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-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/user_directory.py742
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diff --git a/synapse/storage/user_directory.py b/synapse/storage/user_directory.py
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+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# Copyright 2017 Vector Creations Ltd
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+from twisted.internet import defer
+
+from ._base import SQLBaseStore
+
+from synapse.util.caches.descriptors import cached, cachedInlineCallbacks
+from synapse.api.constants import EventTypes, JoinRules
+from synapse.storage.engines import PostgresEngine, Sqlite3Engine
+from synapse.types import get_domain_from_id, get_localpart_from_id
+
+import re
+import logging
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class UserDirectoryStore(SQLBaseStore):
+    @cachedInlineCallbacks(cache_context=True)
+    def is_room_world_readable_or_publicly_joinable(self, room_id, cache_context):
+        """Check if the room is either world_readable or publically joinable
+        """
+        current_state_ids = yield self.get_current_state_ids(
+            room_id, on_invalidate=cache_context.invalidate
+        )
+
+        join_rules_id = current_state_ids.get((EventTypes.JoinRules, ""))
+        if join_rules_id:
+            join_rule_ev = yield self.get_event(join_rules_id, allow_none=True)
+            if join_rule_ev:
+                if join_rule_ev.content.get("join_rule") == JoinRules.PUBLIC:
+                    defer.returnValue(True)
+
+        hist_vis_id = current_state_ids.get((EventTypes.RoomHistoryVisibility, ""))
+        if hist_vis_id:
+            hist_vis_ev = yield self.get_event(hist_vis_id, allow_none=True)
+            if hist_vis_ev:
+                if hist_vis_ev.content.get("history_visibility") == "world_readable":
+                    defer.returnValue(True)
+
+        defer.returnValue(False)
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def add_users_to_public_room(self, room_id, user_ids):
+        """Add user to the list of users in public rooms
+
+        Args:
+            room_id (str): A room_id that all users are in that is world_readable
+                or publically joinable
+            user_ids (list(str)): Users to add
+        """
+        yield self._simple_insert_many(
+            table="users_in_pubic_room",
+            values=[
+                {
+                    "user_id": user_id,
+                    "room_id": room_id,
+                }
+                for user_id in user_ids
+            ],
+            desc="add_users_to_public_room"
+        )
+        for user_id in user_ids:
+            self.get_user_in_public_room.invalidate((user_id,))
+
+    def add_profiles_to_user_dir(self, room_id, users_with_profile):
+        """Add profiles to the user directory
+
+        Args:
+            room_id (str): A room_id that all users are joined to
+            users_with_profile (dict): Users to add to directory in the form of
+                mapping of user_id -> ProfileInfo
+        """
+        if isinstance(self.database_engine, PostgresEngine):
+            # We weight the loclpart most highly, then display name and finally
+            # server name
+            sql = """
+                INSERT INTO user_directory_search(user_id, vector)
+                VALUES (?,
+                    setweight(to_tsvector('english', ?), 'A')
+                    || setweight(to_tsvector('english', ?), 'D')
+                    || setweight(to_tsvector('english', COALESCE(?, '')), 'B')
+                )
+            """
+            args = (
+                (
+                    user_id, get_localpart_from_id(user_id), get_domain_from_id(user_id),
+                    profile.display_name,
+                )
+                for user_id, profile in users_with_profile.iteritems()
+            )
+        elif isinstance(self.database_engine, Sqlite3Engine):
+            sql = """
+                INSERT INTO user_directory_search(user_id, value)
+                VALUES (?,?)
+            """
+            args = (
+                (
+                    user_id,
+                    "%s %s" % (user_id, p.display_name,) if p.display_name else user_id
+                )
+                for user_id, p in users_with_profile.iteritems()
+            )
+        else:
+            # This should be unreachable.
