak": "highlight"}
+    "notify",
+    {"set_tweak": "sound", "value": "default"},
+    {"set_tweak": "highlight"},
 ]
 
 
@@ -91,25 +93,26 @@ class EventPushActionsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
     @cachedInlineCallbacks(num_args=3, tree=True, max_entries=5000)
     def get_unread_event_push_actions_by_room_for_user(
-            self, room_id, user_id, last_read_event_id
+        self, room_id, user_id, last_read_event_id
     ):
         ret = yield self.runInteraction(
             "get_unread_event_push_actions_by_room",
             self._get_unread_counts_by_receipt_txn,
-            room_id, user_id, last_read_event_id
+            room_id,
+            user_id,
+            last_read_event_id,
         )
         defer.returnValue(ret)
 
-    def _get_unread_counts_by_receipt_txn(self, txn, room_id, user_id,
-                                          last_read_event_id):
+    def _get_unread_counts_by_receipt_txn(
+        self, txn, room_id, user_id, last_read_event_id
+    ):
         sql = (
             "SELECT stream_ordering"
             " FROM events"
             " WHERE room_id = ? AND event_id = ?"
         )
-        txn.execute(
-            sql, (room_id, last_read_event_id)
-        )
+        txn.execute(sql, (room_id, last_read_event_id))
         results = txn.fetchall()
         if len(results) == 0:
             return {"notify_count": 0, "highlight_count": 0}
@@ -138,10 +141,13 @@ class EventPushActionsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         row = txn.fetchone()
         notify_count = row[0] if row else 0
 
-        txn.execute("""
+        txn.execute(
+            """
             SELECT notif_count FROM event_push_summary
             WHERE room_id = ? AND user_id = ? AND stream_ordering > ?
-        """, (room_id, user_id, stream_ordering,))
+        """,
+            (room_id, user_id, stream_ordering),
+        )
         rows = txn.fetchall()
         if rows:
             notify_count += rows[0][0]
@@ -161,10 +167,7 @@ class EventPushActionsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         row = txn.fetchone()
         highlight_count = row[0] if row else 0
 
-        return {
-            "notify_count": notify_count,
-            "highlight_count": highlight_count,
-        }
+        return {"notify_count": notify_count, "highlight_count": highlight_count}
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_push_action_users_in_range(self, min_stream_ordering, max_stream_ordering):
@@ -175,6 +178,7 @@ class EventPushActionsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             )
             txn.execute(sql, (min_stream_ordering, max_stream_ordering))
             return [r[0] for r in txn]
+
         ret = yield self.runInteraction("get_push_action_users_in_range", f)
         defer.returnValue(ret)
 
@@ -223,12 +227,10 @@ class EventPushActionsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 "   AND ep.stream_ordering <= ?"
                 " ORDER BY ep.stream_ordering ASC LIMIT ?"
             )
-            args = [
-                user_id, user_id,
-                min_stream_ordering, max_stream_ordering, limit,
-            ]
+            args = [user_id, user_id, min_stream_ordering, max_stream_ordering, limit]
             txn.execute(sql, args)
             return txn.fetchall()
+
         after_read_receipt = yield self.runInteraction(
             "get_unread_push_actions_for_user_in_range_http_arr", get_after_receipt
         )
@@ -253,12 +255,10 @@ class EventPushActionsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 "   AND ep.stream_ordering <= ?"
                 " ORDER BY ep.stream_ordering ASC LIMIT ?"
             )
-            args = [
-                user_id, user_id,
-                min_stream_ordering, max_stream_ordering, limit,
-            ]
+            args = [user_id, user_id, min_stream_ordering, max_stream_ordering, limit]
             txn.execute(sql, args)
             return txn.fetchall()
+
         no_read_receipt = yield self.runInteraction(
             "get_unread_push_actions_for_user_in_range_http_nrr", get_no_receipt
         )
@@ -269,7 +269,8 @@ class EventPushActionsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 "room_id": row[1],
                 "stream_ordering": row[2],
                 "actions": _deserialize_action(row[3], row[4]),
-            } for row in after_read_receipt + no_read_receipt
+            }
+            for row in after_read_receipt + no_read_receipt
         ]
 
         # Now sort it so it's ordered correctly, since currently it will
@@ -326,12 +327,10 @@ class EventPushActionsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 "   AND ep.stream_ordering <= ?"
                 " ORDER BY ep.stream_ordering DESC LIMIT ?"
             )
-            args = [
-                user_id, user_id,
-                min_stream_ordering, max_stream_ordering, limit,
-            ]
+            args = [user_id, user_id, min_stream_ordering, max_stream_ordering, limit]
             txn.execute(sql, args)
             return txn.fetchall()
+
         after_read_receipt = yield self.runInteraction(
             "get_unread_push_actions_for_user_in_range_email_arr", get_after_receipt
         )
@@ -356,12 +355,10 @@ class EventPushActionsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 "   AND ep.stream_ordering <= ?"
                 " ORDER BY ep.stream_ordering DESC LIMIT ?"
             )
-            args = [
-                user_id, user_id,
-                min_stream_ordering, max_stream_ordering, limit,
-            ]
+            args = [user_id, user_id, min_stream_ordering, max_stream_ordering, limit]
             txn.execute(sql, args)
             return txn.fetchall()
+
         no_read_receipt = yield self.runInteraction(
             "get_unread_push_actions_for_user_in_range_email_nrr", get_no_receipt
         )
@@ -374,7 +371,8 @@ class EventPushActionsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 "stream_ordering": row[2],
                 "actions": _deserialize_action(row[3], row[4]),
                 "received_ts": row[5],
-            } for row in after_read_receipt + no_read_receipt
+            }
+            for row in after_read_receipt + no_read_receipt
         ]
 
         # Now sort it so it's ordered correctly, since currently it will
@@ -386,6 +384,36 @@ class EventPushActionsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         # Now return the first `limit`
         defer.returnValue(notifs[:limit])
 
+    def get_if_maybe_push_in_range_for_user(self, user_id, min_stream_ordering):
+        """A fast check to see if there might be something to push for the
+        user since the given stream ordering. May return false positives.
+
+        Useful to know whether to bother starting a pusher on start up or not.
+
+        Args:
+            user_id (str)
+            min_stream_ordering (int)
+
+        Returns:
+            Deferred[bool]: True if there may be push to process, False if
+            there definitely isn't.
+        """
+
+        def _get_if_maybe_push_in_range_for_user_txn(txn):
+            sql = """
+                SELECT 1 FROM event_push_actions
+                WHERE user_id = ? AND stream_ordering > ?
+                LIMIT 1
+            """
+
+            txn.execute(sql, (user_id, min_stream_ordering))
+            return bool(txn.fetchone())
+
+        return self.runInteraction(
+            "get_if_maybe_push_in_range_for_user",
+            _get_if_maybe_push_in_range_for_user_txn,
+        )
+
     def add_push_actions_to_staging(self, event_id, user_id_actions):
         """Add the push actions for the event to the push action staging area.
 
@@ -424,10 +452,13 @@ class EventPushActionsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?)
             """
 
-            txn.executemany(sql, (
-                _gen_entry(user_id, actions)
-                for user_id, actions in iteritems(user_id_actions)
-            ))
+            txn.executemany(
+                sql,
+                (
+                    _gen_entry(user_id, actions)
+                    for user_id, actions in iteritems(user_id_actions)
+                ),
+            )
 
         return self.runInteraction(
             "add_push_actions_to_staging", _add_push_actions_to_staging_txn
@@ -445,9 +476,7 @@ class EventPushActionsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         try:
             res = yield self._simple_delete(
                 table="event_push_actions_staging",
-                keyvalues={
-                    "event_id": event_id,
-                },
+                keyvalues={"event_id": event_id},
                 desc="remove_push_actions_from_staging",
             )
             defer.returnValue(res)
@@ -456,7 +485,7 @@ class EventPushActionsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             # another exception here really isn't helpful - there's nothing
             # the caller can do about it. Just log the exception and move on.
             logger.exception(
-                "Error removing push actions after event persistence failure",
+                "Error removing push actions after event persistence failure"
             )
 
     def _find_stream_orderings_for_times(self):
@@ -473,16 +502,14 @@ class EventPushActionsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             txn, self._clock.time_msec() - 30 * 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000
         )
         logger.info(
-            "Found stream ordering 1 month ago: it's %d",
-            self.stream_ordering_month_ago
+            "Found stream ordering 1 month ago: it's %d", self.stream_ordering_month_ago
         )
         logger.info("Searching for stream ordering 1 day ago")
         self.stream_ordering_day_ago = self._find_first_stream_ordering_after_ts_txn(
             txn, self._clock.time_msec() - 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000
         )
         logger.info(
-            "Found stream ordering 1 day ago: it's %d",
-            self.stream_ordering_day_ago
+            "Found stream ordering 1 day ago: it's %d", self.stream_ordering_day_ago
         )
 
     def find_first_stream_ordering_after_ts(self, ts):
@@ -601,16 +628,17 @@ class EventPushActionsStore(EventPushActionsWorkerStore):
             index_name="event_push_actions_highlights_index",
             table="event_push_actions",
             columns=["user_id", "room_id", "topological_ordering", "stream_ordering"],
-            where_clause="highlight=1"
+            where_clause="highlight=1",
         )
 
         self._doing_notif_rotation = False
         self._rotate_notif_loop = self._clock.looping_call(
-            self._start_rotate_notifs, 30 * 60 * 1000,
+            self._start_rotate_notifs, 30 * 60 * 1000
         )
 
-    def _set_push_actions_for_event_and_users_txn(self, txn, events_and_contexts,
-                                                  all_events_and_contexts):
+    def _set_push_actions_for_event_and_users_txn(
+        self, txn, events_and_contexts, all_events_and_contexts
+    ):
         """Handles moving push actions from staging table to main
         event_push_actions table for all events in `events_and_contexts`.
 
@@ -637,43 +665,44 @@ class EventPushActionsStore(EventPushActionsWorkerStore):
         """
 
         if events_and_contexts:
-            txn.executemany(sql, (
+            txn.executemany(
+                sql,
                 (
-                    event.room_id, event.internal_metadata.stream_ordering,
-                    event.depth, event.event_id,
-                )
-                for event, _ in events_and_contexts
-            ))
+                    (
+                        event.room_id,
+                        event.internal_metadata.stream_ordering,
+                        event.depth,
+                        event.event_id,
+                    )
+                    for event, _ in events_and_contexts
+                ),
+            )
 
         for event, _ in events_and_contexts:
             user_ids = self._simple_select_onecol_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="event_push_actions_staging",
-                keyvalues={
-                    "event_id": event.event_id,
-                },
+                keyvalues={"event_id": event.event_id},
                 retcol="user_id",
             )
 
             for uid in user_ids:
                 txn.call_after(
                     self.get_unread_event_push_actions_by_room_for_user.invalidate_many,
-                    (event.room_id, uid,)
+                    (event.room_id, uid),
                 )
 
         # Now we delete the staging area for *all* events that were being
         # persisted.
         txn.executemany(
             "DELETE FROM event_push_actions_staging WHERE event_id = ?",
-            (
-                (event.event_id,)
-                for event, _ in all_events_and_contexts
-            )
+            ((event.event_id,) for event, _ in all_events_and_contexts),
         )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def get_push_actions_for_user(self, user_id, before=None, limit=50,
-                                  only_highlight=False):
+    def get_push_actions_for_user(
+        self, user_id, before=None, limit=50, only_highlight=False
+    ):
         def f(txn):
             before_clause = ""
             if before:
@@ -697,15 +726,12 @@ class EventPushActionsStore(EventPushActionsWorkerStore):
                 " WHERE epa.event_id = e.event_id"
                 " AND epa.user_id = ? %s"
                 " ORDER BY epa.stream_ordering DESC"
-                " LIMIT ?"
-                % (before_clause,)
+                " LIMIT ?" % (before_clause,)
             )
             txn.execute(sql, args)
             return self.cursor_to_dict(txn)
 
-        push_actions = yield self.runInteraction(
-            "get_push_actions_for_user", f
-        )
+        push_actions = yield self.runInteraction("get_push_actions_for_user", f)
         for pa in push_actions:
             pa["actions"] = _deserialize_action(pa["actions"], pa["highlight"])
         defer.returnValue(push_actions)
@@ -723,6 +749,7 @@ class EventPushActionsStore(EventPushActionsWorkerStore):
             )
             txn.execute(sql, (stream_ordering,))
             return txn.fetchone()
+
         result = yield self.runInteraction("get_time_of_last_push_action_before", f)
         defer.returnValue(result[0] if result else None)
 
@@ -731,24 +758,24 @@ class EventPushActionsStore(EventPushActionsWorkerStore):
         def f(txn):
             txn.execute("SELECT MAX(stream_ordering) FROM event_push_actions")
             return txn.fetchone()
-        result = yield self.runInteraction(
-            "get_latest_push_action_stream_ordering", f
-        )
+
+        result = yield self.runInteraction("get_latest_push_action_stream_ordering", f)
         defer.returnValue(result[0] or 0)
 
     def _remove_push_actions_for_event_id_txn(self, txn, room_id, event_id):
         # Sad that we have to blow away the cache for the whole room here
         txn.call_after(
             self.get_unread_event_push_actions_by_room_for_user.invalidate_many,
-            (room_id,)
+            (room_id,),
         )
         txn.execute(
             "DELETE FROM event_push_actions WHERE room_id = ? AND event_id = ?",
-            (room_id, event_id)
+            (room_id, event_id),
         )
 
-    def _remove_old_push_actions_before_txn(self, txn, room_id, user_id,
-                                            stream_ordering):
+    def _remove_old_push_actions_before_txn(
+        self, txn, room_id, user_id, stream_ordering
+    ):
         """
         Purges old push actions for a user and room before a given
         stream_ordering.
@@ -765,7 +792,7 @@ class EventPushActionsStore(EventPushActionsWorkerStore):
         """
         txn.call_after(
             self.get_unread_event_push_actions_by_room_for_user.invalidate_many,
-            (room_id, user_id, )
+            (room_id, user_id),
         )
 
         # We need to join on the events table to get the received_ts for
@@ -781,13 +808,16 @@ class EventPushActionsStore(EventPushActionsWorkerStore):
             " WHERE user_id = ? AND room_id = ? AND "
             " stream_ordering <= ?"
             " AND ((stream_ordering < ? AND highlight = 1) or highlight = 0)",
-            (user_id, room_id, stream_ordering, self.stream_ordering_month_ago)
+            (user_id, room_id, stream_ordering, self.stream_ordering_month_ago),
         )
 
-        txn.execute("""
+        txn.execute(
+            """
             DELETE FROM event_push_summary
             WHERE room_id = ? AND user_id = ? AND stream_ordering <= ?
-        """, (room_id, user_id, stream_ordering))
+        """,
+            (room_id, user_id, stream_ordering),
+        )
 
     def _start_rotate_notifs(self):
         return run_as_background_process("rotate_notifs", self._rotate_notifs)
@@ -803,8 +833,7 @@ class EventPushActionsStore(EventPushActionsWorkerStore):
                 logger.info("Rotating notifications")
 
                 caught_up = yield self.runInteraction(
-                    "_rotate_notifs",
-                    self._rotate_notifs_txn
+                    "_rotate_notifs", self._rotate_notifs_txn
                 )
                 if caught_up:
                     break
@@ -826,11 +855,14 @@ class EventPushActionsStore(EventPushActionsWorkerStore):
 
         # We don't to try and rotate millions of rows at once, so we cap the
         # maximum stream ordering we'll rotate before.
-        txn.execute("""
+        txn.execute(
+            """
             SELECT stream_ordering FROM event_push_actions
             WHERE stream_ordering > ?
             ORDER BY stream_ordering ASC LIMIT 1 OFFSET ?
-        """, (old_rotate_stream_ordering, self._rotate_count))
+        """,
+            (old_rotate_stream_ordering, self._rotate_count),
+        )
         stream_row = txn.fetchone()
         if stream_row:
             offset_stream_ordering, = stream_row
@@ -874,7 +906,7 @@ class EventPushActionsStore(EventPushActionsWorkerStore):
             LEFT JOIN event_push_summary AS old USING (user_id, room_id)
         """
 
-        txn.execute(sql, (old_rotate_stream_ordering, rotate_to_stream_ordering,))
+        txn.execute(sql, (old_rotate_stream_ordering, rotate_to_stream_ordering))
         rows = txn.fetchall()
 
         logger.info("Rotating notifications, handling %d rows", len(rows))
@@ -892,8 +924,9 @@ class EventPushActionsStore(EventPushActionsWorkerStore):
                     "notif_count": row[2],
                     "stream_ordering": row[3],
                 }
-                for row in rows if row[4] is None
-            ]
+                for row in rows
+                if row[4] is None
+            ],
         )
 
         txn.executemany(
@@ -901,20 +934,20 @@ class EventPushActionsStore(EventPushActionsWorkerStore):
                 UPDATE event_push_summary SET notif_count = ?, stream_ordering = ?
                 WHERE user_id = ? AND room_id = ?
             """,
-            ((row[2], row[3], row[0], row[1],) for row in rows if row[4] is not None)
+            ((row[2], row[3], row[0], row[1]) for row in rows if row[4] is not None),
         )
 
         txn.execute(
             "DELETE FROM event_push_actions"
             " WHERE ? <= stream_ordering AND stream_ordering < ? AND highlight = 0",
-            (old_rotate_stream_ordering, rotate_to_stream_ordering,)
+            (old_rotate_stream_ordering, rotate_to_stream_ordering),
         )
 
         logger.info("Rotating notifications, deleted %s push actions", txn.rowcount)
 
         txn.execute(
             "UPDATE event_push_summary_stream_ordering SET stream_ordering = ?",
-            (rotate_to_stream_ordering,)
+            (rotate_to_stream_ordering,),
         )
 
 
diff --git a/synapse/storage/events.py b/synapse/storage/events.py
index d0668e39c4..dfda39bbe0 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/events.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/events.py
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ def encode_json(json_object):
     """
     out = frozendict_json_encoder.encode(json_object)
     if isinstance(out, bytes):
-        out = out.decode('utf8')
+        out = out.decode("utf8")
     return out
 
 
@@ -813,9 +813,10 @@ class EventsStore(
         """
         all_events_and_contexts = events_and_contexts
 
+        min_stream_order = events_and_contexts[0][0].internal_metadata.stream_ordering
         max_stream_order = events_and_contexts[-1][0].internal_metadata.stream_ordering
 
-        self._update_current_state_txn(txn, state_delta_for_room, max_stream_order)
+        self._update_current_state_txn(txn, state_delta_for_room, min_stream_order)
 
         self._update_forward_extremities_txn(
             txn,
@@ -890,7 +891,7 @@ class EventsStore(
             backfilled=backfilled,
         )
 
-    def _update_current_state_txn(self, txn, state_delta_by_room, max_stream_order):
+    def _update_current_state_txn(self, txn, state_delta_by_room, stream_id):
         for room_id, current_state_tuple in iteritems(state_delta_by_room):
             to_delete, to_insert = current_state_tuple
 
@@ -899,6 +900,12 @@ class EventsStore(
             # that we can use it to calculate the `prev_event_id`. (This
             # allows us to not have to pull out the existing state
             # unnecessarily).
+            #
+            # The stream_id for the update is chosen to be the minimum of the stream_ids
+            # for the batch of the events that we are persisting; that means we do not
+            # end up in a situation where workers see events before the
+            # current_state_delta updates.
+            #
             sql = """
                 INSERT INTO current_state_delta_stream
                 (stream_id, room_id, type, state_key, event_id, prev_event_id)
@@ -911,7 +918,7 @@ class EventsStore(
                 sql,
                 (
                     (
-                        max_stream_order,
+                        stream_id,
                         room_id,
                         etype,
                         state_key,
@@ -929,7 +936,7 @@ class EventsStore(
                 sql,
                 (
                     (
-                        max_stream_order,
+                        stream_id,
                         room_id,
                         etype,
                         state_key,
@@ -970,7 +977,7 @@ class EventsStore(
             txn.call_after(
                 self._curr_state_delta_stream_cache.entity_has_changed,
                 room_id,
-                max_stream_order,
+                stream_id,
             )
 
             # Invalidate the various caches
@@ -986,6 +993,11 @@ class EventsStore(
                 if ev_type == EventTypes.Member
             )
 
+            for member in members_changed:
+                txn.call_after(
+                    self.get_rooms_for_user_with_stream_ordering.invalidate, (member,)
+                )
+
             self._invalidate_state_caches_and_stream(txn, room_id, members_changed)
 
     def _update_forward_extremities_txn(
diff --git a/synapse/storage/events_worker.py b/synapse/storage/events_worker.py
index 1716be529a..663991a9b6 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/events_worker.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/events_worker.py
@@ -21,8 +21,9 @@ from canonicaljson import json
 
 from twisted.internet import defer
 
-from synapse.api.constants import EventFormatVersions, EventTypes
+from synapse.api.constants import EventTypes
 from synapse.api.errors import NotFoundError
+from synapse.api.room_versions import EventFormatVersions
 from synapse.events import FrozenEvent, event_type_from_format_version  # noqa: F401
 # these are only included to make the type annotations work
 from synapse.events.snapshot import EventContext  # noqa: F401
@@ -70,17 +71,21 @@ class EventsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         """
         return self._simple_select_one_onecol(
             table="events",
-            keyvalues={
-                "event_id": event_id,
-            },
+            keyvalues={"event_id": event_id},
             retcol="received_ts",
             desc="get_received_ts",
         )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def get_event(self, event_id, check_redacted=True,
-                  get_prev_content=False, allow_rejected=False,
-                  allow_none=False, check_room_id=None):
+    def get_event(
+        self,
+        event_id,
+        check_redacted=True,
+        get_prev_content=False,
+        allow_rejected=False,
+        allow_none=False,
+        check_room_id=None,
+    ):
         """Get an event from the database by event_id.
 
         Args:
@@ -117,8 +122,13 @@ class EventsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         defer.returnValue(event)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def get_events(self, event_ids, check_redacted=True,
-                   get_prev_content=False, allow_rejected=False):
+    def get_events(
+        self,
+        event_ids,
+        check_redacted=True,
+        get_prev_content=False,
+        allow_rejected=False,
+    ):
         """Get events from the database
 
         Args:
@@ -142,8 +152,13 @@ class EventsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         defer.returnValue({e.event_id: e for e in events})
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _get_events(self, event_ids, check_redacted=True,
-                    get_prev_content=False, allow_rejected=False):
+    def _get_events(
+        self,
+        event_ids,
+        check_redacted=True,
+        get_prev_content=False,
+        allow_rejected=False,
+    ):
         if not event_ids:
             defer.returnValue([])
 
@@ -151,8 +166,7 @@ class EventsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         event_ids = set(event_ids)
 
         event_entry_map = self._get_events_from_cache(
-            event_ids,
-            allow_rejected=allow_rejected,
+            event_ids, allow_rejected=allow_rejected
         )
 
         missing_events_ids = [e for e in event_ids if e not in event_entry_map]
@@ -168,8 +182,7 @@ class EventsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             #
             # _enqueue_events is a bit of a rubbish name but naming is hard.
             missing_events = yield self._enqueue_events(
-                missing_events_ids,
-                allow_rejected=allow_rejected,
+                missing_events_ids, allow_rejected=allow_rejected
             )
 
             event_entry_map.update(missing_events)
@@ -213,7 +226,10 @@ class EventsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
                     )
 
                     expected_domain = get_domain_from_id(entry.event.sender)
-                    if orig_sender and get_domain_from_id(orig_sender) == expected_domain:
+                    if (
+                        orig_sender
+                        and get_domain_from_id(orig_sender) == expected_domain
+                    ):
                         # This redaction event is allowed. Mark as not needing a
                         # recheck.
                         entry.event.internal_metadata.recheck_redaction = False
@@ -266,8 +282,7 @@ class EventsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
         for event_id in events:
             ret = self._get_event_cache.get(
-                (event_id,), None,
-                update_metrics=update_metrics,
+                (event_id,), None, update_metrics=update_metrics
             )
             if not ret:
                 continue
@@ -317,19 +332,13 @@ class EventsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         with Measure(self._clock, "_fetch_event_list"):
             try:
                 event_id_lists = list(zip(*event_list))[0]
-                event_ids = [
-                    item for sublist in event_id_lists for item in sublist
-                ]
+                event_ids = [item for sublist in event_id_lists for item in sublist]
 
                 rows = self._new_transaction(
-                    conn, "do_fetch", [], [],
-                    self._fetch_event_rows, event_ids,
+                    conn, "do_fetch", [], [], self._fetch_event_rows, event_ids
                 )
 
-                row_dict = {
-                    r["event_id"]: r
-                    for r in rows
-                }
+                row_dict = {r["event_id"]: r for r in rows}
 
                 # We only want to resolve deferreds from the main thread
                 def fire(lst, res):
@@ -337,13 +346,10 @@ class EventsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
                         if not d.called:
                             try:
                                 with PreserveLoggingContext():
-                                    d.callback([
-                                        res[i]
-                                        for i in ids
-                                        if i in res
-                                    ])
+                                    d.callback([res[i] for i in ids if i in res])
                             except Exception:
                                 logger.exception("Failed to callback")
+
                 with PreserveLoggingContext():
                     self.hs.get_reactor().callFromThread(fire, event_list, row_dict)
             except Exception as e:
@@ -370,9 +376,7 @@ class EventsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
         events_d = defer.Deferred()
         with self._event_fetch_lock:
-            self._event_fetch_list.append(
-                (events, events_d)
-            )
+            self._event_fetch_list.append((events, events_d))
 
             self._event_fetch_lock.notify()
 
@@ -384,9 +388,7 @@ class EventsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
         if should_start:
             run_as_background_process(
-                "fetch_events",
-                self.runWithConnection,
-                self._do_fetch,
+                "fetch_events", self.runWithConnection, self._do_fetch
             )
 
         logger.debug("Loading %d events", len(events))
@@ -397,29 +399,30 @@ class EventsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         if not allow_rejected:
             rows[:] = [r for r in rows if not r["rejects"]]
 
-        res = yield make_deferred_yieldable(defer.gatherResults(
-            [
-                run_in_background(
-                    self._get_event_from_row,
-                    row["internal_metadata"], row["json"], row["redacts"],
-                    rejected_reason=row["rejects"],
-                    format_version=row["format_version"],
-                )
-                for row in rows
-            ],
-            consumeErrors=True
-        ))
+        res = yield make_deferred_yieldable(
+            defer.gatherResults(
+                [
+                    run_in_background(
+                        self._get_event_from_row,
+                        row["internal_metadata"],
+                        row["json"],
+                        row["redacts"],
+                        rejected_reason=row["rejects"],
+                        format_version=row["format_version"],
+                    )
+                    for row in rows
+                ],
+                consumeErrors=True,
+            )
+        )
 
-        defer.returnValue({
-            e.event.event_id: e
-            for e in res if e
-        })
+        defer.returnValue({e.event.event_id: e for e in res if e})
 
     def _fetch_event_rows(self, txn, events):
         rows = []
         N = 200
         for i in range(1 + len(events) // N):
-            evs = events[i * N:(i + 1) * N]
+            evs = events[i * N : (i + 1) * N]
             if not evs:
                 break
 
@@ -443,8 +446,9 @@ class EventsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         return rows
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _get_event_from_row(self, internal_metadata, js, redacted,
-                            format_version, rejected_reason=None):
+    def _get_event_from_row(
+        self, internal_metadata, js, redacted, format_version, rejected_reason=None
+    ):
         with Measure(self._clock, "_get_event_from_row"):
             d = json.loads(js)
             internal_metadata = json.loads(internal_metadata)
@@ -483,9 +487,7 @@ class EventsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 # Get the redaction event.
 
                 because = yield self.get_event(
-                    redaction_id,
-                    check_redacted=False,
-                    allow_none=True,
+                    redaction_id, check_redacted=False, allow_none=True
                 )
 
                 if because:
@@ -507,8 +509,7 @@ class EventsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
                             redacted_event = None
 
             cache_entry = _EventCacheEntry(
-                event=original_ev,
-                redacted_event=redacted_event,
+                event=original_ev, redacted_event=redacted_event
             )
 
             self._get_event_cache.prefill((original_ev.event_id,), cache_entry)
@@ -544,23 +545,17 @@ class EventsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         results = set()
 
         def have_seen_events_txn(txn, chunk):
-            sql = (
-                "SELECT event_id FROM events as e WHERE e.event_id IN (%s)"
-                % (",".join("?" * len(chunk)), )
+            sql = "SELECT event_id FROM events as e WHERE e.event_id IN (%s)" % (
+                ",".join("?" * len(chunk)),
             )
             txn.execute(sql, chunk)
-            for (event_id, ) in txn:
+            for (event_id,) in txn:
                 results.add(event_id)
 
