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-rw-r--r--synapse/api/auth.py106
-rw-r--r--synapse/api/constants.py15
-rw-r--r--synapse/api/events/__init__.py148
-rw-r--r--synapse/api/events/factory.py90
-rw-r--r--synapse/api/events/room.py170
-rw-r--r--synapse/api/events/validator.py87
-rw-r--r--synapse/crypto/event_signing.py44
-rw-r--r--synapse/events/__init__.py149
-rw-r--r--synapse/events/builder.py77
-rw-r--r--synapse/events/snapshot.py (renamed from tests/events/__init__.py)7
-rw-r--r--synapse/events/utils.py (renamed from synapse/api/events/utils.py)69
-rw-r--r--synapse/events/validator.py92
-rw-r--r--synapse/federation/replication.py44
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/_base.py113
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/directory.py30
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/federation.py265
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/message.py54
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/presence.py38
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/profile.py35
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/register.py6
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/room.py211
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/typing.py6
-rw-r--r--synapse/http/server.py8
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/__init__.py2
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/admin.py2
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/base.py4
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/directory.py13
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/login.py4
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/presence.py9
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/profile.py6
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/register.py4
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/room.py140
-rw-r--r--synapse/server.py29
-rw-r--r--synapse/state.py104
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/__init__.py98
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/_base.py156
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/event_federation.py11
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/schema/im.sql13
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/schema/state.sql3
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/signatures.py19
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/state.py13
-rw-r--r--synapse/types.py21
-rw-r--r--synapse/util/frozenutils.py46
43 files changed, 1312 insertions, 1249 deletions
diff --git a/synapse/api/auth.py b/synapse/api/auth.py
index 2b0475543d..70245aba04 100644
--- a/synapse/api/auth.py
+++ b/synapse/api/auth.py
@@ -17,14 +17,10 @@
 
 from twisted.internet import defer
 
-from synapse.api.constants import Membership, JoinRules
+from synapse.api.constants import EventTypes, Membership, JoinRules
 from synapse.api.errors import AuthError, StoreError, Codes, SynapseError
-from synapse.api.events.room import (
-    RoomMemberEvent, RoomPowerLevelsEvent, RoomRedactionEvent,
-    RoomJoinRulesEvent, RoomCreateEvent, RoomAliasesEvent,
-)
 from synapse.util.logutils import log_function
-from syutil.base64util import encode_base64
+from synapse.util.async import run_on_reactor
 
 import logging
 
@@ -53,15 +49,17 @@ class Auth(object):
                 logger.warn("Trusting event: %s", event.event_id)
                 return True
 
-            if event.type == RoomCreateEvent.TYPE:
+            if event.type == EventTypes.Create:
                 # FIXME
                 return True
 
             # FIXME: Temp hack
-            if event.type == RoomAliasesEvent.TYPE:
+            if event.type == EventTypes.Aliases:
                 return True
 
-            if event.type == RoomMemberEvent.TYPE:
+            logger.debug("Auth events: %s", auth_events)
+
+            if event.type == EventTypes.Member:
                 allowed = self.is_membership_change_allowed(
                     event, auth_events
                 )
@@ -74,10 +72,10 @@ class Auth(object):
             self.check_event_sender_in_room(event, auth_events)
             self._can_send_event(event, auth_events)
 
-            if event.type == RoomPowerLevelsEvent.TYPE:
+            if event.type == EventTypes.PowerLevels:
                 self._check_power_levels(event, auth_events)
 
-            if event.type == RoomRedactionEvent.TYPE:
+            if event.type == EventTypes.Redaction:
                 self._check_redaction(event, auth_events)
 
             logger.debug("Allowing! %s", event)
@@ -93,7 +91,7 @@ class Auth(object):
     def check_joined_room(self, room_id, user_id):
         member = yield self.state.get_current_state(
             room_id=room_id,
-            event_type=RoomMemberEvent.TYPE,
+            event_type=EventTypes.Member,
             state_key=user_id
         )
         self._check_joined_room(member, user_id, room_id)
@@ -104,7 +102,7 @@ class Auth(object):
         curr_state = yield self.state.get_current_state(room_id)
 
         for event in curr_state:
-            if event.type == RoomMemberEvent.TYPE:
+            if event.type == EventTypes.Member:
                 try:
                     if self.hs.parse_userid(event.state_key).domain != host:
                         continue
@@ -118,7 +116,7 @@ class Auth(object):
         defer.returnValue(False)
 
     def check_event_sender_in_room(self, event, auth_events):
-        key = (RoomMemberEvent.TYPE, event.user_id, )
+        key = (EventTypes.Member, event.user_id, )
         member_event = auth_events.get(key)
 
         return self._check_joined_room(
@@ -140,7 +138,7 @@ class Auth(object):
         # Check if this is the room creator joining:
         if len(event.prev_events) == 1 and Membership.JOIN == membership:
             # Get room creation event:
-            key = (RoomCreateEvent.TYPE, "", )
+            key = (EventTypes.Create, "", )
             create = auth_events.get(key)
             if create and event.prev_events[0][0] == create.event_id:
                 if create.content["creator"] == event.state_key:
@@ -149,19 +147,19 @@ class Auth(object):
         target_user_id = event.state_key
 
         # get info about the caller
-        key = (RoomMemberEvent.TYPE, event.user_id, )
+        key = (EventTypes.Member, event.user_id, )
         caller = auth_events.get(key)
 
         caller_in_room = caller and caller.membership == Membership.JOIN
         caller_invited = caller and caller.membership == Membership.INVITE
 
         # get info about the target
-        key = (RoomMemberEvent.TYPE, target_user_id, )
+        key = (EventTypes.Member, target_user_id, )
         target = auth_events.get(key)
 
         target_in_room = target and target.membership == Membership.JOIN
 
-        key = (RoomJoinRulesEvent.TYPE, "", )
+        key = (EventTypes.JoinRules, "", )
         join_rule_event = auth_events.get(key)
         if join_rule_event:
             join_rule = join_rule_event.content.get(
@@ -256,7 +254,7 @@ class Auth(object):
         return True
 
     def _get_power_level_from_event_state(self, event, user_id, auth_events):
-        key = (RoomPowerLevelsEvent.TYPE, "", )
+        key = (EventTypes.PowerLevels, "", )
         power_level_event = auth_events.get(key)
         level = None
         if power_level_event:
@@ -264,7 +262,7 @@ class Auth(object):
             if not level:
                 level = power_level_event.content.get("users_default", 0)
         else:
-            key = (RoomCreateEvent.TYPE, "", )
+            key = (EventTypes.Create, "", )
             create_event = auth_events.get(key)
             if (create_event is not None and
                     create_event.content["creator"] == user_id):
@@ -273,7 +271,7 @@ class Auth(object):
         return level
 
     def _get_ops_level_from_event_state(self, event, auth_events):
-        key = (RoomPowerLevelsEvent.TYPE, "", )
+        key = (EventTypes.PowerLevels, "", )
         power_level_event = auth_events.get(key)
 
         if power_level_event:
@@ -351,29 +349,31 @@ class Auth(object):
         return self.store.is_server_admin(user)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def add_auth_events(self, event):
-        if event.type == RoomCreateEvent.TYPE:
-            event.auth_events = []
+    def add_auth_events(self, builder, context):
+        yield run_on_reactor()
+
+        if builder.type == EventTypes.Create:
+            builder.auth_events = []
             return
 
-        auth_events = []
+        auth_ids = []
 
-        key = (RoomPowerLevelsEvent.TYPE, "", )
-        power_level_event = event.old_state_events.get(key)
+        key = (EventTypes.PowerLevels, "", )
+        power_level_event = context.current_state.get(key)
 
         if power_level_event:
-            auth_events.append(power_level_event.event_id)
+            auth_ids.append(power_level_event.event_id)
 
-        key = (RoomJoinRulesEvent.TYPE, "", )
-        join_rule_event = event.old_state_events.get(key)
+        key = (EventTypes.JoinRules, "", )
+        join_rule_event = context.current_state.get(key)
 
-        key = (RoomMemberEvent.TYPE, event.user_id, )
-        member_event = event.old_state_events.get(key)
+        key = (EventTypes.Member, builder.user_id, )
+        member_event = context.current_state.get(key)
 
-        key = (RoomCreateEvent.TYPE, "", )
-        create_event = event.old_state_events.get(key)
+        key = (EventTypes.Create, "", )
+        create_event = context.current_state.get(key)
         if create_event:
-            auth_events.append(create_event.event_id)
+            auth_ids.append(create_event.event_id)
 
         if join_rule_event:
             join_rule = join_rule_event.content.get("join_rule")
@@ -381,33 +381,37 @@ class Auth(object):
         else:
             is_public = False
 
-        if event.type == RoomMemberEvent.TYPE:
-            e_type = event.content["membership"]
+        if builder.type == EventTypes.Member:
+            e_type = builder.content["membership"]
             if e_type in [Membership.JOIN, Membership.INVITE]:
                 if join_rule_event:
-                    auth_events.append(join_rule_event.event_id)
+                    auth_ids.append(join_rule_event.event_id)
 
+            if e_type == Membership.JOIN:
                 if member_event and not is_public:
-                    auth_events.append(member_event.event_id)
+                    auth_ids.append(member_event.event_id)
+            else:
+                if member_event:
+                    auth_ids.append(member_event.event_id)
         elif member_event:
             if member_event.content["membership"] == Membership.JOIN:
-                auth_events.append(member_event.event_id)
+                auth_ids.append(member_event.event_id)
 
-        hashes = yield self.store.get_event_reference_hashes(
-            auth_events
+        auth_events_entries = yield self.store.add_event_hashes(
+            auth_ids
         )
-        hashes = [
-            {
-                k: encode_base64(v) for k, v in h.items()
-                if k == "sha256"
-            }
-            for h in hashes
-        ]
-        event.auth_events = zip(auth_events, hashes)
+
+        builder.auth_events = auth_events_entries
+
+        context.auth_events = {
+            k: v
+            for k, v in context.current_state.items()
+            if v.event_id in auth_ids
+        }
 
     @log_function
     def _can_send_event(self, event, auth_events):
-        key = (RoomPowerLevelsEvent.TYPE, "", )
+        key = (EventTypes.PowerLevels, "", )
         send_level_event = auth_events.get(key)
         send_level = None
         if send_level_event:
diff --git a/synapse/api/constants.py b/synapse/api/constants.py
index 3cafff0e32..4fc8b79a40 100644
--- a/synapse/api/constants.py
+++ b/synapse/api/constants.py
@@ -59,3 +59,18 @@ class LoginType(object):
     EMAIL_URL = u"m.login.email.url"
     EMAIL_IDENTITY = u"m.login.email.identity"
     RECAPTCHA = u"m.login.recaptcha"
+
+
+class EventTypes(object):
+    Member = "m.room.member"
+    Create = "m.room.create"
+    JoinRules = "m.room.join_rules"
+    PowerLevels = "m.room.power_levels"
+    Aliases = "m.room.aliases"
+    Redaction = "m.room.redaction"
+    Feedback = "m.room.message.feedback"
+
+    # These are used for validation
+    Message = "m.room.message"
+    Topic = "m.room.topic"
+    Name = "m.room.name"
diff --git a/synapse/api/events/__init__.py b/synapse/api/events/__init__.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 22939d011a..0000000000
--- a/synapse/api/events/__init__.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,148 +0,0 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-# Copyright 2014 OpenMarket Ltd
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-
-from synapse.util.jsonobject import JsonEncodedObject
-
-
-def serialize_event(hs, e):
-    # FIXME(erikj): To handle the case of presence events and the like
-    if not isinstance(e, SynapseEvent):
-        return e
-
-    # Should this strip out None's?
-    d = {k: v for k, v in e.get_dict().items()}
-    if "age_ts" in d:
-        d["age"] = int(hs.get_clock().time_msec()) - d["age_ts"]
-        del d["age_ts"]
-
-    return d
-
-
-class SynapseEvent(JsonEncodedObject):
-
-    """Base class for Synapse events. These are JSON objects which must abide
-    by a certain well-defined structure.
-    """
-
-    # Attributes that are currently assumed by the federation side:
-    # Mandatory:
-    # - event_id
-    # - room_id
-    # - type
-    # - is_state
-    #
-    # Optional:
-    # - state_key (mandatory when is_state is True)
-    # - prev_events (these can be filled out by the federation layer itself.)
-    # - prev_state
-
-    valid_keys = [
-        "event_id",
-        "type",
-        "room_id",
-        "user_id",  # sender/initiator
-        "content",  # HTTP body, JSON
-        "state_key",
-        "age_ts",
-        "prev_content",
-        "replaces_state",
-        "redacted_because",
-        "origin_server_ts",
-    ]
-
-    internal_keys = [
-        "is_state",
-        "depth",
-        "destinations",
-        "origin",
-        "outlier",
-        "redacted",
-        "prev_events",
-        "hashes",
-        "signatures",
-        "prev_state",
-        "auth_events",
-        "state_hash",
-    ]
-
-    required_keys = [
-        "event_id",
-        "room_id",
-        "content",
-    ]
-
-    outlier = False
-
-    def __init__(self, raises=True, **kwargs):
-        super(SynapseEvent, self).__init__(**kwargs)
-        # if "content" in kwargs:
-        #     self.check_json(self.content, raises=raises)
-
-    def get_content_template(self):
-        """ Retrieve the JSON template for this event as a dict.
-
-        The template must be a dict representing the JSON to match. Only
-        required keys should be present. The values of the keys in the template
-        are checked via type() to the values of the same keys in the actual
-        event JSON.
-
-        NB: If loading content via json.loads, you MUST define strings as
-        unicode.
-
-        For example:
-            Content:
-                {
-                    "name": u"bob",
-                    "age": 18,
-                    "friends": [u"mike", u"jill"]
-                }
-            Template:
-                {
-                    "name": u"string",
-                    "age": 0,
-                    "friends": [u"string"]
-                }
-            The values "string" and 0 could be anything, so long as the types
-            are the same as the content.
-        """
-        raise NotImplementedError("get_content_template not implemented.")
-
-    def get_pdu_json(self, time_now=None):
-        pdu_json = self.get_full_dict()
-        pdu_json.pop("destinations", None)
-        pdu_json.pop("outlier", None)
-        pdu_json.pop("replaces_state", None)
-        pdu_json.pop("redacted", None)
-        pdu_json.pop("prev_content", None)
-        state_hash = pdu_json.pop("state_hash", None)
-        if state_hash is not None:
-            pdu_json.setdefault("unsigned", {})["state_hash"] = state_hash
-        content = pdu_json.get("content", {})
-        content.pop("prev", None)
-        if time_now is not None and "age_ts" in pdu_json:
-            age = time_now - pdu_json["age_ts"]
-            pdu_json.setdefault("unsigned", {})["age"] = int(age)
-            del pdu_json["age_ts"]
-        user_id = pdu_json.pop("user_id")
-        pdu_json["sender"] = user_id
-        return pdu_json
-
-
-class SynapseStateEvent(SynapseEvent):
-
-    def __init__(self, **kwargs):
-        if "state_key" not in kwargs:
-            kwargs["state_key"] = ""
-        super(SynapseStateEvent, self).__init__(**kwargs)
diff --git a/synapse/api/events/factory.py b/synapse/api/events/factory.py
deleted file mode 100644
index a1ec708a81..0000000000
--- a/synapse/api/events/factory.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,90 +0,0 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-# Copyright 2014 OpenMarket Ltd
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-
-from synapse.api.events.room import (
-    RoomTopicEvent, MessageEvent, RoomMemberEvent, FeedbackEvent,
-    InviteJoinEvent, RoomConfigEvent, RoomNameEvent, GenericEvent,
-    RoomPowerLevelsEvent, RoomJoinRulesEvent,
-    RoomCreateEvent,
-    RoomRedactionEvent,
-)
-
-from synapse.types import EventID
-
-from synapse.util.stringutils import random_string
-
-
-class EventFactory(object):
-
-    _event_classes = [
-        RoomTopicEvent,
-        RoomNameEvent,
-        MessageEvent,
-        RoomMemberEvent,
-        FeedbackEvent,
-        InviteJoinEvent,
-        RoomConfigEvent,
-        RoomPowerLevelsEvent,
-        RoomJoinRulesEvent,
-        RoomCreateEvent,
-        RoomRedactionEvent,
-    ]
-
-    def __init__(self, hs):
-        self._event_list = {}  # dict of TYPE to event class
-        for event_class in EventFactory._event_classes:
-            self._event_list[event_class.TYPE] = event_class
-
-        self.clock = hs.get_clock()
-        self.hs = hs
-
-        self.event_id_count = 0
-
-    def create_event_id(self):
-        i = str(self.event_id_count)
-        self.event_id_count += 1
-
-        local_part = str(int(self.clock.time())) + i + random_string(5)
-
-        e_id = EventID.create_local(local_part, self.hs)
-
-        return e_id.to_string()
-
-    def create_event(self, etype=None, **kwargs):
-        kwargs["type"] = etype
-        if "event_id" not in kwargs:
-            kwargs["event_id"] = self.create_event_id()
-            kwargs["origin"] = self.hs.hostname
-        else:
-            ev_id = self.hs.parse_eventid(kwargs["event_id"])
-            kwargs["origin"] = ev_id.domain
-
-        if "origin_server_ts" not in kwargs:
-            kwargs["origin_server_ts"] = int(self.clock.time_msec())
-
-        # The "age" key is a delta timestamp that should be converted into an
-        # absolute timestamp the minute we see it.
-        if "age" in kwargs:
-            kwargs["age_ts"] = int(self.clock.time_msec()) - int(kwargs["age"])
-            del kwargs["age"]
-        elif "age_ts" not in kwargs:
-            kwargs["age_ts"] = int(self.clock.time_msec())
-
-        if etype in self._event_list:
-            handler = self._event_list[etype]
-        else:
-            handler = GenericEvent
-
-        return handler(**kwargs)
diff --git a/synapse/api/events/room.py b/synapse/api/events/room.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 8c4ac45d02..0000000000
--- a/synapse/api/events/room.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,170 +0,0 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-# Copyright 2014 OpenMarket Ltd
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-
-from synapse.api.constants import Feedback, Membership
-from synapse.api.errors import SynapseError
-from . import SynapseEvent, SynapseStateEvent
-
-
-class GenericEvent(SynapseEvent):
-    def get_content_template(self):
-        return {}
-
-
-class RoomTopicEvent(SynapseEvent):
-    TYPE = "m.room.topic"
-
-    internal_keys = SynapseEvent.internal_keys + [
-        "topic",
-    ]
-
-    def __init__(self, **kwargs):
-        kwargs["state_key"] = ""
-        if "topic" in kwargs["content"]:
-            kwargs["topic"] = kwargs["content"]["topic"]
-        super(RoomTopicEvent, self).__init__(**kwargs)
-
-    def get_content_template(self):
-        return {"topic": u"string"}
-
-
-class RoomNameEvent(SynapseEvent):
-    TYPE = "m.room.name"
-
-    internal_keys = SynapseEvent.internal_keys + [
-        "name",
-    ]
-
-    def __init__(self, **kwargs):
-        kwargs["state_key"] = ""
-        if "name" in kwargs["content"]:
-            kwargs["name"] = kwargs["content"]["name"]
-        super(RoomNameEvent, self).__init__(**kwargs)
-
-    def get_content_template(self):
-        return {"name": u"string"}
-
-
-class RoomMemberEvent(SynapseEvent):
-    TYPE = "m.room.member"
-
-    valid_keys = SynapseEvent.valid_keys + [
-        # target is the state_key
-        "membership",  # action
-    ]
-
-    def __init__(self, **kwargs):
-        if "membership" not in kwargs:
-            kwargs["membership"] = kwargs.get("content", {}).get("membership")
-        if not kwargs["membership"] in Membership.LIST:
-            raise SynapseError(400, "Bad membership value.")
-        super(RoomMemberEvent, self).__init__(**kwargs)
-
-    def get_content_template(self):
-        return {"membership": u"string"}
-
-
-class MessageEvent(SynapseEvent):
-    TYPE = "m.room.message"
-
-    valid_keys = SynapseEvent.valid_keys + [
-        "msg_id",  # unique per room + user combo
-    ]
-
-    def __init__(self, **kwargs):
-        super(MessageEvent, self).__init__(**kwargs)
-
-    def get_content_template(self):
-        return {"msgtype": u"string"}
-
-
-class FeedbackEvent(SynapseEvent):
-    TYPE = "m.room.message.feedback"
-
-    valid_keys = SynapseEvent.valid_keys
-
-    def __init__(self, **kwargs):
-        super(FeedbackEvent, self).__init__(**kwargs)
-        if not kwargs["content"]["type"] in Feedback.LIST:
-            raise SynapseError(400, "Bad feedback value.")
-
-    def get_content_template(self):
-        return {
-            "type": u"string",
-            "target_event_id": u"string"
-        }
-
-
-class InviteJoinEvent(SynapseEvent):
-    TYPE = "m.room.invite_join"
-
-    valid_keys = SynapseEvent.valid_keys + [
-        # target_user_id is the state_key
-        "target_host",
-    ]
-
-    def __init__(self, **kwargs):
-        super(InviteJoinEvent, self).__init__(**kwargs)
-
-    def get_content_template(self):
-        return {}
-
-
-class RoomConfigEvent(SynapseEvent):
-    TYPE = "m.room.config"
-
-    def __init__(self, **kwargs):
-        kwargs["state_key"] = ""
-        super(RoomConfigEvent, self).__init__(**kwargs)
-
-    def get_content_template(self):
-        return {}
-
-
-class RoomCreateEvent(SynapseStateEvent):
-    TYPE = "m.room.create"
-
-    def get_content_template(self):
-        return {}
-
-
-class RoomJoinRulesEvent(SynapseStateEvent):
-    TYPE = "m.room.join_rules"
-
-    def get_content_template(self):
-        return {}
-
-
-class RoomPowerLevelsEvent(SynapseStateEvent):
-    TYPE = "m.room.power_levels"
-
-    def get_content_template(self):
-        return {}
-
-
-class RoomAliasesEvent(SynapseStateEvent):
-    TYPE = "m.room.aliases"
-
-    def get_content_template(self):
-        return {}
-
-
-class RoomRedactionEvent(SynapseEvent):
-    TYPE = "m.room.redaction"
-
-    valid_keys = SynapseEvent.valid_keys + ["redacts"]
-
-    def get_content_template(self):
-        return {}
diff --git a/synapse/api/events/validator.py b/synapse/api/events/validator.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 067215f6ef..0000000000
--- a/synapse/api/events/validator.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,87 +0,0 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-# Copyright 2014 OpenMarket Ltd
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-
-from synapse.api.errors import SynapseError, Codes
-
-
-class EventValidator(object):
-    def __init__(self, hs):
-        pass
-
-    def validate(self, event):
-        """Checks the given JSON content abides by the rules of the template.
-
-        Args:
-            content : A JSON object to check.
-            raises: True to raise a SynapseError if the check fails.
-        Returns:
-            True if the content passes the template. Returns False if the check
-            fails and raises=False.
-        Raises:
-            SynapseError if the check fails and raises=True.
-        """
-        # recursively call to inspect each layer
-        err_msg = self._check_json_template(
-            event.content,
-            event.get_content_template()
-        )
-        if err_msg:
-            raise SynapseError(400, err_msg, Codes.BAD_JSON)
-        else:
-            return True
-
-    def _check_json_template(self, content, template):
-        """Check content and template matches.
-
-        If the template is a dict, each key in the dict will be validated with
-        the content, else it will just compare the types of content and
-        template. This basic type check is required because this function will
-        be recursively called and could be called with just strs or ints.
-
-        Args:
-            content: The content to validate.
-            template: The validation template.
-        Returns:
-            str: An error message if the validation fails, else None.
-        """
-        if type(content) != type(template):
-            return "Mismatched types: %s" % template
-
-        if type(template) == dict:
-            for key in template:
-                if key not in content:
-                    return "Missing %s key" % key
-
-                if type(content[key]) != type(template[key]):
-                    return "Key %s is of the wrong type (got %s, want %s)" % (
-                        key, type(content[key]), type(template[key]))
-
-                if type(content[key]) == dict:
-                    # we must go deeper
-                    msg = self._check_json_template(
-                        content[key],
-                        template[key]
-                    )
-                    if msg:
-                        return msg
-                elif type(content[key]) == list:
-                    # make sure each item type in content matches the template
-                    for entry in content[key]:
-                        msg = self._check_json_template(
-                            entry,
-                            template[key][0]
-                        )
-                        if msg:
-                            return msg
diff --git a/synapse/crypto/event_signing.py b/synapse/crypto/event_signing.py
index a9d8953239..21c19c971d 100644
--- a/synapse/crypto/event_signing.py
+++ b/synapse/crypto/event_signing.py
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 # limitations under the License.
 