+            raise Exception("Unrecognized database engine")
+
+        def _add_profiles_to_user_dir_txn(txn):
+            txn.executemany(sql, args)
+            self._simple_insert_many_txn(
+                txn,
+                table="user_directory",
+                values=[
+                    {
+                        "user_id": user_id,
+                        "room_id": room_id,
+                        "display_name": profile.display_name,
+                        "avatar_url": profile.avatar_url,
+                    }
+                    for user_id, profile in users_with_profile.iteritems()
+                ]
+            )
+            for user_id in users_with_profile:
+                txn.call_after(
+                    self.get_user_in_directory.invalidate, (user_id,)
+                )
+
+        return self.runInteraction(
+            "add_profiles_to_user_dir", _add_profiles_to_user_dir_txn
+        )
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def update_user_in_user_dir(self, user_id, room_id):
+        yield self._simple_update_one(
+            table="user_directory",
+            keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
+            updatevalues={"room_id": room_id},
+            desc="update_user_in_user_dir",
+        )
+        self.get_user_in_directory.invalidate((user_id,))
+
+    def update_profile_in_user_dir(self, user_id, display_name, avatar_url, room_id):
+        def _update_profile_in_user_dir_txn(txn):
+            new_entry = self._simple_upsert_txn(
+                txn,
+                table="user_directory",
+                keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
+                insertion_values={"room_id": room_id},
+                values={"display_name": display_name, "avatar_url": avatar_url},
+                lock=False,  # We're only inserter
+            )
+
+            if isinstance(self.database_engine, PostgresEngine):
+                # We weight the loclpart most highly, then display name and finally
+                # server name
+                if new_entry:
+                    sql = """
+                        INSERT INTO user_directory_search(user_id, vector)
+                        VALUES (?,
+                            setweight(to_tsvector('english', ?), 'A')
+                            || setweight(to_tsvector('english', ?), 'D')
+                            || setweight(to_tsvector('english', COALESCE(?, '')), 'B')
+                        )
+                    """
+                    txn.execute(
+                        sql,
+                        (
+                            user_id, get_localpart_from_id(user_id),
+                            get_domain_from_id(user_id), display_name,
+                        )
+                    )
+                else:
+                    sql = """
+                        UPDATE user_directory_search
+                        SET vector = setweight(to_tsvector('english', ?), 'A')
+                            || setweight(to_tsvector('english', ?), 'D')
+                            || setweight(to_tsvector('english', COALESCE(?, '')), 'B')
+                        WHERE user_id = ?
+                    """
+                    txn.execute(
+                        sql,
+                        (
+                            get_localpart_from_id(user_id), get_domain_from_id(user_id),
+                            display_name, user_id,
+                        )
+                    )
+            elif isinstance(self.database_engine, Sqlite3Engine):
+                value = "%s %s" % (user_id, display_name,) if display_name else user_id
+                self._simple_upsert_txn(
+                    txn,
+                    table="user_directory_search",
+                    keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
+                    values={"value": value},
+                    lock=False,  # We're only inserter
+                )
+            else:
+                # This should be unreachable.
+                raise Exception("Unrecognized database engine")
+
+            txn.call_after(self.get_user_in_directory.invalidate, (user_id,))
+
+        return self.runInteraction(
+            "update_profile_in_user_dir", _update_profile_in_user_dir_txn
+        )
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def update_user_in_public_user_list(self, user_id, room_id):
+        yield self._simple_update_one(
+            table="users_in_pubic_room",
+            keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
+            updatevalues={"room_id": room_id},
+            desc="update_user_in_public_user_list",
+        )
+        self.get_user_in_public_room.invalidate((user_id,))
+
+    def remove_from_user_dir(self, user_id):
+        def _remove_from_user_dir_txn(txn):
+            self._simple_delete_txn(
+                txn,
+                table="user_directory",
+                keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
+            )
+            self._simple_delete_txn(
+                txn,
+                table="user_directory_search",
+                keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
+            )
+            self._simple_delete_txn(
+                txn,
+                table="users_in_pubic_room",
+                keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
+            )
+            txn.call_after(
+                self.get_user_in_directory.invalidate, (user_id,)