         # break the input up into chunks of 100
         input_iterator = iter(event_ids)
-        for chunk in iter(lambda: list(itertools.islice(input_iterator, 100)),
-                          []):
-            yield self.runInteraction(
-                "have_seen_events",
-                have_seen_events_txn,
-                chunk,
-            )
+        for chunk in iter(lambda: list(itertools.islice(input_iterator, 100)), []):
+            yield self.runInteraction("have_seen_events", have_seen_events_txn, chunk)
         defer.returnValue(results)
 
     def get_seen_events_with_rejections(self, event_ids):
diff --git a/synapse/storage/filtering.py b/synapse/storage/filtering.py
index 6ddcc909bf..b195dc66a0 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/filtering.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/filtering.py
@@ -35,10 +35,7 @@ class FilteringStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
         def_json = yield self._simple_select_one_onecol(
             table="user_filters",
-            keyvalues={
-                "user_id": user_localpart,
-                "filter_id": filter_id,
-            },
+            keyvalues={"user_id": user_localpart, "filter_id": filter_id},
             retcol="filter_json",
             allow_none=False,
             desc="get_user_filter",
@@ -61,10 +58,7 @@ class FilteringStore(SQLBaseStore):
             if filter_id_response is not None:
                 return filter_id_response[0]
 
-            sql = (
-                "SELECT MAX(filter_id) FROM user_filters "
-                "WHERE user_id = ?"
-            )
+            sql = "SELECT MAX(filter_id) FROM user_filters " "WHERE user_id = ?"
             txn.execute(sql, (user_localpart,))
             max_id = txn.fetchone()[0]
             if max_id is None:
diff --git a/synapse/storage/group_server.py b/synapse/storage/group_server.py
index 592d1b4c2a..80102b02e0 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/group_server.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/group_server.py
@@ -38,24 +38,22 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         """
         return self._simple_update_one(
             table="groups",
-            keyvalues={
-                "group_id": group_id,
-            },
-            updatevalues={
-                "join_policy": join_policy,
-            },
+            keyvalues={"group_id": group_id},
+            updatevalues={"join_policy": join_policy},
             desc="set_group_join_policy",
         )
 
     def get_group(self, group_id):
         return self._simple_select_one(
             table="groups",
-            keyvalues={
-                "group_id": group_id,
-            },
+            keyvalues={"group_id": group_id},
             retcols=(
-                "name", "short_description", "long_description",
-                "avatar_url", "is_public", "join_policy",
+                "name",
+                "short_description",
+                "long_description",
+                "avatar_url",
+                "is_public",
+                "join_policy",
             ),
             allow_none=True,
             desc="get_group",
@@ -64,16 +62,14 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
     def get_users_in_group(self, group_id, include_private=False):
         # TODO: Pagination
 
-        keyvalues = {
-            "group_id": group_id,
-        }
+        keyvalues = {"group_id": group_id}
         if not include_private:
             keyvalues["is_public"] = True
 
         return self._simple_select_list(
             table="group_users",
             keyvalues=keyvalues,
-            retcols=("user_id", "is_public", "is_admin",),
+            retcols=("user_id", "is_public", "is_admin"),
             desc="get_users_in_group",
         )
 
@@ -82,9 +78,7 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
         return self._simple_select_onecol(
             table="group_invites",
-            keyvalues={
-                "group_id": group_id,
-            },
+            keyvalues={"group_id": group_id},
             retcol="user_id",
             desc="get_invited_users_in_group",
         )
@@ -92,16 +86,14 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
     def get_rooms_in_group(self, group_id, include_private=False):
         # TODO: Pagination
 
-        keyvalues = {
-            "group_id": group_id,
-        }
+        keyvalues = {"group_id": group_id}
         if not include_private:
             keyvalues["is_public"] = True
 
         return self._simple_select_list(
             table="group_rooms",
             keyvalues=keyvalues,
-            retcols=("room_id", "is_public",),
+            retcols=("room_id", "is_public"),
             desc="get_rooms_in_group",
         )
 
@@ -110,10 +102,9 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
         Returns ([rooms], [categories])
         """
+
         def _get_rooms_for_summary_txn(txn):
-            keyvalues = {
-                "group_id": group_id,
-            }
+            keyvalues = {"group_id": group_id}
             if not include_private:
                 keyvalues["is_public"] = True
 
@@ -162,18 +153,23 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             }
 
             return rooms, categories
-        return self.runInteraction(
-            "get_rooms_for_summary", _get_rooms_for_summary_txn
-        )
+
+        return self.runInteraction("get_rooms_for_summary", _get_rooms_for_summary_txn)
 
     def add_room_to_summary(self, group_id, room_id, category_id, order, is_public):
         return self.runInteraction(
-            "add_room_to_summary", self._add_room_to_summary_txn,
-            group_id, room_id, category_id, order, is_public,
+            "add_room_to_summary",
+            self._add_room_to_summary_txn,
+            group_id,
+            room_id,
+            category_id,
+            order,
+            is_public,
         )
 
-    def _add_room_to_summary_txn(self, txn, group_id, room_id, category_id, order,
-                                 is_public):
+    def _add_room_to_summary_txn(
+        self, txn, group_id, room_id, category_id, order, is_public
+    ):
         """Add (or update) room's entry in summary.
 
         Args:
@@ -188,10 +184,7 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         room_in_group = self._simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
             txn,
             table="group_rooms",
-            keyvalues={
-                "group_id": group_id,
-                "room_id": room_id,
-            },
+            keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "room_id": room_id},
             retcol="room_id",
             allow_none=True,
         )
@@ -204,10 +197,7 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             cat_exists = self._simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="group_room_categories",
-                keyvalues={
-                    "group_id": group_id,
-                    "category_id": category_id,
-                },
+                keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "category_id": category_id},
                 retcol="group_id",
                 allow_none=True,
             )
@@ -218,22 +208,22 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             cat_exists = self._simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="group_summary_room_categories",
-                keyvalues={
-                    "group_id": group_id,
-                    "category_id": category_id,
-                },
+                keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "category_id": category_id},
                 retcol="group_id",
                 allow_none=True,
             )
             if not cat_exists:
                 # If not, add it with an order larger than all others
-                txn.execute("""
+                txn.execute(
+                    """
                     INSERT INTO group_summary_room_categories
                     (group_id, category_id, cat_order)
                     SELECT ?, ?, COALESCE(MAX(cat_order), 0) + 1
                     FROM group_summary_room_categories
                     WHERE group_id = ? AND category_id = ?
-                """, (group_id, category_id, group_id, category_id))
+                """,
+                    (group_id, category_id, group_id, category_id),
+                )
 
         existing = self._simple_select_one_txn(
             txn,
@@ -243,7 +233,7 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 "room_id": room_id,
                 "category_id": category_id,
             },
-            retcols=("room_order", "is_public",),
+            retcols=("room_order", "is_public"),
             allow_none=True,
         )
 
@@ -253,13 +243,13 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 UPDATE group_summary_rooms SET room_order = room_order + 1
                 WHERE group_id = ? AND category_id = ? AND room_order >= ?
             """
-            txn.execute(sql, (group_id, category_id, order,))
+            txn.execute(sql, (group_id, category_id, order))
         elif not existing:
             sql = """
                 SELECT COALESCE(MAX(room_order), 0) + 1 FROM group_summary_rooms
                 WHERE group_id = ? AND category_id = ?
             """
-            txn.execute(sql, (group_id, category_id,))
+            txn.execute(sql, (group_id, category_id))
             order, = txn.fetchone()
 
         if existing:
@@ -312,29 +302,26 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
     def get_group_categories(self, group_id):
         rows = yield self._simple_select_list(
             table="group_room_categories",
-            keyvalues={
-                "group_id": group_id,
-            },
+            keyvalues={"group_id": group_id},
             retcols=("category_id", "is_public", "profile"),
             desc="get_group_categories",
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue({
-            row["category_id"]: {
-                "is_public": row["is_public"],
-                "profile": json.loads(row["profile"]),
+        defer.returnValue(
+            {
+                row["category_id"]: {
+                    "is_public": row["is_public"],
+                    "profile": json.loads(row["profile"]),
+                }
+                for row in rows
             }
-            for row in rows
-        })
+        )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_group_category(self, group_id, category_id):
         category = yield self._simple_select_one(
             table="group_room_categories",
-            keyvalues={
-                "group_id": group_id,
-                "category_id": category_id,
-            },
+            keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "category_id": category_id},
             retcols=("is_public", "profile"),
             desc="get_group_category",
         )
@@ -361,10 +348,7 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
         return self._simple_upsert(
             table="group_room_categories",
-            keyvalues={
-                "group_id": group_id,
-                "category_id": category_id,
-            },
+            keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "category_id": category_id},
             values=update_values,
             insertion_values=insertion_values,
             desc="upsert_group_category",
@@ -373,10 +357,7 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
     def remove_group_category(self, group_id, category_id):
         return self._simple_delete(
             table="group_room_categories",
-            keyvalues={
-                "group_id": group_id,
-                "category_id": category_id,
-            },
+            keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "category_id": category_id},
             desc="remove_group_category",
         )
 
@@ -384,29 +365,26 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
     def get_group_roles(self, group_id):
         rows = yield self._simple_select_list(
             table="group_roles",
-            keyvalues={
-                "group_id": group_id,
-            },
+            keyvalues={"group_id": group_id},
             retcols=("role_id", "is_public", "profile"),
             desc="get_group_roles",
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue({
-            row["role_id"]: {
-                "is_public": row["is_public"],
-                "profile": json.loads(row["profile"]),
+        defer.returnValue(
+            {
+                row["role_id"]: {
+                    "is_public": row["is_public"],
+                    "profile": json.loads(row["profile"]),
+                }
+                for row in rows
             }
-            for row in rows
-        })
+        )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_group_role(self, group_id, role_id):
         role = yield self._simple_select_one(
             table="group_roles",
-            keyvalues={
-                "group_id": group_id,
-                "role_id": role_id,
-            },
+            keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "role_id": role_id},
             retcols=("is_public", "profile"),
             desc="get_group_role",
         )
@@ -433,10 +411,7 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
         return self._simple_upsert(
             table="group_roles",
-            keyvalues={
-                "group_id": group_id,
-                "role_id": role_id,
-            },
+            keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "role_id": role_id},
             values=update_values,
             insertion_values=insertion_values,
             desc="upsert_group_role",
@@ -445,21 +420,24 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
     def remove_group_role(self, group_id, role_id):
         return self._simple_delete(
             table="group_roles",
-            keyvalues={
-                "group_id": group_id,
-                "role_id": role_id,
-            },
+            keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "role_id": role_id},
             desc="remove_group_role",
         )
 
     def add_user_to_summary(self, group_id, user_id, role_id, order, is_public):
         return self.runInteraction(
-            "add_user_to_summary", self._add_user_to_summary_txn,
-            group_id, user_id, role_id, order, is_public,
+            "add_user_to_summary",
+            self._add_user_to_summary_txn,
+            group_id,
+            user_id,
+            role_id,
+            order,
+            is_public,
         )
 
-    def _add_user_to_summary_txn(self, txn, group_id, user_id, role_id, order,
-                                 is_public):
+    def _add_user_to_summary_txn(
+        self, txn, group_id, user_id, role_id, order, is_public
+    ):
         """Add (or update) user's entry in summary.
 
         Args:
@@ -474,10 +452,7 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         user_in_group = self._simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
             txn,
             table="group_users",
-            keyvalues={
-                "group_id": group_id,
-                "user_id": user_id,
-            },
+            keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "user_id": user_id},
             retcol="user_id",
             allow_none=True,
         )
@@ -490,10 +465,7 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             role_exists = self._simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="group_roles",
-                keyvalues={
-                    "group_id": group_id,
-                    "role_id": role_id,
-                },
+                keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "role_id": role_id},
                 retcol="group_id",
                 allow_none=True,
             )
@@ -504,32 +476,28 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             role_exists = self._simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="group_summary_roles",
-                keyvalues={
-                    "group_id": group_id,
-                    "role_id": role_id,
-                },
+                keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "role_id": role_id},
                 retcol="group_id",
                 allow_none=True,
             )
             if not role_exists:
                 # If not, add it with an order larger than all others
-                txn.execute("""
+                txn.execute(
+                    """
                     INSERT INTO group_summary_roles
                     (group_id, role_id, role_order)
                     SELECT ?, ?, COALESCE(MAX(role_order), 0) + 1
                     FROM group_summary_roles
                     WHERE group_id = ? AND role_id = ?
-                """, (group_id, role_id, group_id, role_id))
+                """,
+                    (group_id, role_id, group_id, role_id),
+                )
 
         existing = self._simple_select_one_txn(
             txn,
             table="group_summary_users",
-            keyvalues={
-                "group_id": group_id,
-                "user_id": user_id,
-                "role_id": role_id,
-            },
-            retcols=("user_order", "is_public",),
+            keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "user_id": user_id, "role_id": role_id},
+            retcols=("user_order", "is_public"),
             allow_none=True,
         )
 
@@ -539,13 +507,13 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 UPDATE group_summary_users SET user_order = user_order + 1
                 WHERE group_id = ? AND role_id = ? AND user_order >= ?
             """
-            txn.execute(sql, (group_id, role_id, order,))
+            txn.execute(sql, (group_id, role_id, order))
         elif not existing:
             sql = """
                 SELECT COALESCE(MAX(user_order), 0) + 1 FROM group_summary_users
                 WHERE group_id = ? AND role_id = ?
             """
-            txn.execute(sql, (group_id, role_id,))
+            txn.execute(sql, (group_id, role_id))
             order, = txn.fetchone()
 
         if existing:
@@ -586,11 +554,7 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
         return self._simple_delete(
             table="group_summary_users",
-            keyvalues={
-                "group_id": group_id,
-                "role_id": role_id,
-                "user_id": user_id,
-            },
+            keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "role_id": role_id, "user_id": user_id},
             desc="remove_user_from_summary",
         )
 
@@ -599,10 +563,9 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
         Returns ([users], [roles])
         """
+
         def _get_users_for_summary_txn(txn):
-            keyvalues = {
-                "group_id": group_id,
-            }
+            keyvalues = {"group_id": group_id}
             if not include_private:
                 keyvalues["is_public"] = True
 
@@ -651,6 +614,7 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             }
 
             return users, roles
+
         return self.runInteraction(
             "get_users_for_summary_by_role", _get_users_for_summary_txn
         )
@@ -658,10 +622,7 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
     def is_user_in_group(self, user_id, group_id):
         return self._simple_select_one_onecol(
             table="group_users",
-            keyvalues={
-                "group_id": group_id,
-                "user_id": user_id,
-            },
+            keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "user_id": user_id},
             retcol="user_id",
             allow_none=True,
             desc="is_user_in_group",
@@ -670,10 +631,7 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
     def is_user_admin_in_group(self, group_id, user_id):
         return self._simple_select_one_onecol(
             table="group_users",
-            keyvalues={
-                "group_id": group_id,
-                "user_id": user_id,
-            },
+            keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "user_id": user_id},
             retcol="is_admin",
             allow_none=True,
             desc="is_user_admin_in_group",
@@ -684,10 +642,7 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         """
         return self._simple_insert(
             table="group_invites",
-            values={
-                "group_id": group_id,
-                "user_id": user_id,
-            },
+            values={"group_id": group_id, "user_id": user_id},
             desc="add_group_invite",
         )
 
@@ -696,10 +651,7 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         """
         return self._simple_select_one_onecol(
             table="group_invites",
-            keyvalues={
-                "group_id": group_id,
-                "user_id": user_id,
-            },
+            keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "user_id": user_id},
             retcol="user_id",
             desc="is_user_invited_to_local_group",
             allow_none=True,
@@ -718,14 +670,12 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
         Returns an empty dict if the user is not join/invite/etc
         """
+
         def _get_users_membership_in_group_txn(txn):
             row = self._simple_select_one_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="group_users",
-                keyvalues={
-                    "group_id": group_id,
-                    "user_id": user_id,
-                },
+                keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "user_id": user_id},
                 retcols=("is_admin", "is_public"),
                 allow_none=True,
             )
@@ -740,27 +690,29 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             row = self._simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="group_invites",
-                keyvalues={
-                    "group_id": group_id,
-                    "user_id": user_id,
-                },
+                keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "user_id": user_id},
                 retcol="user_id",
                 allow_none=True,
             )
 
             if row:
-                return {
-                    "membership": "invite",
-                }
+                return {"membership": "invite"}
 
             return {}
 
         return self.runInteraction(
-            "get_users_membership_info_in_group", _get_users_membership_in_group_txn,
+            "get_users_membership_info_in_group", _get_users_membership_in_group_txn
         )
 
-    def add_user_to_group(self, group_id, user_id, is_admin=False, is_public=True,
-                          local_attestation=None, remote_attestation=None):
+    def add_user_to_group(
+        self,
+        group_id,
+        user_id,
+        is_admin=False,
+        is_public=True,
+        local_attestation=None,
+        remote_attestation=None,
+    ):
         """Add a user to the group server.
 
         Args:
@@ -774,6 +726,7 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             remote_attestation (dict): The attestation given to GS by remote
                 server. Optional if the user and group are on the same server
         """
+
         def _add_user_to_group_txn(txn):
             self._simple_insert_txn(
                 txn,
@@ -789,10 +742,7 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             self._simple_delete_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="group_invites",
-                keyvalues={
-                    "group_id": group_id,
-                    "user_id": user_id,
-                },
+                keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "user_id": user_id},
             )
 
             if local_attestation:
@@ -817,75 +767,52 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
                     },
                 )
 
-        return self.runInteraction(
-            "add_user_to_group", _add_user_to_group_txn
-        )
+        return self.runInteraction("add_user_to_group", _add_user_to_group_txn)
 
     def remove_user_from_group(self, group_id, user_id):
         def _remove_user_from_group_txn(txn):
             self._simple_delete_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="group_users",
-                keyvalues={
-                    "group_id": group_id,
-                    "user_id": user_id,
-                },
+                keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "user_id": user_id},
             )
             self._simple_delete_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="group_invites",
-                keyvalues={
-                    "group_id": group_id,
-                    "user_id": user_id,
-                },
+                keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "user_id": user_id},
             )
             self._simple_delete_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="group_attestations_renewals",
-                keyvalues={
-                    "group_id": group_id,
-                    "user_id": user_id,
-                },
+                keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "user_id": user_id},
             )
             self._simple_delete_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="group_attestations_remote",
-                keyvalues={
-                    "group_id": group_id,
-                    "user_id": user_id,
-                },
+                keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "user_id": user_id},
             )
             self._simple_delete_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="group_summary_users",
-                keyvalues={
-                    "group_id": group_id,
-                    "user_id": user_id,
-                },
+                keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "user_id": user_id},
             )
-        return self.runInteraction("remove_user_from_group", _remove_user_from_group_txn)
+
+        return self.runInteraction(
+            "remove_user_from_group", _remove_user_from_group_txn
+        )
 
     def add_room_to_group(self, group_id, room_id, is_public):
         return self._simple_insert(
             table="group_rooms",
-            values={
-                "group_id": group_id,
-                "room_id": room_id,
-                "is_public": is_public,
-            },
+            values={"group_id": group_id, "room_id": room_id, "is_public": is_public},
             desc="add_room_to_group",
         )
 
     def update_room_in_group_visibility(self, group_id, room_id, is_public):
         return self._simple_update(
             table="group_rooms",
-            keyvalues={
-                "group_id": group_id,
-                "room_id": room_id,
-            },
-            updatevalues={
-                "is_public": is_public,
-            },
+            keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "room_id": room_id},
+            updatevalues={"is_public": is_public},
             desc="update_room_in_group_visibility",
         )
 
@@ -894,22 +821,17 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             self._simple_delete_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="group_rooms",
-                keyvalues={
-                    "group_id": group_id,
-                    "room_id": room_id,
-                },
+                keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "room_id": room_id},
             )
 
             self._simple_delete_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="group_summary_rooms",
-                keyvalues={
-                    "group_id": group_id,
-                    "room_id": room_id,
-                },
+                keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "room_id": room_id},
             )
+
         return self.runInteraction(
-            "remove_room_from_group", _remove_room_from_group_txn,
+            "remove_room_from_group", _remove_room_from_group_txn
         )
 
     def get_publicised_groups_for_user(self, user_id):
@@ -917,11 +839,7 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         """
         return self._simple_select_onecol(
             table="local_group_membership",
-            keyvalues={
-                "user_id": user_id,
-                "membership": "join",
-                "is_publicised": True,
-            },
+            keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "membership": "join", "is_publicised": True},
             retcol="group_id",
             desc="get_publicised_groups_for_user",
         )
@@ -931,23 +849,23 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         """
         return self._simple_update_one(
             table="local_group_membership",
-            keyvalues={
-                "group_id": group_id,
-                "user_id": user_id,
-            },
-            updatevalues={
-                "is_publicised": publicise,
-            },
-            desc="update_group_publicity"
+            keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "user_id": user_id},
+            updatevalues={"is_publicised": publicise},
+            desc="update_group_publicity",
         )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def register_user_group_membership(self, group_id, user_id, membership,
-                                       is_admin=False, content={},
-                                       local_attestation=None,
-                                       remote_attestation=None,
-                                       is_publicised=False,
-                                       ):
+    def register_user_group_membership(
+        self,
+        group_id,
+        user_id,
+        membership,
+        is_admin=False,
+        content={},
+        local_attestation=None,
+        remote_attestation=None,
+        is_publicised=False,
+    ):
         """Registers that a local user is a member of a (local or remote) group.
 
         Args:
@@ -962,15 +880,13 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             remote_attestation (dict): If remote group then store the remote
                 attestation from the group, else None.
         """
+
         def _register_user_group_membership_txn(txn, next_id):
             # TODO: Upsert?
             self._simple_delete_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="local_group_membership",
-                keyvalues={
-                    "group_id": group_id,
-                    "user_id": user_id,
-                },
+                keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "user_id": user_id},
             )
             self._simple_insert_txn(
                 txn,
@@ -993,8 +909,10 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
                     "group_id": group_id,
                     "user_id": user_id,
                     "type": "membership",
-                    "content": json.dumps({"membership": membership, "content": content}),
-                }
+                    "content": json.dumps(
+                        {"membership": membership, "content": content}
+                    ),
+                },
             )
             self._group_updates_stream_cache.entity_has_changed(user_id, next_id)
 
@@ -1009,7 +927,7 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
                             "group_id": group_id,
                             "user_id": user_id,
                             "valid_until_ms": local_attestation["valid_until_ms"],
-                        }
+                        },
                     )
                 if remote_attestation:
                     self._simple_insert_txn(
@@ -1020,24 +938,18 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
                             "user_id": user_id,
                             "valid_until_ms": remote_attestation["valid_until_ms"],
                             "attestation_json": json.dumps(remote_attestation),
-                        }
+                        },
                     )
             else:
                 self._simple_delete_txn(
                     txn,
                     table="group_attestations_renewals",
-                    keyvalues={
-                        "group_id": group_id,
-                        "user_id": user_id,
-                    },
+                    keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "user_id": user_id},
                 )
                 self._simple_delete_txn(
                     txn,
                     table="group_attestations_remote",
-                    keyvalues={
-                        "group_id": group_id,
-                        "user_id": user_id,
-                    },
+                    keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "user_id": user_id},
                 )
 
             return next_id
@@ -1045,13 +957,15 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         with self._group_updates_id_gen.get_next() as next_id:
             res = yield self.runInteraction(
                 "register_user_group_membership",
-                _register_user_group_membership_txn, next_id,
+                _register_user_group_membership_txn,
+                next_id,
             )
         defer.returnValue(res)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def create_group(self, group_id, user_id, name, avatar_url, short_description,
-                     long_description,):
+    def create_group(
+        self, group_id, user_id, name, avatar_url, short_description, long_description
+    ):
         yield self._simple_insert(
             table="groups",
             values={
@@ -1066,12 +980,10 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def update_group_profile(self, group_id, profile,):
+    def update_group_profile(self, group_id, profile):
         yield self._simple_update_one(
             table="groups",
-            keyvalues={
-                "group_id": group_id,
-            },
+            keyvalues={"group_id": group_id},
             updatevalues=profile,
             desc="update_group_profile",
         )
@@ -1079,6 +991,7 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
     def get_attestations_need_renewals(self, valid_until_ms):
         """Get all attestations that need to be renewed until givent time
         """
+
         def _get_attestations_need_renewals_txn(txn):
             sql = """
                 SELECT group_id, user_id FROM group_attestations_renewals
@@ -1086,6 +999,7 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             """
             txn.execute(sql, (valid_until_ms,))
             return self.cursor_to_dict(txn)
+
         return self.runInteraction(
             "get_attestations_need_renewals", _get_attestations_need_renewals_txn
         )
@@ -1095,13 +1009,8 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         """
         return self._simple_update_one(
             table="group_attestations_renewals",
-            keyvalues={
-                "group_id": group_id,
-                "user_id": user_id,
-            },
-            updatevalues={
-                "valid_until_ms": attestation["valid_until_ms"],
-            },
+            keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "user_id": user_id},
+            updatevalues={"valid_until_ms": attestation["valid_until_ms"]},
             desc="update_attestation_renewal",
         )
 
@@ -1110,13 +1019,10 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         """
         return self._simple_update_one(
             table="group_attestations_remote",
-            keyvalues={
-                "group_id": group_id,
-                "user_id": user_id,
-            },
+            keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "user_id": user_id},
             updatevalues={
                 "valid_until_ms": attestation["valid_until_ms"],
-                "attestation_json": json.dumps(attestation)
+                "attestation_json": json.dumps(attestation),
             },
             desc="update_remote_attestion",
         )
@@ -1132,10 +1038,7 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         """
         return self._simple_delete(
             table="group_attestations_renewals",
-            keyvalues={
-                "group_id": group_id,
-                "user_id": user_id,
-            },
+            keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "user_id": user_id},
             desc="remove_attestation_renewal",
         )
 