 
-from synapse.api.events.utils import prune_event
+from synapse.events.utils import prune_event
 from syutil.jsonutil import encode_canonical_json
 from syutil.base64util import encode_base64, decode_base64
 from syutil.crypto.jsonsign import sign_json
@@ -29,17 +29,17 @@ logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 def check_event_content_hash(event, hash_algorithm=hashlib.sha256):
     """Check whether the hash for this PDU matches the contents"""
-    computed_hash = _compute_content_hash(event, hash_algorithm)
-    logger.debug("Expecting hash: %s", encode_base64(computed_hash.digest()))
-    if computed_hash.name not in event.hashes:
+    name, expected_hash = compute_content_hash(event, hash_algorithm)
+    logger.debug("Expecting hash: %s", encode_base64(expected_hash))
+    if name not in event.hashes:
         raise SynapseError(
             400,
             "Algorithm %s not in hashes %s" % (
-                computed_hash.name, list(event.hashes),
+                name, list(event.hashes),
             ),
             Codes.UNAUTHORIZED,
         )
-    message_hash_base64 = event.hashes[computed_hash.name]
+    message_hash_base64 = event.hashes[name]
     try:
         message_hash_bytes = decode_base64(message_hash_base64)
     except:
@@ -48,10 +48,10 @@ def check_event_content_hash(event, hash_algorithm=hashlib.sha256):
             "Invalid base64: %s" % (message_hash_base64,),
             Codes.UNAUTHORIZED,
         )
-    return message_hash_bytes == computed_hash.digest()
+    return message_hash_bytes == expected_hash
 
 
-def _compute_content_hash(event, hash_algorithm):
+def compute_content_hash(event, hash_algorithm):
     event_json = event.get_pdu_json()
     event_json.pop("age_ts", None)
     event_json.pop("unsigned", None)
@@ -59,8 +59,11 @@ def _compute_content_hash(event, hash_algorithm):
     event_json.pop("hashes", None)
     event_json.pop("outlier", None)
     event_json.pop("destinations", None)
+
     event_json_bytes = encode_canonical_json(event_json)
-    return hash_algorithm(event_json_bytes)
+
+    hashed = hash_algorithm(event_json_bytes)
+    return (hashed.name, hashed.digest())
 
 
 def compute_event_reference_hash(event, hash_algorithm=hashlib.sha256):
@@ -79,27 +82,28 @@ def compute_event_signature(event, signature_name, signing_key):
     redact_json = tmp_event.get_pdu_json()
     redact_json.pop("age_ts", None)
     redact_json.pop("unsigned", None)
-    logger.debug("Signing event: %s", redact_json)
+    logger.debug("Signing event: %s", encode_canonical_json(redact_json))
     redact_json = sign_json(redact_json, signature_name, signing_key)
+    logger.debug("Signed event: %s", encode_canonical_json(redact_json))
     return redact_json["signatures"]
 
 
 def add_hashes_and_signatures(event, signature_name, signing_key,
                               hash_algorithm=hashlib.sha256):
-    if hasattr(event, "old_state_events"):
-        state_json_bytes = encode_canonical_json(
-            [e.event_id for e in event.old_state_events.values()]
-        )
-        hashed = hash_algorithm(state_json_bytes)
-        event.state_hash = {
-            hashed.name: encode_base64(hashed.digest())
-        }
+    # if hasattr(event, "old_state_events"):
+    #     state_json_bytes = encode_canonical_json(
+    #         [e.event_id for e in event.old_state_events.values()]
+    #     )
+    #     hashed = hash_algorithm(state_json_bytes)
+    #     event.state_hash = {
+    #         hashed.name: encode_base64(hashed.digest())
+    #     }
 
-    hashed = _compute_content_hash(event, hash_algorithm=hash_algorithm)
+    name, digest = compute_content_hash(event, hash_algorithm=hash_algorithm)
 
     if not hasattr(event, "hashes"):
         event.hashes = {}
-    event.hashes[hashed.name] = encode_base64(hashed.digest())
+    event.hashes[name] = encode_base64(digest)
 
     event.signatures = compute_event_signature(
         event,
diff --git a/synapse/events/__init__.py b/synapse/events/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..984f14fce4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/events/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# Copyright 2014 OpenMarket Ltd
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+from synapse.util.frozenutils import freeze, unfreeze
+
+import copy
+
+
+class _EventInternalMetadata(object):
+    def __init__(self, internal_metadata_dict):
+        self.__dict__ = copy.deepcopy(internal_metadata_dict)
+
+    def get_dict(self):
+        return dict(self.__dict__)
+
+    def is_outlier(self):
+        return hasattr(self, "outlier") and self.outlier
+
+
+def _event_dict_property(key):
+        def getter(self):
+            return self._event_dict[key]
+
+        def setter(self, v):
+            self._event_dict[key] = v
+
+        def delete(self):
+            del self._event_dict[key]
+
+        return property(
+            getter,
+            setter,
+            delete,
+        )
+
+
+class EventBase(object):
+    def __init__(self, event_dict, signatures={}, unsigned={},
+                 internal_metadata_dict={}):
+        self.signatures = copy.deepcopy(signatures)
+        self.unsigned = copy.deepcopy(unsigned)
+
+        self._event_dict = copy.deepcopy(event_dict)
+
+        self.internal_metadata = _EventInternalMetadata(
+            internal_metadata_dict
+        )
+
+    auth_events = _event_dict_property("auth_events")
+    depth = _event_dict_property("depth")
+    content = _event_dict_property("content")
+    event_id = _event_dict_property("event_id")
+    hashes = _event_dict_property("hashes")
+    origin = _event_dict_property("origin")
+    origin_server_ts = _event_dict_property("origin_server_ts")
+    prev_events = _event_dict_property("prev_events")
+    prev_state = _event_dict_property("prev_state")
+    redacts = _event_dict_property("redacts")
+    room_id = _event_dict_property("room_id")
+    sender = _event_dict_property("sender")
+    state_key = _event_dict_property("state_key")
+    type = _event_dict_property("type")
+    user_id = _event_dict_property("sender")
+
+    @property
+    def membership(self):
+        return self.content["membership"]
+
+    def is_state(self):
+        return hasattr(self, "state_key")
+
+    def get_dict(self):
+        d = dict(self._event_dict)
+        d.update({
+            "signatures": self.signatures,
+            "unsigned": self.unsigned,
+        })
+
+        return d
+
+    def get(self, key, default):
+        return self._event_dict.get(key, default)
+
+    def get_internal_metadata_dict(self):
+        return self.internal_metadata.get_dict()
+
+    def get_pdu_json(self, time_now=None):
+        pdu_json = self.get_dict()
+
+        if time_now is not None and "age_ts" in pdu_json["unsigned"]:
+            age = time_now - pdu_json["unsigned"]["age_ts"]
+            pdu_json.setdefault("unsigned", {})["age"] = int(age)
+            del pdu_json["unsigned"]["age_ts"]
+
+        return pdu_json
+
+    def __set__(self, instance, value):
+        raise AttributeError("Unrecognized attribute %s" % (instance,))
+
+
+class FrozenEvent(EventBase):
+    def __init__(self, event_dict, internal_metadata_dict={}):
+        event_dict = copy.deepcopy(event_dict)
+
+        signatures = copy.deepcopy(event_dict.pop("signatures", {}))
+        unsigned = copy.deepcopy(event_dict.pop("unsigned", {}))
+
+        frozen_dict = freeze(event_dict)
+
+        super(FrozenEvent, self).__init__(
+            frozen_dict,
+            signatures=signatures,
+            unsigned=unsigned,
+            internal_metadata_dict=internal_metadata_dict,
+        )
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def from_event(event):
+        e = FrozenEvent(
+            event.get_pdu_json()
+        )
+
+        e.internal_metadata = event.internal_metadata
+
+        return e
+
+    def get_dict(self):
+        # We need to unfreeze what we return
+        return unfreeze(super(FrozenEvent, self).get_dict())
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return self.__repr__()
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return "<FrozenEvent event_id='%s', type='%s', state_key='%s'>" % (
+            self.event_id, self.type, self.get("state_key", None),
+        )
diff --git a/synapse/events/builder.py b/synapse/events/builder.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9579b1fe8b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/events/builder.py
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# Copyright 2014 OpenMarket Ltd
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+from . import EventBase, FrozenEvent
+
+from synapse.types import EventID
+
+from synapse.util.stringutils import random_string
+
+import copy
+
+
+class EventBuilder(EventBase):
+    def __init__(self, key_values={}):
+        signatures = copy.deepcopy(key_values.pop("signatures", {}))
+        unsigned = copy.deepcopy(key_values.pop("unsigned", {}))
+
+        super(EventBuilder, self).__init__(
+            key_values,
+            signatures=signatures,
+            unsigned=unsigned
+        )
+
+    def update_event_key(self, key, value):
+        self._event_dict[key] = value
+
+    def update_event_keys(self, other_dict):
+        self._event_dict.update(other_dict)
+
+    def build(self):
+        return FrozenEvent.from_event(self)
+
+
+class EventBuilderFactory(object):
+    def __init__(self, clock, hostname):
+        self.clock = clock
+        self.hostname = hostname
+
+        self.event_id_count = 0
+
+    def create_event_id(self):
+        i = str(self.event_id_count)
+        self.event_id_count += 1
+
+        local_part = str(int(self.clock.time())) + i + random_string(5)
+
+        e_id = EventID.create(local_part, self.hostname)
+
+        return e_id.to_string()
+
+    def new(self, key_values={}):
+        key_values["event_id"] = self.create_event_id()
+
+        time_now = int(self.clock.time_msec())
+
+        key_values.setdefault("origin", self.hostname)
+        key_values.setdefault("origin_server_ts", time_now)
+
+        key_values.setdefault("unsigned", {})
+        age = key_values["unsigned"].pop("age", 0)
+        key_values["unsigned"].setdefault("age_ts", time_now - age)
+
+        key_values["signatures"] = {}
+
+        return EventBuilder(key_values=key_values,)
diff --git a/tests/events/__init__.py b/synapse/events/snapshot.py
index 9bff9ec169..b9fb29be01 100644
--- a/tests/events/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/events/snapshot.py
@@ -13,3 +13,10 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
+
+class EventContext(object):
+
+    def __init__(self, current_state=None, auth_events=None):
+        self.current_state = current_state
+        self.auth_events = auth_events
+        self.state_group = None
diff --git a/synapse/api/events/utils.py b/synapse/events/utils.py
index d6019d56eb..94f3f15f52 100644
--- a/synapse/api/events/utils.py
+++ b/synapse/events/utils.py
@@ -13,10 +13,8 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
-from .room import (
-    RoomMemberEvent, RoomJoinRulesEvent, RoomPowerLevelsEvent,
-    RoomAliasesEvent, RoomCreateEvent,
-)
+from synapse.api.constants import EventTypes
+from . import EventBase
 
 
 def prune_event(event):
@@ -31,7 +29,7 @@ def prune_event(event):
 
     allowed_keys = [
         "event_id",
-        "user_id",
+        "sender",
         "room_id",
         "hashes",
         "signatures",
@@ -44,6 +42,7 @@ def prune_event(event):
         "auth_events",
         "origin",
         "origin_server_ts",
+        "membership",
     ]
 
     new_content = {}
@@ -53,13 +52,13 @@ def prune_event(event):
             if field in event.content:
                 new_content[field] = event.content[field]
 
