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+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# Copyright 2014 matrix.org
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+""" Defines the JSON structure of the protocol units used by the server to
+server protocol.
+"""
+
+from synapse.util.jsonobject import JsonEncodedObject
+
+import logging
+import json
+import copy
+
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class Pdu(JsonEncodedObject):
+    """ A Pdu represents a piece of data sent from a server and is associated
+    with a context.
+
+    A Pdu can be classified as "state". For a given context, we can efficiently
+    retrieve all state pdu's that haven't been clobbered. Clobbering is done
+    via a unique constraint on the tuple (context, pdu_type, state_key). A pdu
+    is a state pdu if `is_state` is True.
+
+    Example pdu::
+
+        {
+            "pdu_id": "78c",
+            "ts": 1404835423000,
+            "origin": "bar",
+            "prev_ids": [
+                ["23b", "foo"],
+                ["56a", "bar"],
+            ],
+            "content": { ... },
+        }
+
+    """
+
+    valid_keys = [
+        "pdu_id",
+        "context",
+        "origin",
+        "ts",
+        "pdu_type",
+        "destinations",
+        "transaction_id",
+        "prev_pdus",
+        "depth",
+        "content",
+        "outlier",
+        "is_state",  # Below this are keys valid only for State Pdus.
+        "state_key",
+        "power_level",
+        "prev_state_id",
+        "prev_state_origin",
+    ]
+
+    internal_keys = [
+        "destinations",
+        "transaction_id",
+        "outlier",
+    ]
+
+    required_keys = [
+        "pdu_id",
+        "context",
+        "origin",
+        "ts",
+        "pdu_type",
+        "content",
+    ]
+
+    # TODO: We need to make this properly load content rather than
+    # just leaving it as a dict. (OR DO WE?!)
+
+    def __init__(self, destinations=[], is_state=False, prev_pdus=[],
+                 outlier=False, **kwargs):
+        if is_state:
+            for required_key in ["state_key"]:
+                if required_key not in kwargs:
+                    raise RuntimeError("Key %s is required" % required_key)
+
+        super(Pdu, self).__init__(
+            destinations=destinations,
+            is_state=is_state,
+            prev_pdus=prev_pdus,
+            outlier=outlier,
+            **kwargs
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_pdu_tuple(cls, pdu_tuple):
+        """ Converts a PduTuple to a Pdu
+
+        Args:
+            pdu_tuple (synapse.persistence.transactions.PduTuple): The tuple to
+                convert
+
+        Returns:
+            Pdu
+        """
+        if pdu_tuple:
+            d = copy.copy(pdu_tuple.pdu_entry._asdict())
+
+            d["content"] = json.loads(d["content_json"])
+            del d["content_json"]
+
+            args = {f: d[f] for f in cls.valid_keys if f in d}
+            if "unrecognized_keys" in d and d["unrecognized_keys"]:
+                args.update(json.loads(d["unrecognized_keys"]))
+
+            return Pdu(
+                prev_pdus=pdu_tuple.prev_pdu_list,
+                **args
+            )
+        else:
+            return None
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return "(%s, %s)" % (self.__class__.__name__, repr(self.__dict__))
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return "<%s, %s>" % (self.__class__.__name__, repr(self.__dict__))
+
+
+class Edu(JsonEncodedObject):
+    """ An Edu represents a piece of data sent from one homeserver to another.
+
+    In comparison to Pdus, Edus are not persisted for a long time on disk, are
+    not meaningful beyond a given pair of homeservers, and don't have an
+    internal ID or previous references graph.
+    """
+
+    valid_keys = [
+        "origin",
+        "destination",
+        "edu_type",
+        "content",
+    ]
+
+    required_keys = [
+        "origin",
+        "destination",
+        "edu_type",
+    ]
+
+
+class Transaction(JsonEncodedObject):
+    """ A transaction is a list of Pdus and Edus to be sent to a remote home
+    server with some extra metadata.
+
+    Example transaction::
+
+        {
+            "origin": "foo",
+            "prev_ids": ["abc", "def"],
+            "pdus": [
+                ...
+            ],
+        }
+
+    """
+
+    valid_keys = [
+        "transaction_id",
+        "origin",
+        "destination",
+        "ts",
+        "previous_ids",
+        "pdus",
+        "edus",
+    ]
+
+    internal_keys = [
+        "transaction_id",
+        "destination",
+    ]
+
+    required_keys = [
+        "transaction_id",
+        "origin",
+        "destination",
+        "ts",
+        "pdus",
+    ]
+
+    def __init__(self, transaction_id=None, pdus=[], **kwargs):
+        """ If we include a list of pdus then we decode then as PDU's
+        automatically.
+        """
+
+        # If there's no EDUs then remove the arg
+        if "edus" in kwargs and not kwargs["edus"]:
+            del kwargs["edus"]
+
+        super(Transaction, self).__init__(
+            transaction_id=transaction_id,
+            pdus=pdus,
+            **kwargs
+        )
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def create_new(pdus, **kwargs):
+        """ Used to create a new transaction. Will auto fill out
+        transaction_id and ts keys.
+        """
+        if "ts" not in kwargs:
+            raise KeyError("Require 'ts' to construct a Transaction")
+        if "transaction_id" not in kwargs:
+            raise KeyError(
+                "Require 'transaction_id' to construct a Transaction"
+            )
+
+        for p in pdus:
+            p.transaction_id = kwargs["transaction_id"]
+
+        kwargs["pdus"] = [p.get_dict() for p in pdus]
+
+        return Transaction(**kwargs)
+
+
+