+            )
+            txn.call_after(
+                self.get_user_in_public_room.invalidate, (user_id,)
+            )
+        return self.runInteraction(
+            "remove_from_user_dir", _remove_from_user_dir_txn,
+        )
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def remove_from_user_in_public_room(self, user_id):
+        yield self._simple_delete(
+            table="users_in_pubic_room",
+            keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
+            desc="remove_from_user_in_public_room",
+        )
+        self.get_user_in_public_room.invalidate((user_id,))
+
+    def get_users_in_public_due_to_room(self, room_id):
+        """Get all user_ids that are in the room directory becuase they're
+        in the given room_id
+        """
+        return self._simple_select_onecol(
+            table="users_in_pubic_room",
+            keyvalues={"room_id": room_id},
+            retcol="user_id",
+            desc="get_users_in_public_due_to_room",
+        )
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def get_users_in_dir_due_to_room(self, room_id):
+        """Get all user_ids that are in the room directory becuase they're
+        in the given room_id
+        """
+        user_ids_dir = yield self._simple_select_onecol(
+            table="user_directory",
+            keyvalues={"room_id": room_id},
+            retcol="user_id",
+            desc="get_users_in_dir_due_to_room",
+        )
+
+        user_ids_pub = yield self._simple_select_onecol(
+            table="users_in_pubic_room",
+            keyvalues={"room_id": room_id},
+            retcol="user_id",
+            desc="get_users_in_dir_due_to_room",
+        )
+
+        user_ids_share = yield self._simple_select_onecol(
+            table="users_who_share_rooms",
+            keyvalues={"room_id": room_id},
+            retcol="user_id",
+            desc="get_users_in_dir_due_to_room",
+        )
+
+        user_ids = set(user_ids_dir)
+        user_ids.update(user_ids_pub)
+        user_ids.update(user_ids_share)
+
+        defer.returnValue(user_ids)
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def get_all_rooms(self):
+        """Get all room_ids we've ever known about, in ascending order of "size"
+        """
+        sql = """
+            SELECT room_id FROM current_state_events
+            GROUP BY room_id
+            ORDER BY count(*) ASC
+        """
+        rows = yield self._execute("get_all_rooms", None, sql)
+        defer.returnValue([room_id for room_id, in rows])
+
+    def add_users_who_share_room(self, room_id, share_private, user_id_tuples):
+        """Insert entries into the users_who_share_rooms table. The first
+        user should be a local user.
+
+        Args:
+            room_id (str)
+            share_private (bool): Is the room private
+            user_id_tuples([(str, str)]): iterable of 2-tuple of user IDs.
+        """
+        def _add_users_who_share_room_txn(txn):
+            self._simple_insert_many_txn(
+                txn,
+                table="users_who_share_rooms",
+                values=[
+                    {
+                        "user_id": user_id,
+                        "other_user_id": other_user_id,
+                        "room_id": room_id,
+                        "share_private": share_private,
+                    }
+                    for user_id, other_user_id in user_id_tuples
+                ],
+            )
+            for user_id, other_user_id in user_id_tuples:
+                txn.call_after(
+                    self.get_users_who_share_room_from_dir.invalidate,
+                    (user_id,),
+                )
+                txn.call_after(
+                    self.get_if_users_share_a_room.invalidate,
+                    (user_id, other_user_id),
+                )
+        return self.runInteraction(
+            "add_users_who_share_room", _add_users_who_share_room_txn
+        )
+
+    def update_users_who_share_room(self, room_id, share_private, user_id_sets):
+        """Updates entries in the users_who_share_rooms table. The first
+        user should be a local user.
+
+        Args:
+            room_id (str)
+            share_private (bool): Is the room private
+            user_id_tuples([(str, str)]): iterable of 2-tuple of user IDs.
+        """
+        def _update_users_who_share_room_txn(txn):
+            sql = """
+                UPDATE users_who_share_rooms
+                SET room_id = ?, share_private = ?
+                WHERE user_id = ? AND other_user_id = ?
+            """
+            txn.executemany(
+                sql,
+                (
+                    (room_id, share_private, uid, oid)
+                    for uid, oid in user_id_sets
+                )
+            )
+            for user_id, other_user_id in user_id_sets:
+                txn.call_after(
+                    self.get_users_who_share_room_from_dir.invalidate,
+                    (user_id,),
+                )
+                txn.call_after(
+                    self.get_if_users_share_a_room.invalidate,
+                    (user_id, other_user_id),
+                )
+        return self.runInteraction(
+            "update_users_who_share_room", _update_users_who_share_room_txn
+        )
+
+    def remove_user_who_share_room(self, user_id, other_user_id):
+        """Deletes entries in the users_who_share_rooms table. The first
+        user should be a local user.
