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-rw-r--r--synapse/__init__.py2
-rw-r--r--synapse/api/auth.py79
-rw-r--r--synapse/api/constants.py9
-rw-r--r--synapse/api/errors.py1
-rwxr-xr-xsynapse/app/homeserver.py34
-rw-r--r--synapse/config/__main__.py30
-rw-r--r--synapse/config/_base.py137
-rw-r--r--synapse/config/captcha.py4
-rw-r--r--synapse/config/homeserver.py5
-rw-r--r--synapse/config/repository.py59
-rw-r--r--synapse/config/saml2.py54
-rw-r--r--synapse/config/server.py8
-rw-r--r--synapse/config/tls.py7
-rw-r--r--synapse/crypto/context_factory.py4
-rw-r--r--synapse/crypto/keyring.py473
-rw-r--r--synapse/events/__init__.py5
-rw-r--r--synapse/events/utils.py2
-rw-r--r--synapse/federation/federation_base.py125
-rw-r--r--synapse/federation/federation_client.py89
-rw-r--r--synapse/federation/federation_server.py43
-rw-r--r--synapse/federation/transport/client.py70
-rw-r--r--synapse/federation/transport/server.py20
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/__init__.py4
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/_base.py18
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/auth.py137
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/events.py20
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/federation.py284
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/identity.py27
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/login.py83
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/message.py112
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/presence.py91
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/receipts.py210
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/register.py44
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/room.py111
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/sync.py73
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/typing.py16
-rw-r--r--synapse/http/matrixfederationclient.py79
-rw-r--r--synapse/http/server.py2
-rw-r--r--synapse/metrics/__init__.py51
-rw-r--r--synapse/notifier.py48
-rw-r--r--synapse/push/__init__.py24
-rw-r--r--synapse/push/baserules.py2
-rw-r--r--synapse/push/pusherpool.py11
-rw-r--r--synapse/python_dependencies.py18
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/v1/login.py96
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/v1/room.py2
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/__init__.py6
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/account.py10
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/keys.py316
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/receipts.py55
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/register.py159
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/media/v1/base_resource.py222
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/media/v1/download_resource.py20
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/media/v1/thumbnail_resource.py111
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/media/v1/thumbnailer.py2
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/media/v1/upload_resource.py12
-rw-r--r--synapse/state.py12
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/__init__.py16
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/_base.py165
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/directory.py7
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/end_to_end_keys.py125
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/event_federation.py141
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/events.py420
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/keys.py48
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/presence.py37
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/push_rule.py25
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/receipts.py406
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/registration.py31
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/room.py6
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/roommember.py51
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/schema/delta/21/end_to_end_keys.sql34
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/schema/delta/21/receipts.sql38
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/schema/delta/22/receipts_index.sql18
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/schema/delta/22/user_threepids_unique.sql19
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/signatures.py28
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/state.py357
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/stream.py6
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/transactions.py3
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/util/id_generators.py38
-rw-r--r--synapse/streams/events.py7
-rw-r--r--synapse/types.py9
-rw-r--r--synapse/util/async.py9
-rw-r--r--synapse/util/caches/__init__.py27
-rw-r--r--synapse/util/caches/descriptors.py377
-rw-r--r--synapse/util/caches/dictionary_cache.py103
-rw-r--r--synapse/util/caches/expiringcache.py (renamed from synapse/util/expiringcache.py)0
-rw-r--r--synapse/util/caches/lrucache.py (renamed from synapse/util/lrucache.py)0
-rw-r--r--synapse/util/stringutils.py11
88 files changed, 4911 insertions, 1399 deletions
diff --git a/synapse/__init__.py b/synapse/__init__.py
index 96e37308d6..d85bb3dce0 100644
--- a/synapse/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/__init__.py
@@ -16,4 +16,4 @@
 """ This is a reference implementation of a Matrix home server.
 """
 
-__version__ = "0.9.3"
+__version__ = "0.10.0"
diff --git a/synapse/api/auth.py b/synapse/api/auth.py
index 4da62e5d8d..1e3b0fbfb7 100644
--- a/synapse/api/auth.py
+++ b/synapse/api/auth.py
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 AuthEventTypes = (
     EventTypes.Create, EventTypes.Member, EventTypes.PowerLevels,
-    EventTypes.JoinRules,
+    EventTypes.JoinRules, EventTypes.RoomHistoryVisibility,
 )
 
 
@@ -44,6 +44,11 @@ class Auth(object):
     def check(self, event, auth_events):
         """ Checks if this event is correctly authed.
 
+        Args:
+            event: the event being checked.
+            auth_events (dict: event-key -> event): the existing room state.
+
+
         Returns:
             True if the auth checks pass.
         """
@@ -187,6 +192,9 @@ class Auth(object):
             join_rule = JoinRules.INVITE
 
         user_level = self._get_user_power_level(event.user_id, auth_events)
+        target_level = self._get_user_power_level(
+            target_user_id, auth_events
+        )
 
         # FIXME (erikj): What should we do here as the default?
         ban_level = self._get_named_level(auth_events, "ban", 50)
@@ -258,12 +266,12 @@ class Auth(object):
             elif target_user_id != event.user_id:
                 kick_level = self._get_named_level(auth_events, "kick", 50)
 
-                if user_level < kick_level:
+                if user_level < kick_level or user_level <= target_level:
                     raise AuthError(
                         403, "You cannot kick user %s." % target_user_id
                     )
         elif Membership.BAN == membership:
-            if user_level < ban_level:
+            if user_level < ban_level or user_level <= target_level:
                 raise AuthError(403, "You don't have permission to ban")
         else:
             raise AuthError(500, "Unknown membership %s" % membership)
@@ -316,7 +324,7 @@ class Auth(object):
         Returns:
             tuple : of UserID and device string:
                 User ID object of the user making the request
-                Client ID object of the client instance the user is using
+                ClientInfo object of the client instance the user is using
         Raises:
             AuthError if no user by that token exists or the token is invalid.
         """
@@ -344,12 +352,14 @@ class Auth(object):
                 if not user_id:
                     raise KeyError
 
+                request.authenticated_entity = user_id
+
                 defer.returnValue(
                     (UserID.from_string(user_id), ClientInfo("", ""))
                 )
                 return
             except KeyError:
-                pass  # normal users won't have this query parameter set
+                pass  # normal users won't have the user_id query parameter set.
 
             user_info = yield self.get_user_by_token(access_token)
             user = user_info["user"]
@@ -417,6 +427,7 @@ class Auth(object):
                     "Unrecognised access token.",
                     errcode=Codes.UNKNOWN_TOKEN
                 )
+            request.authenticated_entity = service.sender
             defer.returnValue(service)
         except KeyError:
             raise AuthError(
@@ -518,23 +529,22 @@ class Auth(object):
 
         # Check state_key
         if hasattr(event, "state_key"):
-            if not event.state_key.startswith("_"):
-                if event.state_key.startswith("@"):
-                    if event.state_key != event.user_id:
+            if event.state_key.startswith("@"):
+                if event.state_key != event.user_id:
+                    raise AuthError(
+                        403,
+                        "You are not allowed to set others state"
+                    )
+                else:
+                    sender_domain = UserID.from_string(
+                        event.user_id
+                    ).domain
+
+                    if sender_domain != event.state_key:
                         raise AuthError(
                             403,
                             "You are not allowed to set others state"
                         )
-                    else:
-                        sender_domain = UserID.from_string(
-                            event.user_id
-                        ).domain
-
-                        if sender_domain != event.state_key:
-                            raise AuthError(
-                                403,
-                                "You are not allowed to set others state"
-                            )
 
         return True
 
@@ -573,25 +583,26 @@ class Auth(object):
 
         # Check other levels:
         levels_to_check = [
-            ("users_default", []),
-            ("events_default", []),
-            ("ban", []),
-            ("redact", []),
-            ("kick", []),
-            ("invite", []),
+            ("users_default", None),
+            ("events_default", None),
+            ("state_default", None),
+            ("ban", None),
+            ("redact", None),
+            ("kick", None),
+            ("invite", None),
         ]
 
         old_list = current_state.content.get("users")
         for user in set(old_list.keys() + user_list.keys()):
             levels_to_check.append(
-                (user, ["users"])
+                (user, "users")
             )
 
         old_list = current_state.content.get("events")
         new_list = event.content.get("events")
         for ev_id in set(old_list.keys() + new_list.keys()):
             levels_to_check.append(
-                (ev_id, ["events"])
+                (ev_id, "events")
             )
 
         old_state = current_state.content
@@ -599,12 +610,10 @@ class Auth(object):
 
         for level_to_check, dir in levels_to_check:
             old_loc = old_state
-            for d in dir:
-                old_loc = old_loc.get(d, {})
-
             new_loc = new_state
-            for d in dir:
-                new_loc = new_loc.get(d, {})
+            if dir:
+                old_loc = old_loc.get(dir, {})
+                new_loc = new_loc.get(dir, {})
 
             if level_to_check in old_loc:
                 old_level = int(old_loc[level_to_check])
@@ -620,6 +629,14 @@ class Auth(object):
                 if new_level == old_level:
                     continue
 
+            if dir == "users" and level_to_check != event.user_id:
+                if old_level == user_level:
+                    raise AuthError(
+                        403,
+                        "You don't have permission to remove ops level equal "
+                        "to your own"
+                    )
+
             if old_level > user_level or new_level > user_level:
                 raise AuthError(
                     403,
diff --git a/synapse/api/constants.py b/synapse/api/constants.py
index d8a18ee87b..1423986c1e 100644
--- a/synapse/api/constants.py
+++ b/synapse/api/constants.py
@@ -75,6 +75,10 @@ class EventTypes(object):
     Redaction = "m.room.redaction"
     Feedback = "m.room.message.feedback"
 
+    RoomHistoryVisibility = "m.room.history_visibility"
+    CanonicalAlias = "m.room.canonical_alias"
+    RoomAvatar = "m.room.avatar"
+
     # These are used for validation
     Message = "m.room.message"
     Topic = "m.room.topic"
@@ -85,3 +89,8 @@ class RejectedReason(object):
     AUTH_ERROR = "auth_error"
     REPLACED = "replaced"
     NOT_ANCESTOR = "not_ancestor"
+
+
+class RoomCreationPreset(object):
+    PRIVATE_CHAT = "private_chat"
+    PUBLIC_CHAT = "public_chat"
diff --git a/synapse/api/errors.py b/synapse/api/errors.py
index 0b3320e62c..c3b4d971a8 100644
--- a/synapse/api/errors.py
+++ b/synapse/api/errors.py
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@ class Codes(object):
     TOO_LARGE = "M_TOO_LARGE"
     EXCLUSIVE = "M_EXCLUSIVE"
     THREEPID_AUTH_FAILED = "M_THREEPID_AUTH_FAILED"
+    THREEPID_IN_USE = "THREEPID_IN_USE"
 
 
 class CodeMessageException(RuntimeError):
diff --git a/synapse/app/homeserver.py b/synapse/app/homeserver.py
index 49e27c9e11..fefefffb8f 100755
--- a/synapse/app/homeserver.py
+++ b/synapse/app/homeserver.py
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 
 import sys
 sys.dont_write_bytecode = True
-from synapse.python_dependencies import check_requirements
+from synapse.python_dependencies import check_requirements, DEPENDENCY_LINKS
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
     check_requirements()
@@ -97,9 +97,25 @@ class SynapseHomeServer(HomeServer):
         return JsonResource(self)
 
     def build_resource_for_web_client(self):
-        import syweb
-        syweb_path = os.path.dirname(syweb.__file__)
-        webclient_path = os.path.join(syweb_path, "webclient")
+        webclient_path = self.get_config().web_client_location
+        if not webclient_path:
+            try:
+                import syweb
+            except ImportError:
+                quit_with_error(
+                    "Could not find a webclient.\n\n"
+                    "Please either install the matrix-angular-sdk or configure\n"
+                    "the location of the source to serve via the configuration\n"
+                    "option `web_client_location`\n\n"
+                    "To install the `matrix-angular-sdk` via pip, run:\n\n"
+                    "    pip install '%(dep)s'\n"
+                    "\n"
+                    "You can also disable hosting of the webclient via the\n"
+                    "configuration option `web_client`\n"
+                    % {"dep": DEPENDENCY_LINKS["matrix-angular-sdk"]}
+                )
+            syweb_path = os.path.dirname(syweb.__file__)
+            webclient_path = os.path.join(syweb_path, "webclient")
         # GZip is disabled here due to
         # https://twistedmatrix.com/trac/ticket/7678
         # (It can stay enabled for the API resources: they call
@@ -259,11 +275,10 @@ class SynapseHomeServer(HomeServer):
 
 def quit_with_error(error_string):
     message_lines = error_string.split("\n")
-    line_length = max([len(l) for l in message_lines]) + 2
+    line_length = max([len(l) for l in message_lines if len(l) < 80]) + 2
     sys.stderr.write("*" * line_length + '\n')
     for line in message_lines:
-        if line.strip():
-            sys.stderr.write(" %s\n" % (line.strip(),))
+        sys.stderr.write(" %s\n" % (line.rstrip(),))
     sys.stderr.write("*" * line_length + '\n')
     sys.exit(1)
 
@@ -326,7 +341,7 @@ def get_version_string():
                 )
             ).encode("ascii")
     except Exception as e:
-        logger.warn("Failed to check for git repository: %s", e)
+        logger.info("Failed to check for git repository: %s", e)
 
     return ("Synapse/%s" % (synapse.__version__,)).encode("ascii")
 
@@ -657,7 +672,8 @@ def run(hs):
 
     if hs.config.daemonize:
 
-        print hs.config.pid_file
+        if hs.config.print_pidfile:
+            print hs.config.pid_file
 
         daemon = Daemonize(
             app="synapse-homeserver",
diff --git a/synapse/config/__main__.py b/synapse/config/__main__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f822d12036
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/config/__main__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# Copyright 2015 OpenMarket Ltd
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    import sys
+    from homeserver import HomeServerConfig
+
+    action = sys.argv[1]
+
+    if action == "read":
+        key = sys.argv[2]
+        config = HomeServerConfig.load_config("", sys.argv[3:])
+
+        print getattr(config, key)
+        sys.exit(0)
+    else:
+        sys.stderr.write("Unknown command %r\n" % (action,))
+        sys.exit(1)
diff --git a/synapse/config/_base.py b/synapse/config/_base.py
index d483c67c6a..8a75c48733 100644
--- a/synapse/config/_base.py
+++ b/synapse/config/_base.py
@@ -131,7 +131,8 @@ class Config(object):
             "-c", "--config-path",
             action="append",
             metavar="CONFIG_FILE",
-            help="Specify config file"
+            help="Specify config file. Can be given multiple times and"
+                 " may specify directories containing *.yaml files."
         )
         config_parser.add_argument(
             "--generate-config",
@@ -139,63 +140,98 @@ class Config(object):
             help="Generate a config file for the server name"
         )
         config_parser.add_argument(
+            "--generate-keys",
+            action="store_true",
+            help="Generate any missing key files then exit"
+        )
+        config_parser.add_argument(
+            "--keys-directory",
+            metavar="DIRECTORY",
+            help="Used with 'generate-*' options to specify where files such as"
+                 " certs and signing keys should be stored in, unless explicitly"
+                 " specified in the config."
+        )
+        config_parser.add_argument(
             "-H", "--server-name",
             help="The server name to generate a config file for"
         )
         config_args, remaining_args = config_parser.parse_known_args(argv)
 
+        generate_keys = config_args.generate_keys
+
+        config_files = []
+        if config_args.config_path:
+            for config_path in config_args.config_path:
+                if os.path.isdir(config_path):
+                    # We accept specifying directories as config paths, we search
+                    # inside that directory for all files matching *.yaml, and then
+                    # we apply them in *sorted* order.
+                    files = []
+                    for entry in os.listdir(config_path):
+                        entry_path = os.path.join(config_path, entry)
+                        if not os.path.isfile(entry_path):
+                            print (
+                                "Found subdirectory in config directory: %r. IGNORING."
+                            ) % (entry_path, )
+                            continue
+
+                        if not entry.endswith(".yaml"):
+                            print (
+                                "Found file in config directory that does not"
+                                " end in '.yaml': %r. IGNORING."
+                            ) % (entry_path, )
+                            continue
+
+                        files.append(entry_path)
+
+                    config_files.extend(sorted(files))
+                else:
+                    config_files.append(config_path)
+
         if config_args.generate_config:
-            if not config_args.config_path:
+            if not config_files:
                 config_parser.error(
                     "Must supply a config file.\nA config file can be automatically"
                     " generated using \"--generate-config -H SERVER_NAME"
                     " -c CONFIG-FILE\""
                 )
-
-            config_dir_path = os.path.dirname(config_args.config_path[0])
-            config_dir_path = os.path.abspath(config_dir_path)
-
-            server_name = config_args.server_name
-            if not server_name:
-                print "Must specify a server_name to a generate config for."
-                sys.exit(1)
-            (config_path,) = config_args.config_path
-            if not os.path.exists(config_dir_path):
-                os.makedirs(config_dir_path)
-            if os.path.exists(config_path):
-                print "Config file %r already exists" % (config_path,)
-                yaml_config = cls.read_config_file(config_path)
-                yaml_name = yaml_config["server_name"]
-                if server_name != yaml_name:
-                    print (
-                        "Config file %r has a different server_name: "
-                        " %r != %r" % (config_path, server_name, yaml_name)
-                    )
+            (config_path,) = config_files
+            if not os.path.exists(config_path):
+                if config_args.keys_directory:
+                    config_dir_path = config_args.keys_directory
+                else:
+                    config_dir_path = os.path.dirname(config_path)
+                config_dir_path = os.path.abspath(config_dir_path)
+
+                server_name = config_args.server_name
+                if not server_name:
+                    print "Must specify a server_name to a generate config for."
                     sys.exit(1)
-                config_bytes, config = obj.generate_config(
-                    config_dir_path, server_name
+                if not os.path.exists(config_dir_path):
+                    os.makedirs(config_dir_path)
+                with open(config_path, "wb") as config_file:
+                    config_bytes, config = obj.generate_config(
+                        config_dir_path, server_name
+                    )
+                    obj.invoke_all("generate_files", config)
+                    config_file.write(config_bytes)
+                print (
+                    "A config file has been generated in %r for server name"
+                    " %r with corresponding SSL keys and self-signed"
+                    " certificates. Please review this file and customise it"
+                    " to your needs."
+                ) % (config_path, server_name)
+                print (
+                    "If this server name is incorrect, you will need to"
+                    " regenerate the SSL certificates"
                 )
-                config.update(yaml_config)
-                print "Generating any missing keys for %r" % (server_name,)
-                obj.invoke_all("generate_files", config)
                 sys.exit(0)
-            with open(config_path, "wb") as config_file:
-                config_bytes, config = obj.generate_config(
-                    config_dir_path, server_name
-                )
-                obj.invoke_all("generate_files", config)
-                config_file.write(config_bytes)
+            else:
                 print (
-                    "A config file has been generated in %s for server name"
-                    " '%s' with corresponding SSL keys and self-signed"
-                    " certificates. Please review this file and customise it to"
-                    " your needs."
-                ) % (config_path, server_name)
-            print (
-                "If this server name is incorrect, you will need to regenerate"
-                " the SSL certificates"
-            )
-            sys.exit(0)
+                    "Config file %r already exists. Generating any missing key"
+                    " files."
+                ) % (config_path,)
+                generate_keys = True
 
         parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
             parents=[config_parser],
@@ -206,19 +242,22 @@ class Config(object):
         obj.invoke_all("add_arguments", parser)
         args = parser.parse_args(remaining_args)
 
-        if not config_args.config_path:
+        if not config_files:
             config_parser.error(
                 "Must supply a config file.\nA config file can be automatically"
                 " generated using \"--generate-config -H SERVER_NAME"
                 " -c CONFIG-FILE\""
             )
 
-        config_dir_path = os.path.dirname(config_args.config_path[0])
+        if config_args.keys_directory:
+            config_dir_path = config_args.keys_directory
+        else:
+            config_dir_path = os.path.dirname(config_args.config_path[-1])
         config_dir_path = os.path.abspath(config_dir_path)
 
         specified_config = {}
-        for config_path in config_args.config_path:
-            yaml_config = cls.read_config_file(config_path)
+        for config_file in config_files:
+            yaml_config = cls.read_config_file(config_file)
             specified_config.update(yaml_config)
 
         server_name = specified_config["server_name"]
@@ -226,6 +265,10 @@ class Config(object):
         config.pop("log_config")
         config.update(specified_config)
 
+        if generate_keys:
+            obj.invoke_all("generate_files", config)
+            sys.exit(0)
+
         obj.invoke_all("read_config", config)
 
         obj.invoke_all("read_arguments", args)
diff --git a/synapse/config/captcha.py b/synapse/config/captcha.py
index cf72dc4340..15a132b4e3 100644
--- a/synapse/config/captcha.py
+++ b/synapse/config/captcha.py
@@ -29,10 +29,10 @@ class CaptchaConfig(Config):
         ## Captcha ##
 
         # This Home Server's ReCAPTCHA public key.
-        recaptcha_private_key: "YOUR_PUBLIC_KEY"
+        recaptcha_private_key: "YOUR_PRIVATE_KEY"
 
         # This Home Server's ReCAPTCHA private key.
-        recaptcha_public_key: "YOUR_PRIVATE_KEY"
+        recaptcha_public_key: "YOUR_PUBLIC_KEY"
 
         # Enables ReCaptcha checks when registering, preventing signup
         # unless a captcha is answered. Requires a valid ReCaptcha
diff --git a/synapse/config/homeserver.py b/synapse/config/homeserver.py
index fe0ccb6eb7..d77f045406 100644
--- a/synapse/config/homeserver.py
+++ b/synapse/config/homeserver.py
@@ -25,12 +25,13 @@ from .registration import RegistrationConfig
 from .metrics import MetricsConfig
 from .appservice import AppServiceConfig
 from .key import KeyConfig
+from .saml2 import SAML2Config
 
 
 class HomeServerConfig(TlsConfig, ServerConfig, DatabaseConfig, LoggingConfig,
                        RatelimitConfig, ContentRepositoryConfig, CaptchaConfig,
-                       VoipConfig, RegistrationConfig,
-                       MetricsConfig, AppServiceConfig, KeyConfig,):
+                       VoipConfig, RegistrationConfig, MetricsConfig,
+                       AppServiceConfig, KeyConfig, SAML2Config, ):
     pass
 
 
diff --git a/synapse/config/repository.py b/synapse/config/repository.py
index 6891abd71d..64644b9a7a 100644
--- a/synapse/config/repository.py
+++ b/synapse/config/repository.py
@@ -14,6 +14,39 @@
 # limitations under the License.
 
 from ._base import Config
+from collections import namedtuple
+
+ThumbnailRequirement = namedtuple(
+    "ThumbnailRequirement", ["width", "height", "method", "media_type"]
+)
+
+
+def parse_thumbnail_requirements(thumbnail_sizes):
+    """ Takes a list of dictionaries with "width", "height", and "method" keys
+    and creates a map from image media types to the thumbnail size, thumnailing
+    method, and thumbnail media type to precalculate
+
+    Args:
+        thumbnail_sizes(list): List of dicts with "width", "height", and
+            "method" keys
+    Returns:
+        Dictionary mapping from media type string to list of
+        ThumbnailRequirement tuples.
+    """
+    requirements = {}
+    for size in thumbnail_sizes:
+        width = size["width"]
+        height = size["height"]
+        method = size["method"]
+        jpeg_thumbnail = ThumbnailRequirement(width, height, method, "image/jpeg")
+        png_thumbnail = ThumbnailRequirement(width, height, method, "image/png")
+        requirements.setdefault("image/jpeg", []).append(jpeg_thumbnail)
+        requirements.setdefault("image/gif", []).append(png_thumbnail)
+        requirements.setdefault("image/png", []).append(png_thumbnail)
+    return {
+        media_type: tuple(thumbnails)
+        for media_type, thumbnails in requirements.items()
+    }
 
 
 class ContentRepositoryConfig(Config):
@@ -22,6 +55,10 @@ class ContentRepositoryConfig(Config):
         self.max_image_pixels = self.parse_size(config["max_image_pixels"])
         self.media_store_path = self.ensure_directory(config["media_store_path"])
         self.uploads_path = self.ensure_directory(config["uploads_path"])
+        self.dynamic_thumbnails = config["dynamic_thumbnails"]
+        self.thumbnail_requirements = parse_thumbnail_requirements(
+            config["thumbnail_sizes"]
+        )
 
     def default_config(self, config_dir_path, server_name):
         media_store = self.default_path("media_store")
@@ -38,4 +75,26 @@ class ContentRepositoryConfig(Config):
 
         # Maximum number of pixels that will be thumbnailed
         max_image_pixels: "32M"
+
+        # Whether to generate new thumbnails on the fly to precisely match
+        # the resolution requested by the client. If true then whenever
+        # a new resolution is requested by the client the server will
+        # generate a new thumbnail. If false the server will pick a thumbnail
+        # from a precalcualted list.
+        dynamic_thumbnails: false
+
+        # List of thumbnail to precalculate when an image is uploaded.
+        thumbnail_sizes:
+        - width: 32
+          height: 32
+          method: crop
+        - width: 96
+          height: 96
+          method: crop
+        - width: 320
+          height: 240
+          method: scale
+        - width: 640
+          height: 480
+          method: scale
         """ % locals()
diff --git a/synapse/config/saml2.py b/synapse/config/saml2.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1532036876
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/config/saml2.py
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# Copyright 2015 Ericsson
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+from ._base import Config
+
+
+class SAML2Config(Config):
+    """SAML2 Configuration
+    Synapse uses pysaml2 libraries for providing SAML2 support
+
+    config_path:      Path to the sp_conf.py configuration file
+    idp_redirect_url: Identity provider URL which will redirect
+                      the user back to /login/saml2 with proper info.
+
+    sp_conf.py file is something like:
+    https://github.com/rohe/pysaml2/blob/master/example/sp-repoze/sp_conf.py.example
+
+    More information: https://pythonhosted.org/pysaml2/howto/config.html
+    """
+
+    def read_config(self, config):
+        saml2_config = config.get("saml2_config", None)
+        if saml2_config:
+            self.saml2_enabled = True
+            self.saml2_config_path = saml2_config["config_path"]
+            self.saml2_idp_redirect_url = saml2_config["idp_redirect_url"]
+        else:
+            self.saml2_enabled = False
+            self.saml2_config_path = None
+            self.saml2_idp_redirect_url = None
+
+    def default_config(self, config_dir_path, server_name):
+        return """
+        # Enable SAML2 for registration and login. Uses pysaml2
+        # config_path:      Path to the sp_conf.py configuration file
+        # idp_redirect_url: Identity provider URL which will redirect
+        #                   the user back to /login/saml2 with proper info.
+        # See pysaml2 docs for format of config.
+        #saml2_config:
+        #   config_path: "%s/sp_conf.py"
+        #   idp_redirect_url: "http://%s/idp"
+        """ % (config_dir_path, server_name)
diff --git a/synapse/config/server.py b/synapse/config/server.py
index f4d4a87103..a03e55c223 100644
--- a/synapse/config/server.py
+++ b/synapse/config/server.py
@@ -22,8 +22,10 @@ class ServerConfig(Config):
         self.server_name = config["server_name"]
         self.pid_file = self.abspath(config.get("pid_file"))
         self.web_client = config["web_client"]
+        self.web_client_location = config.get("web_client_location", None)
         self.soft_file_limit = config["soft_file_limit"]
         self.daemonize = config.get("daemonize")
+        self.print_pidfile = config.get("print_pidfile")
         self.use_frozen_dicts = config.get("use_frozen_dicts", True)
 
         self.listeners = config.get("listeners", [])
@@ -208,12 +210,18 @@ class ServerConfig(Config):
             self.manhole = args.manhole
         if args.daemonize is not None:
             self.daemonize = args.daemonize
+        if args.print_pidfile is not None:
+            self.print_pidfile = args.print_pidfile
 
     def add_arguments(self, parser):
         server_group = parser.add_argument_group("server")
         server_group.add_argument("-D", "--daemonize", action='store_true',
                                   default=None,
                                   help="Daemonize the home server")
+        server_group.add_argument("--print-pidfile", action='store_true',
+                                  default=None,
+                                  help="Print the path to the pidfile just"
+                                  " before daemonizing")
         server_group.add_argument("--manhole", metavar="PORT", dest="manhole",
                                   type=int,
                                   help="Turn on the twisted telnet manhole"
diff --git a/synapse/config/tls.py b/synapse/config/tls.py
index ad8c5c8cad..4751d39bc9 100644
--- a/synapse/config/tls.py
+++ b/synapse/config/tls.py
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ class TlsConfig(Config):
         self.tls_certificate = self.read_tls_certificate(
             config.get("tls_certificate_path")
         )
+        self.tls_certificate_file = config.get("tls_certificate_path")
 
         self.no_tls = config.get("no_tls", False)
 
@@ -49,7 +50,11 @@ class TlsConfig(Config):
         tls_dh_params_path = base_key_name + ".tls.dh"
 
         return """\
-        # PEM encoded X509 certificate for TLS
+        # PEM encoded X509 certificate for TLS.
+        # You can replace the self-signed certificate that synapse
+        # autogenerates on launch with your own SSL certificate + key pair
+        # if you like.  Any required intermediary certificates can be
+        # appended after the primary certificate in hierarchical order.
         tls_certificate_path: "%(tls_certificate_path)s"
 
         # PEM encoded private key for TLS
diff --git a/synapse/crypto/context_factory.py b/synapse/crypto/context_factory.py
index 2f8618a0df..c4390f3b2b 100644
--- a/synapse/crypto/context_factory.py
+++ b/synapse/crypto/context_factory.py
@@ -35,9 +35,9 @@ class ServerContextFactory(ssl.ContextFactory):
             _ecCurve = _OpenSSLECCurve(_defaultCurveName)
             _ecCurve.addECKeyToContext(context)
         except:
-            logger.exception("Failed to enable eliptic curve for TLS")
+            logger.exception("Failed to enable elliptic curve for TLS")
         context.set_options(SSL.OP_NO_SSLv2 | SSL.OP_NO_SSLv3)
-        context.use_certificate(config.tls_certificate)
+        context.use_certificate_chain_file(config.tls_certificate_file)
 
         if not config.no_tls:
             context.use_privatekey(config.tls_private_key)
diff --git a/synapse/crypto/keyring.py b/synapse/crypto/keyring.py
index aff69c5f83..aa74d4d0cb 100644
--- a/synapse/crypto/keyring.py
+++ b/synapse/crypto/keyring.py
@@ -25,11 +25,13 @@ from syutil.base64util import decode_base64, encode_base64
 from synapse.api.errors import SynapseError, Codes
 
 from synapse.util.retryutils import get_retry_limiter
+from synapse.util import unwrapFirstError
 
 from synapse.util.async import ObservableDeferred
 
 from OpenSSL import crypto
 
+from collections import namedtuple
 import urllib
 import hashlib
 import logging
@@ -38,6 +40,9 @@ import logging
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
+KeyGroup = namedtuple("KeyGroup", ("server_name", "group_id", "key_ids"))
+
+
 class Keyring(object):
     def __init__(self, hs):
         self.store = hs.get_datastore()
@@ -49,141 +54,325 @@ class Keyring(object):
 
         self.key_downloads = {}
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def verify_json_for_server(self, server_name, json_object):
-        logger.debug("Verifying for %s", server_name)
-        key_ids = signature_ids(json_object, server_name)
-        if not key_ids:
-            raise SynapseError(
-                400,
-                "Not signed with a supported algorithm",
-                Codes.UNAUTHORIZED,
-            )
-        try:
-            verify_key = yield self.get_server_verify_key(server_name, key_ids)
-        except IOError as e:
-            logger.warn(
-                "Got IOError when downloading keys for %s: %s %s",
-                server_name, type(e).__name__, str(e.message),
-            )
-            raise SynapseError(
-                502,
-                "Error downloading keys for %s" % (server_name,),
-                Codes.UNAUTHORIZED,
-            )
-        except Exception as e:
-            logger.warn(
-                "Got Exception when downloading keys for %s: %s %s",
-                server_name, type(e).__name__, str(e.message),
-            )
-            raise SynapseError(
-                401,
-                "No key for %s with id %s" % (server_name, key_ids),
-                Codes.UNAUTHORIZED,
-            )
+        return self.verify_json_objects_for_server(
+            [(server_name, json_object)]
+        )[0]
 
-        try:
-            verify_signed_json(json_object, server_name, verify_key)
-        except:
-            raise SynapseError(
-                401,
-                "Invalid signature for server %s with key %s:%s" % (
-                    server_name, verify_key.alg, verify_key.version
-                ),
-                Codes.UNAUTHORIZED,
+    def verify_json_objects_for_server(self, server_and_json):
+        """Bulk verfies signatures of json objects, bulk fetching keys as
+        necessary.
+
+        Args:
+            server_and_json (list): List of pairs of (server_name, json_object)
+
+        Returns:
+            list of deferreds indicating success or failure to verify each
+            json object's signature for the given server_name.
+        """
+        group_id_to_json = {}
+        group_id_to_group = {}
+        group_ids = []
+
+        next_group_id = 0
+        deferreds = {}
+
+        for server_name, json_object in server_and_json:
+            logger.debug("Verifying for %s", server_name)
+            group_id = next_group_id
+            next_group_id += 1
+            group_ids.append(group_id)
+
+            key_ids = signature_ids(json_object, server_name)
+            if not key_ids:
+                deferreds[group_id] = defer.fail(SynapseError(
+                    400,
+                    "Not signed with a supported algorithm",
+                    Codes.UNAUTHORIZED,
+                ))
+            else:
+                deferreds[group_id] = defer.Deferred()
+
+            group = KeyGroup(server_name, group_id, key_ids)
+
+            group_id_to_group[group_id] = group
+            group_id_to_json[group_id] = json_object
+
+        @defer.inlineCallbacks
+        def handle_key_deferred(group, deferred):
+            server_name = group.server_name
+            try:
+                _, _, key_id, verify_key = yield deferred
+            except IOError as e:
+                logger.warn(
+                    "Got IOError when downloading keys for %s: %s %s",
+                    server_name, type(e).__name__, str(e.message),
+                )
+                raise SynapseError(
+                    502,
+                    "Error downloading keys for %s" % (server_name,),
+                    Codes.UNAUTHORIZED,
+                )
+            except Exception as e:
+                logger.exception(
+                    "Got Exception when downloading keys for %s: %s %s",
+                    server_name, type(e).__name__, str(e.message),
+                )
+                raise SynapseError(
+                    401,
+                    "No key for %s with id %s" % (server_name, key_ids),
+                    Codes.UNAUTHORIZED,
+                )
+
+            json_object = group_id_to_json[group.group_id]
+
+            try:
+                verify_signed_json(json_object, server_name, verify_key)
+            except:
+                raise SynapseError(
+                    401,
+                    "Invalid signature for server %s with key %s:%s" % (
+                        server_name, verify_key.alg, verify_key.version
+                    ),
+                    Codes.UNAUTHORIZED,
+                )
+
+        server_to_deferred = {
+            server_name: defer.Deferred()
+            for server_name, _ in server_and_json
+        }
+
+        # We want to wait for any previous lookups to complete before
+        # proceeding.
+        wait_on_deferred = self.wait_for_previous_lookups(
+            [server_name for server_name, _ in server_and_json],
+            server_to_deferred,
+        )
+
+        # Actually start fetching keys.
+        wait_on_deferred.addBoth(
+            lambda _: self.get_server_verify_keys(group_id_to_group, deferreds)
+        )
+
+        # When we've finished fetching all the keys for a given server_name,
+        # resolve the deferred passed to `wait_for_previous_lookups` so that
+        # any lookups waiting will proceed.
+        server_to_gids = {}
+
+        def remove_deferreds(res, server_name, group_id):
+            server_to_gids[server_name].discard(group_id)
+            if not server_to_gids[server_name]:
+                server_to_deferred.pop(server_name).callback(None)
+            return res
+
+        for g_id, deferred in deferreds.items():
+            server_name = group_id_to_group[g_id].server_name
+            server_to_gids.setdefault(server_name, set()).add(g_id)
+            deferred.addBoth(remove_deferreds, server_name, g_id)
+
+        # Pass those keys to handle_key_deferred so that the json object
+        # signatures can be verified
+        return [
+            handle_key_deferred(
+                group_id_to_group[g_id],
+                deferreds[g_id],
             )
+            for g_id in group_ids
+        ]
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def get_server_verify_key(self, server_name, key_ids):
-        """Finds a verification key for the server with one of the key ids.
-        Trys to fetch the key from a trusted perspective server first.
+    def wait_for_previous_lookups(self, server_names, server_to_deferred):
+        """Waits for any previous key lookups for the given servers to finish.
+
         Args:
-            server_name(str): The name of the server to fetch a key for.
-            keys_ids (list of str): The key_ids to check for.
+            server_names (list): list of server_names we want to lookup
+            server_to_deferred (dict): server_name to deferred which gets
+                resolved once we've finished looking up keys for that server
+        """
+        while True:
+            wait_on = [
+                self.key_downloads[server_name]
+                for server_name in server_names
+                if server_name in self.key_downloads
+            ]
+            if wait_on:
+                yield defer.DeferredList(wait_on)
+            else:
+                break
+
+        for server_name, deferred in server_to_deferred:
+            self.key_downloads[server_name] = ObservableDeferred(deferred)
+
+    def get_server_verify_keys(self, group_id_to_group, group_id_to_deferred):
+        """Takes a dict of KeyGroups and tries to find at least one key for
+        each group.
         """
-        cached = yield self.store.get_server_verify_keys(server_name, key_ids)
 
