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Diffstat (limited to 'synapse/media')
| -rw-r--r-- | synapse/media/url_previewer.py | 833 |
1 files changed, 833 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/synapse/media/url_previewer.py b/synapse/media/url_previewer.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c8a4a809f1 --- /dev/null +++ b/synapse/media/url_previewer.py @@ -0,0 +1,833 @@ +# Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd +# Copyright 2020-2023 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C. +# +# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); +# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. +# You may obtain a copy of the License at +# +# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 +# +# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software +# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, +# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. +# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and +# limitations under the License. +import datetime +import errno +import fnmatch +import logging +import os +import re +import shutil +import sys +import traceback +from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, BinaryIO, Iterable, Optional, Tuple +from urllib.parse import urljoin, urlparse, urlsplit +from urllib.request import urlopen + +import attr + +from twisted.internet.defer import Deferred +from twisted.internet.error import DNSLookupError + +from synapse.api.errors import Codes, SynapseError +from synapse.http.client import SimpleHttpClient +from synapse.logging.context import make_deferred_yieldable, run_in_background +from synapse.media._base import FileInfo, get_filename_from_headers +from synapse.media.media_storage import MediaStorage +from synapse.media.oembed import OEmbedProvider +from synapse.media.preview_html import decode_body, parse_html_to_open_graph +from synapse.metrics.background_process_metrics import run_as_background_process +from synapse.types import JsonDict, UserID +from synapse.util import json_encoder +from synapse.util.async_helpers import ObservableDeferred +from synapse.util.caches.expiringcache import ExpiringCache +from synapse.util.stringutils import random_string + +if TYPE_CHECKING: + from synapse.media.media_repository import MediaRepository + from synapse.server import HomeServer + +logger = logging.getLogger(__name__) + +OG_TAG_NAME_MAXLEN = 50 +OG_TAG_VALUE_MAXLEN = 1000 + +ONE_HOUR = 60 * 60 * 1000 +ONE_DAY = 24 * ONE_HOUR +IMAGE_CACHE_EXPIRY_MS = 2 * ONE_DAY + + +@attr.s(slots=True, frozen=True, auto_attribs=True) +class DownloadResult: + length: int + uri: str + response_code: int + media_type: str + download_name: Optional[str] + expires: int + etag: Optional[str] + + +@attr.s(slots=True, frozen=True, auto_attribs=True) +class MediaInfo: + """ + Information parsed from downloading media being previewed. + """ + + # The Content-Type header of the response. + media_type: str + # The length (in bytes) of the downloaded media. + media_length: int + # The media filename, according to the server. This is parsed from the + # returned headers, if possible. + download_name: Optional[str] + # The time of the preview. + created_ts_ms: int + # Information from the media storage provider about where the file is stored + # on disk. + filesystem_id: str + filename: str + # The URI being previewed. + uri: str + # The HTTP response code. + response_code: int + # The timestamp (in milliseconds) of when this preview expires. + expires: int + # The ETag header of the response. + etag: Optional[str] + + +class UrlPreviewer: + """ + Generates an Open Graph (https://ogp.me/) responses (with some Matrix + specific additions) for a given URL. + + When Synapse is asked to preview a URL it does the following: + + 1. Checks against a URL blacklist (defined as `url_preview_url_blacklist` in the + config). + 2. Checks the URL against an in-memory cache and returns the result if it exists. (This + is also used to de-duplicate processing of multiple in-flight requests at once.) + 3. Kicks off a background process to generate a preview: + 1. Checks URL and timestamp against the database cache and returns the result if it + has not expired and was successful (a 2xx return code). + 2. Checks if the URL matches an oEmbed (https://oembed.com/) pattern. If it + does, update the URL to download. + 3. Downloads the URL and stores it into a file via the media storage provider + and