+
+        Args:
+            room_id (str)
+            share_private (bool): Is the room private
+            user_id_tuples([(str, str)]): iterable of 2-tuple of user IDs.
+        """
+        def _remove_user_who_share_room_txn(txn):
+            self._simple_delete_txn(
+                txn,
+                table="users_who_share_rooms",
+                keyvalues={
+                    "user_id": user_id,
+                    "other_user_id": other_user_id,
+                },
+            )
+            txn.call_after(
+                self.get_users_who_share_room_from_dir.invalidate,
+                (user_id,),
+            )
+            txn.call_after(
+                self.get_if_users_share_a_room.invalidate,
+                (user_id, other_user_id),
+            )
+
+        return self.runInteraction(
+            "remove_user_who_share_room", _remove_user_who_share_room_txn
+        )
+
+    @cached(max_entries=500000)
+    def get_if_users_share_a_room(self, user_id, other_user_id):
+        """Gets if users share a room.
+
+        Args:
+            user_id (str): Must be a local user_id
+            other_user_id (str)
+
+        Returns:
+            bool|None: None if they don't share a room, otherwise whether they
+            share a private room or not.
+        """
+        return self._simple_select_one_onecol(
+            table="users_who_share_rooms",
+            keyvalues={
+                "user_id": user_id,
+                "other_user_id": other_user_id,
+            },
+            retcol="share_private",
+            allow_none=True,
+        )
+
+    @cachedInlineCallbacks(max_entries=500000, iterable=True)
+    def get_users_who_share_room_from_dir(self, user_id):
+        """Returns the set of users who share a room with `user_id`
+
+        Args:
+            user_id(str): Must be a local user
+
+        Returns:
+            dict: user_id -> share_private mapping
+        """
+        rows = yield self._simple_select_list(
+            table="users_who_share_rooms",
+            keyvalues={
+                "user_id": user_id,
+            },
+            retcols=("other_user_id", "share_private",),
+            desc="get_users_who_share_room_with_user",
+        )
+
+        defer.returnValue({
+            row["other_user_id"]: row["share_private"]
+            for row in rows
+        })
+
+    def get_users_in_share_dir_with_room_id(self, user_id, room_id):
+        """Get all user tuples that are in the users_who_share_rooms due to the
+        given room_id.
+
+        Returns:
+            [(user_id, other_user_id)]: where one of the two will match the given
+            user_id.
+        """
+        sql = """
+            SELECT user_id, other_user_id FROM users_who_share_rooms
+            WHERE room_id = ? AND (user_id = ? OR other_user_id = ?)
+        """
+        return self._execute(
+            "get_users_in_share_dir_with_room_id", None, sql, room_id, user_id, user_id
+        )
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def get_rooms_in_common_for_users(self, user_id, other_user_id):
+        """Given two user_ids find out the list of rooms they share.
+        """
+        sql = """
+            SELECT room_id FROM (
+                SELECT c.room_id FROM current_state_events AS c
+                INNER JOIN room_memberships USING (event_id)
+                WHERE type = 'm.room.member'
+                    AND membership = 'join'
+                    AND state_key = ?
+            ) AS f1 INNER JOIN (
+                SELECT c.room_id FROM current_state_events AS c
+                INNER JOIN room_memberships USING (event_id)
+                WHERE type = 'm.room.member'
+                    AND membership = 'join'
+                    AND state_key = ?