-        if cached:
-            defer.returnValue(cached[0])
-            return
+        # These are functions that produce keys given a list of key ids
+        key_fetch_fns = (
+            self.get_keys_from_store,  # First try the local store
+            self.get_keys_from_perspectives,  # Then try via perspectives
+            self.get_keys_from_server,  # Then try directly
+        )
+
+        @defer.inlineCallbacks
+        def do_iterations():
+            merged_results = {}
+
+            missing_keys = {
+                group.server_name: key_id
+                for group in group_id_to_group.values()
+                for key_id in group.key_ids
+            }
+
+            for fn in key_fetch_fns:
+                results = yield fn(missing_keys.items())
+                merged_results.update(results)
+
+                # We now need to figure out which groups we have keys for
+                # and which we don't
+                missing_groups = {}
+                for group in group_id_to_group.values():
+                    for key_id in group.key_ids:
+                        if key_id in merged_results[group.server_name]:
+                            group_id_to_deferred[group.group_id].callback((
+                                group.group_id,
+                                group.server_name,
+                                key_id,
+                                merged_results[group.server_name][key_id],
+                            ))
+                            break
+                    else:
+                        missing_groups.setdefault(
+                            group.server_name, []
+                        ).append(group)
+
+                if not missing_groups:
+                    break
+
+                missing_keys = {
+                    server_name: set(
+                        key_id for group in groups for key_id in group.key_ids
+                    )
+                    for server_name, groups in missing_groups.items()
+                }
 
-        download = self.key_downloads.get(server_name)
+            for group in missing_groups.values():
+                group_id_to_deferred[group.group_id].errback(SynapseError(
+                    401,
+                    "No key for %s with id %s" % (
+                        group.server_name, group.key_ids,
+                    ),
+                    Codes.UNAUTHORIZED,
+                ))
 
-        if download is None:
-            download = self._get_server_verify_key_impl(server_name, key_ids)
-            download = ObservableDeferred(
-                download,
-                consumeErrors=True
-            )
-            self.key_downloads[server_name] = download
+        def on_err(err):
+            for deferred in group_id_to_deferred.values():
+                if not deferred.called:
+                    deferred.errback(err)
 
-            @download.addBoth
-            def callback(ret):
-                del self.key_downloads[server_name]
-                return ret
+        do_iterations().addErrback(on_err)
 
-        r = yield download.observe()
-        defer.returnValue(r)
+        return group_id_to_deferred
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _get_server_verify_key_impl(self, server_name, key_ids):
-        keys = None
+    def get_keys_from_store(self, server_name_and_key_ids):
+        res = yield defer.gatherResults(
+            [
+                self.store.get_server_verify_keys(server_name, key_ids)
+                for server_name, key_ids in server_name_and_key_ids
+            ],
+            consumeErrors=True,
+        ).addErrback(unwrapFirstError)
+
+        defer.returnValue(dict(zip(
+            [server_name for server_name, _ in server_name_and_key_ids],
+            res
+        )))
 
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def get_keys_from_perspectives(self, server_name_and_key_ids):
         @defer.inlineCallbacks
         def get_key(perspective_name, perspective_keys):
             try:
                 result = yield self.get_server_verify_key_v2_indirect(
-                    server_name, key_ids, perspective_name, perspective_keys
+                    server_name_and_key_ids, perspective_name, perspective_keys
                 )
                 defer.returnValue(result)
             except Exception as e:
-                logging.info(
-                    "Unable to getting key %r for %r from %r: %s %s",
-                    key_ids, server_name, perspective_name,
+                logger.exception(
+                    "Unable to get key from %r: %s %s",
+                    perspective_name,
                     type(e).__name__, str(e.message),
                 )
+                defer.returnValue({})
 
-        perspective_results = yield defer.gatherResults([
-            get_key(p_name, p_keys)
-            for p_name, p_keys in self.perspective_servers.items()
-        ])
+        results = yield defer.gatherResults(
+            [
+                get_key(p_name, p_keys)
+                for p_name, p_keys in self.perspective_servers.items()
+            ],
+            consumeErrors=True,
+        ).addErrback(unwrapFirstError)
 
-        for results in perspective_results:
-            if results is not None:
-                keys = results
+        union_of_keys = {}
+        for result in results:
+            for server_name, keys in result.items():
+                union_of_keys.setdefault(server_name, {}).update(keys)
 
-        limiter = yield get_retry_limiter(
-            server_name,
-            self.clock,
-            self.store,
-        )
+        defer.returnValue(union_of_keys)
 
-        with limiter:
-            if not keys:
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def get_keys_from_server(self, server_name_and_key_ids):
+        @defer.inlineCallbacks
+        def get_key(server_name, key_ids):
+            limiter = yield get_retry_limiter(
+                server_name,
+                self.clock,
+                self.store,
+            )
+            with limiter:
+                keys = None
                 try:
                     keys = yield self.get_server_verify_key_v2_direct(
                         server_name, key_ids
                     )
                 except Exception as e:
-                    logging.info(
+                    logger.info(
                         "Unable to getting key %r for %r directly: %s %s",
                         key_ids, server_name,
                         type(e).__name__, str(e.message),
                     )
 
-            if not keys:
-                keys = yield self.get_server_verify_key_v1_direct(
-                    server_name, key_ids
-                )
+                if not keys:
+                    keys = yield self.get_server_verify_key_v1_direct(
+                        server_name, key_ids
+                    )
+
+                    keys = {server_name: keys}
+
+            defer.returnValue(keys)
+
+        results = yield defer.gatherResults(
+            [
+                get_key(server_name, key_ids)
+                for server_name, key_ids in server_name_and_key_ids
+            ],
+            consumeErrors=True,
+        ).addErrback(unwrapFirstError)
 
-        for key_id in key_ids:
-            if key_id in keys:
-                defer.returnValue(keys[key_id])
-                return
-        raise ValueError("No verification key found for given key ids")
+        merged = {}
+        for result in results:
+            merged.update(result)
+
+        defer.returnValue({
+            server_name: keys
+            for server_name, keys in merged.items()
+            if keys
+        })
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def get_server_verify_key_v2_indirect(self, server_name, key_ids,
+    def get_server_verify_key_v2_indirect(self, server_names_and_key_ids,
                                           perspective_name,
                                           perspective_keys):
         limiter = yield get_retry_limiter(
@@ -204,6 +393,7 @@ class Keyring(object):
                                 u"minimum_valid_until_ts": 0
                             } for key_id in key_ids
                         }
+                        for server_name, key_ids in server_names_and_key_ids
                     }
                 },
             )
@@ -243,23 +433,29 @@ class Keyring(object):
                     " server %r" % (perspective_name,)
                 )
 
-            response_keys = yield self.process_v2_response(
-                server_name, perspective_name, response
+            processed_response = yield self.process_v2_response(
+                perspective_name, response
             )
 
-            keys.update(response_keys)
+            for server_name, response_keys in processed_response.items():
+                keys.setdefault(server_name, {}).update(response_keys)
 
-        yield self.store_keys(
-            server_name=server_name,
-            from_server=perspective_name,
-            verify_keys=keys,
-        )
+        yield defer.gatherResults(
+            [
+                self.store_keys(
+                    server_name=server_name,
+                    from_server=perspective_name,
+                    verify_keys=response_keys,
+                )
+                for server_name, response_keys in keys.items()
+            ],
+            consumeErrors=True
+        ).addErrback(unwrapFirstError)
 
         defer.returnValue(keys)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_server_verify_key_v2_direct(self, server_name, key_ids):
-
         keys = {}
 
         for requested_key_id in key_ids:
@@ -295,25 +491,30 @@ class Keyring(object):
                 raise ValueError("TLS certificate not allowed by fingerprints")
 
             response_keys = yield self.process_v2_response(
-                server_name=server_name,
                 from_server=server_name,
-                requested_id=requested_key_id,
+                requested_ids=[requested_key_id],
                 response_json=response,
             )
 
             keys.update(response_keys)
 
-        yield self.store_keys(
-            server_name=server_name,
-            from_server=server_name,
-            verify_keys=keys,
-        )
+        yield defer.gatherResults(
+            [
+                self.store_keys(
+                    server_name=key_server_name,
+                    from_server=server_name,
+                    verify_keys=verify_keys,
+                )
+                for key_server_name, verify_keys in keys.items()
+            ],
+            consumeErrors=True
+        ).addErrback(unwrapFirstError)
 
         defer.returnValue(keys)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def process_v2_response(self, server_name, from_server, response_json,
-                            requested_id=None):
+    def process_v2_response(self, from_server, response_json,
+                            requested_ids=[]):
         time_now_ms = self.clock.time_msec()
         response_keys = {}
         verify_keys = {}
@@ -335,6 +536,8 @@ class Keyring(object):
                 verify_key.time_added = time_now_ms
                 old_verify_keys[key_id] = verify_key
 
+        results = {}
+        server_name = response_json["server_name"]
         for key_id in response_json["signatures"].get(server_name, {}):
             if key_id not in response_json["verify_keys"]:
                 raise ValueError(
@@ -357,28 +560,31 @@ class Keyring(object):
         signed_key_json_bytes = encode_canonical_json(signed_key_json)
         ts_valid_until_ms = signed_key_json[u"valid_until_ts"]
 
-        updated_key_ids = set()
-        if requested_id is not None:
-            updated_key_ids.add(requested_id)
+        updated_key_ids = set(requested_ids)
         updated_key_ids.update(verify_keys)
         updated_key_ids.update(old_verify_keys)
 
         response_keys.update(verify_keys)
         response_keys.update(old_verify_keys)
 
-        for key_id in updated_key_ids:
-            yield self.store.store_server_keys_json(
-                server_name=server_name,
-                key_id=key_id,
-                from_server=server_name,
-                ts_now_ms=time_now_ms,
-                ts_expires_ms=ts_valid_until_ms,
-                key_json_bytes=signed_key_json_bytes,
-            )
+        yield defer.gatherResults(
+            [
+                self.store.store_server_keys_json(
+                    server_name=server_name,
+                    key_id=key_id,
+                    from_server=server_name,
+                    ts_now_ms=time_now_ms,
+                    ts_expires_ms=ts_valid_until_ms,
+                    key_json_bytes=signed_key_json_bytes,
+                )
+                for key_id in updated_key_ids
+            ],
+            consumeErrors=True,
+        ).addErrback(unwrapFirstError)
 
-        defer.returnValue(response_keys)
+        results[server_name] = response_keys
 
-        raise ValueError("No verification key found for given key ids")
+        defer.returnValue(results)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_server_verify_key_v1_direct(self, server_name, key_ids):
@@ -462,8 +668,13 @@ class Keyring(object):
         Returns:
             A deferred that completes when the keys are stored.
         """
-        for key_id, key in verify_keys.items():
-            # TODO(markjh): Store whether the keys have expired.
-            yield self.store.store_server_verify_key(
-                server_name, server_name, key.time_added, key
-            )
+        # TODO(markjh): Store whether the keys have expired.
+        yield defer.gatherResults(
+            [
+                self.store.store_server_verify_key(
+                    server_name, server_name, key.time_added, key
+                )
+                for key_id, key in verify_keys.items()
+            ],
+            consumeErrors=True,
+        ).addErrback(unwrapFirstError)
diff --git a/synapse/events/__init__.py b/synapse/events/__init__.py
index 39ce4f7c42..3fb4b5e791 100644
--- a/synapse/events/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/events/__init__.py
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ class EventBase(object):
         d = dict(self._event_dict)
         d.update({
             "signatures": self.signatures,
-            "unsigned": self.unsigned,
+            "unsigned": dict(self.unsigned),
         })
 
         return d
@@ -109,6 +109,9 @@ class EventBase(object):
             pdu_json.setdefault("unsigned", {})["age"] = int(age)
             del pdu_json["unsigned"]["age_ts"]
 
+        # This may be a frozen event
+        pdu_json["unsigned"].pop("redacted_because", None)
+
         return pdu_json
 
     def __set__(self, instance, value):
diff --git a/synapse/events/utils.py b/synapse/events/utils.py
index 1aa952150e..7bd78343f0 100644
--- a/synapse/events/utils.py
+++ b/synapse/events/utils.py
@@ -74,6 +74,8 @@ def prune_event(event):
         )
     elif event_type == EventTypes.Aliases:
         add_fields("aliases")
+    elif event_type == EventTypes.RoomHistoryVisibility:
+        add_fields("history_visibility")
 
     allowed_fields = {
         k: v
diff --git a/synapse/federation/federation_base.py b/synapse/federation/federation_base.py
index 299493af91..bdfa247604 100644
--- a/synapse/federation/federation_base.py
+++ b/synapse/federation/federation_base.py
@@ -32,7 +32,8 @@ logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 class FederationBase(object):
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _check_sigs_and_hash_and_fetch(self, origin, pdus, outlier=False):
+    def _check_sigs_and_hash_and_fetch(self, origin, pdus, outlier=False,
+                                       include_none=False):
         """Takes a list of PDUs and checks the signatures and hashs of each
         one. If a PDU fails its signature check then we check if we have it in
         the database and if not then request if from the originating server of
@@ -50,84 +51,108 @@ class FederationBase(object):
         Returns:
             Deferred : A list of PDUs that have valid signatures and hashes.
         """
+        deferreds = self._check_sigs_and_hashes(pdus)
 
-        signed_pdus = []
+        def callback(pdu):
+            return pdu
 
-        @defer.inlineCallbacks
-        def do(pdu):
-            try:
-                new_pdu = yield self._check_sigs_and_hash(pdu)
-                signed_pdus.append(new_pdu)
-            except SynapseError:
-                # FIXME: We should handle signature failures more gracefully.
+        def errback(failure, pdu):
+            failure.trap(SynapseError)
+            return None
 
+        def try_local_db(res, pdu):
+            if not res:
                 # Check local db.
-                new_pdu = yield self.store.get_event(
+                return self.store.get_event(
                     pdu.event_id,
                     allow_rejected=True,
                     allow_none=True,
                 )
-                if new_pdu:
-                    signed_pdus.append(new_pdu)
-                    return
-
-                # Check pdu.origin
-                if pdu.origin != origin:
-                    try:
-                        new_pdu = yield self.get_pdu(
-                            destinations=[pdu.origin],
-                            event_id=pdu.event_id,
-                            outlier=outlier,
-                            timeout=10000,
-                        )
-
-                        if new_pdu:
-                            signed_pdus.append(new_pdu)
-                            return
-                    except:
-                        pass
-
+            return res
+
+        def try_remote(res, pdu):
+            if not res and pdu.origin != origin:
+                return self.get_pdu(
+                    destinations=[pdu.origin],
+                    event_id=pdu.event_id,
+                    outlier=outlier,
+                    timeout=10000,
+                ).addErrback(lambda e: None)
+            return res
+
+        def warn(res, pdu):
+            if not res:
                 logger.warn(
                     "Failed to find copy of %s with valid signature",
                     pdu.event_id,
                 )
+            return res
+
+        for pdu, deferred in zip(pdus, deferreds):
+            deferred.addCallbacks(
+                callback, errback, errbackArgs=[pdu]
+            ).addCallback(
+                try_local_db, pdu
+            ).addCallback(
+                try_remote, pdu
+            ).addCallback(
+                warn, pdu
+            )
 
-        yield defer.gatherResults(
-            [do(pdu) for pdu in pdus],
+        valid_pdus = yield defer.gatherResults(
+            deferreds,
             consumeErrors=True
         ).addErrback(unwrapFirstError)
 
-        defer.returnValue(signed_pdus)
+        if include_none:
+            defer.returnValue(valid_pdus)
+        else:
+            defer.returnValue([p for p in valid_pdus if p])
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _check_sigs_and_hash(self, pdu):
-        """Throws a SynapseError if the PDU does not have the correct
+        return self._check_sigs_and_hashes([pdu])[0]
+
+    def _check_sigs_and_hashes(self, pdus):
+        """Throws a SynapseError if a PDU does not have the correct
         signatures.
 
         Returns:
             FrozenEvent: Either the given event or it redacted if it failed the
             content hash check.
         """
-        # Check signatures are correct.
-        redacted_event = prune_event(pdu)
-        redacted_pdu_json = redacted_event.get_pdu_json()
 
-        try:
-            yield self.keyring.verify_json_for_server(
-                pdu.origin, redacted_pdu_json
-            )
-        except SynapseError:
+        redacted_pdus = [
+            prune_event(pdu)
+            for pdu in pdus
+        ]
+
+        deferreds = self.keyring.verify_json_objects_for_server([
+            (p.origin, p.get_pdu_json())
+            for p in redacted_pdus
+        ])
+
+        def callback(_, pdu, redacted):
+            if not check_event_content_hash(pdu):
+                logger.warn(
+                    "Event content has been tampered, redacting %s: %s",
+                    pdu.event_id, pdu.get_pdu_json()
+                )
+                return redacted
+            return pdu
+
+        def errback(failure, pdu):
+            failure.trap(SynapseError)
             logger.warn(
                 "Signature check failed for %s",
                 pdu.event_id,
             )
-            raise
+            return failure
 
-        if not check_event_content_hash(pdu):
-            logger.warn(
-                "Event content has been tampered, redacting.",
-                pdu.event_id,
+        for deferred, pdu, redacted in zip(deferreds, pdus, redacted_pdus):
+            deferred.addCallbacks(
+                callback, errback,
+                callbackArgs=[pdu, redacted],
+                errbackArgs=[pdu],
             )
-            defer.returnValue(redacted_event)
 
-        defer.returnValue(pdu)
+        return deferreds
diff --git a/synapse/federation/federation_client.py b/synapse/federation/federation_client.py
index d3b46b24c1..f5e346cdbc 100644
--- a/synapse/federation/federation_client.py
+++ b/synapse/federation/federation_client.py
@@ -23,13 +23,14 @@ from synapse.api.errors import (
     CodeMessageException, HttpResponseException, SynapseError,
 )
 from synapse.util import unwrapFirstError
-from synapse.util.expiringcache import ExpiringCache
+from synapse.util.caches.expiringcache import ExpiringCache
 from synapse.util.logutils import log_function
 from synapse.events import FrozenEvent
 import synapse.metrics
 
 from synapse.util.retryutils import get_retry_limiter, NotRetryingDestination
 
+import copy
 import itertools
 import logging
 import random
@@ -133,6 +134,36 @@ class FederationClient(FederationBase):
             destination, query_type, args, retry_on_dns_fail=retry_on_dns_fail
         )
 
+    @log_function
+    def query_client_keys(self, destination, content):
+        """Query device keys for a device hosted on a remote server.
+
+        Args:
+            destination (str): Domain name of the remote homeserver
+            content (dict): The query content.
+
+        Returns:
+            a Deferred which will eventually yield a JSON object from the
+            response
+        """
+        sent_queries_counter.inc("client_device_keys")
+        return self.transport_layer.query_client_keys(destination, content)
+
+    @log_function
+    def claim_client_keys(self, destination, content):
+        """Claims one-time keys for a device hosted on a remote server.
+
+        Args:
+            destination (str): Domain name of the remote homeserver
+            content (dict): The query content.
+
+        Returns:
+            a Deferred which will eventually yield a JSON object from the
+            response
+        """
+        sent_queries_counter.inc("client_one_time_keys")
+        return self.transport_layer.claim_client_keys(destination, content)
+
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     @log_function
     def backfill(self, dest, context, limit, extremities):
@@ -167,7 +198,7 @@ class FederationClient(FederationBase):
 
         # FIXME: We should handle signature failures more gracefully.
         pdus[:] = yield defer.gatherResults(
-            [self._check_sigs_and_hash(pdu) for pdu in pdus],
+            self._check_sigs_and_hashes(pdus),
             consumeErrors=True,
         ).addErrback(unwrapFirstError)
 
@@ -230,7 +261,7 @@ class FederationClient(FederationBase):
                         pdu = pdu_list[0]
 
                         # Check signatures are correct.
-                        pdu = yield self._check_sigs_and_hash(pdu)
+                        pdu = yield self._check_sigs_and_hashes([pdu])[0]
 
                         break
 
@@ -327,6 +358,9 @@ class FederationClient(FederationBase):
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def make_join(self, destinations, room_id, user_id):
         for destination in destinations:
+            if destination == self.server_name:
+                continue
+
             try:
                 ret = yield self.transport_layer.make_join(
                     destination, room_id, user_id
@@ -353,6 +387,9 @@ class FederationClient(FederationBase):
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def send_join(self, destinations, pdu):
         for destination in destinations:
+            if destination == self.server_name:
+                continue
+
             try:
                 time_now = self._clock.time_msec()
                 _, content = yield self.transport_layer.send_join(
@@ -374,17 +411,39 @@ class FederationClient(FederationBase):
                     for p in content.get("auth_chain", [])
                 ]
 
-                signed_state, signed_auth = yield defer.gatherResults(
-                    [
-                        self._check_sigs_and_hash_and_fetch(
-                            destination, state, outlier=True
-                        ),
-                        self._check_sigs_and_hash_and_fetch(
-                            destination, auth_chain, outlier=True
-                        )
-                    ],
-                    consumeErrors=True
-                ).addErrback(unwrapFirstError)
+                pdus = {
+                    p.event_id: p
+                    for p in itertools.chain(state, auth_chain)
+                }
+
+                valid_pdus = yield self._check_sigs_and_hash_and_fetch(
+                    destination, pdus.values(),
+                    outlier=True,
+                )
+
+                valid_pdus_map = {
+                    p.event_id: p
+                    for p in valid_pdus
+                }
+
+                # NB: We *need* to copy to ensure that we don't have multiple
+                # references being passed on, as that causes... issues.
+                signed_state = [
+                    copy.copy(valid_pdus_map[p.event_id])
+                    for p in state
+                    if p.event_id in valid_pdus_map
+                ]
+
+                signed_auth = [
+                    valid_pdus_map[p.event_id]
+                    for p in auth_chain
+                    if p.event_id in valid_pdus_map
+                ]
+
+                # NB: We *need* to copy to ensure that we don't have multiple
+                # references being passed on, as that causes... issues.
+                for s in signed_state:
+                    s.internal_metadata = copy.deepcopy(s.internal_metadata)
 
                 auth_chain.sort(key=lambda e: e.depth)
 
@@ -396,7 +455,7 @@ class FederationClient(FederationBase):
             except CodeMessageException:
                 raise
             except Exception as e:
-                logger.warn(
+                logger.exception(
                     "Failed to send_join via %s: %s",
                     destination, e.message
                 )
diff --git a/synapse/federation/federation_server.py b/synapse/federation/federation_server.py
index cd79e23f4b..725c6f3fa5 100644
--- a/synapse/federation/federation_server.py
+++ b/synapse/federation/federation_server.py
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ from synapse.api.errors import FederationError, SynapseError
 
 from synapse.crypto.event_signing import compute_event_signature
 
+import simplejson as json
 import logging
 
 
@@ -314,6 +315,48 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     @log_function
+    def on_query_client_keys(self, origin, content):
+        query = []
+        for user_id, device_ids in content.get("device_keys", {}).items():
+            if not device_ids:
+                query.append((user_id, None))
+            else:
+                for device_id in device_ids:
+                    query.append((user_id, device_id))
+
+        results = yield self.store.get_e2e_device_keys(query)
+
+        json_result = {}
+        for user_id, device_keys in results.items():
+            for device_id, json_bytes in device_keys.items():
+                json_result.setdefault(user_id, {})[device_id] = json.loads(
+                    json_bytes
+                )
+
+        defer.returnValue({"device_keys": json_result})
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    @log_function
+    def on_claim_client_keys(self, origin, content):
+        query = []
+        for user_id, device_keys in content.get("one_time_keys", {}).items():
+            for device_id, algorithm in device_keys.items():
+                query.append((user_id, device_id, algorithm))
+
+        results = yield self.store.claim_e2e_one_time_keys(query)
+
+        json_result = {}
+        for user_id, device_keys in results.items():
+            for device_id, keys in device_keys.items():
+                for key_id, json_bytes in keys.items():
+                    json_result.setdefault(user_id, {})[device_id] = {
+                        key_id: json.loads(json_bytes)
+                    }
+
+        defer.returnValue({"one_time_keys": json_result})
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    @log_function
     def on_get_missing_events(self, origin, room_id, earliest_events,
                               latest_events, limit, min_depth):
         missing_events = yield self.handler.on_get_missing_events(
diff --git a/synapse/federation/transport/client.py b/synapse/federation/transport/client.py
index 610a4c3163..ced703364b 100644
--- a/synapse/federation/transport/client.py
+++ b/synapse/federation/transport/client.py
@@ -224,6 +224,76 @@ class TransportLayerClient(object):
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     @log_function
+    def query_client_keys(self, destination, query_content):
+        """Query the device keys for a list of user ids hosted on a remote
+        server.
+
+        Request:
+            {
+              "device_keys": {
+                "<user_id>": ["<device_id>"]
+            } }
+
+        Response:
+            {
+              "device_keys": {
+                "<user_id>": {
+                  "<device_id>": {...}
+            } } }
+
+        Args:
+            destination(str): The server to query.
+            query_content(dict): The user ids to query.
+        Returns:
+            A dict containg the device keys.
+        """
+        path = PREFIX + "/user/keys/query"
+
+        content = yield self.client.post_json(
+            destination=destination,
+            path=path,
+            data=query_content,
+        )
+        defer.returnValue(content)
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    @log_function
+    def claim_client_keys(self, destination, query_content):
+        """Claim one-time keys for a list of devices hosted on a remote server.
+
+        Request:
+            {
+              "one_time_keys": {
+                "<user_id>": {
+                    "<device_id>": "<algorithm>"
+            } } }
+
+        Response:
+            {
+              "device_keys": {
+                "<user_id>": {
+                  "<device_id>": {
+                    "<algorithm>:<key_id>": "<key_base64>"
+            } } } }
+
+        Args:
+            destination(str): The server to query.
+            query_content(dict): The user ids to query.
+        Returns:
+            A dict containg the one-time keys.
+        """
+
+        path = PREFIX + "/user/keys/claim"
+
+        content = yield self.client.post_json(
+            destination=destination,
+            path=path,
+            data=query_content,
+        )
+        defer.returnValue(content)
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    @log_function
     def get_missing_events(self, destination, room_id, earliest_events,
                            latest_events, limit, min_depth):
         path = PREFIX + "/get_missing_events/%s" % (room_id,)
diff --git a/synapse/federation/transport/server.py b/synapse/federation/transport/server.py
index bad93c6b2f..36f250e1a3 100644
--- a/synapse/federation/transport/server.py
+++ b/synapse/federation/transport/server.py
@@ -325,6 +325,24 @@ class FederationInviteServlet(BaseFederationServlet):
         defer.returnValue((200, content))
 
 
+class FederationClientKeysQueryServlet(BaseFederationServlet):
+    PATH = "/user/keys/query"
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def on_POST(self, origin, content, query):
+        response = yield self.handler.on_query_client_keys(origin, content)
+        defer.returnValue((200, response))
+
+
+class FederationClientKeysClaimServlet(BaseFederationServlet):
+    PATH = "/user/keys/claim"
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def on_POST(self, origin, content, query):
+        response = yield self.handler.on_claim_client_keys(origin, content)
+        defer.returnValue((200, response))
+
+
 class FederationQueryAuthServlet(BaseFederationServlet):
     PATH = "/query_auth/([^/]*)/([^/]*)"
 
@@ -373,4 +391,6 @@ SERVLET_CLASSES = (
     FederationQueryAuthServlet,
     FederationGetMissingEventsServlet,
     FederationEventAuthServlet,
+    FederationClientKeysQueryServlet,
+    FederationClientKeysClaimServlet,
 )
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/__init__.py b/synapse/handlers/__init__.py
index 685792dbdc..8725c3c420 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/__init__.py
@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@ from .room import (
 from .message import MessageHandler
 from .events import EventStreamHandler, EventHandler
 from .federation import FederationHandler
-from .login import LoginHandler
 from .profile import ProfileHandler
 from .presence import PresenceHandler
 from .directory import DirectoryHandler
@@ -32,6 +31,7 @@ from .appservice import ApplicationServicesHandler
 from .sync import SyncHandler
 from .auth import AuthHandler
 from .identity import IdentityHandler
+from .receipts import ReceiptsHandler
 
 
 class Handlers(object):
@@ -53,10 +53,10 @@ class Handlers(object):
         self.profile_handler = ProfileHandler(hs)
         self.presence_handler = PresenceHandler(hs)
         self.room_list_handler = RoomListHandler(hs)
-        self.login_handler = LoginHandler(hs)
         self.directory_handler = DirectoryHandler(hs)
         self.typing_notification_handler = TypingNotificationHandler(hs)
         self.admin_handler = AdminHandler(hs)
+        self.receipts_handler = ReceiptsHandler(hs)
         asapi = ApplicationServiceApi(hs)
         self.appservice_handler = ApplicationServicesHandler(
             hs, asapi, AppServiceScheduler(
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/_base.py b/synapse/handlers/_base.py
index d6c064b398..cb992143f5 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/_base.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/_base.py
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ from twisted.internet import defer
 from synapse.api.errors import LimitExceededError, SynapseError
 from synapse.crypto.event_signing import add_hashes_and_signatures
 from synapse.api.constants import Membership, EventTypes
-from synapse.types import UserID
+from synapse.types import UserID, RoomAlias
 
 from synapse.util.logcontext import PreserveLoggingContext
 
@@ -107,6 +107,22 @@ class BaseHandler(object):
         if not suppress_auth:
             self.auth.check(event, auth_events=context.current_state)
 
+        if event.type == EventTypes.CanonicalAlias:
+            # Check the alias is acually valid (at this time at least)
+            room_alias_str = event.content.get("alias", None)
+            if room_alias_str:
+                room_alias = RoomAlias.from_string(room_alias_str)
+                directory_handler = self.hs.get_handlers().directory_handler
+                mapping = yield directory_handler.get_association(room_alias)
+
+                if mapping["room_id"] != event.room_id:
+                    raise SynapseError(
+                        400,
+                        "Room alias %s does not point to the room" % (
+                            room_alias_str,
+                        )
+                    )
+
         (event_stream_id, max_stream_id) = yield self.store.persist_event(
             event, context=context
         )
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/auth.py b/synapse/handlers/auth.py
index 63071653a3..602c5bcd89 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/auth.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/auth.py
@@ -47,17 +47,24 @@ class AuthHandler(BaseHandler):
         self.sessions = {}
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def check_auth(self, flows, clientdict, clientip=None):
+    def check_auth(self, flows, clientdict, clientip):
         """
         Takes a dictionary sent by the client in the login / registration
         protocol and handles the login flow.
 
+        As a side effect, this function fills in the 'creds' key on the user's
+        session with a map, which maps each auth-type (str) to the relevant
+        identity authenticated by that auth-type (mostly str, but for captcha, bool).
+
         Args:
-            flows: list of list of stages
-            authdict: The dictionary from the client root level, not the
-                      'auth' key: this method prompts for auth if none is sent.
+            flows (list): A list of login flows. Each flow is an ordered list of
+                          strings representing auth-types. At least one full
+                          flow must be completed in order for auth to be successful.
+            clientdict: The dictionary from the client root level, not the
+                        'auth' key: this method prompts for auth if none is sent.
+            clientip (str): The IP address of the client.
         Returns:
-            A tuple of authed, dict, dict where authed is true if the client
+            A tuple of (authed, dict, dict) where authed is true if the client
             has successfully completed an auth flow. If it is true, the first
             dict contains the authenticated credentials of each stage.
 