saves the local media metadata. + 4. If the media is an image: + 1. Generates thumbnails. + 2. Generates an Open Graph response based on image properties. + 5. If the media is HTML: + 1. Decodes the HTML via the stored file. + 2. Generates an Open Graph response from the HTML. + 3. If a JSON oEmbed URL was found in the HTML via autodiscovery: + 1. Downloads the URL and stores it into a file via the media storage provider + and saves the local media metadata. + 2. Convert the oEmbed response to an Open Graph response. + 3. Override any Open Graph data from the HTML with data from oEmbed. + 4. If an image exists in the Open Graph response: + 1. Downloads the URL and stores it into a file via the media storage + provider and saves the local media metadata. + 2. Generates thumbnails. + 3. Updates the Open Graph response based on image properties. + 6. If the media is JSON and an oEmbed URL was found: + 1. Convert the oEmbed response to an Open Graph response. + 2. If a thumbnail or image is in the oEmbed response: + 1. Downloads the URL and stores it into a file via the media storage + provider and saves the local media metadata. + 2. Generates thumbnails. + 3. Updates the Open Graph response based on image properties. + 7. Stores the result in the database cache. + 4. Returns the result. + + If any additional requests (e.g. from oEmbed autodiscovery, step 5.3 or + image thumbnailing, step 5.4 or 6.4) fails then the URL preview as a whole + does not fail. As much information as possible is returned. + + The in-memory cache expires after 1 hour. + + Expired entries in the database cache (and their associated media files) are + deleted every 10 seconds. The default expiration time is 1 hour from download. + """ + + def __init__( + self, + hs: "HomeServer", + media_repo: "MediaRepository", + media_storage: MediaStorage, + ): + self.clock = hs.get_clock() + self.filepaths = media_repo.filepaths + self.max_spider_size = hs.config.media.max_spider_size + self.server_name = hs.hostname + self.store = hs.get_datastores().main + self.client = SimpleHttpClient( + hs, + treq_args={"browser_like_redirects": True}, + ip_whitelist=hs.config.media.url_preview_ip_range_whitelist, + ip_blacklist=hs.config.media.url_preview_ip_range_blacklist, + use_proxy=True, + ) + self.media_repo = media_repo + self.primary_base_path = media_repo.primary_base_path + self.media_storage = media_storage + + self._oembed = OEmbedProvider(hs) + + # We run the background jobs if we're the instance specified (or no + # instance is specified, where we assume there is only one instance + # serving media). + instance_running_jobs = hs.config.media.media_instance_running_background_jobs + self._worker_run_media_background_jobs = ( + instance_running_jobs is None + or instance_running_jobs == hs.get_instance_name() + ) + + self.url_preview_url_blacklist = hs.config.media.url_preview_url_blacklist + self.url_preview_accept_language = hs.config.media.url_preview_accept_language + + # memory cache mapping urls to an ObservableDeferred returning + # JSON-encoded OG metadata + self._cache: ExpiringCache[str, ObservableDeferred] = ExpiringCache( + cache_name="url_previews", + clock=self.clock, + # don't spider URLs more often than once an hour + expiry_ms=ONE_HOUR, + ) + + if self._worker_run_media_background_jobs: + self._cleaner_loop = self.clock.looping_call( + self._start_expire_url_cache_data, 10 * 1000 + ) + + async def preview(self, url: str, user: UserID, ts: int) -> bytes: + # XXX: we could move this into _do_preview if we wanted. + url_tuple = urlsplit(url) + for entry in self.url_preview_url_blacklist: + match = True + for attrib in entry: + pattern = entry[attrib] + value = getattr(url_tuple, attrib) + logger.debug( + "Matching attrib '%s' with value '%s' against pattern '%s'", + attrib, + value, + pattern, + ) + + if value is None: + match = False + continue + + # Some attributes might not be parsed as strings by urlsplit (such as the + # port, which is parsed as an int). Because we use match functions that + # expect strings, we want to make sure that's what we give them. + value_str = str(value) + + if pattern.startswith("^"): + if not re.match(pattern, value_str): + match = False + continue + else: + if not fnmatch.fnmatch(value_str, pattern): + match = False + continue + if match: + logger.warning("URL %s blocked by url_blacklist entry %s", url, entry) + raise SynapseError( + 403, "URL blocked by url pattern blacklist