@@ -1146,10 +1049,7 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         """
         row = yield self._simple_select_one(
             table="group_attestations_remote",
-            keyvalues={
-                "group_id": group_id,
-                "user_id": user_id,
-            },
+            keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "user_id": user_id},
             retcols=("valid_until_ms", "attestation_json"),
             desc="get_remote_attestation",
             allow_none=True,
@@ -1164,10 +1064,7 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
     def get_joined_groups(self, user_id):
         return self._simple_select_onecol(
             table="local_group_membership",
-            keyvalues={
-                "user_id": user_id,
-                "membership": "join",
-            },
+            keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "membership": "join"},
             retcol="group_id",
             desc="get_joined_groups",
         )
@@ -1181,7 +1078,7 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 WHERE user_id = ? AND membership != 'leave'
                     AND stream_id <= ?
             """
-            txn.execute(sql, (user_id, now_token,))
+            txn.execute(sql, (user_id, now_token))
             return [
                 {
                     "group_id": row[0],
@@ -1191,14 +1088,15 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 }
                 for row in txn
             ]
+
         return self.runInteraction(
-            "get_all_groups_for_user", _get_all_groups_for_user_txn,
+            "get_all_groups_for_user", _get_all_groups_for_user_txn
         )
 
     def get_groups_changes_for_user(self, user_id, from_token, to_token):
         from_token = int(from_token)
         has_changed = self._group_updates_stream_cache.has_entity_changed(
-            user_id, from_token,
+            user_id, from_token
         )
         if not has_changed:
             return []
@@ -1210,21 +1108,25 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 INNER JOIN local_group_membership USING (group_id, user_id)
                 WHERE user_id = ? AND ? < stream_id AND stream_id <= ?
             """
-            txn.execute(sql, (user_id, from_token, to_token,))
-            return [{
-                "group_id": group_id,
-                "membership": membership,
-                "type": gtype,
-                "content": json.loads(content_json),
-            } for group_id, membership, gtype, content_json in txn]
+            txn.execute(sql, (user_id, from_token, to_token))
+            return [
+                {
+                    "group_id": group_id,
+                    "membership": membership,
+                    "type": gtype,
+                    "content": json.loads(content_json),
+                }
+                for group_id, membership, gtype, content_json in txn
+            ]
+
         return self.runInteraction(
-            "get_groups_changes_for_user", _get_groups_changes_for_user_txn,
+            "get_groups_changes_for_user", _get_groups_changes_for_user_txn
         )
 
     def get_all_groups_changes(self, from_token, to_token, limit):
         from_token = int(from_token)
         has_changed = self._group_updates_stream_cache.has_any_entity_changed(
-            from_token,
+            from_token
         )
         if not has_changed:
             return []
@@ -1236,16 +1138,14 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 WHERE ? < stream_id AND stream_id <= ?
                 LIMIT ?
             """
-            txn.execute(sql, (from_token, to_token, limit,))
-            return [(
-                stream_id,
-                group_id,
-                user_id,
-                gtype,
-                json.loads(content_json),
-            ) for stream_id, group_id, user_id, gtype, content_json in txn]
+            txn.execute(sql, (from_token, to_token, limit))
+            return [
+                (stream_id, group_id, user_id, gtype, json.loads(content_json))
+                for stream_id, group_id, user_id, gtype, content_json in txn
+            ]
+
         return self.runInteraction(
-            "get_all_groups_changes", _get_all_groups_changes_txn,
+            "get_all_groups_changes", _get_all_groups_changes_txn
         )
 
     def get_group_stream_token(self):
diff --git a/synapse/storage/keys.py b/synapse/storage/keys.py
index 8af17921e3..030cd1e5a3 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/keys.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/keys.py
@@ -56,12 +56,13 @@ class KeyStore(SQLBaseStore):
             desc="get_server_certificate",
         )
         tls_certificate = OpenSSL.crypto.load_certificate(
-            OpenSSL.crypto.FILETYPE_ASN1, tls_certificate_bytes,
+            OpenSSL.crypto.FILETYPE_ASN1, tls_certificate_bytes
         )
         defer.returnValue(tls_certificate)
 
-    def store_server_certificate(self, server_name, from_server, time_now_ms,
-                                 tls_certificate):
+    def store_server_certificate(
+        self, server_name, from_server, time_now_ms, tls_certificate
+    ):
         """Stores the TLS X.509 certificate for the given server
         Args:
             server_name (str): The name of the server.
@@ -75,10 +76,7 @@ class KeyStore(SQLBaseStore):
         fingerprint = hashlib.sha256(tls_certificate_bytes).hexdigest()
         return self._simple_upsert(
             table="server_tls_certificates",
-            keyvalues={
-                "server_name": server_name,
-                "fingerprint": fingerprint,
-            },
+            keyvalues={"server_name": server_name, "fingerprint": fingerprint},
             values={
                 "from_server": from_server,
                 "ts_added_ms": time_now_ms,
@@ -91,19 +89,14 @@ class KeyStore(SQLBaseStore):
     def _get_server_verify_key(self, server_name, key_id):
         verify_key_bytes = yield self._simple_select_one_onecol(
             table="server_signature_keys",
-            keyvalues={
-                "server_name": server_name,
-                "key_id": key_id,
-            },
+            keyvalues={"server_name": server_name, "key_id": key_id},
             retcol="verify_key",
             desc="_get_server_verify_key",
             allow_none=True,
         )
 
         if verify_key_bytes:
-            defer.returnValue(decode_verify_key_bytes(
-                key_id, bytes(verify_key_bytes)
-            ))
+            defer.returnValue(decode_verify_key_bytes(key_id, bytes(verify_key_bytes)))
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_server_verify_keys(self, server_name, key_ids):
@@ -123,8 +116,9 @@ class KeyStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 keys[key_id] = key
         defer.returnValue(keys)
 
-    def store_server_verify_key(self, server_name, from_server, time_now_ms,
-                                verify_key):
+    def store_server_verify_key(
+        self, server_name, from_server, time_now_ms, verify_key
+    ):
         """Stores a NACL verification key for the given server.
         Args:
             server_name (str): The name of the server.
@@ -139,10 +133,7 @@ class KeyStore(SQLBaseStore):
             self._simple_upsert_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="server_signature_keys",
-                keyvalues={
-                    "server_name": server_name,
-                    "key_id": key_id,
-                },
+                keyvalues={"server_name": server_name, "key_id": key_id},
                 values={
                     "from_server": from_server,
                     "ts_added_ms": time_now_ms,
@@ -150,14 +141,14 @@ class KeyStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 },
             )
             txn.call_after(
-                self._get_server_verify_key.invalidate,
-                (server_name, key_id)
+                self._get_server_verify_key.invalidate, (server_name, key_id)
             )
 
         return self.runInteraction("store_server_verify_key", _txn)
 
-    def store_server_keys_json(self, server_name, key_id, from_server,
-                               ts_now_ms, ts_expires_ms, key_json_bytes):
+    def store_server_keys_json(
+        self, server_name, key_id, from_server, ts_now_ms, ts_expires_ms, key_json_bytes
+    ):
         """Stores the JSON bytes for a set of keys from a server
         The JSON should be signed by the originating server, the intermediate
         server, and by this server. Updates the value for the
@@ -200,6 +191,7 @@ class KeyStore(SQLBaseStore):
             Dict mapping (server_name, key_id, source) triplets to dicts with
             "ts_valid_until_ms" and "key_json" keys.
         """
+
         def _get_server_keys_json_txn(txn):
             results = {}
             for server_name, key_id, from_server in server_keys:
@@ -222,6 +214,5 @@ class KeyStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 )
                 results[(server_name, key_id, from_server)] = rows
             return results
-        return self.runInteraction(
-            "get_server_keys_json", _get_server_keys_json_txn
-        )
+
+        return self.runInteraction("get_server_keys_json", _get_server_keys_json_txn)
diff --git a/synapse/storage/media_repository.py b/synapse/storage/media_repository.py
index e6cdbb0545..3ecf47e7a7 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/media_repository.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/media_repository.py
@@ -38,15 +38,27 @@ class MediaRepositoryStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
             "local_media_repository",
             {"media_id": media_id},
             (
-                "media_type", "media_length", "upload_name", "created_ts",
-                "quarantined_by", "url_cache",
+                "media_type",
+                "media_length",
+                "upload_name",
+                "created_ts",
+                "quarantined_by",
+                "url_cache",
             ),
             allow_none=True,
             desc="get_local_media",
         )
 
-    def store_local_media(self, media_id, media_type, time_now_ms, upload_name,
-                          media_length, user_id, url_cache=None):
+    def store_local_media(
+        self,
+        media_id,
+        media_type,
+        time_now_ms,
+        upload_name,
+        media_length,
+        user_id,
+        url_cache=None,
+    ):
         return self._simple_insert(
             "local_media_repository",
             {
@@ -66,6 +78,7 @@ class MediaRepositoryStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
         Returns:
             None if the URL isn't cached.
         """
+
         def get_url_cache_txn(txn):
             # get the most recently cached result (relative to the given ts)
             sql = (
@@ -92,16 +105,25 @@ class MediaRepositoryStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
             if not row:
                 return None
 
-            return dict(zip((
-                'response_code', 'etag', 'expires_ts', 'og', 'media_id', 'download_ts'
-            ), row))
+            return dict(
+                zip(
+                    (
+                        'response_code',
+                        'etag',
+                        'expires_ts',
+                        'og',
+                        'media_id',
+                        'download_ts',
+                    ),
+                    row,
+                )
+            )
 
-        return self.runInteraction(
-            "get_url_cache", get_url_cache_txn
-        )
+        return self.runInteraction("get_url_cache", get_url_cache_txn)
 
-    def store_url_cache(self, url, response_code, etag, expires_ts, og, media_id,
-                        download_ts):
+    def store_url_cache(
+        self, url, response_code, etag, expires_ts, og, media_id, download_ts
+    ):
         return self._simple_insert(
             "local_media_repository_url_cache",
             {
@@ -121,15 +143,24 @@ class MediaRepositoryStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
             "local_media_repository_thumbnails",
             {"media_id": media_id},
             (
-                "thumbnail_width", "thumbnail_height", "thumbnail_method",
-                "thumbnail_type", "thumbnail_length",
+                "thumbnail_width",
+                "thumbnail_height",
+                "thumbnail_method",
+                "thumbnail_type",
+                "thumbnail_length",
             ),
             desc="get_local_media_thumbnails",
         )
 
-    def store_local_thumbnail(self, media_id, thumbnail_width,
-                              thumbnail_height, thumbnail_type,
-                              thumbnail_method, thumbnail_length):
+    def store_local_thumbnail(
+        self,
+        media_id,
+        thumbnail_width,
+        thumbnail_height,
+        thumbnail_type,
+        thumbnail_method,
+        thumbnail_length,
+    ):
         return self._simple_insert(
             "local_media_repository_thumbnails",
             {
@@ -148,16 +179,27 @@ class MediaRepositoryStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
             "remote_media_cache",
             {"media_origin": origin, "media_id": media_id},
             (
-                "media_type", "media_length", "upload_name", "created_ts",
-                "filesystem_id", "quarantined_by",
+                "media_type",
+                "media_length",
+                "upload_name",
+                "created_ts",
+                "filesystem_id",
+                "quarantined_by",
             ),
             allow_none=True,
             desc="get_cached_remote_media",
         )
 
-    def store_cached_remote_media(self, origin, media_id, media_type,
-                                  media_length, time_now_ms, upload_name,
-                                  filesystem_id):
+    def store_cached_remote_media(
+        self,
+        origin,
+        media_id,
+        media_type,
+        media_length,
+        time_now_ms,
+        upload_name,
+        filesystem_id,
+    ):
         return self._simple_insert(
             "remote_media_cache",
             {
@@ -181,26 +223,27 @@ class MediaRepositoryStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
             remote_media (iterable[(str, str)]): Set of (server_name, media_id)
             time_ms: Current time in milliseconds
         """
+
         def update_cache_txn(txn):
             sql = (
                 "UPDATE remote_media_cache SET last_access_ts = ?"
                 " WHERE media_origin = ? AND media_id = ?"
             )
 
-            txn.executemany(sql, (
-                (time_ms, media_origin, media_id)
-                for media_origin, media_id in remote_media
-            ))
+            txn.executemany(
+                sql,
+                (
+                    (time_ms, media_origin, media_id)
+                    for media_origin, media_id in remote_media
+                ),
+            )
 
             sql = (
                 "UPDATE local_media_repository SET last_access_ts = ?"
                 " WHERE media_id = ?"
             )
 
-            txn.executemany(sql, (
-                (time_ms, media_id)
-                for media_id in local_media
-            ))
+            txn.executemany(sql, ((time_ms, media_id) for media_id in local_media))
 
         return self.runInteraction("update_cached_last_access_time", update_cache_txn)
 
@@ -209,16 +252,27 @@ class MediaRepositoryStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
             "remote_media_cache_thumbnails",
             {"media_origin": origin, "media_id": media_id},
             (
-                "thumbnail_width", "thumbnail_height", "thumbnail_method",
-                "thumbnail_type", "thumbnail_length", "filesystem_id",
+                "thumbnail_width",
+                "thumbnail_height",
+                "thumbnail_method",
+                "thumbnail_type",
+                "thumbnail_length",
+                "filesystem_id",
             ),
             desc="get_remote_media_thumbnails",
         )
 
-    def store_remote_media_thumbnail(self, origin, media_id, filesystem_id,
-                                     thumbnail_width, thumbnail_height,
-                                     thumbnail_type, thumbnail_method,
-                                     thumbnail_length):
+    def store_remote_media_thumbnail(
+        self,
+        origin,
+        media_id,
+        filesystem_id,
+        thumbnail_width,
+        thumbnail_height,
+        thumbnail_type,
+        thumbnail_method,
+        thumbnail_length,
+    ):
         return self._simple_insert(
             "remote_media_cache_thumbnails",
             {
@@ -250,17 +304,14 @@ class MediaRepositoryStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
             self._simple_delete_txn(
                 txn,
                 "remote_media_cache",
-                keyvalues={
-                    "media_origin": media_origin, "media_id": media_id
-                },
+                keyvalues={"media_origin": media_origin, "media_id": media_id},
             )
             self._simple_delete_txn(
                 txn,
                 "remote_media_cache_thumbnails",
-                keyvalues={
-                    "media_origin": media_origin, "media_id": media_id
-                },
+                keyvalues={"media_origin": media_origin, "media_id": media_id},
             )
+
         return self.runInteraction("delete_remote_media", delete_remote_media_txn)
 
     def get_expired_url_cache(self, now_ts):
@@ -281,10 +332,7 @@ class MediaRepositoryStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
         if len(media_ids) == 0:
             return
 
-        sql = (
-            "DELETE FROM local_media_repository_url_cache"
-            " WHERE media_id = ?"
-        )
+        sql = "DELETE FROM local_media_repository_url_cache" " WHERE media_id = ?"
 
         def _delete_url_cache_txn(txn):
             txn.executemany(sql, [(media_id,) for media_id in media_ids])
@@ -304,7 +352,7 @@ class MediaRepositoryStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
             return [row[0] for row in txn]
 
         return self.runInteraction(
-            "get_url_cache_media_before", _get_url_cache_media_before_txn,
+            "get_url_cache_media_before", _get_url_cache_media_before_txn
         )
 
     def delete_url_cache_media(self, media_ids):
@@ -312,20 +360,14 @@ class MediaRepositoryStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
             return
 
         def _delete_url_cache_media_txn(txn):
-            sql = (
-                "DELETE FROM local_media_repository"
-                " WHERE media_id = ?"
-            )
+            sql = "DELETE FROM local_media_repository" " WHERE media_id = ?"
 
             txn.executemany(sql, [(media_id,) for media_id in media_ids])
 
-            sql = (
-                "DELETE FROM local_media_repository_thumbnails"
-                " WHERE media_id = ?"
-            )
+            sql = "DELETE FROM local_media_repository_thumbnails" " WHERE media_id = ?"
 
             txn.executemany(sql, [(media_id,) for media_id in media_ids])
 
         return self.runInteraction(
-            "delete_url_cache_media", _delete_url_cache_media_txn,
+            "delete_url_cache_media", _delete_url_cache_media_txn
         )
diff --git a/synapse/storage/monthly_active_users.py b/synapse/storage/monthly_active_users.py
index 9e7e09b8c1..8aa8abc470 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/monthly_active_users.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/monthly_active_users.py
@@ -35,9 +35,12 @@ class MonthlyActiveUsersStore(SQLBaseStore):
         self.reserved_users = ()
         # Do not add more reserved users than the total allowable number
         self._new_transaction(
-            dbconn, "initialise_mau_threepids", [], [],
+            dbconn,
+            "initialise_mau_threepids",
+            [],
+            [],
             self._initialise_reserved_users,
-            hs.config.mau_limits_reserved_threepids[:self.hs.config.max_mau_value],
+            hs.config.mau_limits_reserved_threepids[: self.hs.config.max_mau_value],
         )
 
     def _initialise_reserved_users(self, txn, threepids):
@@ -51,10 +54,7 @@ class MonthlyActiveUsersStore(SQLBaseStore):
         reserved_user_list = []
 
         for tp in threepids:
-            user_id = self.get_user_id_by_threepid_txn(
-                txn,
-                tp["medium"], tp["address"]
-            )
+            user_id = self.get_user_id_by_threepid_txn(txn, tp["medium"], tp["address"])
 
             if user_id:
                 is_support = self.is_support_user_txn(txn, user_id)
@@ -62,9 +62,7 @@ class MonthlyActiveUsersStore(SQLBaseStore):
                     self.upsert_monthly_active_user_txn(txn, user_id)
                     reserved_user_list.append(user_id)
             else:
-                logger.warning(
-                    "mau limit reserved threepid %s not found in db" % tp
-                )
+                logger.warning("mau limit reserved threepid %s not found in db" % tp)
         self.reserved_users = tuple(reserved_user_list)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -75,12 +73,11 @@ class MonthlyActiveUsersStore(SQLBaseStore):
         Returns:
             Deferred[]
         """
+
         def _reap_users(txn):
             # Purge stale users
 
-            thirty_days_ago = (
-                int(self._clock.time_msec()) - (1000 * 60 * 60 * 24 * 30)
-            )
+            thirty_days_ago = int(self._clock.time_msec()) - (1000 * 60 * 60 * 24 * 30)
             query_args = [thirty_days_ago]
             base_sql = "DELETE FROM monthly_active_users WHERE timestamp < ?"
 
@@ -158,6 +155,7 @@ class MonthlyActiveUsersStore(SQLBaseStore):
             txn.execute(sql)
             count, = txn.fetchone()
             return count
+
         return self.runInteraction("count_users", _count_users)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -198,14 +196,11 @@ class MonthlyActiveUsersStore(SQLBaseStore):
             return
 
         yield self.runInteraction(
-            "upsert_monthly_active_user", self.upsert_monthly_active_user_txn,
-            user_id
+            "upsert_monthly_active_user", self.upsert_monthly_active_user_txn, user_id
         )
 
         user_in_mau = self.user_last_seen_monthly_active.cache.get(
-            (user_id,),
-            None,
-            update_metrics=False
+            (user_id,), None, update_metrics=False
         )
         if user_in_mau is None:
             self.get_monthly_active_count.invalidate(())
@@ -247,12 +242,8 @@ class MonthlyActiveUsersStore(SQLBaseStore):
         is_insert = self._simple_upsert_txn(
             txn,
             table="monthly_active_users",
-            keyvalues={
-                "user_id": user_id,
-            },
-            values={
-                "timestamp": int(self._clock.time_msec()),
-            },
+            keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
+            values={"timestamp": int(self._clock.time_msec())},
         )
 
         return is_insert
@@ -268,15 +259,13 @@ class MonthlyActiveUsersStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
         """
 
-        return(self._simple_select_one_onecol(
+        return self._simple_select_one_onecol(
             table="monthly_active_users",
-            keyvalues={
-                "user_id": user_id,
-            },
+            keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
             retcol="timestamp",
             allow_none=True,
             desc="user_last_seen_monthly_active",
-        ))
+        )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def populate_monthly_active_users(self, user_id):
diff --git a/synapse/storage/openid.py b/synapse/storage/openid.py
index 5dabb607bd..b3318045ee 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/openid.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/openid.py
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ class OpenIdStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 "ts_valid_until_ms": ts_valid_until_ms,
                 "user_id": user_id,
             },
-            desc="insert_open_id_token"
+            desc="insert_open_id_token",
         )
 
     def get_user_id_for_open_id_token(self, token, ts_now_ms):
@@ -27,6 +27,5 @@ class OpenIdStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 return None
             else:
                 return rows[0][0]
-        return self.runInteraction(
-            "get_user_id_for_token", get_user_id_for_token_txn
-        )
+
+        return self.runInteraction("get_user_id_for_token", get_user_id_for_token_txn)
diff --git a/synapse/storage/prepare_database.py b/synapse/storage/prepare_database.py
index fa36daac52..81b4c57ad4 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/prepare_database.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/prepare_database.py
@@ -143,10 +143,9 @@ def _setup_new_database(cur, database_engine):
 
     cur.execute(
         database_engine.convert_param_style(
-            "INSERT INTO schema_version (version, upgraded)"
-            " VALUES (?,?)"
+            "INSERT INTO schema_version (version, upgraded)" " VALUES (?,?)"
         ),
-        (max_current_ver, False,)
+        (max_current_ver, False),
     )
 
     _upgrade_existing_database(
@@ -160,8 +159,15 @@ def _setup_new_database(cur, database_engine):
     )
 
 
-def _upgrade_existing_database(cur, current_version, applied_delta_files,
-                               upgraded, database_engine, config, is_empty=False):
+def _upgrade_existing_database(
+    cur,
+    current_version,
+    applied_delta_files,
+    upgraded,
+    database_engine,
+    config,
+    is_empty=False,
+):
     """Upgrades an existing database.
 
     Delta files can either be SQL stored in *.sql files, or python modules
@@ -209,8 +215,8 @@ def _upgrade_existing_database(cur, current_version, applied_delta_files,
 
     if current_version > SCHEMA_VERSION:
         raise ValueError(
-            "Cannot use this database as it is too " +
-            "new for the server to understand"
+            "Cannot use this database as it is too "
+            + "new for the server to understand"
         )
 
     start_ver = current_version
@@ -239,20 +245,14 @@ def _upgrade_existing_database(cur, current_version, applied_delta_files,
             if relative_path in applied_delta_files:
                 continue
 
-            absolute_path = os.path.join(
-                dir_path, "schema", "delta", relative_path,
-            )
+            absolute_path = os.path.join(dir_path, "schema", "delta", relative_path)
             root_name, ext = os.path.splitext(file_name)
             if ext == ".py":
                 # This is a python upgrade module. We need to import into some
                 # package and then execute its `run_upgrade` function.
-                module_name = "synapse.storage.v%d_%s" % (
-                    v, root_name
-                )
+                module_name = "synapse.storage.v%d_%s" % (v, root_name)
                 with open(absolute_path) as python_file:
-                    module = imp.load_source(
-                        module_name, absolute_path, python_file
-                    )
+                    module = imp.load_source(module_name, absolute_path, python_file)
                 logger.info("Running script %s", relative_path)
                 module.run_create(cur, database_engine)
                 if not is_empty:
@@ -269,8 +269,7 @@ def _upgrade_existing_database(cur, current_version, applied_delta_files,
             else:
                 # Not a valid delta file.
                 logger.warn(
-                    "Found directory entry that did not end in .py or"
-                    " .sql: %s",
+                    "Found directory entry that did not end in .py or" " .sql: %s",
                     relative_path,
                 )
                 continue
@@ -278,19 +277,17 @@ def _upgrade_existing_database(cur, current_version, applied_delta_files,
             # Mark as done.
             cur.execute(
                 database_engine.convert_param_style(
-                    "INSERT INTO applied_schema_deltas (version, file)"
-                    " VALUES (?,?)",
+                    "INSERT INTO applied_schema_deltas (version, file)" " VALUES (?,?)"
                 ),
-                (v, relative_path)
+                (v, relative_path),
             )
 
             cur.execute("DELETE FROM schema_version")
             cur.execute(
                 database_engine.convert_param_style(
-                    "INSERT INTO schema_version (version, upgraded)"
-                    " VALUES (?,?)",
+                    "INSERT INTO schema_version (version, upgraded)" " VALUES (?,?)"
                 ),
-                (v, True)
+                (v, True),
             )
 
 
@@ -308,7 +305,7 @@ def _apply_module_schemas(txn, database_engine, config):
             continue
         modname = ".".join((mod.__module__, mod.__name__))
         _apply_module_schema_files(
-            txn, database_engine, modname, mod.get_db_schema_files(),
+            txn, database_engine, modname, mod.get_db_schema_files()
         )
 
 
@@ -326,7 +323,7 @@ def _apply_module_schema_files(cur, database_engine, modname, names_and_streams)
         database_engine.convert_param_style(
             "SELECT file FROM applied_module_schemas WHERE module_name = ?"
         ),
-        (modname,)
+        (modname,),
     )
     applied_deltas = set(d for d, in cur)
     for (name, stream) in names_and_streams:
@@ -336,7 +333,7 @@ def _apply_module_schema_files(cur, database_engine, modname, names_and_streams)
         root_name, ext = os.path.splitext(name)
         if ext != '.sql':
             raise PrepareDatabaseException(
-                "only .sql files are currently supported for module schemas",
+                "only .sql files are currently supported for module schemas"
             )
 
         logger.info("applying schema %s for %s", name, modname)
@@ -346,10 +343,9 @@ def _apply_module_schema_files(cur, database_engine, modname, names_and_streams)
         # Mark as done.
         cur.execute(
             database_engine.convert_param_style(
-                "INSERT INTO applied_module_schemas (module_name, file)"
-                " VALUES (?,?)",
+                "INSERT INTO applied_module_schemas (module_name, file)" " VALUES (?,?)"
             ),
-            (modname, name)
+            (modname, name),
         )
 
 
@@ -386,10 +382,7 @@ def get_statements(f):
         statements = line.split(";")
 
         # We must prepend statement_buffer to the first statement
-        first_statement = "%s %s" % (
-            statement_buffer.strip(),
-            statements[0].strip()
-        )
+        first_statement = "%s %s" % (statement_buffer.strip(), statements[0].strip())
         statements[0] = first_statement
 
         # Every entry, except the last, is a full statement
@@ -409,9 +402,7 @@ def executescript(txn, schema_path):
 
 def _get_or_create_schema_state(txn, database_engine):
     # Bluntly try creating the schema_version tables.
-    schema_path = os.path.join(
-        dir_path, "schema", "schema_version.sql",
-    )
+    schema_path = os.path.join(dir_path, "schema", "schema_version.sql")
     executescript(txn, schema_path)
 
     txn.execute("SELECT version, upgraded FROM schema_version")
@@ -424,7 +415,7 @@ def _get_or_create_schema_state(txn, database_engine):
             database_engine.convert_param_style(
                 "SELECT file FROM applied_schema_deltas WHERE version >= ?"
             ),
-            (current_version,)
+            (current_version,),
         )
         applied_deltas = [d for d, in txn]
         return current_version, applied_deltas, upgraded
diff --git a/synapse/storage/presence.py b/synapse/storage/presence.py
index a0c7a0dc87..089ea8c048 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/presence.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/presence.py
@@ -24,10 +24,20 @@ from synapse.util.caches.descriptors import cached, cachedInlineCallbacks, cache
 from ._base import SQLBaseStore
 
 
-class UserPresenceState(namedtuple("UserPresenceState",
-                        ("user_id", "state", "last_active_ts",
-                            "last_federation_update_ts", "last_user_sync_ts",
-                            "status_msg", "currently_active"))):
+class UserPresenceState(
+    namedtuple(
+        "UserPresenceState",
+        (
+            "user_id",
+            "state",
+            "last_active_ts",
+            "last_federation_update_ts",
+            "last_user_sync_ts",
+            "status_msg",
+            "currently_active",
+        ),
+    )
+):
     """Represents the current presence state of the user.
 
     user_id (str)
@@ -75,22 +85,21 @@ class PresenceStore(SQLBaseStore):
         with stream_ordering_manager as stream_orderings:
             yield self.runInteraction(
                 "update_presence",
-                self._update_presence_txn, stream_orderings, presence_states,
+                self._update_presence_txn,
+                stream_orderings,
+                presence_states,
             )
 
-        defer.returnValue((
-            stream_orderings[-1], self._presence_id_gen.get_current_token()
-        ))
+        defer.returnValue(
+            (stream_orderings[-1], self._presence_id_gen.get_current_token())
+        )
 
     def _update_presence_txn(self, txn, stream_orderings, presence_states):
         for stream_id, state in zip(stream_orderings, presence_states):
             txn.call_after(
-                self.presence_stream_cache.entity_has_changed,
-                state.user_id, stream_id,
-            )
-            txn.call_after(
-                self._get_presence_for_user.invalidate, (state.user_id,)
+                self.presence_stream_cache.entity_has_changed, state.user_id, stream_id
             )
+            txn.call_after(self._get_presence_for_user.invalidate, (state.user_id,))
 
         # Actually insert new rows
         self._simple_insert_many_txn(
@@ -113,18 +122,13 @@ class PresenceStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
         # Delete old rows to stop database from getting really big
         sql = (
-            "DELETE FROM presence_stream WHERE"
-            " stream_id < ?"
-            " AND user_id IN (%s)"
+            "DELETE FROM presence_stream WHERE" " stream_id < ?" " AND user_id IN (%s)"
         )
 
         for states in batch_iter(presence_states, 50):
             args = [stream_id]
             args.extend(s.user_id for s in states)
-            txn.execute(
-                sql % (",".join("?" for _ in states),),
-                args
-            )
+            txn.execute(sql % (",".join("?" for _ in states),), args)
 
     def get_all_presence_updates(self, last_id, current_id):
         if last_id == current_id:
@@ -149,8 +153,12 @@ class PresenceStore(SQLBaseStore):
     def _get_presence_for_user(self, user_id):
         raise NotImplementedError()
 