-    if event_type == RoomMemberEvent.TYPE:
+    if event_type == EventTypes.Member:
         add_fields("membership")
-    elif event_type == RoomCreateEvent.TYPE:
+    elif event_type == EventTypes.Create:
         add_fields("creator")
-    elif event_type == RoomJoinRulesEvent.TYPE:
+    elif event_type == EventTypes.JoinRules:
         add_fields("join_rule")
-    elif event_type == RoomPowerLevelsEvent.TYPE:
+    elif event_type == EventTypes.PowerLevels:
         add_fields(
             "users",
             "users_default",
@@ -71,15 +70,61 @@ def prune_event(event):
             "kick",
             "redact",
         )
-    elif event_type == RoomAliasesEvent.TYPE:
+    elif event_type == EventTypes.Aliases:
         add_fields("aliases")
 
     allowed_fields = {
         k: v
-        for k, v in event.get_full_dict().items()
+        for k, v in event.get_dict().items()
         if k in allowed_keys
     }
 
     allowed_fields["content"] = new_content
 
-    return type(event)(**allowed_fields)
+    allowed_fields["unsigned"] = {}
+
+    if "age_ts" in event.unsigned:
+        allowed_fields["unsigned"]["age_ts"] = event.unsigned["age_ts"]
+
+    return type(event)(allowed_fields)
+
+
+def serialize_event(hs, e):
+    # FIXME(erikj): To handle the case of presence events and the like
+    if not isinstance(e, EventBase):
+        return e
+
+    # Should this strip out None's?
+    d = {k: v for k, v in e.get_dict().items()}
+    if "age_ts" in d["unsigned"]:
+        now = int(hs.get_clock().time_msec())
+        d["unsigned"]["age"] = now - d["unsigned"]["age_ts"]
+        del d["unsigned"]["age_ts"]
+
+    d["user_id"] = d.pop("sender", None)
+
+    if "redacted_because" in e.unsigned:
+        d["redacted_because"] = serialize_event(
+            hs, e.unsigned["redacted_because"]
+        )
+
+        del d["unsigned"]["redacted_because"]
+
+    if "redacted_by" in e.unsigned:
+        d["redacted_by"] = e.unsigned["redacted_by"]
+        del d["unsigned"]["redacted_by"]
+
+    if "replaces_state" in e.unsigned:
+        d["replaces_state"] = e.unsigned["replaces_state"]
+        del d["unsigned"]["replaces_state"]
+
+    if "prev_content" in e.unsigned:
+        d["prev_content"] = e.unsigned["prev_content"]
+        del d["unsigned"]["prev_content"]
+
+    del d["auth_events"]
+    del d["prev_events"]
+    del d["hashes"]
+    del d["signatures"]
+
+    return d
diff --git a/synapse/events/validator.py b/synapse/events/validator.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ebc6c30e62
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/events/validator.py
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# Copyright 2014 OpenMarket Ltd
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+from synapse.types import EventID, RoomID, UserID
+from synapse.api.errors import SynapseError
+from synapse.api.constants import EventTypes, Membership
+
+
+class EventValidator(object):
+
+    def validate(self, event):
+        EventID.from_string(event.event_id)
+        RoomID.from_string(event.room_id)
+
+        required = [
+            # "auth_events",
+            "content",
+            # "hashes",
+            "origin",
+            # "prev_events",
+            "sender",
+            "type",
+        ]
+
+        for k in required:
+            if not hasattr(event, k):
+                raise SynapseError(400, "Event does not have key %s" % (k,))
+
+        # Check that the following keys have string values
+        strings = [
+            "origin",
+            "sender",
+            "type",
+        ]
+
+        if hasattr(event, "state_key"):
+            strings.append("state_key")
+
+        for s in strings:
+            if not isinstance(getattr(event, s), basestring):
+                raise SynapseError(400, "Not '%s' a string type" % (s,))
+
+        if event.type == EventTypes.Member:
+            if "membership" not in event.content:
+                raise SynapseError(400, "Content has not membership key")
+
+            if event.content["membership"] not in Membership.LIST:
+                raise SynapseError(400, "Invalid membership key")
+
+        # Check that the following keys have dictionary values
+        # TODO
+
+        # Check that the following keys have the correct format for DAGs
+        # TODO
+
+    def validate_new(self, event):
+        self.validate(event)
+
+        UserID.from_string(event.sender)
+
+        if event.type == EventTypes.Message:
+            strings = [
+                "body",
+                "msgtype",
+            ]
+
+            self._ensure_strings(event.content, strings)
+
+        elif event.type == EventTypes.Topic:
+            self._ensure_strings(event.content, ["topic"])
+
+        elif event.type == EventTypes.Name:
+            self._ensure_strings(event.content, ["name"])
+
+    def _ensure_strings(self, d, keys):
+        for s in keys:
+            if s not in d:
+                raise SynapseError(400, "'%s' not in content" % (s,))
+            if not isinstance(d[s], basestring):
+                raise SynapseError(400, "Not '%s' a string type" % (s,))
diff --git a/synapse/federation/replication.py b/synapse/federation/replication.py
index 0cb632fb08..9f8aadccca 100644
--- a/synapse/federation/replication.py
+++ b/synapse/federation/replication.py
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ from .persistence import TransactionActions
 
 from synapse.util.logutils import log_function
 from synapse.util.logcontext import PreserveLoggingContext
+from synapse.events import FrozenEvent
 
 import logging
 
@@ -73,7 +74,7 @@ class ReplicationLayer(object):
 
         self._clock = hs.get_clock()
 
-        self.event_factory = hs.get_event_factory()
+        self.event_builder_factory = hs.get_event_builder_factory()
 
     def set_handler(self, handler):
         """Sets the handler that the replication layer will use to communicate
@@ -112,7 +113,7 @@ class ReplicationLayer(object):
         self.query_handlers[query_type] = handler
 
     @log_function
-    def send_pdu(self, pdu):
+    def send_pdu(self, pdu, destinations):
         """Informs the replication layer about a new PDU generated within the
         home server that should be transmitted to others.
 
@@ -131,7 +132,7 @@ class ReplicationLayer(object):
         logger.debug("[%s] transaction_layer.enqueue_pdu... ", pdu.event_id)
 
         # TODO, add errback, etc.
-        self._transaction_queue.enqueue_pdu(pdu, order)
+        self._transaction_queue.enqueue_pdu(pdu, destinations, order)
 
         logger.debug(
             "[%s] transaction_layer.enqueue_pdu... done",
@@ -438,7 +439,9 @@ class ReplicationLayer(object):
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_send_join_request(self, origin, content):
+        logger.debug("on_send_join_request: content: %s", content)
         pdu = self.event_from_pdu_json(content)
+        logger.debug("on_send_join_request: pdu sigs: %s", pdu.signatures)
         res_pdus = yield self.handler.on_send_join_request(origin, pdu)
         time_now = self._clock.time_msec()
         defer.returnValue((200, {
@@ -557,7 +560,13 @@ class ReplicationLayer(object):
             origin, pdu.event_id, do_auth=False
         )
 
-        if existing and (not existing.outlier or pdu.outlier):
+        already_seen = (
+            existing and (
+                not existing.internal_metadata.outlier
+                or pdu.internal_metadata.outlier
+            )
+        )
+        if already_seen:
             logger.debug("Already seen pdu %s", pdu.event_id)
             defer.returnValue({})
             return
@@ -595,7 +604,7 @@ class ReplicationLayer(object):
         #             )
 
         # Get missing pdus if necessary.
-        if not pdu.outlier:
+        if not pdu.internal_metadata.outlier:
             # We only backfill backwards to the min depth.
             min_depth = yield self.handler.get_min_depth_for_context(
                 pdu.room_id
@@ -658,19 +667,14 @@ class ReplicationLayer(object):
         return "<ReplicationLayer(%s)>" % self.server_name
 
     def event_from_pdu_json(self, pdu_json, outlier=False):
-        #TODO: Check we have all the PDU keys here
-        pdu_json.setdefault("hashes", {})
-        pdu_json.setdefault("signatures", {})
-        sender = pdu_json.pop("sender", None)
-        if sender is not None:
-            pdu_json["user_id"] = sender
-        state_hash = pdu_json.get("unsigned", {}).pop("state_hash", None)
-        if state_hash is not None:
-            pdu_json["state_hash"] = state_hash
-        return self.event_factory.create_event(
-            pdu_json["type"], outlier=outlier, **pdu_json
+        event = FrozenEvent(
+            pdu_json
         )
 
+        event.internal_metadata.outlier = outlier
+
+        return event
+
 
 class _TransactionQueue(object):
     """This class makes sure we only have one transaction in flight at
@@ -706,15 +710,13 @@ class _TransactionQueue(object):
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     @log_function
-    def enqueue_pdu(self, pdu, order):
+    def enqueue_pdu(self, pdu, destinations, order):
         # We loop through all destinations to see whether we already have
         # a transaction in progress. If we do, stick it in the pending_pdus
         # table and we'll get back to it later.
 
-        destinations = set([
-            d for d in pdu.destinations
-            if d != self.server_name
-        ])
+        destinations = set(destinations)
+        destinations.discard(self.server_name)
 
         logger.debug("Sending to: %s", str(destinations))
 
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/_base.py b/synapse/handlers/_base.py
index 15adc9dc2c..af8eb5f0f5 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/_base.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/_base.py
@@ -15,11 +15,12 @@
 
 from twisted.internet import defer
 
-from synapse.api.errors import LimitExceededError
+from synapse.api.errors import LimitExceededError, SynapseError
 from synapse.util.async import run_on_reactor
 from synapse.crypto.event_signing import add_hashes_and_signatures
-from synapse.api.events.room import RoomMemberEvent
-from synapse.api.constants import Membership
+from synapse.api.constants import Membership, EventTypes
+
+from synapse.events.snapshot import EventContext
 
 import logging
 
@@ -31,10 +32,8 @@ class BaseHandler(object):
 
     def __init__(self, hs):
         self.store = hs.get_datastore()
-        self.event_factory = hs.get_event_factory()
         self.auth = hs.get_auth()
         self.notifier = hs.get_notifier()
-        self.room_lock = hs.get_room_lock_manager()
         self.state_handler = hs.get_state_handler()
         self.distributor = hs.get_distributor()
         self.ratelimiter = hs.get_ratelimiter()
@@ -44,6 +43,8 @@ class BaseHandler(object):
         self.signing_key = hs.config.signing_key[0]
         self.server_name = hs.hostname
 
+        self.event_builder_factory = hs.get_event_builder_factory()
+
     def ratelimit(self, user_id):
         time_now = self.clock.time()
         allowed, time_allowed = self.ratelimiter.send_message(
@@ -57,62 +58,100 @@ class BaseHandler(object):
             )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _on_new_room_event(self, event, snapshot, extra_destinations=[],
-                           extra_users=[], suppress_auth=False,
-                           do_invite_host=None):
+    def _create_new_client_event(self, builder):
         yield run_on_reactor()
 
-        snapshot.fill_out_prev_events(event)
+        context = EventContext()
+
+        latest_ret = yield self.store.get_latest_events_in_room(
+            builder.room_id,
+        )
+
+        if latest_ret:
+            depth = max([d for _, _, d in latest_ret]) + 1
+        else:
+            depth = 1
+
+        prev_events = [(e, h) for e, h, _ in latest_ret]
+
+        builder.prev_events = prev_events
+        builder.depth = depth
 
-        yield self.state_handler.annotate_event_with_state(event)
+        state_handler = self.state_handler
+        ret = yield state_handler.annotate_context_with_state(
+            builder,
+            context,
+        )
+        prev_state = ret
 
-        yield self.auth.add_auth_events(event)
+        if builder.is_state():
+            builder.prev_state = prev_state
 
-        logger.debug("Signing event...")
+        yield self.auth.add_auth_events(builder, context)
 
         add_hashes_and_signatures(
-            event, self.server_name, self.signing_key
+            builder, self.server_name, self.signing_key
+        )
+
+        event = builder.build()
+
+        logger.debug(
+            "Created event %s with auth_events: %s, current state: %s",
+            event.event_id, context.auth_events, context.current_state,
         )
 
-        logger.debug("Signed event.")
+        defer.returnValue(
+            (event, context,)
+        )
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def handle_new_client_event(self, event, context, extra_destinations=[],
+                                extra_users=[], suppress_auth=False):
+        yield run_on_reactor()
+
+        # We now need to go and hit out to wherever we need to hit out to.
 
         if not suppress_auth:
-            logger.debug("Authing...")
-            self.auth.check(event, auth_events=event.old_state_events)
-            logger.debug("Authed")
-        else:
-            logger.debug("Suppressed auth.")
+            self.auth.check(event, auth_events=context.auth_events)
 
-        if do_invite_host:
-            federation_handler = self.hs.get_handlers().federation_handler
-            invite_event = yield federation_handler.send_invite(
-                do_invite_host,
-                event
-            )
+        yield self.store.persist_event(event, context=context)
 
-            # FIXME: We need to check if the remote changed anything else
-            event.signatures = invite_event.signatures
+        federation_handler = self.hs.get_handlers().federation_handler
 
-        yield self.store.persist_event(event)
+        if event.type == EventTypes.Member:
+            if event.content["membership"] == Membership.INVITE:
+                invitee = self.hs.parse_userid(event.state_key)
+                if not self.hs.is_mine(invitee):
+                    # TODO: Can we add signature from remote server in a nicer
+                    # way? If we have been invited by a remote server, we need
+                    # to get them to sign the event.
+                    returned_invite = yield federation_handler.send_invite(
+                        invitee.domain,
+                        event,
+                    )
+
+                    # TODO: Make sure the signatures actually are correct.
+                    event.signatures.update(
+                        returned_invite.signatures
+                    )
 
         destinations = set(extra_destinations)
-        # Send a PDU to all hosts who have joined the room.
-
-        for k, s in event.state_events.items():
+        for k, s in context.current_state.items():
             try:
-                if k[0] == RoomMemberEvent.TYPE:
+                if k[0] == EventTypes.Member:
                     if s.content["membership"] == Membership.JOIN:
                         destinations.add(
                             self.hs.parse_userid(s.state_key).domain
                         )
-            except:
+            except SynapseError:
                 logger.warn(
                     "Failed to get destination from event %s", s.event_id
                 )
 
-        event.destinations = list(destinations)
-
         yield self.notifier.on_new_room_event(event, extra_users=extra_users)
 
-        federation_handler = self.hs.get_handlers().federation_handler
-        yield federation_handler.handle_new_event(event, snapshot)
+        yield federation_handler.handle_new_event(
+            event,
+            None,
+            destinations=destinations,
+        )
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/directory.py b/synapse/handlers/directory.py
index 3b37e49e6f..404baea796 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/directory.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/directory.py
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ from twisted.internet import defer
 from ._base import BaseHandler
 
 from synapse.api.errors import SynapseError, Codes, CodeMessageException
-from synapse.api.events.room import RoomAliasesEvent
+from synapse.api.constants import EventTypes
 
 import logging
 
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ class DirectoryHandler(BaseHandler):
 
         # TODO(erikj): Do auth.
 
-        if not room_alias.is_mine:
+        if not self.hs.is_mine(room_alias):
             raise SynapseError(400, "Room alias must be local")
             # TODO(erikj): Change this.
 