entry", Codes.UNKNOWN + ) + + # the in-memory cache: + # * ensures that only one request is active at a time + # * takes load off the DB for the thundering herds + # * also caches any failures (unlike the DB) so we don't keep + # requesting the same endpoint + + observable = self._cache.get(url) + + if not observable: + download = run_in_background(self._do_preview, url, user, ts) + observable = ObservableDeferred(download, consumeErrors=True) + self._cache[url] = observable + else: + logger.info("Returning cached response") + + return await make_deferred_yieldable(observable.observe()) + + async def _do_preview(self, url: str, user: UserID, ts: int) -> bytes: + """Check the db, and download the URL and build a preview + + Args: + url: The URL to preview. + user: The user requesting the preview. + ts: The timestamp requested for the preview. + + Returns: + json-encoded og data + """ + # check the URL cache in the DB (which will also provide us with + # historical previews, if we have any) + cache_result = await self.store.get_url_cache(url, ts) + if ( + cache_result + and cache_result["expires_ts"] > ts + and cache_result["response_code"] / 100 == 2 + ): + # It may be stored as text in the database, not as bytes (such as + # PostgreSQL). If so, encode it back before handing it on. + og = cache_result["og"] + if isinstance(og, str): + og = og.encode("utf8") + return og + + # If this URL can be accessed via oEmbed, use that instead. + url_to_download = url + oembed_url = self._oembed.get_oembed_url(url) + if oembed_url: + url_to_download = oembed_url + + media_info = await self._handle_url(url_to_download, user) + + logger.debug("got media_info of '%s'", media_info) + + # The number of milliseconds that the response should be considered valid. + expiration_ms = media_info.expires + author_name: Optional[str] = None + + if _is_media(media_info.media_type): + file_id = media_info.filesystem_id + dims = await self.media_repo._generate_thumbnails( + None, file_id, file_id, media_info.media_type, url_cache=True + ) + + og = { + "og:description": media_info.download_name, + "og:image": f"mxc://{self.server_name}/{media_info.filesystem_id}", + "og:image:type": media_info.media_type, + "matrix:image:size": media_info.media_length, + } + + if dims: + og["og:image:width"] = dims["width"] + og["og:image:height"] = dims["height"] + else: + logger.warning("Couldn't get dims for %s" % url) + + # define our OG response for this media + elif _is_html(media_info.media_type): + # TODO: somehow stop a big HTML tree from exploding synapse's RAM + + with open(media_info.filename, "rb") as file: + body = file.read() + + tree = decode_body(body, media_info.uri, media_info.media_type) + if tree is not None: + # Check if this HTML document points to oEmbed information and + # defer to that. + oembed_url = self._oembed.autodiscover_from_html(tree) + og_from_oembed: JsonDict = {} + if oembed_url: + try: + oembed_info = await self._handle_url( + oembed_url, user, allow_data_urls=True + ) + except Exception as e: + # Fetching the oEmbed info failed, don't block the entire URL preview. + logger.warning( + "oEmbed fetch failed during URL preview: %s errored with %s", + oembed_url, + e, + ) + else: + ( + og_from_oembed, + author_name, + expiration_ms, + ) = await self._handle_oembed_response( + url, oembed_info, expiration_ms + ) + + # Parse Open Graph information from the HTML in case the oEmbed + # response failed or is incomplete. + og_from_html = parse_html_to_open_graph(tree) + + # Compile the Open Graph response by using the scraped + # information from the HTML and overlaying any information + # from the oEmbed response. + og = {**og_from_html, **og_from_oembed} + + await self._precache_image_url(user, media_info, og) + else: + og = {} + + elif oembed_url: + # Handle the oEmbed information. + og, author_name, expiration_ms = await self._handle_oembed_response( + url, media_info, expiration_ms + ) + await self._precache_image_url(user, media_info, og) + + else: + logger.warning("Failed to find any OG data in %s", url) + og = {} + + # If we don't have a title but we have author_name, copy it as + # title + if not og.get("og:title") and author_name: + og["og:title"] = author_name + + # filter out any stupidly long values + keys_to_remove = [] + for k, v in og.items(): + # values can be numeric as well as strings, hence the cast to str + if len(k) > OG_TAG_NAME_MAXLEN or len(str(v)) > OG_TAG_VALUE_MAXLEN: + logger.warning( + "Pruning