-    @cachedList(cached_method_name="_get_presence_for_user", list_name="user_ids",
-                num_args=1, inlineCallbacks=True)
+    @cachedList(
+        cached_method_name="_get_presence_for_user",
+        list_name="user_ids",
+        num_args=1,
+        inlineCallbacks=True,
+    )
     def get_presence_for_users(self, user_ids):
         rows = yield self._simple_select_many_batch(
             table="presence_stream",
@@ -180,8 +188,10 @@ class PresenceStore(SQLBaseStore):
     def allow_presence_visible(self, observed_localpart, observer_userid):
         return self._simple_insert(
             table="presence_allow_inbound",
-            values={"observed_user_id": observed_localpart,
-                    "observer_user_id": observer_userid},
+            values={
+                "observed_user_id": observed_localpart,
+                "observer_user_id": observer_userid,
+            },
             desc="allow_presence_visible",
             or_ignore=True,
         )
@@ -189,17 +199,21 @@ class PresenceStore(SQLBaseStore):
     def disallow_presence_visible(self, observed_localpart, observer_userid):
         return self._simple_delete_one(
             table="presence_allow_inbound",
-            keyvalues={"observed_user_id": observed_localpart,
-                       "observer_user_id": observer_userid},
+            keyvalues={
+                "observed_user_id": observed_localpart,
+                "observer_user_id": observer_userid,
+            },
             desc="disallow_presence_visible",
         )
 
     def add_presence_list_pending(self, observer_localpart, observed_userid):
         return self._simple_insert(
             table="presence_list",
-            values={"user_id": observer_localpart,
-                    "observed_user_id": observed_userid,
-                    "accepted": False},
+            values={
+                "user_id": observer_localpart,
+                "observed_user_id": observed_userid,
+                "accepted": False,
+            },
             desc="add_presence_list_pending",
         )
 
@@ -210,7 +224,7 @@ class PresenceStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 table="presence_list",
                 keyvalues={
                     "user_id": observer_localpart,
-                    "observed_user_id": observed_userid
+                    "observed_user_id": observed_userid,
                 },
                 updatevalues={"accepted": True},
             )
@@ -225,7 +239,7 @@ class PresenceStore(SQLBaseStore):
             return result
 
         return self.runInteraction(
-            "set_presence_list_accepted", update_presence_list_txn,
+            "set_presence_list_accepted", update_presence_list_txn
         )
 
     def get_presence_list(self, observer_localpart, accepted=None):
@@ -261,16 +275,16 @@ class PresenceStore(SQLBaseStore):
             desc="get_presence_list_accepted",
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue([
-            "@%s:%s" % (u, self.hs.hostname,) for u in user_localparts
-        ])
+        defer.returnValue(["@%s:%s" % (u, self.hs.hostname) for u in user_localparts])
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def del_presence_list(self, observer_localpart, observed_userid):
         yield self._simple_delete_one(
             table="presence_list",
-            keyvalues={"user_id": observer_localpart,
-                       "observed_user_id": observed_userid},
+            keyvalues={
+                "user_id": observer_localpart,
+                "observed_user_id": observed_userid,
+            },
             desc="del_presence_list",
         )
         self.get_presence_list_accepted.invalidate((observer_localpart,))
diff --git a/synapse/storage/profile.py b/synapse/storage/profile.py
index 88b50f33b5..aeec2f57c4 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/profile.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/profile.py
@@ -41,8 +41,7 @@ class ProfileWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
         defer.returnValue(
             ProfileInfo(
-                avatar_url=profile['avatar_url'],
-                display_name=profile['displayname'],
+                avatar_url=profile['avatar_url'], display_name=profile['displayname']
             )
         )
 
@@ -66,16 +65,14 @@ class ProfileWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         return self._simple_select_one(
             table="remote_profile_cache",
             keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
-            retcols=("displayname", "avatar_url",),
+            retcols=("displayname", "avatar_url"),
             allow_none=True,
             desc="get_from_remote_profile_cache",
         )
 
     def create_profile(self, user_localpart):
         return self._simple_insert(
-            table="profiles",
-            values={"user_id": user_localpart},
-            desc="create_profile",
+            table="profiles", values={"user_id": user_localpart}, desc="create_profile"
         )
 
     def set_profile_displayname(self, user_localpart, new_displayname):
@@ -141,6 +138,7 @@ class ProfileStore(ProfileWorkerStore):
     def get_remote_profile_cache_entries_that_expire(self, last_checked):
         """Get all users who haven't been checked since `last_checked`
         """
+
         def _get_remote_profile_cache_entries_that_expire_txn(txn):
             sql = """
                 SELECT user_id, displayname, avatar_url
diff --git a/synapse/storage/push_rule.py b/synapse/storage/push_rule.py
index 4b8438c3e9..9e406baafa 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/push_rule.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/push_rule.py
@@ -57,11 +57,13 @@ def _load_rules(rawrules, enabled_map):
     return rules
 
 
-class PushRulesWorkerStore(ApplicationServiceWorkerStore,
-                           ReceiptsWorkerStore,
-                           PusherWorkerStore,
-                           RoomMemberWorkerStore,
-                           SQLBaseStore):
+class PushRulesWorkerStore(
+    ApplicationServiceWorkerStore,
+    ReceiptsWorkerStore,
+    PusherWorkerStore,
+    RoomMemberWorkerStore,
+    SQLBaseStore,
+):
     """This is an abstract base class where subclasses must implement
     `get_max_push_rules_stream_id` which can be called in the initializer.
     """
@@ -74,14 +76,16 @@ class PushRulesWorkerStore(ApplicationServiceWorkerStore,
         super(PushRulesWorkerStore, self).__init__(db_conn, hs)
 
         push_rules_prefill, push_rules_id = self._get_cache_dict(
-            db_conn, "push_rules_stream",
+            db_conn,
+            "push_rules_stream",
             entity_column="user_id",
             stream_column="stream_id",
             max_value=self.get_max_push_rules_stream_id(),
         )
 
         self.push_rules_stream_cache = StreamChangeCache(
-            "PushRulesStreamChangeCache", push_rules_id,
+            "PushRulesStreamChangeCache",
+            push_rules_id,
             prefilled_cache=push_rules_prefill,
         )
 
@@ -98,19 +102,19 @@ class PushRulesWorkerStore(ApplicationServiceWorkerStore,
     def get_push_rules_for_user(self, user_id):
         rows = yield self._simple_select_list(
             table="push_rules",
-            keyvalues={
-                "user_name": user_id,
-            },
+            keyvalues={"user_name": user_id},
             retcols=(
-                "user_name", "rule_id", "priority_class", "priority",
-                "conditions", "actions",
+                "user_name",
+                "rule_id",
+                "priority_class",
+                "priority",
+                "conditions",
+                "actions",
             ),
             desc="get_push_rules_enabled_for_user",
         )
 
-        rows.sort(
-            key=lambda row: (-int(row["priority_class"]), -int(row["priority"]))
-        )
+        rows.sort(key=lambda row: (-int(row["priority_class"]), -int(row["priority"])))
 
         enabled_map = yield self.get_push_rules_enabled_for_user(user_id)
 
@@ -122,22 +126,19 @@ class PushRulesWorkerStore(ApplicationServiceWorkerStore,
     def get_push_rules_enabled_for_user(self, user_id):
         results = yield self._simple_select_list(
             table="push_rules_enable",
-            keyvalues={
-                'user_name': user_id
-            },
-            retcols=(
-                "user_name", "rule_id", "enabled",
-            ),
+            keyvalues={'user_name': user_id},
+            retcols=("user_name", "rule_id", "enabled"),
             desc="get_push_rules_enabled_for_user",
         )
-        defer.returnValue({
-            r['rule_id']: False if r['enabled'] == 0 else True for r in results
-        })
+        defer.returnValue(
+            {r['rule_id']: False if r['enabled'] == 0 else True for r in results}
+        )
 
     def have_push_rules_changed_for_user(self, user_id, last_id):
         if not self.push_rules_stream_cache.has_entity_changed(user_id, last_id):
             return defer.succeed(False)
         else:
+
             def have_push_rules_changed_txn(txn):
                 sql = (
                     "SELECT COUNT(stream_id) FROM push_rules_stream"
@@ -146,20 +147,22 @@ class PushRulesWorkerStore(ApplicationServiceWorkerStore,
                 txn.execute(sql, (user_id, last_id))
                 count, = txn.fetchone()
                 return bool(count)
+
             return self.runInteraction(
                 "have_push_rules_changed", have_push_rules_changed_txn
             )
 
-    @cachedList(cached_method_name="get_push_rules_for_user",
-                list_name="user_ids", num_args=1, inlineCallbacks=True)
+    @cachedList(
+        cached_method_name="get_push_rules_for_user",
+        list_name="user_ids",
+        num_args=1,
+        inlineCallbacks=True,
+    )
     def bulk_get_push_rules(self, user_ids):
         if not user_ids:
             defer.returnValue({})
 
-        results = {
-            user_id: []
-            for user_id in user_ids
-        }
+        results = {user_id: [] for user_id in user_ids}
 
         rows = yield self._simple_select_many_batch(
             table="push_rules",
@@ -169,9 +172,7 @@ class PushRulesWorkerStore(ApplicationServiceWorkerStore,
             desc="bulk_get_push_rules",
         )
 
-        rows.sort(
-            key=lambda row: (-int(row["priority_class"]), -int(row["priority"]))
-        )
+        rows.sort(key=lambda row: (-int(row["priority_class"]), -int(row["priority"])))
 
         for row in rows:
             results.setdefault(row['user_name'], []).append(row)
@@ -179,16 +180,12 @@ class PushRulesWorkerStore(ApplicationServiceWorkerStore,
         enabled_map_by_user = yield self.bulk_get_push_rules_enabled(user_ids)
 
         for user_id, rules in results.items():
-            results[user_id] = _load_rules(
-                rules, enabled_map_by_user.get(user_id, {})
-            )
+            results[user_id] = _load_rules(rules, enabled_map_by_user.get(user_id, {}))
 
         defer.returnValue(results)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def move_push_rule_from_room_to_room(
-        self, new_room_id, user_id, rule,
-    ):
+    def move_push_rule_from_room_to_room(self, new_room_id, user_id, rule):
         """Move a single push rule from one room to another for a specific user.
 
         Args:
@@ -219,7 +216,7 @@ class PushRulesWorkerStore(ApplicationServiceWorkerStore,
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def move_push_rules_from_room_to_room_for_user(
-        self, old_room_id, new_room_id, user_id,
+        self, old_room_id, new_room_id, user_id
     ):
         """Move all of the push rules from one room to another for a specific
         user.
@@ -236,11 +233,11 @@ class PushRulesWorkerStore(ApplicationServiceWorkerStore,
         # delete them from the old room
         for rule in user_push_rules:
             conditions = rule.get("conditions", [])
-            if any((c.get("key") == "room_id" and
-                    c.get("pattern") == old_room_id) for c in conditions):
-                self.move_push_rule_from_room_to_room(
-                    new_room_id, user_id, rule,
-                )
+            if any(
+                (c.get("key") == "room_id" and c.get("pattern") == old_room_id)
+                for c in conditions
+            ):
+                self.move_push_rule_from_room_to_room(new_room_id, user_id, rule)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def bulk_get_push_rules_for_room(self, event, context):
@@ -259,8 +256,9 @@ class PushRulesWorkerStore(ApplicationServiceWorkerStore,
         defer.returnValue(result)
 
     @cachedInlineCallbacks(num_args=2, cache_context=True)
-    def _bulk_get_push_rules_for_room(self, room_id, state_group, current_state_ids,
-                                      cache_context, event=None):
+    def _bulk_get_push_rules_for_room(
+        self, room_id, state_group, current_state_ids, cache_context, event=None
+    ):
         # We don't use `state_group`, its there so that we can cache based
         # on it. However, its important that its never None, since two current_state's
         # with a state_group of None are likely to be different.
@@ -273,7 +271,9 @@ class PushRulesWorkerStore(ApplicationServiceWorkerStore,
         # sent a read receipt into the room.
 
         users_in_room = yield self._get_joined_users_from_context(
-            room_id, state_group, current_state_ids,
+            room_id,
+            state_group,
+            current_state_ids,
             on_invalidate=cache_context.invalidate,
             event=event,
         )
@@ -282,7 +282,8 @@ class PushRulesWorkerStore(ApplicationServiceWorkerStore,
         # up the `get_if_users_have_pushers` cache with AS entries that we
         # know don't have pushers, nor even read receipts.
         local_users_in_room = set(
-            u for u in users_in_room
+            u
+            for u in users_in_room
             if self.hs.is_mine_id(u)
             and not self.get_if_app_services_interested_in_user(u)
         )
@@ -290,15 +291,14 @@ class PushRulesWorkerStore(ApplicationServiceWorkerStore,
         # users in the room who have pushers need to get push rules run because
         # that's how their pushers work
         if_users_with_pushers = yield self.get_if_users_have_pushers(
-            local_users_in_room,
-            on_invalidate=cache_context.invalidate,
+            local_users_in_room, on_invalidate=cache_context.invalidate
         )
         user_ids = set(
             uid for uid, have_pusher in if_users_with_pushers.items() if have_pusher
         )
 
         users_with_receipts = yield self.get_users_with_read_receipts_in_room(
-            room_id, on_invalidate=cache_context.invalidate,
+            room_id, on_invalidate=cache_context.invalidate
         )
 
         # any users with pushers must be ours: they have pushers
@@ -307,29 +307,30 @@ class PushRulesWorkerStore(ApplicationServiceWorkerStore,
                 user_ids.add(uid)
 
         rules_by_user = yield self.bulk_get_push_rules(
-            user_ids, on_invalidate=cache_context.invalidate,
+            user_ids, on_invalidate=cache_context.invalidate
         )
 
         rules_by_user = {k: v for k, v in rules_by_user.items() if v is not None}
 
         defer.returnValue(rules_by_user)
 
-    @cachedList(cached_method_name="get_push_rules_enabled_for_user",
-                list_name="user_ids", num_args=1, inlineCallbacks=True)
+    @cachedList(
+        cached_method_name="get_push_rules_enabled_for_user",
+        list_name="user_ids",
+        num_args=1,
+        inlineCallbacks=True,
+    )
     def bulk_get_push_rules_enabled(self, user_ids):
         if not user_ids:
             defer.returnValue({})
 
-        results = {
-            user_id: {}
-            for user_id in user_ids
-        }
+        results = {user_id: {} for user_id in user_ids}
 
         rows = yield self._simple_select_many_batch(
             table="push_rules_enable",
             column="user_name",
             iterable=user_ids,
-            retcols=("user_name", "rule_id", "enabled",),
+            retcols=("user_name", "rule_id", "enabled"),
             desc="bulk_get_push_rules_enabled",
         )
         for row in rows:
@@ -341,8 +342,14 @@ class PushRulesWorkerStore(ApplicationServiceWorkerStore,
 class PushRuleStore(PushRulesWorkerStore):
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def add_push_rule(
-        self, user_id, rule_id, priority_class, conditions, actions,
-        before=None, after=None
+        self,
+        user_id,
+        rule_id,
+        priority_class,
+        conditions,
+        actions,
+        before=None,
+        after=None,
     ):
         conditions_json = json.dumps(conditions)
         actions_json = json.dumps(actions)
@@ -352,20 +359,41 @@ class PushRuleStore(PushRulesWorkerStore):
                 yield self.runInteraction(
                     "_add_push_rule_relative_txn",
                     self._add_push_rule_relative_txn,
-                    stream_id, event_stream_ordering, user_id, rule_id, priority_class,
-                    conditions_json, actions_json, before, after,
+                    stream_id,
+                    event_stream_ordering,
+                    user_id,
+                    rule_id,
+                    priority_class,
+                    conditions_json,
+                    actions_json,
+                    before,
+                    after,
                 )
             else:
                 yield self.runInteraction(
                     "_add_push_rule_highest_priority_txn",
                     self._add_push_rule_highest_priority_txn,
-                    stream_id, event_stream_ordering, user_id, rule_id, priority_class,
-                    conditions_json, actions_json,
+                    stream_id,
+                    event_stream_ordering,
+                    user_id,
+                    rule_id,
+                    priority_class,
+                    conditions_json,
+                    actions_json,
                 )
 
     def _add_push_rule_relative_txn(
-        self, txn, stream_id, event_stream_ordering, user_id, rule_id, priority_class,
-        conditions_json, actions_json, before, after
+        self,
+        txn,
+        stream_id,
+        event_stream_ordering,
+        user_id,
+        rule_id,
+        priority_class,
+        conditions_json,
+        actions_json,
+        before,
+        after,
     ):
         # Lock the table since otherwise we'll have annoying races between the
         # SELECT here and the UPSERT below.
@@ -376,10 +404,7 @@ class PushRuleStore(PushRulesWorkerStore):
         res = self._simple_select_one_txn(
             txn,
             table="push_rules",
-            keyvalues={
-                "user_name": user_id,
-                "rule_id": relative_to_rule,
-            },
+            keyvalues={"user_name": user_id, "rule_id": relative_to_rule},
             retcols=["priority_class", "priority"],
             allow_none=True,
         )
@@ -416,13 +441,27 @@ class PushRuleStore(PushRulesWorkerStore):
         txn.execute(sql, (user_id, priority_class, new_rule_priority))
 
         self._upsert_push_rule_txn(
-            txn, stream_id, event_stream_ordering, user_id, rule_id, priority_class,
-            new_rule_priority, conditions_json, actions_json,
+            txn,
+            stream_id,
+            event_stream_ordering,
+            user_id,
+            rule_id,
+            priority_class,
+            new_rule_priority,
+            conditions_json,
+            actions_json,
         )
 
     def _add_push_rule_highest_priority_txn(
-        self, txn, stream_id, event_stream_ordering, user_id, rule_id, priority_class,
-        conditions_json, actions_json
+        self,
+        txn,
+        stream_id,
+        event_stream_ordering,
+        user_id,
+        rule_id,
+        priority_class,
+        conditions_json,
+        actions_json,
     ):
         # Lock the table since otherwise we'll have annoying races between the
         # SELECT here and the UPSERT below.
@@ -443,13 +482,28 @@ class PushRuleStore(PushRulesWorkerStore):
 
         self._upsert_push_rule_txn(
             txn,
-            stream_id, event_stream_ordering, user_id, rule_id, priority_class, new_prio,
-            conditions_json, actions_json,
+            stream_id,
+            event_stream_ordering,
+            user_id,
+            rule_id,
+            priority_class,
+            new_prio,
+            conditions_json,
+            actions_json,
         )
 
     def _upsert_push_rule_txn(
-        self, txn, stream_id, event_stream_ordering, user_id, rule_id, priority_class,
-        priority, conditions_json, actions_json, update_stream=True
+        self,
+        txn,
+        stream_id,
+        event_stream_ordering,
+        user_id,
+        rule_id,
+        priority_class,
+        priority,
+        conditions_json,
+        actions_json,
+        update_stream=True,
     ):
         """Specialised version of _simple_upsert_txn that picks a push_rule_id
         using the _push_rule_id_gen if it needs to insert the rule. It assumes
@@ -461,10 +515,10 @@ class PushRuleStore(PushRulesWorkerStore):
             " WHERE user_name = ? AND rule_id = ?"
         )
 
-        txn.execute(sql, (
-            priority_class, priority, conditions_json, actions_json,
-            user_id, rule_id,
-        ))
+        txn.execute(
+            sql,
+            (priority_class, priority, conditions_json, actions_json, user_id, rule_id),
+        )
 
         if txn.rowcount == 0:
             # We didn't update a row with the given rule_id so insert one
@@ -486,14 +540,18 @@ class PushRuleStore(PushRulesWorkerStore):
 
         if update_stream:
             self._insert_push_rules_update_txn(
-                txn, stream_id, event_stream_ordering, user_id, rule_id,
+                txn,
+                stream_id,
+                event_stream_ordering,
+                user_id,
+                rule_id,
                 op="ADD",
                 data={
                     "priority_class": priority_class,
                     "priority": priority,
                     "conditions": conditions_json,
                     "actions": actions_json,
-                }
+                },
             )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -507,22 +565,23 @@ class PushRuleStore(PushRulesWorkerStore):
             user_id (str): The matrix ID of the push rule owner
             rule_id (str): The rule_id of the rule to be deleted
         """
+
         def delete_push_rule_txn(txn, stream_id, event_stream_ordering):
             self._simple_delete_one_txn(
-                txn,
-                "push_rules",
-                {'user_name': user_id, 'rule_id': rule_id},
+                txn, "push_rules", {'user_name': user_id, 'rule_id': rule_id}
             )
 
             self._insert_push_rules_update_txn(
-                txn, stream_id, event_stream_ordering, user_id, rule_id,
-                op="DELETE"
+                txn, stream_id, event_stream_ordering, user_id, rule_id, op="DELETE"
             )
 
         with self._push_rules_stream_id_gen.get_next() as ids:
             stream_id, event_stream_ordering = ids
             yield self.runInteraction(
-                "delete_push_rule", delete_push_rule_txn, stream_id, event_stream_ordering
+                "delete_push_rule",
+                delete_push_rule_txn,
+                stream_id,
+                event_stream_ordering,
             )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -532,7 +591,11 @@ class PushRuleStore(PushRulesWorkerStore):
             yield self.runInteraction(
                 "_set_push_rule_enabled_txn",
                 self._set_push_rule_enabled_txn,
-                stream_id, event_stream_ordering, user_id, rule_id, enabled
+                stream_id,
+                event_stream_ordering,
+                user_id,
+                rule_id,
+                enabled,
             )
 
     def _set_push_rule_enabled_txn(
@@ -548,8 +611,12 @@ class PushRuleStore(PushRulesWorkerStore):
         )
 
         self._insert_push_rules_update_txn(
-            txn, stream_id, event_stream_ordering, user_id, rule_id,
-            op="ENABLE" if enabled else "DISABLE"
+            txn,
+            stream_id,
+            event_stream_ordering,
+            user_id,
+            rule_id,
+            op="ENABLE" if enabled else "DISABLE",
         )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -563,9 +630,16 @@ class PushRuleStore(PushRulesWorkerStore):
                 priority_class = -1
                 priority = 1
                 self._upsert_push_rule_txn(
-                    txn, stream_id, event_stream_ordering, user_id, rule_id,
-                    priority_class, priority, "[]", actions_json,
-                    update_stream=False
+                    txn,
+                    stream_id,
+                    event_stream_ordering,
+                    user_id,
+                    rule_id,
+                    priority_class,
+                    priority,
+                    "[]",
+                    actions_json,
+                    update_stream=False,
                 )
             else:
                 self._simple_update_one_txn(
@@ -576,15 +650,22 @@ class PushRuleStore(PushRulesWorkerStore):
                 )
 
             self._insert_push_rules_update_txn(
-                txn, stream_id, event_stream_ordering, user_id, rule_id,
-                op="ACTIONS", data={"actions": actions_json}
+                txn,
+                stream_id,
+                event_stream_ordering,
+                user_id,
+                rule_id,
+                op="ACTIONS",
+                data={"actions": actions_json},
             )
 
         with self._push_rules_stream_id_gen.get_next() as ids:
             stream_id, event_stream_ordering = ids
             yield self.runInteraction(
-                "set_push_rule_actions", set_push_rule_actions_txn,
-                stream_id, event_stream_ordering
+                "set_push_rule_actions",
+                set_push_rule_actions_txn,
+                stream_id,
+                event_stream_ordering,
             )
 
     def _insert_push_rules_update_txn(
@@ -602,12 +683,8 @@ class PushRuleStore(PushRulesWorkerStore):
 
         self._simple_insert_txn(txn, "push_rules_stream", values=values)
 
-        txn.call_after(
-            self.get_push_rules_for_user.invalidate, (user_id,)
-        )
-        txn.call_after(
-            self.get_push_rules_enabled_for_user.invalidate, (user_id,)
-        )
+        txn.call_after(self.get_push_rules_for_user.invalidate, (user_id,))
+        txn.call_after(self.get_push_rules_enabled_for_user.invalidate, (user_id,))
         txn.call_after(
             self.push_rules_stream_cache.entity_has_changed, user_id, stream_id
         )
@@ -627,6 +704,7 @@ class PushRuleStore(PushRulesWorkerStore):
             )
             txn.execute(sql, (last_id, current_id, limit))
             return txn.fetchall()
+
         return self.runInteraction(
             "get_all_push_rule_updates", get_all_push_rule_updates_txn
         )
diff --git a/synapse/storage/pusher.py b/synapse/storage/pusher.py
index 134297e284..1567e1df48 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/pusher.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/pusher.py
@@ -47,7 +47,9 @@ class PusherWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             except Exception as e:
                 logger.warn(
                     "Invalid JSON in data for pusher %d: %s, %s",
-                    r['id'], dataJson, e.args[0],
+                    r['id'],
+                    dataJson,
+                    e.args[0],
                 )
                 pass
 
@@ -64,20 +66,16 @@ class PusherWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         defer.returnValue(ret is not None)
 
     def get_pushers_by_app_id_and_pushkey(self, app_id, pushkey):
-        return self.get_pushers_by({
-            "app_id": app_id,
-            "pushkey": pushkey,
-        })
+        return self.get_pushers_by({"app_id": app_id, "pushkey": pushkey})
 
     def get_pushers_by_user_id(self, user_id):
-        return self.get_pushers_by({
-            "user_name": user_id,
-        })
+        return self.get_pushers_by({"user_name": user_id})
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_pushers_by(self, keyvalues):
         ret = yield self._simple_select_list(
-            "pushers", keyvalues,
+            "pushers",
+            keyvalues,
             [
                 "id",
                 "user_name",
@@ -94,7 +92,8 @@ class PusherWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 "last_stream_ordering",
                 "last_success",
                 "failing_since",
-            ], desc="get_pushers_by"
+            ],
+            desc="get_pushers_by",
         )
         defer.returnValue(self._decode_pushers_rows(ret))
 
@@ -135,6 +134,7 @@ class PusherWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             deleted = txn.fetchall()
 
             return (updated, deleted)
+
         return self.runInteraction(
             "get_all_updated_pushers", get_all_updated_pushers_txn
         )
@@ -177,6 +177,7 @@ class PusherWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             results.sort()  # Sort so that they're ordered by stream id
 
             return results
+
         return self.runInteraction(
             "get_all_updated_pushers_rows", get_all_updated_pushers_rows_txn
         )
@@ -186,15 +187,19 @@ class PusherWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         # This only exists for the cachedList decorator
         raise NotImplementedError()
 
-    @cachedList(cached_method_name="get_if_user_has_pusher",
-                list_name="user_ids", num_args=1, inlineCallbacks=True)
+    @cachedList(
+        cached_method_name="get_if_user_has_pusher",
+        list_name="user_ids",
+        num_args=1,
+        inlineCallbacks=True,
+    )
     def get_if_users_have_pushers(self, user_ids):
         rows = yield self._simple_select_many_batch(
             table='pushers',
             column='user_name',
             iterable=user_ids,
             retcols=['user_name'],
-            desc='get_if_users_have_pushers'
+            desc='get_if_users_have_pushers',
         )
 
         result = {user_id: False for user_id in user_ids}
@@ -208,20 +213,27 @@ class PusherStore(PusherWorkerStore):
         return self._pushers_id_gen.get_current_token()
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def add_pusher(self, user_id, access_token, kind, app_id,
-                   app_display_name, device_display_name,
-                   pushkey, pushkey_ts, lang, data, last_stream_ordering,
-                   profile_tag=""):
+    def add_pusher(
+        self,
+        user_id,
+        access_token,
+        kind,
+        app_id,
+        app_display_name,
+        device_display_name,
+        pushkey,
+        pushkey_ts,
+        lang,
+        data,
+        last_stream_ordering,
+        profile_tag="",
+    ):
         with self._pushers_id_gen.get_next() as stream_id:
             # no need to lock because `pushers` has a unique key on
             # (app_id, pushkey, user_name) so _simple_upsert will retry
             yield self._simple_upsert(
                 table="pushers",
-                keyvalues={
-                    "app_id": app_id,
-                    "pushkey": pushkey,
-                    "user_name": user_id,
-                },
+                keyvalues={"app_id": app_id, "pushkey": pushkey, "user_name": user_id},
                 values={
                     "access_token": access_token,
                     "kind": kind,
@@ -247,7 +259,8 @@ class PusherStore(PusherWorkerStore):
                 yield self.runInteraction(
                     "add_pusher",
                     self._invalidate_cache_and_stream,
-                    self.get_if_user_has_pusher, (user_id,)
+                    self.get_if_user_has_pusher,
+                    (user_id,),
                 )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -260,7 +273,7 @@ class PusherStore(PusherWorkerStore):
             self._simple_delete_one_txn(
                 txn,
                 "pushers",
-                {"app_id": app_id, "pushkey": pushkey, "user_name": user_id}
+                {"app_id": app_id, "pushkey": pushkey, "user_name": user_id},
             )
 