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ class DirectoryHandler(BaseHandler):
     def delete_association(self, user_id, room_alias):
         # TODO Check if server admin
 
-        if not room_alias.is_mine:
+        if not self.hs.is_mine(room_alias):
             raise SynapseError(400, "Room alias must be local")
 
         room_id = yield self.store.delete_room_alias(room_alias)
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ class DirectoryHandler(BaseHandler):
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_association(self, room_alias):
         room_id = None
-        if room_alias.is_mine:
+        if self.hs.is_mine(room_alias):
             result = yield self.store.get_association_from_room_alias(
                 room_alias
             )
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ class DirectoryHandler(BaseHandler):
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_directory_query(self, args):
         room_alias = self.hs.parse_roomalias(args["room_alias"])
-        if not room_alias.is_mine:
+        if not self.hs.is_mine(room_alias):
             raise SynapseError(
                 400, "Room Alias is not hosted on this Home Server"
             )
@@ -148,16 +148,12 @@ class DirectoryHandler(BaseHandler):
     def send_room_alias_update_event(self, user_id, room_id):
         aliases = yield self.store.get_aliases_for_room(room_id)
 
-        event = self.event_factory.create_event(
-            etype=RoomAliasesEvent.TYPE,
-            state_key=self.hs.hostname,
-            room_id=room_id,
-            user_id=user_id,
-            content={"aliases": aliases},
-        )
-
-        snapshot = yield self.store.snapshot_room(event)
+        msg_handler = self.hs.get_handlers().message_handler
+        yield msg_handler.create_and_send_event({
+            "type": EventTypes.Aliases,
+            "state_key": self.hs.hostname,
+            "room_id": room_id,
+            "sender": user_id,
+            "content": {"aliases": aliases},
+        })
 
-        yield self._on_new_room_event(
-            event, snapshot, extra_users=[user_id], suppress_auth=True
-        )
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/federation.py b/synapse/handlers/federation.py
index cfb5029774..16a104c0e2 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/federation.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/federation.py
@@ -17,12 +17,12 @@
 
 from ._base import BaseHandler
 
-from synapse.api.events.utils import prune_event
+from synapse.events.snapshot import EventContext
+from synapse.events.utils import prune_event
 from synapse.api.errors import (
     AuthError, FederationError, SynapseError, StoreError,
 )
-from synapse.api.events.room import RoomMemberEvent, RoomCreateEvent
-from synapse.api.constants import Membership
+from synapse.api.constants import EventTypes, Membership
 from synapse.util.logutils import log_function
 from synapse.util.async import run_on_reactor
 from synapse.crypto.event_signing import (
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
 
     @log_function
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def handle_new_event(self, event, snapshot):
+    def handle_new_event(self, event, snapshot, destinations):
         """ Takes in an event from the client to server side, that has already
         been authed and handled by the state module, and sends it to any
         remote home servers that may be interested.
@@ -92,12 +92,7 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
 
         yield run_on_reactor()
 
-        pdu = event
-
-        if not hasattr(pdu, "destinations") or not pdu.destinations:
-            pdu.destinations = []
-
-        yield self.replication_layer.send_pdu(pdu)
+        yield self.replication_layer.send_pdu(event, destinations)
 
     @log_function
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -140,7 +135,7 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
         if not check_event_content_hash(event):
             logger.warn(
                 "Event content has been tampered, redacting %s, %s",
-                event.event_id, encode_canonical_json(event.get_full_dict())
+                event.event_id, encode_canonical_json(event.get_dict())
             )
             event = redacted_event
 
@@ -153,7 +148,7 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
             event.room_id,
             self.server_name
         )
-        if not is_in_room and not event.outlier:
+        if not is_in_room and not event.internal_metadata.outlier:
             logger.debug("Got event for room we're not in.")
 
             replication_layer = self.replication_layer
@@ -164,7 +159,7 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
             )
 
             for e in auth_chain:
-                e.outlier = True
+                e.internal_metadata.outlier = True
                 try:
                     yield self._handle_new_event(e, fetch_missing=False)
                 except:
@@ -184,7 +179,7 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
 
         if state:
             for e in state:
-                e.outlier = True
+                e.internal_metadata.outlier = True
                 try:
                     yield self._handle_new_event(e)
                 except:
@@ -229,7 +224,7 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
 
         if not backfilled:
             extra_users = []
-            if event.type == RoomMemberEvent.TYPE:
+            if event.type == EventTypes.Member:
                 target_user_id = event.state_key
                 target_user = self.hs.parse_userid(target_user_id)
                 extra_users.append(target_user)
@@ -238,7 +233,7 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
                 event, extra_users=extra_users
             )
 
-        if event.type == RoomMemberEvent.TYPE:
+        if event.type == EventTypes.Member:
             if event.membership == Membership.JOIN:
                 user = self.hs.parse_userid(event.state_key)
                 yield self.distributor.fire(
@@ -265,11 +260,18 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
             event = pdu
 
             # FIXME (erikj): Not sure this actually works :/
-            yield self.state_handler.annotate_event_with_state(event)
+            context = EventContext()
+            yield self.state_handler.annotate_context_with_state(event, context)
 
-            events.append(event)
+            events.append(
+                (event, context)
+            )
 
-            yield self.store.persist_event(event, backfilled=True)
+            yield self.store.persist_event(
+                event,
+                context=context,
+                backfilled=True
+            )
 
         defer.returnValue(events)
 
@@ -286,8 +288,6 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
             pdu=event
         )
 
-
-
         defer.returnValue(pdu)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -332,42 +332,55 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
         event = pdu
 
         # We should assert some things.
-        assert(event.type == RoomMemberEvent.TYPE)
+        # FIXME: Do this in a nicer way
+        assert(event.type == EventTypes.Member)
         assert(event.user_id == joinee)
         assert(event.state_key == joinee)
         assert(event.room_id == room_id)
 
-        event.outlier = False
+        event.internal_metadata.outlier = False
 
         self.room_queues[room_id] = []
 
+        builder = self.event_builder_factory.new(
+            event.get_pdu_json()
+        )
+
+        handled_events = set()
+
         try:
-            event.event_id = self.event_factory.create_event_id()
-            event.origin = self.hs.hostname
-            event.content = content
+            builder.event_id = self.event_builder_factory.create_event_id()
+            builder.origin = self.hs.hostname
+            builder.content = content
 
             if not hasattr(event, "signatures"):
-                event.signatures = {}
+                builder.signatures = {}
 
             add_hashes_and_signatures(
-                event,
+                builder,
                 self.hs.hostname,
                 self.hs.config.signing_key[0],
             )
 
+            new_event = builder.build()
+
             ret = yield self.replication_layer.send_join(
                 target_host,
-                event
+                new_event
             )
 
             state = ret["state"]
             auth_chain = ret["auth_chain"]
             auth_chain.sort(key=lambda e: e.depth)
 
+            handled_events.update([s.event_id for s in state])
+            handled_events.update([a.event_id for a in auth_chain])
+            handled_events.add(new_event.event_id)
+
             logger.debug("do_invite_join auth_chain: %s", auth_chain)
             logger.debug("do_invite_join state: %s", state)
 
-            logger.debug("do_invite_join event: %s", event)
+            logger.debug("do_invite_join event: %s", new_event)
 
             try:
                 yield self.store.store_room(
@@ -380,7 +393,7 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
                 pass
 
             for e in auth_chain:
-                e.outlier = True
+                e.internal_metadata.outlier = True
                 try:
                     yield self._handle_new_event(e, fetch_missing=False)
                 except:
@@ -391,7 +404,7 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
 
             for e in state:
                 # FIXME: Auth these.
-                e.outlier = True
+                e.internal_metadata.outlier = True
                 try:
                     yield self._handle_new_event(
                         e,
@@ -404,13 +417,13 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
                     )
 
             yield self._handle_new_event(
-                event,
+                new_event,
                 state=state,
                 current_state=state,
             )
 
             yield self.notifier.on_new_room_event(
-                event, extra_users=[joinee]
+                new_event, extra_users=[joinee]
             )
 
             logger.debug("Finished joining %s to %s", joinee, room_id)
@@ -419,6 +432,9 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
             del self.room_queues[room_id]
 
             for p, origin in room_queue:
+                if p.event_id in handled_events:
+                    continue
+
                 try:
                     self.on_receive_pdu(origin, p, backfilled=False)
                 except:
@@ -428,25 +444,24 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     @log_function
-    def on_make_join_request(self, context, user_id):
+    def on_make_join_request(self, room_id, user_id):
         """ We've received a /make_join/ request, so we create a partial
         join event for the room and return that. We don *not* persist or
         process it until the other server has signed it and sent it back.
         """
-        event = self.event_factory.create_event(
-            etype=RoomMemberEvent.TYPE,
-            content={"membership": Membership.JOIN},
-            room_id=context,
-            user_id=user_id,
-            state_key=user_id,
-        )
+        builder = self.event_builder_factory.new({
+            "type": EventTypes.Member,
+            "content": {"membership": Membership.JOIN},
+            "room_id": room_id,
+            "sender": user_id,
+            "state_key": user_id,
+        })
 
-        snapshot = yield self.store.snapshot_room(event)
-        snapshot.fill_out_prev_events(event)
+        event, context = yield self._create_new_client_event(
+            builder=builder,
+        )
 
-        yield self.state_handler.annotate_event_with_state(event)
-        yield self.auth.add_auth_events(event)
-        self.auth.check(event, auth_events=event.old_state_events)
+        self.auth.check(event, auth_events=context.auth_events)
 
         pdu = event
 
@@ -460,12 +475,24 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
         """
         event = pdu
 
-        event.outlier = False
+        logger.debug(
+            "on_send_join_request: Got event: %s, signatures: %s",
+            event.event_id,
+            event.signatures,
+        )
+
+        event.internal_metadata.outlier = False
 
-        yield self._handle_new_event(event)
+        context = yield self._handle_new_event(event)
+
+        logger.debug(
+            "on_send_join_request: After _handle_new_event: %s, sigs: %s",
+            event.event_id,
+            event.signatures,
+        )
 
         extra_users = []
-        if event.type == RoomMemberEvent.TYPE:
+        if event.type == EventTypes.Member:
             target_user_id = event.state_key
             target_user = self.hs.parse_userid(target_user_id)
             extra_users.append(target_user)
@@ -474,7 +501,7 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
             event, extra_users=extra_users
         )
 
-        if event.type == RoomMemberEvent.TYPE:
+        if event.type == EventTypes.Member:
             if event.content["membership"] == Membership.JOIN:
                 user = self.hs.parse_userid(event.state_key)
                 yield self.distributor.fire(
@@ -485,9 +512,9 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
 
         destinations = set()
 
-        for k, s in event.state_events.items():
+        for k, s in context.current_state.items():
             try:
-                if k[0] == RoomMemberEvent.TYPE:
+                if k[0] == EventTypes.Member:
                     if s.content["membership"] == Membership.JOIN:
                         destinations.add(
                             self.hs.parse_userid(s.state_key).domain
@@ -497,14 +524,18 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
                     "Failed to get destination from event %s", s.event_id
                 )
 
-        new_pdu.destinations = list(destinations)
+        logger.debug(
+            "on_send_join_request: Sending event: %s, signatures: %s",
+            event.event_id,
+            event.signatures,
+        )
 
-        yield self.replication_layer.send_pdu(new_pdu)
+        yield self.replication_layer.send_pdu(new_pdu, destinations)
 
         auth_chain = yield self.store.get_auth_chain(event.event_id)
 
         defer.returnValue({
-            "state": event.state_events.values(),
+            "state": context.current_state.values(),
             "auth_chain": auth_chain,
         })
 
@@ -516,7 +547,9 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
         """
         event = pdu
 
-        event.outlier = True
+        context = EventContext()
+
+        event.internal_metadata.outlier = True
 
         event.signatures.update(
             compute_event_signature(
@@ -526,10 +559,11 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
             )
         )
 
-        yield self.state_handler.annotate_event_with_state(event)
+        yield self.state_handler.annotate_context_with_state(event, context)
 
         yield self.store.persist_event(
             event,
+            context=context,
             backfilled=False,
         )
 
@@ -559,13 +593,13 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
             }
 
             event = yield self.store.get_event(event_id)
-            if hasattr(event, "state_key"):
+            if event and event.is_state():
                 # Get previous state
-                if hasattr(event, "replaces_state") and event.replaces_state:
-                    prev_event = yield self.store.get_event(
-                        event.replaces_state
-                    )
-                    results[(event.type, event.state_key)] = prev_event
+                if "replaces_state" in event.unsigned:
+                    prev_id = event.unsigned["replaces_state"]
+                    if prev_id != event.event_id:
+                        prev_event = yield self.store.get_event(prev_id)
+                        results[(event.type, event.state_key)] = prev_event
                 else:
                     del results[(event.type, event.state_key)]
 
@@ -651,74 +685,81 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _handle_new_event(self, event, state=None, backfilled=False,
                           current_state=None, fetch_missing=True):
-        is_new_state = yield self.state_handler.annotate_event_with_state(
+        context = EventContext()
+
+        logger.debug(
+            "_handle_new_event: Before annotate: %s, sigs: %s",
+            event.event_id, event.signatures,
+        )
+
+        yield self.state_handler.annotate_context_with_state(
             event,
+            context,
             old_state=state
         )
 
-        if event.old_state_events:
-            known_ids = set(
-                [s.event_id for s in event.old_state_events.values()]
-            )
-            for e_id, _ in event.auth_events:
-                if e_id not in known_ids:
-                    e = yield self.store.get_event(
-                        e_id,
-                        allow_none=True,
-                    )
-
-                    if not e:
-                        # TODO: Do some conflict res to make sure that we're
-                        # not the ones who are wrong.
-                        logger.info(
-                            "Rejecting %s as %s not in %s",
-                            event.event_id, e_id, known_ids,
-                        )
-                        raise AuthError(403, "Auth events are stale")
-
-            auth_events = event.old_state_events
-        else:
-            # We need to get the auth events from somewhere.
+        logger.debug(
+            "_handle_new_event: Before auth fetch: %s, sigs: %s",
+            event.event_id, event.signatures,
+        )
 
-            # TODO: Don't just hit the DBs?
+        is_new_state = not event.internal_metadata.is_outlier()
 
-            auth_events = {}
-            for e_id, _ in event.auth_events:
+        known_ids = set(
+            [s.event_id for s in context.auth_events.values()]
+        )
+        for e_id, _ in event.auth_events:
+            if e_id not in known_ids:
                 e = yield self.store.get_event(
-                    e_id,
-                    allow_none=True,
+                    e_id, allow_none=True,
                 )
 
                 if not e:
-                    e = yield self.replication_layer.get_pdu(
-                        event.origin, e_id, outlier=True
+                    # TODO: Do some conflict res to make sure that we're
+                    # not the ones who are wrong.
+                    logger.info(
+                        "Rejecting %s as %s not in db or %s",
+                        event.event_id, e_id, known_ids,
                     )
+                    # FIXME: How does raising AuthError work with federation?
+                    raise AuthError(403, "Auth events are stale")
 
-                    if e and fetch_missing:
-                        try:
-                            yield self.on_receive_pdu(event.origin, e, False)
-                        except:
-                            logger.exception(
-                                "Failed to parse auth event %s",
-                                e_id,
-                            )
+                context.auth_events[(e.type, e.state_key)] = e
 
-                if not e:
-                    logger.warn("Can't find auth event %s.", e_id)
+        logger.debug(
+            "_handle_new_event: Before hack: %s, sigs: %s",
+            event.event_id, event.signatures,
+        )
 
-                auth_events[(e.type, e.state_key)] = e
+        if event.type == EventTypes.Member and not event.auth_events:
+            if len(event.prev_events) == 1:
+                c = yield self.store.get_event(event.prev_events[0][0])
+                if c.type == EventTypes.Create:
+                    context.auth_events[(c.type, c.state_key)] = c
 
-            if event.type == RoomMemberEvent.TYPE and not event.auth_events:
-                if len(event.prev_events) == 1:
-                    c = yield self.store.get_event(event.prev_events[0][0])
-                    if c.type == RoomCreateEvent.TYPE:
-                        auth_events[(c.type, c.state_key)] = c
+        logger.debug(
+            "_handle_new_event: Before auth check: %s, sigs: %s",
+            event.event_id, event.signatures,
+        )
 
-        self.auth.check(event, auth_events=auth_events)
+        self.auth.check(event, auth_events=context.auth_events)
+
+        logger.debug(
+            "_handle_new_event: Before persist_event: %s, sigs: %s",
+            event.event_id, event.signatures,
+        )
 
         yield self.store.persist_event(
             event,
+            context=context,
             backfilled=backfilled,
             is_new_state=(is_new_state and not backfilled),
             current_state=current_state,
         )
+
+        logger.debug(
+            "_handle_new_event: After persist_event: %s, sigs: %s",
+            event.event_id, event.signatures,
+        )
+
+        defer.returnValue(context)
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/message.py b/synapse/handlers/message.py
index 42dc4d46f3..baf372fdad 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/message.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/message.py
@@ -15,10 +15,13 @@
 
 from twisted.internet import defer
 
-from synapse.api.constants import Membership
+from synapse.api.constants import EventTypes, Membership
 from synapse.api.errors import RoomError
 from synapse.streams.config import PaginationConfig
 from synapse.util.logcontext import PreserveLoggingContext
+
+from synapse.events.validator import EventValidator
+
 from ._base import BaseHandler
 
 import logging
@@ -32,7 +35,7 @@ class MessageHandler(BaseHandler):
         super(MessageHandler, self).__init__(hs)
         self.hs = hs
         self.clock = hs.get_clock()
-        self.event_factory = hs.get_event_factory()
+        self.validator = EventValidator()
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_message(self, msg_id=None, room_id=None, sender_id=None,
@@ -79,7 +82,7 @@ class MessageHandler(BaseHandler):
         self.ratelimit(event.user_id)
         # TODO(paul): Why does 'event' not have a 'user' object?
         user = self.hs.parse_userid(event.user_id)
-        assert user.is_mine, "User must be our own: %s" % (user,)
+        assert self.hs.is_mine(user), "User must be our own: %s" % (user,)
 
         snapshot = yield self.store.snapshot_room(event)
 
@@ -134,19 +137,48 @@ class MessageHandler(BaseHandler):
         defer.returnValue(chunk)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def store_room_data(self, event=None):
-        """ Stores data for a room.
+    def create_and_send_event(self, event_dict):
+        """ Given a dict from a client, create and handle a new event.
+
+        Creates an FrozenEvent object, filling out auth_events, prev_events,
+        etc.
+
+        Adds display names to Join membership events.
+
+        Persists and notifies local clients and federation.
 
