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-rw-r--r--.buildkite/worker-blacklist2
-rw-r--r--CHANGES.md19
-rw-r--r--INSTALL.md108
-rw-r--r--changelog.d/6446.misc1
-rw-r--r--changelog.d/6573.bugfix1
-rw-r--r--changelog.d/6634.bugfix1
-rw-r--r--changelog.d/6639.bugfix1
-rw-r--r--changelog.d/6892.doc1
-rw-r--r--changelog.d/6899.bugfix1
-rw-r--r--changelog.d/6946.bugfix1
-rw-r--r--changelog.d/6988.doc1
-rw-r--r--changelog.d/7006.feature1
-rw-r--r--changelog.d/7009.feature1
-rw-r--r--changelog.d/7010.misc1
-rw-r--r--changelog.d/7011.misc1
-rw-r--r--changelog.d/7024.misc1
-rw-r--r--changelog.d/7040.feature1
-rw-r--r--changelog.d/7051.feature1
-rw-r--r--changelog.d/7068.bugfix1
-rw-r--r--changelog.d/7089.bugfix1
-rw-r--r--changelog.d/7096.feature1
-rw-r--r--changelog.d/7102.feature1
-rw-r--r--changelog.d/7107.doc1
-rw-r--r--changelog.d/7109.bugfix1
-rw-r--r--changelog.d/7110.misc1
-rw-r--r--changelog.d/7115.misc1
-rw-r--r--changelog.d/7116.misc1
-rw-r--r--changelog.d/7117.bugfix1
-rw-r--r--changelog.d/7118.feature1
-rw-r--r--changelog.d/7119.doc1
-rw-r--r--changelog.d/7120.misc1
-rw-r--r--changelog.d/7128.misc1
-rw-r--r--changelog.d/7133.bugfix1
-rw-r--r--changelog.d/7136.misc1
-rw-r--r--changelog.d/7137.removal1
-rw-r--r--changelog.d/7141.doc1
-rw-r--r--changelog.d/7147.doc1
-rw-r--r--changelog.d/7150.bugfix1
-rw-r--r--changelog.d/7151.bugfix1
-rw-r--r--changelog.d/7152.feature1
-rw-r--r--changelog.d/7153.feature1
-rw-r--r--changelog.d/7155.bugfix1
-rw-r--r--changelog.d/7157.misc1
-rw-r--r--changelog.d/7158.misc1
-rw-r--r--changelog.d/7159.bugfix1
-rw-r--r--changelog.d/7167.doc1
-rw-r--r--changelog.d/7171.doc1
-rw-r--r--changelog.d/7177.bugfix1
-rw-r--r--changelog.d/7178.bugfix1
-rw-r--r--changelog.d/7181.misc1
-rw-r--r--changelog.d/7183.misc1
-rw-r--r--changelog.d/7184.misc1
-rw-r--r--changelog.d/7185.misc1
-rw-r--r--changelog.d/7186.feature1
-rw-r--r--changelog.d/7187.misc1
-rw-r--r--changelog.d/7188.misc1
-rw-r--r--changelog.d/7190.misc1
-rw-r--r--changelog.d/7191.feature1
-rw-r--r--changelog.d/7192.misc1
-rw-r--r--changelog.d/7193.misc1
-rw-r--r--changelog.d/7195.misc1
-rw-r--r--changelog.d/7199.bugfix1
-rw-r--r--changelog.d/7203.bugfix1
-rw-r--r--changelog.d/7207.misc1
-rw-r--r--changelog.d/7213.misc1
-rw-r--r--changelog.d/7219.misc1
-rw-r--r--changelog.d/7226.misc1
-rw-r--r--changelog.d/7228.misc1
-rw-r--r--changelog.d/7230.feature1
-rw-r--r--changelog.d/7233.misc1
-rw-r--r--changelog.d/7234.doc1
-rw-r--r--changelog.d/7235.feature1
-rw-r--r--changelog.d/7236.misc1
-rw-r--r--changelog.d/7237.misc1
-rw-r--r--changelog.d/7238.doc1
-rw-r--r--changelog.d/7240.bugfix1
-rw-r--r--changelog.d/7241.misc1
-rw-r--r--changelog.d/7243.misc1
-rw-r--r--changelog.d/7248.doc1
-rw-r--r--changelog.d/7249.bugfix1
-rw-r--r--changelog.d/7251.doc1
-rw-r--r--changelog.d/7259.bugfix1
-rw-r--r--changelog.d/7260.bugfix1
-rw-r--r--changelog.d/7261.misc1
-rw-r--r--changelog.d/7265.feature1
-rw-r--r--changelog.d/7268.bugfix1
-rw-r--r--changelog.d/7272.doc1
-rw-r--r--changelog.d/7274.bugfix1
-rw-r--r--changelog.d/7279.feature1
-rw-r--r--changelog.d/7286.misc1
-rw-r--r--changelog.d/7290.misc1
-rw-r--r--changelog.d/7291.misc1
-rw-r--r--changelog.d/7295.misc1
-rw-r--r--changelog.d/7300.misc1
-rw-r--r--changelog.d/7319.misc1
-rw-r--r--changelog.d/7321.misc1
-rw-r--r--changelog.d/7329.misc1
-rw-r--r--contrib/systemd-with-workers/README.md152
-rw-r--r--contrib/systemd-with-workers/system/matrix-synapse-worker@.service19
-rw-r--r--contrib/systemd-with-workers/system/matrix.target7
-rw-r--r--debian/changelog6
-rw-r--r--debian/po/templates.pot13
-rw-r--r--debian/templates6
-rw-r--r--docs/admin_api/room_membership.md34
-rw-r--r--docs/dev/cas.md64
-rw-r--r--docs/dev/saml.md8
-rw-r--r--docs/log_contexts.md5
-rw-r--r--docs/password_auth_providers.md6
-rw-r--r--docs/postgres.md73
-rw-r--r--docs/reverse_proxy.md3
-rw-r--r--docs/sample_config.yaml220
-rw-r--r--docs/systemd-with-workers/README.md67
-rw-r--r--docs/systemd-with-workers/system/matrix-synapse-worker@.service20
-rw-r--r--docs/systemd-with-workers/system/matrix-synapse.service (renamed from contrib/systemd-with-workers/system/matrix-synapse.service)7
-rw-r--r--docs/systemd-with-workers/system/matrix-synapse.target6
-rw-r--r--docs/systemd-with-workers/workers/federation_reader.yaml (renamed from contrib/systemd-with-workers/workers/federation_reader.yaml)1
-rw-r--r--docs/tcp_replication.md50
-rw-r--r--docs/turn-howto.md7
-rw-r--r--docs/workers.md48
-rw-r--r--snap/snapcraft.yaml4
-rw-r--r--stubs/txredisapi.pyi40
-rw-r--r--synapse/api/constants.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/api/errors.py30
-rw-r--r--synapse/app/admin_cmd.py12
-rw-r--r--synapse/app/generic_worker.py95
-rw-r--r--synapse/app/homeserver.py22
-rw-r--r--synapse/config/_base.py26
-rw-r--r--synapse/config/captcha.py5
-rw-r--r--synapse/config/database.py160
-rw-r--r--synapse/config/homeserver.py2
-rw-r--r--synapse/config/metrics.py2
-rw-r--r--synapse/config/password.py39
-rw-r--r--synapse/config/password_auth_providers.py16
-rw-r--r--synapse/config/redis.py35
-rw-r--r--synapse/config/registration.py27
-rw-r--r--synapse/config/repository.py36
-rw-r--r--synapse/config/saml2_config.py44
-rw-r--r--synapse/config/server.py11
-rw-r--r--synapse/config/sso.py28
-rw-r--r--synapse/crypto/keyring.py4
-rw-r--r--synapse/federation/federation_base.py28
-rw-r--r--synapse/federation/federation_client.py19
-rw-r--r--synapse/federation/federation_server.py181
-rw-r--r--synapse/federation/send_queue.py2
-rw-r--r--synapse/federation/sender/__init__.py9
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/auth.py451
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/cas_handler.py221
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/device.py12
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/directory.py6
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/federation.py25
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/identity.py2
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/message.py57
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/password_policy.py93
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/presence.py4
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/profile.py16
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/register.py28
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/room.py8
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/room_list.py23
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/room_member.py3
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/saml_handler.py55
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/set_password.py15
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/sync.py6
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/typing.py11
-rw-r--r--synapse/http/matrixfederationclient.py22
-rw-r--r--synapse/http/request_metrics.py6
-rw-r--r--synapse/http/site.py13
-rw-r--r--synapse/logging/_structured.py4
-rw-r--r--synapse/logging/context.py317
-rw-r--r--synapse/logging/scopecontextmanager.py13
-rw-r--r--synapse/module_api/__init__.py28
-rw-r--r--synapse/python_dependencies.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/replication/http/__init__.py2
-rw-r--r--synapse/replication/http/streams.py78
-rw-r--r--synapse/replication/slave/storage/_base.py14
-rw-r--r--synapse/replication/slave/storage/devices.py36
-rw-r--r--synapse/replication/slave/storage/pushers.py3
-rw-r--r--synapse/replication/tcp/__init__.py30
-rw-r--r--synapse/replication/tcp/client.py180
-rw-r--r--synapse/replication/tcp/commands.py137
-rw-r--r--synapse/replication/tcp/handler.py505
-rw-r--r--synapse/replication/tcp/protocol.py415
-rw-r--r--synapse/replication/tcp/redis.py181
-rw-r--r--synapse/replication/tcp/resource.py198
-rw-r--r--synapse/replication/tcp/streams/__init__.py71
-rw-r--r--synapse/replication/tcp/streams/_base.py506
-rw-r--r--synapse/replication/tcp/streams/events.py15
-rw-r--r--synapse/replication/tcp/streams/federation.py42
-rw-r--r--synapse/res/templates/sso_account_deactivated.html10
-rw-r--r--synapse/res/templates/sso_auth_confirm.html14
-rw-r--r--synapse/res/templates/sso_auth_success.html18
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/__init__.py2
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/admin/__init__.py7
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/admin/rooms.py79
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/v1/login.py178
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/v1/room.py33
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/account.py40
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/auth.py88
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/devices.py12
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/keys.py6
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/password_policy.py58
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/register.py8
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/room_keys.py2
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/media/v1/download_resource.py3
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/media/v1/media_repository.py110
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/media/v1/preview_url_resource.py54
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/media/v1/thumbnail_resource.py54
-rw-r--r--synapse/server.py56
-rw-r--r--synapse/server.pyi9
-rw-r--r--synapse/server_notices/resource_limits_server_notices.py4
-rw-r--r--synapse/server_notices/server_notices_manager.py51
-rw-r--r--synapse/static/client/login/index.html5
-rw-r--r--synapse/static/client/login/js/jquery-2.1.3.min.js4
-rw-r--r--synapse/static/client/login/js/jquery-3.4.1.min.js2
-rw-r--r--synapse/static/client/login/js/login.js60
-rw-r--r--synapse/static/client/register/index.html3
-rw-r--r--synapse/static/client/register/js/jquery-2.1.3.min.js4
-rw-r--r--synapse/static/client/register/js/jquery-3.4.1.min.js2
-rw-r--r--synapse/static/client/register/js/register.js8
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/background_updates.py114
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/data_stores/main/__init__.py5
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/data_stores/main/cache.py44
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/data_stores/main/client_ips.py16
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/data_stores/main/deviceinbox.py88
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/data_stores/main/devices.py296
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/data_stores/main/directory.py26
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/data_stores/main/e2e_room_keys.py3
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/data_stores/main/end_to_end_keys.py14
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/data_stores/main/event_federation.py23
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/data_stores/main/events.py114
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/data_stores/main/events_worker.py120
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/data_stores/main/media_repository.py8
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/data_stores/main/presence.py23
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/data_stores/main/push_rule.py41
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/data_stores/main/room.py40
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/57/remove_sent_outbound_pokes.sql21
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/58/02remove_dup_outbound_pokes.sql22
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/data_stores/main/stream.py2
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/database.py94
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/prepare_database.py2
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/schema/delta/58/00background_update_ordering.sql19
-rw-r--r--synapse/util/caches/stream_change_cache.py3
-rw-r--r--synapse/util/metrics.py4
-rw-r--r--synapse/util/patch_inline_callbacks.py36
-rw-r--r--synapse/util/stringutils.py21
-rwxr-xr-xsynctl20
-rw-r--r--synmark/__main__.py16
-rw-r--r--synmark/suites/__init__.py10
-rw-r--r--synmark/suites/lrucache.py34
-rw-r--r--synmark/suites/lrucache_evict.py35
-rw-r--r--tests/api/test_auth.py64
-rw-r--r--tests/app/test_frontend_proxy.py4
-rw-r--r--tests/app/test_openid_listener.py4
-rw-r--r--tests/config/test_database.py22
-rw-r--r--tests/crypto/test_keyring.py7
-rw-r--r--tests/federation/test_complexity.py4
-rw-r--r--tests/federation/test_federation_sender.py401
-rw-r--r--tests/handlers/test_auth.py80
-rw-r--r--tests/handlers/test_directory.py62
-rw-r--r--tests/handlers/test_profile.py65
-rw-r--r--tests/handlers/test_register.py6
-rw-r--r--tests/http/federation/test_matrix_federation_agent.py6
-rw-r--r--tests/http/federation/test_srv_resolver.py6
-rw-r--r--tests/http/test_fedclient.py6
-rw-r--r--tests/replication/slave/storage/_base.py19
-rw-r--r--tests/replication/tcp/streams/_base.py81
-rw-r--r--tests/replication/tcp/streams/test_receipts.py53
-rw-r--r--tests/rest/admin/test_room.py288
-rw-r--r--tests/rest/client/test_power_levels.py205
-rw-r--r--tests/rest/client/test_transactions.py16
-rw-r--r--tests/rest/client/v1/test_events.py2
-rw-r--r--tests/rest/client/v1/test_login.py51
-rw-r--r--tests/rest/client/v1/utils.py96
-rw-r--r--tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_account.py302
-rw-r--r--tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_auth.py68
-rw-r--r--tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_password_policy.py179
-rw-r--r--tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_register.py4
-rw-r--r--tests/rest/key/v2/test_remote_key_resource.py4
-rw-r--r--tests/rest/media/v1/test_url_preview.py55
-rw-r--r--tests/server_notices/test_resource_limits_server_notices.py122
-rw-r--r--tests/storage/test_background_update.py24
-rw-r--r--tests/storage/test_database.py52
-rw-r--r--tests/storage/test_devices.py45
-rw-r--r--tests/test_terms_auth.py7
-rw-r--r--tests/unittest.py31
-rw-r--r--tests/util/caches/test_descriptors.py22
-rw-r--r--tests/util/test_async_utils.py15
-rw-r--r--tests/util/test_linearizer.py6
-rw-r--r--tests/util/test_logcontext.py22
-rw-r--r--tests/utils.py19
-rw-r--r--tox.ini2
290 files changed, 7453 insertions, 3148 deletions
diff --git a/.buildkite/worker-blacklist b/.buildkite/worker-blacklist
index 094b6c94da..fd98cbbaf6 100644
--- a/.buildkite/worker-blacklist
+++ b/.buildkite/worker-blacklist
@@ -5,8 +5,6 @@ Message history can be paginated
 
 Can re-join room if re-invited
 
-/upgrade creates a new room
-
 The only membership state included in an initial sync is for all the senders in the timeline
 
 Local device key changes get to remote servers
diff --git a/CHANGES.md b/CHANGES.md
index e78c8e48e7..b41a627cb8 100644
--- a/CHANGES.md
+++ b/CHANGES.md
@@ -1,3 +1,16 @@
+Next version
+============
+
+* New templates (`sso_auth_confirm.html`, `sso_auth_success.html`, and
+ `sso_account_deactivated.html`) were added to Synapse. If your Synapse is
+ configured to use SSO and a custom  `sso_redirect_confirm_template_dir`
+ configuration then these templates will need to be duplicated into that
+ directory.
+
+* Plugins using the `complete_sso_login` method of `synapse.module_api.ModuleApi`
+  should update to using the async/await version `complete_sso_login_async` which
+  includes additional checks. The non-async version is considered deprecated.
+
 Synapse 1.12.3 (2020-04-03)
 ===========================
 
@@ -7,13 +20,10 @@ correctly fix the issue with building the Debian packages. ([\#7212](https://git
 Synapse 1.12.2 (2020-04-02)
 ===========================
 
-This release works around [an
-issue](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/7208) with building the
-debian packages.
+This release works around [an issue](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/7208) with building the debian packages.
 