             # it's possible for us to end up with duplicate rows for
@@ -278,13 +291,12 @@ class PusherStore(PusherWorkerStore):
             )
 
         with self._pushers_id_gen.get_next() as stream_id:
-            yield self.runInteraction(
-                "delete_pusher", delete_pusher_txn, stream_id
-            )
+            yield self.runInteraction("delete_pusher", delete_pusher_txn, stream_id)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def update_pusher_last_stream_ordering(self, app_id, pushkey, user_id,
-                                           last_stream_ordering):
+    def update_pusher_last_stream_ordering(
+        self, app_id, pushkey, user_id, last_stream_ordering
+    ):
         yield self._simple_update_one(
             "pushers",
             {'app_id': app_id, 'pushkey': pushkey, 'user_name': user_id},
@@ -293,23 +305,21 @@ class PusherStore(PusherWorkerStore):
         )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def update_pusher_last_stream_ordering_and_success(self, app_id, pushkey,
-                                                       user_id,
-                                                       last_stream_ordering,
-                                                       last_success):
+    def update_pusher_last_stream_ordering_and_success(
+        self, app_id, pushkey, user_id, last_stream_ordering, last_success
+    ):
         yield self._simple_update_one(
             "pushers",
             {'app_id': app_id, 'pushkey': pushkey, 'user_name': user_id},
             {
                 'last_stream_ordering': last_stream_ordering,
-                'last_success': last_success
+                'last_success': last_success,
             },
             desc="update_pusher_last_stream_ordering_and_success",
         )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def update_pusher_failing_since(self, app_id, pushkey, user_id,
-                                    failing_since):
+    def update_pusher_failing_since(self, app_id, pushkey, user_id, failing_since):
         yield self._simple_update_one(
             "pushers",
             {'app_id': app_id, 'pushkey': pushkey, 'user_name': user_id},
@@ -323,14 +333,14 @@ class PusherStore(PusherWorkerStore):
             "pusher_throttle",
             {"pusher": pusher_id},
             ["room_id", "last_sent_ts", "throttle_ms"],
-            desc="get_throttle_params_by_room"
+            desc="get_throttle_params_by_room",
         )
 
         params_by_room = {}
         for row in res:
             params_by_room[row["room_id"]] = {
                 "last_sent_ts": row["last_sent_ts"],
-                "throttle_ms": row["throttle_ms"]
+                "throttle_ms": row["throttle_ms"],
             }
 
         defer.returnValue(params_by_room)
diff --git a/synapse/storage/receipts.py b/synapse/storage/receipts.py
index 89a1f7e3d7..a1647e50a1 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/receipts.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/receipts.py
@@ -64,10 +64,7 @@ class ReceiptsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
     def get_receipts_for_room(self, room_id, receipt_type):
         return self._simple_select_list(
             table="receipts_linearized",
-            keyvalues={
-                "room_id": room_id,
-                "receipt_type": receipt_type,
-            },
+            keyvalues={"room_id": room_id, "receipt_type": receipt_type},
             retcols=("user_id", "event_id"),
             desc="get_receipts_for_room",
         )
@@ -79,7 +76,7 @@ class ReceiptsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             keyvalues={
                 "room_id": room_id,
                 "receipt_type": receipt_type,
-                "user_id": user_id
+                "user_id": user_id,
             },
             retcol="event_id",
             desc="get_own_receipt_for_user",
@@ -90,10 +87,7 @@ class ReceiptsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
     def get_receipts_for_user(self, user_id, receipt_type):
         rows = yield self._simple_select_list(
             table="receipts_linearized",
-            keyvalues={
-                "user_id": user_id,
-                "receipt_type": receipt_type,
-            },
+            keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "receipt_type": receipt_type},
             retcols=("room_id", "event_id"),
             desc="get_receipts_for_user",
         )
@@ -114,16 +108,18 @@ class ReceiptsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             )
             txn.execute(sql, (user_id,))
             return txn.fetchall()
-        rows = yield self.runInteraction(
-            "get_receipts_for_user_with_orderings", f
+
+        rows = yield self.runInteraction("get_receipts_for_user_with_orderings", f)
+        defer.returnValue(
+            {
+                row[0]: {
+                    "event_id": row[1],
+                    "topological_ordering": row[2],
+                    "stream_ordering": row[3],
+                }
+                for row in rows
+            }
         )
-        defer.returnValue({
-            row[0]: {
-                "event_id": row[1],
-                "topological_ordering": row[2],
-                "stream_ordering": row[3],
-            } for row in rows
-        })
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_linearized_receipts_for_rooms(self, room_ids, to_key, from_key=None):
@@ -177,6 +173,7 @@ class ReceiptsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
     def _get_linearized_receipts_for_room(self, room_id, to_key, from_key=None):
         """See get_linearized_receipts_for_room
         """
+
         def f(txn):
             if from_key:
                 sql = (
@@ -184,48 +181,40 @@ class ReceiptsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
                     " room_id = ? AND stream_id > ? AND stream_id <= ?"
                 )
 
-                txn.execute(
-                    sql,
-                    (room_id, from_key, to_key)
-                )
+                txn.execute(sql, (room_id, from_key, to_key))
             else:
                 sql = (
                     "SELECT * FROM receipts_linearized WHERE"
                     " room_id = ? AND stream_id <= ?"
                 )
 
-                txn.execute(
-                    sql,
-                    (room_id, to_key)
-                )
+                txn.execute(sql, (room_id, to_key))
 
             rows = self.cursor_to_dict(txn)
 
             return rows
 
-        rows = yield self.runInteraction(
-            "get_linearized_receipts_for_room", f
-        )
+        rows = yield self.runInteraction("get_linearized_receipts_for_room", f)
 
         if not rows:
             defer.returnValue([])
 
         content = {}
         for row in rows:
-            content.setdefault(
-                row["event_id"], {}
-            ).setdefault(
-                row["receipt_type"], {}
-            )[row["user_id"]] = json.loads(row["data"])
-
-        defer.returnValue([{
-            "type": "m.receipt",
-            "room_id": room_id,
-            "content": content,
-        }])
-
-    @cachedList(cached_method_name="_get_linearized_receipts_for_room",
-                list_name="room_ids", num_args=3, inlineCallbacks=True)
+            content.setdefault(row["event_id"], {}).setdefault(row["receipt_type"], {})[
+                row["user_id"]
+            ] = json.loads(row["data"])
+
+        defer.returnValue(
+            [{"type": "m.receipt", "room_id": room_id, "content": content}]
+        )
+
+    @cachedList(
+        cached_method_name="_get_linearized_receipts_for_room",
+        list_name="room_ids",
+        num_args=3,
+        inlineCallbacks=True,
+    )
     def _get_linearized_receipts_for_rooms(self, room_ids, to_key, from_key=None):
         if not room_ids:
             defer.returnValue({})
@@ -235,9 +224,7 @@ class ReceiptsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 sql = (
                     "SELECT * FROM receipts_linearized WHERE"
                     " room_id IN (%s) AND stream_id > ? AND stream_id <= ?"
-                ) % (
-                    ",".join(["?"] * len(room_ids))
-                )
+                ) % (",".join(["?"] * len(room_ids)))
                 args = list(room_ids)
                 args.extend([from_key, to_key])
 
@@ -246,9 +233,7 @@ class ReceiptsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 sql = (
                     "SELECT * FROM receipts_linearized WHERE"
                     " room_id IN (%s) AND stream_id <= ?"
-                ) % (
-                    ",".join(["?"] * len(room_ids))
-                )
+                ) % (",".join(["?"] * len(room_ids)))
 
                 args = list(room_ids)
                 args.append(to_key)
@@ -257,19 +242,16 @@ class ReceiptsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
             return self.cursor_to_dict(txn)
 
-        txn_results = yield self.runInteraction(
-            "_get_linearized_receipts_for_rooms", f
-        )
+        txn_results = yield self.runInteraction("_get_linearized_receipts_for_rooms", f)
 
         results = {}
         for row in txn_results:
             # We want a single event per room, since we want to batch the
             # receipts by room, event and type.
-            room_event = results.setdefault(row["room_id"], {
-                "type": "m.receipt",
-                "room_id": row["room_id"],
-                "content": {},
-            })
+            room_event = results.setdefault(
+                row["room_id"],
+                {"type": "m.receipt", "room_id": row["room_id"], "content": {}},
+            )
 
             # The content is of the form:
             # {"$foo:bar": { "read": { "@user:host": <receipt> }, .. }, .. }
@@ -301,21 +283,21 @@ class ReceiptsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 args.append(limit)
             txn.execute(sql, args)
 
-            return (
-                r[0:5] + (json.loads(r[5]), ) for r in txn
-            )
+            return (r[0:5] + (json.loads(r[5]),) for r in txn)
+
         return self.runInteraction(
             "get_all_updated_receipts", get_all_updated_receipts_txn
         )
 
-    def _invalidate_get_users_with_receipts_in_room(self, room_id, receipt_type,
-                                                    user_id):
+    def _invalidate_get_users_with_receipts_in_room(
+        self, room_id, receipt_type, user_id
+    ):
         if receipt_type != "m.read":
             return
 
         # Returns either an ObservableDeferred or the raw result
         res = self.get_users_with_read_receipts_in_room.cache.get(
-            room_id, None, update_metrics=False,
+            room_id, None, update_metrics=False
         )
 
         # first handle the Deferred case
@@ -346,8 +328,9 @@ class ReceiptsStore(ReceiptsWorkerStore):
     def get_max_receipt_stream_id(self):
         return self._receipts_id_gen.get_current_token()
 
-    def insert_linearized_receipt_txn(self, txn, room_id, receipt_type,
-                                      user_id, event_id, data, stream_id):
+    def insert_linearized_receipt_txn(
+        self, txn, room_id, receipt_type, user_id, event_id, data, stream_id
+    ):
         """Inserts a read-receipt into the database if it's newer than the current RR
 
         Returns: int|None
@@ -360,7 +343,7 @@ class ReceiptsStore(ReceiptsWorkerStore):
             table="events",
             retcols=["stream_ordering", "received_ts"],
             keyvalues={"event_id": event_id},
-            allow_none=True
+            allow_none=True,
         )
 
         stream_ordering = int(res["stream_ordering"]) if res else None
@@ -381,31 +364,31 @@ class ReceiptsStore(ReceiptsWorkerStore):
                     logger.debug(
                         "Ignoring new receipt for %s in favour of existing "
                         "one for later event %s",
-                        event_id, eid,
+                        event_id,
+                        eid,
                     )
                     return None
 
-        txn.call_after(
-            self.get_receipts_for_room.invalidate, (room_id, receipt_type)
-        )
+        txn.call_after(self.get_receipts_for_room.invalidate, (room_id, receipt_type))
         txn.call_after(
             self._invalidate_get_users_with_receipts_in_room,
-            room_id, receipt_type, user_id,
+            room_id,
+            receipt_type,
+            user_id,
         )
+        txn.call_after(self.get_receipts_for_user.invalidate, (user_id, receipt_type))
+        # FIXME: This shouldn't invalidate the whole cache
         txn.call_after(
-            self.get_receipts_for_user.invalidate, (user_id, receipt_type)
+            self._get_linearized_receipts_for_room.invalidate_many, (room_id,)
         )
-        # FIXME: This shouldn't invalidate the whole cache
-        txn.call_after(self._get_linearized_receipts_for_room.invalidate_many, (room_id,))
 
         txn.call_after(
-            self._receipts_stream_cache.entity_has_changed,
-            room_id, stream_id
+            self._receipts_stream_cache.entity_has_changed, room_id, stream_id
         )
 
         txn.call_after(
             self.get_last_receipt_event_id_for_user.invalidate,
-            (user_id, room_id, receipt_type)
+            (user_id, room_id, receipt_type),
         )
 
         self._simple_delete_txn(
@@ -415,7 +398,7 @@ class ReceiptsStore(ReceiptsWorkerStore):
                 "room_id": room_id,
                 "receipt_type": receipt_type,
                 "user_id": user_id,
-            }
+            },
         )
 
         self._simple_insert_txn(
@@ -428,15 +411,12 @@ class ReceiptsStore(ReceiptsWorkerStore):
                 "user_id": user_id,
                 "event_id": event_id,
                 "data": json.dumps(data),
-            }
+            },
         )
 
         if receipt_type == "m.read" and stream_ordering is not None:
             self._remove_old_push_actions_before_txn(
-                txn,
-                room_id=room_id,
-                user_id=user_id,
-                stream_ordering=stream_ordering,
+                txn, room_id=room_id, user_id=user_id, stream_ordering=stream_ordering
             )
 
         return rx_ts
@@ -479,7 +459,10 @@ class ReceiptsStore(ReceiptsWorkerStore):
             event_ts = yield self.runInteraction(
                 "insert_linearized_receipt",
                 self.insert_linearized_receipt_txn,
-                room_id, receipt_type, user_id, linearized_event_id,
+                room_id,
+                receipt_type,
+                user_id,
+                linearized_event_id,
                 data,
                 stream_id=stream_id,
             )
@@ -490,39 +473,43 @@ class ReceiptsStore(ReceiptsWorkerStore):
         now = self._clock.time_msec()
         logger.debug(
             "RR for event %s in %s (%i ms old)",
-            linearized_event_id, room_id, now - event_ts,
+            linearized_event_id,
+            room_id,
+            now - event_ts,
         )
 
-        yield self.insert_graph_receipt(
-            room_id, receipt_type, user_id, event_ids, data
-        )
+        yield self.insert_graph_receipt(room_id, receipt_type, user_id, event_ids, data)
 
         max_persisted_id = self._receipts_id_gen.get_current_token()
 
         defer.returnValue((stream_id, max_persisted_id))
 
-    def insert_graph_receipt(self, room_id, receipt_type, user_id, event_ids,
-                             data):
+    def insert_graph_receipt(self, room_id, receipt_type, user_id, event_ids, data):
         return self.runInteraction(
             "insert_graph_receipt",
             self.insert_graph_receipt_txn,
-            room_id, receipt_type, user_id, event_ids, data
+            room_id,
+            receipt_type,
+            user_id,
+            event_ids,
+            data,
         )
 
-    def insert_graph_receipt_txn(self, txn, room_id, receipt_type,
-                                 user_id, event_ids, data):
-        txn.call_after(
-            self.get_receipts_for_room.invalidate, (room_id, receipt_type)
-        )
+    def insert_graph_receipt_txn(
+        self, txn, room_id, receipt_type, user_id, event_ids, data
+    ):
+        txn.call_after(self.get_receipts_for_room.invalidate, (room_id, receipt_type))
         txn.call_after(
             self._invalidate_get_users_with_receipts_in_room,
-            room_id, receipt_type, user_id,
+            room_id,
+            receipt_type,
+            user_id,
         )
+        txn.call_after(self.get_receipts_for_user.invalidate, (user_id, receipt_type))
+        # FIXME: This shouldn't invalidate the whole cache
         txn.call_after(
-            self.get_receipts_for_user.invalidate, (user_id, receipt_type)
+            self._get_linearized_receipts_for_room.invalidate_many, (room_id,)
         )
-        # FIXME: This shouldn't invalidate the whole cache
-        txn.call_after(self._get_linearized_receipts_for_room.invalidate_many, (room_id,))
 
         self._simple_delete_txn(
             txn,
@@ -531,7 +518,7 @@ class ReceiptsStore(ReceiptsWorkerStore):
                 "room_id": room_id,
                 "receipt_type": receipt_type,
                 "user_id": user_id,
-            }
+            },
         )
         self._simple_insert_txn(
             txn,
@@ -542,5 +529,5 @@ class ReceiptsStore(ReceiptsWorkerStore):
                 "user_id": user_id,
                 "event_ids": json.dumps(event_ids),
                 "data": json.dumps(data),
-            }
+            },
         )
diff --git a/synapse/storage/registration.py b/synapse/storage/registration.py
index 8ada655725..e30b86c346 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/registration.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/registration.py
@@ -37,13 +37,15 @@ class RegistrationWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
     def get_user_by_id(self, user_id):
         return self._simple_select_one(
             table="users",
-            keyvalues={
-                "name": user_id,
-            },
+            keyvalues={"name": user_id},
             retcols=[
-                "name", "password_hash", "is_guest",
-                "consent_version", "consent_server_notice_sent",
-                "appservice_id", "creation_ts",
+                "name",
+                "password_hash",
+                "is_guest",
+                "consent_version",
+                "consent_server_notice_sent",
+                "appservice_id",
+                "creation_ts",
             ],
             allow_none=True,
             desc="get_user_by_id",
@@ -81,9 +83,7 @@ class RegistrationWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 including the keys `name`, `is_guest`, `device_id`, `token_id`.
         """
         return self.runInteraction(
-            "get_user_by_access_token",
-            self._query_for_auth,
-            token
+            "get_user_by_access_token", self._query_for_auth, token
         )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -143,10 +143,10 @@ class RegistrationWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         """Gets users that match user_id case insensitively.
         Returns a mapping of user_id -> password_hash.
         """
+
         def f(txn):
             sql = (
-                "SELECT name, password_hash FROM users"
-                " WHERE lower(name) = lower(?)"
+                "SELECT name, password_hash FROM users" " WHERE lower(name) = lower(?)"
             )
             txn.execute(sql, (user_id,))
             return dict(txn)
@@ -156,6 +156,7 @@ class RegistrationWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def count_all_users(self):
         """Counts all users registered on the homeserver."""
+
         def _count_users(txn):
             txn.execute("SELECT COUNT(*) AS users FROM users")
             rows = self.cursor_to_dict(txn)
@@ -173,6 +174,7 @@ class RegistrationWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
                3) bridged users
         who registered on the homeserver in the past 24 hours
         """
+
         def _count_daily_user_type(txn):
             yesterday = int(self._clock.time()) - (60 * 60 * 24)
 
@@ -193,15 +195,18 @@ class RegistrationWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             for row in txn:
                 results[row[0]] = row[1]
             return results
+
         return self.runInteraction("count_daily_user_type", _count_daily_user_type)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def count_nonbridged_users(self):
         def _count_users(txn):
-            txn.execute("""
+            txn.execute(
+                """
                 SELECT COALESCE(COUNT(*), 0) FROM users
                 WHERE appservice_id IS NULL
-            """)
+            """
+            )
             count, = txn.fetchone()
             return count
 
@@ -220,6 +225,7 @@ class RegistrationWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         avoid the case of ID 10000000 being pre-allocated, so us wasting the
         first (and shortest) many generated user IDs.
         """
+
         def _find_next_generated_user_id(txn):
             txn.execute("SELECT name FROM users")
 
@@ -227,7 +233,7 @@ class RegistrationWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
             found = set()
 
-            for user_id, in txn:
+            for (user_id,) in txn:
                 match = regex.search(user_id)
                 if match:
                     found.add(int(match.group(1)))
@@ -235,20 +241,22 @@ class RegistrationWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 if i not in found:
                     return i
 
-        defer.returnValue((yield self.runInteraction(
-            "find_next_generated_user_id",
-            _find_next_generated_user_id
-        )))
+        defer.returnValue(
+            (
+                yield self.runInteraction(
+                    "find_next_generated_user_id", _find_next_generated_user_id
+                )
+            )
+        )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_3pid_guest_access_token(self, medium, address):
         ret = yield self._simple_select_one(
             "threepid_guest_access_tokens",
-            {
-                "medium": medium,
-                "address": address
-            },
-            ["guest_access_token"], True, 'get_3pid_guest_access_token'
+            {"medium": medium, "address": address},
+            ["guest_access_token"],
+            True,
+            'get_3pid_guest_access_token',
         )
         if ret:
             defer.returnValue(ret["guest_access_token"])
@@ -266,8 +274,7 @@ class RegistrationWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             Deferred[str|None]: user id or None if no user id/threepid mapping exists
         """
         user_id = yield self.runInteraction(
-            "get_user_id_by_threepid", self.get_user_id_by_threepid_txn,
-            medium, address
+            "get_user_id_by_threepid", self.get_user_id_by_threepid_txn, medium, address
         )
         defer.returnValue(user_id)
 
@@ -285,11 +292,9 @@ class RegistrationWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         ret = self._simple_select_one_txn(
             txn,
             "user_threepids",
-            {
-                "medium": medium,
-                "address": address
-            },
-            ['user_id'], True
+            {"medium": medium, "address": address},
+            ['user_id'],
+            True,
         )
         if ret:
             return ret['user_id']
@@ -297,34 +302,26 @@ class RegistrationWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def user_add_threepid(self, user_id, medium, address, validated_at, added_at):
-        yield self._simple_upsert("user_threepids", {
-            "medium": medium,
-            "address": address,
-        }, {
-            "user_id": user_id,
-            "validated_at": validated_at,
-            "added_at": added_at,
-        })
+        yield self._simple_upsert(
+            "user_threepids",
+            {"medium": medium, "address": address},
+            {"user_id": user_id, "validated_at": validated_at, "added_at": added_at},
+        )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def user_get_threepids(self, user_id):
         ret = yield self._simple_select_list(
-            "user_threepids", {
-                "user_id": user_id
-            },
+            "user_threepids",
+            {"user_id": user_id},
             ['medium', 'address', 'validated_at', 'added_at'],
-            'user_get_threepids'
+            'user_get_threepids',
         )
         defer.returnValue(ret)
 
     def user_delete_threepid(self, user_id, medium, address):
         return self._simple_delete(
             "user_threepids",
-            keyvalues={
-                "user_id": user_id,
-                "medium": medium,
-                "address": address,
-            },
+            keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "medium": medium, "address": address},
             desc="user_delete_threepids",
         )
 
@@ -406,9 +403,9 @@ class RegistrationWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         )
 
 
-class RegistrationStore(RegistrationWorkerStore,
-                        background_updates.BackgroundUpdateStore):
-
+class RegistrationStore(
+    RegistrationWorkerStore, background_updates.BackgroundUpdateStore
+):
     def __init__(self, db_conn, hs):
         super(RegistrationStore, self).__init__(db_conn, hs)
 
@@ -453,18 +450,22 @@ class RegistrationStore(RegistrationWorkerStore,
 
         yield self._simple_insert(
             "access_tokens",
-            {
-                "id": next_id,
-                "user_id": user_id,
-                "token": token,
-                "device_id": device_id,
-            },
+            {"id": next_id, "user_id": user_id, "token": token, "device_id": device_id},
             desc="add_access_token_to_user",
         )
 
-    def register(self, user_id, token=None, password_hash=None,
-                 was_guest=False, make_guest=False, appservice_id=None,
-                 create_profile_with_displayname=None, admin=False, user_type=None):
+    def register(
+        self,
+        user_id,
+        token=None,
+        password_hash=None,
+        was_guest=False,
+        make_guest=False,
+        appservice_id=None,
+        create_profile_with_displayname=None,
+        admin=False,
+        user_type=None,
+    ):
         """Attempts to register an account.
 
         Args:
@@ -498,7 +499,7 @@ class RegistrationStore(RegistrationWorkerStore,
             appservice_id,
             create_profile_with_displayname,
             admin,
-            user_type
+            user_type,
         )
 
     def _register(
@@ -528,10 +529,7 @@ class RegistrationStore(RegistrationWorkerStore,
                 self._simple_select_one_txn(
                     txn,
                     "users",
-                    keyvalues={
-                        "name": user_id,
-                        "is_guest": 1,
-                    },
+                    keyvalues={"name": user_id, "is_guest": 1},
                     retcols=("name",),
                     allow_none=False,
                 )
@@ -539,10 +537,7 @@ class RegistrationStore(RegistrationWorkerStore,
                 self._simple_update_one_txn(
                     txn,
                     "users",
-                    keyvalues={
-                        "name": user_id,
-                        "is_guest": 1,
-                    },
+                    keyvalues={"name": user_id, "is_guest": 1},
                     updatevalues={
                         "password_hash": password_hash,
                         "upgrade_ts": now,
@@ -550,7 +545,7 @@ class RegistrationStore(RegistrationWorkerStore,
                         "appservice_id": appservice_id,
                         "admin": 1 if admin else 0,
                         "user_type": user_type,
-                    }
+                    },
                 )
             else:
                 self._simple_insert_txn(
@@ -564,20 +559,17 @@ class RegistrationStore(RegistrationWorkerStore,
                         "appservice_id": appservice_id,
                         "admin": 1 if admin else 0,
                         "user_type": user_type,
-                    }
+                    },
                 )
         except self.database_engine.module.IntegrityError:
-            raise StoreError(
-                400, "User ID already taken.", errcode=Codes.USER_IN_USE
-            )
+            raise StoreError(400, "User ID already taken.", errcode=Codes.USER_IN_USE)
 
         if token:
             # it's possible for this to get a conflict, but only for a single user
             # since tokens are namespaced based on their user ID
             txn.execute(
-                "INSERT INTO access_tokens(id, user_id, token)"
-                " VALUES (?,?,?)",
-                (next_id, user_id, token,)
+                "INSERT INTO access_tokens(id, user_id, token)" " VALUES (?,?,?)",
+                (next_id, user_id, token),
             )
 
         if create_profile_with_displayname:
@@ -588,12 +580,10 @@ class RegistrationStore(RegistrationWorkerStore,
             # while everything else uses the full mxid.
             txn.execute(
                 "INSERT INTO profiles(user_id, displayname) VALUES (?,?)",
-                (user_id_obj.localpart, create_profile_with_displayname)
+                (user_id_obj.localpart, create_profile_with_displayname),
             )
 
-        self._invalidate_cache_and_stream(
-            txn, self.get_user_by_id, (user_id,)
-        )
+        self._invalidate_cache_and_stream(txn, self.get_user_by_id, (user_id,))
         txn.call_after(self.is_guest.invalidate, (user_id,))
 
     def user_set_password_hash(self, user_id, password_hash):
@@ -602,22 +592,14 @@ class RegistrationStore(RegistrationWorkerStore,
             removes most of the entries subsequently anyway so it would be
             pointless. Use flush_user separately.
         """
+
         def user_set_password_hash_txn(txn):
             self._simple_update_one_txn(
-                txn,
-                'users', {
-                    'name': user_id
-                },
-                {
-                    'password_hash': password_hash
-                }
+                txn, 'users', {'name': user_id}, {'password_hash': password_hash}
             )
-            self._invalidate_cache_and_stream(
-                txn, self.get_user_by_id, (user_id,)
-            )
-        return self.runInteraction(
-            "user_set_password_hash", user_set_password_hash_txn
-        )
+            self._invalidate_cache_and_stream(txn, self.get_user_by_id, (user_id,))
+
+        return self.runInteraction("user_set_password_hash", user_set_password_hash_txn)
 
     def user_set_consent_version(self, user_id, consent_version):
         """Updates the user table to record privacy policy consent
@@ -630,16 +612,16 @@ class RegistrationStore(RegistrationWorkerStore,
         Raises:
             StoreError(404) if user not found
         """
+
         def f(txn):
             self._simple_update_one_txn(
                 txn,
                 table='users',
-                keyvalues={'name': user_id, },
-                updatevalues={'consent_version': consent_version, },
-            )
-            self._invalidate_cache_and_stream(
-                txn, self.get_user_by_id, (user_id,)
+                keyvalues={'name': user_id},
+                updatevalues={'consent_version': consent_version},
             )
+            self._invalidate_cache_and_stream(txn, self.get_user_by_id, (user_id,))
+
         return self.runInteraction("user_set_consent_version", f)
 
     def user_set_consent_server_notice_sent(self, user_id, consent_version):
@@ -654,20 +636,19 @@ class RegistrationStore(RegistrationWorkerStore,
         Raises:
             StoreError(404) if user not found
         """
+
         def f(txn):
             self._simple_update_one_txn(
                 txn,
                 table='users',
-                keyvalues={'name': user_id, },
-                updatevalues={'consent_server_notice_sent': consent_version, },
-            )
-            self._invalidate_cache_and_stream(
-                txn, self.get_user_by_id, (user_id,)
+                keyvalues={'name': user_id},
+                updatevalues={'consent_server_notice_sent': consent_version},
             )
+            self._invalidate_cache_and_stream(txn, self.get_user_by_id, (user_id,))
+
         return self.runInteraction("user_set_consent_server_notice_sent", f)
 
