diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'docs/setup/installation.md')
| -rw-r--r-- | docs/setup/installation.md | 603 |
1 files changed, 596 insertions, 7 deletions
diff --git a/docs/setup/installation.md b/docs/setup/installation.md index 8bb1cffd3d..d041d08333 100644 --- a/docs/setup/installation.md +++ b/docs/setup/installation.md @@ -1,7 +1,596 @@ -<!-- - Include the contents of INSTALL.md from the project root without moving it, which may - break links around the internet. Additionally, note that SUMMARY.md is unable to - directly link to content outside of the docs/ directory. So we use this file as a - redirection. ---> -{{#include ../../INSTALL.md}} \ No newline at end of file +# Installation Instructions + +There are 3 steps to follow under **Installation Instructions**. + +- [Installation Instructions](#installation-instructions) + - [Choosing your server name](#choosing-your-server-name) + - [Installing Synapse](#installing-synapse) + - [Installing from source](#installing-from-source) + - [Platform-specific prerequisites](#platform-specific-prerequisites) + - [Debian/Ubuntu/Raspbian](#debianubunturaspbian) + - [ArchLinux](#archlinux) + - [CentOS/Fedora](#centosfedora) + - [macOS](#macos) + - [OpenSUSE](#opensuse) + - [OpenBSD](#openbsd) + - [Windows](#windows) + - [Prebuilt packages](#prebuilt-packages) + - [Docker images and Ansible playbooks](#docker-images-and-ansible-playbooks) + - [Debian/Ubuntu](#debianubuntu) + - [Matrix.org packages](#matrixorg-packages) + - [Downstream Debian packages](#downstream-debian-packages) + - [Downstream Ubuntu packages](#downstream-ubuntu-packages) + - [Fedora](#fedora) + - [OpenSUSE](#opensuse-1) + - [SUSE Linux Enterprise Server](#suse-linux-enterprise-server) + - [ArchLinux](#archlinux-1) + - [Void Linux](#void-linux) + - [FreeBSD](#freebsd) + - [OpenBSD](#openbsd-1) + - [NixOS](#nixos) + - [Setting up Synapse](#setting-up-synapse) + - [Using PostgreSQL](#using-postgresql) + - [TLS certificates](#tls-certificates) + - [Client Well-Known URI](#client-well-known-uri) + - [Email](#email) + - [Registering a user](#registering-a-user) + - [Setting up a TURN server](#setting-up-a-turn-server) + - [URL previews](#url-previews) + - [Troubleshooting Installation](#troubleshooting-installation) + + +## Choosing your server name + +It is important to choose the name for your server before you install Synapse, +because it cannot be changed later. + +The server name determines the "domain" part of user-ids for users on your +server: these will all be of the format `@user:my.domain.name`. It also +determines how other matrix servers will reach yours for federation. + +For a test configuration, set this to the hostname of your server. For a more +production-ready setup, you will probably want to specify your domain +(`example.com`) rather than a matrix-specific hostname here (in the same way +that your email address is probably `user@example.com` rather than +`user@email.example.com`) - but doing so may require more advanced setup: see +[Setting up Federation](../federate.md). + +## Installing Synapse + +### Installing from source + +(Prebuilt packages are available for some platforms - see [Prebuilt packages](#prebuilt-packages).) + +When installing from source please make sure that the [Platform-specific prerequisites](#platform-specific-prerequisites) are already installed. + +System requirements: + +- POSIX-compliant system (tested on Linux & OS X) +- Python 3.5.2 or later, up to Python 3.9. +- At least 1GB of free RAM if you want to join large public rooms like #matrix:matrix.org + + +To install the Synapse homeserver run: + +```sh +mkdir -p ~/synapse +virtualenv -p python3 ~/synapse/env +source ~/synapse/env/bin/activate +pip install --upgrade pip +pip install --upgrade setuptools +pip install matrix-synapse +``` + +This will download Synapse from [PyPI](https://pypi.org/project/matrix-synapse) +and install it, along with the python libraries it uses, into a virtual environment +under `~/synapse/env`. Feel free to pick a different directory if you +prefer. + +This Synapse installation can then be later upgraded by using pip again with the +update flag: + +```sh +source ~/synapse/env/bin/activate +pip install -U matrix-synapse +``` + +Before you can start Synapse, you