+            ) f2 USING (room_id)
+        """
+
+        rows = yield self._execute(
+            "get_rooms_in_common_for_users", None, sql, user_id, other_user_id
+        )
+
+        defer.returnValue([room_id for room_id, in rows])
+
+    def delete_all_from_user_dir(self):
+        """Delete the entire user directory
+        """
+        def _delete_all_from_user_dir_txn(txn):
+            txn.execute("DELETE FROM user_directory")
+            txn.execute("DELETE FROM user_directory_search")
+            txn.execute("DELETE FROM users_in_pubic_room")
+            txn.execute("DELETE FROM users_who_share_rooms")
+            txn.call_after(self.get_user_in_directory.invalidate_all)
+            txn.call_after(self.get_user_in_public_room.invalidate_all)
+            txn.call_after(self.get_users_who_share_room_from_dir.invalidate_all)
+            txn.call_after(self.get_if_users_share_a_room.invalidate_all)
+        return self.runInteraction(
+            "delete_all_from_user_dir", _delete_all_from_user_dir_txn
+        )
+
+    @cached()
+    def get_user_in_directory(self, user_id):
+        return self._simple_select_one(
+            table="user_directory",
+            keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
+            retcols=("room_id", "display_name", "avatar_url",),
+            allow_none=True,
+            desc="get_user_in_directory",
+        )
+
+    @cached()
+    def get_user_in_public_room(self, user_id):
+        return self._simple_select_one(
+            table="users_in_pubic_room",
+            keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
+            retcols=("room_id",),
+            allow_none=True,
+            desc="get_user_in_public_room",
+        )
+
+    def get_user_directory_stream_pos(self):
+        return self._simple_select_one_onecol(
+            table="user_directory_stream_pos",
+            keyvalues={},
+            retcol="stream_id",
+            desc="get_user_directory_stream_pos",
+        )
+
+    def update_user_directory_stream_pos(self, stream_id):
+        return self._simple_update_one(
+            table="user_directory_stream_pos",
+            keyvalues={},
+            updatevalues={"stream_id": stream_id},
+            desc="update_user_directory_stream_pos",
+        )
+
+    def get_current_state_deltas(self, prev_stream_id):
+        prev_stream_id = int(prev_stream_id)
+        if not self._curr_state_delta_stream_cache.has_any_entity_changed(prev_stream_id):
+            return []
+
+        def get_current_state_deltas_txn(txn):
+            # First we calculate the max stream id that will give us less than
+            # N results.
+            # We arbitarily limit to 100 stream_id entries to ensure we don't
+            # select toooo many.
+            sql = """
+                SELECT stream_id, count(*)
+                FROM current_state_delta_stream
+                WHERE stream_id > ?
+                GROUP BY stream_id
+                ORDER BY stream_id ASC
+                LIMIT 100
+            """
+            txn.execute(sql, (prev_stream_id,))
+
+            total = 0
+            max_stream_id = prev_stream_id
+            for max_stream_id, count in txn:
+                total += count
+                if total > 100:
+                    # We arbitarily limit to 100 entries to ensure we don't
+                    # select toooo many.
+                    break
+
+            # Now actually get the deltas
+            sql = """
+                SELECT stream_id, room_id, type, state_key, event_id, prev_event_id
+                FROM current_state_delta_stream
+                WHERE ? < stream_id AND stream_id <= ?
+                ORDER BY stream_id ASC
+            """
+            txn.execute(sql, (prev_stream_id, max_stream_id,))
+            return self.cursor_to_dict(txn)
+
+        return self.runInteraction(
+            "get_current_state_deltas", get_current_state_deltas_txn
+        )
+
+    def get_max_stream_id_in_current_state_deltas(self):
+        return self._simple_select_one_onecol(
+            table="current_state_delta_stream",
+            keyvalues={},
+            retcol="COALESCE(MAX(stream_id), -1)",
+            desc="get_max_stream_id_in_current_state_deltas",
+        )
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def search_user_dir(self, user_id, search_term, limit):
+        """Searches for users in directory
+
+        Returns:
+            dict of the form::
+
+                {
+                    "limited": <bool>,  # whether there were more results or not
+                    "results": [  # Ordered by best match first
+                        {
+                            "user_id": <user_id>,
+                            "display_name": <display_name>,
+                            "avatar_url": <avatar_url>
+                        }
+                    ]
+                }
+        """
+        if isinstance(self.database_engine, PostgresEngine):
+            full_query, exact_query, prefix_query = _parse_query_postgres(search_term)
+
+            # We order by rank and then if they have profile info
+            # The ranking algorithm is hand tweaked for "best" results. Broadly
+            # the idea is we give a higher weight to exact matches.