-    def user_delete_access_tokens(self, user_id, except_token_id=None,
-                                  device_id=None):
+    def user_delete_access_tokens(self, user_id, except_token_id=None, device_id=None):
         """
         Invalidate access tokens belonging to a user
 
@@ -682,10 +663,9 @@ class RegistrationStore(RegistrationWorkerStore,
             defer.Deferred[list[str, int, str|None, int]]: a list of
                 (token, token id, device id) for each of the deleted tokens
         """
+
         def f(txn):
-            keyvalues = {
-                "user_id": user_id,
-            }
+            keyvalues = {"user_id": user_id}
             if device_id is not None:
                 keyvalues["device_id"] = device_id
 
@@ -697,8 +677,9 @@ class RegistrationStore(RegistrationWorkerStore,
                 values.append(except_token_id)
 
             txn.execute(
-                "SELECT token, id, device_id FROM access_tokens WHERE %s" % where_clause,
-                values
+                "SELECT token, id, device_id FROM access_tokens WHERE %s"
+                % where_clause,
+                values,
             )
             tokens_and_devices = [(r[0], r[1], r[2]) for r in txn]
 
@@ -707,25 +688,16 @@ class RegistrationStore(RegistrationWorkerStore,
                     txn, self.get_user_by_access_token, (token,)
                 )
 
-            txn.execute(
-                "DELETE FROM access_tokens WHERE %s" % where_clause,
-                values
-            )
+            txn.execute("DELETE FROM access_tokens WHERE %s" % where_clause, values)
 
             return tokens_and_devices
 
-        return self.runInteraction(
-            "user_delete_access_tokens", f,
-        )
+        return self.runInteraction("user_delete_access_tokens", f)
 
     def delete_access_token(self, access_token):
         def f(txn):
             self._simple_delete_one_txn(
-                txn,
-                table="access_tokens",
-                keyvalues={
-                    "token": access_token
-                },
+                txn, table="access_tokens", keyvalues={"token": access_token}
             )
 
             self._invalidate_cache_and_stream(
@@ -748,7 +720,7 @@ class RegistrationStore(RegistrationWorkerStore,
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def save_or_get_3pid_guest_access_token(
-            self, medium, address, access_token, inviter_user_id
+        self, medium, address, access_token, inviter_user_id
     ):
         """
         Gets the 3pid's guest access token if exists, else saves access_token.
@@ -764,12 +736,13 @@ class RegistrationStore(RegistrationWorkerStore,
             deferred str: Whichever access token is persisted at the end
             of this function call.
         """
+
         def insert(txn):
             txn.execute(
                 "INSERT INTO threepid_guest_access_tokens "
                 "(medium, address, guest_access_token, first_inviter) "
                 "VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?)",
-                (medium, address, access_token, inviter_user_id)
+                (medium, address, access_token, inviter_user_id),
             )
 
         try:
@@ -786,9 +759,7 @@ class RegistrationStore(RegistrationWorkerStore,
         """
         return self._simple_insert(
             "users_pending_deactivation",
-            values={
-                "user_id": user_id,
-            },
+            values={"user_id": user_id},
             desc="add_user_pending_deactivation",
         )
 
@@ -801,9 +772,7 @@ class RegistrationStore(RegistrationWorkerStore,
         # the table, so somehow duplicate entries have ended up in it.
         return self._simple_delete(
             "users_pending_deactivation",
-            keyvalues={
-                "user_id": user_id,
-            },
+            keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
             desc="del_user_pending_deactivation",
         )
 
diff --git a/synapse/storage/rejections.py b/synapse/storage/rejections.py
index 880f047adb..f4c1c2a457 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/rejections.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/rejections.py
@@ -36,9 +36,7 @@ class RejectionsStore(SQLBaseStore):
         return self._simple_select_one_onecol(
             table="rejections",
             retcol="reason",
-            keyvalues={
-                "event_id": event_id,
-            },
+            keyvalues={"event_id": event_id},
             allow_none=True,
             desc="get_rejection_reason",
         )
diff --git a/synapse/storage/room.py b/synapse/storage/room.py
index a979d4860a..fe9d79d792 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/room.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/room.py
@@ -30,13 +30,11 @@ logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
 OpsLevel = collections.namedtuple(
-    "OpsLevel",
-    ("ban_level", "kick_level", "redact_level",)
+    "OpsLevel", ("ban_level", "kick_level", "redact_level")
 )
 
 RatelimitOverride = collections.namedtuple(
-    "RatelimitOverride",
-    ("messages_per_second", "burst_count",)
+    "RatelimitOverride", ("messages_per_second", "burst_count")
 )
 
 
@@ -60,9 +58,7 @@ class RoomWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
     def get_public_room_ids(self):
         return self._simple_select_onecol(
             table="rooms",
-            keyvalues={
-                "is_public": True,
-            },
+            keyvalues={"is_public": True},
             retcol="room_id",
             desc="get_public_room_ids",
         )
@@ -79,11 +75,11 @@ class RoomWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         return self.runInteraction(
             "get_public_room_ids_at_stream_id",
             self.get_public_room_ids_at_stream_id_txn,
-            stream_id, network_tuple=network_tuple
+            stream_id,
+            network_tuple=network_tuple,
         )
 
-    def get_public_room_ids_at_stream_id_txn(self, txn, stream_id,
-                                             network_tuple):
+    def get_public_room_ids_at_stream_id_txn(self, txn, stream_id, network_tuple):
         return {
             rm
             for rm, vis in self.get_published_at_stream_id_txn(
@@ -96,7 +92,7 @@ class RoomWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         if network_tuple:
             # We want to get from a particular list. No aggregation required.
 
-            sql = ("""
+            sql = """
                 SELECT room_id, visibility FROM public_room_list_stream
                 INNER JOIN (
                     SELECT room_id, max(stream_id) AS stream_id
@@ -104,25 +100,22 @@ class RoomWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
                     WHERE stream_id <= ? %s
                     GROUP BY room_id
                 ) grouped USING (room_id, stream_id)
-            """)
+            """
 
             if network_tuple.appservice_id is not None:
                 txn.execute(
                     sql % ("AND appservice_id = ? AND network_id = ?",),
-                    (stream_id, network_tuple.appservice_id, network_tuple.network_id,)
+                    (stream_id, network_tuple.appservice_id, network_tuple.network_id),
                 )
             else:
-                txn.execute(
-                    sql % ("AND appservice_id IS NULL",),
-                    (stream_id,)
-                )
+                txn.execute(sql % ("AND appservice_id IS NULL",), (stream_id,))
             return dict(txn)
         else:
             # We want to get from all lists, so we need to aggregate the results
 
             logger.info("Executing full list")
 
-            sql = ("""
+            sql = """
                 SELECT room_id, visibility
                 FROM public_room_list_stream
                 INNER JOIN (
@@ -133,12 +126,9 @@ class RoomWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
                     WHERE stream_id <= ?
                     GROUP BY room_id, appservice_id, network_id
                 ) grouped USING (room_id, stream_id)
-            """)
+            """
 
-            txn.execute(
-                sql,
-                (stream_id,)
-            )
+            txn.execute(sql, (stream_id,))
 
             results = {}
             # A room is visible if its visible on any list.
@@ -147,8 +137,7 @@ class RoomWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
             return results
 
-    def get_public_room_changes(self, prev_stream_id, new_stream_id,
-                                network_tuple):
+    def get_public_room_changes(self, prev_stream_id, new_stream_id, network_tuple):
         def get_public_room_changes_txn(txn):
             then_rooms = self.get_public_room_ids_at_stream_id_txn(
                 txn, prev_stream_id, network_tuple
@@ -158,9 +147,7 @@ class RoomWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 txn, new_stream_id, network_tuple
             )
 
-            now_rooms_visible = set(
-                rm for rm, vis in now_rooms_dict.items() if vis
-            )
+            now_rooms_visible = set(rm for rm, vis in now_rooms_dict.items() if vis)
             now_rooms_not_visible = set(
                 rm for rm, vis in now_rooms_dict.items() if not vis
             )
@@ -178,9 +165,7 @@ class RoomWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
     def is_room_blocked(self, room_id):
         return self._simple_select_one_onecol(
             table="blocked_rooms",
-            keyvalues={
-                "room_id": room_id,
-            },
+            keyvalues={"room_id": room_id},
             retcol="1",
             allow_none=True,
             desc="is_room_blocked",
@@ -208,16 +193,17 @@ class RoomWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         )
 
         if row:
-            defer.returnValue(RatelimitOverride(
-                messages_per_second=row["messages_per_second"],
-                burst_count=row["burst_count"],
-            ))
+            defer.returnValue(
+                RatelimitOverride(
+                    messages_per_second=row["messages_per_second"],
+                    burst_count=row["burst_count"],
+                )
+            )
         else:
             defer.returnValue(None)
 
 
 class RoomStore(RoomWorkerStore, SearchStore):
-
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def store_room(self, room_id, room_creator_user_id, is_public):
         """Stores a room.
@@ -231,6 +217,7 @@ class RoomStore(RoomWorkerStore, SearchStore):
             StoreError if the room could not be stored.
         """
         try:
+
             def store_room_txn(txn, next_id):
                 self._simple_insert_txn(
                     txn,
@@ -249,13 +236,11 @@ class RoomStore(RoomWorkerStore, SearchStore):
                             "stream_id": next_id,
                             "room_id": room_id,
                             "visibility": is_public,
-                        }
+                        },
                     )
+
             with self._public_room_id_gen.get_next() as next_id:
-                yield self.runInteraction(
-                    "store_room_txn",
-                    store_room_txn, next_id,
-                )
+                yield self.runInteraction("store_room_txn", store_room_txn, next_id)
         except Exception as e:
             logger.error("store_room with room_id=%s failed: %s", room_id, e)
             raise StoreError(500, "Problem creating room.")
@@ -297,19 +282,19 @@ class RoomStore(RoomWorkerStore, SearchStore):
                         "visibility": is_public,
                         "appservice_id": None,
                         "network_id": None,
-                    }
+                    },
                 )
 
         with self._public_room_id_gen.get_next() as next_id:
             yield self.runInteraction(
-                "set_room_is_public",
-                set_room_is_public_txn, next_id,
+                "set_room_is_public", set_room_is_public_txn, next_id
             )
         self.hs.get_notifier().on_new_replication_data()
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def set_room_is_public_appservice(self, room_id, appservice_id, network_id,
-                                      is_public):
+    def set_room_is_public_appservice(
+        self, room_id, appservice_id, network_id, is_public
+    ):
         """Edit the appservice/network specific public room list.
 
         Each appservice can have a number of published room lists associated
@@ -324,6 +309,7 @@ class RoomStore(RoomWorkerStore, SearchStore):
             is_public (bool): Whether to publish or unpublish the room from the
                 list.
         """
+
         def set_room_is_public_appservice_txn(txn, next_id):
             if is_public:
                 try:
@@ -333,7 +319,7 @@ class RoomStore(RoomWorkerStore, SearchStore):
                         values={
                             "appservice_id": appservice_id,
                             "network_id": network_id,
-                            "room_id": room_id
+                            "room_id": room_id,
                         },
                     )
                 except self.database_engine.module.IntegrityError:
@@ -346,7 +332,7 @@ class RoomStore(RoomWorkerStore, SearchStore):
                     keyvalues={
                         "appservice_id": appservice_id,
                         "network_id": network_id,
-                        "room_id": room_id
+                        "room_id": room_id,
                     },
                 )
 
@@ -377,13 +363,14 @@ class RoomStore(RoomWorkerStore, SearchStore):
                         "visibility": is_public,
                         "appservice_id": appservice_id,
                         "network_id": network_id,
-                    }
+                    },
                 )
 
         with self._public_room_id_gen.get_next() as next_id:
             yield self.runInteraction(
                 "set_room_is_public_appservice",
-                set_room_is_public_appservice_txn, next_id,
+                set_room_is_public_appservice_txn,
+                next_id,
             )
         self.hs.get_notifier().on_new_replication_data()
 
@@ -397,9 +384,7 @@ class RoomStore(RoomWorkerStore, SearchStore):
             row = txn.fetchone()
             return row[0] or 0
 
-        return self.runInteraction(
-            "get_rooms", f
-        )
+        return self.runInteraction("get_rooms", f)
 
     def _store_room_topic_txn(self, txn, event):
         if hasattr(event, "content") and "topic" in event.content:
@@ -414,7 +399,7 @@ class RoomStore(RoomWorkerStore, SearchStore):
             )
 
             self.store_event_search_txn(
-                txn, event, "content.topic", event.content["topic"],
+                txn, event, "content.topic", event.content["topic"]
             )
 
     def _store_room_name_txn(self, txn, event):
@@ -426,17 +411,17 @@ class RoomStore(RoomWorkerStore, SearchStore):
                     "event_id": event.event_id,
                     "room_id": event.room_id,
                     "name": event.content["name"],
-                }
+                },
             )
 
             self.store_event_search_txn(
-                txn, event, "content.name", event.content["name"],
+                txn, event, "content.name", event.content["name"]
             )
 
     def _store_room_message_txn(self, txn, event):
         if hasattr(event, "content") and "body" in event.content:
             self.store_event_search_txn(
-                txn, event, "content.body", event.content["body"],
+                txn, event, "content.body", event.content["body"]
             )
 
     def _store_history_visibility_txn(self, txn, event):
@@ -452,14 +437,11 @@ class RoomStore(RoomWorkerStore, SearchStore):
                 " (event_id, room_id, %(key)s)"
                 " VALUES (?, ?, ?)" % {"key": key}
             )
-            txn.execute(sql, (
-                event.event_id,
-                event.room_id,
-                event.content[key]
-            ))
-
-    def add_event_report(self, room_id, event_id, user_id, reason, content,
-                         received_ts):
+            txn.execute(sql, (event.event_id, event.room_id, event.content[key]))
+
+    def add_event_report(
+        self, room_id, event_id, user_id, reason, content, received_ts
+    ):
         next_id = self._event_reports_id_gen.get_next()
         return self._simple_insert(
             table="event_reports",
@@ -472,7 +454,7 @@ class RoomStore(RoomWorkerStore, SearchStore):
                 "reason": reason,
                 "content": json.dumps(content),
             },
-            desc="add_event_report"
+            desc="add_event_report",
         )
 
     def get_current_public_room_stream_id(self):
@@ -480,23 +462,21 @@ class RoomStore(RoomWorkerStore, SearchStore):
 
     def get_all_new_public_rooms(self, prev_id, current_id, limit):
         def get_all_new_public_rooms(txn):
-            sql = ("""
+            sql = """
                 SELECT stream_id, room_id, visibility, appservice_id, network_id
                 FROM public_room_list_stream
                 WHERE stream_id > ? AND stream_id <= ?
                 ORDER BY stream_id ASC
                 LIMIT ?
-            """)
+            """
 
-            txn.execute(sql, (prev_id, current_id, limit,))
+            txn.execute(sql, (prev_id, current_id, limit))
             return txn.fetchall()
 
         if prev_id == current_id:
             return defer.succeed([])
 
-        return self.runInteraction(
-            "get_all_new_public_rooms", get_all_new_public_rooms
-        )
+        return self.runInteraction("get_all_new_public_rooms", get_all_new_public_rooms)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def block_room(self, room_id, user_id):
@@ -511,19 +491,16 @@ class RoomStore(RoomWorkerStore, SearchStore):
         """
         yield self._simple_upsert(
             table="blocked_rooms",
-            keyvalues={
-                "room_id": room_id,
-            },
+            keyvalues={"room_id": room_id},
             values={},
-            insertion_values={
-                "user_id": user_id,
-            },
+            insertion_values={"user_id": user_id},
             desc="block_room",
         )
         yield self.runInteraction(
             "block_room_invalidation",
             self._invalidate_cache_and_stream,
-            self.is_room_blocked, (room_id,),
+            self.is_room_blocked,
+            (room_id,),
         )
 
     def get_media_mxcs_in_room(self, room_id):
@@ -536,6 +513,7 @@ class RoomStore(RoomWorkerStore, SearchStore):
             The local and remote media as a lists of tuples where the key is
             the hostname and the value is the media ID.
         """
+
         def _get_media_mxcs_in_room_txn(txn):
             local_mxcs, remote_mxcs = self._get_media_mxcs_in_room_txn(txn, room_id)
             local_media_mxcs = []
@@ -548,23 +526,28 @@ class RoomStore(RoomWorkerStore, SearchStore):
                 remote_media_mxcs.append("mxc://%s/%s" % (hostname, media_id))
 
             return local_media_mxcs, remote_media_mxcs
+
         return self.runInteraction("get_media_ids_in_room", _get_media_mxcs_in_room_txn)
 
     def quarantine_media_ids_in_room(self, room_id, quarantined_by):
         """For a room loops through all events with media and quarantines
         the associated media
         """
+
         def _quarantine_media_in_room_txn(txn):
             local_mxcs, remote_mxcs = self._get_media_mxcs_in_room_txn(txn, room_id)
             total_media_quarantined = 0
 
             # Now update all the tables to set the quarantined_by flag
 
-            txn.executemany("""
+            txn.executemany(
+                """
                 UPDATE local_media_repository
                 SET quarantined_by = ?
                 WHERE media_id = ?
-            """, ((quarantined_by, media_id) for media_id in local_mxcs))
+            """,
+                ((quarantined_by, media_id) for media_id in local_mxcs),
+            )
 
             txn.executemany(
                 """
@@ -575,7 +558,7 @@ class RoomStore(RoomWorkerStore, SearchStore):
                 (
                     (quarantined_by, origin, media_id)
                     for origin, media_id in remote_mxcs
-                )
+                ),
             )
 
             total_media_quarantined += len(local_mxcs)
@@ -584,8 +567,7 @@ class RoomStore(RoomWorkerStore, SearchStore):
             return total_media_quarantined
 
         return self.runInteraction(
-            "quarantine_media_in_room",
-            _quarantine_media_in_room_txn,
+            "quarantine_media_in_room", _quarantine_media_in_room_txn
         )
 
     def _get_media_mxcs_in_room_txn(self, txn, room_id):
diff --git a/synapse/storage/search.py b/synapse/storage/search.py
index c6420b2374..226f8f1b7e 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/search.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/search.py
@@ -30,10 +30,10 @@ from .background_updates import BackgroundUpdateStore
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
-SearchEntry = namedtuple('SearchEntry', [
-    'key', 'value', 'event_id', 'room_id', 'stream_ordering',
-    'origin_server_ts',
-])
+SearchEntry = namedtuple(
+    'SearchEntry',
+    ['key', 'value', 'event_id', 'room_id', 'stream_ordering', 'origin_server_ts'],
+)
 
 
 class SearchStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
@@ -53,8 +53,7 @@ class SearchStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
             self.EVENT_SEARCH_UPDATE_NAME, self._background_reindex_search
         )
         self.register_background_update_handler(
-            self.EVENT_SEARCH_ORDER_UPDATE_NAME,
-            self._background_reindex_search_order
+            self.EVENT_SEARCH_ORDER_UPDATE_NAME, self._background_reindex_search_order
         )
 
         # we used to have a background update to turn the GIN index into a
@@ -62,13 +61,10 @@ class SearchStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
         # a GIN index. However, it's possible that some people might still have
         # the background update queued, so we register a handler to clear the
         # background update.
-        self.register_noop_background_update(
-            self.EVENT_SEARCH_USE_GIST_POSTGRES_NAME,
-        )
+        self.register_noop_background_update(self.EVENT_SEARCH_USE_GIST_POSTGRES_NAME)
 
         self.register_background_update_handler(
-            self.EVENT_SEARCH_USE_GIN_POSTGRES_NAME,
-            self._background_reindex_gin_search
+            self.EVENT_SEARCH_USE_GIN_POSTGRES_NAME, self._background_reindex_gin_search
         )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -138,21 +134,23 @@ class SearchStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
                     # then skip over it
                     continue
 
-                event_search_rows.append(SearchEntry(
-                    key=key,
-                    value=value,
-                    event_id=event_id,
-                    room_id=room_id,
-                    stream_ordering=stream_ordering,
-                    origin_server_ts=origin_server_ts,
-                ))
+                event_search_rows.append(
+                    SearchEntry(
+                        key=key,
+                        value=value,
+                        event_id=event_id,
+                        room_id=room_id,
+                        stream_ordering=stream_ordering,
+                        origin_server_ts=origin_server_ts,
+                    )
+                )
 
             self.store_search_entries_txn(txn, event_search_rows)
 
             progress = {
                 "target_min_stream_id_inclusive": target_min_stream_id,
                 "max_stream_id_exclusive": min_stream_id,
-                "rows_inserted": rows_inserted + len(event_search_rows)
+                "rows_inserted": rows_inserted + len(event_search_rows),
             }
 
             self._background_update_progress_txn(
@@ -191,6 +189,7 @@ class SearchStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
                 # doesn't support CREATE INDEX IF EXISTS so we just catch the
                 # exception and ignore it.
                 import psycopg2
+
                 try:
                     c.execute(
                         "CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY event_search_fts_idx"
@@ -198,14 +197,11 @@ class SearchStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
                     )
                 except psycopg2.ProgrammingError as e:
                     logger.warn(
-                        "Ignoring error %r when trying to switch from GIST to GIN",
-                        e
+                        "Ignoring error %r when trying to switch from GIST to GIN", e
                     )
 
                 # we should now be able to delete the GIST index.
-                c.execute(
-                    "DROP INDEX IF EXISTS event_search_fts_idx_gist"
-                )
+                c.execute("DROP INDEX IF EXISTS event_search_fts_idx_gist")
             finally:
                 conn.set_session(autocommit=False)
 
@@ -223,6 +219,7 @@ class SearchStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
         have_added_index = progress['have_added_indexes']
 
         if not have_added_index:
+
             def create_index(conn):
                 conn.rollback()
                 conn.set_session(autocommit=True)
@@ -248,7 +245,8 @@ class SearchStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
             yield self.runInteraction(
                 self.EVENT_SEARCH_ORDER_UPDATE_NAME,
                 self._background_update_progress_txn,
-                self.EVENT_SEARCH_ORDER_UPDATE_NAME, pg,
+                self.EVENT_SEARCH_ORDER_UPDATE_NAME,
+                pg,
             )
 
         def reindex_search_txn(txn):
@@ -302,14 +300,16 @@ class SearchStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
         """
         self.store_search_entries_txn(
             txn,
-            (SearchEntry(
-                key=key,
-                value=value,
-                event_id=event.event_id,
-                room_id=event.room_id,
-                stream_ordering=event.internal_metadata.stream_ordering,
-                origin_server_ts=event.origin_server_ts,
-            ),),
+            (
+                SearchEntry(
+                    key=key,
+                    value=value,
+                    event_id=event.event_id,
+                    room_id=event.room_id,
+                    stream_ordering=event.internal_metadata.stream_ordering,
+                    origin_server_ts=event.origin_server_ts,
+                ),
+            ),
         )
 
     def store_search_entries_txn(self, txn, entries):
@@ -329,10 +329,17 @@ class SearchStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
                 " VALUES (?,?,?,to_tsvector('english', ?),?,?)"
             )
 
-            args = ((
-                entry.event_id, entry.room_id, entry.key, entry.value,
-                entry.stream_ordering, entry.origin_server_ts,
-            ) for entry in entries)
+            args = (
+                (
+                    entry.event_id,
+                    entry.room_id,
+                    entry.key,
+                    entry.value,
+                    entry.stream_ordering,
+                    entry.origin_server_ts,
+                )
+                for entry in entries
+            )
 
             # inserts to a GIN index are normally batched up into a pending
             # list, and then all committed together once the list gets to a
@@ -363,9 +370,10 @@ class SearchStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
                 "INSERT INTO event_search (event_id, room_id, key, value)"
                 " VALUES (?,?,?,?)"
             )
-            args = ((
-                entry.event_id, entry.room_id, entry.key, entry.value,
-            ) for entry in entries)
+            args = (
+                (entry.event_id, entry.room_id, entry.key, entry.value)
+                for entry in entries
+            )
 
             txn.executemany(sql, args)
         else:
@@ -394,9 +402,7 @@ class SearchStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
         # Make sure we don't explode because the person is in too many rooms.
         # We filter the results below regardless.
         if len(room_ids) < 500:
-            clauses.append(
-                "room_id IN (%s)" % (",".join(["?"] * len(room_ids)),)
-            )
+            clauses.append("room_id IN (%s)" % (",".join(["?"] * len(room_ids)),))
             args.extend(room_ids)
 
         local_clauses = []
@@ -404,9 +410,7 @@ class SearchStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
             local_clauses.append("key = ?")
             args.append(key)
 
-        clauses.append(
-            "(%s)" % (" OR ".join(local_clauses),)
-        )
+        clauses.append("(%s)" % (" OR ".join(local_clauses),))
 
         count_args = args
         count_clauses = clauses
@@ -452,18 +456,13 @@ class SearchStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
         # entire table from the database.
         sql += " ORDER BY rank DESC LIMIT 500"
 
-        results = yield self._execute(
-            "search_msgs", self.cursor_to_dict, sql, *args
-        )
+        results = yield self._execute("search_msgs", self.cursor_to_dict, sql, *args)
 
         results = list(filter(lambda row: row["room_id"] in room_ids, results))
 
         events = yield self._get_events([r["event_id"] for r in results])
 
-        event_map = {
-            ev.event_id: ev
-            for ev in events
-        }
+        event_map = {ev.event_id: ev for ev in events}
 
         highlights = None
         if isinstance(self.database_engine, PostgresEngine):
@@ -477,18 +476,17 @@ class SearchStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
 
         count = sum(row["count"] for row in count_results if row["room_id"] in room_ids)
 
-        defer.returnValue({
-            "results": [
-                {
-                    "event": event_map[r["event_id"]],
-                    "rank": r["rank"],
-                }
-                for r in results
-                if r["event_id"] in event_map
-            ],
-            "highlights": highlights,
-            "count": count,
-        })
+        defer.returnValue(
+            {
+                "results": [
+                    {"event": event_map[r["event_id"]], "rank": r["rank"]}
+                    for r in results
+                    if r["event_id"] in event_map
+                ],
+                "highlights": highlights,
+                "count": count,
+            }
+        )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def search_rooms(self, room_ids, search_term, keys, limit, pagination_token=None):
@@ -513,9 +511,7 @@ class SearchStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
         # Make sure we don't explode because the person is in too many rooms.
         # We filter the results below regardless.
         if len(room_ids) < 500:
-            clauses.append(
-                "room_id IN (%s)" % (",".join(["?"] * len(room_ids)),)
-            )
+            clauses.append("room_id IN (%s)" % (",".join(["?"] * len(room_ids)),))
             args.extend(room_ids)
 
         local_clauses = []
@@ -523,9 +519,7 @@ class SearchStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
             local_clauses.append("key = ?")
             args.append(key)
 
-        clauses.append(
-            "(%s)" % (" OR ".join(local_clauses),)
-        )
+        clauses.append("(%s)" % (" OR ".join(local_clauses),))
 
         # take copies of the current args and clauses lists, before adding
         # pagination clauses to main query.
@@ -607,18 +601,13 @@ class SearchStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
 
         args.append(limit)
 
-        results = yield self._execute(
-            "search_rooms", self.cursor_to_dict, sql, *args
-        )
+        results = yield self._execute("search_rooms", self.cursor_to_dict, sql, *args)
 
         results = list(filter(lambda row: row["room_id"] in room_ids, results))
 
         events = yield self._get_events([r["event_id"] for r in results])
 
-        event_map = {
-            ev.event_id: ev
-            for ev in events
-        }
+        event_map = {ev.event_id: ev for ev in events}
 
         highlights = None
         if isinstance(self.database_engine, PostgresEngine):
@@ -632,21 +621,22 @@ class SearchStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
 
         count = sum(row["count"] for row in count_results if row["room_id"] in room_ids)
 