will need to generate a configuration +file. To do this, run (in your virtualenv, as before): + +```sh +cd ~/synapse +python -m synapse.app.homeserver \ + --server-name my.domain.name \ + --config-path homeserver.yaml \ + --generate-config \ + --report-stats=[yes|no] +``` + +... substituting an appropriate value for `--server-name`. + +This command will generate you a config file that you can then customise, but it will +also generate a set of keys for you. These keys will allow your homeserver to +identify itself to other homeserver, so don't lose or delete them. It would be +wise to back them up somewhere safe. (If, for whatever reason, you do need to +change your homeserver's keys, you may find that other homeserver have the +old key cached. If you update the signing key, you should change the name of the +key in the `<server name>.signing.key` file (the second word) to something +different. See the [spec](https://matrix.org/docs/spec/server_server/latest.html#retrieving-server-keys) for more information on key management). + +To actually run your new homeserver, pick a working directory for Synapse to +run (e.g. `~/synapse`), and: + +```sh +cd ~/synapse +source env/bin/activate +synctl start +``` + +#### Platform-specific prerequisites + +Synapse is written in Python but some of the libraries it uses are written in +C. So before we can install Synapse itself we need a working C compiler and the +header files for Python C extensions. + +##### Debian/Ubuntu/Raspbian + +Installing prerequisites on Ubuntu or Debian: + +```sh +sudo apt install build-essential python3-dev libffi-dev \ + python3-pip python3-setuptools sqlite3 \ + libssl-dev virtualenv libjpeg-dev libxslt1-dev +``` + +##### ArchLinux + +Installing prerequisites on ArchLinux: + +```sh +sudo pacman -S base-devel python python-pip \ + python-setuptools python-virtualenv sqlite3 +``` + +##### CentOS/Fedora + +Installing prerequisites on CentOS or Fedora Linux: + +```sh +sudo dnf install libtiff-devel libjpeg-devel libzip-devel freetype-devel \ + libwebp-devel libxml2-devel libxslt-devel libpq-devel \ + python3-virtualenv libffi-devel openssl-devel python3-devel +sudo dnf groupinstall "Development Tools" +``` + +##### macOS + +Installing prerequisites on macOS: + +```sh +xcode-select --install +sudo easy_install pip +sudo pip install virtualenv +brew install pkg-config libffi +``` + +On macOS Catalina (10.15) you may need to explicitly install OpenSSL +via brew and inform `pip` about it so that `psycopg2` builds: + +```sh +brew install openssl@1.1 +export LDFLAGS="-L/usr/local/opt/openssl/lib" +export CPPFLAGS="-I/usr/local/opt/openssl/include" +``` + +##### OpenSUSE + +Installing prerequisites on openSUSE: + +```sh +sudo zypper in -t pattern devel_basis +sudo zypper in python-pip python-setuptools sqlite3 python-virtualenv \ + python-devel libffi-devel libopenssl-devel libjpeg62-devel +``` + +##### OpenBSD + +A port of Synapse is available under `net/synapse`. The filesystem +underlying the homeserver directory (defaults to `/var/synapse`) has to be +mounted with `wxallowed` (cf. `mount(8)`), so creating a separate filesystem +and mounting it to `/var/synapse` should be taken into consideration. + +To be able to build Synapse's dependency on python the `WRKOBJDIR` +(cf. `bsd.port.mk(5)`) for building python, too, needs to be on a filesystem +mounted with `wxallowed` (cf. `mount(8)`). + +Creating a `WRKOBJDIR` for building python under `/usr/local` (which on a +default OpenBSD installation is mounted with `wxallowed`): + +```sh +doas mkdir /usr/local/pobj_wxallowed +``` + +Assuming `PORTS_PRIVSEP=Yes` (cf. `bsd.port.mk(5)`) and `SUDO=doas` are +configured in `/etc/mk.conf`: + +```sh +doas chown _pbuild:_pbuild /usr/local/pobj_wxallowed +``` + +Setting the `WRKOBJDIR` for building python: + +```sh +echo WRKOBJDIR_lang/python/3.7=/usr/local/pobj_wxallowed \\nWRKOBJDIR_lang/python/2.7=/usr/local/pobj_wxallowed >> /etc/mk.conf +``` + +Building Synapse: + +```sh +cd /usr/ports/net/synapse +make install +``` + +##### Windows + +If you wish to run or develop Synapse on Windows, the Windows Subsystem For +Linux provides a Linux environment on Windows 10 which is capable of using the +Debian, Fedora, or source installation methods. More information about WSL can +be found