         Args:
-            event : The room path event
-            stamp_event (bool) : True to stamp event content with server keys.
-        Raises:
-            SynapseError if something went wrong.
+            event_dict (dict): An entire event
         """
+        builder = self.event_builder_factory.new(event_dict)
+
+        self.validator.validate_new(builder)
+
+        if builder.type == EventTypes.Member:
+            membership = builder.content.get("membership", None)
+            if membership == Membership.JOIN:
+                joinee = self.hs.parse_userid(builder.state_key)
+                # If event doesn't include a display name, add one.
+                yield self.distributor.fire(
+                    "collect_presencelike_data",
+                    joinee,
+                    builder.content
+                )
 
-        snapshot = yield self.store.snapshot_room(event)
+        event, context = yield self._create_new_client_event(
+            builder=builder,
+        )
 
-        yield self._on_new_room_event(event, snapshot)
+        if event.type == EventTypes.Member:
+            member_handler = self.hs.get_handlers().room_member_handler
+            yield member_handler.change_membership(event, context)
+        else:
+            yield self.handle_new_client_event(
+                event=event,
+                context=context,
+            )
+
+        defer.returnValue(event)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_room_data(self, user_id=None, room_id=None,
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/presence.py b/synapse/handlers/presence.py
index 84a039489f..f3abfecdee 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/presence.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/presence.py
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ class PresenceHandler(BaseHandler):
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def is_presence_visible(self, observer_user, observed_user):
-        assert(observed_user.is_mine)
+        assert(self.hs.is_mine(observed_user))
 
         if observer_user == observed_user:
             defer.returnValue(True)
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ class PresenceHandler(BaseHandler):
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_state(self, target_user, auth_user, as_event=False):
-        if target_user.is_mine:
+        if self.hs.is_mine(target_user):
             visible = yield self.is_presence_visible(
                 observer_user=auth_user,
                 observed_user=target_user
@@ -212,7 +212,7 @@ class PresenceHandler(BaseHandler):
         # TODO (erikj): Turn this back on. Why did we end up sending EDUs
         # everywhere?
 
-        if not target_user.is_mine:
+        if not self.hs.is_mine(target_user):
             raise SynapseError(400, "User is not hosted on this Home Server")
 
         if target_user != auth_user:
@@ -291,7 +291,7 @@ class PresenceHandler(BaseHandler):
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def user_joined_room(self, user, room_id):
-        if user.is_mine:
+        if self.hs.is_mine(user):
             statuscache = self._get_or_make_usercache(user)
 
             # No actual update but we need to bump the serial anyway for the
@@ -309,7 +309,7 @@ class PresenceHandler(BaseHandler):
         rm_handler = self.homeserver.get_handlers().room_member_handler
         curr_users = yield rm_handler.get_room_members(room_id)
 
-        for local_user in [c for c in curr_users if c.is_mine]:
+        for local_user in [c for c in curr_users if self.hs.is_mine(c)]:
             self.push_update_to_local_and_remote(
                 observed_user=local_user,
                 users_to_push=[user],
@@ -318,14 +318,14 @@ class PresenceHandler(BaseHandler):
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def send_invite(self, observer_user, observed_user):
-        if not observer_user.is_mine:
+        if not self.hs.is_mine(observer_user):
             raise SynapseError(400, "User is not hosted on this Home Server")
 
         yield self.store.add_presence_list_pending(
             observer_user.localpart, observed_user.to_string()
         )
 
-        if observed_user.is_mine:
+        if self.hs.is_mine(observed_user):
             yield self.invite_presence(observed_user, observer_user)
         else:
             yield self.federation.send_edu(
@@ -339,7 +339,7 @@ class PresenceHandler(BaseHandler):
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _should_accept_invite(self, observed_user, observer_user):
-        if not observed_user.is_mine:
+        if not self.hs.is_mine(observed_user):
             defer.returnValue(False)
 
         row = yield self.store.has_presence_state(observed_user.localpart)
@@ -359,7 +359,7 @@ class PresenceHandler(BaseHandler):
                 observed_user.localpart, observer_user.to_string()
             )
 
-        if observer_user.is_mine:
+        if self.hs.is_mine(observer_user):
             if accept:
                 yield self.accept_presence(observed_user, observer_user)
             else:
@@ -396,7 +396,7 @@ class PresenceHandler(BaseHandler):
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def drop(self, observed_user, observer_user):
-        if not observer_user.is_mine:
+        if not self.hs.is_mine(observer_user):
             raise SynapseError(400, "User is not hosted on this Home Server")
 
         yield self.store.del_presence_list(
@@ -410,7 +410,7 @@ class PresenceHandler(BaseHandler):
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_presence_list(self, observer_user, accepted=None):
-        if not observer_user.is_mine:
+        if not self.hs.is_mine(observer_user):
             raise SynapseError(400, "User is not hosted on this Home Server")
 
         presence = yield self.store.get_presence_list(
@@ -465,7 +465,7 @@ class PresenceHandler(BaseHandler):
         )
 
         for target_user in target_users:
-            if target_user.is_mine:
+            if self.hs.is_mine(target_user):
                 self._start_polling_local(user, target_user)
 
                 # We want to tell the person that just came online
@@ -477,7 +477,7 @@ class PresenceHandler(BaseHandler):
                 )
 
         deferreds = []
-        remote_users = [u for u in target_users if not u.is_mine]
+        remote_users = [u for u in target_users if not self.hs.is_mine(u)]
         remoteusers_by_domain = partition(remote_users, lambda u: u.domain)
         # Only poll for people in our get_presence_list
         for domain in remoteusers_by_domain:
@@ -520,7 +520,7 @@ class PresenceHandler(BaseHandler):
     def stop_polling_presence(self, user, target_user=None):
         logger.debug("Stop polling for presence from %s", user)
 
-        if not target_user or target_user.is_mine:
+        if not target_user or self.hs.is_mine(target_user):
             self._stop_polling_local(user, target_user=target_user)
 
         deferreds = []
@@ -579,7 +579,7 @@ class PresenceHandler(BaseHandler):
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     @log_function
     def push_presence(self, user, statuscache):
-        assert(user.is_mine)
+        assert(self.hs.is_mine(user))
 
         logger.debug("Pushing presence update from %s", user)
 
@@ -696,7 +696,7 @@ class PresenceHandler(BaseHandler):
         for poll in content.get("poll", []):
             user = self.hs.parse_userid(poll)
 
-            if not user.is_mine:
+            if not self.hs.is_mine(user):
                 continue
 
             # TODO(paul) permissions checks
@@ -711,7 +711,7 @@ class PresenceHandler(BaseHandler):
         for unpoll in content.get("unpoll", []):
             user = self.hs.parse_userid(unpoll)
 
-            if not user.is_mine:
+            if not self.hs.is_mine(user):
                 continue
 
             if user in self._remote_sendmap:
@@ -730,7 +730,7 @@ class PresenceHandler(BaseHandler):
 
         localusers, remoteusers = partitionbool(
             users_to_push,
-            lambda u: u.is_mine
+            lambda u: self.hs.is_mine(u)
         )
 
         localusers = set(localusers)
@@ -788,7 +788,7 @@ class PresenceEventSource(object):
                 [u.to_string() for u in observer_user, observed_user])):
             defer.returnValue(True)
 
-        if observed_user.is_mine:
+        if self.hs.is_mine(observed_user):
             pushmap = presence._local_pushmap
 
             defer.returnValue(
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/profile.py b/synapse/handlers/profile.py
index 814b3b68fe..33a2c167ec 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/profile.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/profile.py
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ class ProfileHandler(BaseHandler):
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_displayname(self, target_user):
-        if target_user.is_mine:
+        if self.hs.is_mine(target_user):
             displayname = yield self.store.get_profile_displayname(
                 target_user.localpart
             )
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ class ProfileHandler(BaseHandler):
     def set_displayname(self, target_user, auth_user, new_displayname):
         """target_user is the user whose displayname is to be changed;
         auth_user is the user attempting to make this change."""
-        if not target_user.is_mine:
+        if not self.hs.is_mine(target_user):
             raise SynapseError(400, "User is not hosted on this Home Server")
 
         if target_user != auth_user:
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ class ProfileHandler(BaseHandler):
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_avatar_url(self, target_user):
-        if target_user.is_mine:
+        if self.hs.is_mine(target_user):
             avatar_url = yield self.store.get_profile_avatar_url(
                 target_user.localpart
             )
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ class ProfileHandler(BaseHandler):
     def set_avatar_url(self, target_user, auth_user, new_avatar_url):
         """target_user is the user whose avatar_url is to be changed;
         auth_user is the user attempting to make this change."""
-        if not target_user.is_mine:
+        if not self.hs.is_mine(target_user):
             raise SynapseError(400, "User is not hosted on this Home Server")
 
         if target_user != auth_user:
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ class ProfileHandler(BaseHandler):
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def collect_presencelike_data(self, user, state):
-        if not user.is_mine:
+        if not self.hs.is_mine(user):
             defer.returnValue(None)
 
         with PreserveLoggingContext():
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ class ProfileHandler(BaseHandler):
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_profile_query(self, args):
         user = self.hs.parse_userid(args["user_id"])
-        if not user.is_mine:
+        if not self.hs.is_mine(user):
             raise SynapseError(400, "User is not hosted on this Home Server")
 
         just_field = args.get("field", None)
@@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ class ProfileHandler(BaseHandler):
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _update_join_states(self, user):
-        if not user.is_mine:
+        if not self.hs.is_mine(user):
             return
 
         joins = yield self.store.get_rooms_for_user_where_membership_is(
@@ -200,8 +200,6 @@ class ProfileHandler(BaseHandler):
         )
 
         for j in joins:
-            snapshot = yield self.store.snapshot_room(j)
-
             content = {
                 "membership": j.content["membership"],
             }
@@ -210,14 +208,11 @@ class ProfileHandler(BaseHandler):
                 "collect_presencelike_data", user, content
             )
 
-            new_event = self.event_factory.create_event(
-                etype=j.type,
-                room_id=j.room_id,
-                state_key=j.state_key,
-                content=content,
-                user_id=j.state_key,
-            )
-
-            yield self._on_new_room_event(
-                new_event, snapshot, suppress_auth=True
-            )
+            msg_handler = self.hs.get_handlers().message_handler
+            yield msg_handler.create_and_send_event({
+                "type": j.type,
+                "room_id": j.room_id,
+                "state_key": j.state_key,
+                "content": content,
+                "sender": j.state_key,
+            })
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/register.py b/synapse/handlers/register.py
index 48c326ebf0..15d8716455 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/register.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/register.py
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ from synapse.api.errors import (
 )
 from ._base import BaseHandler
 import synapse.util.stringutils as stringutils
+from synapse.util.async import run_on_reactor
 from synapse.http.client import SimpleHttpClient
 from synapse.http.client import CaptchaServerHttpClient
 
@@ -54,12 +55,13 @@ class RegistrationHandler(BaseHandler):
         Raises:
             RegistrationError if there was a problem registering.
         """
+        yield run_on_reactor()
         password_hash = None
         if password:
             password_hash = bcrypt.hashpw(password, bcrypt.gensalt())
 
         if localpart:
-            user = UserID(localpart, self.hs.hostname, True)
+            user = UserID(localpart, self.hs.hostname)
             user_id = user.to_string()
 
             token = self._generate_token(user_id)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ class RegistrationHandler(BaseHandler):
             while not user_id and not token:
                 try:
                     localpart = self._generate_user_id()
-                    user = UserID(localpart, self.hs.hostname, True)
+                    user = UserID(localpart, self.hs.hostname)
                     user_id = user.to_string()
 
                     token = self._generate_token(user_id)
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/room.py b/synapse/handlers/room.py
index c802e8f69d..8567d7409d 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/room.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/room.py
@@ -17,12 +17,8 @@
 from twisted.internet import defer
 
 from synapse.types import UserID, RoomAlias, RoomID
-from synapse.api.constants import Membership, JoinRules
+from synapse.api.constants import EventTypes, Membership, JoinRules
 from synapse.api.errors import StoreError, SynapseError
-from synapse.api.events.room import (
-    RoomMemberEvent, RoomCreateEvent, RoomPowerLevelsEvent,
-    RoomTopicEvent, RoomNameEvent, RoomJoinRulesEvent,
-)
 from synapse.util import stringutils
 from synapse.util.async import run_on_reactor
 from ._base import BaseHandler
@@ -52,9 +48,9 @@ class RoomCreationHandler(BaseHandler):
         self.ratelimit(user_id)
 
         if "room_alias_name" in config:
-            room_alias = RoomAlias.create_local(
+            room_alias = RoomAlias.create(
                 config["room_alias_name"],
-                self.hs
+                self.hs.hostname,
             )
             mapping = yield self.store.get_association_from_room_alias(
                 room_alias
@@ -76,8 +72,8 @@ class RoomCreationHandler(BaseHandler):
 
         if room_id:
             # Ensure room_id is the correct type
-            room_id_obj = RoomID.from_string(room_id, self.hs)
-            if not room_id_obj.is_mine:
+            room_id_obj = RoomID.from_string(room_id)
+            if not self.hs.is_mine(room_id_obj):
                 raise SynapseError(400, "Room id must be local")
 
             yield self.store.store_room(
@@ -93,7 +89,10 @@ class RoomCreationHandler(BaseHandler):
             while attempts < 5:
                 try:
                     random_string = stringutils.random_string(18)
-                    gen_room_id = RoomID.create_local(random_string, self.hs)
+                    gen_room_id = RoomID.create(
+                        random_string,
+                        self.hs.hostname,
+                    )
                     yield self.store.store_room(
                         room_id=gen_room_id.to_string(),
                         room_creator_user_id=user_id,
@@ -120,59 +119,37 @@ class RoomCreationHandler(BaseHandler):
             user, room_id, is_public=is_public
         )
 
-        room_member_handler = self.hs.get_handlers().room_member_handler
-
-        @defer.inlineCallbacks
-        def handle_event(event):
-            snapshot = yield self.store.snapshot_room(event)
-
-            logger.debug("Event: %s", event)
-
-            if event.type == RoomMemberEvent.TYPE:
-                yield room_member_handler.change_membership(
-                    event,
-                    do_auth=True
-                )
-            else:
-                yield self._on_new_room_event(
-                    event, snapshot, extra_users=[user], suppress_auth=True
-                )
+        msg_handler = self.hs.get_handlers().message_handler
 
         for event in creation_events:
-            yield handle_event(event)
+            yield msg_handler.create_and_send_event(event)
 
         if "name" in config:
             name = config["name"]
-            name_event = self.event_factory.create_event(
-                etype=RoomNameEvent.TYPE,
-                room_id=room_id,
-                user_id=user_id,
-                content={"name": name},
-            )
-
-            yield handle_event(name_event)
+            yield msg_handler.create_and_send_event({
+                "type": EventTypes.Name,
+                "room_id": room_id,
+                "sender": user_id,
+                "content": {"name": name},
+            })
 
         if "topic" in config:
             topic = config["topic"]
-            topic_event = self.event_factory.create_event(
-                etype=RoomTopicEvent.TYPE,
-                room_id=room_id,
-                user_id=user_id,
-                content={"topic": topic},
-            )
-
-            yield handle_event(topic_event)
+            yield msg_handler.create_and_send_event({
+                "type": EventTypes.Topic,
+                "room_id": room_id,
+                "sender": user_id,
+                "content": {"topic": topic},
+            })
 
-        content = {"membership": Membership.INVITE}
         for invitee in invite_list:
-            invite_event = self.event_factory.create_event(
-                etype=RoomMemberEvent.TYPE,
-                state_key=invitee,
-                room_id=room_id,
-                user_id=user_id,
-                content=content
-            )
-            yield handle_event(invite_event)
+            yield msg_handler.create_and_send_event({
+                "type": EventTypes.Member,
+                "state_key": invitee,
+                "room_id": room_id,
+                "user_id": user_id,
+                "content": {"membership": Membership.INVITE},
+            })
 
         result = {"room_id": room_id}
 
@@ -189,40 +166,44 @@ class RoomCreationHandler(BaseHandler):
 
         event_keys = {
             "room_id": room_id,
-            "user_id": creator_id,
+            "sender": creator_id,
+            "state_key": "",
         }
 
-        def create(etype, **content):
-            return self.event_factory.create_event(
-                etype=etype,
-                content=content,
-                **event_keys
-            )
+        def create(etype, content, **kwargs):
+            e = {
+                "type": etype,
+                "content": content,
+            }
+
+            e.update(event_keys)
+            e.update(kwargs)
+
+            return e
 
         creation_event = create(
-            etype=RoomCreateEvent.TYPE,
-            creator=creator.to_string(),
+            etype=EventTypes.Create,
+            content={"creator": creator.to_string()},
         )
 
-        join_event = self.event_factory.create_event(
-            etype=RoomMemberEvent.TYPE,
+        join_event = create(
+            etype=EventTypes.Member,
             state_key=creator_id,
             content={
                 "membership": Membership.JOIN,
             },
-            **event_keys
         )
 
-        power_levels_event = self.event_factory.create_event(
-            etype=RoomPowerLevelsEvent.TYPE,
+        power_levels_event = create(
+            etype=EventTypes.PowerLevels,
             content={
                 "users": {
                     creator.to_string(): 100,
                 },
                 "users_default": 0,
                 "events": {
-                    RoomNameEvent.TYPE: 100,
-                    RoomPowerLevelsEvent.TYPE: 100,
+                    EventTypes.Name: 100,
+                    EventTypes.PowerLevels: 100,
                 },
                 "events_default": 0,
                 "state_default": 50,
@@ -230,13 +211,12 @@ class RoomCreationHandler(BaseHandler):
                 "kick": 50,
                 "redact": 50
             },
-            **event_keys
         )
 
         join_rule = JoinRules.PUBLIC if is_public else JoinRules.INVITE
         join_rules_event = create(
-            etype=RoomJoinRulesEvent.TYPE,
-            join_rule=join_rule,
+            etype=EventTypes.JoinRules,
+            content={"join_rule": join_rule},
         )
 
         return [
@@ -288,7 +268,7 @@ class RoomMemberHandler(BaseHandler):
             if ignore_user is not None and member == ignore_user:
                 continue
 
-            if member.is_mine:
+            if self.hs.is_mine(member):
                 if localusers is not None:
                     localusers.add(member)
             else:
@@ -349,7 +329,7 @@ class RoomMemberHandler(BaseHandler):
         defer.returnValue(member)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def change_membership(self, event=None, do_auth=True):
+    def change_membership(self, event, context, do_auth=True):
         """ Change the membership status of a user in a room.
 