+            # The array of numbers are the weights for the various part of the
+            # search: (domain, _, display name, localpart)
+            sql = """
+                SELECT d.user_id, display_name, avatar_url
+                FROM user_directory_search
+                INNER JOIN user_directory AS d USING (user_id)
+                LEFT JOIN users_in_pubic_room AS p USING (user_id)
+                LEFT JOIN (
+                    SELECT other_user_id AS user_id FROM users_who_share_rooms
+                    WHERE user_id = ? AND share_private
+                ) AS s USING (user_id)
+                WHERE
+                    (s.user_id IS NOT NULL OR p.user_id IS NOT NULL)
+                    AND vector @@ to_tsquery('english', ?)
+                ORDER BY
+                    (CASE WHEN s.user_id IS NOT NULL THEN 4.0 ELSE 1.0 END)
+                    * (CASE WHEN display_name IS NOT NULL THEN 1.2 ELSE 1.0 END)
+                    * (CASE WHEN avatar_url IS NOT NULL THEN 1.2 ELSE 1.0 END)
+                    * (
+                        3 * ts_rank_cd(
+                            '{0.1, 0.1, 0.9, 1.0}',
+                            vector,
+                            to_tsquery('english', ?),
+                            8
+                        )
+                        + ts_rank_cd(
+                            '{0.1, 0.1, 0.9, 1.0}',
+                            vector,
+                            to_tsquery('english', ?),
+                            8
+                        )
+                    )
+                    DESC,
+                    display_name IS NULL,
+                    avatar_url IS NULL
+                LIMIT ?
+            """
+            args = (user_id, full_query, exact_query, prefix_query, limit + 1,)
+        elif isinstance(self.database_engine, Sqlite3Engine):
+            search_query = _parse_query_sqlite(search_term)
+
+            sql = """
+                SELECT d.user_id, display_name, avatar_url
+                FROM user_directory_search
+                INNER JOIN user_directory AS d USING (user_id)
+                LEFT JOIN users_in_pubic_room AS p USING (user_id)
+                LEFT JOIN (
+                    SELECT other_user_id AS user_id FROM users_who_share_rooms
+                    WHERE user_id = ? AND share_private
+                ) AS s USING (user_id)
+                WHERE
+                    (s.user_id IS NOT NULL OR p.user_id IS NOT NULL)
+                    AND value MATCH ?
+                ORDER BY
+                    rank(matchinfo(user_directory_search)) DESC,
+                    display_name IS NULL,
+                    avatar_url IS NULL
+                LIMIT ?
+            """
+            args = (user_id, search_query, limit + 1)
+        else:
+            # This should be unreachable.
+            raise Exception("Unrecognized database engine")
+
+        results = yield self._execute(
+            "search_user_dir", self.cursor_to_dict, sql, *args
+        )
+
+        limited = len(results) > limit
+
+        defer.returnValue({
+            "limited": limited,
+            "results": results,
+        })
+
+
+def _parse_query_sqlite(search_term):
+    """Takes a plain unicode string from the user and converts it into a form
+    that can be passed to database.
+    We use this so that we can add prefix matching, which isn't something
+    that is supported by default.
+
+    We specifically add both a prefix and non prefix matching term so that
+    exact matches get ranked higher.
+    """
+
+    # Pull out the individual words, discarding any non-word characters.
+    results = re.findall(r"([\w\-]+)", search_term, re.UNICODE)
+    return " & ".join("(%s* | %s)" % (result, result,) for result in results)
+
+
+def _parse_query_postgres(search_term):
+    """Takes a plain unicode string from the user and converts it into a form
+    that can be passed to database.
+    We use this so that we can add prefix matching, which isn't something
+    that is supported by default.
+    """
+
+    # Pull out the individual words, discarding any non-word characters.
+    results = re.findall(r"([\w\-]+)", search_term, re.UNICODE)
+
+    both = " & ".join("(%s:* | %s)" % (result, result,) for result in results)
+    exact = " & ".join("%s" % (result,) for result in results)
+    prefix = " & ".join("%s:*" % (result,) for result in results)
+
+    return both, exact, prefix