@@ -75,7 +82,7 @@ class AuthHandler(BaseHandler):
             del clientdict['auth']
             if 'session' in authdict:
                 sid = authdict['session']
-        sess = self._get_session_info(sid)
+        session = self._get_session_info(sid)
 
         if len(clientdict) > 0:
             # This was designed to allow the client to omit the parameters
@@ -85,20 +92,21 @@ class AuthHandler(BaseHandler):
             # email auth link on there). It's probably too open to abuse
             # because it lets unauthenticated clients store arbitrary objects
             # on a home server.
-            # sess['clientdict'] = clientdict
-            # self._save_session(sess)
-            pass
-        elif 'clientdict' in sess:
-            clientdict = sess['clientdict']
+            # Revisit: Assumimg the REST APIs do sensible validation, the data
+            # isn't arbintrary.
+            session['clientdict'] = clientdict
+            self._save_session(session)
+        elif 'clientdict' in session:
+            clientdict = session['clientdict']
 
         if not authdict:
             defer.returnValue(
-                (False, self._auth_dict_for_flows(flows, sess), clientdict)
+                (False, self._auth_dict_for_flows(flows, session), clientdict)
             )
 
-        if 'creds' not in sess:
-            sess['creds'] = {}
-        creds = sess['creds']
+        if 'creds' not in session:
+            session['creds'] = {}
+        creds = session['creds']
 
         # check auth type currently being presented
         if 'type' in authdict:
@@ -107,15 +115,15 @@ class AuthHandler(BaseHandler):
             result = yield self.checkers[authdict['type']](authdict, clientip)
             if result:
                 creds[authdict['type']] = result
-                self._save_session(sess)
+                self._save_session(session)
 
         for f in flows:
             if len(set(f) - set(creds.keys())) == 0:
                 logger.info("Auth completed with creds: %r", creds)
-                self._remove_session(sess)
+                self._remove_session(session)
                 defer.returnValue((True, creds, clientdict))
 
-        ret = self._auth_dict_for_flows(flows, sess)
+        ret = self._auth_dict_for_flows(flows, session)
         ret['completed'] = creds.keys()
         defer.returnValue((False, ret, clientdict))
 
@@ -149,22 +157,14 @@ class AuthHandler(BaseHandler):
         if "user" not in authdict or "password" not in authdict:
             raise LoginError(400, "", Codes.MISSING_PARAM)
 
-        user = authdict["user"]
+        user_id = authdict["user"]
         password = authdict["password"]
-        if not user.startswith('@'):
-            user = UserID.create(user, self.hs.hostname).to_string()
+        if not user_id.startswith('@'):
+            user_id = UserID.create(user_id, self.hs.hostname).to_string()
 
-        user_info = yield self.store.get_user_by_id(user_id=user)
-        if not user_info:
-            logger.warn("Attempted to login as %s but they do not exist", user)
-            raise LoginError(401, "", errcode=Codes.UNAUTHORIZED)
-
-        stored_hash = user_info["password_hash"]
-        if bcrypt.checkpw(password, stored_hash):
-            defer.returnValue(user)
-        else:
-            logger.warn("Failed password login for user %s", user)
-            raise LoginError(401, "", errcode=Codes.UNAUTHORIZED)
+        user_id, password_hash = yield self._find_user_id_and_pwd_hash(user_id)
+        self._check_password(user_id, password, password_hash)
+        defer.returnValue(user_id)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _check_recaptcha(self, authdict, clientip):
@@ -268,6 +268,79 @@ class AuthHandler(BaseHandler):
 
         return self.sessions[session_id]
 
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def login_with_password(self, user_id, password):
+        """
+        Authenticates the user with their username and password.
+
+        Used only by the v1 login API.
+
+        Args:
+            user_id (str): User ID
+            password (str): Password
+        Returns:
+            The access token for the user's session.
+        Raises:
+            StoreError if there was a problem storing the token.
+            LoginError if there was an authentication problem.
+        """
+        user_id, password_hash = yield self._find_user_id_and_pwd_hash(user_id)
+        self._check_password(user_id, password, password_hash)
+
+        reg_handler = self.hs.get_handlers().registration_handler
+        access_token = reg_handler.generate_token(user_id)
+        logger.info("Logging in user %s", user_id)
+        yield self.store.add_access_token_to_user(user_id, access_token)
+        defer.returnValue((user_id, access_token))
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def _find_user_id_and_pwd_hash(self, user_id):
+        """Checks to see if a user with the given id exists. Will check case
+        insensitively, but will throw if there are multiple inexact matches.
+
+        Returns:
+            tuple: A 2-tuple of `(canonical_user_id, password_hash)`
+        """
+        user_infos = yield self.store.get_users_by_id_case_insensitive(user_id)
+        if not user_infos:
+            logger.warn("Attempted to login as %s but they do not exist", user_id)
+            raise LoginError(403, "", errcode=Codes.FORBIDDEN)
+
+        if len(user_infos) > 1:
+            if user_id not in user_infos:
+                logger.warn(
+                    "Attempted to login as %s but it matches more than one user "
+                    "inexactly: %r",
+                    user_id, user_infos.keys()
+                )
+                raise LoginError(403, "", errcode=Codes.FORBIDDEN)
+
+            defer.returnValue((user_id, user_infos[user_id]))
+        else:
+            defer.returnValue(user_infos.popitem())
+
+    def _check_password(self, user_id, password, stored_hash):
+        """Checks that user_id has passed password, raises LoginError if not."""
+        if not bcrypt.checkpw(password, stored_hash):
+            logger.warn("Failed password login for user %s", user_id)
+            raise LoginError(403, "", errcode=Codes.FORBIDDEN)
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def set_password(self, user_id, newpassword):
+        password_hash = bcrypt.hashpw(newpassword, bcrypt.gensalt())
+
+        yield self.store.user_set_password_hash(user_id, password_hash)
+        yield self.store.user_delete_access_tokens(user_id)
+        yield self.hs.get_pusherpool().remove_pushers_by_user(user_id)
+        yield self.store.flush_user(user_id)
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def add_threepid(self, user_id, medium, address, validated_at):
+        yield self.store.user_add_threepid(
+            user_id, medium, address, validated_at,
+            self.hs.get_clock().time_msec()
+        )
+
     def _save_session(self, session):
         # TODO: Persistent storage
         logger.debug("Saving session %s", session)
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/events.py b/synapse/handlers/events.py
index 993d33ba47..891502c04f 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/events.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/events.py
@@ -49,7 +49,12 @@ class EventStreamHandler(BaseHandler):
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     @log_function
     def get_stream(self, auth_user_id, pagin_config, timeout=0,
-                   as_client_event=True, affect_presence=True):
+                   as_client_event=True, affect_presence=True,
+                   only_room_events=False):
+        """Fetches the events stream for a given user.
+
+        If `only_room_events` is `True` only room events will be returned.
+        """
         auth_user = UserID.from_string(auth_user_id)
 
         try:
@@ -70,7 +75,15 @@ class EventStreamHandler(BaseHandler):
                 self._streams_per_user[auth_user] += 1
 
             rm_handler = self.hs.get_handlers().room_member_handler
-            room_ids = yield rm_handler.get_joined_rooms_for_user(auth_user)
+
+            app_service = yield self.store.get_app_service_by_user_id(
+                auth_user.to_string()
+            )
+            if app_service:
+                rooms = yield self.store.get_app_service_rooms(app_service)
+                room_ids = set(r.room_id for r in rooms)
+            else:
+                room_ids = yield rm_handler.get_joined_rooms_for_user(auth_user)
 
             if timeout:
                 # If they've set a timeout set a minimum limit.
@@ -81,7 +94,8 @@ class EventStreamHandler(BaseHandler):
                 timeout = random.randint(int(timeout*0.9), int(timeout*1.1))
 
             events, tokens = yield self.notifier.get_events_for(
-                auth_user, room_ids, pagin_config, timeout
+                auth_user, room_ids, pagin_config, timeout,
+                only_room_events=only_room_events
             )
 
             time_now = self.clock.time_msec()
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/federation.py b/synapse/handlers/federation.py
index b5d882fd65..4ff20599d6 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/federation.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/federation.py
@@ -31,6 +31,8 @@ from synapse.crypto.event_signing import (
 )
 from synapse.types import UserID
 
+from synapse.events.utils import prune_event
+
 from synapse.util.retryutils import NotRetryingDestination
 
 from twisted.internet import defer
@@ -138,26 +140,29 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
         if state and auth_chain is not None:
             # If we have any state or auth_chain given to us by the replication
             # layer, then we should handle them (if we haven't before.)
+
+            event_infos = []
+
             for e in itertools.chain(auth_chain, state):
                 if e.event_id in seen_ids:
                     continue
-
                 e.internal_metadata.outlier = True
-                try:
-                    auth_ids = [e_id for e_id, _ in e.auth_events]
-                    auth = {
-                        (e.type, e.state_key): e for e in auth_chain
-                        if e.event_id in auth_ids
-                    }
-                    yield self._handle_new_event(
-                        origin, e, auth_events=auth
-                    )
-                    seen_ids.add(e.event_id)
-                except:
-                    logger.exception(
-                        "Failed to handle state event %s",
-                        e.event_id,
-                    )
+                auth_ids = [e_id for e_id, _ in e.auth_events]
+                auth = {
+                    (e.type, e.state_key): e for e in auth_chain
+                    if e.event_id in auth_ids
+                }
+                event_infos.append({
+                    "event": e,
+                    "auth_events": auth,
+                })
+                seen_ids.add(e.event_id)
+
+            yield self._handle_new_events(
+                origin,
+                event_infos,
+                outliers=True
+            )
 
         try:
             _, event_stream_id, max_stream_id = yield self._handle_new_event(
@@ -222,6 +227,55 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
                     "user_joined_room", user=user, room_id=event.room_id
                 )
 
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def _filter_events_for_server(self, server_name, room_id, events):
+        event_to_state = yield self.store.get_state_for_events(
+            room_id, frozenset(e.event_id for e in events),
+            types=(
+                (EventTypes.RoomHistoryVisibility, ""),
+                (EventTypes.Member, None),
+            )
+        )
+
+        def redact_disallowed(event, state):
+            if not state:
+                return event
+
+            history = state.get((EventTypes.RoomHistoryVisibility, ''), None)
+            if history:
+                visibility = history.content.get("history_visibility", "shared")
+                if visibility in ["invited", "joined"]:
+                    # We now loop through all state events looking for
+                    # membership states for the requesting server to determine
+                    # if the server is either in the room or has been invited
+                    # into the room.
+                    for ev in state.values():
+                        if ev.type != EventTypes.Member:
+                            continue
+                        try:
+                            domain = UserID.from_string(ev.state_key).domain
+                        except:
+                            continue
+
+                        if domain != server_name:
+                            continue
+
+                        memtype = ev.membership
+                        if memtype == Membership.JOIN:
+                            return event
+                        elif memtype == Membership.INVITE:
+                            if visibility == "invited":
+                                return event
+                    else:
+                        return prune_event(event)
+
+            return event
+
+        defer.returnValue([
+            redact_disallowed(e, event_to_state[e.event_id])
+            for e in events
+        ])
+
     @log_function
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def backfill(self, dest, room_id, limit, extremities=[]):
@@ -292,38 +346,29 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
         ).addErrback(unwrapFirstError)
         auth_events.update({a.event_id: a for a in results})
 
-        yield defer.gatherResults(
-            [
-                self._handle_new_event(
-                    dest, a,
-                    auth_events={
-                        (auth_events[a_id].type, auth_events[a_id].state_key):
-                        auth_events[a_id]
-                        for a_id, _ in a.auth_events
-                    },
-                )
-                for a in auth_events.values()
-                if a.event_id not in seen_events
-            ],
-            consumeErrors=True,
-        ).addErrback(unwrapFirstError)
-
-        yield defer.gatherResults(
-            [
-                self._handle_new_event(
-                    dest, event_map[e_id],
-                    state=events_to_state[e_id],
-                    backfilled=True,
-                    auth_events={
-                        (auth_events[a_id].type, auth_events[a_id].state_key):
-                        auth_events[a_id]
-                        for a_id, _ in event_map[e_id].auth_events
-                    },
-                )
-                for e_id in events_to_state
-            ],
-            consumeErrors=True
-        ).addErrback(unwrapFirstError)
+        ev_infos = []
+        for a in auth_events.values():
+            if a.event_id in seen_events:
+                continue
+            ev_infos.append({
+                "event": a,
+                "auth_events": {
+                    (auth_events[a_id].type, auth_events[a_id].state_key):
+                    auth_events[a_id]
+                    for a_id, _ in a.auth_events
+                }
+            })
+
+        for e_id in events_to_state:
+            ev_infos.append({
+                "event": event_map[e_id],
+                "state": events_to_state[e_id],
+                "auth_events": {
+                    (auth_events[a_id].type, auth_events[a_id].state_key):
+                    auth_events[a_id]
+                    for a_id, _ in event_map[e_id].auth_events
+                }
+            })
 
         events.sort(key=lambda e: e.depth)
 
@@ -331,10 +376,14 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
             if event in events_to_state:
                 continue
 
-            yield self._handle_new_event(
-                dest, event,
-                backfilled=True,
-            )
+            ev_infos.append({
+                "event": event,
+            })
+
+        yield self._handle_new_events(
+            dest, ev_infos,
+            backfilled=True,
+        )
 
         defer.returnValue(events)
 
@@ -453,7 +502,7 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
         event_ids = list(extremities.keys())
 
         states = yield defer.gatherResults([
-            self.state_handler.resolve_state_groups([e])
+            self.state_handler.resolve_state_groups(room_id, [e])
             for e in event_ids
         ])
         states = dict(zip(event_ids, [s[1] for s in states]))
@@ -600,32 +649,22 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
                 # FIXME
                 pass
 
-            yield self._handle_auth_events(
-                origin, [e for e in auth_chain if e.event_id != event.event_id]
-            )
-
-            @defer.inlineCallbacks
-            def handle_state(e):
+            ev_infos = []
+            for e in itertools.chain(state, auth_chain):
                 if e.event_id == event.event_id:
-                    return
+                    continue
 
                 e.internal_metadata.outlier = True
-                try:
-                    auth_ids = [e_id for e_id, _ in e.auth_events]
-                    auth = {
+                auth_ids = [e_id for e_id, _ in e.auth_events]
+                ev_infos.append({
+                    "event": e,
+                    "auth_events": {
                         (e.type, e.state_key): e for e in auth_chain
                         if e.event_id in auth_ids
                     }
-                    yield self._handle_new_event(
-                        origin, e, auth_events=auth
-                    )
-                except:
-                    logger.exception(
-                        "Failed to handle state event %s",
-                        e.event_id,
-                    )
+                })
 
-            yield defer.DeferredList([handle_state(e) for e in state])
+            yield self._handle_new_events(origin, ev_infos, outliers=True)
 
             auth_ids = [e_id for e_id, _ in event.auth_events]
             auth_events = {
@@ -835,7 +874,7 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
                 raise AuthError(403, "Host not in room.")
 
         state_groups = yield self.store.get_state_groups(
-            [event_id]
+            room_id, [event_id]
         )
 
         if state_groups:
@@ -882,6 +921,8 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
             limit
         )
 
+        events = yield self._filter_events_for_server(origin, room_id, events)
+
         defer.returnValue(events)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -940,11 +981,54 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
     def _handle_new_event(self, origin, event, state=None, backfilled=False,
                           current_state=None, auth_events=None):
 
-        logger.debug(
-            "_handle_new_event: %s, sigs: %s",
-            event.event_id, event.signatures,
+        outlier = event.internal_metadata.is_outlier()
+
+        context = yield self._prep_event(
+            origin, event,
+            state=state,
+            backfilled=backfilled,
+            current_state=current_state,
+            auth_events=auth_events,
+        )
+
+        event_stream_id, max_stream_id = yield self.store.persist_event(
+            event,
+            context=context,
+            backfilled=backfilled,
+            is_new_state=(not outlier and not backfilled),
+            current_state=current_state,
+        )
+
+        defer.returnValue((context, event_stream_id, max_stream_id))
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def _handle_new_events(self, origin, event_infos, backfilled=False,
+                           outliers=False):
+        contexts = yield defer.gatherResults(
+            [
+                self._prep_event(
+                    origin,
+                    ev_info["event"],
+                    state=ev_info.get("state"),
+                    backfilled=backfilled,
+                    auth_events=ev_info.get("auth_events"),
+                )
+                for ev_info in event_infos
+            ]
+        )
+
+        yield self.store.persist_events(
+            [
+                (ev_info["event"], context)
+                for ev_info, context in itertools.izip(event_infos, contexts)
+            ],
+            backfilled=backfilled,
+            is_new_state=(not outliers and not backfilled),
         )
 
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def _prep_event(self, origin, event, state=None, backfilled=False,
+                    current_state=None, auth_events=None):
         outlier = event.internal_metadata.is_outlier()
 
         context = yield self.state_handler.compute_event_context(
@@ -954,13 +1038,6 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
         if not auth_events:
             auth_events = context.current_state
 
-        logger.debug(
-            "_handle_new_event: %s, auth_events: %s",
-            event.event_id, auth_events,
-        )
-
-        is_new_state = not outlier
-
         # This is a hack to fix some old rooms where the initial join event
         # didn't reference the create event in its auth events.
         if event.type == EventTypes.Member and not event.auth_events:
@@ -984,26 +1061,7 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
 
             context.rejected = RejectedReason.AUTH_ERROR
 
-            # FIXME: Don't store as rejected with AUTH_ERROR if we haven't
-            # seen all the auth events.
-            yield self.store.persist_event(
-                event,
-                context=context,
-                backfilled=backfilled,
-                is_new_state=False,
-                current_state=current_state,
-            )
-            raise
-
-        event_stream_id, max_stream_id = yield self.store.persist_event(
-            event,
-            context=context,
-            backfilled=backfilled,
-            is_new_state=(is_new_state and not backfilled),
-            current_state=current_state,
-        )
-
-        defer.returnValue((context, event_stream_id, max_stream_id))
+        defer.returnValue(context)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_query_auth(self, origin, event_id, remote_auth_chain, rejects,
@@ -1066,14 +1124,24 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
     @log_function
     def do_auth(self, origin, event, context, auth_events):
         # Check if we have all the auth events.
-        have_events = yield self.store.have_events(
-            [e_id for e_id, _ in event.auth_events]
-        )
-
+        current_state = set(e.event_id for e in auth_events.values())
         event_auth_events = set(e_id for e_id, _ in event.auth_events)
+
+        if event_auth_events - current_state:
+            have_events = yield self.store.have_events(
+                event_auth_events - current_state
+            )
+        else:
+            have_events = {}
+
+        have_events.update({
+            e.event_id: ""
+            for e in auth_events.values()
+        })
+
         seen_events = set(have_events.keys())
 
-        missing_auth = event_auth_events - seen_events
+        missing_auth = event_auth_events - seen_events - current_state
 
         if missing_auth:
             logger.info("Missing auth: %s", missing_auth)
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/identity.py b/synapse/handlers/identity.py
index 6200e10775..2a99921d5f 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/identity.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/identity.py
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ class IdentityHandler(BaseHandler):
         http_client = SimpleHttpClient(self.hs)
         # XXX: make this configurable!
         # trustedIdServers = ['matrix.org', 'localhost:8090']
-        trustedIdServers = ['matrix.org']
+        trustedIdServers = ['matrix.org', 'vector.im']
 
         if 'id_server' in creds:
             id_server = creds['id_server']
@@ -117,3 +117,28 @@ class IdentityHandler(BaseHandler):
         except CodeMessageException as e:
             data = json.loads(e.msg)
         defer.returnValue(data)
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def requestEmailToken(self, id_server, email, client_secret, send_attempt, **kwargs):
+        yield run_on_reactor()
+        http_client = SimpleHttpClient(self.hs)
+
+        params = {
+            'email': email,
+            'client_secret': client_secret,
+            'send_attempt': send_attempt,
+        }
+        params.update(kwargs)
+
+        try:
+            data = yield http_client.post_urlencoded_get_json(
+                "https://%s%s" % (
+                    id_server,
+                    "/_matrix/identity/api/v1/validate/email/requestToken"
+                ),
+                params
+            )
+            defer.returnValue(data)
+        except CodeMessageException as e:
+            logger.info("Proxied requestToken failed: %r", e)
+            raise e
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/login.py b/synapse/handlers/login.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 91d87d503d..0000000000
--- a/synapse/handlers/login.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,83 +0,0 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-# Copyright 2014, 2015 OpenMarket Ltd
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-
-from twisted.internet import defer
-
-from ._base import BaseHandler
-from synapse.api.errors import LoginError, Codes
-
-import bcrypt
-import logging
-
-logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
-
-
-class LoginHandler(BaseHandler):
-
-    def __init__(self, hs):
-        super(LoginHandler, self).__init__(hs)
-        self.hs = hs
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def login(self, user, password):
-        """Login as the specified user with the specified password.
-
-        Args:
-            user (str): The user ID.
-            password (str): The password.
-        Returns:
-            The newly allocated access token.
-        Raises:
-            StoreError if there was a problem storing the token.
-            LoginError if there was an authentication problem.
-        """
-        # TODO do this better, it can't go in __init__ else it cyclic loops
-        if not hasattr(self, "reg_handler"):
-            self.reg_handler = self.hs.get_handlers().registration_handler
-
-        # pull out the hash for this user if they exist
-        user_info = yield self.store.get_user_by_id(user_id=user)
-        if not user_info:
-            logger.warn("Attempted to login as %s but they do not exist", user)
-            raise LoginError(403, "", errcode=Codes.FORBIDDEN)
-
-        stored_hash = user_info["password_hash"]
-        if bcrypt.checkpw(password, stored_hash):
-            # generate an access token and store it.
-            token = self.reg_handler._generate_token(user)
-            logger.info("Adding token %s for user %s", token, user)
-            yield self.store.add_access_token_to_user(user, token)
-            defer.returnValue(token)
-        else:
-            logger.warn("Failed password login for user %s", user)
-            raise LoginError(403, "", errcode=Codes.FORBIDDEN)
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def set_password(self, user_id, newpassword, token_id=None):
-        password_hash = bcrypt.hashpw(newpassword, bcrypt.gensalt())
-
-        yield self.store.user_set_password_hash(user_id, password_hash)
-        yield self.store.user_delete_access_tokens_apart_from(user_id, token_id)
-        yield self.hs.get_pusherpool().remove_pushers_by_user_access_token(
-            user_id, token_id
-        )
-        yield self.store.flush_user(user_id)
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def add_threepid(self, user_id, medium, address, validated_at):
-        yield self.store.user_add_threepid(
-            user_id, medium, address, validated_at,
-            self.hs.get_clock().time_msec()
-        )
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/message.py b/synapse/handlers/message.py
index e324662f18..f12465fa2c 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/message.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/message.py
@@ -113,11 +113,21 @@ class MessageHandler(BaseHandler):
             "room_key", next_key
         )
 
+        if not events:
+            defer.returnValue({
+                "chunk": [],
+                "start": pagin_config.from_token.to_string(),
+                "end": next_token.to_string(),
+            })
+
+        events = yield self._filter_events_for_client(user_id, room_id, events)
+
         time_now = self.clock.time_msec()
 
         chunk = {
             "chunk": [
-                serialize_event(e, time_now, as_client_event) for e in events
+                serialize_event(e, time_now, as_client_event)
+                for e in events
             ],
             "start": pagin_config.from_token.to_string(),
             "end": next_token.to_string(),
@@ -126,6 +136,52 @@ class MessageHandler(BaseHandler):
         defer.returnValue(chunk)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def _filter_events_for_client(self, user_id, room_id, events):
+        event_id_to_state = yield self.store.get_state_for_events(
+            room_id, frozenset(e.event_id for e in events),
+            types=(
+                (EventTypes.RoomHistoryVisibility, ""),
+                (EventTypes.Member, user_id),
+            )
+        )
+
+        def allowed(event, state):
+            if event.type == EventTypes.RoomHistoryVisibility:
+                return True
+
+            membership_ev = state.get((EventTypes.Member, user_id), None)
+            if membership_ev:
+                membership = membership_ev.membership
+            else:
+                membership = Membership.LEAVE
+
+            if membership == Membership.JOIN:
+                return True
+
+            history = state.get((EventTypes.RoomHistoryVisibility, ''), None)
+            if history:
+                visibility = history.content.get("history_visibility", "shared")
+            else:
+                visibility = "shared"
+
+            if visibility == "public":
+                return True
+            elif visibility == "shared":
+                return True
+            elif visibility == "joined":
+                return membership == Membership.JOIN
+            elif visibility == "invited":
+                return membership == Membership.INVITE
+
+            return True
+
+        defer.returnValue([
+            event
+            for event in events
+            if allowed(event, event_id_to_state[event.event_id])
+        ])
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def create_and_send_event(self, event_dict, ratelimit=True,
                               client=None, txn_id=None):
         """ Given a dict from a client, create and handle a new event.
@@ -278,6 +334,11 @@ class MessageHandler(BaseHandler):
             user, pagination_config.get_source_config("presence"), None
         )
 
+        receipt_stream = self.hs.get_event_sources().sources["receipt"]
+        receipt, _ = yield receipt_stream.get_pagination_rows(
+            user, pagination_config.get_source_config("receipt"), None
+        )
+
         public_room_ids = yield self.store.get_public_room_ids()
 
         limit = pagin_config.limit
@@ -316,6 +377,10 @@ class MessageHandler(BaseHandler):
                     ]
                 ).addErrback(unwrapFirstError)
 
+                messages = yield self._filter_events_for_client(
+                    user_id, event.room_id, messages
+                )
+
                 start_token = now_token.copy_and_replace("room_key", token[0])
                 end_token = now_token.copy_and_replace("room_key", token[1])
                 time_now = self.clock.time_msec()
@@ -336,15 +401,20 @@ class MessageHandler(BaseHandler):
             except:
                 logger.exception("Failed to get snapshot")
 
-        yield defer.gatherResults(
-            [handle_room(e) for e in room_list],
-            consumeErrors=True
-        ).addErrback(unwrapFirstError)
+        # Only do N rooms at once
+        n = 5
+        d_list = [handle_room(e) for e in room_list]
+        for i in range(0, len(d_list), n):
+            yield defer.gatherResults(
+                d_list[i:i + n],
+                consumeErrors=True
+            ).addErrback(unwrapFirstError)
 
         ret = {
             "rooms": rooms_ret,
             "presence": presence,
-            "end": now_token.to_string()
+            "receipts": receipt,
+            "end": now_token.to_string(),
         }
 
         defer.returnValue(ret)
@@ -390,24 +460,21 @@ class MessageHandler(BaseHandler):
 
         @defer.inlineCallbacks
         def get_presence():
-            presence_defs = yield defer.DeferredList(
-                [
-                    presence_handler.get_state(
-                        target_user=UserID.from_string(m.user_id),
-                        auth_user=auth_user,
-                        as_event=True,
-                        check_auth=False,
-                    )
-                    for m in room_members
-                ],
-                consumeErrors=True,
+            states = yield presence_handler.get_states(
+                target_users=[UserID.from_string(m.user_id) for m in room_members],
+                auth_user=auth_user,
+                as_event=True,
+                check_auth=False,
             )
 
-            defer.returnValue([p for success, p in presence_defs if success])
+            defer.returnValue(states.values())
 
-        presence, (messages, token) = yield defer.gatherResults(
+        receipts_handler = self.hs.get_handlers().receipts_handler
+
+        presence, receipts, (messages, token) = yield defer.gatherResults(
             [
                 get_presence(),
+                receipts_handler.get_receipts_for_room(room_id, now_token.receipt_key),
                 self.store.get_recent_events_for_room(
                     room_id,
                     limit=limit,
@@ -417,6 +484,10 @@ class MessageHandler(BaseHandler):
             consumeErrors=True,
         ).addErrback(unwrapFirstError)
 
+        messages = yield self._filter_events_for_client(
+            user_id, room_id, messages
+        )
+
         start_token = now_token.copy_and_replace("room_key", token[0])
         end_token = now_token.copy_and_replace("room_key", token[1])
 
@@ -431,5 +502,6 @@ class MessageHandler(BaseHandler):
                 "end": end_token.to_string(),
             },
             "state": state,
-            "presence": presence
+            "presence": presence,
+            "receipts": receipts,
         })
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/presence.py b/synapse/handlers/presence.py
index 7c03198313..e91e81831e 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/presence.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/presence.py
@@ -192,6 +192,20 @@ class PresenceHandler(BaseHandler):
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_state(self, target_user, auth_user, as_event=False, check_auth=True):
+        """Get the current presence state of the given user.
+
+        Args:
+            target_user (UserID): The user whose presence we want
+            auth_user (UserID): The user requesting the presence, used for
+                checking if said user is allowed to see the persence of the
+                `target_user`
+            as_event (bool): Format the return as an event or not?
+            check_auth (bool): Perform the auth checks or not?
+
+        Returns:
+            dict: The presence state of the `target_user`, whose format depends
+            on the `as_event` argument.
+        """
         if self.hs.is_mine(target_user):
             if check_auth:
                 visible = yield self.is_presence_visible(
@@ -233,6 +247,81 @@ class PresenceHandler(BaseHandler):
             defer.returnValue(state)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def get_states(self, target_users, auth_user, as_event=False, check_auth=True):
+        """A batched version of the `get_state` method that accepts a list of
+        `target_users`
+
+        Args:
+            target_users (list): The list of UserID's whose presence we want
+            auth_user (UserID): The user requesting the presence, used for
+                checking if said user is allowed to see the persence of the
+                `target_users`
+            as_event (bool): Format the return as an event or not?
+            check_auth (bool): Perform the auth checks or not?
+
+        Returns:
+            dict: A mapping from user -> presence_state
+        """
+        local_users, remote_users = partitionbool(
+            target_users,
+            lambda u: self.hs.is_mine(u)
+        )
+
+        if check_auth:
+            for user in local_users:
+                visible = yield self.is_presence_visible(
+                    observer_user=auth_user,
+                    observed_user=user
+                )
+
+                if not visible:
+                    raise SynapseError(404, "Presence information not visible")
+
+        results = {}
+        if local_users:
+            for user in local_users:
+                if user in self._user_cachemap:
+                    results[user] = self._user_cachemap[user].get_state()
+
+            local_to_user = {u.localpart: u for u in local_users}
+
+            states = yield self.store.get_presence_states(
+                [u.localpart for u in local_users if u not in results]
+            )
+
+            for local_part, state in states.items():
+                if state is None:
+                    continue
+                res = {"presence": state["state"]}
+                if "status_msg" in state and state["status_msg"]:
+                    res["status_msg"] = state["status_msg"]
+                results[local_to_user[local_part]] = res
+
+        for user in remote_users:
+            # TODO(paul): Have remote server send us permissions set
+            results[user] = self._get_or_offline_usercache(user).get_state()
+
+        for state in results.values():
+            if "last_active" in state:
+                state["last_active_ago"] = int(
+                    self.clock.time_msec() - state.pop("last_active")
+                )
+
+        if as_event:
+            for user, state in results.items():
+                content = state
+                content["user_id"] = user.to_string()
+
+                if "last_active" in content:
+                    content["last_active_ago"] = int(
+                        self._clock.time_msec() - content.pop("last_active")
+                    )
+
+                results[user] = {"type": "m.presence", "content": content}
+
+        defer.returnValue(results)
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
     @log_function
     def set_state(self, target_user, auth_user, state):
         # return
@@ -992,7 +1081,7 @@ class PresenceHandler(BaseHandler):
             room_ids([str]): List of room_ids to notify.
         """
         with PreserveLoggingContext():
-            self.notifier.on_new_user_event(
+            self.notifier.on_new_event(
                 "presence_key",
                 self._user_cachemap_latest_serial,
                 users_to_push,
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/receipts.py b/synapse/handlers/receipts.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..86c911c4bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/handlers/receipts.py
@@ -0,0 +1,210 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# Copyright 2015 OpenMarket Ltd
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+from ._base import BaseHandler
+
+from twisted.internet import defer
+
+from synapse.util.logcontext import PreserveLoggingContext
+
+import logging
+
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class ReceiptsHandler(BaseHandler):
+    def __init__(self, hs):
+        super(ReceiptsHandler, self).__init__(hs)
+
+        self.hs = hs
+        self.federation = hs.get_replication_layer()
+        self.federation.register_edu_handler(
+            "m.receipt", self._received_remote_receipt
+        )
+        self.clock = self.hs.get_clock()
+
+        self._receipt_cache = None
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def received_client_receipt(self, room_id, receipt_type, user_id,
+                                event_id):
+        """Called when a client tells us a local user has read up to the given
+        event_id in the room.
+        """
+        receipt = {
+            "room_id": room_id,
+            "receipt_type": receipt_type,
+            "user_id": user_id,
+            "event_ids": [event_id],
+            "data": {
+                "ts": int(self.clock.time_msec()),
+            }
+        }
+
+        is_new = yield self._handle_new_receipts([receipt])
+
+        if is_new:
+            self._push_remotes([receipt])
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def _received_remote_receipt(self, origin, content):
+        """Called when we receive an EDU of type m.receipt from a remote HS.
+        """
+        receipts = [
+            {
+                "room_id": room_id,
+                "receipt_type": receipt_type,
+                "user_id": user_id,
+                "event_ids": user_values["event_ids"],
+                "data": user_values.get("data", {}),
+            }
+            for room_id, room_values in content.items()
+            for receipt_type, users in room_values.items()
+            for user_id, user_values in users.items()
+        ]
+
+        yield self._handle_new_receipts(receipts)
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def _handle_new_receipts(self, receipts):
+        """Takes a list of receipts, stores them and informs the notifier.
+        """
+        for receipt in receipts:
+            room_id = receipt["room_id"]
+            receipt_type = receipt["receipt_type"]
+            user_id = receipt["user_id"]
+            event_ids = receipt["event_ids"]
+            data = receipt["data"]
+
+            res = yield self.store.insert_receipt(
+                room_id, receipt_type, user_id, event_ids, data
+            )
+
+            if not res:
+                # res will be None if this read receipt is 'old'
+                defer.returnValue(False)
+
+            stream_id, max_persisted_id = res
+
+            with PreserveLoggingContext():
+                self.notifier.on_new_event(
+                    "receipt_key", max_persisted_id, rooms=[room_id]
+                )
+
+            defer.returnValue(True)
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def _push_remotes(self, receipts):
+        """Given a list of receipts, works out which remote servers should be
+        poked and pokes them.
+        """
+        # TODO: Some of this stuff should be coallesced.
+        for receipt in receipts:
+            room_id = receipt["room_id"]
+            receipt_type = receipt["receipt_type"]
+            user_id = receipt["user_id"]
+            event_ids = receipt["event_ids"]
+            data = receipt["data"]
+
+            remotedomains = set()
+
+            rm_handler = self.hs.get_handlers().room_member_handler
+            yield rm_handler.fetch_room_distributions_into(
+                room_id, localusers=None, remotedomains=remotedomains
+            )
+
+            logger.debug("Sending receipt to: %r", remotedomains)
+
+            for domain in remotedomains:
+                self.federation.send_edu(
+                    destination=domain,
+                    edu_type="m.receipt",
+                    content={
+                        room_id: {
+                            receipt_type: {
+                                user_id: {
+                                    "event_ids": event_ids,
+                                    "data": data,
+                                }
+                            }
+                        },
+                    },
+                )
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def get_receipts_for_room(self, room_id, to_key):
+        """Gets all receipts for a room, upto the given key.
+        """
+        result = yield self.store.get_linearized_receipts_for_room(
+            room_id,
+            to_key=to_key,
+        )
+
+        if not result:
+            defer.returnValue([])
+
+        event = {
+            "type": "m.receipt",
+            "room_id": room_id,
+            "content": result,
+        }
+
+        defer.returnValue([event])
+
+
+class ReceiptEventSource(object):
+    def __init__(self, hs):
+        self.store = hs.get_datastore()
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def get_new_events_for_user(self, user, from_key, limit):
+        from_key = int(from_key)
+        to_key = yield self.get_current_key()
+
+        if from_key == to_key:
+            defer.returnValue(([], to_key))
+
+        rooms = yield self.store.get_rooms_for_user(user.to_string())
+        rooms = [room.room_id for room in rooms]
+        events = yield self.store.get_linearized_receipts_for_rooms(
+            rooms,
+            from_key=from_key,
+            to_key=to_key,
+        )
+
+        defer.returnValue((events, to_key))
+
+    def get_current_key(self, direction='f'):
+        return self.store.get_max_receipt_stream_id()
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def get_pagination_rows(self, user, config, key):
+        to_key = int(config.from_key)
+
+        if config.to_key:
+            from_key = int(config.to_key)
+        else:
+            from_key = None
+
+        rooms = yield self.store.get_rooms_for_user(user.to_string())
+        rooms = [room.room_id for room in rooms]
+        events = yield self.store.get_linearized_receipts_for_rooms(
+            rooms,
+            from_key=from_key,
+            to_key=to_key,
+        )
+
+        defer.returnValue((events, to_key))
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/register.py b/synapse/handlers/register.py
index 7b68585a17..86390a3671 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/register.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/register.py
@@ -57,8 +57,8 @@ class RegistrationHandler(BaseHandler):
 
         yield self.check_user_id_is_valid(user_id)
 
-        u = yield self.store.get_user_by_id(user_id)
-        if u:
+        users = yield self.store.get_users_by_id_case_insensitive(user_id)
+        if users:
             raise SynapseError(
                 400,
                 "User ID already taken.",
@@ -73,7 +73,8 @@ class RegistrationHandler(BaseHandler):
             localpart : The local part of the user ID to register. If None,
               one will be randomly generated.
             password (str) : The password to assign to this user so they can
-            login again.
+            login again. This can be None which means they cannot login again
+            via a password (e.g. the user is an application service user).
         Returns:
             A tuple of (user_id, access_token).
         Raises:
@@ -90,7 +91,7 @@ class RegistrationHandler(BaseHandler):
             user = UserID(localpart, self.hs.hostname)
             user_id = user.to_string()
 
-            token = self._generate_token(user_id)
+            token = self.generate_token(user_id)
             yield self.store.register(
                 user_id=user_id,
                 token=token,
@@ -110,7 +111,7 @@ class RegistrationHandler(BaseHandler):
                     user_id = user.to_string()
                     yield self.check_user_id_is_valid(user_id)
 
-                    token = self._generate_token(user_id)
+                    token = self.generate_token(user_id)
                     yield self.store.register(
                         user_id=user_id,
                         token=token,
@@ -160,7 +161,7 @@ class RegistrationHandler(BaseHandler):
                 400, "Invalid user localpart for this application service.",
                 errcode=Codes.EXCLUSIVE
             )
-        token = self._generate_token(user_id)
+        token = self.generate_token(user_id)
         yield self.store.register(
             user_id=user_id,
             token=token,
@@ -193,6 +194,35 @@ class RegistrationHandler(BaseHandler):
             logger.info("Valid captcha entered from %s", ip)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def register_saml2(self, localpart):
+        """
+        Registers email_id as SAML2 Based Auth.
+        """
+        if urllib.quote(localpart) != localpart:
+            raise SynapseError(
+                400,
+                "User ID must only contain characters which do not"
+                " require URL encoding."
+                )
+        user = UserID(localpart, self.hs.hostname)
+        user_id = user.to_string()
+
+        yield self.check_user_id_is_valid(user_id)
+        token = self.generate_token(user_id)
+        try:
+            yield self.store.register(
+                user_id=user_id,
+                token=token,
+                password_hash=None
+            )
+            yield self.distributor.fire("registered_user", user)
+        except Exception, e:
+            yield self.store.add_access_token_to_user(user_id, token)
+            # Ignore Registration errors
+            logger.exception(e)
+        defer.returnValue((user_id, token))
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def register_email(self, threepidCreds):
         """
         Registers emails with an identity server.
@@ -243,7 +273,7 @@ class RegistrationHandler(BaseHandler):
                     errcode=Codes.EXCLUSIVE
                 )
 