 No other significant changes since 1.12.1.
 
-
 Synapse 1.12.1 (2020-04-02)
 ===========================
 
@@ -30,7 +40,6 @@ Bugfixes
 - Avoid importing `sqlite3` when using the postgres backend. Contributed by David Vo. ([\#7155](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/7155)). Introduced in v1.12.0rc1.
 - Fix a bug which could cause outbound federation traffic to stop working if a client uploaded an incorrect e2e device signature. ([\#7177](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/7177)). Introduced in v1.11.0.
 
-
 Synapse 1.12.0 (2020-03-23)
 ===========================
 
diff --git a/INSTALL.md b/INSTALL.md
index c0926ba590..b8f8a67329 100644
--- a/INSTALL.md
+++ b/INSTALL.md
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 - [Installing Synapse](#installing-synapse)
   - [Installing from source](#installing-from-source)
     - [Platform-Specific Instructions](#platform-specific-instructions)
-    - [Troubleshooting Installation](#troubleshooting-installation)
   - [Prebuilt packages](#prebuilt-packages)
 - [Setting up Synapse](#setting-up-synapse)
   - [TLS certificates](#tls-certificates)
@@ -10,6 +9,7 @@
   - [Registering a user](#registering-a-user)
   - [Setting up a TURN server](#setting-up-a-turn-server)
   - [URL previews](#url-previews)
+- [Troubleshooting Installation](#troubleshooting-installation)
 
 # Choosing your server name
 
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ that your email address is probably `user@example.com` rather than
 System requirements:
 
 - POSIX-compliant system (tested on Linux & OS X)
-- Python 3.5, 3.6, 3.7 or 3.8.
+- Python 3.5.2 or later, up to Python 3.8.
 - At least 1GB of free RAM if you want to join large public rooms like #matrix:matrix.org
 
 Synapse is written in Python but some of the libraries it uses are written in
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ pip install -U matrix-synapse
 ```
 
 Before you can start Synapse, you will need to generate a configuration
-file. To do this, run (in your virtualenv, as before)::
+file. To do this, run (in your virtualenv, as before):
 
 ```
 cd ~/synapse
@@ -84,22 +84,24 @@ python -m synapse.app.homeserver \
 ... substituting an appropriate value for `--server-name`.
 
 This command will generate you a config file that you can then customise, but it will
-also generate a set of keys for you. These keys will allow your Home Server to
-identify itself to other Home Servers, so don't lose or delete them. It would be
+also generate a set of keys for you. These keys will allow your homeserver to
+identify itself to other homeserver, so don't lose or delete them. It would be
 wise to back them up somewhere safe. (If, for whatever reason, you do need to
-change your Home Server's keys, you may find that other Home Servers have the
+change your homeserver's keys, you may find that other homeserver have the
 old key cached. If you update the signing key, you should change the name of the
 key in the `<server name>.signing.key` file (the second word) to something
 different. See the
 [spec](https://matrix.org/docs/spec/server_server/latest.html#retrieving-server-keys)
-for more information on key management.)
+for more information on key management).
 
 To actually run your new homeserver, pick a working directory for Synapse to
-run (e.g. `~/synapse`), and::
+run (e.g. `~/synapse`), and:
 
-    cd ~/synapse
-    source env/bin/activate
-    synctl start
+```
+cd ~/synapse
+source env/bin/activate
+synctl start
+```
 
 ### Platform-Specific Instructions
 
@@ -110,7 +112,7 @@ Installing prerequisites on Ubuntu or Debian:
 ```
 sudo apt-get install build-essential python3-dev libffi-dev \
                      python3-pip python3-setuptools sqlite3 \
-                     libssl-dev python3-virtualenv libjpeg-dev libxslt1-dev
+                     libssl-dev virtualenv libjpeg-dev libxslt1-dev
 ```
 
 #### ArchLinux
@@ -188,7 +190,7 @@ doas pkg_add python libffi py-pip py-setuptools sqlite3 py-virtualenv \
 There is currently no port for OpenBSD. Additionally, OpenBSD's security
 settings require a slightly more difficult installation process.
 
-XXX: I suspect this is out of date.
+(XXX: I suspect this is out of date)
 
 1. Create a new directory in `/usr/local` called `_synapse`. Also, create a
    new user called `_synapse` and set that directory as the new user's home.
@@ -196,7 +198,7 @@ XXX: I suspect this is out of date.
    write and execute permissions on the same memory space to be run from
    `/usr/local`.
 2. `su` to the new `_synapse` user and change to their home directory.
-3. Create a new virtualenv: `virtualenv -p python2.7 ~/.synapse`
+3. Create a new virtualenv: `virtualenv -p python3 ~/.synapse`
 4. Source the virtualenv configuration located at
    `/usr/local/_synapse/.synapse/bin/activate`. This is done in `ksh` by
    using the `.` command, rather than `bash`'s `source`.
@@ -217,45 +219,6 @@ be found at https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/install-win10 for
 Windows 10 and https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/install-on-server
 for Windows Server.
 
-### Troubleshooting Installation
-
-XXX a bunch of this is no longer relevant.
-
-Synapse requires pip 8 or later, so if your OS provides too old a version you
-may need to manually upgrade it::
-
-    sudo pip install --upgrade pip
-
-Installing may fail with `Could not find any downloads that satisfy the requirement pymacaroons-pynacl (from matrix-synapse==0.12.0)`.
-You can fix this by manually upgrading pip and virtualenv::
-
-    sudo pip install --upgrade virtualenv
-
-You can next rerun `virtualenv -p python3 synapse` to update the virtual env.
-
-Installing may fail during installing virtualenv with `InsecurePlatformWarning: A true SSLContext object is not available. This prevents urllib3 from configuring SSL appropriately and may cause certain SSL connections to fail. For more information, see https://urllib3.readthedocs.org/en/latest/security.html#insecureplatformwarning.`
-You can fix this  by manually installing ndg-httpsclient::
-
-    pip install --upgrade ndg-httpsclient
-
-Installing may fail with `mock requires setuptools>=17.1. Aborting installation`.
-You can fix this by upgrading setuptools::
-
-    pip install --upgrade setuptools
-
-If pip crashes mid-installation for reason (e.g. lost terminal), pip may
-refuse to run until you remove the temporary installation directory it
-created. To reset the installation::
-
-    rm -rf /tmp/pip_install_matrix
-
-pip seems to leak *lots* of memory during installation.  For instance, a Linux
-host with 512MB of RAM may run out of memory whilst installing Twisted.  If this
-happens, you will have to individually install the dependencies which are
-failing, e.g.::
-
-    pip install twisted
-
 ## Prebuilt packages
 
 As an alternative to installing from source, prebuilt packages are available
@@ -314,7 +277,7 @@ For `buster` and `sid`, Synapse is available in the Debian repositories and
 it should be possible to install it with simply:
 
 ```
-    sudo apt install matrix-synapse
+sudo apt install matrix-synapse
 ```
 
 There is also a version of `matrix-synapse` in `stretch-backports`. Please see
@@ -375,15 +338,17 @@ sudo pip install py-bcrypt
 
 Synapse can be found in the void repositories as 'synapse':
 
-    xbps-install -Su
-    xbps-install -S synapse
+```
+xbps-install -Su
+xbps-install -S synapse
+```
 
 ### FreeBSD
 
 Synapse can be installed via FreeBSD Ports or Packages contributed by Brendan Molloy from:
 
  - Ports: `cd /usr/ports/net-im/py-matrix-synapse && make install clean`
- - Packages: `pkg install py27-matrix-synapse`
+ - Packages: `pkg install py37-matrix-synapse`
 