at <https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/install-win10> for +Windows 10 and <https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/install-on-server> +for Windows Server. + +### Prebuilt packages + +As an alternative to installing from source, prebuilt packages are available +for a number of platforms. + +#### Docker images and Ansible playbooks + +There is an official synapse image available at +<https://hub.docker.com/r/matrixdotorg/synapse> which can be used with +the docker-compose file available at +[contrib/docker](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/tree/develop/contrib/docker). +Further information on this including configuration options is available in the README +on hub.docker.com. + +Alternatively, Andreas Peters (previously Silvio Fricke) has contributed a +Dockerfile to automate a synapse server in a single Docker image, at +<https://hub.docker.com/r/avhost/docker-matrix/tags/> + +Slavi Pantaleev has created an Ansible playbook, +which installs the offical Docker image of Matrix Synapse +along with many other Matrix-related services (Postgres database, Element, coturn, +ma1sd, SSL support, etc.). +For more details, see +<https://github.com/spantaleev/matrix-docker-ansible-deploy> + +#### Debian/Ubuntu + +##### Matrix.org packages + +Matrix.org provides Debian/Ubuntu packages of the latest stable version of +Synapse via <https://packages.matrix.org/debian/>. They are available for Debian +9 (Stretch), Ubuntu 16.04 (Xenial), and later. To use them: + +```sh +sudo apt install -y lsb-release wget apt-transport-https +sudo wget -O /usr/share/keyrings/matrix-org-archive-keyring.gpg https://packages.matrix.org/debian/matrix-org-archive-keyring.gpg +echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/matrix-org-archive-keyring.gpg] https://packages.matrix.org/debian/ $(lsb_release -cs) main" | + sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/matrix-org.list +sudo apt update +sudo apt install matrix-synapse-py3 +``` + +**Note**: if you followed a previous version of these instructions which +recommended using `apt-key add` to add an old key from +`https://matrix.org/packages/debian/`, you should note that this key has been +revoked. You should remove the old key with `sudo apt-key remove +C35EB17E1EAE708E6603A9B3AD0592FE47F0DF61`, and follow the above instructions to +update your configuration. + +The fingerprint of the repository signing key (as shown by `gpg +/usr/share/keyrings/matrix-org-archive-keyring.gpg`) is +`AAF9AE843A7584B5A3E4CD2BCF45A512DE2DA058`. + +##### Downstream Debian packages + +We do not recommend using the packages from the default Debian `buster` +repository at this time, as they are old and suffer from known security +vulnerabilities. You can install the latest version of Synapse from +[our repository](#matrixorg-packages) or from `buster-backports`. Please +see the [Debian documentation](https://backports.debian.org/Instructions/) +for information on how to use backports. + +If you are using Debian `sid` or testing, Synapse is available in the default +repositories and it should be possible to install it simply with: + +```sh +sudo apt install matrix-synapse +``` + +##### Downstream Ubuntu packages + +We do not recommend using the packages in the default Ubuntu repository +at this time, as they are old and suffer from known security vulnerabilities. +The latest version of Synapse can be installed from [our repository](#matrixorg-packages). + +#### Fedora + +Synapse is in the Fedora repositories as `matrix-synapse`: + +```sh +sudo dnf install matrix-synapse +``` + +Oleg Girko provides Fedora RPMs at +<https://obs.infoserver.lv/project/monitor/matrix-synapse> + +#### OpenSUSE + +Synapse is in the OpenSUSE repositories as `matrix-synapse`: + +```sh +sudo zypper install matrix-synapse +``` + +#### SUSE Linux Enterprise Server + +Unofficial package are built for SLES 15 in the openSUSE:Backports:SLE-15 repository at +<https://download.opensuse.org/repositories/openSUSE:/Backports:/SLE-15/standard/> + +#### ArchLinux + +The quickest way to get up and running with ArchLinux is probably with the community package +<https://www.archlinux.org/packages/community/any/matrix-synapse/>, which should pull in most of +the necessary dependencies. + +pip