-    def _generate_token(self, user_id):
+    def generate_token(self, user_id):
         # urlsafe variant uses _ and - so use . as the separator and replace
         # all =s with .s so http clients don't quote =s when it is used as
         # query params.
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/room.py b/synapse/handlers/room.py
index 4bd027d9bb..c5d1001b50 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/room.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/room.py
@@ -19,12 +19,15 @@ from twisted.internet import defer
 from ._base import BaseHandler
 
 from synapse.types import UserID, RoomAlias, RoomID
-from synapse.api.constants import EventTypes, Membership, JoinRules
+from synapse.api.constants import (
+    EventTypes, Membership, JoinRules, RoomCreationPreset,
+)
 from synapse.api.errors import StoreError, SynapseError
 from synapse.util import stringutils, unwrapFirstError
 from synapse.util.async import run_on_reactor
 from synapse.events.utils import serialize_event
 
+from collections import OrderedDict
 import logging
 import string
 
@@ -33,6 +36,19 @@ logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 class RoomCreationHandler(BaseHandler):
 
+    PRESETS_DICT = {
+        RoomCreationPreset.PRIVATE_CHAT: {
+            "join_rules": JoinRules.INVITE,
+            "history_visibility": "invited",
+            "original_invitees_have_ops": False,
+        },
+        RoomCreationPreset.PUBLIC_CHAT: {
+            "join_rules": JoinRules.PUBLIC,
+            "history_visibility": "shared",
+            "original_invitees_have_ops": False,
+        },
+    }
+
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def create_room(self, user_id, room_id, config):
         """ Creates a new room.
@@ -121,9 +137,25 @@ class RoomCreationHandler(BaseHandler):
                 servers=[self.hs.hostname],
             )
 
+        preset_config = config.get(
+            "preset",
+            RoomCreationPreset.PUBLIC_CHAT
+            if is_public
+            else RoomCreationPreset.PRIVATE_CHAT
+        )
+
+        raw_initial_state = config.get("initial_state", [])
+
+        initial_state = OrderedDict()
+        for val in raw_initial_state:
+            initial_state[(val["type"], val.get("state_key", ""))] = val["content"]
+
         user = UserID.from_string(user_id)
         creation_events = self._create_events_for_new_room(
-            user, room_id, is_public=is_public
+            user, room_id,
+            preset_config=preset_config,
+            invite_list=invite_list,
+            initial_state=initial_state,
         )
 
         msg_handler = self.hs.get_handlers().message_handler
@@ -170,7 +202,10 @@ class RoomCreationHandler(BaseHandler):
 
         defer.returnValue(result)
 
-    def _create_events_for_new_room(self, creator, room_id, is_public=False):
+    def _create_events_for_new_room(self, creator, room_id, preset_config,
+                                    invite_list, initial_state):
+        config = RoomCreationHandler.PRESETS_DICT[preset_config]
+
         creator_id = creator.to_string()
 
         event_keys = {
@@ -203,16 +238,20 @@ class RoomCreationHandler(BaseHandler):
             },
         )
 
-        power_levels_event = create(
-            etype=EventTypes.PowerLevels,
-            content={
+        returned_events = [creation_event, join_event]
+
+        if (EventTypes.PowerLevels, '') not in initial_state:
+            power_level_content = {
                 "users": {
                     creator.to_string(): 100,
                 },
                 "users_default": 0,
                 "events": {
-                    EventTypes.Name: 100,
+                    EventTypes.Name: 50,
                     EventTypes.PowerLevels: 100,
+                    EventTypes.RoomHistoryVisibility: 100,
+                    EventTypes.CanonicalAlias: 50,
+                    EventTypes.RoomAvatar: 50,
                 },
                 "events_default": 0,
                 "state_default": 50,
@@ -220,21 +259,43 @@ class RoomCreationHandler(BaseHandler):
                 "kick": 50,
                 "redact": 50,
                 "invite": 0,
-            },
-        )
+            }
 
-        join_rule = JoinRules.PUBLIC if is_public else JoinRules.INVITE
-        join_rules_event = create(
-            etype=EventTypes.JoinRules,
-            content={"join_rule": join_rule},
-        )
+            if config["original_invitees_have_ops"]:
+                for invitee in invite_list:
+                    power_level_content["users"][invitee] = 100
 
-        return [
-            creation_event,
-            join_event,
-            power_levels_event,
-            join_rules_event,
-        ]
+            power_levels_event = create(
+                etype=EventTypes.PowerLevels,
+                content=power_level_content,
+            )
+
+            returned_events.append(power_levels_event)
+
+        if (EventTypes.JoinRules, '') not in initial_state:
+            join_rules_event = create(
+                etype=EventTypes.JoinRules,
+                content={"join_rule": config["join_rules"]},
+            )
+
+            returned_events.append(join_rules_event)
+
+        if (EventTypes.RoomHistoryVisibility, '') not in initial_state:
+            history_event = create(
+                etype=EventTypes.RoomHistoryVisibility,
+                content={"history_visibility": config["history_visibility"]}
+            )
+
+            returned_events.append(history_event)
+
+        for (etype, state_key), content in initial_state.items():
+            returned_events.append(create(
+                etype=etype,
+                state_key=state_key,
+                content=content,
+            ))
+
+        return returned_events
 
 
 class RoomMemberHandler(BaseHandler):
@@ -498,15 +559,9 @@ class RoomMemberHandler(BaseHandler):
         """Returns a list of roomids that the user has any of the given
         membership states in."""
 
-        app_service = yield self.store.get_app_service_by_user_id(
-            user.to_string()
+        rooms = yield self.store.get_rooms_for_user(
+            user.to_string(),
         )
-        if app_service:
-            rooms = yield self.store.get_app_service_rooms(app_service)
-        else:
-            rooms = yield self.store.get_rooms_for_user(
-                user.to_string(),
-            )
 
         # For some reason the list of events contains duplicates
         # TODO(paul): work out why because I really don't think it should
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/sync.py b/synapse/handlers/sync.py
index bd8c603681..353a416054 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/sync.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/sync.py
@@ -96,9 +96,18 @@ class SyncHandler(BaseHandler):
                 return self.current_sync_for_user(sync_config, since_token)
 
             rm_handler = self.hs.get_handlers().room_member_handler
-            room_ids = yield rm_handler.get_joined_rooms_for_user(
-                sync_config.user
+
+            app_service = yield self.store.get_app_service_by_user_id(
+                sync_config.user.to_string()
             )
+            if app_service:
+                rooms = yield self.store.get_app_service_rooms(app_service)
+                room_ids = set(r.room_id for r in rooms)
+            else:
+                room_ids = yield rm_handler.get_joined_rooms_for_user(
+                    sync_config.user
+                )
+
             result = yield self.notifier.wait_for_events(
                 sync_config.user, room_ids,
                 sync_config.filter, timeout, current_sync_callback
@@ -229,7 +238,16 @@ class SyncHandler(BaseHandler):
         logger.debug("Typing %r", typing_by_room)
 
         rm_handler = self.hs.get_handlers().room_member_handler
-        room_ids = yield rm_handler.get_joined_rooms_for_user(sync_config.user)
+        app_service = yield self.store.get_app_service_by_user_id(
+            sync_config.user.to_string()
+        )
+        if app_service:
+            rooms = yield self.store.get_app_service_rooms(app_service)
+            room_ids = set(r.room_id for r in rooms)
+        else:
+            room_ids = yield rm_handler.get_joined_rooms_for_user(
+                sync_config.user
+            )
 
         # TODO (mjark): Does public mean "published"?
         published_rooms = yield self.store.get_rooms(is_public=True)
@@ -293,6 +311,52 @@ class SyncHandler(BaseHandler):
         ))
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def _filter_events_for_client(self, user_id, room_id, events):
+        event_id_to_state = yield self.store.get_state_for_events(
+            room_id, frozenset(e.event_id for e in events),
+            types=(
+                (EventTypes.RoomHistoryVisibility, ""),
+                (EventTypes.Member, user_id),
+            )
+        )
+
+        def allowed(event, state):
+            if event.type == EventTypes.RoomHistoryVisibility:
+                return True
+
+            membership_ev = state.get((EventTypes.Member, user_id), None)
+            if membership_ev:
+                membership = membership_ev.membership
+            else:
+                membership = Membership.LEAVE
+
+            if membership == Membership.JOIN:
+                return True
+
+            history = state.get((EventTypes.RoomHistoryVisibility, ''), None)
+            if history:
+                visibility = history.content.get("history_visibility", "shared")
+            else:
+                visibility = "shared"
+
+            if visibility == "public":
+                return True
+            elif visibility == "shared":
+                return True
+            elif visibility == "joined":
+                return membership == Membership.JOIN
+            elif visibility == "invited":
+                return membership == Membership.INVITE
+
+            return True
+
+        defer.returnValue([
+            event
+            for event in events
+            if allowed(event, event_id_to_state[event.event_id])
+        ])
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def load_filtered_recents(self, room_id, sync_config, now_token,
                               since_token=None):
         limited = True
@@ -313,6 +377,9 @@ class SyncHandler(BaseHandler):
             (room_key, _) = keys
             end_key = "s" + room_key.split('-')[-1]
             loaded_recents = sync_config.filter.filter_room_events(events)
+            loaded_recents = yield self._filter_events_for_client(
+                sync_config.user.to_string(), room_id, loaded_recents,
+            )
             loaded_recents.extend(recents)
             recents = loaded_recents
             if len(events) <= load_limit:
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/typing.py b/synapse/handlers/typing.py
index a9895292c2..d7096aab8c 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/typing.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/typing.py
@@ -204,21 +204,17 @@ class TypingNotificationHandler(BaseHandler):
             )
 
     def _push_update_local(self, room_id, user, typing):
-        if room_id not in self._room_serials:
-            self._room_serials[room_id] = 0
-            self._room_typing[room_id] = set()
-
-        room_set = self._room_typing[room_id]
+        room_set = self._room_typing.setdefault(room_id, set())
         if typing:
             room_set.add(user)
-        elif user in room_set:
-            room_set.remove(user)
+        else:
+            room_set.discard(user)
 
         self._latest_room_serial += 1
         self._room_serials[room_id] = self._latest_room_serial
 
         with PreserveLoggingContext():
-            self.notifier.on_new_user_event(
+            self.notifier.on_new_event(
                 "typing_key", self._latest_room_serial, rooms=[room_id]
             )
 
@@ -260,8 +256,8 @@ class TypingNotificationEventSource(object):
         )
 
         events = []
-        for room_id in handler._room_serials:
-            if room_id not in joined_room_ids:
+        for room_id in joined_room_ids:
+            if room_id not in handler._room_serials:
                 continue
             if handler._room_serials[room_id] <= from_key:
                 continue
diff --git a/synapse/http/matrixfederationclient.py b/synapse/http/matrixfederationclient.py
index ed47e701e7..854e17a473 100644
--- a/synapse/http/matrixfederationclient.py
+++ b/synapse/http/matrixfederationclient.py
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 
 from twisted.internet import defer, reactor, protocol
 from twisted.internet.error import DNSLookupError
-from twisted.web.client import readBody, _AgentBase, _URI, HTTPConnectionPool
+from twisted.web.client import readBody, HTTPConnectionPool, Agent
 from twisted.web.http_headers import Headers
 from twisted.web._newclient import ResponseDone
 
@@ -55,41 +55,17 @@ incoming_responses_counter = metrics.register_counter(
 )
 
 
-class MatrixFederationHttpAgent(_AgentBase):
-
-    def __init__(self, reactor, pool=None):
-        _AgentBase.__init__(self, reactor, pool)
-
-    def request(self, destination, endpoint, method, path, params, query,
-                headers, body_producer):
-
-        outgoing_requests_counter.inc(method)
-
-        host = b""
-        port = 0
-        fragment = b""
-
-        parsed_URI = _URI(b"http", destination, host, port, path, params,
-                          query, fragment)
-
-        # Set the connection pool key to be the destination.
-        key = destination
-
-        d = self._requestWithEndpoint(key, endpoint, method, parsed_URI,
-                                      headers, body_producer,
-                                      parsed_URI.originForm)
-
-        def _cb(response):
-            incoming_responses_counter.inc(method, response.code)
-            return response
-
-        def _eb(failure):
-            incoming_responses_counter.inc(method, "ERR")
-            return failure
+class MatrixFederationEndpointFactory(object):
+    def __init__(self, hs):
+        self.tls_context_factory = hs.tls_context_factory
 
-        d.addCallbacks(_cb, _eb)
+    def endpointForURI(self, uri):
+        destination = uri.netloc
 
-        return d
+        return matrix_federation_endpoint(
+            reactor, destination, timeout=10,
+            ssl_context_factory=self.tls_context_factory
+        )
 
 
 class MatrixFederationHttpClient(object):
@@ -107,12 +83,18 @@ class MatrixFederationHttpClient(object):
         self.server_name = hs.hostname
         pool = HTTPConnectionPool(reactor)
         pool.maxPersistentPerHost = 10
-        self.agent = MatrixFederationHttpAgent(reactor, pool=pool)
+        self.agent = Agent.usingEndpointFactory(
+            reactor, MatrixFederationEndpointFactory(hs), pool=pool
+        )
         self.clock = hs.get_clock()
         self.version_string = hs.version_string
-
         self._next_id = 1
 
+    def _create_url(self, destination, path_bytes, param_bytes, query_bytes):
+        return urlparse.urlunparse(
+            ("matrix", destination, path_bytes, param_bytes, query_bytes, "")
+        )
+
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _create_request(self, destination, method, path_bytes,
                         body_callback, headers_dict={}, param_bytes=b"",
@@ -123,8 +105,8 @@ class MatrixFederationHttpClient(object):
         headers_dict[b"User-Agent"] = [self.version_string]
         headers_dict[b"Host"] = [destination]
 
-        url_bytes = urlparse.urlunparse(
-            ("", "", path_bytes, param_bytes, query_bytes, "",)
+        url_bytes = self._create_url(
+            destination, path_bytes, param_bytes, query_bytes
         )
 
         txn_id = "%s-O-%s" % (method, self._next_id)
@@ -139,8 +121,8 @@ class MatrixFederationHttpClient(object):
         # (once we have reliable transactions in place)
         retries_left = 5
 
-        endpoint = preserve_context_over_fn(
-            self._getEndpoint, reactor, destination
+        http_url_bytes = urlparse.urlunparse(
+            ("", "", path_bytes, param_bytes, query_bytes, "")
         )
 
         log_result = None
@@ -148,17 +130,14 @@ class MatrixFederationHttpClient(object):
             while True:
                 producer = None
                 if body_callback:
-                    producer = body_callback(method, url_bytes, headers_dict)
+                    producer = body_callback(method, http_url_bytes, headers_dict)
 
                 try:
                     def send_request():
-                        request_deferred = self.agent.request(
-                            destination,
-                            endpoint,
+                        request_deferred = preserve_context_over_fn(
+                            self.agent.request,
                             method,
-                            path_bytes,
-                            param_bytes,
-                            query_bytes,
+                            url_bytes,
                             Headers(headers_dict),
                             producer
                         )
@@ -452,12 +431,6 @@ class MatrixFederationHttpClient(object):
 
         defer.returnValue((length, headers))
 
-    def _getEndpoint(self, reactor, destination):
-        return matrix_federation_endpoint(
-            reactor, destination, timeout=10,
-            ssl_context_factory=self.hs.tls_context_factory
-        )
-
 
 class _ReadBodyToFileProtocol(protocol.Protocol):
     def __init__(self, stream, deferred, max_size):
diff --git a/synapse/http/server.py b/synapse/http/server.py
index 807ff95c65..b60e905a62 100644
--- a/synapse/http/server.py
+++ b/synapse/http/server.py
@@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ class JsonResource(HttpServer, resource.Resource):
             incoming_requests_counter.inc(request.method, servlet_classname)
 
             args = [
-                urllib.unquote(u).decode("UTF-8") for u in m.groups()
+                urllib.unquote(u).decode("UTF-8") if u else u for u in m.groups()
             ]
 
             callback_return = yield callback(request, *args)
diff --git a/synapse/metrics/__init__.py b/synapse/metrics/__init__.py
index 9233ea3da9..d7bcad8a8a 100644
--- a/synapse/metrics/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/metrics/__init__.py
@@ -18,8 +18,12 @@ from __future__ import absolute_import
 
 import logging
 from resource import getrusage, getpagesize, RUSAGE_SELF
+import functools
 import os
 import stat
+import time
+
+from twisted.internet import reactor
 
 from .metric import (
     CounterMetric, CallbackMetric, DistributionMetric, CacheMetric
@@ -144,3 +148,50 @@ def _process_fds():
     return counts
 
 get_metrics_for("process").register_callback("fds", _process_fds, labels=["type"])
+
+reactor_metrics = get_metrics_for("reactor")
+tick_time = reactor_metrics.register_distribution("tick_time")
+pending_calls_metric = reactor_metrics.register_distribution("pending_calls")
+
+
+def runUntilCurrentTimer(func):
+
+    @functools.wraps(func)
+    def f(*args, **kwargs):
+        now = reactor.seconds()
+        num_pending = 0
+
+        # _newTimedCalls is one long list of *all* pending calls. Below loop
+        # is based off of impl of reactor.runUntilCurrent
+        for delayed_call in reactor._newTimedCalls:
+            if delayed_call.time > now:
+                break
+
+            if delayed_call.delayed_time > 0:
+                continue
+
+            num_pending += 1
+
+        num_pending += len(reactor.threadCallQueue)
+
+        start = time.time() * 1000
+        ret = func(*args, **kwargs)
+        end = time.time() * 1000
+        tick_time.inc_by(end - start)
+        pending_calls_metric.inc_by(num_pending)
+        return ret
+
+    return f
+
+
+try:
+    # Ensure the reactor has all the attributes we expect
+    reactor.runUntilCurrent
+    reactor._newTimedCalls
+    reactor.threadCallQueue
+
+    # runUntilCurrent is called when we have pending calls. It is called once
+    # per iteratation after fd polling.
+    reactor.runUntilCurrent = runUntilCurrentTimer(reactor.runUntilCurrent)
+except AttributeError:
+    pass
diff --git a/synapse/notifier.py b/synapse/notifier.py
index bdd03dcbe8..f998fc83bf 100644
--- a/synapse/notifier.py
+++ b/synapse/notifier.py
@@ -221,16 +221,7 @@ class Notifier(object):
             event
         )
 
-        room_id = event.room_id
-
-        room_user_streams = self.room_to_user_streams.get(room_id, set())
-
-        user_streams = room_user_streams.copy()
-
-        for user in extra_users:
-            user_stream = self.user_to_user_stream.get(str(user))
-            if user_stream is not None:
-                user_streams.add(user_stream)
+        app_streams = set()
 
         for appservice in self.appservice_to_user_streams:
             # TODO (kegan): Redundant appservice listener checks?
@@ -242,24 +233,20 @@ class Notifier(object):
                 app_user_streams = self.appservice_to_user_streams.get(
                     appservice, set()
                 )
-                user_streams |= app_user_streams
+                app_streams |= app_user_streams
 
-        logger.debug("on_new_room_event listeners %s", user_streams)
-
-        time_now_ms = self.clock.time_msec()
-        for user_stream in user_streams:
-            try:
-                user_stream.notify(
-                    "room_key", "s%d" % (room_stream_id,), time_now_ms
-                )
-            except:
-                logger.exception("Failed to notify listener")
+        self.on_new_event(
+            "room_key", room_stream_id,
+            users=extra_users,
+            rooms=[event.room_id],
+            extra_streams=app_streams,
+        )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     @log_function
-    def on_new_user_event(self, stream_key, new_token, users=[], rooms=[]):
-        """ Used to inform listeners that something has happend
-        presence/user event wise.
+    def on_new_event(self, stream_key, new_token, users=[], rooms=[],
+                     extra_streams=set()):
+        """ Used to inform listeners that something has happend event wise.
 
         Will wake up all listeners for the given users and rooms.
         """
@@ -283,7 +270,7 @@ class Notifier(object):
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def wait_for_events(self, user, rooms, timeout, callback,
-                        from_token=StreamToken("s0", "0", "0")):
+                        from_token=StreamToken("s0", "0", "0", "0")):
         """Wait until the callback returns a non empty response or the
         timeout fires.
         """
@@ -341,10 +328,13 @@ class Notifier(object):
         defer.returnValue(result)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def get_events_for(self, user, rooms, pagination_config, timeout):
+    def get_events_for(self, user, rooms, pagination_config, timeout,
+                       only_room_events=False):
         """ For the given user and rooms, return any new events for them. If
         there are no new events wait for up to `timeout` milliseconds for any
         new events to happen before returning.
+
+        If `only_room_events` is `True` only room events will be returned.
         """
         from_token = pagination_config.from_token
         if not from_token:
@@ -365,10 +355,12 @@ class Notifier(object):
                 after_id = getattr(after_token, keyname)
                 if before_id == after_id:
                     continue
-                stuff, new_key = yield source.get_new_events_for_user(
+                if only_room_events and name != "room":
+                    continue
+                new_events, new_key = yield source.get_new_events_for_user(
                     user, getattr(from_token, keyname), limit,
                 )
-                events.extend(stuff)
+                events.extend(new_events)
                 end_token = end_token.copy_and_replace(keyname, new_key)
 
             if events:
diff --git a/synapse/push/__init__.py b/synapse/push/__init__.py
index 36f450c31d..f1952b5a0f 100644
--- a/synapse/push/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/push/__init__.py
@@ -249,7 +249,9 @@ class Pusher(object):
             # we fail to dispatch the push)
             config = PaginationConfig(from_token=None, limit='1')
             chunk = yield self.evStreamHandler.get_stream(
-                self.user_name, config, timeout=0)
+                self.user_name, config, timeout=0, affect_presence=False,
+                only_room_events=True
+            )
             self.last_token = chunk['end']
             self.store.update_pusher_last_token(
                 self.app_id, self.pushkey, self.user_name, self.last_token
@@ -280,8 +282,8 @@ class Pusher(object):
         config = PaginationConfig(from_token=from_tok, limit='1')
         timeout = (300 + random.randint(-60, 60)) * 1000
         chunk = yield self.evStreamHandler.get_stream(
-            self.user_name, config,
-            timeout=timeout, affect_presence=False
+            self.user_name, config, timeout=timeout, affect_presence=False,
+            only_room_events=True
         )
 
         # limiting to 1 may get 1 event plus 1 presence event, so
@@ -294,6 +296,12 @@ class Pusher(object):
         if not single_event:
             self.last_token = chunk['end']
             logger.debug("Event stream timeout for pushkey %s", self.pushkey)
+            yield self.store.update_pusher_last_token(
+                self.app_id,
+                self.pushkey,
+                self.user_name,
+                self.last_token
+            )
             return
 
         if not self.alive:
@@ -345,7 +353,7 @@ class Pusher(object):
         if processed:
             self.backoff_delay = Pusher.INITIAL_BACKOFF
             self.last_token = chunk['end']
-            self.store.update_pusher_last_token_and_success(
+            yield self.store.update_pusher_last_token_and_success(
                 self.app_id,
                 self.pushkey,
                 self.user_name,
@@ -354,7 +362,7 @@ class Pusher(object):
             )
             if self.failing_since:
                 self.failing_since = None
-                self.store.update_pusher_failing_since(
+                yield self.store.update_pusher_failing_since(
                     self.app_id,
                     self.pushkey,
                     self.user_name,
@@ -362,7 +370,7 @@ class Pusher(object):
         else:
             if not self.failing_since:
                 self.failing_since = self.clock.time_msec()
-                self.store.update_pusher_failing_since(
+                yield self.store.update_pusher_failing_since(
                     self.app_id,
                     self.pushkey,
                     self.user_name,
@@ -380,7 +388,7 @@ class Pusher(object):
                             self.user_name, self.pushkey)
                 self.backoff_delay = Pusher.INITIAL_BACKOFF
                 self.last_token = chunk['end']
-                self.store.update_pusher_last_token(
+                yield self.store.update_pusher_last_token(
                     self.app_id,
                     self.pushkey,
                     self.user_name,
@@ -388,7 +396,7 @@ class Pusher(object):
                 )
 
                 self.failing_since = None
-                self.store.update_pusher_failing_since(
+                yield self.store.update_pusher_failing_since(
                     self.app_id,
                     self.pushkey,
                     self.user_name,
diff --git a/synapse/push/baserules.py b/synapse/push/baserules.py
index f3d1cf5c5f..1f015a7f2e 100644
--- a/synapse/push/baserules.py
+++ b/synapse/push/baserules.py
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ def make_base_append_underride_rules(user):
             ]
         },
         {
-            'rule_id': 'global/override/.m.rule.contains_display_name',
+            'rule_id': 'global/underride/.m.rule.contains_display_name',
             'conditions': [
                 {
                     'kind': 'contains_display_name'
diff --git a/synapse/push/pusherpool.py b/synapse/push/pusherpool.py
index 0ab2f65972..e012c565ee 100644
--- a/synapse/push/pusherpool.py
+++ b/synapse/push/pusherpool.py
@@ -94,17 +94,14 @@ class PusherPool:
                 self.remove_pusher(p['app_id'], p['pushkey'], p['user_name'])
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def remove_pushers_by_user_access_token(self, user_id, not_access_token_id):
+    def remove_pushers_by_user(self, user_id):
         all = yield self.store.get_all_pushers()
         logger.info(
-            "Removing all pushers for user %s except access token %s",
-            user_id, not_access_token_id
+            "Removing all pushers for user %s",
+            user_id,
         )
         for p in all:
-            if (
-                p['user_name'] == user_id and
-                p['access_token'] != not_access_token_id
-            ):
+            if p['user_name'] == user_id:
                 logger.info(
                     "Removing pusher for app id %s, pushkey %s, user %s",
                     p['app_id'], p['pushkey'], p['user_name']
diff --git a/synapse/python_dependencies.py b/synapse/python_dependencies.py
index f9e59dd917..d7e3a686fa 100644
--- a/synapse/python_dependencies.py
+++ b/synapse/python_dependencies.py
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 REQUIREMENTS = {
     "syutil>=0.0.7": ["syutil>=0.0.7"],
-    "Twisted==14.0.2": ["twisted==14.0.2"],
+    "Twisted>=15.1.0": ["twisted>=15.1.0"],
     "service_identity>=1.0.0": ["service_identity>=1.0.0"],
     "pyopenssl>=0.14": ["OpenSSL>=0.14"],
     "pyyaml": ["yaml"],
@@ -31,6 +31,8 @@ REQUIREMENTS = {
     "pillow": ["PIL"],
     "pydenticon": ["pydenticon"],
     "ujson": ["ujson"],
+    "blist": ["blist"],
+    "pysaml2": ["saml2"],
 }
 CONDITIONAL_REQUIREMENTS = {
     "web_client": {
@@ -41,8 +43,8 @@ CONDITIONAL_REQUIREMENTS = {
 
 def requirements(config=None, include_conditional=False):
     reqs = REQUIREMENTS.copy()
-    for key, req in CONDITIONAL_REQUIREMENTS.items():
-        if (config and getattr(config, key)) or include_conditional:
+    if include_conditional:
+        for _, req in CONDITIONAL_REQUIREMENTS.items():
             reqs.update(req)
     return reqs
 
@@ -50,18 +52,18 @@ def requirements(config=None, include_conditional=False):
 def github_link(project, version, egg):
     return "https://github.com/%s/tarball/%s/#egg=%s" % (project, version, egg)
 
-DEPENDENCY_LINKS = [
-    github_link(
+DEPENDENCY_LINKS = {
+    "syutil": github_link(
         project="matrix-org/syutil",
         version="v0.0.7",
         egg="syutil-0.0.7",
     ),
-    github_link(
+    "matrix-angular-sdk": github_link(
         project="matrix-org/matrix-angular-sdk",
         version="v0.6.6",
         egg="matrix_angular_sdk-0.6.6",
     ),
-]
+}
 
 
 class MissingRequirementError(Exception):
@@ -129,7 +131,7 @@ def check_requirements(config=None):
 def list_requirements():
     result = []
     linked = []
-    for link in DEPENDENCY_LINKS:
+    for link in DEPENDENCY_LINKS.values():
         egg = link.split("#egg=")[1]
         linked.append(egg.split('-')[0])
         result.append(link)
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v1/login.py b/synapse/rest/client/v1/login.py
index b2257b749d..2444f27366 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v1/login.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v1/login.py
@@ -20,14 +20,32 @@ from synapse.types import UserID
 from base import ClientV1RestServlet, client_path_pattern
 
 import simplejson as json
+import urllib
+
+import logging
+from saml2 import BINDING_HTTP_POST
+from saml2 import config
+from saml2.client import Saml2Client
+
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
 class LoginRestServlet(ClientV1RestServlet):
     PATTERN = client_path_pattern("/login$")
     PASS_TYPE = "m.login.password"
+    SAML2_TYPE = "m.login.saml2"
+
+    def __init__(self, hs):
+        super(LoginRestServlet, self).__init__(hs)
+        self.idp_redirect_url = hs.config.saml2_idp_redirect_url
+        self.saml2_enabled = hs.config.saml2_enabled
 
     def on_GET(self, request):
-        return (200, {"flows": [{"type": LoginRestServlet.PASS_TYPE}]})
+        flows = [{"type": LoginRestServlet.PASS_TYPE}]
+        if self.saml2_enabled:
+            flows.append({"type": LoginRestServlet.SAML2_TYPE})
+        return (200, {"flows": flows})
 
     def on_OPTIONS(self, request):
         return (200, {})
@@ -39,6 +57,16 @@ class LoginRestServlet(ClientV1RestServlet):
             if login_submission["type"] == LoginRestServlet.PASS_TYPE:
                 result = yield self.do_password_login(login_submission)
                 defer.returnValue(result)
+            elif self.saml2_enabled and (login_submission["type"] ==
+                                         LoginRestServlet.SAML2_TYPE):
+                relay_state = ""
+                if "relay_state" in login_submission:
+                    relay_state = "&RelayState="+urllib.quote(
+                                  login_submission["relay_state"])
+                result = {
+                    "uri": "%s%s" % (self.idp_redirect_url, relay_state)
+                }
+                defer.returnValue((200, result))
             else:
                 raise SynapseError(400, "Bad login type.")
         except KeyError:
@@ -46,17 +74,24 @@ class LoginRestServlet(ClientV1RestServlet):
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def do_password_login(self, login_submission):
-        if not login_submission["user"].startswith('@'):
-            login_submission["user"] = UserID.create(
-                login_submission["user"], self.hs.hostname).to_string()
+        if 'medium' in login_submission and 'address' in login_submission:
+            user_id = yield self.hs.get_datastore().get_user_id_by_threepid(
+                login_submission['medium'], login_submission['address']
+            )
+        else:
+            user_id = login_submission['user']
+
+        if not user_id.startswith('@'):
+            user_id = UserID.create(
+                user_id, self.hs.hostname
+            ).to_string()
 
-        handler = self.handlers.login_handler
-        token = yield handler.login(
-            user=login_submission["user"],
+        user_id, token = yield self.handlers.auth_handler.login_with_password(
+            user_id=user_id,
             password=login_submission["password"])
 
         result = {
-            "user_id": login_submission["user"],  # may have changed
+            "user_id": user_id,  # may have changed
             "access_token": token,
             "home_server": self.hs.hostname,
         }
@@ -94,6 +129,49 @@ class PasswordResetRestServlet(ClientV1RestServlet):
             )
 
 
+class SAML2RestServlet(ClientV1RestServlet):
+    PATTERN = client_path_pattern("/login/saml2")
+
+    def __init__(self, hs):
+        super(SAML2RestServlet, self).__init__(hs)
+        self.sp_config = hs.config.saml2_config_path
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def on_POST(self, request):
+        saml2_auth = None
+        try:
+            conf = config.SPConfig()
+            conf.load_file(self.sp_config)
+            SP = Saml2Client(conf)
+            saml2_auth = SP.parse_authn_request_response(
+                request.args['SAMLResponse'][0], BINDING_HTTP_POST)
+        except Exception, e:        # Not authenticated
+            logger.exception(e)
+        if saml2_auth and saml2_auth.status_ok() and not saml2_auth.not_signed:
+            username = saml2_auth.name_id.text
+            handler = self.handlers.registration_handler
+            (user_id, token) = yield handler.register_saml2(username)
+            # Forward to the RelayState callback along with ava
+            if 'RelayState' in request.args:
+                request.redirect(urllib.unquote(
+                                 request.args['RelayState'][0]) +
+                                 '?status=authenticated&access_token=' +
+                                 token + '&user_id=' + user_id + '&ava=' +
+                                 urllib.quote(json.dumps(saml2_auth.ava)))
+                request.finish()
+                defer.returnValue(None)
+            defer.returnValue((200, {"status": "authenticated",
+                                     "user_id": user_id, "token": token,
+                                     "ava": saml2_auth.ava}))
+        elif 'RelayState' in request.args:
+            request.redirect(urllib.unquote(
+                             request.args['RelayState'][0]) +
+                             '?status=not_authenticated')
+            request.finish()
+            defer.returnValue(None)
+        defer.returnValue((200, {"status": "not_authenticated"}))
+
+
 def _parse_json(request):
     try:
         content = json.loads(request.content.read())
@@ -106,4 +184,6 @@ def _parse_json(request):
 
 def register_servlets(hs, http_server):
     LoginRestServlet(hs).register(http_server)
+    if hs.config.saml2_enabled:
+        SAML2RestServlet(hs).register(http_server)
     # TODO PasswordResetRestServlet(hs).register(http_server)
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v1/room.py b/synapse/rest/client/v1/room.py
index 0346afb1b4..b4a70cba99 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v1/room.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v1/room.py
@@ -412,6 +412,8 @@ class RoomMembershipRestServlet(ClientV1RestServlet):
             if "user_id" not in content:
                 raise SynapseError(400, "Missing user_id key.")
             state_key = content["user_id"]
+            # make sure it looks like a user ID; it'll throw if it's invalid.
+            UserID.from_string(state_key)
 
             if membership_action == "kick":
                 membership_action = "leave"
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/__init__.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/__init__.py
index 7d1aff4307..33f961e898 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/__init__.py
@@ -18,7 +18,9 @@ from . import (
     filter,
     account,
     register,
-    auth
+    auth,
+    receipts,
+    keys,
 )
 
 from synapse.http.server import JsonResource
@@ -38,3 +40,5 @@ class ClientV2AlphaRestResource(JsonResource):
         account.register_servlets(hs, client_resource)
         register.register_servlets(hs, client_resource)
         auth.register_servlets(hs, client_resource)
+        receipts.register_servlets(hs, client_resource)
+        keys.register_servlets(hs, client_resource)
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/account.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/account.py
index b082140f1f..522a312c9e 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/account.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/account.py
@@ -36,7 +36,6 @@ class PasswordRestServlet(RestServlet):
         self.hs = hs
         self.auth = hs.get_auth()
         self.auth_handler = hs.get_handlers().auth_handler
-        self.login_handler = hs.get_handlers().login_handler
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_POST(self, request):
@@ -47,7 +46,7 @@ class PasswordRestServlet(RestServlet):
         authed, result, params = yield self.auth_handler.check_auth([
             [LoginType.PASSWORD],
             [LoginType.EMAIL_IDENTITY]
-        ], body)
+        ], body, self.hs.get_ip_from_request(request))
 
         if not authed:
             defer.returnValue((401, result))
@@ -79,8 +78,8 @@ class PasswordRestServlet(RestServlet):
             raise SynapseError(400, "", Codes.MISSING_PARAM)
         new_password = params['new_password']
 