 
 ### NixOS
@@ -420,6 +385,7 @@ so, you will need to edit `homeserver.yaml`, as follows:
       resources:
         - names: [client, federation]
   ```
+
 * You will also need to uncomment the `tls_certificate_path` and
   `tls_private_key_path` lines under the `TLS` section. You can either
   point these settings at an existing certificate and key, or you can
@@ -427,15 +393,15 @@ so, you will need to edit `homeserver.yaml`, as follows:
   for having Synapse automatically provision and renew federation
   certificates through ACME can be found at [ACME.md](docs/ACME.md).
   Note that, as pointed out in that document, this feature will not
-  work with installs set up after November 2019. 
-  
+  work with installs set up after November 2019.
+
   If you are using your own certificate, be sure to use a `.pem` file that
   includes the full certificate chain including any intermediate certificates
   (for instance, if using certbot, use `fullchain.pem` as your certificate, not
   `cert.pem`).
 
 For a more detailed guide to configuring your server for federation, see
-[federate.md](docs/federate.md)
+[federate.md](docs/federate.md).
 
 
 ## Email
@@ -482,7 +448,7 @@ on your server even if `enable_registration` is `false`.
 ## Setting up a TURN server
 
 For reliable VoIP calls to be routed via this homeserver, you MUST configure
-a TURN server.  See [docs/turn-howto.md](docs/turn-howto.md) for details.
+a TURN server. See [docs/turn-howto.md](docs/turn-howto.md) for details.
 
 ## URL previews
 
@@ -491,10 +457,24 @@ turn it on you must enable the `url_preview_enabled: True` config parameter
 and explicitly specify the IP ranges that Synapse is not allowed to spider for
 previewing in the `url_preview_ip_range_blacklist` configuration parameter.
 This is critical from a security perspective to stop arbitrary Matrix users
-spidering 'internal' URLs on your network.  At the very least we recommend that
+spidering 'internal' URLs on your network. At the very least we recommend that
 your loopback and RFC1918 IP addresses are blacklisted.
 
-This also requires the optional lxml and netaddr python dependencies to be
-installed.  This in turn requires the libxml2 library to be available - on
+This also requires the optional `lxml` and `netaddr` python dependencies to be
+installed. This in turn requires the `libxml2` library to be available - on
 Debian/Ubuntu this means `apt-get install libxml2-dev`, or equivalent for
 your OS.
+
+# Troubleshooting Installation
+
+`pip` seems to leak *lots* of memory during installation. For instance, a Linux
+host with 512MB of RAM may run out of memory whilst installing Twisted. If this
+happens, you will have to individually install the dependencies which are
+failing, e.g.:
+
+```
+pip install twisted
+```
+
+If you have any other problems, feel free to ask in
+[#synapse:matrix.org](https://matrix.to/#/#synapse:matrix.org).
diff --git a/changelog.d/6446.misc b/changelog.d/6446.misc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c42df16f1a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/6446.misc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Add benchmarks for LruCache.
diff --git a/changelog.d/6573.bugfix b/changelog.d/6573.bugfix
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1bb8014db7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/6573.bugfix
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Don't attempt to use an invalid sqlite config if no database configuration is provided. Contributed by @nekatak.
diff --git a/changelog.d/6634.bugfix b/changelog.d/6634.bugfix
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ec48fdc0a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/6634.bugfix
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Fix single-sign on with CAS systems: pass the same service URL when requesting the CAS ticket and when calling the `proxyValidate` URL. Contributed by @Naugrimm.
diff --git a/changelog.d/6639.bugfix b/changelog.d/6639.bugfix
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c7593a6e84
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/6639.bugfix
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Fix missing field `default` when fetching user-defined push rules.
diff --git a/changelog.d/6892.doc b/changelog.d/6892.doc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0d04cf0bdb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/6892.doc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Update Debian installation instructions to recommend installing the `virtualenv` package instead of `python3-virtualenv`.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/changelog.d/6899.bugfix b/changelog.d/6899.bugfix
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..efa8a40b1f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/6899.bugfix
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Improve error responses when accessing remote public room lists.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/changelog.d/6946.bugfix b/changelog.d/6946.bugfix
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a238c83a18
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/6946.bugfix
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Transfer alias mappings on room upgrade.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/changelog.d/6988.doc b/changelog.d/6988.doc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b6f71bb966
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/6988.doc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Improve the documentation for database configuration.
diff --git a/changelog.d/7006.feature b/changelog.d/7006.feature
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d2ce9dbaca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7006.feature
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Extend the `web_client_location` option to accept an absolute URL to use as a redirect. Adds a warning when running the web client on the same hostname as homeserver. Contributed by Martin Milata.
diff --git a/changelog.d/7009.feature b/changelog.d/7009.feature
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cd2705d5ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7009.feature
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Set `Referrer-Policy` header to `no-referrer` on media downloads.
diff --git a/changelog.d/7010.misc b/changelog.d/7010.misc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4ba1f6cdf8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7010.misc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Change device list streams to have one row per ID.
diff --git a/changelog.d/7011.misc b/changelog.d/7011.misc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..41c3b37574
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7011.misc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Remove concept of a non-limited stream.
diff --git a/changelog.d/7024.misc b/changelog.d/7024.misc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..676f285377
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7024.misc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Move catchup of replication streams logic to worker.
diff --git a/changelog.d/7040.feature b/changelog.d/7040.feature
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ce6140fdd1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7040.feature
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Add support for running replication over Redis when using workers.
diff --git a/changelog.d/7051.feature b/changelog.d/7051.feature
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3e36a3f65e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7051.feature
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Admin API `POST /_synapse/admin/v1/join/<roomIdOrAlias>` to join users to a room like `auto_join_rooms` for creation of users.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/changelog.d/7068.bugfix b/changelog.d/7068.bugfix
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d1693a7f22
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7068.bugfix
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Ensure that a user inteactive authentication session is tied to a single request.
diff --git a/changelog.d/7089.bugfix b/changelog.d/7089.bugfix
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f1f440f23a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7089.bugfix
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Fix a bug in the federation API which could cause occasional "Failed to get PDU" errors.
diff --git a/changelog.d/7096.feature b/changelog.d/7096.feature
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..00f47b2a14
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7096.feature
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Add options to prevent users from changing their profile or associated 3PIDs.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/changelog.d/7102.feature b/changelog.d/7102.feature
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..01057aa396
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7102.feature
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Support SSO in the user interactive authentication workflow.
diff --git a/changelog.d/7107.doc b/changelog.d/7107.doc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f6da32d406
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7107.doc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Update pre-built package name for FreeBSD.
diff --git a/changelog.d/7109.bugfix b/changelog.d/7109.bugfix
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..268de9978e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7109.bugfix
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Return the proper error (M_BAD_ALIAS) when a non-existant canonical alias is provided.
diff --git a/changelog.d/7110.misc b/changelog.d/7110.misc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fac5bc0403
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7110.misc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Convert some of synapse.rest.media to async/await.
diff --git a/changelog.d/7115.misc b/changelog.d/7115.misc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7d4a011e3e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7115.misc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+De-duplicate / remove unused REST code for login and auth.
diff --git a/changelog.d/7116.misc b/changelog.d/7116.misc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..89d90bd49e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7116.misc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Convert `*StreamRow` classes to inner classes.
diff --git a/changelog.d/7117.bugfix b/changelog.d/7117.bugfix
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1896d7ad49
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7117.bugfix
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Fix a bug which meant that groups updates were not correctly replicated between workers.
diff --git a/changelog.d/7118.feature b/changelog.d/7118.feature
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5cbfd98160
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7118.feature
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Allow server admins to define and enforce a password policy (MSC2000).
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/changelog.d/7119.doc b/changelog.d/7119.doc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..05192966c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7119.doc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Update postgres docs with login troubleshooting information.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/changelog.d/7120.misc b/changelog.d/7120.misc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..731f4dcb52
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7120.misc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Clean up some LoggingContext code.
diff --git a/changelog.d/7128.misc b/changelog.d/7128.misc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5703f6d2ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7128.misc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Add explicit `instance_id` for USER_SYNC commands and remove implicit `conn_id` usage.
diff --git a/changelog.d/7133.bugfix b/changelog.d/7133.bugfix
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..61a86fd34e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7133.bugfix
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Fix starting workers when federation sending not split out.
diff --git a/changelog.d/7136.misc b/changelog.d/7136.misc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3f666d25fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7136.misc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Refactored the CAS authentication logic to a separate class.
diff --git a/changelog.d/7137.removal b/changelog.d/7137.removal
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..75266a06bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7137.removal
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Remove nonfunctional `captcha_bypass_secret` option from `homeserver.yaml`.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/changelog.d/7141.doc b/changelog.d/7141.doc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2fcbd666c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7141.doc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Clean up INSTALL.md a bit.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/changelog.d/7147.doc b/changelog.d/7147.doc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2c855ff5f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7147.doc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Add documentation for running a local CAS server for testing.
diff --git a/changelog.d/7150.bugfix b/changelog.d/7150.bugfix
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1feb294799
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7150.bugfix
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Ensure `is_verified` is a boolean in responses to `GET /_matrix/client/r0/room_keys/keys`. Also warn the user if they forgot the `version` query param.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/changelog.d/7151.bugfix b/changelog.d/7151.bugfix
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8aaa2dc659
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7151.bugfix
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Fix error page being shown when a custom SAML handler attempted to redirect when processing an auth response.
diff --git a/changelog.d/7152.feature b/changelog.d/7152.feature
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fafa79c7e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7152.feature
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Improve the support for SSO authentication on the login fallback page.
diff --git a/changelog.d/7153.feature b/changelog.d/7153.feature
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..414ebe1f69
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7153.feature
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Always whitelist the login fallback in the SSO configuration if `public_baseurl` is set.
diff --git a/changelog.d/7155.bugfix b/changelog.d/7155.bugfix
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0bf51e7aba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7155.bugfix
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Avoid importing `sqlite3` when using the postgres backend. Contributed by David Vo.
diff --git a/changelog.d/7157.misc b/changelog.d/7157.misc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0eb1128c7a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7157.misc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Add tests for outbound device pokes.
diff --git a/changelog.d/7158.misc b/changelog.d/7158.misc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..269b8daeb0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7158.misc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Fix device list update stream ids going backward.
diff --git a/changelog.d/7159.bugfix b/changelog.d/7159.bugfix
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1b341b127b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7159.bugfix
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Fix excessive CPU usage by `prune_old_outbound_device_pokes` job.
diff --git a/changelog.d/7167.doc b/changelog.d/7167.doc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a7e7ba9b51
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7167.doc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Improve README.md by being explicit about public IP recommendation for TURN relaying.
diff --git a/changelog.d/7171.doc b/changelog.d/7171.doc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..25a3bd8ac6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7171.doc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Fix a small typo in the `metrics_flags` config option.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/changelog.d/7177.bugfix b/changelog.d/7177.bugfix
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..329a96cb0b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7177.bugfix
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Fix a bug which could cause outbound federation traffic to stop working if a client uploaded an incorrect e2e device signature.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/changelog.d/7178.bugfix b/changelog.d/7178.bugfix
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..35ea645d75
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7178.bugfix
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Fix a bug which could cause incorrect 'cyclic dependency' error.
diff --git a/changelog.d/7181.misc b/changelog.d/7181.misc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..731f4dcb52
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7181.misc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Clean up some LoggingContext code.
diff --git a/changelog.d/7183.misc b/changelog.d/7183.misc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..731f4dcb52
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7183.misc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Clean up some LoggingContext code.
diff --git a/changelog.d/7184.misc b/changelog.d/7184.misc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fac5bc0403
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7184.misc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Convert some of synapse.rest.media to async/await.
diff --git a/changelog.d/7185.misc b/changelog.d/7185.misc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..deb9ca7021
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7185.misc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Move client command handling out of TCP protocol.
diff --git a/changelog.d/7186.feature b/changelog.d/7186.feature
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..01057aa396
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7186.feature
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Support SSO in the user interactive authentication workflow.
diff --git a/changelog.d/7187.misc b/changelog.d/7187.misc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..60d68ae877
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7187.misc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Move server command handling out of TCP protocol.
diff --git a/changelog.d/7188.misc b/changelog.d/7188.misc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f72955b95b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7188.misc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Fix consistency of HTTP status codes reported in log lines.
diff --git a/changelog.d/7190.misc b/changelog.d/7190.misc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..34348873f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7190.misc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Only run one background database update at a time.
diff --git a/changelog.d/7191.feature b/changelog.d/7191.feature
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..83d5685bb2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7191.feature
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Admin users are no longer required to be in a room to create an alias for it.
diff --git a/changelog.d/7192.misc b/changelog.d/7192.misc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e401e36399
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7192.misc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Remove sent outbound device list pokes from the database.