-        defer.returnValue({
-            "results": [
-                {
-                    "event": event_map[r["event_id"]],
-                    "rank": r["rank"],
-                    "pagination_token": "%s,%s" % (
-                        r["origin_server_ts"], r["stream_ordering"]
-                    ),
-                }
-                for r in results
-                if r["event_id"] in event_map
-            ],
-            "highlights": highlights,
-            "count": count,
-        })
+        defer.returnValue(
+            {
+                "results": [
+                    {
+                        "event": event_map[r["event_id"]],
+                        "rank": r["rank"],
+                        "pagination_token": "%s,%s"
+                        % (r["origin_server_ts"], r["stream_ordering"]),
+                    }
+                    for r in results
+                    if r["event_id"] in event_map
+                ],
+                "highlights": highlights,
+                "count": count,
+            }
+        )
 
     def _find_highlights_in_postgres(self, search_query, events):
         """Given a list of events and a search term, return a list of words
@@ -662,6 +652,7 @@ class SearchStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
         Returns:
             deferred : A set of strings.
         """
+
         def f(txn):
             highlight_words = set()
             for event in events:
@@ -689,13 +680,15 @@ class SearchStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
                     stop_sel += ">"
 
                 query = "SELECT ts_headline(?, to_tsquery('english', ?), %s)" % (
-                    _to_postgres_options({
-                        "StartSel": start_sel,
-                        "StopSel": stop_sel,
-                        "MaxFragments": "50",
-                    })
+                    _to_postgres_options(
+                        {
+                            "StartSel": start_sel,
+                            "StopSel": stop_sel,
+                            "MaxFragments": "50",
+                        }
+                    )
                 )
-                txn.execute(query, (value, search_query,))
+                txn.execute(query, (value, search_query))
                 headline, = txn.fetchall()[0]
 
                 # Now we need to pick the possible highlights out of the haedline
@@ -714,9 +707,7 @@ class SearchStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
 
 
 def _to_postgres_options(options_dict):
-    return "'%s'" % (
-        ",".join("%s=%s" % (k, v) for k, v in options_dict.items()),
-    )
+    return "'%s'" % (",".join("%s=%s" % (k, v) for k, v in options_dict.items()),)
 
 
 def _parse_query(database_engine, search_term):
diff --git a/synapse/storage/signatures.py b/synapse/storage/signatures.py
index 158e9dbe7b..6bd81e84ad 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/signatures.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/signatures.py
@@ -39,8 +39,9 @@ class SignatureWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         # to use its cache
         raise NotImplementedError()
 
-    @cachedList(cached_method_name="get_event_reference_hash",
-                list_name="event_ids", num_args=1)
+    @cachedList(
+        cached_method_name="get_event_reference_hash", list_name="event_ids", num_args=1
+    )
     def get_event_reference_hashes(self, event_ids):
         def f(txn):
             return {
@@ -48,21 +49,13 @@ class SignatureWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 for event_id in event_ids
             }
 
-        return self.runInteraction(
-            "get_event_reference_hashes",
-            f
-        )
+        return self.runInteraction("get_event_reference_hashes", f)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def add_event_hashes(self, event_ids):
-        hashes = yield self.get_event_reference_hashes(
-            event_ids
-        )
+        hashes = yield self.get_event_reference_hashes(event_ids)
         hashes = {
-            e_id: {
-                k: encode_base64(v) for k, v in h.items()
-                if k == "sha256"
-            }
+            e_id: {k: encode_base64(v) for k, v in h.items() if k == "sha256"}
             for e_id, h in hashes.items()
         }
 
@@ -81,7 +74,7 @@ class SignatureWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             " FROM event_reference_hashes"
             " WHERE event_id = ?"
         )
-        txn.execute(query, (event_id, ))
+        txn.execute(query, (event_id,))
         return {k: v for k, v in txn}
 
 
@@ -98,14 +91,12 @@ class SignatureStore(SignatureWorkerStore):
         vals = []
         for event in events:
             ref_alg, ref_hash_bytes = compute_event_reference_hash(event)
-            vals.append({
-                "event_id": event.event_id,
-                "algorithm": ref_alg,
-                "hash": db_binary_type(ref_hash_bytes),
-            })
-
-        self._simple_insert_many_txn(
-            txn,
-            table="event_reference_hashes",
-            values=vals,
-        )
+            vals.append(
+                {
+                    "event_id": event.event_id,
+                    "algorithm": ref_alg,
+                    "hash": db_binary_type(ref_hash_bytes),
+                }
+            )
+
+        self._simple_insert_many_txn(txn, table="event_reference_hashes", values=vals)
diff --git a/synapse/storage/state.py b/synapse/storage/state.py
index 6ddc4055d2..0bfe1b4550 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/state.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/state.py
@@ -40,10 +40,13 @@ logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 MAX_STATE_DELTA_HOPS = 100
 
 
-class _GetStateGroupDelta(namedtuple("_GetStateGroupDelta", ("prev_group", "delta_ids"))):
+class _GetStateGroupDelta(
+    namedtuple("_GetStateGroupDelta", ("prev_group", "delta_ids"))
+):
     """Return type of get_state_group_delta that implements __len__, which lets
     us use the itrable flag when caching
     """
+
     __slots__ = []
 
     def __len__(self):
@@ -70,10 +73,7 @@ class StateFilter(object):
         # If `include_others` is set we canonicalise the filter by removing
         # wildcards from the types dictionary
         if self.include_others:
-            self.types = {
-                k: v for k, v in iteritems(self.types)
-                if v is not None
-            }
+            self.types = {k: v for k, v in iteritems(self.types) if v is not None}
 
     @staticmethod
     def all():
@@ -130,10 +130,7 @@ class StateFilter(object):
         Returns:
             StateFilter
         """
-        return StateFilter(
-            types={EventTypes.Member: set(members)},
-            include_others=True,
-        )
+        return StateFilter(types={EventTypes.Member: set(members)}, include_others=True)
 
     def return_expanded(self):
         """Creates a new StateFilter where type wild cards have been removed
@@ -243,9 +240,7 @@ class StateFilter(object):
             if where_clause:
                 where_clause += " OR "
 
-            where_clause += "type NOT IN (%s)" % (
-                ",".join(["?"] * len(self.types)),
-            )
+            where_clause += "type NOT IN (%s)" % (",".join(["?"] * len(self.types)),)
             where_args.extend(self.types)
 
         return where_clause, where_args
@@ -305,12 +300,8 @@ class StateFilter(object):
             bool
         """
 
-        return (
-            self.include_others
-            or any(
-                state_keys is None
-                for state_keys in itervalues(self.types)
-            )
+        return self.include_others or any(
+            state_keys is None for state_keys in itervalues(self.types)
         )
 
     def concrete_types(self):
@@ -406,11 +397,11 @@ class StateGroupWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
         self._state_group_cache = DictionaryCache(
             "*stateGroupCache*",
             # TODO: this hasn't been tuned yet
-            50000 * get_cache_factor_for("stateGroupCache")
+            50000 * get_cache_factor_for("stateGroupCache"),
         )
         self._state_group_members_cache = DictionaryCache(
             "*stateGroupMembersCache*",
-            500000 * get_cache_factor_for("stateGroupMembersCache")
+            500000 * get_cache_factor_for("stateGroupMembersCache"),
         )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -488,22 +479,20 @@ class StateGroupWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
         Returns:
             deferred: dict of (type, state_key) -> event_id
         """
+
         def _get_current_state_ids_txn(txn):
             txn.execute(
                 """SELECT type, state_key, event_id FROM current_state_events
                 WHERE room_id = ?
                 """,
-                (room_id,)
+                (room_id,),
             )
 
             return {
                 (intern_string(r[0]), intern_string(r[1])): to_ascii(r[2]) for r in txn
             }
 
-        return self.runInteraction(
-            "get_current_state_ids",
-            _get_current_state_ids_txn,
-        )
+        return self.runInteraction("get_current_state_ids", _get_current_state_ids_txn)
 
     # FIXME: how should this be cached?
     def get_filtered_current_state_ids(self, room_id, state_filter=StateFilter.all()):
@@ -544,8 +533,7 @@ class StateGroupWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
             return results
 
         return self.runInteraction(
-            "get_filtered_current_state_ids",
-            _get_filtered_current_state_ids_txn,
+            "get_filtered_current_state_ids", _get_filtered_current_state_ids_txn
         )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -559,9 +547,9 @@ class StateGroupWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
             Deferred[str|None]: The canonical alias, if any
         """
 
-        state = yield self.get_filtered_current_state_ids(room_id, StateFilter.from_types(
-            [(EventTypes.CanonicalAlias, "")]
-        ))
+        state = yield self.get_filtered_current_state_ids(
+            room_id, StateFilter.from_types([(EventTypes.CanonicalAlias, "")])
+        )
 
         event_id = state.get((EventTypes.CanonicalAlias, ""))
         if not event_id:
@@ -581,13 +569,12 @@ class StateGroupWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
         Returns:
             (prev_group, delta_ids), where both may be None.
         """
+
         def _get_state_group_delta_txn(txn):
             prev_group = self._simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="state_group_edges",
-                keyvalues={
-                    "state_group": state_group,
-                },
+                keyvalues={"state_group": state_group},
                 retcol="prev_state_group",
                 allow_none=True,
             )
@@ -598,20 +585,16 @@ class StateGroupWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
             delta_ids = self._simple_select_list_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="state_groups_state",
-                keyvalues={
-                    "state_group": state_group,
-                },
-                retcols=("type", "state_key", "event_id",)
+                keyvalues={"state_group": state_group},
+                retcols=("type", "state_key", "event_id"),
             )
 
-            return _GetStateGroupDelta(prev_group, {
-                (row["type"], row["state_key"]): row["event_id"]
-                for row in delta_ids
-            })
-        return self.runInteraction(
-            "get_state_group_delta",
-            _get_state_group_delta_txn,
-        )
+            return _GetStateGroupDelta(
+                prev_group,
+                {(row["type"], row["state_key"]): row["event_id"] for row in delta_ids},
+            )
+
+        return self.runInteraction("get_state_group_delta", _get_state_group_delta_txn)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_state_groups_ids(self, _room_id, event_ids):
@@ -628,9 +611,7 @@ class StateGroupWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
         if not event_ids:
             defer.returnValue({})
 
-        event_to_groups = yield self._get_state_group_for_events(
-            event_ids,
-        )
+        event_to_groups = yield self._get_state_group_for_events(event_ids)
 
         groups = set(itervalues(event_to_groups))
         group_to_state = yield self._get_state_for_groups(groups)
@@ -666,19 +647,23 @@ class StateGroupWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
 
         state_event_map = yield self.get_events(
             [
-                ev_id for group_ids in itervalues(group_to_ids)
+                ev_id
+                for group_ids in itervalues(group_to_ids)
                 for ev_id in itervalues(group_ids)
             ],
-            get_prev_content=False
+            get_prev_content=False,
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue({
-            group: [
-                state_event_map[v] for v in itervalues(event_id_map)
-                if v in state_event_map
-            ]
-            for group, event_id_map in iteritems(group_to_ids)
-        })
+        defer.returnValue(
+            {
+                group: [
+                    state_event_map[v]
+                    for v in itervalues(event_id_map)
+                    if v in state_event_map
+                ]
+                for group, event_id_map in iteritems(group_to_ids)
+            }
+        )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _get_state_groups_from_groups(self, groups, state_filter):
@@ -695,18 +680,20 @@ class StateGroupWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
         """
         results = {}
 
-        chunks = [groups[i:i + 100] for i in range(0, len(groups), 100)]
+        chunks = [groups[i : i + 100] for i in range(0, len(groups), 100)]
         for chunk in chunks:
             res = yield self.runInteraction(
                 "_get_state_groups_from_groups",
-                self._get_state_groups_from_groups_txn, chunk, state_filter,
+                self._get_state_groups_from_groups_txn,
+                chunk,
+                state_filter,
             )
             results.update(res)
 
         defer.returnValue(results)
 
     def _get_state_groups_from_groups_txn(
-        self, txn, groups, state_filter=StateFilter.all(),
+        self, txn, groups, state_filter=StateFilter.all()
     ):
         results = {group: {} for group in groups}
 
@@ -776,7 +763,7 @@ class StateGroupWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
                     txn.execute(
                         "SELECT type, state_key, event_id FROM state_groups_state"
                         " WHERE state_group = ? " + where_clause,
-                        args
+                        args,
                     )
                     results[group].update(
                         ((typ, state_key), event_id)
@@ -791,8 +778,8 @@ class StateGroupWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
                     # wildcards (i.e. Nones) in which case we have to do an exhaustive
                     # search
                     if (
-                        max_entries_returned is not None and
-                        len(results[group]) == max_entries_returned
+                        max_entries_returned is not None
+                        and len(results[group]) == max_entries_returned
                     ):
                         break
 
@@ -819,16 +806,14 @@ class StateGroupWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
         Returns:
             deferred: A dict of (event_id) -> (type, state_key) -> [state_events]
         """
-        event_to_groups = yield self._get_state_group_for_events(
-            event_ids,
-        )
+        event_to_groups = yield self._get_state_group_for_events(event_ids)
 
         groups = set(itervalues(event_to_groups))
         group_to_state = yield self._get_state_for_groups(groups, state_filter)
 
         state_event_map = yield self.get_events(
             [ev_id for sd in itervalues(group_to_state) for ev_id in itervalues(sd)],
-            get_prev_content=False
+            get_prev_content=False,
         )
 
         event_to_state = {
@@ -856,9 +841,7 @@ class StateGroupWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
         Returns:
             A deferred dict from event_id -> (type, state_key) -> event_id
         """
-        event_to_groups = yield self._get_state_group_for_events(
-            event_ids,
-        )
+        event_to_groups = yield self._get_state_group_for_events(event_ids)
 
         groups = set(itervalues(event_to_groups))
         group_to_state = yield self._get_state_for_groups(groups, state_filter)
@@ -906,16 +889,18 @@ class StateGroupWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
     def _get_state_group_for_event(self, event_id):
         return self._simple_select_one_onecol(
             table="event_to_state_groups",
-            keyvalues={
-                "event_id": event_id,
-            },
+            keyvalues={"event_id": event_id},
             retcol="state_group",
             allow_none=True,
             desc="_get_state_group_for_event",
         )
 
-    @cachedList(cached_method_name="_get_state_group_for_event",
-                list_name="event_ids", num_args=1, inlineCallbacks=True)
+    @cachedList(
+        cached_method_name="_get_state_group_for_event",
+        list_name="event_ids",
+        num_args=1,
+        inlineCallbacks=True,
+    )
     def _get_state_group_for_events(self, event_ids):
         """Returns mapping event_id -> state_group
         """
@@ -924,7 +909,7 @@ class StateGroupWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
             column="event_id",
             iterable=event_ids,
             keyvalues={},
-            retcols=("event_id", "state_group",),
+            retcols=("event_id", "state_group"),
             desc="_get_state_group_for_events",
         )
 
@@ -989,15 +974,13 @@ class StateGroupWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
         # Now we look them up in the member and non-member caches
         non_member_state, incomplete_groups_nm, = (
             yield self._get_state_for_groups_using_cache(
-                groups, self._state_group_cache,
-                state_filter=non_member_filter,
+                groups, self._state_group_cache, state_filter=non_member_filter
             )
         )
 
         member_state, incomplete_groups_m, = (
             yield self._get_state_for_groups_using_cache(
-                groups, self._state_group_members_cache,
-                state_filter=member_filter,
+                groups, self._state_group_members_cache, state_filter=member_filter
             )
         )
 
@@ -1019,8 +1002,7 @@ class StateGroupWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
         db_state_filter = state_filter.return_expanded()
 
         group_to_state_dict = yield self._get_state_groups_from_groups(
-            list(incomplete_groups),
-            state_filter=db_state_filter,
+            list(incomplete_groups), state_filter=db_state_filter
         )
 
         # Now lets update the caches
@@ -1040,9 +1022,7 @@ class StateGroupWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
 
         defer.returnValue(state)
 
-    def _get_state_for_groups_using_cache(
-        self, groups, cache, state_filter,
-    ):
+    def _get_state_for_groups_using_cache(self, groups, cache, state_filter):
         """Gets the state at each of a list of state groups, optionally
         filtering by type/state_key, querying from a specific cache.
 
@@ -1074,8 +1054,13 @@ class StateGroupWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
 
         return results, incomplete_groups
 
-    def _insert_into_cache(self, group_to_state_dict, state_filter,
-                           cache_seq_num_members, cache_seq_num_non_members):
+    def _insert_into_cache(
+        self,
+        group_to_state_dict,
+        state_filter,
+        cache_seq_num_members,
+        cache_seq_num_non_members,
+    ):
         """Inserts results from querying the database into the relevant cache.
 
         Args:
@@ -1132,8 +1117,9 @@ class StateGroupWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
                 fetched_keys=non_member_types,
             )
 
-    def store_state_group(self, event_id, room_id, prev_group, delta_ids,
-                          current_state_ids):
+    def store_state_group(
+        self, event_id, room_id, prev_group, delta_ids, current_state_ids
+    ):
         """Store a new set of state, returning a newly assigned state group.
 
         Args:
@@ -1149,6 +1135,7 @@ class StateGroupWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
         Returns:
             Deferred[int]: The state group ID
         """
+
         def _store_state_group_txn(txn):
             if current_state_ids is None:
                 # AFAIK, this can never happen
@@ -1159,11 +1146,7 @@ class StateGroupWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
             self._simple_insert_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="state_groups",
-                values={
-                    "id": state_group,
-                    "room_id": room_id,
-                    "event_id": event_id,
-                },
+                values={"id": state_group, "room_id": room_id, "event_id": event_id},
             )
 
             # We persist as a delta if we can, while also ensuring the chain
@@ -1182,17 +1165,12 @@ class StateGroupWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
                         % (prev_group,)
                     )
 
-                potential_hops = self._count_state_group_hops_txn(
-                    txn, prev_group
-                )
+                potential_hops = self._count_state_group_hops_txn(txn, prev_group)
             if prev_group and potential_hops < MAX_STATE_DELTA_HOPS:
                 self._simple_insert_txn(
                     txn,
                     table="state_group_edges",
-                    values={
-                        "state_group": state_group,
-                        "prev_state_group": prev_group,
-                    },
+                    values={"state_group": state_group, "prev_state_group": prev_group},
                 )
 
                 self._simple_insert_many_txn(
@@ -1264,7 +1242,7 @@ class StateGroupWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
         This is used to ensure the delta chains don't get too long.
         """
         if isinstance(self.database_engine, PostgresEngine):
-            sql = ("""
+            sql = """
                 WITH RECURSIVE state(state_group) AS (
                     VALUES(?::bigint)
                     UNION ALL
@@ -1272,7 +1250,7 @@ class StateGroupWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
                     WHERE s.state_group = e.state_group
                 )
                 SELECT count(*) FROM state;
-            """)
+            """
 
             txn.execute(sql, (state_group,))
             row = txn.fetchone()
@@ -1331,8 +1309,7 @@ class StateStore(StateGroupWorkerStore, BackgroundUpdateStore):
             self._background_deduplicate_state,
         )
         self.register_background_update_handler(
-            self.STATE_GROUP_INDEX_UPDATE_NAME,
-            self._background_index_state,
+            self.STATE_GROUP_INDEX_UPDATE_NAME, self._background_index_state
         )
         self.register_background_index_update(
             self.CURRENT_STATE_INDEX_UPDATE_NAME,
@@ -1366,18 +1343,14 @@ class StateStore(StateGroupWorkerStore, BackgroundUpdateStore):
             txn,
             table="event_to_state_groups",
             values=[
-                {
-                    "state_group": state_group_id,
-                    "event_id": event_id,
-                }
+                {"state_group": state_group_id, "event_id": event_id}
                 for event_id, state_group_id in iteritems(state_groups)
             ],
         )
 
         for event_id, state_group_id in iteritems(state_groups):
             txn.call_after(
-                self._get_state_group_for_event.prefill,
-                (event_id,), state_group_id
+                self._get_state_group_for_event.prefill, (event_id,), state_group_id
             )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -1395,7 +1368,8 @@ class StateStore(StateGroupWorkerStore, BackgroundUpdateStore):
 
         if max_group is None:
             rows = yield self._execute(
-                "_background_deduplicate_state", None,
+                "_background_deduplicate_state",
+                None,
                 "SELECT coalesce(max(id), 0) FROM state_groups",
             )
             max_group = rows[0][0]
@@ -1408,7 +1382,7 @@ class StateStore(StateGroupWorkerStore, BackgroundUpdateStore):
                     " WHERE ? < id AND id <= ?"
                     " ORDER BY id ASC"
                     " LIMIT 1",
-                    (new_last_state_group, max_group,)
+                    (new_last_state_group, max_group),
                 )
                 row = txn.fetchone()
                 if row:
@@ -1420,7 +1394,7 @@ class StateStore(StateGroupWorkerStore, BackgroundUpdateStore):
                 txn.execute(
                     "SELECT state_group FROM state_group_edges"
                     " WHERE state_group = ?",
-                    (state_group,)
+                    (state_group,),
                 )
 
                 # If we reach a point where we've already started inserting
@@ -1431,27 +1405,25 @@ class StateStore(StateGroupWorkerStore, BackgroundUpdateStore):
                 txn.execute(
                     "SELECT coalesce(max(id), 0) FROM state_groups"
                     " WHERE id < ? AND room_id = ?",
-                    (state_group, room_id,)
+                    (state_group, room_id),
                 )
                 prev_group, = txn.fetchone()
                 new_last_state_group = state_group
 
                 if prev_group:
-                    potential_hops = self._count_state_group_hops_txn(
-                        txn, prev_group
-                    )
+                    potential_hops = self._count_state_group_hops_txn(txn, prev_group)
                     if potential_hops >= MAX_STATE_DELTA_HOPS:
                         # We want to ensure chains are at most this long,#
                         # otherwise read performance degrades.
                         continue
 
                     prev_state = self._get_state_groups_from_groups_txn(
-                        txn, [prev_group],
+                        txn, [prev_group]
                     )
                     prev_state = prev_state[prev_group]
 
                     curr_state = self._get_state_groups_from_groups_txn(
-                        txn, [state_group],
+                        txn, [state_group]
                     )
                     curr_state = curr_state[state_group]
 
@@ -1460,16 +1432,15 @@ class StateStore(StateGroupWorkerStore, BackgroundUpdateStore):
                         # of keys
 
                         delta_state = {
-                            key: value for key, value in iteritems(curr_state)
+                            key: value
+                            for key, value in iteritems(curr_state)
                             if prev_state.get(key, None) != value
                         }
 
                         self._simple_delete_txn(
                             txn,
                             table="state_group_edges",
-                            keyvalues={
-                                "state_group": state_group,
-                            }
+                            keyvalues={"state_group": state_group},
                         )
 
                         self._simple_insert_txn(
@@ -1478,15 +1449,13 @@ class StateStore(StateGroupWorkerStore, BackgroundUpdateStore):
                             values={
                                 "state_group": state_group,
                                 "prev_state_group": prev_group,
-                            }
+                            },
                         )
 
                         self._simple_delete_txn(
                             txn,
                             table="state_groups_state",
-                            keyvalues={
-                                "state_group": state_group,
-                            }
+                            keyvalues={"state_group": state_group},
                         )
 
                         self._simple_insert_many_txn(
@@ -1521,7 +1490,9 @@ class StateStore(StateGroupWorkerStore, BackgroundUpdateStore):
         )
 
         if finished:
-            yield self._end_background_update(self.STATE_GROUP_DEDUPLICATION_UPDATE_NAME)
+            yield self._end_background_update(
+                self.STATE_GROUP_DEDUPLICATION_UPDATE_NAME
+            )
 
         defer.returnValue(result * BATCH_SIZE_SCALE_FACTOR)
 
@@ -1538,9 +1509,7 @@ class StateStore(StateGroupWorkerStore, BackgroundUpdateStore):
                         "CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY state_groups_state_type_idx"
                         " ON state_groups_state(state_group, type, state_key)"
                     )
-                    txn.execute(
-                        "DROP INDEX IF EXISTS state_groups_state_id"
-                    )
+                    txn.execute("DROP INDEX IF EXISTS state_groups_state_id")
                 finally:
                     conn.set_session(autocommit=False)
             else:
@@ -1549,9 +1518,7 @@ class StateStore(StateGroupWorkerStore, BackgroundUpdateStore):
                     "CREATE INDEX state_groups_state_type_idx"
                     " ON state_groups_state(state_group, type, state_key)"
                 )
-                txn.execute(
-                    "DROP INDEX IF EXISTS state_groups_state_id"
-                )
+                txn.execute("DROP INDEX IF EXISTS state_groups_state_id")
 
         yield self.runWithConnection(reindex_txn)
 
diff --git a/synapse/storage/state_deltas.py b/synapse/storage/state_deltas.py
index 57bc45cdb9..56e42f583d 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/state_deltas.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/state_deltas.py
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
 class StateDeltasStore(SQLBaseStore):
-
     def get_current_state_deltas(self, prev_stream_id):
         prev_stream_id = int(prev_stream_id)
-        if not self._curr_state_delta_stream_cache.has_any_entity_changed(prev_stream_id):
+        if not self._curr_state_delta_stream_cache.has_any_entity_changed(
+            prev_stream_id
+        ):
             return []
 
         def get_current_state_deltas_txn(txn):
@@ -58,7 +59,7 @@ class StateDeltasStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 WHERE ? < stream_id AND stream_id <= ?
                 ORDER BY stream_id ASC
             """
-            txn.execute(sql, (prev_stream_id, max_stream_id,))
+            txn.execute(sql, (prev_stream_id, max_stream_id))
             return self.cursor_to_dict(txn)
 
         return self.runInteraction(
diff --git a/synapse/storage/stream.py b/synapse/storage/stream.py
index 580fafeb3a..9cd1e0f9fe 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/stream.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/stream.py
@@ -59,9 +59,9 @@ _TOPOLOGICAL_TOKEN = "topological"
 
 
 # Used as return values for pagination APIs
-_EventDictReturn = namedtuple("_EventDictReturn", (
-    "event_id", "topological_ordering", "stream_ordering",
-))
+_EventDictReturn = namedtuple(
+    "_EventDictReturn", ("event_id", "topological_ordering", "stream_ordering")
+)
 
 
 def lower_bound(token, engine, inclusive=False):
@@ -74,13 +74,20 @@ def lower_bound(token, engine, inclusive=False):
             # as it optimises ``(x,y) < (a,b)`` on multicolumn indexes. So we
             # use the later form when running against postgres.
             return "((%d,%d) <%s (%s,%s))" % (
-                token.topological, token.stream, inclusive,
-                "topological_ordering", "stream_ordering",
+                token.topological,
+                token.stream,
+                inclusive,
+                "topological_ordering",
+                "stream_ordering",
             )
         return "(%d < %s OR (%d = %s AND %d <%s %s))" % (
-            token.topological, "topological_ordering",
-            token.topological, "topological_ordering",
-            token.stream, inclusive, "stream_ordering",
+            token.topological,
+            "topological_ordering",
+            token.topological,
+            "topological_ordering",
+            token.stream,
+            inclusive,
+            "stream_ordering",
         )
 
 
@@ -94,13 +101,20 @@ def upper_bound(token, engine, inclusive=True):
             # as it optimises ``(x,y) > (a,b)`` on multicolumn indexes. So we
             # use the later form when running against postgres.
             return "((%d,%d) >%s (%s,%s))" % (
-                token.topological, token.stream, inclusive,
-                "topological_ordering", "stream_ordering",
+                token.topological,
+                token.stream,
+                inclusive,
+                "topological_ordering",
+                "stream_ordering",
             )
         return "(%d > %s OR (%d = %s AND %d >%s %s))" % (
-            token.topological, "topological_ordering",
-            token.topological, "topological_ordering",
-            token.stream, inclusive, "stream_ordering",
+            token.topological,
+            "topological_ordering",
+            token.topological,
+            "topological_ordering",
+            token.stream,
+            inclusive,
+            "stream_ordering",
         )
 
 
@@ -116,9 +130,7 @@ def filter_to_clause(event_filter):
     args = []
 
     if event_filter.types:
-        clauses.append(
-            "(%s)" % " OR ".join("type = ?" for _ in event_filter.types)
-        )
+        clauses.append("(%s)" % " OR ".join("type = ?" for _ in event_filter.types))
         args.extend(event_filter.types)
 
     for typ in event_filter.not_types:
@@ -126,9 +138,7 @@ def filter_to_clause(event_filter):
         args.append(typ)
 
     if event_filter.senders:
-        clauses.append(
-            "(%s)" % " OR ".join("sender = ?" for _ in event_filter.senders)
-        )
+        clauses.append("(%s)" % " OR ".join("sender = ?" for _ in event_filter.senders))
         args.extend(event_filter.senders)
 
     for sender in event_filter.not_senders:
@@ -136,9 +146,7 @@ def filter_to_clause(event_filter):
         args.append(sender)
 
     if event_filter.rooms:
-        clauses.append(
-            "(%s)" % " OR ".join("room_id = ?" for _ in event_filter.rooms)
-        )
+        clauses.append("(%s)" % " OR ".join("room_id = ?" for _ in event_filter.rooms))
         args.extend(event_filter.rooms)
 
     for room_id in event_filter.not_rooms:
@@ -165,17 +173,19 @@ class StreamWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
 
         events_max = self.get_room_max_stream_ordering()
         event_cache_prefill, min_event_val = self._get_cache_dict(
-            db_conn, "events",
+            db_conn,
+            "events",
             entity_column="room_id",
             stream_column="stream_ordering",
             max_value=events_max,
         )
         self._events_stream_cache = StreamChangeCache(
-            "EventsRoomStreamChangeCache", min_event_val,
+            "EventsRoomStreamChangeCache",
+            min_event_val,
             prefilled_cache=event_cache_prefill,
         )
         self._membership_stream_cache = StreamChangeCache(
-            "MembershipStreamChangeCache", events_max,
+            "MembershipStreamChangeCache", events_max
         )
 
         self._stream_order_on_start = self.get_room_max_stream_ordering()
@@ -189,8 +199,9 @@ class StreamWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
         raise NotImplementedError()
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def get_room_events_stream_for_rooms(self, room_ids, from_key, to_key, limit=0,
-                                         order='DESC'):
+    def get_room_events_stream_for_rooms(
+        self, room_ids, from_key, to_key, limit=0, order='DESC'
+    ):
         """Get new room events in stream ordering since `from_key`.
 