-        yield self.login_handler.set_password(
-            user_id, new_password, None
+        yield self.auth_handler.set_password(
+            user_id, new_password
         )
 
         defer.returnValue((200, {}))
@@ -95,7 +94,6 @@ class ThreepidRestServlet(RestServlet):
     def __init__(self, hs):
         super(ThreepidRestServlet, self).__init__()
         self.hs = hs
-        self.login_handler = hs.get_handlers().login_handler
         self.identity_handler = hs.get_handlers().identity_handler
         self.auth = hs.get_auth()
 
@@ -135,7 +133,7 @@ class ThreepidRestServlet(RestServlet):
                 logger.warn("Couldn't add 3pid: invalid response from ID sevrer")
                 raise SynapseError(500, "Invalid response from ID Server")
 
-        yield self.login_handler.add_threepid(
+        yield self.auth_handler.add_threepid(
             auth_user.to_string(),
             threepid['medium'],
             threepid['address'],
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/keys.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/keys.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..718928eedd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/keys.py
@@ -0,0 +1,316 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# Copyright 2015 OpenMarket Ltd
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+from twisted.internet import defer
+
+from synapse.api.errors import SynapseError
+from synapse.http.servlet import RestServlet
+from synapse.types import UserID
+from syutil.jsonutil import encode_canonical_json
+
+from ._base import client_v2_pattern
+
+import simplejson as json
+import logging
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class KeyUploadServlet(RestServlet):
+    """
+    POST /keys/upload/<device_id> HTTP/1.1
+    Content-Type: application/json
+
+    {
+      "device_keys": {
+        "user_id": "<user_id>",
+        "device_id": "<device_id>",
+        "valid_until_ts": <millisecond_timestamp>,
+        "algorithms": [
+          "m.olm.curve25519-aes-sha256",
+        ]
+        "keys": {
+          "<algorithm>:<device_id>": "<key_base64>",
+        },
+        "signatures:" {
+          "<user_id>" {
+            "<algorithm>:<device_id>": "<signature_base64>"
+      } } },
+      "one_time_keys": {
+        "<algorithm>:<key_id>": "<key_base64>"
+      },
+    }
+    """
+    PATTERN = client_v2_pattern("/keys/upload/(?P<device_id>[^/]*)")
+
+    def __init__(self, hs):
+        super(KeyUploadServlet, self).__init__()
+        self.store = hs.get_datastore()
+        self.clock = hs.get_clock()
+        self.auth = hs.get_auth()
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def on_POST(self, request, device_id):
+        auth_user, client_info = yield self.auth.get_user_by_req(request)
+        user_id = auth_user.to_string()
+        # TODO: Check that the device_id matches that in the authentication
+        # or derive the device_id from the authentication instead.
+        try:
+            body = json.loads(request.content.read())
+        except:
+            raise SynapseError(400, "Invalid key JSON")
+        time_now = self.clock.time_msec()
+
+        # TODO: Validate the JSON to make sure it has the right keys.
+        device_keys = body.get("device_keys", None)
+        if device_keys:
+            logger.info(
+                "Updating device_keys for device %r for user %r at %d",
+                device_id, auth_user, time_now
+            )
+            # TODO: Sign the JSON with the server key
+            yield self.store.set_e2e_device_keys(
+                user_id, device_id, time_now,
+                encode_canonical_json(device_keys)
+            )
+
+        one_time_keys = body.get("one_time_keys", None)
+        if one_time_keys:
+            logger.info(
+                "Adding %d one_time_keys for device %r for user %r at %d",
+                len(one_time_keys), device_id, user_id, time_now
+            )
+            key_list = []
+            for key_id, key_json in one_time_keys.items():
+                algorithm, key_id = key_id.split(":")
+                key_list.append((
+                    algorithm, key_id, encode_canonical_json(key_json)
+                ))
+
+            yield self.store.add_e2e_one_time_keys(
+                user_id, device_id, time_now, key_list
+            )
+
+        result = yield self.store.count_e2e_one_time_keys(user_id, device_id)
+        defer.returnValue((200, {"one_time_key_counts": result}))
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def on_GET(self, request, device_id):
+        auth_user, client_info = yield self.auth.get_user_by_req(request)
+        user_id = auth_user.to_string()
+
+        result = yield self.store.count_e2e_one_time_keys(user_id, device_id)
+        defer.returnValue((200, {"one_time_key_counts": result}))
+
+
+class KeyQueryServlet(RestServlet):
+    """
+    GET /keys/query/<user_id> HTTP/1.1
+
+    GET /keys/query/<user_id>/<device_id> HTTP/1.1
+
+    POST /keys/query HTTP/1.1
+    Content-Type: application/json
+    {
+      "device_keys": {
+        "<user_id>": ["<device_id>"]
+    } }
+
+    HTTP/1.1 200 OK
+    {
+      "device_keys": {
+        "<user_id>": {
+          "<device_id>": {
+            "user_id": "<user_id>", // Duplicated to be signed
+            "device_id": "<device_id>", // Duplicated to be signed
+            "valid_until_ts": <millisecond_timestamp>,
+            "algorithms": [ // List of supported algorithms
+              "m.olm.curve25519-aes-sha256",
+            ],
+            "keys": { // Must include a ed25519 signing key
+              "<algorithm>:<key_id>": "<key_base64>",
+            },
+            "signatures:" {
+              // Must be signed with device's ed25519 key
+              "<user_id>/<device_id>": {
+                "<algorithm>:<key_id>": "<signature_base64>"
+              }
+              // Must be signed by this server.
+              "<server_name>": {
+                "<algorithm>:<key_id>": "<signature_base64>"
+    } } } } } }
+    """
+
+    PATTERN = client_v2_pattern(
+        "/keys/query(?:"
+        "/(?P<user_id>[^/]*)(?:"
+        "/(?P<device_id>[^/]*)"
+        ")?"
+        ")?"
+    )
+
+    def __init__(self, hs):
+        super(KeyQueryServlet, self).__init__()
+        self.store = hs.get_datastore()
+        self.auth = hs.get_auth()
+        self.federation = hs.get_replication_layer()
+        self.is_mine = hs.is_mine
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def on_POST(self, request, user_id, device_id):
+        yield self.auth.get_user_by_req(request)
+        try:
+            body = json.loads(request.content.read())
+        except:
+            raise SynapseError(400, "Invalid key JSON")
+        result = yield self.handle_request(body)
+        defer.returnValue(result)
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def on_GET(self, request, user_id, device_id):
+        auth_user, client_info = yield self.auth.get_user_by_req(request)
+        auth_user_id = auth_user.to_string()
+        user_id = user_id if user_id else auth_user_id
+        device_ids = [device_id] if device_id else []
+        result = yield self.handle_request(
+            {"device_keys": {user_id: device_ids}}
+        )
+        defer.returnValue(result)
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def handle_request(self, body):
+        local_query = []
+        remote_queries = {}
+        for user_id, device_ids in body.get("device_keys", {}).items():
+            user = UserID.from_string(user_id)
+            if self.is_mine(user):
+                if not device_ids:
+                    local_query.append((user_id, None))
+                else:
+                    for device_id in device_ids:
+                        local_query.append((user_id, device_id))
+            else:
+                remote_queries.setdefault(user.domain, {})[user_id] = list(
+                    device_ids
+                )
+        results = yield self.store.get_e2e_device_keys(local_query)
+
+        json_result = {}
+        for user_id, device_keys in results.items():
+            for device_id, json_bytes in device_keys.items():
+                json_result.setdefault(user_id, {})[device_id] = json.loads(
+                    json_bytes
+                )
+
+        for destination, device_keys in remote_queries.items():
+            remote_result = yield self.federation.query_client_keys(
+                destination, {"device_keys": device_keys}
+            )
+            for user_id, keys in remote_result["device_keys"].items():
+                if user_id in device_keys:
+                    json_result[user_id] = keys
+        defer.returnValue((200, {"device_keys": json_result}))
+
+
+class OneTimeKeyServlet(RestServlet):
+    """
+    GET /keys/claim/<user-id>/<device-id>/<algorithm> HTTP/1.1
+
+    POST /keys/claim HTTP/1.1
+    {
+      "one_time_keys": {
+        "<user_id>": {
+          "<device_id>": "<algorithm>"
+    } } }
+
+    HTTP/1.1 200 OK
+    {
+      "one_time_keys": {
+        "<user_id>": {
+          "<device_id>": {
+            "<algorithm>:<key_id>": "<key_base64>"
+    } } } }
+
+    """
+    PATTERN = client_v2_pattern(
+        "/keys/claim(?:/?|(?:/"
+        "(?P<user_id>[^/]*)/(?P<device_id>[^/]*)/(?P<algorithm>[^/]*)"
+        ")?)"
+    )
+
+    def __init__(self, hs):
+        super(OneTimeKeyServlet, self).__init__()
+        self.store = hs.get_datastore()
+        self.auth = hs.get_auth()
+        self.clock = hs.get_clock()
+        self.federation = hs.get_replication_layer()
+        self.is_mine = hs.is_mine
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def on_GET(self, request, user_id, device_id, algorithm):
+        yield self.auth.get_user_by_req(request)
+        result = yield self.handle_request(
+            {"one_time_keys": {user_id: {device_id: algorithm}}}
+        )
+        defer.returnValue(result)
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def on_POST(self, request, user_id, device_id, algorithm):
+        yield self.auth.get_user_by_req(request)
+        try:
+            body = json.loads(request.content.read())
+        except:
+            raise SynapseError(400, "Invalid key JSON")
+        result = yield self.handle_request(body)
+        defer.returnValue(result)
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def handle_request(self, body):
+        local_query = []
+        remote_queries = {}
+        for user_id, device_keys in body.get("one_time_keys", {}).items():
+            user = UserID.from_string(user_id)
+            if self.is_mine(user):
+                for device_id, algorithm in device_keys.items():
+                    local_query.append((user_id, device_id, algorithm))
+            else:
+                remote_queries.setdefault(user.domain, {})[user_id] = (
+                    device_keys
+                )
+        results = yield self.store.claim_e2e_one_time_keys(local_query)
+
+        json_result = {}
+        for user_id, device_keys in results.items():
+            for device_id, keys in device_keys.items():
+                for key_id, json_bytes in keys.items():
+                    json_result.setdefault(user_id, {})[device_id] = {
+                        key_id: json.loads(json_bytes)
+                    }
+
+        for destination, device_keys in remote_queries.items():
+            remote_result = yield self.federation.claim_client_keys(
+                destination, {"one_time_keys": device_keys}
+            )
+            for user_id, keys in remote_result["one_time_keys"].items():
+                if user_id in device_keys:
+                    json_result[user_id] = keys
+
+        defer.returnValue((200, {"one_time_keys": json_result}))
+
+
+def register_servlets(hs, http_server):
+    KeyUploadServlet(hs).register(http_server)
+    KeyQueryServlet(hs).register(http_server)
+    OneTimeKeyServlet(hs).register(http_server)
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/receipts.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/receipts.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..40406e2ede
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/receipts.py
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# Copyright 2015 OpenMarket Ltd
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+from twisted.internet import defer
+
+from synapse.http.servlet import RestServlet
+from ._base import client_v2_pattern
+
+import logging
+
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class ReceiptRestServlet(RestServlet):
+    PATTERN = client_v2_pattern(
+        "/rooms/(?P<room_id>[^/]*)"
+        "/receipt/(?P<receipt_type>[^/]*)"
+        "/(?P<event_id>[^/]*)$"
+    )
+
+    def __init__(self, hs):
+        super(ReceiptRestServlet, self).__init__()
+        self.hs = hs
+        self.auth = hs.get_auth()
+        self.receipts_handler = hs.get_handlers().receipts_handler
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def on_POST(self, request, room_id, receipt_type, event_id):
+        user, client = yield self.auth.get_user_by_req(request)
+
+        yield self.receipts_handler.received_client_receipt(
+            room_id,
+            receipt_type,
+            user_id=user.to_string(),
+            event_id=event_id
+        )
+
+        defer.returnValue((200, {}))
+
+
+def register_servlets(hs, http_server):
+    ReceiptRestServlet(hs).register(http_server)
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/register.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/register.py
index 72dfb876c5..1ba2f29711 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/register.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/register.py
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ from synapse.api.constants import LoginType
 from synapse.api.errors import SynapseError, Codes
 from synapse.http.servlet import RestServlet
 
-from ._base import client_v2_pattern, parse_request_allow_empty
+from ._base import client_v2_pattern, parse_json_dict_from_request
 
 import logging
 import hmac
@@ -50,26 +50,64 @@ class RegisterRestServlet(RestServlet):
         self.auth_handler = hs.get_handlers().auth_handler
         self.registration_handler = hs.get_handlers().registration_handler
         self.identity_handler = hs.get_handlers().identity_handler
-        self.login_handler = hs.get_handlers().login_handler
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_POST(self, request):
         yield run_on_reactor()
 
-        body = parse_request_allow_empty(request)
-        if 'password' not in body:
-            raise SynapseError(400, "", Codes.MISSING_PARAM)
+        if '/register/email/requestToken' in request.path:
+            ret = yield self.onEmailTokenRequest(request)
+            defer.returnValue(ret)
 
+        body = parse_json_dict_from_request(request)
+
+        # we do basic sanity checks here because the auth layer will store these
+        # in sessions. Pull out the username/password provided to us.
+        desired_password = None
+        if 'password' in body:
+            if (not isinstance(body['password'], basestring) or
+                    len(body['password']) > 512):
+                raise SynapseError(400, "Invalid password")
+            desired_password = body["password"]
+
+        desired_username = None
         if 'username' in body:
+            if (not isinstance(body['username'], basestring) or
+                    len(body['username']) > 512):
+                raise SynapseError(400, "Invalid username")
             desired_username = body['username']
-            yield self.registration_handler.check_username(desired_username)
 
-        is_using_shared_secret = False
-        is_application_server = False
-
-        service = None
+        appservice = None
         if 'access_token' in request.args:
-            service = yield self.auth.get_appservice_by_req(request)
+            appservice = yield self.auth.get_appservice_by_req(request)
+
+        # fork off as soon as possible for ASes and shared secret auth which
+        # have completely different registration flows to normal users
+
+        # == Application Service Registration ==
+        if appservice:
+            result = yield self._do_appservice_registration(
+                desired_username, request.args["access_token"][0]
+            )
+            defer.returnValue((200, result))  # we throw for non 200 responses
+            return
+
+        # == Shared Secret Registration == (e.g. create new user scripts)
+        if 'mac' in body:
+            # FIXME: Should we really be determining if this is shared secret
+            # auth based purely on the 'mac' key?
+            result = yield self._do_shared_secret_registration(
+                desired_username, desired_password, body["mac"]
+            )
+            defer.returnValue((200, result))  # we throw for non 200 responses
+            return
+
+        # == Normal User Registration == (everyone else)
+        if self.hs.config.disable_registration:
+            raise SynapseError(403, "Registration has been disabled")
+
+        if desired_username is not None:
+            yield self.registration_handler.check_username(desired_username)
 
         if self.hs.config.enable_registration_captcha:
             flows = [
@@ -82,39 +120,20 @@ class RegisterRestServlet(RestServlet):
                 [LoginType.EMAIL_IDENTITY]
             ]
 
-        result = None
-        if service:
-            is_application_server = True
-            params = body
-        elif 'mac' in body:
-            # Check registration-specific shared secret auth
-            if 'username' not in body:
-                raise SynapseError(400, "", Codes.MISSING_PARAM)
-            self._check_shared_secret_auth(
-                body['username'], body['mac']
-            )
-            is_using_shared_secret = True
-            params = body
-        else:
-            authed, result, params = yield self.auth_handler.check_auth(
-                flows, body, self.hs.get_ip_from_request(request)
-            )
-
-            if not authed:
-                defer.returnValue((401, result))
-
-        can_register = (
-            not self.hs.config.disable_registration
-            or is_application_server
-            or is_using_shared_secret
+        authed, result, params = yield self.auth_handler.check_auth(
+            flows, body, self.hs.get_ip_from_request(request)
         )
-        if not can_register:
-            raise SynapseError(403, "Registration has been disabled")
 
+        if not authed:
+            defer.returnValue((401, result))
+            return
+
+        # NB: This may be from the auth handler and NOT from the POST
         if 'password' not in params:
-            raise SynapseError(400, "", Codes.MISSING_PARAM)
-        desired_username = params['username'] if 'username' in params else None
-        new_password = params['password']
+            raise SynapseError(400, "Missing password.", Codes.MISSING_PARAM)
+
+        desired_username = params.get("username", None)
+        new_password = params.get("password", None)
 
         (user_id, token) = yield self.registration_handler.register(
             localpart=desired_username,
@@ -128,7 +147,7 @@ class RegisterRestServlet(RestServlet):
                 if reqd not in threepid:
                     logger.info("Can't add incomplete 3pid")
                 else:
-                    yield self.login_handler.add_threepid(
+                    yield self.auth_handler.add_threepid(
                         user_id,
                         threepid['medium'],
                         threepid['address'],
@@ -147,18 +166,21 @@ class RegisterRestServlet(RestServlet):
             else:
                 logger.info("bind_email not specified: not binding email")
 
-        result = {
-            "user_id": user_id,
-            "access_token": token,
-            "home_server": self.hs.hostname,
-        }
-
+        result = self._create_registration_details(user_id, token)
         defer.returnValue((200, result))
 
     def on_OPTIONS(self, _):
         return 200, {}
 
-    def _check_shared_secret_auth(self, username, mac):
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def _do_appservice_registration(self, username, as_token):
+        (user_id, token) = yield self.registration_handler.appservice_register(
+            username, as_token
+        )
+        defer.returnValue(self._create_registration_details(user_id, token))
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def _do_shared_secret_registration(self, username, password, mac):
         if not self.hs.config.registration_shared_secret:
             raise SynapseError(400, "Shared secret registration is not enabled")
 
@@ -174,13 +196,46 @@ class RegisterRestServlet(RestServlet):
             digestmod=sha1,
         ).hexdigest()
 
-        if compare_digest(want_mac, got_mac):
-            return True
-        else:
+        if not compare_digest(want_mac, got_mac):
             raise SynapseError(
                 403, "HMAC incorrect",
             )
 
+        (user_id, token) = yield self.registration_handler.register(
+            localpart=username, password=password
+        )
+        defer.returnValue(self._create_registration_details(user_id, token))
+
+    def _create_registration_details(self, user_id, token):
+        return {
+            "user_id": user_id,
+            "access_token": token,
+            "home_server": self.hs.hostname,
+        }
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def onEmailTokenRequest(self, request):
+        body = parse_json_dict_from_request(request)
+
+        required = ['id_server', 'client_secret', 'email', 'send_attempt']
+        absent = []
+        for k in required:
+            if k not in body:
+                absent.append(k)
+
+        if len(absent) > 0:
+            raise SynapseError(400, "Missing params: %r" % absent, Codes.MISSING_PARAM)
+
+        existingUid = yield self.hs.get_datastore().get_user_id_by_threepid(
+            'email', body['email']
+        )
+
+        if existingUid is not None:
+            raise SynapseError(400, "Email is already in use", Codes.THREEPID_IN_USE)
+
+        ret = yield self.identity_handler.requestEmailToken(**body)
+        defer.returnValue((200, ret))
+
 
 def register_servlets(hs, http_server):
     RegisterRestServlet(hs).register(http_server)
diff --git a/synapse/rest/media/v1/base_resource.py b/synapse/rest/media/v1/base_resource.py
index 6c83a9478c..b2aeb8c909 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/media/v1/base_resource.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/media/v1/base_resource.py
@@ -27,18 +27,30 @@ from twisted.web.resource import Resource
 from twisted.protocols.basic import FileSender
 
 from synapse.util.async import ObservableDeferred
+from synapse.util.stringutils import is_ascii
 
 import os
 
+import cgi
 import logging
+import urllib
+import urlparse
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
 def parse_media_id(request):
     try:
-        server_name, media_id = request.postpath
-        return (server_name, media_id)
+        # This allows users to append e.g. /test.png to the URL. Useful for
+        # clients that parse the URL to see content type.
+        server_name, media_id = request.postpath[:2]
+        file_name = None
+        if len(request.postpath) > 2:
+            try:
+                file_name = urlparse.unquote(request.postpath[-1]).decode("utf-8")
+            except UnicodeDecodeError:
+                pass
+        return server_name, media_id, file_name
     except:
         raise SynapseError(
             404,
@@ -62,6 +74,8 @@ class BaseMediaResource(Resource):
         self.filepaths = filepaths
         self.version_string = hs.version_string
         self.downloads = {}
+        self.dynamic_thumbnails = hs.config.dynamic_thumbnails
+        self.thumbnail_requirements = hs.config.thumbnail_requirements
 
     def _respond_404(self, request):
         respond_with_json(
@@ -128,12 +142,38 @@ class BaseMediaResource(Resource):
             media_type = headers["Content-Type"][0]
             time_now_ms = self.clock.time_msec()
 
+            content_disposition = headers.get("Content-Disposition", None)
+            if content_disposition:
+                _, params = cgi.parse_header(content_disposition[0],)
+                upload_name = None
+
+                # First check if there is a valid UTF-8 filename
+                upload_name_utf8 = params.get("filename*", None)
+                if upload_name_utf8:
+                    if upload_name_utf8.lower().startswith("utf-8''"):
+                        upload_name = upload_name_utf8[7:]
+
+                # If there isn't check for an ascii name.
+                if not upload_name:
+                    upload_name_ascii = params.get("filename", None)
+                    if upload_name_ascii and is_ascii(upload_name_ascii):
+                        upload_name = upload_name_ascii
+
+                if upload_name:
+                    upload_name = urlparse.unquote(upload_name)
+                    try:
+                        upload_name = upload_name.decode("utf-8")
+                    except UnicodeDecodeError:
+                        upload_name = None
+            else:
+                upload_name = None
+
             yield self.store.store_cached_remote_media(
                 origin=server_name,
                 media_id=media_id,
                 media_type=media_type,
                 time_now_ms=self.clock.time_msec(),
-                upload_name=None,
+                upload_name=upload_name,
                 media_length=length,
                 filesystem_id=file_id,
             )
@@ -144,7 +184,7 @@ class BaseMediaResource(Resource):
         media_info = {
             "media_type": media_type,
             "media_length": length,
-            "upload_name": None,
+            "upload_name": upload_name,
             "created_ts": time_now_ms,
             "filesystem_id": file_id,
         }
@@ -157,11 +197,26 @@ class BaseMediaResource(Resource):
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _respond_with_file(self, request, media_type, file_path,
-                           file_size=None):
+                           file_size=None, upload_name=None):
         logger.debug("Responding with %r", file_path)
 
         if os.path.isfile(file_path):
             request.setHeader(b"Content-Type", media_type.encode("UTF-8"))
+            if upload_name:
+                if is_ascii(upload_name):
+                    request.setHeader(
+                        b"Content-Disposition",
+                        b"inline; filename=%s" % (
+                            urllib.quote(upload_name.encode("utf-8")),
+                        ),
+                    )
+                else:
+                    request.setHeader(
+                        b"Content-Disposition",
+                        b"inline; filename*=utf-8''%s" % (
+                            urllib.quote(upload_name.encode("utf-8")),
+                        ),
+                    )
 
             # cache for at least a day.
             # XXX: we might want to turn this off for data we don't want to
@@ -187,22 +242,74 @@ class BaseMediaResource(Resource):
             self._respond_404(request)
 
     def _get_thumbnail_requirements(self, media_type):
-        if media_type == "image/jpeg":
-            return (
-                (32, 32, "crop", "image/jpeg"),
-                (96, 96, "crop", "image/jpeg"),
-                (320, 240, "scale", "image/jpeg"),
-                (640, 480, "scale", "image/jpeg"),
-            )
-        elif (media_type == "image/png") or (media_type == "image/gif"):
-            return (
-                (32, 32, "crop", "image/png"),
-                (96, 96, "crop", "image/png"),
-                (320, 240, "scale", "image/png"),
-                (640, 480, "scale", "image/png"),
+        return self.thumbnail_requirements.get(media_type, ())
+
+    def _generate_thumbnail(self, input_path, t_path, t_width, t_height,
+                            t_method, t_type):
+        thumbnailer = Thumbnailer(input_path)
+        m_width = thumbnailer.width
+        m_height = thumbnailer.height
+
+        if m_width * m_height >= self.max_image_pixels:
+            logger.info(
+                "Image too large to thumbnail %r x %r > %r",
+                m_width, m_height, self.max_image_pixels
             )
+            return
+
+        if t_method == "crop":
+            t_len = thumbnailer.crop(t_path, t_width, t_height, t_type)
+        elif t_method == "scale":
+            t_len = thumbnailer.scale(t_path, t_width, t_height, t_type)
         else:
-            return ()
+            t_len = None
+
+        return t_len
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def _generate_local_exact_thumbnail(self, media_id, t_width, t_height,
+                                        t_method, t_type):
+        input_path = self.filepaths.local_media_filepath(media_id)
+
+        t_path = self.filepaths.local_media_thumbnail(
+            media_id, t_width, t_height, t_type, t_method
+        )
+        self._makedirs(t_path)
+
+        t_len = yield threads.deferToThread(
+            self._generate_thumbnail,
+            input_path, t_path, t_width, t_height, t_method, t_type
+        )
+
+        if t_len:
+            yield self.store.store_local_thumbnail(
+                media_id, t_width, t_height, t_type, t_method, t_len
+            )
+
+            defer.returnValue(t_path)
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def _generate_remote_exact_thumbnail(self, server_name, file_id, media_id,
+                                         t_width, t_height, t_method, t_type):
+        input_path = self.filepaths.remote_media_filepath(server_name, file_id)
+
+        t_path = self.filepaths.remote_media_thumbnail(
+            server_name, file_id, t_width, t_height, t_type, t_method
+        )
+        self._makedirs(t_path)
+
+        t_len = yield threads.deferToThread(
+            self._generate_thumbnail,
+            input_path, t_path, t_width, t_height, t_method, t_type
+        )
+
+        if t_len:
+            yield self.store.store_remote_media_thumbnail(
+                server_name, media_id, file_id,
+                t_width, t_height, t_type, t_method, t_len
+            )
+
+            defer.returnValue(t_path)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _generate_local_thumbnails(self, media_id, media_info):
@@ -223,43 +330,52 @@ class BaseMediaResource(Resource):
             )
             return
 
-        scales = set()
-        crops = set()
-        for r_width, r_height, r_method, r_type in requirements:
-            if r_method == "scale":
-                t_width, t_height = thumbnailer.aspect(r_width, r_height)
-                scales.add((
-                    min(m_width, t_width), min(m_height, t_height), r_type,
+        local_thumbnails = []
+
+        def generate_thumbnails():
+            scales = set()
+            crops = set()
+            for r_width, r_height, r_method, r_type in requirements:
+                if r_method == "scale":
+                    t_width, t_height = thumbnailer.aspect(r_width, r_height)
+                    scales.add((
+                        min(m_width, t_width), min(m_height, t_height), r_type,
+                    ))
+                elif r_method == "crop":
+                    crops.add((r_width, r_height, r_type))
+
+            for t_width, t_height, t_type in scales:
+                t_method = "scale"
+                t_path = self.filepaths.local_media_thumbnail(
+                    media_id, t_width, t_height, t_type, t_method
+                )
+                self._makedirs(t_path)
+                t_len = thumbnailer.scale(t_path, t_width, t_height, t_type)
+
+                local_thumbnails.append((
+                    media_id, t_width, t_height, t_type, t_method, t_len
                 ))
-            elif r_method == "crop":
-                crops.add((r_width, r_height, r_type))
 
-        for t_width, t_height, t_type in scales:
-            t_method = "scale"
-            t_path = self.filepaths.local_media_thumbnail(
-                media_id, t_width, t_height, t_type, t_method
-            )
-            self._makedirs(t_path)
-            t_len = thumbnailer.scale(t_path, t_width, t_height, t_type)
-            yield self.store.store_local_thumbnail(
-                media_id, t_width, t_height, t_type, t_method, t_len
-            )
+            for t_width, t_height, t_type in crops:
+                if (t_width, t_height, t_type) in scales:
+                    # If the aspect ratio of the cropped thumbnail matches a purely
+                    # scaled one then there is no point in calculating a separate
+                    # thumbnail.
+                    continue
+                t_method = "crop"
+                t_path = self.filepaths.local_media_thumbnail(
+                    media_id, t_width, t_height, t_type, t_method
+                )
+                self._makedirs(t_path)
+                t_len = thumbnailer.crop(t_path, t_width, t_height, t_type)
+                local_thumbnails.append((
+                    media_id, t_width, t_height, t_type, t_method, t_len
+                ))
 
-        for t_width, t_height, t_type in crops:
-            if (t_width, t_height, t_type) in scales:
-                # If the aspect ratio of the cropped thumbnail matches a purely
-                # scaled one then there is no point in calculating a separate
-                # thumbnail.
-                continue
-            t_method = "crop"
-            t_path = self.filepaths.local_media_thumbnail(
-                media_id, t_width, t_height, t_type, t_method
-            )
-            self._makedirs(t_path)
-            t_len = thumbnailer.crop(t_path, t_width, t_height, t_type)
-            yield self.store.store_local_thumbnail(
-                media_id, t_width, t_height, t_type, t_method, t_len
-            )
+        yield threads.deferToThread(generate_thumbnails)
+
+        for l in local_thumbnails:
+            yield self.store.store_local_thumbnail(*l)
 
         defer.returnValue({
             "width": m_width,
diff --git a/synapse/rest/media/v1/download_resource.py b/synapse/rest/media/v1/download_resource.py
index 0fe6abf647..ab384e5388 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/media/v1/download_resource.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/media/v1/download_resource.py
@@ -32,14 +32,16 @@ class DownloadResource(BaseMediaResource):
     @request_handler
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _async_render_GET(self, request):
-        server_name, media_id = parse_media_id(request)
+        server_name, media_id, name = parse_media_id(request)
         if server_name == self.server_name:
-            yield self._respond_local_file(request, media_id)
+            yield self._respond_local_file(request, media_id, name)
         else:
-            yield self._respond_remote_file(request, server_name, media_id)
+            yield self._respond_remote_file(
+                request, server_name, media_id, name
+            )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _respond_local_file(self, request, media_id):
+    def _respond_local_file(self, request, media_id, name):
         media_info = yield self.store.get_local_media(media_id)
         if not media_info:
             self._respond_404(request)
@@ -47,24 +49,28 @@ class DownloadResource(BaseMediaResource):
 
         media_type = media_info["media_type"]
         media_length = media_info["media_length"]
+        upload_name = name if name else media_info["upload_name"]
         file_path = self.filepaths.local_media_filepath(media_id)
 
         yield self._respond_with_file(
-            request, media_type, file_path, media_length
+            request, media_type, file_path, media_length,
+            upload_name=upload_name,
         )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _respond_remote_file(self, request, server_name, media_id):
+    def _respond_remote_file(self, request, server_name, media_id, name):
         media_info = yield self._get_remote_media(server_name, media_id)
 
         media_type = media_info["media_type"]
         media_length = media_info["media_length"]
         filesystem_id = media_info["filesystem_id"]
+        upload_name = name if name else media_info["upload_name"]
 
         file_path = self.filepaths.remote_media_filepath(
             server_name, filesystem_id
         )
 
         yield self._respond_with_file(
-            request, media_type, file_path, media_length
+            request, media_type, file_path, media_length,
+            upload_name=upload_name,
         )
diff --git a/synapse/rest/media/v1/thumbnail_resource.py b/synapse/rest/media/v1/thumbnail_resource.py
index 1dadd880b2..e506dad934 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/media/v1/thumbnail_resource.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/media/v1/thumbnail_resource.py
@@ -36,21 +36,32 @@ class ThumbnailResource(BaseMediaResource):
     @request_handler
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _async_render_GET(self, request):
-        server_name, media_id = parse_media_id(request)
+        server_name, media_id, _ = parse_media_id(request)
         width = parse_integer(request, "width")
         height = parse_integer(request, "height")
         method = parse_string(request, "method", "scale")
         m_type = parse_string(request, "type", "image/png")
 
         if server_name == self.server_name:
-            yield self._respond_local_thumbnail(
-                request, media_id, width, height, method, m_type
-            )
+            if self.dynamic_thumbnails:
+                yield self._select_or_generate_local_thumbnail(
+                    request, media_id, width, height, method, m_type
+                )
+            else:
+                yield self._respond_local_thumbnail(
+                    request, media_id, width, height, method, m_type
+                )
         else:
-            yield self._respond_remote_thumbnail(
-                request, server_name, media_id,
-                width, height, method, m_type
-            )
+            if self.dynamic_thumbnails:
+                yield self._select_or_generate_remote_thumbnail(
+                    request, server_name, media_id,
+                    width, height, method, m_type
+                )
+            else:
+                yield self._respond_remote_thumbnail(
+                    request, server_name, media_id,
+                    width, height, method, m_type
+                )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _respond_local_thumbnail(self, request, media_id, width, height,
@@ -83,6 +94,87 @@ class ThumbnailResource(BaseMediaResource):
             )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def _select_or_generate_local_thumbnail(self, request, media_id, desired_width,
+                                            desired_height, desired_method,
+                                            desired_type):
+        media_info = yield self.store.get_local_media(media_id)
+
+        if not media_info:
+            self._respond_404(request)
+            return
+
+        thumbnail_infos = yield self.store.get_local_media_thumbnails(media_id)
+        for info in thumbnail_infos:
+            t_w = info["thumbnail_width"] == desired_width
+            t_h = info["thumbnail_height"] == desired_height
+            t_method = info["thumbnail_method"] == desired_method
+            t_type = info["thumbnail_type"] == desired_type
+
+            if t_w and t_h and t_method and t_type:
+                file_path = self.filepaths.local_media_thumbnail(
+                    media_id, desired_width, desired_height, desired_type, desired_method,
+                )
+                yield self._respond_with_file(request, desired_type, file_path)
+                return
+
+        logger.debug("We don't have a local thumbnail of that size. Generating")
+
+        # Okay, so we generate one.
+        file_path = yield self._generate_local_exact_thumbnail(
+            media_id, desired_width, desired_height, desired_method, desired_type
+        )
+
+        if file_path:
+            yield self._respond_with_file(request, desired_type, file_path)
+        else:
+            yield self._respond_default_thumbnail(
+                request, media_info, desired_width, desired_height,
+                desired_method, desired_type,
+            )
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def _select_or_generate_remote_thumbnail(self, request, server_name, media_id,
+                                             desired_width, desired_height,
+                                             desired_method, desired_type):
+        media_info = yield self._get_remote_media(server_name, media_id)
+
+        thumbnail_infos = yield self.store.get_remote_media_thumbnails(
+            server_name, media_id,
+        )
+
+        file_id = media_info["filesystem_id"]
+
+        for info in thumbnail_infos:
+            t_w = info["thumbnail_width"] == desired_width
+            t_h = info["thumbnail_height"] == desired_height
+            t_method = info["thumbnail_method"] == desired_method
+            t_type = info["thumbnail_type"] == desired_type
+
+            if t_w and t_h and t_method and t_type:
+                file_path = self.filepaths.remote_media_thumbnail(
+                    server_name, file_id, desired_width, desired_height,
+                    desired_type, desired_method,
+                )
+                yield self._respond_with_file(request, desired_type, file_path)
+                return
+
+        logger.debug("We don't have a local thumbnail of that size. Generating")
+
+        # Okay, so we generate one.
+        file_path = yield self._generate_remote_exact_thumbnail(
+            server_name, file_id, media_id, desired_width,
+            desired_height, desired_method, desired_type
+        )
+
+        if file_path:
+            yield self._respond_with_file(request, desired_type, file_path)
+        else:
+            yield self._respond_default_thumbnail(
+                request, media_info, desired_width, desired_height,
+                desired_method, desired_type,
+            )
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _respond_remote_thumbnail(self, request, server_name, media_id, width,
                                   height, method, m_type):
         # TODO: Don't download the whole remote file
@@ -162,11 +254,12 @@ class ThumbnailResource(BaseMediaResource):
                 t_method = info["thumbnail_method"]
                 if t_method == "scale" or t_method == "crop":
                     aspect_quality = abs(d_w * t_h - d_h * t_w)
+                    min_quality = 0 if d_w <= t_w and d_h <= t_h else 1
                     size_quality = abs((d_w - t_w) * (d_h - t_h))
                     type_quality = desired_type != info["thumbnail_type"]
                     length_quality = info["thumbnail_length"]
                     info_list.append((
-                        aspect_quality, size_quality, type_quality,
+                        aspect_quality, min_quality, size_quality, type_quality,
                         length_quality, info
                     ))
             if info_list:
diff --git a/synapse/rest/media/v1/thumbnailer.py b/synapse/rest/media/v1/thumbnailer.py
index 28404f2b7b..1e965c363a 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/media/v1/thumbnailer.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/media/v1/thumbnailer.py
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ class Thumbnailer(object):
 
     def save_image(self, output_image, output_type, output_path):
         output_bytes_io = BytesIO()
-        output_image.save(output_bytes_io, self.FORMATS[output_type], quality=70)
+        output_image.save(output_bytes_io, self.FORMATS[output_type], quality=80)
         output_bytes = output_bytes_io.getvalue()
         with open(output_path, "wb") as output_file:
             output_file.write(output_bytes)
diff --git a/synapse/rest/media/v1/upload_resource.py b/synapse/rest/media/v1/upload_resource.py
index cc571976a5..031bfa80f8 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/media/v1/upload_resource.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/media/v1/upload_resource.py
@@ -84,6 +84,16 @@ class UploadResource(BaseMediaResource):
                 code=413,
             )
 
+        upload_name = request.args.get("filename", None)
+        if upload_name:
+            try:
+                upload_name = upload_name[0].decode('UTF-8')
+            except UnicodeDecodeError:
+                raise SynapseError(
+                    msg="Invalid UTF-8 filename parameter: %r" % (upload_name),
+                    code=400,
+                )
+
         headers = request.requestHeaders
 
         if headers.hasHeader("Content-Type"):
@@ -99,7 +109,7 @@ class UploadResource(BaseMediaResource):
         # TODO(markjh): parse content-dispostion
 
         content_uri = yield self.create_content(
-            media_type, None, request.content.read(),
+            media_type, upload_name, request.content.read(),
             content_length, auth_user
         )
 
diff --git a/synapse/state.py b/synapse/state.py
index 80da90a72c..1fe4d066bd 100644
--- a/synapse/state.py
+++ b/synapse/state.py
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ from twisted.internet import defer
 
 from synapse.util.logutils import log_function
 from synapse.util.async import run_on_reactor
-from synapse.util.expiringcache import ExpiringCache
+from synapse.util.caches.expiringcache import ExpiringCache
 from synapse.api.constants import EventTypes
 from synapse.api.errors import AuthError
 from synapse.api.auth import AuthEventTypes
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ class StateHandler(object):
             cache.ts = self.clock.time_msec()
             state = cache.state
         else:
-            res = yield self.resolve_state_groups(event_ids)
+            res = yield self.resolve_state_groups(room_id, event_ids)
             state = res[1]
 
         if event_type:
@@ -155,13 +155,13 @@ class StateHandler(object):
 
         if event.is_state():
             ret = yield self.resolve_state_groups(
-                [e for e, _ in event.prev_events],
+                event.room_id, [e for e, _ in event.prev_events],
                 event_type=event.type,
                 state_key=event.state_key,
             )
         else:
             ret = yield self.resolve_state_groups(
-                [e for e, _ in event.prev_events],
+                event.room_id, [e for e, _ in event.prev_events],
             )
 
         group, curr_state, prev_state = ret
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ class StateHandler(object):
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     @log_function
-    def resolve_state_groups(self, event_ids, event_type=None, state_key=""):
+    def resolve_state_groups(self, room_id, event_ids, event_type=None, state_key=""):
         """ Given a list of event_ids this method fetches the state at each
         event, resolves conflicts between them and returns them.
 