diff --git a/changelog.d/7193.misc b/changelog.d/7193.misc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..383a738e64
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7193.misc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Add a background database update job to clear out duplicate `device_lists_outbound_pokes`.
diff --git a/changelog.d/7195.misc b/changelog.d/7195.misc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..676f285377
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7195.misc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Move catchup of replication streams logic to worker.
diff --git a/changelog.d/7199.bugfix b/changelog.d/7199.bugfix
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b234163ea8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7199.bugfix
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Fix a bug that could cause a user to be invited to a server notices (aka System Alerts) room without any notice being sent.
diff --git a/changelog.d/7203.bugfix b/changelog.d/7203.bugfix
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8b383952e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7203.bugfix
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Fix some worker-mode replication handling not being correctly recorded in CPU usage stats.
diff --git a/changelog.d/7207.misc b/changelog.d/7207.misc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4f9b6a1089
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7207.misc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Remove some extraneous debugging log lines.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/changelog.d/7213.misc b/changelog.d/7213.misc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..03cbfb5f62
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7213.misc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Add explicit Python build tooling as dependencies for the snapcraft build.
diff --git a/changelog.d/7219.misc b/changelog.d/7219.misc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4af5da8646
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7219.misc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Add typing information to federation server code.
diff --git a/changelog.d/7226.misc b/changelog.d/7226.misc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..676f285377
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7226.misc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Move catchup of replication streams logic to worker.
diff --git a/changelog.d/7228.misc b/changelog.d/7228.misc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..50e206377f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7228.misc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Unblacklist '/upgrade creates a new room' sytest for workers.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/changelog.d/7230.feature b/changelog.d/7230.feature
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..aab777648f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7230.feature
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Require admin privileges to enable room encryption by default. This does not affect existing rooms.
diff --git a/changelog.d/7233.misc b/changelog.d/7233.misc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d9ad582726
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7233.misc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Remove redundant checks on `daemonize` from synctl.
diff --git a/changelog.d/7234.doc b/changelog.d/7234.doc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d284f1422b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7234.doc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Update the contributed documentation on managing synapse workers with systemd, and bring it into the core distribution.
diff --git a/changelog.d/7235.feature b/changelog.d/7235.feature
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fafa79c7e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7235.feature
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Improve the support for SSO authentication on the login fallback page.
diff --git a/changelog.d/7236.misc b/changelog.d/7236.misc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e4a2702b54
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7236.misc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Upgrade jQuery to v3.4.1 on fallback login/registration pages.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/changelog.d/7237.misc b/changelog.d/7237.misc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..92e67ea31f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7237.misc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Change log line that told user to implement onLogin/onRegister fallback js functions to a warning, instead of an info, so it's more visible.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/changelog.d/7238.doc b/changelog.d/7238.doc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0e3b4be428
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7238.doc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Add documentation to the `password_providers` config option. Add known password provider implementations to docs.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/changelog.d/7240.bugfix b/changelog.d/7240.bugfix
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..83b18d3e11
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7240.bugfix
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Do not allow a deactivated user to login via SSO.
diff --git a/changelog.d/7241.misc b/changelog.d/7241.misc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fac5bc0403
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7241.misc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Convert some of synapse.rest.media to async/await.
diff --git a/changelog.d/7243.misc b/changelog.d/7243.misc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a39c257a54
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7243.misc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Correct the parameters of a test fixture. Contributed by Isaiah Singletary.
diff --git a/changelog.d/7248.doc b/changelog.d/7248.doc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0e3b4be428
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7248.doc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Add documentation to the `password_providers` config option. Add known password provider implementations to docs.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/changelog.d/7249.bugfix b/changelog.d/7249.bugfix
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6ae700d365
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7249.bugfix
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Fix --help command-line argument.
diff --git a/changelog.d/7251.doc b/changelog.d/7251.doc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..596a28e65d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7251.doc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Modify suggested nginx reverse proxy configuration to match Synapse's default file upload size. Contributed by @ProCycleDev.
diff --git a/changelog.d/7259.bugfix b/changelog.d/7259.bugfix
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..55bb06be8c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7259.bugfix
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+ Do not allow a deactivated user to login via SSO.
diff --git a/changelog.d/7260.bugfix b/changelog.d/7260.bugfix
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9e50b56f23
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7260.bugfix
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Fix room publish permissions not being checked on room creation.
diff --git a/changelog.d/7261.misc b/changelog.d/7261.misc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..88165f0105
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7261.misc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Convert auth handler to async/await.
diff --git a/changelog.d/7265.feature b/changelog.d/7265.feature
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..345b63e0b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7265.feature
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Add a config option for specifying the value of the Accept-Language HTTP header when generating URL previews.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/changelog.d/7268.bugfix b/changelog.d/7268.bugfix
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ab280da18e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7268.bugfix
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Reject unknown session IDs during user interactive authentication instead of silently creating a new session.
diff --git a/changelog.d/7272.doc b/changelog.d/7272.doc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..13a1ee340d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7272.doc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Documentation of media_storage_providers options updated to avoid misunderstandings. Contributed by Tristan Lins.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/changelog.d/7274.bugfix b/changelog.d/7274.bugfix
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..211a38befc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7274.bugfix
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Fix a sql query introduced in Synapse 1.12.0 which could cause large amounts of logging to the postgres slow-query log.
diff --git a/changelog.d/7279.feature b/changelog.d/7279.feature
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9aed075474
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7279.feature
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+ Support SSO in the user interactive authentication workflow.
diff --git a/changelog.d/7286.misc b/changelog.d/7286.misc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..676f285377
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7286.misc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Move catchup of replication streams logic to worker.
diff --git a/changelog.d/7290.misc b/changelog.d/7290.misc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..676f285377
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7290.misc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Move catchup of replication streams logic to worker.
diff --git a/changelog.d/7291.misc b/changelog.d/7291.misc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..02e7ae3fa2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7291.misc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Improve typing annotations in `synapse.replication.tcp.streams.Stream`.
diff --git a/changelog.d/7295.misc b/changelog.d/7295.misc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..239195e75c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7295.misc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Reduce log verbosity of url cache cleanup tasks.
diff --git a/changelog.d/7300.misc b/changelog.d/7300.misc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7b3bc362b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7300.misc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Fix sample SAML Service Provider configuration. Contributed by @frcl.
diff --git a/changelog.d/7319.misc b/changelog.d/7319.misc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..62ea6b6df9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7319.misc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Fix an incorrect import in IdentityHandler.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/changelog.d/7321.misc b/changelog.d/7321.misc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a4b3e67af9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7321.misc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Reduce logging verbosity for successful federation requests.
diff --git a/changelog.d/7329.misc b/changelog.d/7329.misc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..676f285377
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7329.misc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Move catchup of replication streams logic to worker.
diff --git a/contrib/systemd-with-workers/README.md b/contrib/systemd-with-workers/README.md
index 74b261e9fb..8d21d532bd 100644
--- a/contrib/systemd-with-workers/README.md
+++ b/contrib/systemd-with-workers/README.md
@@ -1,150 +1,2 @@
-# Setup Synapse with Workers and Systemd
-
-This is a setup for managing synapse with systemd including support for
-managing workers. It provides a `matrix-synapse`, as well as a
-`matrix-synapse-worker@` service for any workers you require. Additionally to
-group the required services it sets up a `matrix.target`. You can use this to
-automatically start any bot- or bridge-services. More on this in
-[Bots and Bridges](#bots-and-bridges).
-
-See the folder [system](system) for any service and target files.
-
-The folder [workers](workers) contains an example configuration for the
-`federation_reader` worker. Pay special attention to the name of the
-configuration file. In order to work with the `matrix-synapse-worker@.service`
-service, it needs to have the exact same name as the worker app.
-
-This setup expects neither the homeserver nor any workers to fork. Forking is
-handled by systemd.
-
-## Setup
-
-1. Adjust your matrix configs. Make sure that the worker config files have the
-exact same name as the worker app. Compare `matrix-synapse-worker@.service` for
-why. You can find an example worker config in the [workers](workers) folder. See
-below for relevant settings in the `homeserver.yaml`.
-2. Copy the `*.service` and `*.target` files in [system](system) to
-`/etc/systemd/system`.
-3. `systemctl enable matrix-synapse.service` this adds the homeserver
-app to the `matrix.target`
-4. *Optional.* `systemctl enable
-matrix-synapse-worker@federation_reader.service` this adds the federation_reader
-app to the `matrix-synapse.service`
-5. *Optional.* Repeat step 4 for any additional workers you require.
-6. *Optional.* Add any bots or bridges by enabling them.
-7. Start all matrix related services via `systemctl start matrix.target`
-8. *Optional.* Enable autostart of all matrix related services on system boot
-via `systemctl enable matrix.target`
-
-## Usage
-
-After you have setup you can use the following commands to manage your synapse
-installation:
-
-```
-# Start matrix-synapse, all workers and any enabled bots or bridges.
-systemctl start matrix.target
-
-# Restart matrix-synapse and all workers (not necessarily restarting bots
-# or bridges, see "Bots and Bridges")
-systemctl restart matrix-synapse.service
-
-# Stop matrix-synapse and all workers (not necessarily restarting bots
-# or bridges, see "Bots and Bridges")
-systemctl stop matrix-synapse.service
-
-# Restart a specific worker (i. e. federation_reader), the homeserver is
-# unaffected by this.
-systemctl restart matrix-synapse-worker@federation_reader.service
-
-# Add a new worker (assuming all configs are setup already)
-systemctl enable matrix-synapse-worker@federation_writer.service
-systemctl restart matrix-synapse.service
-```
-
-## The Configs
-
-Make sure the `worker_app` is set in the `homeserver.yaml` and it does not fork.
-
-```
-worker_app: synapse.app.homeserver 
-daemonize: false
-```
-
-None of the workers should fork, as forking is handled by systemd. Hence make
-sure this is present in all worker config files.
-
-```
-worker_daemonize: false
-```
-
-The config files of all workers are expected to be located in
-`/etc/matrix-synapse/workers`. If you want to use a different location you have
-to edit the provided `*.service` files accordingly.  
-
-## Bots and Bridges
-
-Most bots and bridges do not care if the homeserver goes down or is restarted.
-Depending on the implementation this may crash them though. So look up the docs
-or ask the community of the specific bridge or bot you want to run to make sure
-you choose the correct setup.
-
-Whichever configuration you choose, after the setup the following will enable
-automatically starting (and potentially restarting) your bot/bridge with the
-`matrix.target`.
-
-```
-systemctl enable <yourBotOrBridgeName>.service
-```
-
-**Note** that from an inactive synapse the bots/bridges will only be started with
-synapse if you start the `matrix.target`, not if you start the
-`matrix-synapse.service`. This is on purpose. Think of `matrix-synapse.service`
-as *just* synapse, but `matrix.target` being anything matrix related, including
-synapse and any and all enabled bots and bridges.
-
-### Start with synapse but ignore synapse going down
-
-If the bridge can handle shutdowns of the homeserver you'll want to install the
-service in the `matrix.target` and optionally add a
-`After=matrix-synapse.service` dependency to have the bot/bridge start after
-synapse on starting everything.
-
-In this case the service file should look like this.
-
-```
-[Unit]
-# ...
-# Optional, this will only ensure that if you start everything, synapse will
-# be started before the bot/bridge will be started.
-After=matrix-synapse.service
-
-[Service]
-# ...
-
-[Install]
-WantedBy=matrix.target
-```
-
-### Stop/restart when synapse stops/restarts
-
-If the bridge can't handle shutdowns of the homeserver you'll still want to
-install the service in the `matrix.target` but also have to specify the
-`After=matrix-synapse.service` *and* `BindsTo=matrix-synapse.service`
-dependencies to have the bot/bridge stop/restart with synapse.
-
-In this case the service file should look like this.
-
-```
-[Unit]
-# ...
-# Mandatory
-After=matrix-synapse.service
-BindsTo=matrix-synapse.service
-
-[Service]
-# ...
-
-[Install]
-WantedBy=matrix.target
-```
+The documentation for using systemd to manage synapse workers is now part of
+the main synapse distribution. See [docs/systemd-with-workers](../../docs/systemd-with-workers).
diff --git a/contrib/systemd-with-workers/system/matrix-synapse-worker@.service b/contrib/systemd-with-workers/system/matrix-synapse-worker@.service
deleted file mode 100644
index 3507e2e989..0000000000
--- a/contrib/systemd-with-workers/system/matrix-synapse-worker@.service
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-[Unit]
-Description=Synapse Matrix Worker
-After=matrix-synapse.service
-BindsTo=matrix-synapse.service
-
-[Service]
-Type=notify
-NotifyAccess=main
-User=matrix-synapse
-WorkingDirectory=/var/lib/matrix-synapse
-EnvironmentFile=/etc/default/matrix-synapse
-ExecStart=/opt/venvs/matrix-synapse/bin/python -m synapse.app.%i --config-path=/etc/matrix-synapse/homeserver.yaml --config-path=/etc/matrix-synapse/conf.d/ --config-path=/etc/matrix-synapse/workers/%i.yaml
-ExecReload=/bin/kill -HUP $MAINPID
-Restart=always
-RestartSec=3
-SyslogIdentifier=matrix-synapse-%i
-
-[Install]
-WantedBy=matrix-synapse.service
diff --git a/contrib/systemd-with-workers/system/matrix.target b/contrib/systemd-with-workers/system/matrix.target
deleted file mode 100644
index aff97d03ef..0000000000
--- a/contrib/systemd-with-workers/system/matrix.target
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-[Unit]
-Description=Contains matrix services like synapse, bridges and bots
-After=network.target
-AllowIsolate=no
-
-[Install]
-WantedBy=multi-user.target
diff --git a/debian/changelog b/debian/changelog
index 642115fc5a..412e850325 100644
--- a/debian/changelog
+++ b/debian/changelog
@@ -1,3 +1,9 @@
+matrix-synapse-py3 (1.12.3ubuntu1) UNRELEASED; urgency=medium
+
+  * Add information about .well-known files to Debian installation scripts.
+
+ -- Patrick Cloke <patrickc@matrix.org>  Mon, 06 Apr 2020 10:10:38 -0400
+
 matrix-synapse-py3 (1.12.3) stable; urgency=medium
 
   [ Richard van der Hoff ]
diff --git a/debian/po/templates.pot b/debian/po/templates.pot
index 84d960761a..f0af9e70fb 100644
--- a/debian/po/templates.pot
+++ b/debian/po/templates.pot
@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
 # SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE.
 # Copyright (C) YEAR THE PACKAGE'S COPYRIGHT HOLDER
-# This file is distributed under the same license as the matrix-synapse package.
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the matrix-synapse-py3 package.
 # FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR.
 #
 #, fuzzy
 msgid ""
 msgstr ""
-"Project-Id-Version: matrix-synapse\n"
-"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: matrix-synapse@packages.debian.org\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2017-02-21 07:51+0000\n"
+"Project-Id-Version: matrix-synapse-py3\n"
+"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: matrix-synapse-py3@packages.debian.org\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2020-04-06 16:39-0400\n"