may be outdated (6.0.7-1 and needs to be upgraded to 6.0.8-1 ): + +```sh +sudo pip install --upgrade pip +``` + +If you encounter an error with lib bcrypt causing an Wrong ELF Class: +ELFCLASS32 (x64 Systems), you may need to reinstall py-bcrypt to correctly +compile it under the right architecture. (This should not be needed if +installing under virtualenv): + +```sh +sudo pip uninstall py-bcrypt +sudo pip install py-bcrypt +``` + +#### Void Linux + +Synapse can be found in the void repositories as 'synapse': + +```sh +xbps-install -Su +xbps-install -S synapse +``` + +#### FreeBSD + +Synapse can be installed via FreeBSD Ports or Packages contributed by Brendan Molloy from: + +- Ports: `cd /usr/ports/net-im/py-matrix-synapse && make install clean` +- Packages: `pkg install py37-matrix-synapse` + +#### OpenBSD + +As of OpenBSD 6.7 Synapse is available as a pre-compiled binary. The filesystem +underlying the homeserver directory (defaults to `/var/synapse`) has to be +mounted with `wxallowed` (cf. `mount(8)`), so creating a separate filesystem +and mounting it to `/var/synapse` should be taken into consideration. + +Installing Synapse: + +```sh +doas pkg_add synapse +``` + +#### NixOS + +Robin Lambertz has packaged Synapse for NixOS at: +<https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/nixos/modules/services/misc/matrix-synapse.nix> + +## Setting up Synapse + +Once you have installed synapse as above, you will need to configure it. + +### Using PostgreSQL + +By default Synapse uses an [SQLite](https://sqlite.org/) database and in doing so trades +performance for convenience. Almost all installations should opt to use [PostgreSQL](https://www.postgresql.org) +instead. Advantages include: + +- significant performance improvements due to the superior threading and + caching model, smarter query optimiser +- allowing the DB to be run on separate hardware + +For information on how to install and use PostgreSQL in Synapse, please see +[docs/postgres.md](../postgres.md) + +SQLite is only acceptable for testing purposes. SQLite should not be used in +a production server. Synapse will perform poorly when using +SQLite, especially when participating in large rooms. + +### TLS certificates + +The default configuration exposes a single HTTP port on the local +interface: `http://localhost:8008`. It is suitable for local testing, +but for any practical use, you will need Synapse's APIs to be served +over HTTPS. + +The recommended way to do so is to set up a reverse proxy on port +`8448`. You can find documentation on doing so in +[docs/reverse_proxy.md](../reverse_proxy.md). + +Alternatively, you can configure Synapse to expose an HTTPS port. To do +so, you will need to edit `homeserver.yaml`, as follows: + +- First, under the `listeners` section, uncomment the configuration for the + TLS-enabled listener. (Remove the hash sign (`#`) at the start of + each line). The relevant lines are like this: + +```yaml + - port: 8448 + type: http + tls: true + resources: + - names: [client, federation] + ``` + +- You will also need to uncomment the `tls_certificate_path` and + `tls_private_key_path` lines under the `TLS` section. You will need to manage + provisioning of these certificates yourself. + + If you are using your own certificate, be sure to use a `.pem` file that + includes the full certificate chain including any intermediate certificates + (for instance, if using certbot, use `fullchain.pem` as your certificate, not + `cert.pem`). + +For a more detailed guide to configuring your server for federation, see +[federate.md](../federate.md). + +### Client Well-Known URI + +Setting up the client Well-Known URI is optional but if you set it up, it will +allow users to enter their full username (e.g. `@user:<server_name>`) into clients +which support well-known lookup to automatically configure the homeserver and +identity server URLs. This is useful so that users don't have to memorize or think +about the actual homeserver URL you are using. + +The URL `https://<server_name>/.well-known/matrix/client` should return JSON in +the following format. + +```json +{ + "m.homeserver": { + "base_url": "https://<matrix.example.com>" + } +} +``` + +It can optionally contain identity server information as well. + +```json +{ + "m.homeserver": { + "base_url": "https://<matrix.example.com>" + }, + "m.identity_server": { + "base_url": "https://<identity.example.com>" + } +} +``` + +To work in browser based clients, the file must be served with the appropriate +Cross-Origin Resource Sharing (CORS) headers. A recommended value would be +`Access-Control-Allow-Origin: *` which would allow all browser based clients to +view it. + +In nginx this would be something like: + +```nginx +location /.well-known/matrix/client { + return 200 '{"m.homeserver": {"base_url": "https://<matrix.example.com>"}}'; + default_type application/json; + add_header Access-Control-Allow-Origin *; +} +``` + +You should also ensure the `public_baseurl` option in `homeserver.yaml` is set +correctly. `public_baseurl` should be set to the URL that clients will use to +connect to your server. This is the same URL you put for the `m.homeserver` +`base_url` above. + +```yaml +public_baseurl: "https://<matrix.example.com>" +``` + +### Email + +It is desirable for Synapse to have the capability to send email. This allows +Synapse to send password reset emails, send verifications when an email address +is added to a user's account, and send email notifications to users when they +receive new messages. + +To configure an SMTP server for Synapse, modify the configuration section +headed `email`, and be sure to have at least the `smtp_host`, `smtp_port` +and `notif_from` fields filled out. You may also need to set `smtp_user`, +`smtp_pass`, and `require_transport_security`. + +If email is not configured, password reset, registration and notifications via +email will be disabled. + +### Registering a user + +The easiest way to create a new user is to do so from a client like [Element](https://element.io/). + +Alternatively, you can do so from the command line. This can be done as follows: + + 1. If synapse was installed via pip, activate the virtualenv as follows (if Synapse was + installed via a prebuilt package, `register_new_matrix_user` should already be + on the search path): + ```sh + cd ~/synapse + source env/bin/activate + synctl start # if not already running + ``` + 2. Run the following command: + ```sh + register_new_matrix_user -c homeserver.yaml http://localhost:8008 + ``` + +This will prompt you to add details for the new user, and will then connect to +the running Synapse to create the new user. For example: +``` +New user localpart: erikj +Password: +Confirm password: +Make admin [no]: +Success! +``` + +This process uses a setting `registration_shared_secret` in +`homeserver.yaml`, which is shared between Synapse itself and the +`register_new_matrix_user` script. It doesn't matter what it is (a random +value is generated by `--generate-config`), but it should be kept secret, as +anyone with knowledge of it can register users, including admin accounts, +on your server even if `enable_registration` is `false`. + +### Setting up a TURN server + +For reliable VoIP calls to be routed via this homeserver, you MUST configure +a TURN server. See +[docs/turn-howto.md](../turn-howto.md) +for details. + +### URL previews + +Synapse includes support for previewing URLs, which is disabled by default. To +turn it on you must enable the `url_preview_enabled: True` config parameter +and explicitly specify the IP ranges that Synapse is not allowed to spider for +previewing in the `url_preview_ip_range_blacklist` configuration parameter. +This is critical from a security perspective to stop arbitrary Matrix users +spidering 'internal' URLs on your network. At the very least we recommend that +your loopback and RFC1918 IP addresses are blacklisted. + +This also requires the optional `lxml` python dependency to be installed. This +in turn requires the `libxml2` library to be available - on Debian/Ubuntu this +means `apt-get install libxml2-dev`, or equivalent for your OS. + +### Troubleshooting Installation + +`pip` seems to leak *lots* of memory during installation. For instance, a Linux +host with 512MB of RAM may run out of memory whilst installing Twisted. If this +happens, you will have to individually install the dependencies which are +failing, e.g.: + +```sh +pip install twisted +``` + +If you have any other problems, feel free to ask in +[#synapse:matrix.org](https://matrix.to/#/#synapse:matrix.org). |