diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/transactions.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/transactions.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4b1a2368f6
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+++ b/synapse/storage/schema/transactions.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+/* Copyright 2014 matrix.org
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+-- Stores what transaction ids we have received and what our response was
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS received_transactions(
+ transaction_id TEXT,
+ origin TEXT,
+ ts INTEGER,
+ response_code INTEGER,
+ response_json TEXT,
+ has_been_referenced BOOL default 0, -- Whether thishas been referenced by a prev_tx
+ CONSTRAINT uniquesss UNIQUE (transaction_id, origin) ON CONFLICT REPLACE
+);
+
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS transactions_txid ON received_transactions(transaction_id, origin);
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS transactions_have_ref ON received_transactions(origin, has_been_referenced);-- WHERE has_been_referenced = 0;
+
+
+-- Stores what transactions we've sent, what their response was (if we got one) and whether we have
+-- since referenced the transaction in another outgoing transaction
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS sent_transactions(
+ id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT, -- This is used to apply insertion ordering
+ transaction_id TEXT,
+ destination TEXT,
+ response_code INTEGER DEFAULT 0,
+ response_json TEXT,
+ ts INTEGER
+);
+
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS sent_transaction_dest ON sent_transactions(destination);
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS sent_transaction_dest_referenced ON sent_transactions(
+ destination
+);
+-- So that we can do an efficient look up of all transactions that have yet to be successfully
+-- sent.
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS sent_transaction_sent ON sent_transactions(response_code);
+
+
+-- For sent transactions only.
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS transaction_id_to_pdu(
+ transaction_id INTEGER,
+ destination TEXT,
+ pdu_id TEXT,
+ pdu_origin TEXT
+);
+
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS transaction_id_to_pdu_tx ON transaction_id_to_pdu(transaction_id, destination);
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS transaction_id_to_pdu_dest ON transaction_id_to_pdu(destination);
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS transaction_id_to_pdu_index ON transaction_id_to_pdu(transaction_id, destination);
+
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