 "PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
 "Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
 "Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"
@@ -28,7 +28,10 @@ msgstr ""
 #: ../templates:1001
 msgid ""
 "The name that this homeserver will appear as, to clients and other servers "
-"via federation. This name should match the SRV record published in DNS."
+"via federation. This is normally the public hostname of the server running "
+"synapse, but can be different if you set up delegation. Please refer to the "
+"delegation documentation in this case: https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/"
+"blob/master/docs/delegate.md."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. Type: boolean
diff --git a/debian/templates b/debian/templates
index 647358731c..458fe8bbe9 100644
--- a/debian/templates
+++ b/debian/templates
@@ -2,8 +2,10 @@ Template: matrix-synapse/server-name
 Type: string
 _Description: Name of the server:
  The name that this homeserver will appear as, to clients and other
- servers via federation. This name should match the SRV record
- published in DNS.
+ servers via federation. This is normally the public hostname of the
+ server running synapse, but can be different if you set up delegation.
+ Please refer to the delegation documentation in this case:
+ https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/blob/master/docs/delegate.md.
 
 Template: matrix-synapse/report-stats
 Type: boolean
diff --git a/docs/admin_api/room_membership.md b/docs/admin_api/room_membership.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..16736d3d37
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/admin_api/room_membership.md
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+# Edit Room Membership API
+
+This API allows an administrator to join an user account with a given `user_id`
+to a room with a given `room_id_or_alias`. You can only modify the membership of
+local users. The server administrator must be in the room and have permission to
+invite users.
+
+## Parameters
+
+The following parameters are available:
+
+* `user_id` - Fully qualified user: for example, `@user:server.com`.
+* `room_id_or_alias` - The room identifier or alias to join: for example,
+  `!636q39766251:server.com`.
+
+## Usage
+
+```
+POST /_synapse/admin/v1/join/<room_id_or_alias>
+
+{
+  "user_id": "@user:server.com"
+}
+```
+
+Including an `access_token` of a server admin.
+
+Response:
+
+```
+{
+  "room_id": "!636q39766251:server.com"
+}
+```
diff --git a/docs/dev/cas.md b/docs/dev/cas.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f8d02cc82c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dev/cas.md
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+# How to test CAS as a developer without a server
+
+The [django-mama-cas](https://github.com/jbittel/django-mama-cas) project is an
+easy to run CAS implementation built on top of Django.
+
+## Prerequisites
+
+1. Create a new virtualenv: `python3 -m venv <your virtualenv>`
+2. Activate your virtualenv: `source /path/to/your/virtualenv/bin/activate`
+3. Install Django and django-mama-cas:
+   ```
+   python -m pip install "django<3" "django-mama-cas==2.4.0"
+   ```
+4. Create a Django project in the current directory:
+   ```
+   django-admin startproject cas_test .
+   ```
+5. Follow the [install directions](https://django-mama-cas.readthedocs.io/en/latest/installation.html#configuring) for django-mama-cas
+6. Setup the SQLite database: `python manage.py migrate`
+7. Create a user:
+   ```
+   python manage.py createsuperuser
+   ```
+   1. Use whatever you want as the username and password.
+   2. Leave the other fields blank.
+8. Use the built-in Django test server to serve the CAS endpoints on port 8000:
+   ```
+   python manage.py runserver
+   ```
+
+You should now have a Django project configured to serve CAS authentication with
+a single user created.
+
+## Configure Synapse (and Riot) to use CAS
+
+1. Modify your `homeserver.yaml` to enable CAS and point it to your locally
+   running Django test server:
+   ```yaml
+   cas_config:
+     enabled: true
+     server_url: "http://localhost:8000"
+     service_url: "http://localhost:8081"
+     #displayname_attribute: name
+     #required_attributes:
+     #    name: value
+   ```
+2. Restart Synapse.
+
+Note that the above configuration assumes the homeserver is running on port 8081
+and that the CAS server is on port 8000, both on localhost.
+
+## Testing the configuration
+
+Then in Riot:
+
+1. Visit the login page with a Riot pointing at your homeserver.
+2. Click the Single Sign-On button.
+3. Login using the credentials created with `createsuperuser`.
+4. You should be logged in.
+
+If you want to repeat this process you'll need to manually logout first:
+
+1. http://localhost:8000/admin/
+2. Click "logout" in the top right.
diff --git a/docs/dev/saml.md b/docs/dev/saml.md
index f41aadce47..a9bfd2dc05 100644
--- a/docs/dev/saml.md
+++ b/docs/dev/saml.md
@@ -18,9 +18,13 @@ To make Synapse (and therefore Riot) use it:
        metadata:
          local: ["samling.xml"]   
    ```
-5. Run `apt-get install xmlsec1` and `pip install --upgrade --force 'pysaml2>=4.5.0'` to ensure
+5. Ensure that your `homeserver.yaml` has a setting for `public_baseurl`:
+   ```yaml
+   public_baseurl: http://localhost:8080/
+   ```
+6. Run `apt-get install xmlsec1` and `pip install --upgrade --force 'pysaml2>=4.5.0'` to ensure
    the dependencies are installed and ready to go.
-6. Restart Synapse.
+7. Restart Synapse.
 
 Then in Riot:
 
diff --git a/docs/log_contexts.md b/docs/log_contexts.md
index 5331e8c88b..fe30ca2791 100644
--- a/docs/log_contexts.md
+++ b/docs/log_contexts.md
@@ -29,14 +29,13 @@ from synapse.logging import context         # omitted from future snippets
 def handle_request(request_id):
     request_context = context.LoggingContext()
 
-    calling_context = context.LoggingContext.current_context()
-    context.LoggingContext.set_current_context(request_context)
+    calling_context = context.set_current_context(request_context)
     try:
         request_context.request = request_id
         do_request_handling()
         logger.debug("finished")
     finally:
-        context.LoggingContext.set_current_context(calling_context)
+        context.set_current_context(calling_context)
 
 def do_request_handling():
     logger.debug("phew")  # this will be logged against request_id
diff --git a/docs/password_auth_providers.md b/docs/password_auth_providers.md
index 0db1a3804a..5d9ae67041 100644
--- a/docs/password_auth_providers.md
+++ b/docs/password_auth_providers.md
@@ -9,7 +9,11 @@ into Synapse, and provides a number of methods by which it can integrate
 with the authentication system.
 
 This document serves as a reference for those looking to implement their
-own password auth providers.
+own password auth providers. Additionally, here is a list of known
+password auth provider module implementations:
+
+* [matrix-synapse-ldap3](https://github.com/matrix-org/matrix-synapse-ldap3/)
+* [matrix-synapse-shared-secret-auth](https://github.com/devture/matrix-synapse-shared-secret-auth)
 
 ## Required methods
 
diff --git a/docs/postgres.md b/docs/postgres.md
index e0793ecee8..70fe29cdcc 100644
--- a/docs/postgres.md
+++ b/docs/postgres.md
@@ -61,7 +61,33 @@ Note that the PostgreSQL database *must* have the correct encoding set
 
 You may need to enable password authentication so `synapse_user` can
 connect to the database. See
-<https://www.postgresql.org/docs/11/auth-pg-hba-conf.html>.
+<https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/auth-pg-hba-conf.html>.
+
+If you get an error along the lines of `FATAL:  Ident authentication failed for
+user "synapse_user"`, you may need to use an authentication method other than
+`ident`:
+
+* If the `synapse_user` user has a password, add the password to the `database:`
+  section of `homeserver.yaml`. Then add the following to `pg_hba.conf`:
+
+  ```
+  host    synapse     synapse_user    ::1/128     md5  # or `scram-sha-256` instead of `md5` if you use that
+  ```
+
+* If the `synapse_user` user does not have a password, then a password doesn't
+  have to be added to `homeserver.yaml`. But the following does need to be added
+  to `pg_hba.conf`:
+
+  ```
+  host    synapse     synapse_user    ::1/128     trust
+  ```
+
+Note that line order matters in `pg_hba.conf`, so make sure that if you do add a
+new line, it is inserted before:
+
+```
+host    all         all             ::1/128     ident
+```
 
 ### Fixing incorrect `COLLATE` or `CTYPE`
 
@@ -72,8 +98,7 @@ underneath the database, or if a different version of the locale is used on any
 replicas.
 
 The safest way to fix the issue is to take a dump and recreate the database with
-the correct `COLLATE` and `CTYPE` parameters (as per
-[docs/postgres.md](docs/postgres.md)). It is also possible to change the
+the correct `COLLATE` and `CTYPE` parameters (as shown above). It is also possible to change the
 parameters on a live database and run a `REINDEX` on the entire database,
 however extreme care must be taken to avoid database corruption.
 
@@ -105,19 +130,41 @@ of free memory the database host has available.
 When you are ready to start using PostgreSQL, edit the `database`
 section in your config file to match the following lines:
 
-    database:
-        name: psycopg2
-        args:
-            user: <user>
-            password: <pass>
-            database: <db>
-            host: <host>
-            cp_min: 5
-            cp_max: 10
+```yaml
+database:
+  name: psycopg2
+  args:
+    user: <user>
+    password: <pass>
+    database: <db>
+    host: <host>
+    cp_min: 5
+    cp_max: 10
+```
 
 All key, values in `args` are passed to the `psycopg2.connect(..)`
 function, except keys beginning with `cp_`, which are consumed by the
-twisted adbapi connection pool.
+twisted adbapi connection pool. See the [libpq
+documentation](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/libpq-connect.html#LIBPQ-PARAMKEYWORDS)
+for a list of options which can be passed.
+
+You should consider tuning the `args.keepalives_*` options if there is any danger of
+the connection between your homeserver and database dropping, otherwise Synapse
+may block for an extended period while it waits for a response from the
+database server. Example values might be:
+
+```yaml
+# seconds of inactivity after which TCP should send a keepalive message to the server
+keepalives_idle: 10
+
+# the number of seconds after which a TCP keepalive message that is not
+# acknowledged by the server should be retransmitted
+keepalives_interval: 10
+
+# the number of TCP keepalives that can be lost before the client's connection
+# to the server is considered dead
+keepalives_count: 3
+```
 
 ## Porting from SQLite
 
diff --git a/docs/reverse_proxy.md b/docs/reverse_proxy.md
index af6d73927a..c7222f73b9 100644
--- a/docs/reverse_proxy.md
+++ b/docs/reverse_proxy.md
@@ -42,6 +42,9 @@ the reverse proxy and the homeserver.
             location /_matrix {
                 proxy_pass http://localhost:8008;
                 proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $remote_addr;
+                # Nginx by default only allows file uploads up to 1M in size
+                # Increase client_max_body_size to match max_upload_size defined in homeserver.yaml
+                client_max_body_size 10M;
             }
         }
 
diff --git a/docs/sample_config.yaml b/docs/sample_config.yaml
index 2ff0dd05a2..ca8accbc6e 100644
--- a/docs/sample_config.yaml
+++ b/docs/sample_config.yaml
@@ -33,10 +33,15 @@ server_name: "SERVERNAME"
 #
 pid_file: DATADIR/homeserver.pid
 
-# The path to the web client which will be served at /_matrix/client/
-# if 'webclient' is configured under the 'listeners' configuration.
+# The absolute URL to the web client which /_matrix/client will redirect
+# to if 'webclient' is configured under the 'listeners' configuration.
 #
-#web_client_location: "/path/to/web/root"
+# This option can be also set to the filesystem path to the web client
+# which will be served at /_matrix/client/ if 'webclient' is configured
+# under the 'listeners' configuration, however this is a security risk:
+# https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse#security-note
+#
+#web_client_location: https://riot.example.com/
 
 # The public-facing base URL that clients use to access this HS
 # (not including _matrix/...). This is the same URL a user would
@@ -578,13 +583,46 @@ acme:
 
 ## Database ##
 
+# The 'database' setting defines the database that synapse uses to store all of
+# its data.
+#
+# 'name' gives the database engine to use: either 'sqlite3' (for SQLite) or
+# 'psycopg2' (for PostgreSQL).
+#
+# 'args' gives options which are passed through to the database engine,
+# except for options starting 'cp_', which are used to configure the Twisted
+# connection pool. For a reference to valid arguments, see:
+#   * for sqlite: https://docs.python.org/3/library/sqlite3.html#sqlite3.connect
+#   * for postgres: https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/libpq-connect.html#LIBPQ-PARAMKEYWORDS
+#   * for the connection pool: https://twistedmatrix.com/documents/current/api/twisted.enterprise.adbapi.ConnectionPool.html#__init__
+#
+#
+# Example SQLite configuration:
+#
+#database:
+#  name: sqlite3
+#  args:
+#    database: /path/to/homeserver.db
+#
+#
+# Example Postgres configuration:
+#
+#database:
+#  name: psycopg2
+#  args:
+#    user: synapse
+#    password: secretpassword
+#    database: synapse
+#    host: localhost
+#    cp_min: 5
+#    cp_max: 10
+#
+# For more information on using Synapse with Postgres, see `docs/postgres.md`.
+#
 database:
-  # The database engine name
-  name: "sqlite3"
-  # Arguments to pass to the engine
+  name: sqlite3
   args:
-    # Path to the database
-    database: "DATADIR/homeserver.db"
+    database: DATADIR/homeserver.db
 
 # Number of events to cache in memory.
 #
@@ -697,12 +735,11 @@ media_store_path: "DATADIR/media_store"
 #
 #media_storage_providers:
 #  - module: file_system
-#    # Whether to write new local files.
+#    # Whether to store newly uploaded local files
 #    store_local: false
-#    # Whether to write new remote media
+#    # Whether to store newly downloaded remote files
 #    store_remote: false
-#    # Whether to block upload requests waiting for write to this
-#    # provider to complete
+#    # Whether to wait for successful storage for local uploads
 #    store_synchronous: false
 #    config:
 #       directory: /mnt/some/other/directory
@@ -821,6 +858,31 @@ media_store_path: "DATADIR/media_store"
 #
 #max_spider_size: 10M
 
+# A list of values for the Accept-Language HTTP header used when
+# downloading webpages during URL preview generation. This allows
+# Synapse to specify the preferred languages that URL previews should
+# be in when communicating with remote servers.
+#
+# Each value is a IETF language tag; a 2-3 letter identifier for a
+# language, optionally followed by subtags separated by '-', specifying
+# a country or region variant.
+#
+# Multiple values can be provided, and a weight can be added to each by
+# using quality value syntax (;q=). '*' translates to any language.
+#
+# Defaults to "en".
+#
+# Example:
+#
+# url_preview_accept_language:
+#   - en-UK
+#   - en-US;q=0.9
+#   - fr;q=0.8
+#   - *;q=0.7
+#
+url_preview_accept_language:
+#   - en
+
 
 ## Captcha ##
 # See docs/CAPTCHA_SETUP for full details of configuring this.
@@ -839,10 +901,6 @@ media_store_path: "DATADIR/media_store"
 #
 #enable_registration_captcha: false
 
-# A secret key used to bypass the captcha test entirely.
-#
-#captcha_bypass_secret: "YOUR_SECRET_HERE"
-
 # The API endpoint to use for verifying m.login.recaptcha responses.
 #
 #recaptcha_siteverify_api: "https://www.recaptcha.net/recaptcha/api/siteverify"
@@ -1057,6 +1115,29 @@ account_threepid_delegates:
     #email: https://example.com     # Delegate email sending to example.com
     #msisdn: http://localhost:8090  # Delegate SMS sending to this local process
 
+# Whether users are allowed to change their displayname after it has
+# been initially set. Useful when provisioning users based on the
+# contents of a third-party directory.
+#
+# Does not apply to server administrators. Defaults to 'true'
+#
+#enable_set_displayname: false
+
+# Whether users are allowed to change their avatar after it has been
+# initially set. Useful when provisioning users based on the contents
+# of a third-party directory.
+#
+# Does not apply to server administrators. Defaults to 'true'
+#
+#enable_set_avatar_url: false
+
+# Whether users can change the 3PIDs associated with their accounts
+# (email address and msisdn).
+#
+# Defaults to 'true'
+#
+#enable_3pid_changes: false
+
 # Users who register on this homeserver will automatically be joined
 # to these rooms
 #
@@ -1092,7 +1173,7 @@ account_threepid_delegates:
 # enabled by default, either for performance reasons or limited use.
 #
 metrics_flags:
-    # Publish synapse_federation_known_servers, a g auge of the number of
+    # Publish synapse_federation_known_servers, a gauge of the number of
     # servers this homeserver knows about, including itself. May cause
     # performance problems on large homeservers.
     #
@@ -1258,32 +1339,32 @@ saml2_config:
   #    remote:
   #      - url: https://our_idp/metadata.xml
   #
-  #    # By default, the user has to go to our login page first. If you'd like
-  #    # to allow IdP-initiated login, set 'allow_unsolicited: true' in a
-  #    # 'service.sp' section:
-  #    #
-  #    #service:
-  #    #  sp:
-  #    #    allow_unsolicited: true
-  #
-  #    # The examples below are just used to generate our metadata xml, and you
-  #    # may well not need them, depending on your setup. Alternatively you
-  #    # may need a whole lot more detail - see the pysaml2 docs!
-  #
-  #    description: ["My awesome SP", "en"]
-  #    name: ["Test SP", "en"]
-  #
-  #    organization:
-  #      name: Example com
-  #      display_name:
-  #        - ["Example co", "en"]
-  #      url: "http://example.com"
-  #
-  #    contact_person:
-  #      - given_name: Bob
-  #        sur_name: "the Sysadmin"
-  #        email_address": ["admin@example.com"]
-  #        contact_type": technical
+  #  # By default, the user has to go to our login page first. If you'd like
+  #  # to allow IdP-initiated login, set 'allow_unsolicited: true' in a
+  #  # 'service.sp' section:
+  #  #
+  #  #service:
+  #  #  sp:
+  #  #    allow_unsolicited: true
+  #
+  #  # The examples below are just used to generate our metadata xml, and you
+  #  # may well not need them, depending on your setup. Alternatively you
+  #  # may need a whole lot more detail - see the pysaml2 docs!
+  #
+  #  description: ["My awesome SP", "en"]
+  #  name: ["Test SP", "en"]
+  #
+  #  organization:
+  #    name: Example com
+  #    display_name:
+  #      - ["Example co", "en"]
+  #    url: "http://example.com"
+  #
+  #  contact_person:
+  #    - given_name: Bob
+  #      sur_name: "the Sysadmin"
+  #      email_address": ["admin@example.com"]
+  #      contact_type": technical
 
   # Instead of putting the config inline as above, you can specify a
   # separate pysaml2 configuration file:
@@ -1392,6 +1473,10 @@ sso:
     # phishing attacks from evil.site. To avoid this, include a slash after the
     # hostname: "https://my.client/".
     #
+    # If public_baseurl is set, then the login fallback page (used by clients
+    # that don't natively support the required login flows) is whitelisted in
+    # addition to any URLs in this list.
+    #
     # By default, this list is empty.
     #
     #client_whitelist:
@@ -1453,6 +1538,41 @@ password_config:
    #
    #pepper: "EVEN_MORE_SECRET"
 
+   # Define and enforce a password policy. Each parameter is optional.
+   # This is an implementation of MSC2000.
+   #
+   policy:
+      # Whether to enforce the password policy.
+      # Defaults to 'false'.
+      #
+      #enabled: true
+
+      # Minimum accepted length for a password.
+      # Defaults to 0.
+      #
+      #minimum_length: 15
+
+      # Whether a password must contain at least one digit.
+      # Defaults to 'false'.
+      #
+      #require_digit: true
+
+      # Whether a password must contain at least one symbol.
+      # A symbol is any character that's not a number or a letter.
+      # Defaults to 'false'.
+      #
+      #require_symbol: true
+
+      # Whether a password must contain at least one lowercase letter.
+      # Defaults to 'false'.
+      #
+      #require_lowercase: true
+
+      # Whether a password must contain at least one lowercase letter.
+      # Defaults to 'false'.
+      #
+      #require_uppercase: true
+
 
 # Configuration for sending emails from Synapse.
 #
@@ -1561,7 +1681,19 @@ email:
   #template_dir: "res/templates"
 
 