         Args:
@@ -221,14 +232,23 @@ class StreamWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
 
         results = {}
         room_ids = list(room_ids)
-        for rm_ids in (room_ids[i:i + 20] for i in range(0, len(room_ids), 20)):
-            res = yield make_deferred_yieldable(defer.gatherResults([
-                run_in_background(
-                    self.get_room_events_stream_for_room,
-                    room_id, from_key, to_key, limit, order=order,
+        for rm_ids in (room_ids[i : i + 20] for i in range(0, len(room_ids), 20)):
+            res = yield make_deferred_yieldable(
+                defer.gatherResults(
+                    [
+                        run_in_background(
+                            self.get_room_events_stream_for_room,
+                            room_id,
+                            from_key,
+                            to_key,
+                            limit,
+                            order=order,
+                        )
+                        for room_id in rm_ids
+                    ],
+                    consumeErrors=True,
                 )
-                for room_id in rm_ids
-            ], consumeErrors=True))
+            )
             results.update(dict(zip(rm_ids, res)))
 
         defer.returnValue(results)
@@ -243,13 +263,15 @@ class StreamWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
         """
         from_key = RoomStreamToken.parse_stream_token(from_key).stream
         return set(
-            room_id for room_id in room_ids
+            room_id
+            for room_id in room_ids
             if self._events_stream_cache.has_entity_changed(room_id, from_key)
         )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def get_room_events_stream_for_room(self, room_id, from_key, to_key, limit=0,
-                                        order='DESC'):
+    def get_room_events_stream_for_room(
+        self, room_id, from_key, to_key, limit=0, order='DESC'
+    ):
 
         """Get new room events in stream ordering since `from_key`.
 
@@ -297,10 +319,7 @@ class StreamWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
 
         rows = yield self.runInteraction("get_room_events_stream_for_room", f)
 
-        ret = yield self._get_events(
-            [r.event_id for r in rows],
-            get_prev_content=True
-        )
+        ret = yield self._get_events([r.event_id for r in rows], get_prev_content=True)
 
         self._set_before_and_after(ret, rows, topo_order=from_id is None)
 
@@ -340,7 +359,7 @@ class StreamWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
                 " AND e.stream_ordering > ? AND e.stream_ordering <= ?"
                 " ORDER BY e.stream_ordering ASC"
             )
-            txn.execute(sql, (user_id, from_id, to_id,))
+            txn.execute(sql, (user_id, from_id, to_id))
 
             rows = [_EventDictReturn(row[0], None, row[1]) for row in txn]
 
@@ -348,10 +367,7 @@ class StreamWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
 
         rows = yield self.runInteraction("get_membership_changes_for_user", f)
 
-        ret = yield self._get_events(
-            [r.event_id for r in rows],
-            get_prev_content=True
-        )
+        ret = yield self._get_events([r.event_id for r in rows], get_prev_content=True)
 
         self._set_before_and_after(ret, rows, topo_order=False)
 
@@ -374,13 +390,12 @@ class StreamWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
         """
 
         rows, token = yield self.get_recent_event_ids_for_room(
-            room_id, limit, end_token,
+            room_id, limit, end_token
         )
 
         logger.debug("stream before")
         events = yield self._get_events(
-            [r.event_id for r in rows],
-            get_prev_content=True
+            [r.event_id for r in rows], get_prev_content=True
         )
         logger.debug("stream after")
 
@@ -410,8 +425,11 @@ class StreamWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
         end_token = RoomStreamToken.parse(end_token)
 
         rows, token = yield self.runInteraction(
-            "get_recent_event_ids_for_room", self._paginate_room_events_txn,
-            room_id, from_token=end_token, limit=limit,
+            "get_recent_event_ids_for_room",
+            self._paginate_room_events_txn,
+            room_id,
+            from_token=end_token,
+            limit=limit,
         )
 
         # We want to return the results in ascending order.
@@ -430,6 +448,7 @@ class StreamWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
             Deferred[(int, int, str)]:
                 (stream ordering, topological ordering, event_id)
         """
+
         def _f(txn):
             sql = (
                 "SELECT stream_ordering, topological_ordering, event_id"
@@ -439,12 +458,10 @@ class StreamWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
                 " ORDER BY stream_ordering"
                 " LIMIT 1"
             )
-            txn.execute(sql, (room_id, stream_ordering, ))
+            txn.execute(sql, (room_id, stream_ordering))
             return txn.fetchone()
 
-        return self.runInteraction(
-            "get_room_event_after_stream_ordering", _f,
-        )
+        return self.runInteraction("get_room_event_after_stream_ordering", _f)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_room_events_max_id(self, room_id=None):
@@ -459,8 +476,7 @@ class StreamWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
             defer.returnValue("s%d" % (token,))
         else:
             topo = yield self.runInteraction(
-                "_get_max_topological_txn", self._get_max_topological_txn,
-                room_id,
+                "_get_max_topological_txn", self._get_max_topological_txn, room_id
             )
             defer.returnValue("t%d-%d" % (topo, token))
 
@@ -474,9 +490,7 @@ class StreamWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
             A deferred "s%d" stream token.
         """
         return self._simple_select_one_onecol(
-            table="events",
-            keyvalues={"event_id": event_id},
-            retcol="stream_ordering",
+            table="events", keyvalues={"event_id": event_id}, retcol="stream_ordering"
         ).addCallback(lambda row: "s%d" % (row,))
 
     def get_topological_token_for_event(self, event_id):
@@ -493,8 +507,8 @@ class StreamWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
             keyvalues={"event_id": event_id},
             retcols=("stream_ordering", "topological_ordering"),
             desc="get_topological_token_for_event",
-        ).addCallback(lambda row: "t%d-%d" % (
-            row["topological_ordering"], row["stream_ordering"],)
+        ).addCallback(
+            lambda row: "t%d-%d" % (row["topological_ordering"], row["stream_ordering"])
         )
 
     def get_max_topological_token(self, room_id, stream_key):
@@ -503,17 +517,13 @@ class StreamWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
             " WHERE room_id = ? AND stream_ordering < ?"
         )
         return self._execute(
-            "get_max_topological_token", None,
-            sql, room_id, stream_key,
-        ).addCallback(
-            lambda r: r[0][0] if r else 0
-        )
+            "get_max_topological_token", None, sql, room_id, stream_key
+        ).addCallback(lambda r: r[0][0] if r else 0)
 
     def _get_max_topological_txn(self, txn, room_id):
         txn.execute(
-            "SELECT MAX(topological_ordering) FROM events"
-            " WHERE room_id = ?",
-            (room_id,)
+            "SELECT MAX(topological_ordering) FROM events" " WHERE room_id = ?",
+            (room_id,),
         )
 
         rows = txn.fetchall()
@@ -540,14 +550,11 @@ class StreamWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
             internal = event.internal_metadata
             internal.before = str(RoomStreamToken(topo, stream - 1))
             internal.after = str(RoomStreamToken(topo, stream))
-            internal.order = (
-                int(topo) if topo else 0,
-                int(stream),
-            )
+            internal.order = (int(topo) if topo else 0, int(stream))
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_events_around(
-        self, room_id, event_id, before_limit, after_limit, event_filter=None,
+        self, room_id, event_id, before_limit, after_limit, event_filter=None
     ):
         """Retrieve events and pagination tokens around a given event in a
         room.
@@ -564,29 +571,34 @@ class StreamWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
         """
 
         results = yield self.runInteraction(
-            "get_events_around", self._get_events_around_txn,
-            room_id, event_id, before_limit, after_limit, event_filter,
+            "get_events_around",
+            self._get_events_around_txn,
+            room_id,
+            event_id,
+            before_limit,
+            after_limit,
+            event_filter,
         )
 
         events_before = yield self._get_events(
-            [e for e in results["before"]["event_ids"]],
-            get_prev_content=True
+            [e for e in results["before"]["event_ids"]], get_prev_content=True
         )
 
         events_after = yield self._get_events(
-            [e for e in results["after"]["event_ids"]],
-            get_prev_content=True
+            [e for e in results["after"]["event_ids"]], get_prev_content=True
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue({
-            "events_before": events_before,
-            "events_after": events_after,
-            "start": results["before"]["token"],
-            "end": results["after"]["token"],
-        })
+        defer.returnValue(
+            {
+                "events_before": events_before,
+                "events_after": events_after,
+                "start": results["before"]["token"],
+                "end": results["after"]["token"],
+            }
+        )
 
     def _get_events_around_txn(
-        self, txn, room_id, event_id, before_limit, after_limit, event_filter,
+        self, txn, room_id, event_id, before_limit, after_limit, event_filter
     ):
         """Retrieves event_ids and pagination tokens around a given event in a
         room.
@@ -605,46 +617,43 @@ class StreamWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
         results = self._simple_select_one_txn(
             txn,
             "events",
-            keyvalues={
-                "event_id": event_id,
-                "room_id": room_id,
-            },
+            keyvalues={"event_id": event_id, "room_id": room_id},
             retcols=["stream_ordering", "topological_ordering"],
         )
 
         # Paginating backwards includes the event at the token, but paginating
         # forward doesn't.
         before_token = RoomStreamToken(
-            results["topological_ordering"] - 1,
-            results["stream_ordering"],
+            results["topological_ordering"] - 1, results["stream_ordering"]
         )
 
         after_token = RoomStreamToken(
-            results["topological_ordering"],
-            results["stream_ordering"],
+            results["topological_ordering"], results["stream_ordering"]
         )
 
         rows, start_token = self._paginate_room_events_txn(
-            txn, room_id, before_token, direction='b', limit=before_limit,
+            txn,
+            room_id,
+            before_token,
+            direction='b',
+            limit=before_limit,
             event_filter=event_filter,
         )
         events_before = [r.event_id for r in rows]
 
         rows, end_token = self._paginate_room_events_txn(
-            txn, room_id, after_token, direction='f', limit=after_limit,
+            txn,
+            room_id,
+            after_token,
+            direction='f',
+            limit=after_limit,
             event_filter=event_filter,
         )
         events_after = [r.event_id for r in rows]
 
         return {
-            "before": {
-                "event_ids": events_before,
-                "token": start_token,
-            },
-            "after": {
-                "event_ids": events_after,
-                "token": end_token,
-            },
+            "before": {"event_ids": events_before, "token": start_token},
+            "after": {"event_ids": events_after, "token": end_token},
         }
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -685,7 +694,7 @@ class StreamWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
             return upper_bound, [row[1] for row in rows]
 
         upper_bound, event_ids = yield self.runInteraction(
-            "get_all_new_events_stream", get_all_new_events_stream_txn,
+            "get_all_new_events_stream", get_all_new_events_stream_txn
         )
 
         events = yield self._get_events(event_ids)
@@ -697,7 +706,7 @@ class StreamWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
             table="federation_stream_position",
             retcol="stream_id",
             keyvalues={"type": typ},
-            desc="get_federation_out_pos"
+            desc="get_federation_out_pos",
         )
 
     def update_federation_out_pos(self, typ, stream_id):
@@ -711,8 +720,16 @@ class StreamWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
     def has_room_changed_since(self, room_id, stream_id):
         return self._events_stream_cache.has_entity_changed(room_id, stream_id)
 
-    def _paginate_room_events_txn(self, txn, room_id, from_token, to_token=None,
-                                  direction='b', limit=-1, event_filter=None):
+    def _paginate_room_events_txn(
+        self,
+        txn,
+        room_id,
+        from_token,
+        to_token=None,
+        direction='b',
+        limit=-1,
+        event_filter=None,
+    ):
         """Returns list of events before or after a given token.
 
         Args:
@@ -741,22 +758,20 @@ class StreamWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
         args = [False, room_id]
         if direction == 'b':
             order = "DESC"
-            bounds = upper_bound(
-                from_token, self.database_engine
-            )
+            bounds = upper_bound(from_token, self.database_engine)
             if to_token:
-                bounds = "%s AND %s" % (bounds, lower_bound(
-                    to_token, self.database_engine
-                ))
+                bounds = "%s AND %s" % (
+                    bounds,
+                    lower_bound(to_token, self.database_engine),
+                )
         else:
             order = "ASC"
-            bounds = lower_bound(
-                from_token, self.database_engine
-            )
+            bounds = lower_bound(from_token, self.database_engine)
             if to_token:
-                bounds = "%s AND %s" % (bounds, upper_bound(
-                    to_token, self.database_engine
-                ))
+                bounds = "%s AND %s" % (
+                    bounds,
+                    upper_bound(to_token, self.database_engine),
+                )
 
         filter_clause, filter_args = filter_to_clause(event_filter)
 
@@ -772,10 +787,7 @@ class StreamWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
             " WHERE outlier = ? AND room_id = ? AND %(bounds)s"
             " ORDER BY topological_ordering %(order)s,"
             " stream_ordering %(order)s LIMIT ?"
-        ) % {
-            "bounds": bounds,
-            "order": order,
-        }
+        ) % {"bounds": bounds, "order": order}
 
         txn.execute(sql, args)
 
@@ -796,11 +808,12 @@ class StreamWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
             # TODO (erikj): We should work out what to do here instead.
             next_token = to_token if to_token else from_token
 
-        return rows, str(next_token),
+        return rows, str(next_token)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def paginate_room_events(self, room_id, from_key, to_key=None,
-                             direction='b', limit=-1, event_filter=None):
+    def paginate_room_events(
+        self, room_id, from_key, to_key=None, direction='b', limit=-1, event_filter=None
+    ):
         """Returns list of events before or after a given token.
 
         Args:
@@ -826,13 +839,18 @@ class StreamWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
             to_key = RoomStreamToken.parse(to_key)
 
         rows, token = yield self.runInteraction(
-            "paginate_room_events", self._paginate_room_events_txn,
-            room_id, from_key, to_key, direction, limit, event_filter,
+            "paginate_room_events",
+            self._paginate_room_events_txn,
+            room_id,
+            from_key,
+            to_key,
+            direction,
+            limit,
+            event_filter,
         )
 
         events = yield self._get_events(
-            [r.event_id for r in rows],
-            get_prev_content=True
+            [r.event_id for r in rows], get_prev_content=True
         )
 
         self._set_before_and_after(events, rows)
diff --git a/synapse/storage/tags.py b/synapse/storage/tags.py
index 0f657b2bd3..e88f8ea35f 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/tags.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/tags.py
@@ -84,9 +84,7 @@ class TagsWorkerStore(AccountDataWorkerStore):
 
         def get_tag_content(txn, tag_ids):
             sql = (
-                "SELECT tag, content"
-                " FROM room_tags"
-                " WHERE user_id=? AND room_id=?"
+                "SELECT tag, content" " FROM room_tags" " WHERE user_id=? AND room_id=?"
             )
             results = []
             for stream_id, user_id, room_id in tag_ids:
@@ -105,7 +103,7 @@ class TagsWorkerStore(AccountDataWorkerStore):
             tags = yield self.runInteraction(
                 "get_all_updated_tag_content",
                 get_tag_content,
-                tag_ids[i:i + batch_size],
+                tag_ids[i : i + batch_size],
             )
             results.extend(tags)
 
@@ -123,6 +121,7 @@ class TagsWorkerStore(AccountDataWorkerStore):
             A deferred dict mapping from room_id strings to lists of tag
             strings for all the rooms that changed since the stream_id token.
         """
+
         def get_updated_tags_txn(txn):
             sql = (
                 "SELECT room_id from room_tags_revisions"
@@ -138,9 +137,7 @@ class TagsWorkerStore(AccountDataWorkerStore):
         if not changed:
             defer.returnValue({})
 
-        room_ids = yield self.runInteraction(
-            "get_updated_tags", get_updated_tags_txn
-        )
+        room_ids = yield self.runInteraction("get_updated_tags", get_updated_tags_txn)
 
         results = {}
         if room_ids:
@@ -163,9 +160,9 @@ class TagsWorkerStore(AccountDataWorkerStore):
             keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "room_id": room_id},
             retcols=("tag", "content"),
             desc="get_tags_for_room",
-        ).addCallback(lambda rows: {
-            row["tag"]: json.loads(row["content"]) for row in rows
-        })
+        ).addCallback(
+            lambda rows: {row["tag"]: json.loads(row["content"]) for row in rows}
+        )
 
 
 class TagsStore(TagsWorkerStore):
@@ -186,14 +183,8 @@ class TagsStore(TagsWorkerStore):
             self._simple_upsert_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="room_tags",
-                keyvalues={
-                    "user_id": user_id,
-                    "room_id": room_id,
-                    "tag": tag,
-                },
-                values={
-                    "content": content_json,
-                }
+                keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "room_id": room_id, "tag": tag},
+                values={"content": content_json},
             )
             self._update_revision_txn(txn, user_id, room_id, next_id)
 
@@ -211,6 +202,7 @@ class TagsStore(TagsWorkerStore):
         Returns:
             A deferred that completes once the tag has been removed
         """
+
         def remove_tag_txn(txn, next_id):
             sql = (
                 "DELETE FROM room_tags "
@@ -238,8 +230,7 @@ class TagsStore(TagsWorkerStore):
         """
 
         txn.call_after(
-            self._account_data_stream_cache.entity_has_changed,
-            user_id, next_id
+            self._account_data_stream_cache.entity_has_changed, user_id, next_id
         )
 
         update_max_id_sql = (
diff --git a/synapse/storage/transactions.py b/synapse/storage/transactions.py
index d8bf953ec0..b1188f6bcb 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/transactions.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/transactions.py
@@ -38,16 +38,12 @@ logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
 _TransactionRow = namedtuple(
-    "_TransactionRow", (
-        "id", "transaction_id", "destination", "ts", "response_code",
-        "response_json",
-    )
+    "_TransactionRow",
+    ("id", "transaction_id", "destination", "ts", "response_code", "response_json"),
 )
 
 _UpdateTransactionRow = namedtuple(
-    "_TransactionRow", (
-        "response_code", "response_json",
-    )
+    "_TransactionRow", ("response_code", "response_json")
 )
 
 SENTINEL = object()
@@ -84,19 +80,22 @@ class TransactionStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
         return self.runInteraction(
             "get_received_txn_response",
-            self._get_received_txn_response, transaction_id, origin
+            self._get_received_txn_response,
+            transaction_id,
+            origin,
         )
 
     def _get_received_txn_response(self, txn, transaction_id, origin):
         result = self._simple_select_one_txn(
             txn,
             table="received_transactions",
-            keyvalues={
-                "transaction_id": transaction_id,
-                "origin": origin,
-            },
+            keyvalues={"transaction_id": transaction_id, "origin": origin},
             retcols=(
-                "transaction_id", "origin", "ts", "response_code", "response_json",
+                "transaction_id",
+                "origin",
+                "ts",
+                "response_code",
+                "response_json",
                 "has_been_referenced",
             ),
             allow_none=True,
@@ -108,8 +107,7 @@ class TransactionStore(SQLBaseStore):
         else:
             return None
 
-    def set_received_txn_response(self, transaction_id, origin, code,
-                                  response_dict):
+    def set_received_txn_response(self, transaction_id, origin, code, response_dict):
         """Persist the response we returened for an incoming transaction, and
         should return for subsequent transactions with the same transaction_id
         and origin.
@@ -135,8 +133,7 @@ class TransactionStore(SQLBaseStore):
             desc="set_received_txn_response",
         )
 
-    def prep_send_transaction(self, transaction_id, destination,
-                              origin_server_ts):
+    def prep_send_transaction(self, transaction_id, destination, origin_server_ts):
         """Persists an outgoing transaction and calculates the values for the
         previous transaction id list.
 
@@ -182,7 +179,9 @@ class TransactionStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
         result = yield self.runInteraction(
             "get_destination_retry_timings",
-            self._get_destination_retry_timings, destination)
+            self._get_destination_retry_timings,
+            destination,
+        )
 
         # We don't hugely care about race conditions between getting and
         # invalidating the cache, since we time out fairly quickly anyway.
@@ -193,9 +192,7 @@ class TransactionStore(SQLBaseStore):
         result = self._simple_select_one_txn(
             txn,
             table="destinations",
-            keyvalues={
-                "destination": destination,
-            },
+            keyvalues={"destination": destination},
             retcols=("destination", "retry_last_ts", "retry_interval"),
             allow_none=True,
         )
@@ -205,8 +202,7 @@ class TransactionStore(SQLBaseStore):
         else:
             return None
 
-    def set_destination_retry_timings(self, destination,
-                                      retry_last_ts, retry_interval):
+    def set_destination_retry_timings(self, destination, retry_last_ts, retry_interval):
         """Sets the current retry timings for a given destination.
         Both timings should be zero if retrying is no longer occuring.
 
@@ -225,8 +221,9 @@ class TransactionStore(SQLBaseStore):
             retry_interval,
         )
 
-    def _set_destination_retry_timings(self, txn, destination,
-                                       retry_last_ts, retry_interval):
+    def _set_destination_retry_timings(
+        self, txn, destination, retry_last_ts, retry_interval
+    ):
         self.database_engine.lock_table(txn, "destinations")
 
         # We need to be careful here as the data may have changed from under us
@@ -235,9 +232,7 @@ class TransactionStore(SQLBaseStore):
         prev_row = self._simple_select_one_txn(
             txn,
             table="destinations",
-            keyvalues={
-                "destination": destination,
-            },
+            keyvalues={"destination": destination},
             retcols=("retry_last_ts", "retry_interval"),
             allow_none=True,
         )
@@ -250,15 +245,13 @@ class TransactionStore(SQLBaseStore):
                     "destination": destination,
                     "retry_last_ts": retry_last_ts,
                     "retry_interval": retry_interval,
-                }
+                },
             )
         elif retry_interval == 0 or prev_row["retry_interval"] < retry_interval:
             self._simple_update_one_txn(
                 txn,
                 "destinations",
-                keyvalues={
-                    "destination": destination,
-                },
+                keyvalues={"destination": destination},
                 updatevalues={
                     "retry_last_ts": retry_last_ts,
                     "retry_interval": retry_interval,
@@ -273,8 +266,7 @@ class TransactionStore(SQLBaseStore):
         """
 
         return self.runInteraction(
-            "get_destinations_needing_retry",
-            self._get_destinations_needing_retry
+            "get_destinations_needing_retry", self._get_destinations_needing_retry
         )
 
     def _get_destinations_needing_retry(self, txn):
@@ -288,7 +280,7 @@ class TransactionStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
     def _start_cleanup_transactions(self):
         return run_as_background_process(
-            "cleanup_transactions", self._cleanup_transactions,
+            "cleanup_transactions", self._cleanup_transactions
         )
 
     def _cleanup_transactions(self):
diff --git a/synapse/storage/user_erasure_store.py b/synapse/storage/user_erasure_store.py
index be013f4427..1815fdc0dd 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/user_erasure_store.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/user_erasure_store.py
@@ -40,9 +40,7 @@ class UserErasureWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         ).addCallback(operator.truth)
 
     @cachedList(
-        cached_method_name="is_user_erased",
-        list_name="user_ids",
-        inlineCallbacks=True,
+        cached_method_name="is_user_erased", list_name="user_ids", inlineCallbacks=True
     )
     def are_users_erased(self, user_ids):
         """
@@ -61,16 +59,13 @@ class UserErasureWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
         def _get_erased_users(txn):
             txn.execute(
-                "SELECT user_id FROM erased_users WHERE user_id IN (%s)" % (
-                    ",".join("?" * len(user_ids))
-                ),
+                "SELECT user_id FROM erased_users WHERE user_id IN (%s)"
+                % (",".join("?" * len(user_ids))),
                 user_ids,
             )
             return set(r[0] for r in txn)
 
-        erased_users = yield self.runInteraction(
-            "are_users_erased", _get_erased_users,
-        )
+        erased_users = yield self.runInteraction("are_users_erased", _get_erased_users)
         res = dict((u, u in erased_users) for u in user_ids)
         defer.returnValue(res)
 
@@ -82,22 +77,16 @@ class UserErasureStore(UserErasureWorkerStore):
         Args:
             user_id (str): full user_id to be erased
         """
+
         def f(txn):
             # first check if they are already in the list
-            txn.execute(
-                "SELECT 1 FROM erased_users WHERE user_id = ?",
-                (user_id, )
-            )
+            txn.execute("SELECT 1 FROM erased_users WHERE user_id = ?", (user_id,))
             if txn.fetchone():
                 return
 
             # they are not already there: do the insert.
-            txn.execute(
-                "INSERT INTO erased_users (user_id) VALUES (?)",
-                (user_id, )
-            )
+            txn.execute("INSERT INTO erased_users (user_id) VALUES (?)", (user_id,))
+
+            self._invalidate_cache_and_stream(txn, self.is_user_erased, (user_id,))
 
-            self._invalidate_cache_and_stream(
-                txn, self.is_user_erased, (user_id,)
-            )
         return self.runInteraction("mark_user_erased", f)
diff --git a/synapse/storage/util/id_generators.py b/synapse/storage/util/id_generators.py
index d6160d5e4d..f1c8d99419 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/util/id_generators.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/util/id_generators.py
@@ -43,9 +43,9 @@ def _load_current_id(db_conn, table, column, step=1):
     """
     cur = db_conn.cursor()
     if step == 1:
-        cur.execute("SELECT MAX(%s) FROM %s" % (column, table,))
+        cur.execute("SELECT MAX(%s) FROM %s" % (column, table))
     else:
-        cur.execute("SELECT MIN(%s) FROM %s" % (column, table,))
+        cur.execute("SELECT MIN(%s) FROM %s" % (column, table))
     val, = cur.fetchone()
     cur.close()
     current_id = int(val) if val else step
@@ -77,6 +77,7 @@ class StreamIdGenerator(object):
         with stream_id_gen.get_next() as stream_id:
             # ... persist event ...
     """
+
     def __init__(self, db_conn, table, column, extra_tables=[], step=1):
         assert step != 0
         self._lock = threading.Lock()
@@ -84,8 +85,7 @@ class StreamIdGenerator(object):
         self._current = _load_current_id(db_conn, table, column, step)
         for table, column in extra_tables:
             self._current = (max if step > 0 else min)(
-                self._current,
-                _load_current_id(db_conn, table, column, step)
+                self._current, _load_current_id(db_conn, table, column, step)
             )
         self._unfinished_ids = deque()
 
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ class StreamIdGenerator(object):
             next_ids = range(
                 self._current + self._step,
                 self._current + self._step * (n + 1),
-                self._step
+                self._step,
             )
             self._current += n * self._step