         Args:
@@ -359,11 +339,9 @@ class RoomMemberHandler(BaseHandler):
         """
         target_user_id = event.state_key
 
-        snapshot = yield self.store.snapshot_room(event)
-
-        ## TODO(markjh): get prev state from snapshot.
-        prev_state = yield self.store.get_room_member(
-            target_user_id, event.room_id
+        prev_state = context.current_state.get(
+            (EventTypes.Member, target_user_id),
+            None
         )
 
         room_id = event.room_id
@@ -372,10 +350,11 @@ class RoomMemberHandler(BaseHandler):
         # if this HS is not currently in the room, i.e. we have to do the
         # invite/join dance.
         if event.membership == Membership.JOIN:
-            yield self._do_join(event, snapshot, do_auth=do_auth)
+            yield self._do_join(event, context, do_auth=do_auth)
         else:
             # This is not a JOIN, so we can handle it normally.
 
+            # FIXME: This isn't idempotency.
             if prev_state and prev_state.membership == event.membership:
                 # double same action, treat this event as a NOOP.
                 defer.returnValue({})
@@ -384,7 +363,7 @@ class RoomMemberHandler(BaseHandler):
             yield self._do_local_membership_update(
                 event,
                 membership=event.content["membership"],
-                snapshot=snapshot,
+                context=context,
                 do_auth=do_auth,
             )
 
@@ -412,32 +391,26 @@ class RoomMemberHandler(BaseHandler):
         host = hosts[0]
 
         content.update({"membership": Membership.JOIN})
-        new_event = self.event_factory.create_event(
-            etype=RoomMemberEvent.TYPE,
-            state_key=joinee.to_string(),
-            room_id=room_id,
-            user_id=joinee.to_string(),
-            membership=Membership.JOIN,
-            content=content,
-        )
-
-        snapshot = yield self.store.snapshot_room(new_event)
+        builder = self.event_builder_factory.new({
+            "type": EventTypes.Member,
+            "state_key": joinee.to_string(),
+            "room_id": room_id,
+            "sender": joinee.to_string(),
+            "membership": Membership.JOIN,
+            "content": content,
+        })
+        event, context = yield self._create_new_client_event(builder)
 
-        yield self._do_join(new_event, snapshot, room_host=host, do_auth=True)
+        yield self._do_join(event, context, room_host=host, do_auth=True)
 
         defer.returnValue({"room_id": room_id})
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _do_join(self, event, snapshot, room_host=None, do_auth=True):
+    def _do_join(self, event, context, room_host=None, do_auth=True):
         joinee = self.hs.parse_userid(event.state_key)
         # room_id = RoomID.from_string(event.room_id, self.hs)
         room_id = event.room_id
 
-        # If event doesn't include a display name, add one.
-        yield self.distributor.fire(
-            "collect_presencelike_data", joinee, event.content
-        )
-
         # XXX: We don't do an auth check if we are doing an invite
         # join dance for now, since we're kinda implicitly checking
         # that we are allowed to join when we decide whether or not we
@@ -459,31 +432,29 @@ class RoomMemberHandler(BaseHandler):
             )
 
             if prev_state and prev_state.membership == Membership.INVITE:
-                room = yield self.store.get_room(room_id)
-                inviter = UserID.from_string(
-                    prev_state.user_id, self.hs
-                )
+                inviter = UserID.from_string(prev_state.user_id)
 
-                should_do_dance = not inviter.is_mine and not room
+                should_do_dance = not self.hs.is_mine(inviter)
                 room_host = inviter.domain
             else:
                 should_do_dance = False
 
-        have_joined = False
         if should_do_dance:
             handler = self.hs.get_handlers().federation_handler
-            have_joined = yield handler.do_invite_join(
-                room_host, room_id, event.user_id, event.content, snapshot
+            yield handler.do_invite_join(
+                room_host,
+                room_id,
+                event.user_id,
+                event.get_dict()["content"],  # FIXME To get a non-frozen dict
+                context
             )
-
-        # We want to do the _do_update inside the room lock.
-        if not have_joined:
+        else:
             logger.debug("Doing normal join")
 
             yield self._do_local_membership_update(
                 event,
                 membership=event.content["membership"],
-                snapshot=snapshot,
+                context=context,
                 do_auth=do_auth,
             )
 
@@ -508,10 +479,10 @@ class RoomMemberHandler(BaseHandler):
         if prev_state and prev_state.membership == Membership.INVITE:
             room = yield self.store.get_room(room_id)
             inviter = UserID.from_string(
-                prev_state.sender, self.hs
+                prev_state.sender
             )
 
-            is_remote_invite_join = not inviter.is_mine and not room
+            is_remote_invite_join = not self.hs.is_mine(inviter) and not room
             room_host = inviter.domain
         else:
             is_remote_invite_join = False
@@ -533,25 +504,17 @@ class RoomMemberHandler(BaseHandler):
         defer.returnValue(room_ids)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _do_local_membership_update(self, event, membership, snapshot,
+    def _do_local_membership_update(self, event, membership, context,
                                     do_auth):
         yield run_on_reactor()
 
-        # If we're inviting someone, then we should also send it to that
-        # HS.
-        target_user_id = event.state_key
-        target_user = self.hs.parse_userid(target_user_id)
-        if membership == Membership.INVITE and not target_user.is_mine:
-            do_invite_host = target_user.domain
-        else:
-            do_invite_host = None
+        target_user = self.hs.parse_userid(event.state_key)
 
-        yield self._on_new_room_event(
+        yield self.handle_new_client_event(
             event,
-            snapshot,
+            context,
             extra_users=[target_user],
             suppress_auth=(not do_auth),
-            do_invite_host=do_invite_host,
         )
 
 
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/typing.py b/synapse/handlers/typing.py
index 3f2f250dd2..77d66f66ff 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/typing.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/typing.py
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ class TypingNotificationHandler(BaseHandler):
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def started_typing(self, target_user, auth_user, room_id, timeout):
-        if not target_user.is_mine:
+        if not self.hs.is_mine(target_user):
             raise SynapseError(400, "User is not hosted on this Home Server")
 
         if target_user != auth_user:
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ class TypingNotificationHandler(BaseHandler):
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def stopped_typing(self, target_user, auth_user, room_id):
-        if not target_user.is_mine:
+        if not self.hs.is_mine(target_user):
             raise SynapseError(400, "User is not hosted on this Home Server")
 
         if target_user != auth_user:
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ class TypingNotificationHandler(BaseHandler):
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def user_left_room(self, user, room_id):
-        if user.is_mine:
+        if self.hs.is_mine(user):
             member = RoomMember(room_id=room_id, user=user)
             yield self._stopped_typing(member)
 
diff --git a/synapse/http/server.py b/synapse/http/server.py
index 02277c4998..f33859cf76 100644
--- a/synapse/http/server.py
+++ b/synapse/http/server.py
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ from twisted.web.util import redirectTo
 
 import collections
 import logging
+import urllib
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
@@ -122,9 +123,14 @@ class JsonResource(HttpServer, resource.Resource):
                     # We found a match! Trigger callback and then return the
                     # returned response. We pass both the request and any
                     # matched groups from the regex to the callback.
+
+                    args = [
+                        urllib.unquote(u).decode("UTF-8") for u in m.groups()
+                    ]
+
                     code, response = yield path_entry.callback(
                         request,
-                        *m.groups()
+                        *args
                     )
 
                     self._send_response(request, code, response)
diff --git a/synapse/rest/__init__.py b/synapse/rest/__init__.py
index e391e5678d..a59630ec96 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/__init__.py
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ class RestServletFactory(object):
     speaking, they serve as wrappers around events and the handlers that
     process them.
 
-    See synapse.api.events for information on synapse events.
+    See synapse.events for information on synapse events.
     """
 
     def __init__(self, hs):
diff --git a/synapse/rest/admin.py b/synapse/rest/admin.py
index ed9b484623..d74c551512 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/admin.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/admin.py
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ class WhoisRestServlet(RestServlet):
         if not is_admin and target_user != auth_user:
             raise AuthError(403, "You are not a server admin")
 
-        if not target_user.is_mine:
+        if not self.hs.is_mine(target_user):
             raise SynapseError(400, "Can only whois a local user")
 
         ret = yield self.handlers.admin_handler.get_whois(target_user)
diff --git a/synapse/rest/base.py b/synapse/rest/base.py
index 79fc4dfb84..06eda2587c 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/base.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/base.py
@@ -63,12 +63,10 @@ class RestServlet(object):
         self.hs = hs
 
         self.handlers = hs.get_handlers()
-        self.event_factory = hs.get_event_factory()
+        self.builder_factory = hs.get_event_builder_factory()
         self.auth = hs.get_auth()
         self.txns = HttpTransactionStore()
 
-        self.validator = hs.get_event_validator()
-
     def register(self, http_server):
         """ Register this servlet with the given HTTP server. """
         if hasattr(self, "PATTERN"):
diff --git a/synapse/rest/directory.py b/synapse/rest/directory.py
index 35300c6a6f..868fa7abed 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/directory.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/directory.py
@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@ from base import RestServlet, client_path_pattern
 
 import json
 import logging
-import urllib
 
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
@@ -36,9 +35,7 @@ class ClientDirectoryServer(RestServlet):
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_GET(self, request, room_alias):
-        room_alias = self.hs.parse_roomalias(
-            urllib.unquote(room_alias).decode("utf-8")
-        )
+        room_alias = self.hs.parse_roomalias(room_alias)
 
         dir_handler = self.handlers.directory_handler
         res = yield dir_handler.get_association(room_alias)
@@ -56,9 +53,7 @@ class ClientDirectoryServer(RestServlet):
 
         logger.debug("Got content: %s", content)
 
-        room_alias = self.hs.parse_roomalias(
-            urllib.unquote(room_alias).decode("utf-8")
-        )
+        room_alias = self.hs.parse_roomalias(room_alias)
 
         logger.debug("Got room name: %s", room_alias.to_string())
 
@@ -97,9 +92,7 @@ class ClientDirectoryServer(RestServlet):
 
         dir_handler = self.handlers.directory_handler
 
-        room_alias = self.hs.parse_roomalias(
-            urllib.unquote(room_alias).decode("utf-8")
-        )
+        room_alias = self.hs.parse_roomalias(room_alias)
 
         yield dir_handler.delete_association(
             user.to_string(), room_alias
diff --git a/synapse/rest/login.py b/synapse/rest/login.py
index ad71f6c61d..875da076af 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/login.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/login.py
@@ -47,8 +47,8 @@ class LoginRestServlet(RestServlet):
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def do_password_login(self, login_submission):
         if not login_submission["user"].startswith('@'):
-            login_submission["user"] = UserID.create_local(
-                login_submission["user"], self.hs).to_string()
+            login_submission["user"] = UserID.create(
+                login_submission["user"], self.hs.hostname).to_string()
 
         handler = self.handlers.login_handler
         token = yield handler.login(
diff --git a/synapse/rest/presence.py b/synapse/rest/presence.py
index 502ed0d4ca..9b42131628 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/presence.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/presence.py
@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@ from base import RestServlet, client_path_pattern
 
 import json
 import logging
-import urllib
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
@@ -33,7 +32,6 @@ class PresenceStatusRestServlet(RestServlet):
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_GET(self, request, user_id):
         auth_user = yield self.auth.get_user_by_req(request)
-        user_id = urllib.unquote(user_id)
         user = self.hs.parse_userid(user_id)
 
         state = yield self.handlers.presence_handler.get_state(
@@ -44,7 +42,6 @@ class PresenceStatusRestServlet(RestServlet):
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_PUT(self, request, user_id):
         auth_user = yield self.auth.get_user_by_req(request)
-        user_id = urllib.unquote(user_id)
         user = self.hs.parse_userid(user_id)
 
         state = {}
@@ -80,10 +77,9 @@ class PresenceListRestServlet(RestServlet):
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_GET(self, request, user_id):
         auth_user = yield self.auth.get_user_by_req(request)
-        user_id = urllib.unquote(user_id)
         user = self.hs.parse_userid(user_id)
 
-        if not user.is_mine:
+        if not self.hs.is_mine(user):
             raise SynapseError(400, "User not hosted on this Home Server")
 
         if auth_user != user:
@@ -101,10 +97,9 @@ class PresenceListRestServlet(RestServlet):
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_POST(self, request, user_id):
         auth_user = yield self.auth.get_user_by_req(request)
-        user_id = urllib.unquote(user_id)
         user = self.hs.parse_userid(user_id)
 
-        if not user.is_mine:
+        if not self.hs.is_mine(user):
             raise SynapseError(400, "User not hosted on this Home Server")
 
         if auth_user != user:
diff --git a/synapse/rest/profile.py b/synapse/rest/profile.py
index 72e02d8dd8..351863ab5d 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/profile.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/profile.py
@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@ from twisted.internet import defer
 from base import RestServlet, client_path_pattern
 
 import json
-import urllib
 
 
 class ProfileDisplaynameRestServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -27,7 +26,6 @@ class ProfileDisplaynameRestServlet(RestServlet):
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_GET(self, request, user_id):
-        user_id = urllib.unquote(user_id)
         user = self.hs.parse_userid(user_id)
 
         displayname = yield self.handlers.profile_handler.get_displayname(
@@ -39,7 +37,6 @@ class ProfileDisplaynameRestServlet(RestServlet):
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_PUT(self, request, user_id):
         auth_user = yield self.auth.get_user_by_req(request)
-        user_id = urllib.unquote(user_id)
         user = self.hs.parse_userid(user_id)
 
         try:
@@ -62,7 +59,6 @@ class ProfileAvatarURLRestServlet(RestServlet):
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_GET(self, request, user_id):
-        user_id = urllib.unquote(user_id)
         user = self.hs.parse_userid(user_id)
 
         avatar_url = yield self.handlers.profile_handler.get_avatar_url(
@@ -74,7 +70,6 @@ class ProfileAvatarURLRestServlet(RestServlet):
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_PUT(self, request, user_id):
         auth_user = yield self.auth.get_user_by_req(request)
-        user_id = urllib.unquote(user_id)
         user = self.hs.parse_userid(user_id)
 
         try:
@@ -97,7 +92,6 @@ class ProfileRestServlet(RestServlet):
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_GET(self, request, user_id):
-        user_id = urllib.unquote(user_id)
         user = self.hs.parse_userid(user_id)
 
         displayname = yield self.handlers.profile_handler.get_displayname(
diff --git a/synapse/rest/register.py b/synapse/rest/register.py
index f25e23a158..4f0f5a7531 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/register.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/register.py
@@ -21,6 +21,8 @@ from synapse.api.constants import LoginType
 from base import RestServlet, client_path_pattern
 import synapse.util.stringutils as stringutils
 
+from synapse.util.async import run_on_reactor
+
 from hashlib import sha1
 import hmac
 import json
@@ -233,7 +235,7 @@ class RegisterRestServlet(RestServlet):
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _do_password(self, request, register_json, session):
-        yield
+        yield run_on_reactor()
         if (self.hs.config.enable_registration_captcha and
                 not session[LoginType.RECAPTCHA]):
             # captcha should've been done by this stage!
diff --git a/synapse/rest/room.py b/synapse/rest/room.py
index e7f28c2784..0e2d5fbaae 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/room.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/room.py
@@ -19,8 +19,7 @@ from twisted.internet import defer
 from base import RestServlet, client_path_pattern
 from synapse.api.errors import SynapseError, Codes
 from synapse.streams.config import PaginationConfig
-from synapse.api.events.room import RoomMemberEvent, RoomRedactionEvent
-from synapse.api.constants import Membership
+from synapse.api.constants import EventTypes, Membership
 
 import json
 import logging
@@ -129,9 +128,9 @@ class RoomStateEventRestServlet(RestServlet):
         msg_handler = self.handlers.message_handler
         data = yield msg_handler.get_room_data(
             user_id=user.to_string(),
-            room_id=urllib.unquote(room_id),
-            event_type=urllib.unquote(event_type),
-            state_key=urllib.unquote(state_key),
+            room_id=room_id,
+            event_type=event_type,
+            state_key=state_key,
         )
 
         if not data:
@@ -143,32 +142,23 @@ class RoomStateEventRestServlet(RestServlet):
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_PUT(self, request, room_id, event_type, state_key):
         user = yield self.auth.get_user_by_req(request)
-        event_type = urllib.unquote(event_type)
 
         content = _parse_json(request)
 