-#password_providers:
+# Password providers allow homeserver administrators to integrate
+# their Synapse installation with existing authentication methods
+# ex. LDAP, external tokens, etc.
+#
+# For more information and known implementations, please see
+# https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/blob/master/docs/password_auth_providers.md
+#
+# Note: instances wishing to use SAML or CAS authentication should
+# instead use the `saml2_config` or `cas_config` options,
+# respectively.
+#
+password_providers:
+#    # Example config for an LDAP auth provider
 #    - module: "ldap_auth_provider.LdapAuthProvider"
 #      config:
 #        enabled: true
diff --git a/docs/systemd-with-workers/README.md b/docs/systemd-with-workers/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..257c09446f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/systemd-with-workers/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+# Setting up Synapse with Workers and Systemd
+
+This is a setup for managing synapse with systemd, including support for
+managing workers. It provides a `matrix-synapse` service for the master, as
+well as a `matrix-synapse-worker@` service template for any workers you
+require. Additionally, to group the required services, it sets up a
+`matrix-synapse.target`.
+
+See the folder [system](system) for the systemd unit files.
+
+The folder [workers](workers) contains an example configuration for the
+`federation_reader` worker.
+
+## Synapse configuration files
+
+See [workers.md](../workers.md) for information on how to set up the
+configuration files and reverse-proxy correctly. You can find an example worker
+config in the [workers](workers) folder.
+
+Systemd manages daemonization itself, so ensure that none of the configuration
+files set either `daemonize` or `worker_daemonize`.
+
+The config files of all workers are expected to be located in
+`/etc/matrix-synapse/workers`. If you want to use a different location, edit
+the provided `*.service` files accordingly.
+
+There is no need for a separate configuration file for the master process.
+
+## Set up
+
+1. Adjust synapse configuration files as above.
+1. Copy the `*.service` and `*.target` files in [system](system) to
+`/etc/systemd/system`.
+1. Run `systemctl deamon-reload` to tell systemd to load the new unit files.
+1. Run `systemctl enable matrix-synapse.service`. This will configure the
+synapse master process to be started as part of the `matrix-synapse.target`
+target.
+1. For each worker process to be enabled, run `systemctl enable
+matrix-synapse-worker@<worker_name>.service`. For each `<worker_name>`, there
+should be a corresponding configuration file
+`/etc/matrix-synapse/workers/<worker_name>.yaml`.
+1. Start all the synapse processes with `systemctl start matrix-synapse.target`.
+1. Tell systemd to start synapse on boot with `systemctl enable matrix-synapse.target`/
+
+## Usage
+
+Once the services are correctly set up, you can use the following commands
+to manage your synapse installation:
+
+```sh
+# Restart Synapse master and all workers
+systemctl restart matrix-synapse.target
+
+# Stop Synapse and all workers
+systemctl stop matrix-synapse.target
+
+# Restart the master alone
+systemctl start matrix-synapse.service
+
+# Restart a specific worker (eg. federation_reader); the master is
+# unaffected by this.
+systemctl restart matrix-synapse-worker@federation_reader.service
+
+# Add a new worker (assuming all configs are set up already)
+systemctl enable matrix-synapse-worker@federation_writer.service
+systemctl restart matrix-synapse.target
+```
diff --git a/docs/systemd-with-workers/system/matrix-synapse-worker@.service b/docs/systemd-with-workers/system/matrix-synapse-worker@.service
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..70589a7a51
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/systemd-with-workers/system/matrix-synapse-worker@.service
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+[Unit]
+Description=Synapse %i
+
+# This service should be restarted when the synapse target is restarted.
+PartOf=matrix-synapse.target
+
+[Service]
+Type=notify
+NotifyAccess=main
+User=matrix-synapse
+WorkingDirectory=/var/lib/matrix-synapse
+EnvironmentFile=/etc/default/matrix-synapse
+ExecStart=/opt/venvs/matrix-synapse/bin/python -m synapse.app.generic_worker --config-path=/etc/matrix-synapse/homeserver.yaml --config-path=/etc/matrix-synapse/conf.d/ --config-path=/etc/matrix-synapse/workers/%i.yaml
+ExecReload=/bin/kill -HUP $MAINPID
+Restart=always
+RestartSec=3
+SyslogIdentifier=matrix-synapse-%i
+
+[Install]
+WantedBy=matrix-synapse.target
diff --git a/contrib/systemd-with-workers/system/matrix-synapse.service b/docs/systemd-with-workers/system/matrix-synapse.service
index 68e8991f18..c7b5ddfa49 100644
--- a/contrib/systemd-with-workers/system/matrix-synapse.service
+++ b/docs/systemd-with-workers/system/matrix-synapse.service
@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 [Unit]
-Description=Synapse Matrix Homeserver
+Description=Synapse master
+
+# This service should be restarted when the synapse target is restarted.
+PartOf=matrix-synapse.target
 
 [Service]
 Type=notify
@@ -15,4 +18,4 @@ RestartSec=3
 SyslogIdentifier=matrix-synapse
 
 [Install]
-WantedBy=matrix.target
+WantedBy=matrix-synapse.target
diff --git a/docs/systemd-with-workers/system/matrix-synapse.target b/docs/systemd-with-workers/system/matrix-synapse.target
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e0eba1b342
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/systemd-with-workers/system/matrix-synapse.target
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+[Unit]
+Description=Synapse parent target
+After=network.target
+
+[Install]
+WantedBy=multi-user.target
diff --git a/contrib/systemd-with-workers/workers/federation_reader.yaml b/docs/systemd-with-workers/workers/federation_reader.yaml
index 47c54ec0d4..5b65c7040d 100644
--- a/contrib/systemd-with-workers/workers/federation_reader.yaml
+++ b/docs/systemd-with-workers/workers/federation_reader.yaml
@@ -10,5 +10,4 @@ worker_listeners:
       resources:
           - names: [federation]
 
-worker_daemonize: false
 worker_log_config: /etc/matrix-synapse/federation-reader-log.yaml
diff --git a/docs/tcp_replication.md b/docs/tcp_replication.md
index e3a4634b14..3be8e50c4c 100644
--- a/docs/tcp_replication.md
+++ b/docs/tcp_replication.md
@@ -14,16 +14,16 @@ example flow would be (where '>' indicates master to worker and
 '<' worker to master flows):
 
     > SERVER example.com
-    < REPLICATE events 53
+    < REPLICATE
+    > POSITION events 53
     > RDATA events 54 ["$foo1:bar.com", ...]
     > RDATA events 55 ["$foo4:bar.com", ...]
 
-The example shows the server accepting a new connection and sending its
-identity with the `SERVER` command, followed by the client asking to
-subscribe to the `events` stream from the token `53`. The server then
-periodically sends `RDATA` commands which have the format
-`RDATA <stream_name> <token> <row>`, where the format of `<row>` is
-defined by the individual streams.
+The example shows the server accepting a new connection and sending its identity
+with the `SERVER` command, followed by the client server to respond with the
+position of all streams. The server then periodically sends `RDATA` commands
+which have the format `RDATA <stream_name> <token> <row>`, where the format of
+`<row>` is defined by the individual streams.
 
 Error reporting happens by either the client or server sending an ERROR
 command, and usually the connection will be closed.
@@ -32,9 +32,6 @@ Since the protocol is a simple line based, its possible to manually
 connect to the server using a tool like netcat. A few things should be
 noted when manually using the protocol:
 
--   When subscribing to a stream using `REPLICATE`, the special token
-    `NOW` can be used to get all future updates. The special stream name
-    `ALL` can be used with `NOW` to subscribe to all available streams.
 -   The federation stream is only available if federation sending has
     been disabled on the main process.
 -   The server will only time connections out that have sent a `PING`
@@ -91,9 +88,7 @@ The client:
 -   Sends a `NAME` command, allowing the server to associate a human
     friendly name with the connection. This is optional.
 -   Sends a `PING` as above
--   For each stream the client wishes to subscribe to it sends a
-    `REPLICATE` with the `stream_name` and token it wants to subscribe
-    from.
+-   Sends a `REPLICATE` to get the current position of all streams.
 -   On receipt of a `SERVER` command, checks that the server name
     matches the expected server name.
 
@@ -140,9 +135,7 @@ the wire:
     > PING 1490197665618
     < NAME synapse.app.appservice
     < PING 1490197665618
-    < REPLICATE events 1
-    < REPLICATE backfill 1
-    < REPLICATE caches 1
+    < REPLICATE
     > POSITION events 1
     > POSITION backfill 1
     > POSITION caches 1
@@ -181,9 +174,9 @@ client (C):
 
 #### POSITION (S)
 
-   The position of the stream has been updated. Sent to the client
-    after all missing updates for a stream have been sent to the client
-    and they're now up to date.
+   On receipt of a POSITION command clients should check if they have missed any
+   updates, and if so then fetch them out of band. Sent in response to a
+   REPLICATE command (but can happen at any time).
 
 #### ERROR (S, C)
 
@@ -199,24 +192,17 @@ client (C):
 
 #### REPLICATE (C)
 
-Asks the server to replicate a given stream. The syntax is:
+Asks the server for the current position of all streams.
 
-```
-    REPLICATE <stream_name> <token>
-```
+#### USER_SYNC (C)
 
-Where `<token>` may be either:
- * a numeric stream_id to stream updates since (exclusive)
- * `NOW` to stream all subsequent updates.
+   A user has started or stopped syncing
 
-The `<stream_name>` is the name of a replication stream to subscribe
-to (see [here](../synapse/replication/tcp/streams/_base.py) for a list
-of streams). It can also be `ALL` to subscribe to all known streams,
-in which case the `<token>` must be set to `NOW`.
+#### CLEAR_USER_SYNC (C)
 
-#### USER_SYNC (C)
+   The server should clear all associated user sync data from the worker.
 
-   A user has started or stopped syncing
+   This is used when a worker is shutting down.
 
 #### FEDERATION_ACK (C)
 
diff --git a/docs/turn-howto.md b/docs/turn-howto.md
index 1bd3943f54..b26e41f19e 100644
--- a/docs/turn-howto.md
+++ b/docs/turn-howto.md
@@ -11,6 +11,13 @@ TURN server.
 
 The following sections describe how to install [coturn](<https://github.com/coturn/coturn>) (which implements the TURN REST API) and integrate it with synapse.
 
+## Requirements
+
+For TURN relaying with `coturn` to work, it must be hosted on a server/endpoint with a public IP.
+
+Hosting TURN behind a NAT (even with appropriate port forwarding) is known to cause issues
+and to often not work.
+
 ## `coturn` Setup
 
 ### Initial installation
diff --git a/docs/workers.md b/docs/workers.md
index cb3b9f8e68..cc0b23197f 100644
--- a/docs/workers.md
+++ b/docs/workers.md
@@ -52,24 +52,20 @@ synapse process.)
 
 You then create a set of configs for the various worker processes.  These
 should be worker configuration files, and should be stored in a dedicated
-subdirectory, to allow synctl to manipulate them. An additional configuration
-for the master synapse process will need to be created because the process will
-not be started automatically. That configuration should look like this:
-
-    worker_app: synapse.app.homeserver
-    daemonize: true
+subdirectory, to allow synctl to manipulate them.
 
 Each worker configuration file inherits the configuration of the main homeserver
 configuration file.  You can then override configuration specific to that worker,
 e.g. the HTTP listener that it provides (if any); logging configuration; etc.
 You should minimise the number of overrides though to maintain a usable config.
 
-You must specify the type of worker application (`worker_app`). The currently
-available worker applications are listed below. You must also specify the
-replication endpoints that it's talking to on the main synapse process.
-`worker_replication_host` should specify the host of the main synapse,
-`worker_replication_port` should point to the TCP replication listener port and
-`worker_replication_http_port` should point to the HTTP replication port.
+In the config file for each worker, you must specify the type of worker
+application (`worker_app`). The currently available worker applications are
+listed below. You must also specify the replication endpoints that it's talking
+to on the main synapse process.  `worker_replication_host` should specify the
+host of the main synapse, `worker_replication_port` should point to the TCP
+replication listener port and `worker_replication_http_port` should point to
+the HTTP replication port.
 
 Currently, the `event_creator` and `federation_reader` workers require specifying
 `worker_replication_http_port`.
@@ -90,8 +86,6 @@ For instance:
          - names:
            - client
 
-    worker_daemonize: True
-    worker_pid_file: /home/matrix/synapse/synchrotron.pid
     worker_log_config: /home/matrix/synapse/config/synchrotron_log_config.yaml
 
 ...is a full configuration for a synchrotron worker instance, which will expose a
@@ -101,7 +95,31 @@ by the main synapse.
 Obviously you should configure your reverse-proxy to route the relevant
 endpoints to the worker (`localhost:8083` in the above example).
 
-Finally, to actually run your worker-based synapse, you must pass synctl the -a
+Finally, you need to start your worker processes. This can be done with either
+`synctl` or your distribution's preferred service manager such as `systemd`. We
+recommend the use of `systemd` where available: for information on setting up
+`systemd` to start synapse workers, see
+[systemd-with-workers](systemd-with-workers). To use `synctl`, see below.
+
+### Using synctl
+
+If you want to use `synctl` to manage your synapse processes, you will need to
+create an an additional configuration file for the master synapse process. That
+configuration should look like this:
+
+```yaml
+worker_app: synapse.app.homeserver
+```
+
+Additionally, each worker app must be configured with the name of a "pid file",
+to which it will write its process ID when it starts. For example, for a
+synchrotron, you might write:
+
+```yaml
+worker_pid_file: /home/matrix/synapse/synchrotron.pid
+```
+
+Finally, to actually run your worker-based synapse, you must pass synctl the `-a`
 commandline option to tell it to operate on all the worker configurations found
 in the given directory, e.g.:
 
diff --git a/snap/snapcraft.yaml b/snap/snapcraft.yaml
index 6b62b79114..9a01152c15 100644
--- a/snap/snapcraft.yaml
+++ b/snap/snapcraft.yaml
@@ -33,6 +33,10 @@ parts:
     python-version: python3
     python-packages:
       - '.[all]'
+      - pip
+      - setuptools
+      - setuptools-scm
+      - wheel
     build-packages:
       - libffi-dev
       - libturbojpeg0-dev
diff --git a/stubs/txredisapi.pyi b/stubs/txredisapi.pyi
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..763d3fb404
--- /dev/null
+++ b/stubs/txredisapi.pyi
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+"""Contains *incomplete* type hints for txredisapi.
+"""
+
+from typing import List, Optional, Union
+
+class RedisProtocol:
+    def publish(self, channel: str, message: bytes): ...
+
+class SubscriberProtocol:
+    def subscribe(self, channels: Union[str, List[str]]): ...
+
+def lazyConnection(
+    host: str = ...,
+    port: int = ...,
+    dbid: Optional[int] = ...,
+    reconnect: bool = ...,
+    charset: str = ...,
+    password: Optional[str] = ...,
+    connectTimeout: Optional[int] = ...,
+    replyTimeout: Optional[int] = ...,
+    convertNumbers: bool = ...,
+) -> RedisProtocol: ...
+
+class SubscriberFactory:
+    def buildProtocol(self, addr): ...
diff --git a/synapse/api/constants.py b/synapse/api/constants.py
index cc8577552b..fda2c2e5bb 100644
--- a/synapse/api/constants.py
+++ b/synapse/api/constants.py
@@ -61,6 +61,7 @@ class LoginType(object):
     MSISDN = "m.login.msisdn"
     RECAPTCHA = "m.login.recaptcha"
     TERMS = "m.login.terms"
+    SSO = "org.matrix.login.sso"
     DUMMY = "m.login.dummy"
 
     # Only for C/S API v1
diff --git a/synapse/api/errors.py b/synapse/api/errors.py
index 616942b057..d54dfb385d 100644
--- a/synapse/api/errors.py
+++ b/synapse/api/errors.py
@@ -64,6 +64,13 @@ class Codes(object):
     INCOMPATIBLE_ROOM_VERSION = "M_INCOMPATIBLE_ROOM_VERSION"
     WRONG_ROOM_KEYS_VERSION = "M_WRONG_ROOM_KEYS_VERSION"
     EXPIRED_ACCOUNT = "ORG_MATRIX_EXPIRED_ACCOUNT"
+    PASSWORD_TOO_SHORT = "M_PASSWORD_TOO_SHORT"
+    PASSWORD_NO_DIGIT = "M_PASSWORD_NO_DIGIT"
+    PASSWORD_NO_UPPERCASE = "M_PASSWORD_NO_UPPERCASE"
+    PASSWORD_NO_LOWERCASE = "M_PASSWORD_NO_LOWERCASE"
+    PASSWORD_NO_SYMBOL = "M_PASSWORD_NO_SYMBOL"
+    PASSWORD_IN_DICTIONARY = "M_PASSWORD_IN_DICTIONARY"
+    WEAK_PASSWORD = "M_WEAK_PASSWORD"
     INVALID_SIGNATURE = "M_INVALID_SIGNATURE"
     USER_DEACTIVATED = "M_USER_DEACTIVATED"
     BAD_ALIAS = "M_BAD_ALIAS"
@@ -79,7 +86,14 @@ class CodeMessageException(RuntimeError):
 
     def __init__(self, code, msg):
         super(CodeMessageException, self).__init__("%d: %s" % (code, msg))
-        self.code = code
+
+        # Some calls to this method pass instances of http.HTTPStatus for `code`.
+        # While HTTPStatus is a subclass of int, it has magic __str__ methods
+        # which emit `HTTPStatus.FORBIDDEN` when converted to a str, instead of `403`.
+        # This causes inconsistency in our log lines.
+        #
+        # To eliminate this behaviour, we convert them to their integer equivalents here.
+        self.code = int(code)
         self.msg = msg
 
 
@@ -439,6 +453,20 @@ class IncompatibleRoomVersionError(SynapseError):
         return cs_error(self.msg, self.errcode, room_version=self._room_version)
 
 
+class PasswordRefusedError(SynapseError):
+    """A password has been refused, either during password reset/change or registration.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        msg="This password doesn't comply with the server's policy",
+        errcode=Codes.WEAK_PASSWORD,
+    ):
+        super(PasswordRefusedError, self).__init__(
+            code=400, msg=msg, errcode=errcode,
+        )
+
+
 class RequestSendFailed(RuntimeError):
     """Sending a HTTP request over federation failed due to not being able to
     talk to the remote server for some reason.
diff --git a/synapse/app/admin_cmd.py b/synapse/app/admin_cmd.py
index 1c7c6ec0c8..a37818fe9a 100644
--- a/synapse/app/admin_cmd.py
+++ b/synapse/app/admin_cmd.py
@@ -43,7 +43,6 @@ from synapse.replication.slave.storage.push_rule import SlavedPushRuleStore
 from synapse.replication.slave.storage.receipts import SlavedReceiptsStore
 from synapse.replication.slave.storage.registration import SlavedRegistrationStore
 from synapse.replication.slave.storage.room import RoomStore
-from synapse.replication.tcp.client import ReplicationClientHandler
 from synapse.server import HomeServer
 from synapse.util.logcontext import LoggingContext
 from synapse.util.versionstring import get_version_string
@@ -79,17 +78,6 @@ class AdminCmdServer(HomeServer):
     def start_listening(self, listeners):
         pass
 
-    def build_tcp_replication(self):
-        return AdminCmdReplicationHandler(self)
-
-
-class AdminCmdReplicationHandler(ReplicationClientHandler):
-    async def on_rdata(self, stream_name, token, rows):
-        pass
-
-    def get_streams_to_replicate(self):
-        return {}
-
 
 @defer.inlineCallbacks
 def export_data_command(hs, args):
diff --git a/synapse/app/generic_worker.py b/synapse/app/generic_worker.py
index 66be6ea2ec..37afd2f810 100644
--- a/synapse/app/generic_worker.py
+++ b/synapse/app/generic_worker.py
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ from synapse.handlers.presence import PresenceHandler, get_interested_parties
 from synapse.http.server import JsonResource
 from synapse.http.servlet import RestServlet, parse_json_object_from_request
 from synapse.http.site import SynapseSite
-from synapse.logging.context import LoggingContext, run_in_background
+from synapse.logging.context import LoggingContext
 from synapse.metrics import METRICS_PREFIX, MetricsResource, RegistryProxy
 from synapse.metrics.background_process_metrics import run_as_background_process
 from synapse.replication.slave.storage._base import BaseSlavedStore, __func__
@@ -64,13 +64,25 @@ from synapse.replication.slave.storage.receipts import SlavedReceiptsStore
 from synapse.replication.slave.storage.registration import SlavedRegistrationStore
 from synapse.replication.slave.storage.room import RoomStore