overlong tag %s from OG data", k[:OG_TAG_NAME_MAXLEN] + ) + keys_to_remove.append(k) + for k in keys_to_remove: + del og[k] + + logger.debug("Calculated OG for %s as %s", url, og) + + jsonog = json_encoder.encode(og) + + # Cap the amount of time to consider a response valid. + expiration_ms = min(expiration_ms, ONE_DAY) + + # store OG in history-aware DB cache + await self.store.store_url_cache( + url, + media_info.response_code, + media_info.etag, + media_info.created_ts_ms + expiration_ms, + jsonog, + media_info.filesystem_id, + media_info.created_ts_ms, + ) + + return jsonog.encode("utf8") + + async def _download_url(self, url: str, output_stream: BinaryIO) -> DownloadResult: + """ + Fetches a remote URL and parses the headers. + + Args: + url: The URL to fetch. + output_stream: The stream to write the content to. + + Returns: + A tuple of: + Media length, URL downloaded, the HTTP response code, + the media type, the downloaded file name, the number of + milliseconds the result is valid for, the etag header. + """ + + try: + logger.debug("Trying to get preview for url '%s'", url) + length, headers, uri, code = await self.client.get_file( + url, + output_stream=output_stream, + max_size=self.max_spider_size, + headers={ + b"Accept-Language": self.url_preview_accept_language, + # Use a custom user agent for the preview because some sites will only return + # Open Graph metadata to crawler user agents. Omit the Synapse version + # string to avoid leaking information. + b"User-Agent": [ + "Synapse (bot; +https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse)" + ], + }, + is_allowed_content_type=_is_previewable, + ) + except SynapseError: + # Pass SynapseErrors through directly, so that the servlet + # handler will return a SynapseError to the client instead of + # blank data or a 500. + raise + except DNSLookupError: + # DNS lookup returned no results + # Note: This will also be the case if one of the resolved IP + # addresses is blacklisted + raise SynapseError( + 502, + "DNS resolution failure during URL preview generation", + Codes.UNKNOWN, + ) + except Exception as e: + # FIXME: pass through 404s and other error messages nicely + logger.warning("Error downloading %s: %r", url, e) + + raise SynapseError( + 500, + "Failed to download content: %s" + % (traceback.format_exception_only(sys.exc_info()[0], e),), + Codes.UNKNOWN, + ) + + if b"Content-Type" in headers: + media_type = headers[b"Content-Type"][0].decode("ascii") + else: + media_type = "application/octet-stream" + + download_name = get_filename_from_headers(headers) + + # FIXME: we should calculate a proper expiration based on the + # Cache-Control and Expire headers. But for now, assume 1 hour. + expires = ONE_HOUR + etag = headers[b"ETag"][0].decode("ascii") if b"ETag" in headers else None + + return DownloadResult( + length, uri, code, media_type, download_name, expires, etag + ) + + async def _parse_data_url( + self, url: str, output_stream: BinaryIO + ) -> DownloadResult: + """ + Parses a data: URL. + + Args: + url: The URL to parse. + output_stream: The stream to write the content to. + + Returns: + A tuple of: + Media length, URL downloaded, the HTTP response code, + the media type, the downloaded file name, the number of + milliseconds the result is valid for, the etag header. + """ + + try: + logger.debug("Trying to parse data url '%s'", url) + with urlopen(url) as url_info: + # TODO Can this be more efficient. + output_stream.write(url_info.read()) + except Exception as e: + logger.warning("Error parsing data: URL %s: %r", url, e) + + raise SynapseError( + 500, + "Failed to parse data URL: %s" + % (traceback.format_exception_only(sys.exc_info()[0], e),), + Codes.UNKNOWN, + ) + + return DownloadResult( + # Read back the length that has been written. + length=output_stream.tell(), + uri=url, + # If it was parsed, consider this a 200 OK. + response_code=200, + # urlopen shoves the media-type from the data URL into the content type + # header object. + media_type=url_info.headers.get_content_type(), + # Some features are not supported by data: URLs. + download_name=None, + expires=ONE_HOUR, + etag=None, + ) + + async def _handle_url( + self, url: str, user: UserID, allow_data_urls: bool = False + ) -> MediaInfo: + """ + Fetches content from a URL and parses the result to generate a MediaInfo. + + It uses the media storage provider to persist the fetched content and + stores the mapping into the database. + + Args: + url: The URL to fetch. + user: The user who ahs requested this URL. + allow_data_urls: True if data URLs should be allowed. + + Returns: + A MediaInfo object describing the fetched content. + """ + + # TODO: we should probably honour robots.txt... except in practice + # we're most likely being explicitly triggered by a human rather than a + # bot, so are we really a robot? + + file_id = datetime.date.today().isoformat() + "_" + random_string(16) + + file_info = FileInfo(server_name=None, file_id=file_id, url_cache=True) + + with self.media_storage.store_into_file(file_info) as (f, fname, finish): + if url.startswith("data:"): + if not allow_data_urls: + raise SynapseError( + 500, "Previewing of data: URLs is forbidden", Codes.UNKNOWN + ) + + download_result = await self._parse_data_url(url, f) + else: + download_result = await self._download_url(url, f) + + await finish() + + try: + time_now_ms = self.clock.time_msec() + + await self.store.store_local_media( + media_id=file_id, + media_type=download_result.media_type, + time_now_ms=time_now_ms, + upload_name=download_result.download_name, + media_length=download_result.length, + user_id=user, + url_cache=url, + ) + + except Exception as e: + logger.error("Error handling downloaded %s: %r", url, e) + # TODO: we really ought to delete the downloaded file in this + # case, since we won't have recorded it in the db, and will + # therefore not expire it. + raise + + return MediaInfo( + media_type=download_result.media_type, + media_length=download_result.length, + download_name=download_result.download_name, + created_ts_ms=time_now_ms, + filesystem_id=file_id, + filename=fname, + uri=download_result.uri, + response_code=download_result.response_code, + expires=download_result.expires, + etag=download_result.etag, + ) + + async def _precache_image_url( + self, user: UserID, media_info: MediaInfo, og: JsonDict + ) -> None: + """ + Pre-cache the image (if one exists) for posterity + + Args: + user: The user requesting the preview. + media_info: The media being previewed. + og: The Open Graph dictionary. This is modified with image information. + """ + # If there's no image or it is blank, there's nothing to do. + if "og:image" not in og: + return + + # Remove the raw image URL, this will be replaced with an MXC URL, if successful. + image_url = og.pop("og:image") + if not image_url: + return + + # The image URL from the HTML might be relative to the previewed page, + # convert it to an URL which can be requested directly. + url_parts = urlparse(image_url) + if url_parts.scheme != "data": + image_url = urljoin(media_info.uri, image_url) + + # FIXME: it might be cleaner to use the same flow as the main /preview_url + # request itself and benefit from the same caching etc. But for now we + # just rely on the caching on the master request to speed things up. + try: + image_info = await self._handle_url(image_url, user, allow_data_urls=True) + except Exception as e: + # Pre-caching the image failed, don't block the entire URL preview. + logger.warning( + "Pre-caching image failed during URL preview: %s errored with %s", + image_url, + e, + ) + return + + if _is_media(image_info.media_type): + # TODO: make sure we don't choke on white-on-transparent images + file_id = image_info.filesystem_id + dims = await self.media_repo._generate_thumbnails( + None, file_id, file_id, image_info.media_type, url_cache=True + ) + if dims: + og["og:image:width"] = dims["width"] + og["og:image:height"] = dims["height"] + else: + logger.warning("Couldn't get dims for %s", image_url) + + og["og:image"] = f"mxc://{self.server_name}/{image_info.filesystem_id}" + og["og:image:type"] = image_info.media_type + og["matrix:image:size"] = image_info.media_length + + async def _handle_oembed_response( + self, url: str, media_info: MediaInfo, expiration_ms: int + ) -> Tuple[JsonDict, Optional[str], int]: + """ + Parse the downloaded oEmbed info. + + Args: + url: The URL which is being previewed (not the one which was + requested). + media_info: The media being previewed. + expiration_ms: The length of time, in milliseconds, the media is valid for. + + Returns: + A tuple of: + The Open Graph dictionary, if the oEmbed info can be parsed. + The author name if it could be retrieved from oEmbed. + The (possibly updated) length of time, in milliseconds, the media is valid for. + """ + # If JSON was not returned, there's nothing to do. + if not _is_json(media_info.media_type): + return {}, None, expiration_ms + + with open(media_info.filename, "rb") as file: + body = file.read() + + oembed_response = self._oembed.parse_oembed_response(url, body) + open_graph_result = oembed_response.open_graph_result + + # Use the cache age from the oEmbed result, if one was given. + if open_graph_result and oembed_response.cache_age is not None: + expiration_ms = oembed_response.cache_age + + return open_graph_result, oembed_response.author_name, expiration_ms + + def _start_expire_url_cache_data(self) -> Deferred: + return run_as_background_process( + "expire_url_cache_data", self._expire_url_cache_data + ) + + async def _expire_url_cache_data(self) -> None: + """Clean up expired url cache content, media and thumbnails.""" + + assert self._worker_run_media_background_jobs + + now = self.clock.time_msec() + + logger.debug("Running url preview cache expiry") + + def try_remove_parent_dirs(dirs: Iterable[str]) -> None: + """Attempt to remove the given chain of parent directories + + Args: + dirs: The list of directory paths to delete, with children appearing + before their parents. + """ + for dir in dirs: + try: + os.rmdir(dir) + except FileNotFoundError: + # Already deleted, continue with deleting the rest + pass + except OSError as e: + # Failed, skip deleting the rest of the parent dirs + if e.errno != errno.ENOTEMPTY: + logger.warning( + "Failed to remove media directory while clearing url preview cache: %r: %s", + dir, + e, + ) + break + + # First we delete expired url cache entries + media_ids = await self.store.get_expired_url_cache(now) + + removed_media = [] + for media_id in media_ids: + fname = self.filepaths.url_cache_filepath(media_id) + try: + os.remove(fname) + except FileNotFoundError: + pass # If the path doesn't exist, meh + except OSError as e: + logger.warning( + "Failed to remove media while clearing url preview cache: %r: %s", + media_id, + e, + ) + continue + + removed_media.append(media_id) + + dirs = self.filepaths.url_cache_filepath_dirs_to_delete(media_id) + try_remove_parent_dirs(dirs) + + await self.store.delete_url_cache(removed_media) + + if removed_media: + logger.debug( + "Deleted %d entries from url preview cache", len(removed_media) + ) + else: + logger.debug("No entries removed from url preview cache") + + # Now we delete old images associated with the url cache. + # These may be cached for a bit on the client (i.e., they + # may have a room open with a preview url thing open). + # So we wait a couple of days before deleting, just in case. + expire_before = now - IMAGE_CACHE_EXPIRY_MS + media_ids = await self.store.get_url_cache_media_before(expire_before) + + removed_media = [] + for media_id in media_ids: + fname = self.filepaths.url_cache_filepath(media_id) + try: + os.remove(fname) + except FileNotFoundError: + pass # If the path doesn't exist, meh + except OSError as e: + logger.warning( + "Failed to remove media from url preview cache: %r: %s", media_id, e + ) + continue + + dirs = self.filepaths.url_cache_filepath_dirs_to_delete(media_id) + try_remove_parent_dirs(dirs) + + thumbnail_dir = self.filepaths.url_cache_thumbnail_directory(media_id) + try: + shutil.rmtree(thumbnail_dir) + except FileNotFoundError: + pass # If the path doesn't exist, meh + except OSError as e: + logger.warning( + "Failed to remove media from url preview cache: %r: %s", media_id, e + ) + continue + + removed_media.append(media_id) + + dirs = self.filepaths.url_cache_thumbnail_dirs_to_delete(media_id) + # Note that one of the directories to be deleted has already been + # removed by the `rmtree` above. + try_remove_parent_dirs(dirs) + + await self.store.delete_url_cache_media(removed_media) + + if removed_media: + logger.debug("Deleted %d media from url preview cache", len(removed_media)) + else: + logger.debug("No media removed from url preview cache") + + +def _is_media(content_type: str) -> bool: + return content_type.lower().startswith("image/") + + +def _is_html(content_type: str) -> bool: + content_type = content_type.lower() + return content_type.startswith("text/html") or content_type.startswith( + "application/xhtml" + ) + + +def _is_json(content_type: str) -> bool: + return content_type.lower().startswith("application/json") + + +def _is_previewable(content_type: str) -> bool: + """Returns True for content types for which we will perform URL preview and False + otherwise.""" + + return _is_html(content_type) or _is_media(content_type) or _is_json(content_type) |