-        event = self.event_factory.create_event(
-            etype=event_type,  # already urldecoded
-            content=content,
-            room_id=urllib.unquote(room_id),
-            user_id=user.to_string(),
-            state_key=urllib.unquote(state_key)
-            )
+        event_dict = {
+            "type": event_type,
+            "content": content,
+            "room_id": room_id,
+            "sender": user.to_string(),
+        }
 
-        self.validator.validate(event)
+        if state_key is not None:
+            event_dict["state_key"] = state_key
 
-        if event_type == RoomMemberEvent.TYPE:
-            # membership events are special
-            handler = self.handlers.room_member_handler
-            yield handler.change_membership(event)
-            defer.returnValue((200, {}))
-        else:
-            # store random bits of state
-            msg_handler = self.handlers.message_handler
-            yield msg_handler.store_room_data(
-                event=event
-            )
-            defer.returnValue((200, {}))
+        msg_handler = self.handlers.message_handler
+        yield msg_handler.create_and_send_event(event_dict)
+
+        defer.returnValue((200, {}))
 
 
 # TODO: Needs unit testing for generic events + feedback
@@ -184,17 +174,15 @@ class RoomSendEventRestServlet(RestServlet):
         user = yield self.auth.get_user_by_req(request)
         content = _parse_json(request)
 
-        event = self.event_factory.create_event(
-            etype=urllib.unquote(event_type),
-            room_id=urllib.unquote(room_id),
-            user_id=user.to_string(),
-            content=content
-        )
-
-        self.validator.validate(event)
-
         msg_handler = self.handlers.message_handler
-        yield msg_handler.send_message(event)
+        event = yield msg_handler.create_and_send_event(
+            {
+                "type": event_type,
+                "content": content,
+                "room_id": room_id,
+                "sender": user.to_string(),
+            }
+        )
 
         defer.returnValue((200, {"event_id": event.event_id}))
 
@@ -235,14 +223,10 @@ class JoinRoomAliasServlet(RestServlet):
         identifier = None
         is_room_alias = False
         try:
-            identifier = self.hs.parse_roomalias(
-                urllib.unquote(room_identifier)
-            )
+            identifier = self.hs.parse_roomalias(room_identifier)
             is_room_alias = True
         except SynapseError:
-            identifier = self.hs.parse_roomid(
-                urllib.unquote(room_identifier)
-            )
+            identifier = self.hs.parse_roomid(room_identifier)
 
         # TODO: Support for specifying the home server to join with?
 
@@ -251,18 +235,17 @@ class JoinRoomAliasServlet(RestServlet):
             ret_dict = yield handler.join_room_alias(user, identifier)
             defer.returnValue((200, ret_dict))
         else:  # room id
-            event = self.event_factory.create_event(
-                etype=RoomMemberEvent.TYPE,
-                content={"membership": Membership.JOIN},
-                room_id=urllib.unquote(identifier.to_string()),
-                user_id=user.to_string(),
-                state_key=user.to_string()
+            msg_handler = self.handlers.message_handler
+            yield msg_handler.create_and_send_event(
+                {
+                    "type": EventTypes.Member,
+                    "content": {"membership": Membership.JOIN},
+                    "room_id": identifier.to_string(),
+                    "sender": user.to_string(),
+                    "state_key": user.to_string(),
+                }
             )
 
-            self.validator.validate(event)
-
-            handler = self.handlers.room_member_handler
-            yield handler.change_membership(event)
             defer.returnValue((200, {}))
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -301,7 +284,7 @@ class RoomMemberListRestServlet(RestServlet):
         user = yield self.auth.get_user_by_req(request)
         handler = self.handlers.room_member_handler
         members = yield handler.get_room_members_as_pagination_chunk(
-            room_id=urllib.unquote(room_id),
+            room_id=room_id,
             user_id=user.to_string())
 
         for event in members["chunk"]:
@@ -333,7 +316,7 @@ class RoomMessageListRestServlet(RestServlet):
         with_feedback = "feedback" in request.args
         handler = self.handlers.message_handler
         msgs = yield handler.get_messages(
-            room_id=urllib.unquote(room_id),
+            room_id=room_id,
             user_id=user.to_string(),
             pagin_config=pagination_config,
             feedback=with_feedback)
@@ -351,7 +334,7 @@ class RoomStateRestServlet(RestServlet):
         handler = self.handlers.message_handler
         # Get all the current state for this room
         events = yield handler.get_state_events(
-            room_id=urllib.unquote(room_id),
+            room_id=room_id,
             user_id=user.to_string(),
         )
         defer.returnValue((200, events))
@@ -366,7 +349,7 @@ class RoomInitialSyncRestServlet(RestServlet):
         user = yield self.auth.get_user_by_req(request)
         pagination_config = PaginationConfig.from_request(request)
         content = yield self.handlers.message_handler.room_initial_sync(
-            room_id=urllib.unquote(room_id),
+            room_id=room_id,
             user_id=user.to_string(),
             pagin_config=pagination_config,
         )
@@ -378,8 +361,10 @@ class RoomTriggerBackfill(RestServlet):
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_GET(self, request, room_id):
-        remote_server = urllib.unquote(request.args["remote"][0])
-        room_id = urllib.unquote(room_id)
+        remote_server = urllib.unquote(
+            request.args["remote"][0]
+        ).decode("UTF-8")
+
         limit = int(request.args["limit"][0])
 
         handler = self.handlers.federation_handler
@@ -414,18 +399,17 @@ class RoomMembershipRestServlet(RestServlet):
             if membership_action == "kick":
                 membership_action = "leave"
 
-        event = self.event_factory.create_event(
-            etype=RoomMemberEvent.TYPE,
-            content={"membership": unicode(membership_action)},
-            room_id=urllib.unquote(room_id),
-            user_id=user.to_string(),
-            state_key=state_key
+        msg_handler = self.handlers.message_handler
+        yield msg_handler.create_and_send_event(
+            {
+                "type": EventTypes.Member,
+                "content": {"membership": unicode(membership_action)},
+                "room_id": room_id,
+                "sender": user.to_string(),
+                "state_key": state_key,
+            }
         )
 
-        self.validator.validate(event)
-
-        handler = self.handlers.room_member_handler
-        yield handler.change_membership(event)
         defer.returnValue((200, {}))
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -453,18 +437,16 @@ class RoomRedactEventRestServlet(RestServlet):
         user = yield self.auth.get_user_by_req(request)
         content = _parse_json(request)
 
-        event = self.event_factory.create_event(
-            etype=RoomRedactionEvent.TYPE,
-            room_id=urllib.unquote(room_id),
-            user_id=user.to_string(),
-            content=content,
-            redacts=urllib.unquote(event_id),
-        )
-
-        self.validator.validate(event)
-
         msg_handler = self.handlers.message_handler
-        yield msg_handler.send_message(event)
+        event = yield msg_handler.create_and_send_event(
+            {
+                "type": EventTypes.Redaction,
+                "content": content,
+                "room_id": room_id,
+                "sender": user.to_string(),
+                "redacts": event_id,
+            }
+        )
 
         defer.returnValue((200, {"event_id": event.event_id}))
 
diff --git a/synapse/server.py b/synapse/server.py
index 7eb15270fc..e4021481e8 100644
--- a/synapse/server.py
+++ b/synapse/server.py
@@ -20,9 +20,7 @@
 
 # Imports required for the default HomeServer() implementation
 from synapse.federation import initialize_http_replication
-from synapse.api.events import serialize_event
-from synapse.api.events.factory import EventFactory
-from synapse.api.events.validator import EventValidator
+from synapse.events.utils import serialize_event
 from synapse.notifier import Notifier
 from synapse.api.auth import Auth
 from synapse.handlers import Handlers
@@ -36,6 +34,7 @@ from synapse.util.lockutils import LockManager
 from synapse.streams.events import EventSources
 from synapse.api.ratelimiting import Ratelimiter
 from synapse.crypto.keyring import Keyring
+from synapse.events.builder import EventBuilderFactory
 
 
 class BaseHomeServer(object):
@@ -65,7 +64,6 @@ class BaseHomeServer(object):
         'persistence_service',
         'replication_layer',
         'datastore',
-        'event_factory',
         'handlers',
         'auth',
         'rest_servlet_factory',
@@ -82,7 +80,7 @@ class BaseHomeServer(object):
         'event_sources',
         'ratelimiter',
         'keyring',
-        'event_validator',
+        'event_builder_factory',
     ]
 
     def __init__(self, hostname, **kwargs):
@@ -134,22 +132,22 @@ class BaseHomeServer(object):
     def parse_userid(self, s):
         """Parse the string given by 's' as a User ID and return a UserID
         object."""
-        return UserID.from_string(s, hs=self)
+        return UserID.from_string(s)
 
     def parse_roomalias(self, s):
         """Parse the string given by 's' as a Room Alias and return a RoomAlias
         object."""
-        return RoomAlias.from_string(s, hs=self)
+        return RoomAlias.from_string(s)
 
     def parse_roomid(self, s):
         """Parse the string given by 's' as a Room ID and return a RoomID
         object."""
-        return RoomID.from_string(s, hs=self)
+        return RoomID.from_string(s)
 
     def parse_eventid(self, s):
         """Parse the string given by 's' as a Event ID and return a EventID
         object."""
-        return EventID.from_string(s, hs=self)
+        return EventID.from_string(s)
 
     def serialize_event(self, e):
         return serialize_event(self, e)
@@ -166,6 +164,9 @@ class BaseHomeServer(object):
 
         return ip_addr
 
+    def is_mine(self, domain_specific_string):
+        return domain_specific_string.domain == self.hostname
+
 # Build magic accessors for every dependency
 for depname in BaseHomeServer.DEPENDENCIES:
     BaseHomeServer._make_dependency_method(depname)
@@ -193,9 +194,6 @@ class HomeServer(BaseHomeServer):
     def build_datastore(self):
         return DataStore(self)
 
-    def build_event_factory(self):
-        return EventFactory(self)
-
     def build_handlers(self):
         return Handlers(self)
 
@@ -226,8 +224,11 @@ class HomeServer(BaseHomeServer):
     def build_keyring(self):
         return Keyring(self)
 
-    def build_event_validator(self):
-        return EventValidator(self)
+    def build_event_builder_factory(self):
+        return EventBuilderFactory(
+            clock=self.get_clock(),
+            hostname=self.hostname,
+        )
 
     def register_servlets(self):
         """ Register all servlets associated with this HomeServer.
diff --git a/synapse/state.py b/synapse/state.py
index 430665f7ba..38adde4dc9 100644
--- a/synapse/state.py
+++ b/synapse/state.py
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ from twisted.internet import defer
 
 from synapse.util.logutils import log_function
 from synapse.util.async import run_on_reactor
-from synapse.api.events.room import RoomPowerLevelsEvent
+from synapse.api.constants import EventTypes
 
 from collections import namedtuple
 
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ class StateHandler(object):
         ids = [e for e, _ in event.prev_events]
 
         ret = yield self.resolve_state_groups(ids)
-        state_group, new_state = ret
+        state_group, new_state, _ = ret
 
         event.old_state_events = copy.deepcopy(new_state)
 
@@ -136,8 +136,86 @@ class StateHandler(object):
         defer.returnValue(res[1].values())
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def annotate_context_with_state(self, event, context, old_state=None):
+        """ Fills out the context with the `current state` of the graph. The
+        `current state` here is defined to be the state of the event graph
+        just before the event - i.e. it never includes `event`
+
+        If `event` has `auth_events` then this will also fill out the
+        `auth_events` field on `context` from the `current_state`.
+
+        Args:
+            event (EventBase)
+            context (EventContext)
+        """
+        yield run_on_reactor()
+
+        if old_state:
+            context.current_state = {
+                (s.type, s.state_key): s for s in old_state
+            }
+            context.state_group = None
+
+            if hasattr(event, "auth_events") and event.auth_events:
+                auth_ids = zip(*event.auth_events)[0]
+                context.auth_events = {
+                    k: v
+                    for k, v in context.current_state.items()
+                    if v.event_id in auth_ids
+                }
+            else:
+                context.auth_events = {}
+
+            if event.is_state():
+                key = (event.type, event.state_key)
+                if key in context.current_state:
+                    replaces = context.current_state[key]
+                    if replaces.event_id != event.event_id:  # Paranoia check
+                        event.unsigned["replaces_state"] = replaces.event_id
+
+            defer.returnValue([])
+
+        if event.is_state():
+            ret = yield self.resolve_state_groups(
+                [e for e, _ in event.prev_events],
+                event_type=event.type,
+                state_key=event.state_key,
+            )
+        else:
+            ret = yield self.resolve_state_groups(
+                [e for e, _ in event.prev_events],
+            )
+
+        group, curr_state, prev_state = ret
+
+        context.current_state = curr_state
+        context.state_group = group if not event.is_state() else None
+
+        prev_state = yield self.store.add_event_hashes(
+            prev_state
+        )
+
+        if event.is_state():
+            key = (event.type, event.state_key)
+            if key in context.current_state:
+                replaces = context.current_state[key]
+                event.unsigned["replaces_state"] = replaces.event_id
+
+        if hasattr(event, "auth_events") and event.auth_events:
+            auth_ids = zip(*event.auth_events)[0]
+            context.auth_events = {
+                k: v
+                for k, v in context.current_state.items()
+                if v.event_id in auth_ids
+            }
+        else:
+            context.auth_events = {}
+
+        defer.returnValue(prev_state)
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
     @log_function
-    def resolve_state_groups(self, event_ids):
+    def resolve_state_groups(self, event_ids, event_type=None, state_key=""):
         """ Given a list of event_ids this method fetches the state at each
         event, resolves conflicts between them and returns them.
 
@@ -156,7 +234,14 @@ class StateHandler(object):
                 (e.type, e.state_key): e
                 for e in state_list
             }
-            defer.returnValue((name, state))
+            prev_state = state.get((event_type, state_key), None)
+            if prev_state:
+                prev_state = prev_state.event_id
+                prev_states = [prev_state]
+            else:
+                prev_states = []
+
+            defer.returnValue((name, state, prev_states))
 
         state = {}
         for group, g_state in state_groups.items():
@@ -177,6 +262,13 @@ class StateHandler(object):
             if len(v.values()) > 1
         }
 
+        if event_type:
+            prev_states = conflicted_state.get(
+                (event_type, state_key), {}
+            ).keys()
+        else:
+            prev_states = []
+
         try:
             new_state = {}
             new_state.update(unconflicted_state)
@@ -186,11 +278,11 @@ class StateHandler(object):
             logger.exception("Failed to resolve state")
             raise
 
-        defer.returnValue((None, new_state))
+        defer.returnValue((None, new_state, prev_states))
 
     def _get_power_level_from_event_state(self, event, user_id):
         if hasattr(event, "old_state_events") and event.old_state_events:
-            key = (RoomPowerLevelsEvent.TYPE, "", )
+            key = (EventTypes.PowerLevels, "", )
             power_level_event = event.old_state_events.get(key)
             level = None
             if power_level_event:
diff --git a/synapse/storage/__init__.py b/synapse/storage/__init__.py
index c9ab434b4e..cc1dcc2e74 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/__init__.py
@@ -15,12 +15,8 @@
 
 from twisted.internet import defer
 
-from synapse.api.events.room import (
-    RoomMemberEvent, RoomTopicEvent, FeedbackEvent, RoomNameEvent,
-    RoomRedactionEvent,
-)
-
 from synapse.util.logutils import log_function
+from synapse.api.constants import EventTypes
 
 from .directory import DirectoryStore
 from .feedback import FeedbackStore
@@ -39,6 +35,7 @@ from .state import StateStore
 from .signatures import SignatureStore
 
 from syutil.base64util import decode_base64
+from syutil.jsonutil import encode_canonical_json
 
 from synapse.crypto.event_signing import compute_event_reference_hash
 
@@ -89,7 +86,6 @@ class DataStore(RoomMemberStore, RoomStore,
 
     def __init__(self, hs):
         super(DataStore, self).__init__(hs)
-        self.event_factory = hs.get_event_factory()
         self.hs = hs
 
         self.min_token_deferred = self._get_min_token()
@@ -97,8 +93,8 @@ class DataStore(RoomMemberStore, RoomStore,
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     @log_function
-    def persist_event(self, event, backfilled=False, is_new_state=True,
-                      current_state=None):
+    def persist_event(self, event, context, backfilled=False,
+                      is_new_state=True, current_state=None):
         stream_ordering = None
         if backfilled:
             if not self.min_token_deferred.called:
@@ -111,6 +107,7 @@ class DataStore(RoomMemberStore, RoomStore,
                 "persist_event",
                 self._persist_event_txn,
                 event=event,
+                context=context,
                 backfilled=backfilled,
                 stream_ordering=stream_ordering,
                 is_new_state=is_new_state,
@@ -121,50 +118,66 @@ class DataStore(RoomMemberStore, RoomStore,
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_event(self, event_id, allow_none=False):
-        events_dict = yield self._simple_select_one(
-            "events",
-            {"event_id": event_id},
-            [
-                "event_id",
-                "type",
-                "room_id",
-                "content",
-                "unrecognized_keys",
-                "depth",
-            ],
-            allow_none=allow_none,
-        )
+        events = yield self._get_events([event_id])
 
-        if not events_dict:
-            defer.returnValue(None)
+        if not events:
+            if allow_none:
+                defer.returnValue(None)
+            else:
+                raise RuntimeError("Could not find event %s" % (event_id,))
 