 from synapse.replication.slave.storage.transactions import SlavedTransactionStore
-from synapse.replication.tcp.client import ReplicationClientHandler
-from synapse.replication.tcp.streams._base import (
+from synapse.replication.tcp.client import ReplicationDataHandler
+from synapse.replication.tcp.commands import ClearUserSyncsCommand
+from synapse.replication.tcp.streams import (
+    AccountDataStream,
     DeviceListsStream,
+    GroupServerStream,
+    PresenceStream,
+    PushersStream,
+    PushRulesStream,
     ReceiptsStream,
+    TagAccountDataStream,
     ToDeviceStream,
+    TypingStream,
+)
+from synapse.replication.tcp.streams.events import (
+    EventsStream,
+    EventsStreamEventRow,
+    EventsStreamRow,
 )
-from synapse.replication.tcp.streams.events import EventsStreamEventRow, EventsStreamRow
 from synapse.rest.admin import register_servlets_for_media_repo
 from synapse.rest.client.v1 import events
 from synapse.rest.client.v1.initial_sync import InitialSyncRestServlet
@@ -117,7 +129,6 @@ from synapse.types import ReadReceipt
 from synapse.util.async_helpers import Linearizer
 from synapse.util.httpresourcetree import create_resource_tree
 from synapse.util.manhole import manhole
-from synapse.util.stringutils import random_string
 from synapse.util.versionstring import get_version_string
 
 logger = logging.getLogger("synapse.app.generic_worker")
@@ -226,6 +237,7 @@ class GenericWorkerPresence(object):
         self.user_to_num_current_syncs = {}
         self.clock = hs.get_clock()
         self.notifier = hs.get_notifier()
+        self.instance_id = hs.get_instance_id()
 
         active_presence = self.store.take_presence_startup_info()
         self.user_to_current_state = {state.user_id: state for state in active_presence}
@@ -238,13 +250,24 @@ class GenericWorkerPresence(object):
             self.send_stop_syncing, UPDATE_SYNCING_USERS_MS
         )
 
-        self.process_id = random_string(16)
-        logger.info("Presence process_id is %r", self.process_id)
+        hs.get_reactor().addSystemEventTrigger(
+            "before",
+            "shutdown",
+            run_as_background_process,
+            "generic_presence.on_shutdown",
+            self._on_shutdown,
+        )
+
+    def _on_shutdown(self):
+        if self.hs.config.use_presence:
+            self.hs.get_tcp_replication().send_command(
+                ClearUserSyncsCommand(self.instance_id)
+            )
 
     def send_user_sync(self, user_id, is_syncing, last_sync_ms):
         if self.hs.config.use_presence:
             self.hs.get_tcp_replication().send_user_sync(
-                user_id, is_syncing, last_sync_ms
+                self.instance_id, user_id, is_syncing, last_sync_ms
             )
 
     def mark_as_coming_online(self, user_id):
@@ -394,6 +417,9 @@ class GenericWorkerTyping(object):
             self._room_serials[row.room_id] = token
             self._room_typing[row.room_id] = row.user_ids
 
+    def get_current_token(self) -> int:
+        return self._latest_room_serial
+
 
 class GenericWorkerSlavedStore(
     # FIXME(#3714): We need to add UserDirectoryStore as we write directly
@@ -583,7 +609,7 @@ class GenericWorkerServer(HomeServer):
     def remove_pusher(self, app_id, push_key, user_id):
         self.get_tcp_replication().send_remove_pusher(app_id, push_key, user_id)
 
-    def build_tcp_replication(self):
+    def build_replication_data_handler(self):
         return GenericWorkerReplicationHandler(self)
 
     def build_presence_handler(self):
@@ -593,7 +619,7 @@ class GenericWorkerServer(HomeServer):
         return GenericWorkerTyping(self)
 
 
-class GenericWorkerReplicationHandler(ReplicationClientHandler):
+class GenericWorkerReplicationHandler(ReplicationDataHandler):
     def __init__(self, hs):
         super(GenericWorkerReplicationHandler, self).__init__(hs.get_datastore())
 
@@ -615,7 +641,7 @@ class GenericWorkerReplicationHandler(ReplicationClientHandler):
         await super(GenericWorkerReplicationHandler, self).on_rdata(
             stream_name, token, rows
         )
-        run_in_background(self.process_and_notify, stream_name, token, rows)
+        await self.process_and_notify(stream_name, token, rows)
 
     def get_streams_to_replicate(self):
         args = super(GenericWorkerReplicationHandler, self).get_streams_to_replicate()
@@ -624,15 +650,14 @@ class GenericWorkerReplicationHandler(ReplicationClientHandler):
             args.update(self.send_handler.stream_positions())
         return args
 
-    def get_currently_syncing_users(self):
-        return self.presence_handler.get_currently_syncing_users()
-
     async def process_and_notify(self, stream_name, token, rows):
         try:
             if self.send_handler:
-                self.send_handler.process_replication_rows(stream_name, token, rows)
+                await self.send_handler.process_replication_rows(
+                    stream_name, token, rows
+                )
 
-            if stream_name == "events":
+            if stream_name == EventsStream.NAME:
                 # We shouldn't get multiple rows per token for events stream, so
                 # we don't need to optimise this for multiple rows.
                 for row in rows:
@@ -655,43 +680,44 @@ class GenericWorkerReplicationHandler(ReplicationClientHandler):
                     )
 
                 await self.pusher_pool.on_new_notifications(token, token)
-            elif stream_name == "push_rules":
+            elif stream_name == PushRulesStream.NAME:
                 self.notifier.on_new_event(
                     "push_rules_key", token, users=[row.user_id for row in rows]
                 )
-            elif stream_name in ("account_data", "tag_account_data"):
+            elif stream_name in (AccountDataStream.NAME, TagAccountDataStream.NAME):
                 self.notifier.on_new_event(
                     "account_data_key", token, users=[row.user_id for row in rows]
                 )
-            elif stream_name == "receipts":
+            elif stream_name == ReceiptsStream.NAME:
                 self.notifier.on_new_event(
                     "receipt_key", token, rooms=[row.room_id for row in rows]
                 )
                 await self.pusher_pool.on_new_receipts(
                     token, token, {row.room_id for row in rows}
                 )
-            elif stream_name == "typing":
+            elif stream_name == TypingStream.NAME:
                 self.typing_handler.process_replication_rows(token, rows)
                 self.notifier.on_new_event(
                     "typing_key", token, rooms=[row.room_id for row in rows]
                 )
-            elif stream_name == "to_device":
+            elif stream_name == ToDeviceStream.NAME:
                 entities = [row.entity for row in rows if row.entity.startswith("@")]
                 if entities:
                     self.notifier.on_new_event("to_device_key", token, users=entities)
-            elif stream_name == "device_lists":
+            elif stream_name == DeviceListsStream.NAME:
                 all_room_ids = set()
                 for row in rows:
-                    room_ids = await self.store.get_rooms_for_user(row.user_id)
-                    all_room_ids.update(room_ids)
+                    if row.entity.startswith("@"):
+                        room_ids = await self.store.get_rooms_for_user(row.entity)
+                        all_room_ids.update(room_ids)
                 self.notifier.on_new_event("device_list_key", token, rooms=all_room_ids)
-            elif stream_name == "presence":
+            elif stream_name == PresenceStream.NAME:
                 await self.presence_handler.process_replication_rows(token, rows)
-            elif stream_name == "receipts":
+            elif stream_name == GroupServerStream.NAME:
                 self.notifier.on_new_event(
                     "groups_key", token, users=[row.user_id for row in rows]
                 )
-            elif stream_name == "pushers":
+            elif stream_name == PushersStream.NAME:
                 for row in rows:
                     if row.deleted:
                         self.stop_pusher(row.user_id, row.app_id, row.pushkey)
@@ -761,12 +787,12 @@ class FederationSenderHandler(object):
     def stream_positions(self):
         return {"federation": self.federation_position}
 
-    def process_replication_rows(self, stream_name, token, rows):
+    async def process_replication_rows(self, stream_name, token, rows):
         # The federation stream contains things that we want to send out, e.g.
         # presence, typing, etc.
         if stream_name == "federation":
             send_queue.process_rows_for_federation(self.federation_sender, rows)
-            run_in_background(self.update_token, token)
+            await self.update_token(token)
 
         # We also need to poke the federation sender when new events happen
         elif stream_name == "events":
@@ -774,13 +800,14 @@ class FederationSenderHandler(object):
 
         # ... and when new receipts happen
         elif stream_name == ReceiptsStream.NAME:
-            run_as_background_process(
-                "process_receipts_for_federation", self._on_new_receipts, rows
-            )
+            await self._on_new_receipts(rows)
 
         # ... as well as device updates and messages
         elif stream_name == DeviceListsStream.NAME:
-            hosts = {row.destination for row in rows}
+            # The entities are either user IDs (starting with '@') whose devices
+            # have changed, or remote servers that we need to tell about
+            # changes.
+            hosts = {row.entity for row in rows if not row.entity.startswith("@")}
             for host in hosts:
                 self.federation_sender.send_device_messages(host)
 
@@ -795,7 +822,7 @@ class FederationSenderHandler(object):
     async def _on_new_receipts(self, rows):
         """
         Args:
-            rows (iterable[synapse.replication.tcp.streams.ReceiptsStreamRow]):
+            rows (Iterable[synapse.replication.tcp.streams.ReceiptsStream.ReceiptsStreamRow]):
                 new receipts to be processed
         """
         for receipt in rows:
diff --git a/synapse/app/homeserver.py b/synapse/app/homeserver.py
index f2b56a636f..cbd1ea475a 100644
--- a/synapse/app/homeserver.py
+++ b/synapse/app/homeserver.py
@@ -241,16 +241,26 @@ class SynapseHomeServer(HomeServer):
             resources[SERVER_KEY_V2_PREFIX] = KeyApiV2Resource(self)
 
         if name == "webclient":
-            webclient_path = self.get_config().web_client_location
+            webclient_loc = self.get_config().web_client_location
 
-            if webclient_path is None:
+            if webclient_loc is None:
                 logger.warning(
                     "Not enabling webclient resource, as web_client_location is unset."
                 )
+            elif webclient_loc.startswith("http://") or webclient_loc.startswith(
+                "https://"
+            ):
+                resources[WEB_CLIENT_PREFIX] = RootRedirect(webclient_loc)
             else:
+                logger.warning(
+                    "Running webclient on the same domain is not recommended: "
+                    "https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse#security-note - "
+                    "after you move webclient to different host you can set "
+                    "web_client_location to its full URL to enable redirection."
+                )
                 # GZip is disabled here due to
                 # https://twistedmatrix.com/trac/ticket/7678
-                resources[WEB_CLIENT_PREFIX] = File(webclient_path)
+                resources[WEB_CLIENT_PREFIX] = File(webclient_loc)
 
         if name == "metrics" and self.get_config().enable_metrics:
             resources[METRICS_PREFIX] = MetricsResource(RegistryProxy)
@@ -263,6 +273,12 @@ class SynapseHomeServer(HomeServer):
     def start_listening(self, listeners):
         config = self.get_config()
 
+        if config.redis_enabled:
+            # If redis is enabled we connect via the replication command handler
+            # in the same way as the workers (since we're effectively a client
+            # rather than a server).
+            self.get_tcp_replication().start_replication(self)
+
         for listener in listeners:
             if listener["type"] == "http":
                 self._listening_services.extend(self._listener_http(config, listener))
diff --git a/synapse/config/_base.py b/synapse/config/_base.py
index ba846042c4..bfa9d28999 100644
--- a/synapse/config/_base.py
+++ b/synapse/config/_base.py
@@ -294,7 +294,6 @@ class RootConfig(object):
         report_stats=None,
         open_private_ports=False,
         listeners=None,
-        database_conf=None,
         tls_certificate_path=None,
         tls_private_key_path=None,
         acme_domain=None,
@@ -367,7 +366,6 @@ class RootConfig(object):
                 report_stats=report_stats,
                 open_private_ports=open_private_ports,
                 listeners=listeners,
-                database_conf=database_conf,
                 tls_certificate_path=tls_certificate_path,
                 tls_private_key_path=tls_private_key_path,
                 acme_domain=acme_domain,
@@ -470,8 +468,8 @@ class RootConfig(object):
 
         Returns: Config object, or None if --generate-config or --generate-keys was set
         """
-        config_parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(add_help=False)
-        config_parser.add_argument(
+        parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description=description)
+        parser.add_argument(
             "-c",
             "--config-path",
             action="append",
@@ -480,7 +478,7 @@ class RootConfig(object):
             " may specify directories containing *.yaml files.",
         )
 
-        generate_group = config_parser.add_argument_group("Config generation")
+        generate_group = parser.add_argument_group("Config generation")
         generate_group.add_argument(
             "--generate-config",
             action="store_true",
@@ -528,12 +526,13 @@ class RootConfig(object):
             ),
         )
 
-        config_args, remaining_args = config_parser.parse_known_args(argv)
+        cls.invoke_all_static("add_arguments", parser)
+        config_args = parser.parse_args(argv)
 
         config_files = find_config_files(search_paths=config_args.config_path)
 
         if not config_files:
-            config_parser.error(
+            parser.error(
                 "Must supply a config file.\nA config file can be automatically"
                 ' generated using "--generate-config -H SERVER_NAME'
                 ' -c CONFIG-FILE"'
@@ -552,7 +551,7 @@ class RootConfig(object):
 
         if config_args.generate_config:
             if config_args.report_stats is None:
-                config_parser.error(
+                parser.error(
                     "Please specify either --report-stats=yes or --report-stats=no\n\n"
                     + MISSING_REPORT_STATS_SPIEL
                 )
@@ -611,15 +610,6 @@ class RootConfig(object):
                 )
                 generate_missing_configs = True
 
-        parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
-            parents=[config_parser],
-            description=description,
-            formatter_class=argparse.RawDescriptionHelpFormatter,
-        )
-
-        obj.invoke_all_static("add_arguments", parser)
-        args = parser.parse_args(remaining_args)
-
         config_dict = read_config_files(config_files)
         if generate_missing_configs:
             obj.generate_missing_files(config_dict, config_dir_path)
@@ -628,7 +618,7 @@ class RootConfig(object):
         obj.parse_config_dict(
             config_dict, config_dir_path=config_dir_path, data_dir_path=data_dir_path
         )
-        obj.invoke_all("read_arguments", args)
+        obj.invoke_all("read_arguments", config_args)
 
         return obj
 
diff --git a/synapse/config/captcha.py b/synapse/config/captcha.py
index f0171bb5b2..56c87fa296 100644
--- a/synapse/config/captcha.py
+++ b/synapse/config/captcha.py
@@ -24,7 +24,6 @@ class CaptchaConfig(Config):
         self.enable_registration_captcha = config.get(
             "enable_registration_captcha", False
         )
-        self.captcha_bypass_secret = config.get("captcha_bypass_secret")
         self.recaptcha_siteverify_api = config.get(
             "recaptcha_siteverify_api",
             "https://www.recaptcha.net/recaptcha/api/siteverify",
@@ -49,10 +48,6 @@ class CaptchaConfig(Config):
         #
         #enable_registration_captcha: false
 
-        # A secret key used to bypass the captcha test entirely.
-        #
-        #captcha_bypass_secret: "YOUR_SECRET_HERE"
-
         # The API endpoint to use for verifying m.login.recaptcha responses.
         #
         #recaptcha_siteverify_api: "https://www.recaptcha.net/recaptcha/api/siteverify"
diff --git a/synapse/config/database.py b/synapse/config/database.py
index 219b32f670..c27fef157b 100644
--- a/synapse/config/database.py
+++ b/synapse/config/database.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+# Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -14,14 +15,65 @@
 # limitations under the License.
 import logging
 import os
-from textwrap import indent
-
-import yaml
 
 from synapse.config._base import Config, ConfigError
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
+NON_SQLITE_DATABASE_PATH_WARNING = """\
+Ignoring 'database_path' setting: not using a sqlite3 database.
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+"""
+
+DEFAULT_CONFIG = """\
+## Database ##
+
+# The 'database' setting defines the database that synapse uses to store all of
+# its data.
+#
+# 'name' gives the database engine to use: either 'sqlite3' (for SQLite) or
+# 'psycopg2' (for PostgreSQL).
+#
+# 'args' gives options which are passed through to the database engine,
+# except for options starting 'cp_', which are used to configure the Twisted
+# connection pool. For a reference to valid arguments, see:
+#   * for sqlite: https://docs.python.org/3/library/sqlite3.html#sqlite3.connect
+#   * for postgres: https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/libpq-connect.html#LIBPQ-PARAMKEYWORDS
+#   * for the connection pool: https://twistedmatrix.com/documents/current/api/twisted.enterprise.adbapi.ConnectionPool.html#__init__
+#
+#
+# Example SQLite configuration:
+#
+#database:
+#  name: sqlite3
+#  args:
+#    database: /path/to/homeserver.db
+#
+#
+# Example Postgres configuration:
+#
+#database:
+#  name: psycopg2
+#  args:
+#    user: synapse
+#    password: secretpassword
+#    database: synapse
+#    host: localhost
+#    cp_min: 5
+#    cp_max: 10
+#
+# For more information on using Synapse with Postgres, see `docs/postgres.md`.
+#
+database:
+  name: sqlite3
+  args:
+    database: %(database_path)s
+
+# Number of events to cache in memory.
+#
+#event_cache_size: 10K
+"""
+
 
 class DatabaseConnectionConfig:
     """Contains the connection config for a particular database.
@@ -36,10 +88,12 @@ class DatabaseConnectionConfig:
     """
 
     def __init__(self, name: str, db_config: dict):
-        if db_config["name"] not in ("sqlite3", "psycopg2"):
-            raise ConfigError("Unsupported database type %r" % (db_config["name"],))
+        db_engine = db_config.get("name", "sqlite3")
+
+        if db_engine not in ("sqlite3", "psycopg2"):
+            raise ConfigError("Unsupported database type %r" % (db_engine,))
 
-        if db_config["name"] == "sqlite3":
+        if db_engine == "sqlite3":
             db_config.setdefault("args", {}).update(
                 {"cp_min": 1, "cp_max": 1, "check_same_thread": False}
             )
@@ -56,6 +110,11 @@ class DatabaseConnectionConfig:
 class DatabaseConfig(Config):
     section = "database"
 
+    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+
+        self.databases = []
+
     def read_config(self, config, **kwargs):
         self.event_cache_size = self.parse_size(config.get("event_cache_size", "10K"))
 
@@ -76,12 +135,13 @@ class DatabaseConfig(Config):
 
         multi_database_config = config.get("databases")
         database_config = config.get("database")
+        database_path = config.get("database_path")
 
         if multi_database_config and database_config:
             raise ConfigError("Can't specify both 'database' and 'datbases' in config")
 
         if multi_database_config:
-            if config.get("database_path"):
+            if database_path:
                 raise ConfigError("Can't specify 'database_path' with 'databases'")
 
             self.databases = [
@@ -89,65 +149,55 @@ class DatabaseConfig(Config):