@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ class StateHandler(object):
                 )
 
         state_groups = yield self.store.get_state_groups(
-            event_ids
+            room_id, event_ids
         )
 
         logger.debug(
diff --git a/synapse/storage/__init__.py b/synapse/storage/__init__.py
index c137f47820..f154b1c8ae 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/__init__.py
@@ -37,6 +37,9 @@ from .rejections import RejectionsStore
 from .state import StateStore
 from .signatures import SignatureStore
 from .filtering import FilteringStore
+from .end_to_end_keys import EndToEndKeyStore
+
+from .receipts import ReceiptsStore
 
 
 import fnmatch
@@ -51,7 +54,7 @@ logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 # Remember to update this number every time a change is made to database
 # schema files, so the users will be informed on server restarts.
-SCHEMA_VERSION = 20
+SCHEMA_VERSION = 22
 
 dir_path = os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(__file__))
 
@@ -74,6 +77,8 @@ class DataStore(RoomMemberStore, RoomStore,
                 PushRuleStore,
                 ApplicationServiceTransactionStore,
                 EventsStore,
+                ReceiptsStore,
+                EndToEndKeyStore,
                 ):
 
     def __init__(self, hs):
@@ -94,7 +99,7 @@ class DataStore(RoomMemberStore, RoomStore,
         key = (user.to_string(), access_token, device_id, ip)
 
         try:
-            last_seen = self.client_ip_last_seen.get(*key)
+            last_seen = self.client_ip_last_seen.get(key)
         except KeyError:
             last_seen = None
 
@@ -102,7 +107,7 @@ class DataStore(RoomMemberStore, RoomStore,
         if last_seen is not None and (now - last_seen) < LAST_SEEN_GRANULARITY:
             defer.returnValue(None)
 
-        self.client_ip_last_seen.prefill(*key + (now,))
+        self.client_ip_last_seen.prefill(key, now)
 
         # It's safe not to lock here: a) no unique constraint,
         # b) LAST_SEEN_GRANULARITY makes concurrent updates incredibly unlikely
@@ -349,6 +354,11 @@ def _upgrade_existing_database(cur, current_version, applied_delta_files,
                     )
                 logger.debug("Running script %s", relative_path)
                 module.run_upgrade(cur, database_engine)
+            elif ext == ".pyc":
+                # Sometimes .pyc files turn up anyway even though we've
+                # disabled their generation; e.g. from distribution package
+                # installers. Silently skip it
+                pass
             elif ext == ".sql":
                 # A plain old .sql file, just read and execute it
                 logger.debug("Applying schema %s", relative_path)
diff --git a/synapse/storage/_base.py b/synapse/storage/_base.py
index 8d33def6c6..d976e17786 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/_base.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/_base.py
@@ -17,21 +17,20 @@ import logging
 from synapse.api.errors import StoreError
 from synapse.util.logutils import log_function
 from synapse.util.logcontext import preserve_context_over_fn, LoggingContext
-from synapse.util.lrucache import LruCache
+from synapse.util.caches.dictionary_cache import DictionaryCache
+from synapse.util.caches.descriptors import Cache
 import synapse.metrics
 
 from util.id_generators import IdGenerator, StreamIdGenerator
 
 from twisted.internet import defer
 
-from collections import namedtuple, OrderedDict
+from collections import namedtuple
 
-import functools
 import sys
 import time
 import threading
 
-DEBUG_CACHES = False
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
@@ -47,159 +46,6 @@ sql_scheduling_timer = metrics.register_distribution("schedule_time")
 sql_query_timer = metrics.register_distribution("query_time", labels=["verb"])
 sql_txn_timer = metrics.register_distribution("transaction_time", labels=["desc"])
 
-caches_by_name = {}
-cache_counter = metrics.register_cache(
-    "cache",
-    lambda: {(name,): len(caches_by_name[name]) for name in caches_by_name.keys()},
-    labels=["name"],
-)
-
-
-class Cache(object):
-
-    def __init__(self, name, max_entries=1000, keylen=1, lru=False):
-        if lru:
-            self.cache = LruCache(max_size=max_entries)
-            self.max_entries = None
-        else:
-            self.cache = OrderedDict()
-            self.max_entries = max_entries
-
-        self.name = name
-        self.keylen = keylen
-        self.sequence = 0
-        self.thread = None
-        caches_by_name[name] = self.cache
-
-    def check_thread(self):
-        expected_thread = self.thread
-        if expected_thread is None:
-            self.thread = threading.current_thread()
-        else:
-            if expected_thread is not threading.current_thread():
-                raise ValueError(
-                    "Cache objects can only be accessed from the main thread"
-                )
-
-    def get(self, *keyargs):
-        if len(keyargs) != self.keylen:
-            raise ValueError("Expected a key to have %d items", self.keylen)
-
-        if keyargs in self.cache:
-            cache_counter.inc_hits(self.name)
-            return self.cache[keyargs]
-
-        cache_counter.inc_misses(self.name)
-        raise KeyError()
-
-    def update(self, sequence, *args):
-        self.check_thread()
-        if self.sequence == sequence:
-            # Only update the cache if the caches sequence number matches the
-            # number that the cache had before the SELECT was started (SYN-369)
-            self.prefill(*args)
-
-    def prefill(self, *args):  # because I can't  *keyargs, value
-        keyargs = args[:-1]
-        value = args[-1]
-
-        if len(keyargs) != self.keylen:
-            raise ValueError("Expected a key to have %d items", self.keylen)
-
-        if self.max_entries is not None:
-            while len(self.cache) >= self.max_entries:
-                self.cache.popitem(last=False)
-
-        self.cache[keyargs] = value
-
-    def invalidate(self, *keyargs):
-        self.check_thread()
-        if len(keyargs) != self.keylen:
-            raise ValueError("Expected a key to have %d items", self.keylen)
-        # Increment the sequence number so that any SELECT statements that
-        # raced with the INSERT don't update the cache (SYN-369)
-        self.sequence += 1
-        self.cache.pop(keyargs, None)
-
-    def invalidate_all(self):
-        self.check_thread()
-        self.sequence += 1
-        self.cache.clear()
-
-
-class CacheDescriptor(object):
-    """ A method decorator that applies a memoizing cache around the function.
-
-    The function is presumed to take zero or more arguments, which are used in
-    a tuple as the key for the cache. Hits are served directly from the cache;
-    misses use the function body to generate the value.
-
-    The wrapped function has an additional member, a callable called
-    "invalidate". This can be used to remove individual entries from the cache.
-
-    The wrapped function has another additional callable, called "prefill",
-    which can be used to insert values into the cache specifically, without
-    calling the calculation function.
-    """
-    def __init__(self, orig, max_entries=1000, num_args=1, lru=False):
-        self.orig = orig
-
-        self.max_entries = max_entries
-        self.num_args = num_args
-        self.lru = lru
-
-    def __get__(self, obj, objtype=None):
-        cache = Cache(
-            name=self.orig.__name__,
-            max_entries=self.max_entries,
-            keylen=self.num_args,
-            lru=self.lru,
-        )
-
-        @functools.wraps(self.orig)
-        @defer.inlineCallbacks
-        def wrapped(*keyargs):
-            try:
-                cached_result = cache.get(*keyargs[:self.num_args])
-                if DEBUG_CACHES:
-                    actual_result = yield self.orig(obj, *keyargs)
-                    if actual_result != cached_result:
-                        logger.error(
-                            "Stale cache entry %s%r: cached: %r, actual %r",
-                            self.orig.__name__, keyargs,
-                            cached_result, actual_result,
-                        )
-                        raise ValueError("Stale cache entry")
-                defer.returnValue(cached_result)
-            except KeyError:
-                # Get the sequence number of the cache before reading from the
-                # database so that we can tell if the cache is invalidated
-                # while the SELECT is executing (SYN-369)
-                sequence = cache.sequence
-
-                ret = yield self.orig(obj, *keyargs)
-
-                cache.update(sequence, *keyargs[:self.num_args] + (ret,))
-
-                defer.returnValue(ret)
-
-        wrapped.invalidate = cache.invalidate
-        wrapped.invalidate_all = cache.invalidate_all
-        wrapped.prefill = cache.prefill
-
-        obj.__dict__[self.orig.__name__] = wrapped
-
-        return wrapped
-
-
-def cached(max_entries=1000, num_args=1, lru=False):
-    return lambda orig: CacheDescriptor(
-        orig,
-        max_entries=max_entries,
-        num_args=num_args,
-        lru=lru
-    )
-
 
 class LoggingTransaction(object):
     """An object that almost-transparently proxies for the 'txn' object
@@ -321,6 +167,8 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
         self._get_event_cache = Cache("*getEvent*", keylen=3, lru=True,
                                       max_entries=hs.config.event_cache_size)
 
+        self._state_group_cache = DictionaryCache("*stateGroupCache*", 2000)
+
         self._event_fetch_lock = threading.Condition()
         self._event_fetch_list = []
         self._event_fetch_ongoing = 0
@@ -329,13 +177,14 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
 
         self.database_engine = hs.database_engine
 
-        self._stream_id_gen = StreamIdGenerator()
+        self._stream_id_gen = StreamIdGenerator("events", "stream_ordering")
         self._transaction_id_gen = IdGenerator("sent_transactions", "id", self)
         self._state_groups_id_gen = IdGenerator("state_groups", "id", self)
         self._access_tokens_id_gen = IdGenerator("access_tokens", "id", self)
         self._pushers_id_gen = IdGenerator("pushers", "id", self)
         self._push_rule_id_gen = IdGenerator("push_rules", "id", self)
         self._push_rules_enable_id_gen = IdGenerator("push_rules_enable", "id", self)
+        self._receipts_id_gen = StreamIdGenerator("receipts_linearized", "stream_id")
 
     def start_profiling(self):
         self._previous_loop_ts = self._clock.time_msec()
diff --git a/synapse/storage/directory.py b/synapse/storage/directory.py
index 2b2bdf8615..d92028ea43 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/directory.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/directory.py
@@ -13,7 +13,8 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
-from ._base import SQLBaseStore, cached
+from ._base import SQLBaseStore
+from synapse.util.caches.descriptors import cached
 
 from synapse.api.errors import SynapseError
 
@@ -104,7 +105,7 @@ class DirectoryStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 },
                 desc="create_room_alias_association",
             )
-        self.get_aliases_for_room.invalidate(room_id)
+        self.get_aliases_for_room.invalidate((room_id,))
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def delete_room_alias(self, room_alias):
@@ -114,7 +115,7 @@ class DirectoryStore(SQLBaseStore):
             room_alias,
         )
 
-        self.get_aliases_for_room.invalidate(room_id)
+        self.get_aliases_for_room.invalidate((room_id,))
         defer.returnValue(room_id)
 
     def _delete_room_alias_txn(self, txn, room_alias):
diff --git a/synapse/storage/end_to_end_keys.py b/synapse/storage/end_to_end_keys.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..325740d7d0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/end_to_end_keys.py
@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# Copyright 2015 OpenMarket Ltd
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+from _base import SQLBaseStore
+
+
+class EndToEndKeyStore(SQLBaseStore):
+    def set_e2e_device_keys(self, user_id, device_id, time_now, json_bytes):
+        return self._simple_upsert(
+            table="e2e_device_keys_json",
+            keyvalues={
+                "user_id": user_id,
+                "device_id": device_id,
+            },
+            values={
+                "ts_added_ms": time_now,
+                "key_json": json_bytes,
+            }
+        )
+
+    def get_e2e_device_keys(self, query_list):
+        """Fetch a list of device keys.
+        Args:
+            query_list(list): List of pairs of user_ids and device_ids.
+        Returns:
+            Dict mapping from user-id to dict mapping from device_id to
+            key json byte strings.
+        """
+        def _get_e2e_device_keys(txn):
+            result = {}
+            for user_id, device_id in query_list:
+                user_result = result.setdefault(user_id, {})
+                keyvalues = {"user_id": user_id}
+                if device_id:
+                    keyvalues["device_id"] = device_id
+                rows = self._simple_select_list_txn(
+                    txn, table="e2e_device_keys_json",
+                    keyvalues=keyvalues,
+                    retcols=["device_id", "key_json"]
+                )
+                for row in rows:
+                    user_result[row["device_id"]] = row["key_json"]
+            return result
+        return self.runInteraction("get_e2e_device_keys", _get_e2e_device_keys)
+
+    def add_e2e_one_time_keys(self, user_id, device_id, time_now, key_list):
+        def _add_e2e_one_time_keys(txn):
+            for (algorithm, key_id, json_bytes) in key_list:
+                self._simple_upsert_txn(
+                    txn, table="e2e_one_time_keys_json",
+                    keyvalues={
+                        "user_id": user_id,
+                        "device_id": device_id,
+                        "algorithm": algorithm,
+                        "key_id": key_id,
+                    },
+                    values={
+                        "ts_added_ms": time_now,
+                        "key_json": json_bytes,
+                    }
+                )
+        return self.runInteraction(
+            "add_e2e_one_time_keys", _add_e2e_one_time_keys
+        )
+
+    def count_e2e_one_time_keys(self, user_id, device_id):
+        """ Count the number of one time keys the server has for a device
+        Returns:
+            Dict mapping from algorithm to number of keys for that algorithm.
+        """
+        def _count_e2e_one_time_keys(txn):
+            sql = (
+                "SELECT algorithm, COUNT(key_id) FROM e2e_one_time_keys_json"
+                " WHERE user_id = ? AND device_id = ?"
+                " GROUP BY algorithm"
+            )
+            txn.execute(sql, (user_id, device_id))
+            result = {}
+            for algorithm, key_count in txn.fetchall():
+                result[algorithm] = key_count
+            return result
+        return self.runInteraction(
+            "count_e2e_one_time_keys", _count_e2e_one_time_keys
+        )
+
+    def claim_e2e_one_time_keys(self, query_list):
+        """Take a list of one time keys out of the database"""
+        def _claim_e2e_one_time_keys(txn):
+            sql = (
+                "SELECT key_id, key_json FROM e2e_one_time_keys_json"
+                " WHERE user_id = ? AND device_id = ? AND algorithm = ?"
+                " LIMIT 1"
+            )
+            result = {}
+            delete = []
+            for user_id, device_id, algorithm in query_list:
+                user_result = result.setdefault(user_id, {})
+                device_result = user_result.setdefault(device_id, {})
+                txn.execute(sql, (user_id, device_id, algorithm))
+                for key_id, key_json in txn.fetchall():
+                    device_result[algorithm + ":" + key_id] = key_json
+                    delete.append((user_id, device_id, algorithm, key_id))
+            sql = (
+                "DELETE FROM e2e_one_time_keys_json"
+                " WHERE user_id = ? AND device_id = ? AND algorithm = ?"
+                " AND key_id = ?"
+            )
+            for user_id, device_id, algorithm, key_id in delete:
+                txn.execute(sql, (user_id, device_id, algorithm, key_id))
+            return result
+        return self.runInteraction(
+            "claim_e2e_one_time_keys", _claim_e2e_one_time_keys
+        )
diff --git a/synapse/storage/event_federation.py b/synapse/storage/event_federation.py
index 1ba073884b..dda3027b61 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/event_federation.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/event_federation.py
@@ -15,7 +15,8 @@
 
 from twisted.internet import defer
 
-from ._base import SQLBaseStore, cached
+from ._base import SQLBaseStore
+from synapse.util.caches.descriptors import cached
 from syutil.base64util import encode_base64
 
 import logging
@@ -49,14 +50,22 @@ class EventFederationStore(SQLBaseStore):
         results = set()
 
         base_sql = (
-            "SELECT auth_id FROM event_auth WHERE event_id = ?"
+            "SELECT auth_id FROM event_auth WHERE event_id IN (%s)"
         )
 
         front = set(event_ids)
         while front:
             new_front = set()
-            for f in front:
-                txn.execute(base_sql, (f,))
+            front_list = list(front)
+            chunks = [
+                front_list[x:x+100]
+                for x in xrange(0, len(front), 100)
+            ]
+            for chunk in chunks:
+                txn.execute(
+                    base_sql % (",".join(["?"] * len(chunk)),),
+                    chunk
+                )
                 new_front.update([r[0] for r in txn.fetchall()])
 
             new_front -= results
@@ -274,8 +283,7 @@ class EventFederationStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 },
             )
 
-    def _handle_prev_events(self, txn, outlier, event_id, prev_events,
-                            room_id):
+    def _handle_mult_prev_events(self, txn, events):
         """
         For the given event, update the event edges table and forward and
         backward extremities tables.
@@ -285,70 +293,83 @@ class EventFederationStore(SQLBaseStore):
             table="event_edges",
             values=[
                 {
-                    "event_id": event_id,
+                    "event_id": ev.event_id,
                     "prev_event_id": e_id,
-                    "room_id": room_id,
+                    "room_id": ev.room_id,
                     "is_state": False,
                 }
-                for e_id, _ in prev_events
+                for ev in events
+                for e_id, _ in ev.prev_events
             ],
         )
 
-        # Update the extremities table if this is not an outlier.
-        if not outlier:
-            for e_id, _ in prev_events:
-                # TODO (erikj): This could be done as a bulk insert
-                self._simple_delete_txn(
-                    txn,
-                    table="event_forward_extremities",
-                    keyvalues={
-                        "event_id": e_id,
-                        "room_id": room_id,
-                    }
-                )
+        events_by_room = {}
+        for ev in events:
+            events_by_room.setdefault(ev.room_id, []).append(ev)
 
-            # We only insert as a forward extremity the new event if there are
-            # no other events that reference it as a prev event
-            query = (
-                "SELECT 1 FROM event_edges WHERE prev_event_id = ?"
-            )
+        for room_id, room_events in events_by_room.items():
+            prevs = [
+                e_id for ev in room_events for e_id, _ in ev.prev_events
+                if not ev.internal_metadata.is_outlier()
+            ]
+            if prevs:
+                txn.execute(
+                    "DELETE FROM event_forward_extremities"
+                    " WHERE room_id = ?"
+                    " AND event_id in (%s)" % (
+                        ",".join(["?"] * len(prevs)),
+                    ),
+                    [room_id] + prevs,
+                )
 
-            txn.execute(query, (event_id,))
+        query = (
+            "INSERT INTO event_forward_extremities (event_id, room_id)"
+            " SELECT ?, ? WHERE NOT EXISTS ("
+            " SELECT 1 FROM event_edges WHERE prev_event_id = ?"
+            " )"
+        )
 
-            if not txn.fetchone():
-                query = (
-                    "INSERT INTO event_forward_extremities"
-                    " (event_id, room_id)"
-                    " VALUES (?, ?)"
-                )
+        txn.executemany(
+            query,
+            [
+                (ev.event_id, ev.room_id, ev.event_id) for ev in events
+                if not ev.internal_metadata.is_outlier()
+            ]
+        )
 
-                txn.execute(query, (event_id, room_id))
-
-            query = (
-                "INSERT INTO event_backward_extremities (event_id, room_id)"
-                " SELECT ?, ? WHERE NOT EXISTS ("
-                " SELECT 1 FROM event_backward_extremities"
-                " WHERE event_id = ? AND room_id = ?"
-                " )"
-                " AND NOT EXISTS ("
-                " SELECT 1 FROM events WHERE event_id = ? AND room_id = ? "
-                " AND outlier = ?"
-                " )"
-            )
+        query = (
+            "INSERT INTO event_backward_extremities (event_id, room_id)"
+            " SELECT ?, ? WHERE NOT EXISTS ("
+            " SELECT 1 FROM event_backward_extremities"
+            " WHERE event_id = ? AND room_id = ?"
+            " )"
+            " AND NOT EXISTS ("
+            " SELECT 1 FROM events WHERE event_id = ? AND room_id = ? "
+            " AND outlier = ?"
+            " )"
+        )
 
-            txn.executemany(query, [
-                (e_id, room_id, e_id, room_id, e_id, room_id, False)
-                for e_id, _ in prev_events
-            ])
+        txn.executemany(query, [
+            (e_id, ev.room_id, e_id, ev.room_id, e_id, ev.room_id, False)
+            for ev in events for e_id, _ in ev.prev_events
+            if not ev.internal_metadata.is_outlier()
+        ])
 
-            query = (
-                "DELETE FROM event_backward_extremities"
-                " WHERE event_id = ? AND room_id = ?"
-            )
-            txn.execute(query, (event_id, room_id))
+        query = (
+            "DELETE FROM event_backward_extremities"
+            " WHERE event_id = ? AND room_id = ?"
+        )
+        txn.executemany(
+            query,
+            [
+                (ev.event_id, ev.room_id) for ev in events
+                if not ev.internal_metadata.is_outlier()
+            ]
+        )
 
+        for room_id in events_by_room:
             txn.call_after(
-                self.get_latest_event_ids_in_room.invalidate, room_id
+                self.get_latest_event_ids_in_room.invalidate, (room_id,)
             )
 
     def get_backfill_events(self, room_id, event_list, limit):
@@ -400,10 +421,12 @@ class EventFederationStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 keyvalues={
                     "event_id": event_id,
                 },
-                retcol="depth"
+                retcol="depth",
+                allow_none=True,
             )
 
-            queue.put((-depth, event_id))
+            if depth:
+                queue.put((-depth, event_id))
 
         while not queue.empty() and len(event_results) < limit:
             try:
@@ -489,4 +512,4 @@ class EventFederationStore(SQLBaseStore):
         query = "DELETE FROM event_forward_extremities WHERE room_id = ?"
 
         txn.execute(query, (room_id,))
-        txn.call_after(self.get_latest_event_ids_in_room.invalidate, room_id)
+        txn.call_after(self.get_latest_event_ids_in_room.invalidate, (room_id,))
diff --git a/synapse/storage/events.py b/synapse/storage/events.py
index 2caf0aae80..e3eabab13d 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/events.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/events.py
@@ -23,9 +23,7 @@ from synapse.events.utils import prune_event
 from synapse.util.logcontext import preserve_context_over_deferred
 from synapse.util.logutils import log_function
 from synapse.api.constants import EventTypes
-from synapse.crypto.event_signing import compute_event_reference_hash
 
-from syutil.base64util import decode_base64
 from syutil.jsonutil import encode_json
 from contextlib import contextmanager
 
@@ -47,6 +45,48 @@ EVENT_QUEUE_TIMEOUT_S = 0.1  # Timeout when waiting for requests for events
 
 class EventsStore(SQLBaseStore):
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def persist_events(self, events_and_contexts, backfilled=False,
+                       is_new_state=True):
+        if not events_and_contexts:
+            return
+
+        if backfilled:
+            if not self.min_token_deferred.called:
+                yield self.min_token_deferred
+            start = self.min_token - 1
+            self.min_token -= len(events_and_contexts) + 1
+            stream_orderings = range(start, self.min_token, -1)
+
+            @contextmanager
+            def stream_ordering_manager():
+                yield stream_orderings
+            stream_ordering_manager = stream_ordering_manager()
+        else:
+            stream_ordering_manager = yield self._stream_id_gen.get_next_mult(
+                self, len(events_and_contexts)
+            )
+
+        with stream_ordering_manager as stream_orderings:
+            for (event, _), stream in zip(events_and_contexts, stream_orderings):
+                event.internal_metadata.stream_ordering = stream
+
+            chunks = [
+                events_and_contexts[x:x+100]
+                for x in xrange(0, len(events_and_contexts), 100)
+            ]
+
+            for chunk in chunks:
+                # We can't easily parallelize these since different chunks
+                # might contain the same event. :(
+                yield self.runInteraction(
+                    "persist_events",
+                    self._persist_events_txn,
+                    events_and_contexts=chunk,
+                    backfilled=backfilled,
+                    is_new_state=is_new_state,
+                )
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
     @log_function
     def persist_event(self, event, context, backfilled=False,
                       is_new_state=True, current_state=None):
@@ -67,13 +107,13 @@ class EventsStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
         try:
             with stream_ordering_manager as stream_ordering:
+                event.internal_metadata.stream_ordering = stream_ordering
                 yield self.runInteraction(
                     "persist_event",
                     self._persist_event_txn,
                     event=event,
                     context=context,
                     backfilled=backfilled,
-                    stream_ordering=stream_ordering,
                     is_new_state=is_new_state,
                     current_state=current_state,
                 )
@@ -116,19 +156,14 @@ class EventsStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
     @log_function
     def _persist_event_txn(self, txn, event, context, backfilled,
-                           stream_ordering=None, is_new_state=True,
-                           current_state=None):
-
-        # Remove the any existing cache entries for the event_id
-        txn.call_after(self._invalidate_get_event_cache, event.event_id)
-
+                           is_new_state=True, current_state=None):
         # We purposefully do this first since if we include a `current_state`
         # key, we *want* to update the `current_state_events` table
         if current_state:
             txn.call_after(self.get_current_state_for_key.invalidate_all)
             txn.call_after(self.get_rooms_for_user.invalidate_all)
-            txn.call_after(self.get_users_in_room.invalidate, event.room_id)
-            txn.call_after(self.get_joined_hosts_for_room.invalidate, event.room_id)
+            txn.call_after(self.get_users_in_room.invalidate, (event.room_id,))
+            txn.call_after(self.get_joined_hosts_for_room.invalidate, (event.room_id,))
             txn.call_after(self.get_room_name_and_aliases, event.room_id)
 
             self._simple_delete_txn(
@@ -149,37 +184,78 @@ class EventsStore(SQLBaseStore):
                     }
                 )
 
-        outlier = event.internal_metadata.is_outlier()
+        return self._persist_events_txn(
+            txn,
+            [(event, context)],
+            backfilled=backfilled,
+            is_new_state=is_new_state,
+        )
 
-        if not outlier:
-            self._update_min_depth_for_room_txn(
-                txn,
-                event.room_id,
-                event.depth
+    @log_function
+    def _persist_events_txn(self, txn, events_and_contexts, backfilled,
+                            is_new_state=True):
+
+        # Remove the any existing cache entries for the event_ids
+        for event, _ in events_and_contexts:
+            txn.call_after(self._invalidate_get_event_cache, event.event_id)
+
+        depth_updates = {}
+        for event, _ in events_and_contexts:
+            if event.internal_metadata.is_outlier():
+                continue
+            depth_updates[event.room_id] = max(
+                event.depth, depth_updates.get(event.room_id, event.depth)
             )
 
-        have_persisted = self._simple_select_one_txn(
-            txn,
-            table="events",
-            keyvalues={"event_id": event.event_id},
-            retcols=["event_id", "outlier"],
-            allow_none=True,
+        for room_id, depth in depth_updates.items():
+            self._update_min_depth_for_room_txn(txn, room_id, depth)
+
+        txn.execute(
+            "SELECT event_id, outlier FROM events WHERE event_id in (%s)" % (
+                ",".join(["?"] * len(events_and_contexts)),
+            ),
+            [event.event_id for event, _ in events_and_contexts]
         )
+        have_persisted = {
+            event_id: outlier
+            for event_id, outlier in txn.fetchall()
+        }
+
+        event_map = {}
+        to_remove = set()
+        for event, context in events_and_contexts:
+            # Handle the case of the list including the same event multiple
+            # times. The tricky thing here is when they differ by whether
+            # they are an outlier.
+            if event.event_id in event_map:
+                other = event_map[event.event_id]
+
+                if not other.internal_metadata.is_outlier():
+                    to_remove.add(event)
+                    continue
+                elif not event.internal_metadata.is_outlier():
+                    to_remove.add(event)
+                    continue
+                else:
+                    to_remove.add(other)
 
-        metadata_json = encode_json(
-            event.internal_metadata.get_dict(),
-            using_frozen_dicts=USE_FROZEN_DICTS
-        ).decode("UTF-8")
-
-        # If we have already persisted this event, we don't need to do any
-        # more processing.
-        # The processing above must be done on every call to persist event,
-        # since they might not have happened on previous calls. For example,
-        # if we are persisting an event that we had persisted as an outlier,
-        # but is no longer one.
-        if have_persisted:
-            if not outlier and have_persisted["outlier"]:
-                self._store_state_groups_txn(txn, event, context)
+            event_map[event.event_id] = event
+
+            if event.event_id not in have_persisted:
+                continue
+
+            to_remove.add(event)
+
+            outlier_persisted = have_persisted[event.event_id]
+            if not event.internal_metadata.is_outlier() and outlier_persisted:
+                self._store_state_groups_txn(
+                    txn, event, context,
+                )
+
+                metadata_json = encode_json(
+                    event.internal_metadata.get_dict(),
+                    using_frozen_dicts=USE_FROZEN_DICTS
+                ).decode("UTF-8")
 
                 sql = (
                     "UPDATE event_json SET internal_metadata = ?"
@@ -198,94 +274,91 @@ class EventsStore(SQLBaseStore):
                     sql,
                     (False, event.event_id,)
                 )
-            return
-
-        if not outlier:
-            self._store_state_groups_txn(txn, event, context)
 
-        self._handle_prev_events(
-            txn,
-            outlier=outlier,
-            event_id=event.event_id,
-            prev_events=event.prev_events,
-            room_id=event.room_id,
+        events_and_contexts = filter(
+            lambda ec: ec[0] not in to_remove,
+            events_and_contexts
         )
 
-        if event.type == EventTypes.Member:
-            self._store_room_member_txn(txn, event)
-        elif event.type == EventTypes.Name:
-            self._store_room_name_txn(txn, event)
-        elif event.type == EventTypes.Topic:
-            self._store_room_topic_txn(txn, event)
-        elif event.type == EventTypes.Redaction:
-            self._store_redaction(txn, event)
-
-        event_dict = {
-            k: v
-            for k, v in event.get_dict().items()
-            if k not in [
-                "redacted",
-                "redacted_because",
-            ]
-        }
+        if not events_and_contexts:
+            return
 
-        self._simple_insert_txn(
+        self._store_mult_state_groups_txn(txn, [
+            (event, context)
+            for event, context in events_and_contexts
+            if not event.internal_metadata.is_outlier()
+        ])
+
+        self._handle_mult_prev_events(
             txn,
-            table="event_json",
-            values={
-                "event_id": event.event_id,
-                "room_id": event.room_id,
-                "internal_metadata": metadata_json,
-                "json": encode_json(
-                    event_dict, using_frozen_dicts=USE_FROZEN_DICTS
-                ).decode("UTF-8"),
-            },
+            events=[event for event, _ in events_and_contexts],
         )
 
-        content = encode_json(
-            event.content, using_frozen_dicts=USE_FROZEN_DICTS
-        ).decode("UTF-8")
-
-        vals = {
-            "topological_ordering": event.depth,
-            "event_id": event.event_id,
-            "type": event.type,
-            "room_id": event.room_id,
-            "content": content,
-            "processed": True,
-            "outlier": outlier,
-            "depth": event.depth,
-        }
+        for event, _ in events_and_contexts:
+            if event.type == EventTypes.Name:
+                self._store_room_name_txn(txn, event)
+            elif event.type == EventTypes.Topic:
+                self._store_room_topic_txn(txn, event)
+            elif event.type == EventTypes.Redaction:
+                self._store_redaction(txn, event)
 
-        unrec = {
-            k: v
-            for k, v in event.get_dict().items()
-            if k not in vals.keys() and k not in [
-                "redacted",
-                "redacted_because",
-                "signatures",
-                "hashes",
-                "prev_events",
+        self._store_room_members_txn(
+            txn,
+            [
+                event
+                for event, _ in events_and_contexts
+                if event.type == EventTypes.Member
             ]
-        }
+        )
 
-        vals["unrecognized_keys"] = encode_json(
-            unrec, using_frozen_dicts=USE_FROZEN_DICTS
-        ).decode("UTF-8")
+        def event_dict(event):
+            return {
+                k: v
+                for k, v in event.get_dict().items()
+                if k not in [
+                    "redacted",
+                    "redacted_because",
+                ]
+            }
 
-        sql = (
-            "INSERT INTO events"
-            " (stream_ordering, topological_ordering, event_id, type,"
-            " room_id, content, processed, outlier, depth)"
-            " VALUES (?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?)"
+        self._simple_insert_many_txn(
+            txn,
+            table="event_json",
+            values=[
+                {
+                    "event_id": event.event_id,
+                    "room_id": event.room_id,
+                    "internal_metadata": encode_json(
+                        event.internal_metadata.get_dict(),
+                        using_frozen_dicts=USE_FROZEN_DICTS
+                    ).decode("UTF-8"),
+                    "json": encode_json(
+                        event_dict(event), using_frozen_dicts=USE_FROZEN_DICTS
+                    ).decode("UTF-8"),
+                }
+                for event, _ in events_and_contexts
+            ],
         )
 