-        event = yield self._parse_events([events_dict])
-        defer.returnValue(event[0])
+        defer.returnValue(events[0])
 
     @log_function
-    def _persist_event_txn(self, txn, event, backfilled, stream_ordering=None,
-                           is_new_state=True, current_state=None):
-        if event.type == RoomMemberEvent.TYPE:
+    def _persist_event_txn(self, txn, event, context, backfilled,
+                           stream_ordering=None, is_new_state=True,
+                           current_state=None):
+        if event.type == EventTypes.Member:
             self._store_room_member_txn(txn, event)
-        elif event.type == FeedbackEvent.TYPE:
+        elif event.type == EventTypes.Feedback:
             self._store_feedback_txn(txn, event)
-        elif event.type == RoomNameEvent.TYPE:
+        elif event.type == EventTypes.Name:
             self._store_room_name_txn(txn, event)
-        elif event.type == RoomTopicEvent.TYPE:
+        elif event.type == EventTypes.Topic:
             self._store_room_topic_txn(txn, event)
-        elif event.type == RoomRedactionEvent.TYPE:
+        elif event.type == EventTypes.Redaction:
             self._store_redaction(txn, event)
 
         outlier = False
-        if hasattr(event, "outlier"):
-            outlier = event.outlier
+        if hasattr(event.internal_metadata, "outlier"):
+            outlier = event.internal_metadata.outlier
+
+        event_dict = {
+            k: v
+            for k, v in event.get_dict().items()
+            if k not in [
+                "redacted",
+                "redacted_because",
+            ]
+        }
+
+        metadata_json = encode_canonical_json(
+            event.internal_metadata.get_dict()
+        )
+
+        self._simple_insert_txn(
+            txn,
+            table="event_json",
+            values={
+                "event_id": event.event_id,
+                "room_id": event.room_id,
+                "internal_metadata": metadata_json.decode("UTF-8"),
+                "json": encode_canonical_json(event_dict).decode("UTF-8"),
+            },
+            or_replace=True,
+        )
 
         vals = {
             "topological_ordering": event.depth,
             "event_id": event.event_id,
             "type": event.type,
             "room_id": event.room_id,
-            "content": json.dumps(event.content),
+            "content": json.dumps(event.get_dict()["content"]),
             "processed": True,
             "outlier": outlier,
             "depth": event.depth,
@@ -175,7 +188,7 @@ class DataStore(RoomMemberStore, RoomStore,
 
         unrec = {
             k: v
-            for k, v in event.get_full_dict().items()
+            for k, v in event.get_dict().items()
             if k not in vals.keys() and k not in [
                 "redacted",
                 "redacted_because",
@@ -210,7 +223,8 @@ class DataStore(RoomMemberStore, RoomStore,
             room_id=event.room_id,
         )
 
-        self._store_state_groups_txn(txn, event)
+        if not outlier:
+            self._store_state_groups_txn(txn, event, context)
 
         if current_state:
             txn.execute(
@@ -304,16 +318,6 @@ class DataStore(RoomMemberStore, RoomStore,
                 txn, event.event_id, hash_alg, hash_bytes,
             )
 
-        if hasattr(event, "signatures"):
-            logger.debug("sigs: %s", event.signatures)
-            for name, sigs in event.signatures.items():
-                for key_id, signature_base64 in sigs.items():
-                    signature_bytes = decode_base64(signature_base64)
-                    self._store_event_signature_txn(
-                        txn, event.event_id, name, key_id,
-                        signature_bytes,
-                    )
-
         for prev_event_id, prev_hashes in event.prev_events:
             for alg, hash_base64 in prev_hashes.items():
                 hash_bytes = decode_base64(hash_base64)
diff --git a/synapse/storage/_base.py b/synapse/storage/_base.py
index e72200e2f7..6dc857c4aa 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/_base.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/_base.py
@@ -15,15 +15,14 @@
 import logging
 
 from synapse.api.errors import StoreError
-from synapse.api.events.utils import prune_event
+from synapse.events import FrozenEvent
+from synapse.events.utils import prune_event
 from synapse.util.logutils import log_function
 from synapse.util.logcontext import PreserveLoggingContext, LoggingContext
-from syutil.base64util import encode_base64
 
 from twisted.internet import defer
 
 import collections
-import copy
 import json
 import sys
 import time
@@ -84,7 +83,6 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
     def __init__(self, hs):
         self.hs = hs
         self._db_pool = hs.get_db_pool()
-        self.event_factory = hs.get_event_factory()
         self._clock = hs.get_clock()
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -436,123 +434,77 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
 
         return self.runInteraction("_simple_max_id", func)
 
-    def _parse_event_from_row(self, row_dict):
-        d = copy.deepcopy({k: v for k, v in row_dict.items()})
-
-        d.pop("stream_ordering", None)
-        d.pop("topological_ordering", None)
-        d.pop("processed", None)
-        d["origin_server_ts"] = d.pop("ts", 0)
-        replaces_state = d.pop("prev_state", None)
+    def _get_events(self, event_ids):
+        return self.runInteraction(
+            "_get_events", self._get_events_txn, event_ids
+        )
 
-        if replaces_state:
-            d["replaces_state"] = replaces_state
+    def _get_events_txn(self, txn, event_ids):
+        events = []
+        for e_id in event_ids:
+            ev = self._get_event_txn(txn, e_id)
 
-        d.update(json.loads(row_dict["unrecognized_keys"]))
-        d["content"] = json.loads(d["content"])
-        del d["unrecognized_keys"]
+            if ev:
+                events.append(ev)
 
-        if "age_ts" not in d:
-            # For compatibility
-            d["age_ts"] = d.get("origin_server_ts", 0)
+        return events
 
-        return self.event_factory.create_event(
-            etype=d["type"],
-            **d
+    def _get_event_txn(self, txn, event_id, check_redacted=True,
+                       get_prev_content=True):
+        sql = (
+            "SELECT internal_metadata, json, r.event_id FROM event_json as e "
+            "LEFT JOIN redactions as r ON e.event_id = r.redacts "
+            "WHERE e.event_id = ? "
+            "LIMIT 1 "
         )
 
-    def _get_events_txn(self, txn, event_ids):
-        # FIXME (erikj): This should be batched?
+        txn.execute(sql, (event_id,))
 
-        sql = "SELECT * FROM events WHERE event_id = ? ORDER BY rowid asc"
+        res = txn.fetchone()
 
-        event_rows = []
-        for e_id in event_ids:
-            c = txn.execute(sql, (e_id,))
-            event_rows.extend(self.cursor_to_dict(c))
+        if not res:
+            return None
 
-        return self._parse_events_txn(txn, event_rows)
+        internal_metadata, js, redacted = res
 
-    def _parse_events(self, rows):
-        return self.runInteraction(
-            "_parse_events", self._parse_events_txn, rows
-        )
+        d = json.loads(js)
+        internal_metadata = json.loads(internal_metadata)
 
-    def _parse_events_txn(self, txn, rows):
-        events = [self._parse_event_from_row(r) for r in rows]
+        ev = FrozenEvent(d, internal_metadata_dict=internal_metadata)
 
-        select_event_sql = (
-            "SELECT * FROM events WHERE event_id = ? ORDER BY rowid asc"
-        )
+        if check_redacted and redacted:
+            ev = prune_event(ev)
 
-        for i, ev in enumerate(events):
-            signatures = self._get_event_signatures_txn(
-                txn, ev.event_id,
+            ev.unsigned["redacted_by"] = redacted
+            # Get the redaction event.
+
+            because = self._get_event_txn(
+                txn,
+                redacted,
+                check_redacted=False
             )
 
-            ev.signatures = {
-                n: {
-                    k: encode_base64(v) for k, v in s.items()
-                }
-                for n, s in signatures.items()
-            }
+            if because:
+                ev.unsigned["redacted_because"] = because
 
-            hashes = self._get_event_content_hashes_txn(
-                txn, ev.event_id,
-            )
+        if get_prev_content and "replaces_state" in ev.unsigned:
+            ev.unsigned["prev_content"] = self._get_event_txn(
+                txn,
+                ev.unsigned["replaces_state"],
+                get_prev_content=False,
+            ).get_dict()["content"]
 
-            ev.hashes = {
-                k: encode_base64(v) for k, v in hashes.items()
-            }
-
-            prevs = self._get_prev_events_and_state(txn, ev.event_id)
-
-            ev.prev_events = [
-                (e_id, h)
-                for e_id, h, is_state in prevs
-                if is_state == 0
-            ]
-
-            ev.auth_events = self._get_auth_events(txn, ev.event_id)
-
-            if hasattr(ev, "state_key"):
-                ev.prev_state = [
-                    (e_id, h)
-                    for e_id, h, is_state in prevs
-                    if is_state == 1
-                ]
-
-                if hasattr(ev, "replaces_state"):
-                    # Load previous state_content.
-                    # FIXME (erikj): Handle multiple prev_states.
-                    cursor = txn.execute(
-                        select_event_sql,
-                        (ev.replaces_state,)
-                    )
-                    prevs = self.cursor_to_dict(cursor)
-                    if prevs:
-                        prev = self._parse_event_from_row(prevs[0])
-                        ev.prev_content = prev.content
-
-            if not hasattr(ev, "redacted"):
-                logger.debug("Doesn't have redacted key: %s", ev)
-                ev.redacted = self._has_been_redacted_txn(txn, ev)
-
-            if ev.redacted:
-                # Get the redaction event.
-                select_event_sql = "SELECT * FROM events WHERE event_id = ?"
-                txn.execute(select_event_sql, (ev.redacted,))
-
-                del_evs = self._parse_events_txn(
-                    txn, self.cursor_to_dict(txn)
-                )
+        return ev
 
-                if del_evs:
-                    ev = prune_event(ev)
-                    events[i] = ev
-                    ev.redacted_because = del_evs[0]
+    def _parse_events(self, rows):
+        return self.runInteraction(
+            "_parse_events", self._parse_events_txn, rows
+        )
 
-        return events
+    def _parse_events_txn(self, txn, rows):
+        event_ids = [r["event_id"] for r in rows]
+
+        return self._get_events_txn(txn, event_ids)
 
     def _has_been_redacted_txn(self, txn, event):
         sql = "SELECT event_id FROM redactions WHERE redacts = ?"
diff --git a/synapse/storage/event_federation.py b/synapse/storage/event_federation.py
index 6c559f8f63..ced066f407 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/event_federation.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/event_federation.py
@@ -177,14 +177,15 @@ class EventFederationStore(SQLBaseStore):
             retcols=["prev_event_id", "is_state"],
         )
 
+        hashes = self._get_prev_event_hashes_txn(txn, event_id)
+
         results = []
         for d in res:
-            hashes = self._get_event_reference_hashes_txn(
-                txn,
-                d["prev_event_id"]
-            )
+            edge_hash = self._get_event_reference_hashes_txn(txn, d["prev_event_id"])
+            edge_hash.update(hashes.get(d["prev_event_id"], {}))
             prev_hashes = {
-                k: encode_base64(v) for k, v in hashes.items()
+                k: encode_base64(v)
+                for k, v in edge_hash.items()
                 if k == "sha256"
             }
             results.append((d["prev_event_id"], prev_hashes, d["is_state"]))
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/im.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/im.sql
index 8ba732a23b..253f9f779b 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/im.sql
+++ b/synapse/storage/schema/im.sql
@@ -32,6 +32,19 @@ CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS events_stream_ordering ON events (stream_ordering);
 CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS events_topological_ordering ON events (topological_ordering);
 CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS events_room_id ON events (room_id);
 
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS event_json(
+    event_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    room_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    internal_metadata NOT NULL,
+    json BLOB NOT NULL,
+    CONSTRAINT ev_j_uniq UNIQUE (event_id)
+);
+
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS event_json_id ON event_json(event_id);
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS event_json_room_id ON event_json(room_id);
+
+
 CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS state_events(
     event_id TEXT NOT NULL,
     room_id TEXT NOT NULL,
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/state.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/state.sql
index 44f7aafb27..2c48d6daca 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/state.sql
+++ b/synapse/storage/schema/state.sql
@@ -29,7 +29,8 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS state_groups_state(
 
 CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS event_to_state_groups(
     event_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    state_group INTEGER NOT NULL
+    state_group INTEGER NOT NULL,
+    CONSTRAINT event_to_state_groups_uniq UNIQUE (event_id)
 );
 
 CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS state_groups_id ON state_groups(id);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/signatures.py b/synapse/storage/signatures.py
index eea4f21065..3a705119fd 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/signatures.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/signatures.py
@@ -13,8 +13,12 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
+from twisted.internet import defer
+
 from _base import SQLBaseStore
 
+from syutil.base64util import encode_base64
+
 
 class SignatureStore(SQLBaseStore):
     """Persistence for event signatures and hashes"""
@@ -67,6 +71,21 @@ class SignatureStore(SQLBaseStore):
             f
         )
 
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def add_event_hashes(self, event_ids):
+        hashes = yield self.get_event_reference_hashes(
+            event_ids
+        )
+        hashes = [
+            {
+                k: encode_base64(v) for k, v in h.items()
+                if k == "sha256"
+            }
+            for h in hashes
+        ]
+
+        defer.returnValue(zip(event_ids, hashes))
+
     def _get_event_reference_hashes_txn(self, txn, event_id):
         """Get all the hashes for a given PDU.
         Args:
diff --git a/synapse/storage/state.py b/synapse/storage/state.py
index e0f44b3e59..afe3e5edea 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/state.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/state.py
@@ -86,11 +86,16 @@ class StateStore(SQLBaseStore):
             self._store_state_groups_txn, event
         )
 
-    def _store_state_groups_txn(self, txn, event):
-        if event.state_events is None:
+    def _store_state_groups_txn(self, txn, event, context):
+        if context.current_state is None:
             return
 
-        state_group = event.state_group
+        state_events = context.current_state
+
+        if event.is_state():
+            state_events[(event.type, event.state_key)] = event
+
+        state_group = context.state_group
         if not state_group:
             state_group = self._simple_insert_txn(
                 txn,
@@ -102,7 +107,7 @@ class StateStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 or_ignore=True,
             )
 
-            for state in event.state_events.values():
+            for state in state_events.values():
                 self._simple_insert_txn(
                     txn,
                     table="state_groups_state",
diff --git a/synapse/types.py b/synapse/types.py
index 649ff2f7d7..7c533193e1 100644
--- a/synapse/types.py
+++ b/synapse/types.py
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ from collections import namedtuple
 
 
 class DomainSpecificString(
-        namedtuple("DomainSpecificString", ("localpart", "domain", "is_mine"))
+        namedtuple("DomainSpecificString", ("localpart", "domain"))
 ):
     """Common base class among ID/name strings that have a local part and a
     domain name, prefixed with a sigil.
@@ -28,15 +28,13 @@ class DomainSpecificString(
 
         'localpart' : The local part of the name (without the leading sigil)
         'domain' : The domain part of the name
-        'is_mine' : Boolean indicating if the domain name is recognised by the
-            HomeServer as being its own
     """
 
     # Deny iteration because it will bite you if you try to create a singleton
     # set by:
     #    users = set(user)
     def __iter__(self):
-        raise ValueError("Attempted to iterate a %s" % (type(self).__name__))
+        raise ValueError("Attempted to iterate a %s" % (type(self).__name__,))
 
     # Because this class is a namedtuple of strings and booleans, it is deeply
     # immutable.
@@ -47,7 +45,7 @@ class DomainSpecificString(
         return self
 
     @classmethod
-    def from_string(cls, s, hs):
+    def from_string(cls, s):
         """Parse the string given by 's' into a structure object."""
         if s[0] != cls.SIGIL:
             raise SynapseError(400, "Expected %s string to start with '%s'" % (
@@ -66,22 +64,15 @@ class DomainSpecificString(
 
         # This code will need changing if we want to support multiple domain
         # names on one HS
-        is_mine = domain == hs.hostname
-        return cls(localpart=parts[0], domain=domain, is_mine=is_mine)
+        return cls(localpart=parts[0], domain=domain)
 
     def to_string(self):
         """Return a string encoding the fields of the structure object."""
         return "%s%s:%s" % (self.SIGIL, self.localpart, self.domain)
 
     @classmethod
-    def create_local(cls, localpart, hs):
-        """Create a structure on the local domain"""
-        return cls(localpart=localpart, domain=hs.hostname, is_mine=True)
-
-    @classmethod
-    def create(cls, localpart, domain, hs):
-        is_mine = domain == hs.hostname
-        return cls(localpart=localpart, domain=domain, is_mine=is_mine)
+    def create(cls, localpart, domain,):
+        return cls(localpart=localpart, domain=domain)
 
 
 class UserID(DomainSpecificString):
diff --git a/synapse/util/frozenutils.py b/synapse/util/frozenutils.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fcfb38b3b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/util/frozenutils.py
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# Copyright 2014 OpenMarket Ltd
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+from frozendict import frozendict
+
+
+def freeze(o):
+    if isinstance(o, dict) or isinstance(o, frozendict):
+        return frozendict({k: freeze(v) for k, v in o.items()})
+
+    if isinstance(o, basestring):
+        return o
+
+    try:
+        return tuple([freeze(i) for i in o])
+    except TypeError:
+        pass
+
+    return o
+
+
+def unfreeze(o):
+    if isinstance(o, frozendict) or isinstance(o, dict):
+        return dict({k: unfreeze(v) for k, v in o.items()})
+
+    if isinstance(o, basestring):
+        return o
+
+    try:
+        return [unfreeze(i) for i in o]
+    except TypeError:
+        pass
+
+    return o