-        txn.execute(
-            sql,
-            (
-                stream_ordering, event.depth, event.event_id, event.type,
-                event.room_id, content, True, outlier, event.depth
-            )
+        self._simple_insert_many_txn(
+            txn,
+            table="events",
+            values=[
+                {
+                    "stream_ordering": event.internal_metadata.stream_ordering,
+                    "topological_ordering": event.depth,
+                    "depth": event.depth,
+                    "event_id": event.event_id,
+                    "room_id": event.room_id,
+                    "type": event.type,
+                    "processed": True,
+                    "outlier": event.internal_metadata.is_outlier(),
+                    "content": encode_json(
+                        event.content, using_frozen_dicts=USE_FROZEN_DICTS
+                    ).decode("UTF-8"),
+                }
+                for event, _ in events_and_contexts
+            ],
         )
 
         if context.rejected:
@@ -293,20 +366,6 @@ class EventsStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 txn, event.event_id, context.rejected
             )
 
-        for hash_alg, hash_base64 in event.hashes.items():
-            hash_bytes = decode_base64(hash_base64)
-            self._store_event_content_hash_txn(
-                txn, event.event_id, hash_alg, hash_bytes,
-            )
-
-        for prev_event_id, prev_hashes in event.prev_events:
-            for alg, hash_base64 in prev_hashes.items():
-                hash_bytes = decode_base64(hash_base64)
-                self._store_prev_event_hash_txn(
-                    txn, event.event_id, prev_event_id, alg,
-                    hash_bytes
-                )
-
         self._simple_insert_many_txn(
             txn,
             table="event_auth",
@@ -316,16 +375,22 @@ class EventsStore(SQLBaseStore):
                     "room_id": event.room_id,
                     "auth_id": auth_id,
                 }
+                for event, _ in events_and_contexts
                 for auth_id, _ in event.auth_events
             ],
         )
 
-        (ref_alg, ref_hash_bytes) = compute_event_reference_hash(event)
-        self._store_event_reference_hash_txn(
-            txn, event.event_id, ref_alg, ref_hash_bytes
+        self._store_event_reference_hashes_txn(
+            txn, [event for event, _ in events_and_contexts]
         )
 
-        if event.is_state():
+        state_events_and_contexts = filter(
+            lambda i: i[0].is_state(),
+            events_and_contexts,
+        )
+
+        state_values = []
+        for event, context in state_events_and_contexts:
             vals = {
                 "event_id": event.event_id,
                 "room_id": event.room_id,
@@ -337,51 +402,55 @@ class EventsStore(SQLBaseStore):
             if hasattr(event, "replaces_state"):
                 vals["prev_state"] = event.replaces_state
 
-            self._simple_insert_txn(
-                txn,
-                "state_events",
-                vals,
-            )
+            state_values.append(vals)
 
-            self._simple_insert_many_txn(
-                txn,
-                table="event_edges",
-                values=[
-                    {
-                        "event_id": event.event_id,
-                        "prev_event_id": e_id,
-                        "room_id": event.room_id,
-                        "is_state": True,
-                    }
-                    for e_id, h in event.prev_state
-                ],
-            )
+        self._simple_insert_many_txn(
+            txn,
+            table="state_events",
+            values=state_values,
+        )
 
-            if is_new_state and not context.rejected:
-                txn.call_after(
-                    self.get_current_state_for_key.invalidate,
-                    event.room_id, event.type, event.state_key
-                )
+        self._simple_insert_many_txn(
+            txn,
+            table="event_edges",
+            values=[
+                {
+                    "event_id": event.event_id,
+                    "prev_event_id": prev_id,
+                    "room_id": event.room_id,
+                    "is_state": True,
+                }
+                for event, _ in state_events_and_contexts
+                for prev_id, _ in event.prev_state
+            ],
+        )
 
-                if (event.type == EventTypes.Name
-                        or event.type == EventTypes.Aliases):
+        if is_new_state:
+            for event, _ in state_events_and_contexts:
+                if not context.rejected:
                     txn.call_after(
-                        self.get_room_name_and_aliases.invalidate,
-                        event.room_id
+                        self.get_current_state_for_key.invalidate,
+                        (event.room_id, event.type, event.state_key,)
                     )
 
-                self._simple_upsert_txn(
-                    txn,
-                    "current_state_events",
-                    keyvalues={
-                        "room_id": event.room_id,
-                        "type": event.type,
-                        "state_key": event.state_key,
-                    },
-                    values={
-                        "event_id": event.event_id,
-                    }
-                )
+                    if event.type in [EventTypes.Name, EventTypes.Aliases]:
+                        txn.call_after(
+                            self.get_room_name_and_aliases.invalidate,
+                            (event.room_id,)
+                        )
+
+                    self._simple_upsert_txn(
+                        txn,
+                        "current_state_events",
+                        keyvalues={
+                            "room_id": event.room_id,
+                            "type": event.type,
+                            "state_key": event.state_key,
+                        },
+                        values={
+                            "event_id": event.event_id,
+                        }
+                    )
 
         return
 
@@ -498,8 +567,9 @@ class EventsStore(SQLBaseStore):
     def _invalidate_get_event_cache(self, event_id):
         for check_redacted in (False, True):
             for get_prev_content in (False, True):
-                self._get_event_cache.invalidate(event_id, check_redacted,
-                                                 get_prev_content)
+                self._get_event_cache.invalidate(
+                    (event_id, check_redacted, get_prev_content)
+                )
 
     def _get_event_txn(self, txn, event_id, check_redacted=True,
                        get_prev_content=False, allow_rejected=False):
@@ -520,7 +590,7 @@ class EventsStore(SQLBaseStore):
         for event_id in events:
             try:
                 ret = self._get_event_cache.get(
-                    event_id, check_redacted, get_prev_content
+                    (event_id, check_redacted, get_prev_content,)
                 )
 
                 if allow_rejected or not ret.rejected_reason:
@@ -741,6 +811,8 @@ class EventsStore(SQLBaseStore):
             )
 
             if because:
+                # It's fine to do add the event directly, since get_pdu_json
+                # will serialise this field correctly
                 ev.unsigned["redacted_because"] = because
 
         if get_prev_content and "replaces_state" in ev.unsigned:
@@ -753,7 +825,7 @@ class EventsStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 ev.unsigned["prev_content"] = prev.get_dict()["content"]
 
         self._get_event_cache.prefill(
-            ev.event_id, check_redacted, get_prev_content, ev
+            (ev.event_id, check_redacted, get_prev_content), ev
         )
 
         defer.returnValue(ev)
@@ -810,7 +882,7 @@ class EventsStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 ev.unsigned["prev_content"] = prev.get_dict()["content"]
 
         self._get_event_cache.prefill(
-            ev.event_id, check_redacted, get_prev_content, ev
+            (ev.event_id, check_redacted, get_prev_content), ev
         )
 
         return ev
diff --git a/synapse/storage/keys.py b/synapse/storage/keys.py
index 5bdf497b93..ffd6daa880 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/keys.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/keys.py
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 # limitations under the License.
 
 from _base import SQLBaseStore
+from synapse.util.caches.descriptors import cachedInlineCallbacks
 
 from twisted.internet import defer
 
@@ -71,6 +72,24 @@ class KeyStore(SQLBaseStore):
             desc="store_server_certificate",
         )
 
+    @cachedInlineCallbacks()
+    def get_all_server_verify_keys(self, server_name):
+        rows = yield self._simple_select_list(
+            table="server_signature_keys",
+            keyvalues={
+                "server_name": server_name,
+            },
+            retcols=["key_id", "verify_key"],
+            desc="get_all_server_verify_keys",
+        )
+
+        defer.returnValue({
+            row["key_id"]: decode_verify_key_bytes(
+                row["key_id"], str(row["verify_key"])
+            )
+            for row in rows
+        })
+
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_server_verify_keys(self, server_name, key_ids):
         """Retrieve the NACL verification key for a given server for the given
@@ -81,24 +100,14 @@ class KeyStore(SQLBaseStore):
         Returns:
             (list of VerifyKey): The verification keys.
         """
-        sql = (
-            "SELECT key_id, verify_key FROM server_signature_keys"
-            " WHERE server_name = ?"
-            " AND key_id in (" + ",".join("?" for key_id in key_ids) + ")"
-        )
-
-        rows = yield self._execute_and_decode(
-            "get_server_verify_keys", sql, server_name, *key_ids
-        )
-
-        keys = []
-        for row in rows:
-            key_id = row["key_id"]
-            key_bytes = row["verify_key"]
-            key = decode_verify_key_bytes(key_id, str(key_bytes))
-            keys.append(key)
-        defer.returnValue(keys)
+        keys = yield self.get_all_server_verify_keys(server_name)
+        defer.returnValue({
+            k: keys[k]
+            for k in key_ids
+            if k in keys and keys[k]
+        })
 
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def store_server_verify_key(self, server_name, from_server, time_now_ms,
                                 verify_key):
         """Stores a NACL verification key for the given server.
@@ -109,7 +118,7 @@ class KeyStore(SQLBaseStore):
             ts_now_ms (int): The time now in milliseconds
             verification_key (VerifyKey): The NACL verify key.
         """
-        return self._simple_upsert(
+        yield self._simple_upsert(
             table="server_signature_keys",
             keyvalues={
                 "server_name": server_name,
@@ -123,6 +132,8 @@ class KeyStore(SQLBaseStore):
             desc="store_server_verify_key",
         )
 
+        self.get_all_server_verify_keys.invalidate((server_name,))
+
     def store_server_keys_json(self, server_name, key_id, from_server,
                                ts_now_ms, ts_expires_ms, key_json_bytes):
         """Stores the JSON bytes for a set of keys from a server
@@ -152,6 +163,7 @@ class KeyStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 "ts_valid_until_ms": ts_expires_ms,
                 "key_json": buffer(key_json_bytes),
             },
+            desc="store_server_keys_json",
         )
 
     def get_server_keys_json(self, server_keys):
diff --git a/synapse/storage/presence.py b/synapse/storage/presence.py
index fefcf6bce0..34ca3b9a54 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/presence.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/presence.py
@@ -13,19 +13,23 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
-from ._base import SQLBaseStore, cached
+from ._base import SQLBaseStore
+from synapse.util.caches.descriptors import cached, cachedList
 
 from twisted.internet import defer
 
 
 class PresenceStore(SQLBaseStore):
     def create_presence(self, user_localpart):
-        return self._simple_insert(
+        res = self._simple_insert(
             table="presence",
             values={"user_id": user_localpart},
             desc="create_presence",
         )
 
+        self.get_presence_state.invalidate((user_localpart,))
+        return res
+
     def has_presence_state(self, user_localpart):
         return self._simple_select_one(
             table="presence",
@@ -35,6 +39,7 @@ class PresenceStore(SQLBaseStore):
             desc="has_presence_state",
         )
 
+    @cached(max_entries=2000)
     def get_presence_state(self, user_localpart):
         return self._simple_select_one(
             table="presence",
@@ -43,8 +48,27 @@ class PresenceStore(SQLBaseStore):
             desc="get_presence_state",
         )
 
+    @cachedList(get_presence_state.cache, list_name="user_localparts")
+    def get_presence_states(self, user_localparts):
+        def f(txn):
+            results = {}
+            for user_localpart in user_localparts:
+                res = self._simple_select_one_txn(
+                    txn,
+                    table="presence",
+                    keyvalues={"user_id": user_localpart},
+                    retcols=["state", "status_msg", "mtime"],
+                    allow_none=True,
+                )
+                if res:
+                    results[user_localpart] = res
+
+            return results
+
+        return self.runInteraction("get_presence_states", f)
+
     def set_presence_state(self, user_localpart, new_state):
-        return self._simple_update_one(
+        res = self._simple_update_one(
             table="presence",
             keyvalues={"user_id": user_localpart},
             updatevalues={"state": new_state["state"],
@@ -53,6 +77,9 @@ class PresenceStore(SQLBaseStore):
             desc="set_presence_state",
         )
 
+        self.get_presence_state.invalidate((user_localpart,))
+        return res
+
     def allow_presence_visible(self, observed_localpart, observer_userid):
         return self._simple_insert(
             table="presence_allow_inbound",
@@ -98,7 +125,7 @@ class PresenceStore(SQLBaseStore):
             updatevalues={"accepted": True},
             desc="set_presence_list_accepted",
         )
-        self.get_presence_list_accepted.invalidate(observer_localpart)
+        self.get_presence_list_accepted.invalidate((observer_localpart,))
         defer.returnValue(result)
 
     def get_presence_list(self, observer_localpart, accepted=None):
@@ -133,4 +160,4 @@ class PresenceStore(SQLBaseStore):
                        "observed_user_id": observed_userid},
             desc="del_presence_list",
         )
-        self.get_presence_list_accepted.invalidate(observer_localpart)
+        self.get_presence_list_accepted.invalidate((observer_localpart,))
diff --git a/synapse/storage/push_rule.py b/synapse/storage/push_rule.py
index 4cac118d17..5305b7e122 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/push_rule.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/push_rule.py
@@ -13,7 +13,8 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
-from ._base import SQLBaseStore, cached
+from ._base import SQLBaseStore
+from synapse.util.caches.descriptors import cachedInlineCallbacks
 from twisted.internet import defer
 
 import logging
@@ -23,8 +24,7 @@ logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
 class PushRuleStore(SQLBaseStore):
-    @cached()
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    @cachedInlineCallbacks()
     def get_push_rules_for_user(self, user_name):
         rows = yield self._simple_select_list(
             table=PushRuleTable.table_name,
@@ -41,8 +41,7 @@ class PushRuleStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
         defer.returnValue(rows)
 
-    @cached()
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    @cachedInlineCallbacks()
     def get_push_rules_enabled_for_user(self, user_name):
         results = yield self._simple_select_list(
             table=PushRuleEnableTable.table_name,
@@ -153,11 +152,11 @@ class PushRuleStore(SQLBaseStore):
             txn.execute(sql, (user_name, priority_class, new_rule_priority))
 
         txn.call_after(
-            self.get_push_rules_for_user.invalidate, user_name
+            self.get_push_rules_for_user.invalidate, (user_name,)
         )
 
         txn.call_after(
-            self.get_push_rules_enabled_for_user.invalidate, user_name
+            self.get_push_rules_enabled_for_user.invalidate, (user_name,)
         )
 
         self._simple_insert_txn(
@@ -189,10 +188,10 @@ class PushRuleStore(SQLBaseStore):
         new_rule['priority'] = new_prio
 
         txn.call_after(
-            self.get_push_rules_for_user.invalidate, user_name
+            self.get_push_rules_for_user.invalidate, (user_name,)
         )
         txn.call_after(
-            self.get_push_rules_enabled_for_user.invalidate, user_name
+            self.get_push_rules_enabled_for_user.invalidate, (user_name,)
         )
 
         self._simple_insert_txn(
@@ -218,8 +217,8 @@ class PushRuleStore(SQLBaseStore):
             desc="delete_push_rule",
         )
 
-        self.get_push_rules_for_user.invalidate(user_name)
-        self.get_push_rules_enabled_for_user.invalidate(user_name)
+        self.get_push_rules_for_user.invalidate((user_name,))
+        self.get_push_rules_enabled_for_user.invalidate((user_name,))
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def set_push_rule_enabled(self, user_name, rule_id, enabled):
@@ -240,10 +239,10 @@ class PushRuleStore(SQLBaseStore):
             {'id': new_id},
         )
         txn.call_after(
-            self.get_push_rules_for_user.invalidate, user_name
+            self.get_push_rules_for_user.invalidate, (user_name,)
         )
         txn.call_after(
-            self.get_push_rules_enabled_for_user.invalidate, user_name
+            self.get_push_rules_enabled_for_user.invalidate, (user_name,)
         )
 
 
diff --git a/synapse/storage/receipts.py b/synapse/storage/receipts.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a535063547
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/receipts.py
@@ -0,0 +1,406 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# Copyright 2014, 2015 OpenMarket Ltd
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+from ._base import SQLBaseStore
+from synapse.util.caches.descriptors import cachedInlineCallbacks, cachedList
+from synapse.util.caches import cache_counter, caches_by_name
+
+from twisted.internet import defer
+
+from blist import sorteddict
+import logging
+import ujson as json
+
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class ReceiptsStore(SQLBaseStore):
+    def __init__(self, hs):
+        super(ReceiptsStore, self).__init__(hs)
+
+        self._receipts_stream_cache = _RoomStreamChangeCache()
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def get_linearized_receipts_for_rooms(self, room_ids, to_key, from_key=None):
+        """Get receipts for multiple rooms for sending to clients.
+
+        Args:
+            room_ids (list): List of room_ids.
+            to_key (int): Max stream id to fetch receipts upto.
+            from_key (int): Min stream id to fetch receipts from. None fetches
+                from the start.
+
+        Returns:
+            list: A list of receipts.
+        """
+        room_ids = set(room_ids)
+
+        if from_key:
+            room_ids = yield self._receipts_stream_cache.get_rooms_changed(
+                self, room_ids, from_key
+            )
+
+        results = yield self._get_linearized_receipts_for_rooms(
+            room_ids, to_key, from_key=from_key
+        )
+
+        defer.returnValue([ev for res in results.values() for ev in res])
+
+    @cachedInlineCallbacks(num_args=3, max_entries=5000)
+    def get_linearized_receipts_for_room(self, room_id, to_key, from_key=None):
+        """Get receipts for a single room for sending to clients.
+
+        Args:
+            room_ids (str): The room id.
+            to_key (int): Max stream id to fetch receipts upto.
+            from_key (int): Min stream id to fetch receipts from. None fetches
+                from the start.
+
+        Returns:
+            list: A list of receipts.
+        """
+        def f(txn):
+            if from_key:
+                sql = (
+                    "SELECT * FROM receipts_linearized WHERE"
+                    " room_id = ? AND stream_id > ? AND stream_id <= ?"
+                )
+
+                txn.execute(
+                    sql,
+                    (room_id, from_key, to_key)
+                )
+            else:
+                sql = (
+                    "SELECT * FROM receipts_linearized WHERE"
+                    " room_id = ? AND stream_id <= ?"
+                )
+
+                txn.execute(
+                    sql,
+                    (room_id, to_key)
+                )
+
+            rows = self.cursor_to_dict(txn)
+
+            return rows
+
+        rows = yield self.runInteraction(
+            "get_linearized_receipts_for_room", f
+        )
+
+        if not rows:
+            defer.returnValue([])
+
+        content = {}
+        for row in rows:
+            content.setdefault(
+                row["event_id"], {}
+            ).setdefault(
+                row["receipt_type"], {}
+            )[row["user_id"]] = json.loads(row["data"])
+
+        defer.returnValue([{
+            "type": "m.receipt",
+            "room_id": room_id,
+            "content": content,
+        }])
+
+    @cachedList(cache=get_linearized_receipts_for_room.cache, list_name="room_ids",
+                num_args=3, inlineCallbacks=True)
+    def _get_linearized_receipts_for_rooms(self, room_ids, to_key, from_key=None):
+        if not room_ids:
+            defer.returnValue({})
+
+        def f(txn):
+            if from_key:
+                sql = (
+                    "SELECT * FROM receipts_linearized WHERE"
+                    " room_id IN (%s) AND stream_id > ? AND stream_id <= ?"
+                ) % (
+                    ",".join(["?"] * len(room_ids))
+                )
+                args = list(room_ids)
+                args.extend([from_key, to_key])
+
+                txn.execute(sql, args)
+            else:
+                sql = (
+                    "SELECT * FROM receipts_linearized WHERE"
+                    " room_id IN (%s) AND stream_id <= ?"
+                ) % (
+                    ",".join(["?"] * len(room_ids))
+                )
+
+                args = list(room_ids)
+                args.append(to_key)
+
+                txn.execute(sql, args)
+
+            return self.cursor_to_dict(txn)
+
+        txn_results = yield self.runInteraction(
+            "_get_linearized_receipts_for_rooms", f
+        )
+
+        results = {}
+        for row in txn_results:
+            # We want a single event per room, since we want to batch the
+            # receipts by room, event and type.
+            room_event = results.setdefault(row["room_id"], {
+                "type": "m.receipt",
+                "room_id": row["room_id"],
+                "content": {},
+            })
+
+            # The content is of the form:
+            # {"$foo:bar": { "read": { "@user:host": <receipt> }, .. }, .. }
+            event_entry = room_event["content"].setdefault(row["event_id"], {})
+            receipt_type = event_entry.setdefault(row["receipt_type"], {})
+
+            receipt_type[row["user_id"]] = json.loads(row["data"])
+
+        results = {
+            room_id: [results[room_id]] if room_id in results else []
+            for room_id in room_ids
+        }
+        defer.returnValue(results)
+
+    def get_max_receipt_stream_id(self):
+        return self._receipts_id_gen.get_max_token(self)
+
+    @cachedInlineCallbacks()
+    def get_graph_receipts_for_room(self, room_id):
+        """Get receipts for sending to remote servers.
+        """
+        rows = yield self._simple_select_list(
+            table="receipts_graph",
+            keyvalues={"room_id": room_id},
+            retcols=["receipt_type", "user_id", "event_id"],
+            desc="get_linearized_receipts_for_room",
+        )
+
+        result = {}
+        for row in rows:
+            result.setdefault(
+                row["user_id"], {}
+            ).setdefault(
+                row["receipt_type"], []
+            ).append(row["event_id"])
+
+        defer.returnValue(result)
+
+    def insert_linearized_receipt_txn(self, txn, room_id, receipt_type,
+                                      user_id, event_id, data, stream_id):
+
+        # We don't want to clobber receipts for more recent events, so we
+        # have to compare orderings of existing receipts
+        sql = (
+            "SELECT topological_ordering, stream_ordering, event_id FROM events"
+            " INNER JOIN receipts_linearized as r USING (event_id, room_id)"
+            " WHERE r.room_id = ? AND r.receipt_type = ? AND r.user_id = ?"
+        )
+
+        txn.execute(sql, (room_id, receipt_type, user_id))
+        results = txn.fetchall()
+
+        if results:
+            res = self._simple_select_one_txn(
+                txn,
+                table="events",
+                retcols=["topological_ordering", "stream_ordering"],
+                keyvalues={"event_id": event_id},
+            )
+            topological_ordering = int(res["topological_ordering"])
+            stream_ordering = int(res["stream_ordering"])
+
+            for to, so, _ in results:
+                if int(to) > topological_ordering:
+                    return False
+                elif int(to) == topological_ordering and int(so) >= stream_ordering:
+                    return False
+
+        self._simple_delete_txn(
+            txn,
+            table="receipts_linearized",
+            keyvalues={
+                "room_id": room_id,
+                "receipt_type": receipt_type,
+                "user_id": user_id,
+            }
+        )
+
+        self._simple_insert_txn(
+            txn,
+            table="receipts_linearized",
+            values={
+                "stream_id": stream_id,
+                "room_id": room_id,
+                "receipt_type": receipt_type,
+                "user_id": user_id,
+                "event_id": event_id,
+                "data": json.dumps(data),
+            }
+        )
+
+        return True
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def insert_receipt(self, room_id, receipt_type, user_id, event_ids, data):
+        """Insert a receipt, either from local client or remote server.
+
+        Automatically does conversion between linearized and graph
+        representations.
+        """
+        if not event_ids:
+            return
+
+        if len(event_ids) == 1:
+            linearized_event_id = event_ids[0]
+        else:
+            # we need to points in graph -> linearized form.
+            # TODO: Make this better.
+            def graph_to_linear(txn):
+                query = (
+                    "SELECT event_id WHERE room_id = ? AND stream_ordering IN ("
+                    " SELECT max(stream_ordering) WHERE event_id IN (%s)"
+                    ")"
+                ) % (",".join(["?"] * len(event_ids)))
+
+                txn.execute(query, [room_id] + event_ids)
+                rows = txn.fetchall()
+                if rows:
+                    return rows[0][0]
+                else:
+                    raise RuntimeError("Unrecognized event_ids: %r" % (event_ids,))
+
+            linearized_event_id = yield self.runInteraction(
+                "insert_receipt_conv", graph_to_linear
+            )
+
+        stream_id_manager = yield self._receipts_id_gen.get_next(self)
+        with stream_id_manager as stream_id:
+            yield self._receipts_stream_cache.room_has_changed(
+                self, room_id, stream_id
+            )
+            have_persisted = yield self.runInteraction(
+                "insert_linearized_receipt",
+                self.insert_linearized_receipt_txn,
+                room_id, receipt_type, user_id, linearized_event_id,
+                data,
+                stream_id=stream_id,
+            )
+
+            if not have_persisted:
+                defer.returnValue(None)
+
+        yield self.insert_graph_receipt(
+            room_id, receipt_type, user_id, event_ids, data
+        )
+
+        max_persisted_id = yield self._stream_id_gen.get_max_token(self)
+        defer.returnValue((stream_id, max_persisted_id))
+
+    def insert_graph_receipt(self, room_id, receipt_type, user_id, event_ids,
+                             data):
+        return self.runInteraction(
+            "insert_graph_receipt",
+            self.insert_graph_receipt_txn,
+            room_id, receipt_type, user_id, event_ids, data
+        )
+
+    def insert_graph_receipt_txn(self, txn, room_id, receipt_type,
+                                 user_id, event_ids, data):
+        self._simple_delete_txn(
+            txn,
+            table="receipts_graph",
+            keyvalues={
+                "room_id": room_id,
+                "receipt_type": receipt_type,
+                "user_id": user_id,
+            }
+        )
+        self._simple_insert_txn(
+            txn,
+            table="receipts_graph",
+            values={
+                "room_id": room_id,
+                "receipt_type": receipt_type,
+                "user_id": user_id,
+                "event_ids": json.dumps(event_ids),
+                "data": json.dumps(data),
+            }
+        )
+
+
+class _RoomStreamChangeCache(object):
+    """Keeps track of the stream_id of the latest change in rooms.
+
+    Given a list of rooms and stream key, it will give a subset of rooms that
+    may have changed since that key. If the key is too old then the cache
+    will simply return all rooms.
+    """
+    def __init__(self, size_of_cache=10000):
+        self._size_of_cache = size_of_cache
+        self._room_to_key = {}
+        self._cache = sorteddict()
+        self._earliest_key = None
+        self.name = "ReceiptsRoomChangeCache"
+        caches_by_name[self.name] = self._cache
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def get_rooms_changed(self, store, room_ids, key):
+        """Returns subset of room ids that have had new receipts since the
+        given key. If the key is too old it will just return the given list.
+        """
+        if key > (yield self._get_earliest_key(store)):
+            keys = self._cache.keys()
+            i = keys.bisect_right(key)
+
+            result = set(
+                self._cache[k] for k in keys[i:]
+            ).intersection(room_ids)
+
+            cache_counter.inc_hits(self.name)
+        else:
+            result = room_ids
+            cache_counter.inc_misses(self.name)
+
+        defer.returnValue(result)
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def room_has_changed(self, store, room_id, key):
+        """Informs the cache that the room has been changed at the given key.
+        """
+        if key > (yield self._get_earliest_key(store)):
+            old_key = self._room_to_key.get(room_id, None)
+            if old_key:
+                key = max(key, old_key)
+                self._cache.pop(old_key, None)
+            self._cache[key] = room_id
+
+            while len(self._cache) > self._size_of_cache:
+                k, r = self._cache.popitem()
+                self._earliest_key = max(k, self._earliest_key)
+                self._room_to_key.pop(r, None)
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def _get_earliest_key(self, store):
+        if self._earliest_key is None:
+            self._earliest_key = yield store.get_max_receipt_stream_id()
+            self._earliest_key = int(self._earliest_key)
+
+        defer.returnValue(self._earliest_key)
diff --git a/synapse/storage/registration.py b/synapse/storage/registration.py
index 90e2606be2..586628579d 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/registration.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/registration.py
@@ -17,7 +17,8 @@ from twisted.internet import defer
 
 from synapse.api.errors import StoreError, Codes
 
-from ._base import SQLBaseStore, cached
+from ._base import SQLBaseStore
+from synapse.util.caches.descriptors import cached
 
 
 class RegistrationStore(SQLBaseStore):
@@ -97,6 +98,20 @@ class RegistrationStore(SQLBaseStore):
             allow_none=True,
         )
 
+    def get_users_by_id_case_insensitive(self, user_id):
+        """Gets users that match user_id case insensitively.
+        Returns a mapping of user_id -> password_hash.
+        """
+        def f(txn):
+            sql = (
+                "SELECT name, password_hash FROM users"
+                " WHERE lower(name) = lower(?)"
+            )
+            txn.execute(sql, (user_id,))
+            return dict(txn.fetchall())
+
+        return self.runInteraction("get_users_by_id_case_insensitive", f)
+
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def user_set_password_hash(self, user_id, password_hash):
         """
@@ -111,16 +126,16 @@ class RegistrationStore(SQLBaseStore):
         })
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def user_delete_access_tokens_apart_from(self, user_id, token_id):
+    def user_delete_access_tokens(self, user_id):
         yield self.runInteraction(
-            "user_delete_access_tokens_apart_from",
-            self._user_delete_access_tokens_apart_from, user_id, token_id
+            "user_delete_access_tokens",
+            self._user_delete_access_tokens, user_id
         )
 
-    def _user_delete_access_tokens_apart_from(self, txn, user_id, token_id):
+    def _user_delete_access_tokens(self, txn, user_id):
         txn.execute(
-            "DELETE FROM access_tokens WHERE user_id = ? AND id != ?",
-            (user_id, token_id)
+            "DELETE FROM access_tokens WHERE user_id = ?",
+            (user_id, )
         )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -131,7 +146,7 @@ class RegistrationStore(SQLBaseStore):
             user_id
         )
         for r in rows:
-            self.get_user_by_token.invalidate(r)
+            self.get_user_by_token.invalidate((r,))
 
     @cached()
     def get_user_by_token(self, token):
diff --git a/synapse/storage/room.py b/synapse/storage/room.py
index 4612a8aa83..5e07b7e0e5 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/room.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/room.py
@@ -17,7 +17,8 @@ from twisted.internet import defer
 
 from synapse.api.errors import StoreError
 
-from ._base import SQLBaseStore, cached
+from ._base import SQLBaseStore
+from synapse.util.caches.descriptors import cachedInlineCallbacks
 
 import collections
 import logging
@@ -186,8 +187,7 @@ class RoomStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 }
             )
 
-    @cached()
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    @cachedInlineCallbacks()
     def get_room_name_and_aliases(self, room_id):
         def f(txn):
             sql = (
diff --git a/synapse/storage/roommember.py b/synapse/storage/roommember.py
index d36a6c18a8..8eee2dfbcc 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/roommember.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/roommember.py
@@ -17,7 +17,8 @@ from twisted.internet import defer
 
 from collections import namedtuple
 
-from ._base import SQLBaseStore, cached
+from ._base import SQLBaseStore
+from synapse.util.caches.descriptors import cached
 
 from synapse.api.constants import Membership
 from synapse.types import UserID
@@ -35,38 +36,28 @@ RoomsForUser = namedtuple(
 
 class RoomMemberStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
-    def _store_room_member_txn(self, txn, event):
+    def _store_room_members_txn(self, txn, events):
         """Store a room member in the database.
         """
-        try:
-            target_user_id = event.state_key
-        except:
-            logger.exception(
-                "Failed to parse target_user_id=%s", target_user_id
-            )
-            raise
-
-        logger.debug(
-            "_store_room_member_txn: target_user_id=%s, membership=%s",
-            target_user_id,
-            event.membership,
-        )
-
-        self._simple_insert_txn(
+        self._simple_insert_many_txn(
             txn,
-            "room_memberships",
-            {
-                "event_id": event.event_id,
-                "user_id": target_user_id,
-                "sender": event.user_id,
-                "room_id": event.room_id,
-                "membership": event.membership,
-            }
+            table="room_memberships",
+            values=[
+                {
+                    "event_id": event.event_id,
+                    "user_id": event.state_key,
+                    "sender": event.user_id,
+                    "room_id": event.room_id,
+                    "membership": event.membership,
+                }
+                for event in events
+            ]
         )
 
-        txn.call_after(self.get_rooms_for_user.invalidate, target_user_id)
-        txn.call_after(self.get_joined_hosts_for_room.invalidate, event.room_id)
-        txn.call_after(self.get_users_in_room.invalidate, event.room_id)
+        for event in events:
+            txn.call_after(self.get_rooms_for_user.invalidate, (event.state_key,))
+            txn.call_after(self.get_joined_hosts_for_room.invalidate, (event.room_id,))
+            txn.call_after(self.get_users_in_room.invalidate, (event.room_id,))
 
     def get_room_member(self, user_id, room_id):
         """Retrieve the current state of a room member.
@@ -88,7 +79,7 @@ class RoomMemberStore(SQLBaseStore):
             lambda events: events[0] if events else None
         )
 
-    @cached()
+    @cached(max_entries=5000)
     def get_users_in_room(self, room_id):
         def f(txn):
 
@@ -164,7 +155,7 @@ class RoomMemberStore(SQLBaseStore):
             RoomsForUser(**r) for r in self.cursor_to_dict(txn)
         ]
 
-    @cached()
+    @cached(max_entries=5000)
     def get_joined_hosts_for_room(self, room_id):
         return self.runInteraction(
             "get_joined_hosts_for_room",
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/21/end_to_end_keys.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/21/end_to_end_keys.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8b4a380d11
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/21/end_to_end_keys.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+/* Copyright 2015 OpenMarket Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS e2e_device_keys_json (
+    user_id TEXT NOT NULL, -- The user these keys are for.
+    device_id TEXT NOT NULL, -- Which of the user's devices these keys are for.
+    ts_added_ms BIGINT NOT NULL, -- When the keys were uploaded.
+    key_json TEXT NOT NULL, -- The keys for the device as a JSON blob.
+    CONSTRAINT e2e_device_keys_json_uniqueness UNIQUE (user_id, device_id)
+);
+
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS e2e_one_time_keys_json (
+    user_id TEXT NOT NULL, -- The user this one-time key is for.
+    device_id TEXT NOT NULL, -- The device this one-time key is for.
+    algorithm TEXT NOT NULL, -- Which algorithm this one-time key is for.
+    key_id TEXT NOT NULL, -- An id for suppressing duplicate uploads.
+    ts_added_ms BIGINT NOT NULL, -- When this key was uploaded.
+    key_json TEXT NOT NULL, -- The key as a JSON blob.
+    CONSTRAINT e2e_one_time_keys_json_uniqueness UNIQUE (user_id, device_id, algorithm, key_id)
+);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/21/receipts.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/21/receipts.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2f64d609fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/21/receipts.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+/* Copyright 2015 OpenMarket Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS receipts_graph(
+    room_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    receipt_type TEXT NOT NULL,
+    user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    event_ids TEXT NOT NULL,
+    data TEXT NOT NULL,
+    CONSTRAINT receipts_graph_uniqueness UNIQUE (room_id, receipt_type, user_id)
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS receipts_linearized (
+    stream_id BIGINT NOT NULL,
+    room_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    receipt_type TEXT NOT NULL,
+    user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    event_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    data TEXT NOT NULL,
+    CONSTRAINT receipts_linearized_uniqueness UNIQUE (room_id, receipt_type, user_id)
+);
+
+CREATE INDEX receipts_linearized_id ON receipts_linearized(
+  stream_id
+);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/22/receipts_index.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/22/receipts_index.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b182b2b661
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/22/receipts_index.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+/* Copyright 2015 OpenMarket Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+CREATE INDEX receipts_linearized_room_stream ON receipts_linearized(
+    room_id, stream_id
+);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/22/user_threepids_unique.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/22/user_threepids_unique.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..87edfa454c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/22/user_threepids_unique.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS user_threepids2 (
+    user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    medium TEXT NOT NULL,
+    address TEXT NOT NULL,
+    validated_at BIGINT NOT NULL,
+    added_at BIGINT NOT NULL,
+    CONSTRAINT medium_address UNIQUE (medium, address)
+);
+
+INSERT INTO user_threepids2
+	SELECT * FROM user_threepids WHERE added_at IN (
+		SELECT max(added_at) FROM user_threepids GROUP BY medium, address
+	)
+;
+
+DROP TABLE user_threepids;
+ALTER TABLE user_threepids2 RENAME TO user_threepids;
+
+CREATE INDEX user_threepids_user_id ON user_threepids(user_id);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/signatures.py b/synapse/storage/signatures.py
index f051828630..4f15e534b4 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/signatures.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/signatures.py
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ from twisted.internet import defer
 from _base import SQLBaseStore
 
 from syutil.base64util import encode_base64
+from synapse.crypto.event_signing import compute_event_reference_hash
 
 
 class SignatureStore(SQLBaseStore):
@@ -101,23 +102,26 @@ class SignatureStore(SQLBaseStore):
         txn.execute(query, (event_id, ))
         return {k: v for k, v in txn.fetchall()}
 
-    def _store_event_reference_hash_txn(self, txn, event_id, algorithm,
-                                        hash_bytes):
+    def _store_event_reference_hashes_txn(self, txn, events):
         """Store a hash for a PDU
         Args:
             txn (cursor):
-            event_id (str): Id for the Event.
-            algorithm (str): Hashing algorithm.
-            hash_bytes (bytes): Hash function output bytes.
+            events (list): list of Events.
         """
-        self._simple_insert_txn(
+
+        vals = []
+        for event in events:
+            ref_alg, ref_hash_bytes = compute_event_reference_hash(event)
+            vals.append({
+                "event_id": event.event_id,
+                "algorithm": ref_alg,
+                "hash": buffer(ref_hash_bytes),
+            })
+
+        self._simple_insert_many_txn(
             txn,
-            "event_reference_hashes",
-            {
-                "event_id": event_id,
-                "algorithm": algorithm,
-                "hash": buffer(hash_bytes),
-            },
+            table="event_reference_hashes",
+            values=vals,
         )
 
     def _get_event_signatures_txn(self, txn, event_id):
diff --git a/synapse/storage/state.py b/synapse/storage/state.py
index f2b17f29ea..9630efcfcc 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/state.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/state.py
@@ -13,7 +13,10 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
-from ._base import SQLBaseStore, cached
+from ._base import SQLBaseStore
+from synapse.util.caches.descriptors import (
+    cached, cachedInlineCallbacks, cachedList
+)
 
 from twisted.internet import defer
 
@@ -44,72 +47,44 @@ class StateStore(SQLBaseStore):
     """
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def get_state_groups(self, event_ids):
+    def get_state_groups(self, room_id, event_ids):
         """ Get the state groups for the given list of event_ids
 
         The return value is a dict mapping group names to lists of events.
         """
+        if not event_ids:
+            defer.returnValue({})
 
-        def f(txn):
-            groups = set()
-            for event_id in event_ids:
-                group = self._simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
-                    txn,
-                    table="event_to_state_groups",
-                    keyvalues={"event_id": event_id},
-                    retcol="state_group",
-                    allow_none=True,
-                )
-                if group:
-                    groups.add(group)
-
-            res = {}
-            for group in groups:
-                state_ids = self._simple_select_onecol_txn(
-                    txn,
-                    table="state_groups_state",
-                    keyvalues={"state_group": group},
-                    retcol="event_id",
-                )
-
-                res[group] = state_ids
-
-            return res
-
-        states = yield self.runInteraction(
-            "get_state_groups",
-            f,
+        event_to_groups = yield self._get_state_group_for_events(
+            room_id, event_ids,
         )
 
-        state_list = yield defer.gatherResults(
-            [
-                self._fetch_events_for_group(group, vals)
-                for group, vals in states.items()
-            ],
-            consumeErrors=True,
-        )
+        groups = set(event_to_groups.values())
+        group_to_state = yield self._get_state_for_groups(groups)
 
-        defer.returnValue(dict(state_list))
-
-    @cached(num_args=1)
-    def _fetch_events_for_group(self, state_group, events):
-        return self._get_events(
-            events, get_prev_content=False
-        ).addCallback(
-            lambda evs: (state_group, evs)
-        )
+        defer.returnValue({
+            group: state_map.values()
+            for group, state_map in group_to_state.items()
+        })
 
     def _store_state_groups_txn(self, txn, event, context):
-        if context.current_state is None:
-            return
+        return self._store_mult_state_groups_txn(txn, [(event, context)])
+
+    def _store_mult_state_groups_txn(self, txn, events_and_contexts):
+        state_groups = {}
+        for event, context in events_and_contexts:
+            if context.current_state is None:
+                continue
+
+            if context.state_group is not None:
+                state_groups[event.event_id] = context.state_group
+                continue
 
-        state_events = dict(context.current_state)
+            state_events = dict(context.current_state)
 
-        if event.is_state():
-            state_events[(event.type, event.state_key)] = event
+            if event.is_state():
+                state_events[(event.type, event.state_key)] = event
 
-        state_group = context.state_group
-        if not state_group:
             state_group = self._state_groups_id_gen.get_next_txn(txn)
             self._simple_insert_txn(
                 txn,
@@ -135,14 +110,19 @@ class StateStore(SQLBaseStore):
                     for state in state_events.values()
                 ],
             )
+            state_groups[event.event_id] = state_group
 
-        self._simple_insert_txn(
+        self._simple_insert_many_txn(
             txn,
             table="event_to_state_groups",
-            values={
-                "state_group": state_group,
-                "event_id": event.event_id,
-            },
+            values=[
+                {
+                    "state_group": state_groups[event.event_id],
+                    "event_id": event.event_id,
+                }
+                for event, context in events_and_contexts
+                if context.current_state is not None
+            ],
         )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -177,8 +157,7 @@ class StateStore(SQLBaseStore):
         events = yield self._get_events(event_ids, get_prev_content=False)
         defer.returnValue(events)
 
-    @cached(num_args=3)
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    @cachedInlineCallbacks(num_args=3)
     def get_current_state_for_key(self, room_id, event_type, state_key):
         def f(txn):
             sql = (
@@ -194,6 +173,262 @@ class StateStore(SQLBaseStore):
         events = yield self._get_events(event_ids, get_prev_content=False)
         defer.returnValue(events)
 
+    def _get_state_groups_from_groups(self, groups_and_types):
+        """Returns dictionary state_group -> state event ids
+
+        Args:
+            groups_and_types (list): list of 2-tuple (`group`, `types`)
+        """
+        def f(txn):
+            results = {}
+            for group, types in groups_and_types:
+                if types is not None:
+                    where_clause = "AND (%s)" % (
+                        " OR ".join(["(type = ? AND state_key = ?)"] * len(types)),
+                    )
+                else:
+                    where_clause = ""
+
+                sql = (
+                    "SELECT event_id FROM state_groups_state WHERE"
+                    " state_group = ? %s"
+                ) % (where_clause,)
+
+                args = [group]
+                if types is not None:
+                    args.extend([i for typ in types for i in typ])
+
+                txn.execute(sql, args)
+
+                results[group] = [r[0] for r in txn.fetchall()]
+
+            return results
+
+        return self.runInteraction(
+            "_get_state_groups_from_groups",
+            f,
+        )
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def get_state_for_events(self, room_id, event_ids, types):
+        """Given a list of event_ids and type tuples, return a list of state
+        dicts for each event. The state dicts will only have the type/state_keys
+        that are in the `types` list.
+
+        Args:
+            room_id (str)
+            event_ids (list)
+            types (list): List of (type, state_key) tuples which are used to
+                filter the state fetched. `state_key` may be None, which matches
+                any `state_key`
+
+        Returns:
+            deferred: A list of dicts corresponding to the event_ids given.
+            The dicts are mappings from (type, state_key) -> state_events
+        """
+        event_to_groups = yield self._get_state_group_for_events(
+            room_id, event_ids,
+        )
+
+        groups = set(event_to_groups.values())
+        group_to_state = yield self._get_state_for_groups(groups, types)
+
+        event_to_state = {
+            event_id: group_to_state[group]
+            for event_id, group in event_to_groups.items()
+        }
+
+        defer.returnValue({event: event_to_state[event] for event in event_ids})
+
+    @cached(num_args=2, lru=True, max_entries=10000)
+    def _get_state_group_for_event(self, room_id, event_id):
+        return self._simple_select_one_onecol(
+            table="event_to_state_groups",
+            keyvalues={
+                "event_id": event_id,
+            },
+            retcol="state_group",
+            allow_none=True,
+            desc="_get_state_group_for_event",
+        )
+
+    @cachedList(cache=_get_state_group_for_event.cache, list_name="event_ids",
+                num_args=2)
+    def _get_state_group_for_events(self, room_id, event_ids):
+        """Returns mapping event_id -> state_group
+        """
+        def f(txn):
+            results = {}
+            for event_id in event_ids:
+                results[event_id] = self._simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
+                    txn,
+                    table="event_to_state_groups",
+                    keyvalues={
+                        "event_id": event_id,
+                    },
+                    retcol="state_group",
+                    allow_none=True,
+                )
+
+            return results
+
+        return self.runInteraction("_get_state_group_for_events", f)
+
+    def _get_some_state_from_cache(self, group, types):
+        """Checks if group is in cache. See `_get_state_for_groups`
+
+        Returns 3-tuple (`state_dict`, `missing_types`, `got_all`).
+        `missing_types` is the list of types that aren't in the cache for that
+        group. `got_all` is a bool indicating if we successfully retrieved all
+        requests state from the cache, if False we need to query the DB for the
+        missing state.
+
+        Args:
+            group: The state group to lookup
+            types (list): List of 2-tuples of the form (`type`, `state_key`),
+                where a `state_key` of `None` matches all state_keys for the
+                `type`.
+        """
+        is_all, state_dict = self._state_group_cache.get(group)
+
+        type_to_key = {}
+        missing_types = set()
+        for typ, state_key in types:
+            if state_key is None:
+                type_to_key[typ] = None
+                missing_types.add((typ, state_key))
+            else:
+                if type_to_key.get(typ, object()) is not None:
+                    type_to_key.setdefault(typ, set()).add(state_key)
+
+                if (typ, state_key) not in state_dict:
+                    missing_types.add((typ, state_key))
+
+        sentinel = object()
+
+        def include(typ, state_key):
+            valid_state_keys = type_to_key.get(typ, sentinel)
+            if valid_state_keys is sentinel:
+                return False
+            if valid_state_keys is None:
+                return True
+            if state_key in valid_state_keys:
+                return True
+            return False
+
+        got_all = not (missing_types or types is None)
+
+        return {
+            k: v for k, v in state_dict.items()
+            if include(k[0], k[1])
+        }, missing_types, got_all
+
+    def _get_all_state_from_cache(self, group):
+        """Checks if group is in cache. See `_get_state_for_groups`
+
+        Returns 2-tuple (`state_dict`, `got_all`). `got_all` is a bool
+        indicating if we successfully retrieved all requests state from the
+        cache, if False we need to query the DB for the missing state.
+
+        Args:
+            group: The state group to lookup
+        """
+        is_all, state_dict = self._state_group_cache.get(group)
+        return state_dict, is_all
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def _get_state_for_groups(self, groups, types=None):
+        """Given list of groups returns dict of group -> list of state events
+        with matching types. `types` is a list of `(type, state_key)`, where
+        a `state_key` of None matches all state_keys. If `types` is None then
+        all events are returned.
+        """
+        results = {}
+        missing_groups_and_types = []
+        if types is not None:
+            for group in set(groups):
+                state_dict, missing_types, got_all = self._get_some_state_from_cache(
+                    group, types
+                )
+                results[group] = state_dict
+
+                if not got_all:
+                    missing_groups_and_types.append((group, missing_types))
+        else:
+            for group in set(groups):
+                state_dict, got_all = self._get_all_state_from_cache(
+                    group
+                )
+                results[group] = state_dict
+
+                if not got_all:
+                    missing_groups_and_types.append((group, None))
+
+        if not missing_groups_and_types:
+            defer.returnValue({
+                group: {
+                    type_tuple: event
+                    for type_tuple, event in state.items()
+                    if event
+                }
+                for group, state in results.items()
+            })
+
+        # Okay, so we have some missing_types, lets fetch them.
+        cache_seq_num = self._state_group_cache.sequence
+
+        group_state_dict = yield self._get_state_groups_from_groups(
+            missing_groups_and_types
+        )
+
+        state_events = yield self._get_events(
+            [e_id for l in group_state_dict.values() for e_id in l],
+            get_prev_content=False
+        )
+
+        state_events = {e.event_id: e for e in state_events}
+
+        # Now we want to update the cache with all the things we fetched
+        # from the database.
+        for group, state_ids in group_state_dict.items():
+            if types:
+                # We delibrately put key -> None mappings into the cache to
+                # cache absence of the key, on the assumption that if we've
+                # explicitly asked for some types then we will probably ask
+                # for them again.
+                state_dict = {key: None for key in types}
+                state_dict.update(results[group])
+                results[group] = state_dict
+            else:
+                state_dict = results[group]
+
+            for event_id in state_ids:
+                try:
+                    state_event = state_events[event_id]
+                    state_dict[(state_event.type, state_event.state_key)] = state_event
+                except KeyError:
+                    # Hmm. So we do don't have that state event? Interesting.
+                    logger.warn(
+                        "Can't find state event %r for state group %r",
+                        event_id, group,
+                    )
+
+            self._state_group_cache.update(
+                cache_seq_num,
+                key=group,
+                value=state_dict,
+                full=(types is None),
+            )
+
+        # Remove all the entries with None values. The None values were just
+        # used for bookkeeping in the cache.
+        for group, state_dict in results.items():
+            results[group] = {
+                key: event for key, event in state_dict.items() if event
+            }
+
+        defer.returnValue(results)
+
 
 def _make_group_id(clock):
     return str(int(clock.time_msec())) + random_string(5)
diff --git a/synapse/storage/stream.py b/synapse/storage/stream.py
index af45fc5619..d7fe423f5a 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/stream.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/stream.py
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ what sort order was used:
 from twisted.internet import defer
 
 from ._base import SQLBaseStore
+from synapse.util.caches.descriptors import cachedInlineCallbacks
 from synapse.api.constants import EventTypes
 from synapse.types import RoomStreamToken
 from synapse.util.logutils import log_function
@@ -299,9 +300,8 @@ class StreamStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
         defer.returnValue((events, token))
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def get_recent_events_for_room(self, room_id, limit, end_token,
-                                   with_feedback=False, from_token=None):
+    @cachedInlineCallbacks(num_args=4)
+    def get_recent_events_for_room(self, room_id, limit, end_token, from_token=None):
         # TODO (erikj): Handle compressed feedback
 
         end_token = RoomStreamToken.parse_stream_token(end_token)
diff --git a/synapse/storage/transactions.py b/synapse/storage/transactions.py
index 624da4a9dc..c8c7e6591a 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/transactions.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/transactions.py
@@ -13,7 +13,8 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
-from ._base import SQLBaseStore, cached
+from ._base import SQLBaseStore
+from synapse.util.caches.descriptors import cached
 
 from collections import namedtuple
 
diff --git a/synapse/storage/util/id_generators.py b/synapse/storage/util/id_generators.py
index 89d1643f10..e956df62c7 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/util/id_generators.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/util/id_generators.py
@@ -72,7 +72,10 @@ class StreamIdGenerator(object):
         with stream_id_gen.get_next_txn(txn) as stream_id:
             # ... persist event ...
     """
-    def __init__(self):
+    def __init__(self, table, column):
+        self.table = table
+        self.column = column
+
         self._lock = threading.Lock()
 
         self._current_max = None
@@ -108,6 +111,37 @@ class StreamIdGenerator(object):
         defer.returnValue(manager())
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def get_next_mult(self, store, n):
+        """
+        Usage:
+            with yield stream_id_gen.get_next(store, n) as stream_ids:
+                # ... persist events ...
+        """
+        if not self._current_max:
+            yield store.runInteraction(
+                "_compute_current_max",
+                self._get_or_compute_current_max,
+            )
+
+        with self._lock:
+            next_ids = range(self._current_max + 1, self._current_max + n + 1)
+            self._current_max += n
+
+            for next_id in next_ids:
+                self._unfinished_ids.append(next_id)
+
+        @contextlib.contextmanager
+        def manager():
+            try:
+                yield next_ids
+            finally:
+                with self._lock:
+                    for next_id in next_ids:
+                        self._unfinished_ids.remove(next_id)
+
+        defer.returnValue(manager())
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_max_token(self, store):
         """Returns the maximum stream id such that all stream ids less than or
         equal to it have been successfully persisted.
@@ -126,7 +160,7 @@ class StreamIdGenerator(object):
 
     def _get_or_compute_current_max(self, txn):
         with self._lock:
-            txn.execute("SELECT MAX(stream_ordering) FROM events")
+            txn.execute("SELECT MAX(%s) FROM %s" % (self.column, self.table))
             rows = txn.fetchall()
             val, = rows[0]
 
diff --git a/synapse/streams/events.py b/synapse/streams/events.py
index dff7970bea..aaa3609aa5 100644
--- a/synapse/streams/events.py
+++ b/synapse/streams/events.py
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ from synapse.types import StreamToken
 from synapse.handlers.presence import PresenceEventSource
 from synapse.handlers.room import RoomEventSource
 from synapse.handlers.typing import TypingNotificationEventSource
+from synapse.handlers.receipts import ReceiptEventSource
 
 
 class NullSource(object):
@@ -43,6 +44,7 @@ class EventSources(object):
         "room": RoomEventSource,
         "presence": PresenceEventSource,
         "typing": TypingNotificationEventSource,
+        "receipt": ReceiptEventSource,
     }
 
     def __init__(self, hs):
@@ -62,7 +64,10 @@ class EventSources(object):
             ),
             typing_key=(
                 yield self.sources["typing"].get_current_key()
-            )
+            ),
+            receipt_key=(
+                yield self.sources["receipt"].get_current_key()
+            ),
         )
         defer.returnValue(token)
 
diff --git a/synapse/types.py b/synapse/types.py
index 1b21160c57..e190374cbd 100644
--- a/synapse/types.py
+++ b/synapse/types.py
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ class EventID(DomainSpecificString):
 class StreamToken(
     namedtuple(
         "Token",
-        ("room_key", "presence_key", "typing_key")
+        ("room_key", "presence_key", "typing_key", "receipt_key")
     )
 ):
     _SEPARATOR = "_"
@@ -109,6 +109,9 @@ class StreamToken(
     def from_string(cls, string):
         try:
             keys = string.split(cls._SEPARATOR)
+            if len(keys) == len(cls._fields) - 1:
+                # i.e. old token from before receipt_key
+                keys.append("0")
             return cls(*keys)
         except:
             raise SynapseError(400, "Invalid Token")
@@ -131,6 +134,7 @@ class StreamToken(
             (other_token.room_stream_id < self.room_stream_id)
             or (int(other_token.presence_key) < int(self.presence_key))
             or (int(other_token.typing_key) < int(self.typing_key))
+            or (int(other_token.receipt_key) < int(self.receipt_key))
         )
 
     def copy_and_advance(self, key, new_value):
@@ -174,7 +178,7 @@ class RoomStreamToken(namedtuple("_StreamToken", "topological stream")):
 
     Live tokens start with an "s" followed by the "stream_ordering" id of the
     event it comes after. Historic tokens start with a "t" followed by the
-    "topological_ordering" id of the event it comes after, follewed by "-",
+    "topological_ordering" id of the event it comes after, followed by "-",
     followed by the "stream_ordering" id of the event it comes after.
     """
     __slots__ = []
@@ -207,4 +211,5 @@ class RoomStreamToken(namedtuple("_StreamToken", "topological stream")):
             return "s%d" % (self.stream,)
 
 
+# token_id is the primary key ID of the access token, not the access token itself.
 ClientInfo = namedtuple("ClientInfo", ("device_id", "token_id"))
diff --git a/synapse/util/async.py b/synapse/util/async.py
index 5a1d545c96..7bf2d38bb8 100644
--- a/synapse/util/async.py
+++ b/synapse/util/async.py
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ class ObservableDeferred(object):
         object.__setattr__(self, "_observers", set())
 
         def callback(r):
-            self._result = (True, r)
+            object.__setattr__(self, "_result", (True, r))
             while self._observers:
                 try:
                     self._observers.pop().callback(r)
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ class ObservableDeferred(object):
             return r
 
         def errback(f):
-            self._result = (False, f)
+            object.__setattr__(self, "_result", (False, f))
             while self._observers:
                 try:
                     self._observers.pop().errback(f)
@@ -97,3 +97,8 @@ class ObservableDeferred(object):
 
     def __setattr__(self, name, value):
         setattr(self._deferred, name, value)
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return "<ObservableDeferred object at %s, result=%r, _deferred=%r>" % (
+            id(self), self._result, self._deferred,
+        )
diff --git a/synapse/util/caches/__init__.py b/synapse/util/caches/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..da0e06a468
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/util/caches/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# Copyright 2015 OpenMarket Ltd
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+import synapse.metrics
+
+DEBUG_CACHES = False
+
+metrics = synapse.metrics.get_metrics_for("synapse.util.caches")
+
+caches_by_name = {}
+cache_counter = metrics.register_cache(
+    "cache",
+    lambda: {(name,): len(caches_by_name[name]) for name in caches_by_name.keys()},
+    labels=["name"],
+)
diff --git a/synapse/util/caches/descriptors.py b/synapse/util/caches/descriptors.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..362944bc51
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/util/caches/descriptors.py
@@ -0,0 +1,377 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# Copyright 2015 OpenMarket Ltd
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+import logging
+
+from synapse.util.async import ObservableDeferred
+from synapse.util import unwrapFirstError
+from synapse.util.caches.lrucache import LruCache
+
+from . import caches_by_name, DEBUG_CACHES, cache_counter
+
+from twisted.internet import defer
+
+from collections import OrderedDict
+
+import functools
+import inspect
+import threading
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+_CacheSentinel = object()
+
+
+class Cache(object):
+
+    def __init__(self, name, max_entries=1000, keylen=1, lru=True):
+        if lru:
+            self.cache = LruCache(max_size=max_entries)
+            self.max_entries = None
+        else:
+            self.cache = OrderedDict()
+            self.max_entries = max_entries
+
+        self.name = name
+        self.keylen = keylen
+        self.sequence = 0
+        self.thread = None
+        caches_by_name[name] = self.cache
+
+    def check_thread(self):
+        expected_thread = self.thread
+        if expected_thread is None:
+            self.thread = threading.current_thread()
+        else:
+            if expected_thread is not threading.current_thread():
+                raise ValueError(
+                    "Cache objects can only be accessed from the main thread"
+                )
+
+    def get(self, key, default=_CacheSentinel):
+        val = self.cache.get(key, _CacheSentinel)
+        if val is not _CacheSentinel:
+            cache_counter.inc_hits(self.name)
+            return val
+
+        cache_counter.inc_misses(self.name)
+
+        if default is _CacheSentinel:
+            raise KeyError()
+        else:
+            return default
+
+    def update(self, sequence, key, value):
+        self.check_thread()
+        if self.sequence == sequence:
+            # Only update the cache if the caches sequence number matches the
+            # number that the cache had before the SELECT was started (SYN-369)
+            self.prefill(key, value)
+
+    def prefill(self, key, value):
+        if self.max_entries is not None:
+            while len(self.cache) >= self.max_entries:
+                self.cache.popitem(last=False)
+
+        self.cache[key] = value
+
+    def invalidate(self, key):
+        self.check_thread()
+        if not isinstance(key, tuple):
+            raise TypeError(
+                "The cache key must be a tuple not %r" % (type(key),)
+            )
+
+        # Increment the sequence number so that any SELECT statements that
+        # raced with the INSERT don't update the cache (SYN-369)
+        self.sequence += 1
+        self.cache.pop(key, None)
+
+    def invalidate_all(self):
+        self.check_thread()
+        self.sequence += 1
+        self.cache.clear()
+
+
+class CacheDescriptor(object):
+    """ A method decorator that applies a memoizing cache around the function.
+
+    This caches deferreds, rather than the results themselves. Deferreds that
+    fail are removed from the cache.
+
+    The function is presumed to take zero or more arguments, which are used in
+    a tuple as the key for the cache. Hits are served directly from the cache;
+    misses use the function body to generate the value.
+
+    The wrapped function has an additional member, a callable called
+    "invalidate". This can be used to remove individual entries from the cache.
+
+    The wrapped function has another additional callable, called "prefill",
+    which can be used to insert values into the cache specifically, without
+    calling the calculation function.
+    """
+    def __init__(self, orig, max_entries=1000, num_args=1, lru=True,
+                 inlineCallbacks=False):
+        self.orig = orig
+
+        if inlineCallbacks:
+            self.function_to_call = defer.inlineCallbacks(orig)
+        else:
+            self.function_to_call = orig
+
+        self.max_entries = max_entries
+        self.num_args = num_args
+        self.lru = lru
+
+        self.arg_names = inspect.getargspec(orig).args[1:num_args+1]
+
+        if len(self.arg_names) < self.num_args:
+            raise Exception(
+                "Not enough explicit positional arguments to key off of for %r."
+                " (@cached cannot key off of *args or **kwars)"
+                % (orig.__name__,)
+            )
+
+        self.cache = Cache(
+            name=self.orig.__name__,
+            max_entries=self.max_entries,
+            keylen=self.num_args,
+            lru=self.lru,
+        )
+
+    def __get__(self, obj, objtype=None):
+
+        @functools.wraps(self.orig)
+        def wrapped(*args, **kwargs):
+            arg_dict = inspect.getcallargs(self.orig, obj, *args, **kwargs)
+            cache_key = tuple(arg_dict[arg_nm] for arg_nm in self.arg_names)
+            try:
+                cached_result_d = self.cache.get(cache_key)
+
+                observer = cached_result_d.observe()
+                if DEBUG_CACHES:
+                    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+                    def check_result(cached_result):
+                        actual_result = yield self.function_to_call(obj, *args, **kwargs)
+                        if actual_result != cached_result:
+                            logger.error(
+                                "Stale cache entry %s%r: cached: %r, actual %r",
+                                self.orig.__name__, cache_key,
+                                cached_result, actual_result,
+                            )
+                            raise ValueError("Stale cache entry")
+                        defer.returnValue(cached_result)
+                    observer.addCallback(check_result)
+
+                return observer
+            except KeyError:
+                # Get the sequence number of the cache before reading from the
+                # database so that we can tell if the cache is invalidated
+                # while the SELECT is executing (SYN-369)
+                sequence = self.cache.sequence
+
+                ret = defer.maybeDeferred(
+                    self.function_to_call,
+                    obj, *args, **kwargs
+                )
+
+                def onErr(f):
+                    self.cache.invalidate(cache_key)
+                    return f
+
+                ret.addErrback(onErr)
+
+                ret = ObservableDeferred(ret, consumeErrors=True)
+                self.cache.update(sequence, cache_key, ret)
+
+                return ret.observe()
+
+        wrapped.invalidate = self.cache.invalidate
+        wrapped.invalidate_all = self.cache.invalidate_all
+        wrapped.prefill = self.cache.prefill
+
+        obj.__dict__[self.orig.__name__] = wrapped
+
+        return wrapped
+
+
+class CacheListDescriptor(object):
+    """Wraps an existing cache to support bulk fetching of keys.
+
+    Given a list of keys it looks in the cache to find any hits, then passes
+    the list of missing keys to the wrapped fucntion.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, orig, cache, list_name, num_args=1, inlineCallbacks=False):
+        """
+        Args:
+            orig (function)
+            cache (Cache)
+            list_name (str): Name of the argument which is the bulk lookup list
+            num_args (int)
+            inlineCallbacks (bool): Whether orig is a generator that should
+                be wrapped by defer.inlineCallbacks
+        """
+        self.orig = orig
+
+        if inlineCallbacks:
+            self.function_to_call = defer.inlineCallbacks(orig)
+        else:
+            self.function_to_call = orig
+
+        self.num_args = num_args
+        self.list_name = list_name
+
+        self.arg_names = inspect.getargspec(orig).args[1:num_args+1]
+        self.list_pos = self.arg_names.index(self.list_name)
+
+        self.cache = cache
+
+        self.sentinel = object()
+
+        if len(self.arg_names) < self.num_args:
+            raise Exception(
+                "Not enough explicit positional arguments to key off of for %r."
+                " (@cached cannot key off of *args or **kwars)"
+                % (orig.__name__,)
+            )
+
+        if self.list_name not in self.arg_names:
+            raise Exception(
+                "Couldn't see arguments %r for %r."
+                % (self.list_name, cache.name,)
+            )
+
+    def __get__(self, obj, objtype=None):
+
+        @functools.wraps(self.orig)
+        def wrapped(*args, **kwargs):
+            arg_dict = inspect.getcallargs(self.orig, obj, *args, **kwargs)
+            keyargs = [arg_dict[arg_nm] for arg_nm in self.arg_names]
+            list_args = arg_dict[self.list_name]
+
+            # cached is a dict arg -> deferred, where deferred results in a
+            # 2-tuple (`arg`, `result`)
+            cached = {}
+            missing = []
+            for arg in list_args:
+                key = list(keyargs)
+                key[self.list_pos] = arg
+
+                try:
+                    res = self.cache.get(tuple(key)).observe()
+                    res.addCallback(lambda r, arg: (arg, r), arg)
+                    cached[arg] = res
+                except KeyError:
+                    missing.append(arg)
+
+            if missing:
+                sequence = self.cache.sequence
+                args_to_call = dict(arg_dict)
+                args_to_call[self.list_name] = missing
+
+                ret_d = defer.maybeDeferred(
+                    self.function_to_call,
+                    **args_to_call
+                )
+
+                ret_d = ObservableDeferred(ret_d)
+
+                # We need to create deferreds for each arg in the list so that
+                # we can insert the new deferred into the cache.
+                for arg in missing:
+                    observer = ret_d.observe()
+                    observer.addCallback(lambda r, arg: r.get(arg, None), arg)
+
+                    observer = ObservableDeferred(observer)
+
+                    key = list(keyargs)
+                    key[self.list_pos] = arg
+                    self.cache.update(sequence, tuple(key), observer)
+
+                    def invalidate(f, key):
+                        self.cache.invalidate(key)
+                        return f
+                    observer.addErrback(invalidate, tuple(key))
+
+                    res = observer.observe()
+                    res.addCallback(lambda r, arg: (arg, r), arg)
+
+                    cached[arg] = res
+
+            return defer.gatherResults(
+                cached.values(),
+                consumeErrors=True,
+            ).addErrback(unwrapFirstError).addCallback(lambda res: dict(res))
+
+        obj.__dict__[self.orig.__name__] = wrapped
+
+        return wrapped
+
+
+def cached(max_entries=1000, num_args=1, lru=True):
+    return lambda orig: CacheDescriptor(
+        orig,
+        max_entries=max_entries,
+        num_args=num_args,
+        lru=lru
+    )
+
+
+def cachedInlineCallbacks(max_entries=1000, num_args=1, lru=False):
+    return lambda orig: CacheDescriptor(
+        orig,
+        max_entries=max_entries,
+        num_args=num_args,
+        lru=lru,
+        inlineCallbacks=True,
+    )
+
+
+def cachedList(cache, list_name, num_args=1, inlineCallbacks=False):
+    """Creates a descriptor that wraps a function in a `CacheListDescriptor`.
+
+    Used to do batch lookups for an already created cache. A single argument
+    is specified as a list that is iterated through to lookup keys in the
+    original cache. A new list consisting of the keys that weren't in the cache
+    get passed to the original function, the result of which is stored in the
+    cache.
+
+    Args:
+        cache (Cache): The underlying cache to use.
+        list_name (str): The name of the argument that is the list to use to
+            do batch lookups in the cache.
+        num_args (int): Number of arguments to use as the key in the cache.
+        inlineCallbacks (bool): Should the function be wrapped in an
+            `defer.inlineCallbacks`?
+
+    Example:
+
+        class Example(object):
+            @cached(num_args=2)
+            def do_something(self, first_arg):
+                ...
+
+            @cachedList(do_something.cache, list_name="second_args", num_args=2)
+            def batch_do_something(self, first_arg, second_args):
+                ...
+    """
+    return lambda orig: CacheListDescriptor(
+        orig,
+        cache=cache,
+        list_name=list_name,
+        num_args=num_args,
+        inlineCallbacks=inlineCallbacks,
+    )
diff --git a/synapse/util/caches/dictionary_cache.py b/synapse/util/caches/dictionary_cache.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e69adf62fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/util/caches/dictionary_cache.py
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# Copyright 2015 OpenMarket Ltd
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+from synapse.util.caches.lrucache import LruCache
+from collections import namedtuple
+from . import caches_by_name, cache_counter
+import threading
+import logging
+
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+DictionaryEntry = namedtuple("DictionaryEntry", ("full", "value"))
+
+
+class DictionaryCache(object):
+    """Caches key -> dictionary lookups, supporting caching partial dicts, i.e.
+    fetching a subset of dictionary keys for a particular key.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, name, max_entries=1000):
+        self.cache = LruCache(max_size=max_entries)
+
+        self.name = name
+        self.sequence = 0
+        self.thread = None
+        # caches_by_name[name] = self.cache
+
+        class Sentinel(object):
+            __slots__ = []
+
+        self.sentinel = Sentinel()
+        caches_by_name[name] = self.cache
+
+    def check_thread(self):
+        expected_thread = self.thread
+        if expected_thread is None:
+            self.thread = threading.current_thread()
+        else:
+            if expected_thread is not threading.current_thread():
+                raise ValueError(
+                    "Cache objects can only be accessed from the main thread"
+                )
+
+    def get(self, key, dict_keys=None):
+        entry = self.cache.get(key, self.sentinel)
+        if entry is not self.sentinel:
+            cache_counter.inc_hits(self.name)
+
+            if dict_keys is None:
+                return DictionaryEntry(entry.full, dict(entry.value))
+            else:
+                return DictionaryEntry(entry.full, {
+                    k: entry.value[k]
+                    for k in dict_keys
+                    if k in entry.value
+                })
+
+        cache_counter.inc_misses(self.name)
+        return DictionaryEntry(False, {})
+
+    def invalidate(self, key):
+        self.check_thread()
+
+        # Increment the sequence number so that any SELECT statements that
+        # raced with the INSERT don't update the cache (SYN-369)
+        self.sequence += 1
+        self.cache.pop(key, None)
+
+    def invalidate_all(self):
+        self.check_thread()
+        self.sequence += 1
+        self.cache.clear()
+
+    def update(self, sequence, key, value, full=False):
+        self.check_thread()
+        if self.sequence == sequence:
+            # Only update the cache if the caches sequence number matches the
+            # number that the cache had before the SELECT was started (SYN-369)
+            if full:
+                self._insert(key, value)
+            else:
+                self._update_or_insert(key, value)
+
+    def _update_or_insert(self, key, value):
+        entry = self.cache.setdefault(key, DictionaryEntry(False, {}))
+        entry.value.update(value)
+
+    def _insert(self, key, value):
+        self.cache[key] = DictionaryEntry(True, value)
diff --git a/synapse/util/expiringcache.py b/synapse/util/caches/expiringcache.py
index 06d1eea01b..06d1eea01b 100644
--- a/synapse/util/expiringcache.py
+++ b/synapse/util/caches/expiringcache.py
diff --git a/synapse/util/lrucache.py b/synapse/util/caches/lrucache.py
index cacd7e45fa..cacd7e45fa 100644
--- a/synapse/util/lrucache.py
+++ b/synapse/util/caches/lrucache.py
diff --git a/synapse/util/stringutils.py b/synapse/util/stringutils.py
index 52e66beaee..f3a36340e4 100644
--- a/synapse/util/stringutils.py
+++ b/synapse/util/stringutils.py
@@ -33,3 +33,14 @@ def random_string_with_symbols(length):
     return ''.join(
         random.choice(_string_with_symbols) for _ in xrange(length)
     )
+
+
+def is_ascii(s):
+    try:
+        s.encode("ascii")
+    except UnicodeEncodeError:
+        return False
+    except UnicodeDecodeError:
+        return False
+    else:
+        return True