                 for name, db_conf in multi_database_config.items()
             ]
 
-        else:
-            if database_config is None:
-                database_config = {"name": "sqlite3", "args": {}}
-
+        if database_config:
             self.databases = [DatabaseConnectionConfig("master", database_config)]
 
-            self.set_databasepath(config.get("database_path"))
-
-    def generate_config_section(self, data_dir_path, database_conf, **kwargs):
-        if not database_conf:
-            database_path = os.path.join(data_dir_path, "homeserver.db")
-            database_conf = (
-                """# The database engine name
-          name: "sqlite3"
-          # Arguments to pass to the engine
-          args:
-            # Path to the database
-            database: "%(database_path)s"
-            """
-                % locals()
-            )
-        else:
-            database_conf = indent(yaml.dump(database_conf), " " * 10).lstrip()
+        if database_path:
+            if self.databases and self.databases[0].name != "sqlite3":
+                logger.warning(NON_SQLITE_DATABASE_PATH_WARNING)
+                return
 
-        return (
-            """\
-        ## Database ##
+            database_config = {"name": "sqlite3", "args": {}}
+            self.databases = [DatabaseConnectionConfig("master", database_config)]
+            self.set_databasepath(database_path)
 
-        database:
-          %(database_conf)s
-        # Number of events to cache in memory.
-        #
-        #event_cache_size: 10K
-        """
-            % locals()
-        )
+    def generate_config_section(self, data_dir_path, **kwargs):
+        return DEFAULT_CONFIG % {
+            "database_path": os.path.join(data_dir_path, "homeserver.db")
+        }
 
     def read_arguments(self, args):
-        self.set_databasepath(args.database_path)
+        """
+        Cases for the cli input:
+          - If no databases are configured and no database_path is set, raise.
+          - No databases and only database_path available ==> sqlite3 db.
+          - If there are multiple databases and a database_path raise an error.
+          - If the database set in the config file is sqlite then
+            overwrite with the command line argument.
+        """
 
-    def set_databasepath(self, database_path):
-        if database_path is None:
+        if args.database_path is None:
+            if not self.databases:
+                raise ConfigError("No database config provided")
             return
 
-        if database_path != ":memory:":
-            database_path = self.abspath(database_path)
+        if len(self.databases) == 0:
+            database_config = {"name": "sqlite3", "args": {}}
+            self.databases = [DatabaseConnectionConfig("master", database_config)]
+            self.set_databasepath(args.database_path)
+            return
+
+        if self.get_single_database().name == "sqlite3":
+            self.set_databasepath(args.database_path)
+        else:
+            logger.warning(NON_SQLITE_DATABASE_PATH_WARNING)
 
-        # We only support setting a database path if we have a single sqlite3
-        # database.
-        if len(self.databases) != 1:
-            raise ConfigError("Cannot specify 'database_path' with multiple databases")
+    def set_databasepath(self, database_path):
 
-        database = self.get_single_database()
-        if database.config["name"] != "sqlite3":
-            # We don't raise here as we haven't done so before for this case.
-            logger.warn("Ignoring 'database_path' for non-sqlite3 database")
-            return
+        if database_path != ":memory:":
+            database_path = self.abspath(database_path)
 
-        database.config["args"]["database"] = database_path
+        self.databases[0].config["args"]["database"] = database_path
 
     @staticmethod
     def add_arguments(parser):
@@ -162,7 +212,7 @@ class DatabaseConfig(Config):
     def get_single_database(self) -> DatabaseConnectionConfig:
         """Returns the database if there is only one, useful for e.g. tests
         """
-        if len(self.databases) != 1:
+        if not self.databases:
             raise Exception("More than one database exists")
 
         return self.databases[0]
diff --git a/synapse/config/homeserver.py b/synapse/config/homeserver.py
index b4bca08b20..be6c6afa74 100644
--- a/synapse/config/homeserver.py
+++ b/synapse/config/homeserver.py
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ from .password import PasswordConfig
 from .password_auth_providers import PasswordAuthProviderConfig
 from .push import PushConfig
 from .ratelimiting import RatelimitConfig
+from .redis import RedisConfig
 from .registration import RegistrationConfig
 from .repository import ContentRepositoryConfig
 from .room_directory import RoomDirectoryConfig
@@ -82,4 +83,5 @@ class HomeServerConfig(RootConfig):
         RoomDirectoryConfig,
         ThirdPartyRulesConfig,
         TracerConfig,
+        RedisConfig,
     ]
diff --git a/synapse/config/metrics.py b/synapse/config/metrics.py
index 22538153e1..6f517a71d0 100644
--- a/synapse/config/metrics.py
+++ b/synapse/config/metrics.py
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ class MetricsConfig(Config):
         # enabled by default, either for performance reasons or limited use.
         #
         metrics_flags:
-            # Publish synapse_federation_known_servers, a g auge of the number of
+            # Publish synapse_federation_known_servers, a gauge of the number of
             # servers this homeserver knows about, including itself. May cause
             # performance problems on large homeservers.
             #
diff --git a/synapse/config/password.py b/synapse/config/password.py
index 2a634ac751..9c0ea8c30a 100644
--- a/synapse/config/password.py
+++ b/synapse/config/password.py
@@ -31,6 +31,10 @@ class PasswordConfig(Config):
         self.password_localdb_enabled = password_config.get("localdb_enabled", True)
         self.password_pepper = password_config.get("pepper", "")
 
+        # Password policy
+        self.password_policy = password_config.get("policy") or {}
+        self.password_policy_enabled = self.password_policy.get("enabled", False)
+
     def generate_config_section(self, config_dir_path, server_name, **kwargs):
         return """\
         password_config:
@@ -48,4 +52,39 @@ class PasswordConfig(Config):
            # DO NOT CHANGE THIS AFTER INITIAL SETUP!
            #
            #pepper: "EVEN_MORE_SECRET"
+
+           # Define and enforce a password policy. Each parameter is optional.
+           # This is an implementation of MSC2000.
+           #
+           policy:
+              # Whether to enforce the password policy.
+              # Defaults to 'false'.
+              #
+              #enabled: true
+
+              # Minimum accepted length for a password.
+              # Defaults to 0.
+              #
+              #minimum_length: 15
+
+              # Whether a password must contain at least one digit.
+              # Defaults to 'false'.
+              #
+              #require_digit: true
+
+              # Whether a password must contain at least one symbol.
+              # A symbol is any character that's not a number or a letter.
+              # Defaults to 'false'.
+              #
+              #require_symbol: true
+
+              # Whether a password must contain at least one lowercase letter.
+              # Defaults to 'false'.
+              #
+              #require_lowercase: true
+
+              # Whether a password must contain at least one lowercase letter.
+              # Defaults to 'false'.
+              #
+              #require_uppercase: true
         """
diff --git a/synapse/config/password_auth_providers.py b/synapse/config/password_auth_providers.py
index 9746bbc681..4fda8ae987 100644
--- a/synapse/config/password_auth_providers.py
+++ b/synapse/config/password_auth_providers.py
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ class PasswordAuthProviderConfig(Config):
         if ldap_config.get("enabled", False):
             providers.append({"module": LDAP_PROVIDER, "config": ldap_config})
 
-        providers.extend(config.get("password_providers", []))
+        providers.extend(config.get("password_providers") or [])
         for provider in providers:
             mod_name = provider["module"]
 
@@ -52,7 +52,19 @@ class PasswordAuthProviderConfig(Config):
 
     def generate_config_section(self, **kwargs):
         return """\
-        #password_providers:
+        # Password providers allow homeserver administrators to integrate
+        # their Synapse installation with existing authentication methods
+        # ex. LDAP, external tokens, etc.
+        #
+        # For more information and known implementations, please see
+        # https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/blob/master/docs/password_auth_providers.md
+        #
+        # Note: instances wishing to use SAML or CAS authentication should
+        # instead use the `saml2_config` or `cas_config` options,
+        # respectively.
+        #
+        password_providers:
+        #    # Example config for an LDAP auth provider
         #    - module: "ldap_auth_provider.LdapAuthProvider"
         #      config:
         #        enabled: true
diff --git a/synapse/config/redis.py b/synapse/config/redis.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..81a27619ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/config/redis.py
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+from synapse.config._base import Config
+from synapse.python_dependencies import check_requirements
+
+
+class RedisConfig(Config):
+    section = "redis"
+
+    def read_config(self, config, **kwargs):
+        redis_config = config.get("redis", {})
+        self.redis_enabled = redis_config.get("enabled", False)
+
+        if not self.redis_enabled:
+            return
+
+        check_requirements("redis")
+
+        self.redis_host = redis_config.get("host", "localhost")
+        self.redis_port = redis_config.get("port", 6379)
+        self.redis_dbid = redis_config.get("dbid")
+        self.redis_password = redis_config.get("password")
diff --git a/synapse/config/registration.py b/synapse/config/registration.py
index 9bb3beedbc..e7ea3a01cb 100644
--- a/synapse/config/registration.py
+++ b/synapse/config/registration.py
@@ -129,6 +129,10 @@ class RegistrationConfig(Config):
                 raise ConfigError("Invalid auto_join_rooms entry %s" % (room_alias,))
         self.autocreate_auto_join_rooms = config.get("autocreate_auto_join_rooms", True)
 
+        self.enable_set_displayname = config.get("enable_set_displayname", True)
+        self.enable_set_avatar_url = config.get("enable_set_avatar_url", True)
+        self.enable_3pid_changes = config.get("enable_3pid_changes", True)
+
         self.disable_msisdn_registration = config.get(
             "disable_msisdn_registration", False
         )
@@ -330,6 +334,29 @@ class RegistrationConfig(Config):
             #email: https://example.com     # Delegate email sending to example.com
             #msisdn: http://localhost:8090  # Delegate SMS sending to this local process
 
+        # Whether users are allowed to change their displayname after it has
+        # been initially set. Useful when provisioning users based on the
+        # contents of a third-party directory.
+        #
+        # Does not apply to server administrators. Defaults to 'true'
+        #
+        #enable_set_displayname: false
+
+        # Whether users are allowed to change their avatar after it has been
+        # initially set. Useful when provisioning users based on the contents
+        # of a third-party directory.
+        #
+        # Does not apply to server administrators. Defaults to 'true'
+        #
+        #enable_set_avatar_url: false
+
+        # Whether users can change the 3PIDs associated with their accounts
+        # (email address and msisdn).
+        #
+        # Defaults to 'true'
+        #
+        #enable_3pid_changes: false
+
         # Users who register on this homeserver will automatically be joined
         # to these rooms
         #
diff --git a/synapse/config/repository.py b/synapse/config/repository.py
index 7d2dd27fd0..9d2ce20220 100644
--- a/synapse/config/repository.py
+++ b/synapse/config/repository.py
@@ -192,6 +192,10 @@ class ContentRepositoryConfig(Config):
 
             self.url_preview_url_blacklist = config.get("url_preview_url_blacklist", ())
 
+            self.url_preview_accept_language = config.get(
+                "url_preview_accept_language"
+            ) or ["en"]
+
     def generate_config_section(self, data_dir_path, **kwargs):
         media_store = os.path.join(data_dir_path, "media_store")
         uploads_path = os.path.join(data_dir_path, "uploads")
@@ -220,12 +224,11 @@ class ContentRepositoryConfig(Config):
         #
         #media_storage_providers:
         #  - module: file_system
-        #    # Whether to write new local files.
+        #    # Whether to store newly uploaded local files
         #    store_local: false
-        #    # Whether to write new remote media
+        #    # Whether to store newly downloaded remote files
         #    store_remote: false
-        #    # Whether to block upload requests waiting for write to this
-        #    # provider to complete
+        #    # Whether to wait for successful storage for local uploads
         #    store_synchronous: false
         #    config:
         #       directory: /mnt/some/other/directory
@@ -329,6 +332,31 @@ class ContentRepositoryConfig(Config):
         # The largest allowed URL preview spidering size in bytes
         #
         #max_spider_size: 10M
+
+        # A list of values for the Accept-Language HTTP header used when
+        # downloading webpages during URL preview generation. This allows
+        # Synapse to specify the preferred languages that URL previews should
+        # be in when communicating with remote servers.
+        #
+        # Each value is a IETF language tag; a 2-3 letter identifier for a
+        # language, optionally followed by subtags separated by '-', specifying
+        # a country or region variant.
+        #
+        # Multiple values can be provided, and a weight can be added to each by
+        # using quality value syntax (;q=). '*' translates to any language.
+        #
+        # Defaults to "en".
+        #
+        # Example:
+        #
+        # url_preview_accept_language:
+        #   - en-UK
+        #   - en-US;q=0.9
+        #   - fr;q=0.8
+        #   - *;q=0.7
+        #
+        url_preview_accept_language:
+        #   - en
         """
             % locals()
         )
diff --git a/synapse/config/saml2_config.py b/synapse/config/saml2_config.py
index 8fe64d90f8..726a27d7b2 100644
--- a/synapse/config/saml2_config.py
+++ b/synapse/config/saml2_config.py
@@ -248,32 +248,32 @@ class SAML2Config(Config):
           #    remote:
           #      - url: https://our_idp/metadata.xml
           #
-          #    # By default, the user has to go to our login page first. If you'd like
-          #    # to allow IdP-initiated login, set 'allow_unsolicited: true' in a
-          #    # 'service.sp' section:
-          #    #
-          #    #service:
-          #    #  sp:
-          #    #    allow_unsolicited: true
+          #  # By default, the user has to go to our login page first. If you'd like
+          #  # to allow IdP-initiated login, set 'allow_unsolicited: true' in a
+          #  # 'service.sp' section:
+          #  #
+          #  #service:
+          #  #  sp:
+          #  #    allow_unsolicited: true
           #
-          #    # The examples below are just used to generate our metadata xml, and you
-          #    # may well not need them, depending on your setup. Alternatively you
-          #    # may need a whole lot more detail - see the pysaml2 docs!
+          #  # The examples below are just used to generate our metadata xml, and you
+          #  # may well not need them, depending on your setup. Alternatively you
+          #  # may need a whole lot more detail - see the pysaml2 docs!
           #
-          #    description: ["My awesome SP", "en"]
-          #    name: ["Test SP", "en"]
+          #  description: ["My awesome SP", "en"]
+          #  name: ["Test SP", "en"]
           #
-          #    organization:
-          #      name: Example com
-          #      display_name:
-          #        - ["Example co", "en"]
-          #      url: "http://example.com"
+          #  organization:
+          #    name: Example com
+          #    display_name:
+          #      - ["Example co", "en"]
+          #    url: "http://example.com"
           #
-          #    contact_person:
-          #      - given_name: Bob
-          #        sur_name: "the Sysadmin"
-          #        email_address": ["admin@example.com"]
-          #        contact_type": technical
+          #  contact_person:
+          #    - given_name: Bob
+          #      sur_name: "the Sysadmin"
+          #      email_address": ["admin@example.com"]
+          #      contact_type": technical
 
           # Instead of putting the config inline as above, you can specify a
           # separate pysaml2 configuration file:
diff --git a/synapse/config/server.py b/synapse/config/server.py
index 7525765fee..28e2a031fb 100644
--- a/synapse/config/server.py
+++ b/synapse/config/server.py
@@ -604,10 +604,15 @@ class ServerConfig(Config):
         #
         pid_file: %(pid_file)s
 
-        # The path to the web client which will be served at /_matrix/client/
-        # if 'webclient' is configured under the 'listeners' configuration.
+        # The absolute URL to the web client which /_matrix/client will redirect
+        # to if 'webclient' is configured under the 'listeners' configuration.
         #
-        #web_client_location: "/path/to/web/root"
+        # This option can be also set to the filesystem path to the web client
+        # which will be served at /_matrix/client/ if 'webclient' is configured
+        # under the 'listeners' configuration, however this is a security risk:
+        # https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse#security-note
+        #
+        #web_client_location: https://riot.example.com/
 
         # The public-facing base URL that clients use to access this HS
         # (not including _matrix/...). This is the same URL a user would
diff --git a/synapse/config/sso.py b/synapse/config/sso.py
index 95762689bc..6cd37d4324 100644
--- a/synapse/config/sso.py
+++ b/synapse/config/sso.py
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
 # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
+import os
 from typing import Any, Dict
 
 import pkg_resources
@@ -36,9 +37,32 @@ class SSOConfig(Config):
             template_dir = pkg_resources.resource_filename("synapse", "res/templates",)
 
         self.sso_redirect_confirm_template_dir = template_dir
+        self.sso_account_deactivated_template = self.read_file(
+            os.path.join(
+                self.sso_redirect_confirm_template_dir, "sso_account_deactivated.html"
+            ),
+            "sso_account_deactivated_template",
+        )
+        self.sso_auth_success_template = self.read_file(
+            os.path.join(
+                self.sso_redirect_confirm_template_dir, "sso_auth_success.html"
+            ),
+            "sso_auth_success_template",
+        )
 
         self.sso_client_whitelist = sso_config.get("client_whitelist") or []
 
+        # Attempt to also whitelist the server's login fallback, since that fallback sets
+        # the redirect URL to itself (so it can process the login token then return
+        # gracefully to the client). This would make it pointless to ask the user for
+        # confirmation, since the URL the confirmation page would be showing wouldn't be
+        # the client's.
+        # public_baseurl is an optional setting, so we only add the fallback's URL to the
+        # list if it's provided (because we can't figure out what that URL is otherwise).
+        if self.public_baseurl:
+            login_fallback_url = self.public_baseurl + "_matrix/static/client/login"
+            self.sso_client_whitelist.append(login_fallback_url)
+
     def generate_config_section(self, **kwargs):
         return """\
         # Additional settings to use with single-sign on systems such as SAML2 and CAS.
@@ -54,6 +78,10 @@ class SSOConfig(Config):
             # phishing attacks from evil.site. To avoid this, include a slash after the
             # hostname: "https://my.client/".
             #
+            # If public_baseurl is set, then the login fallback page (used by clients
+            # that don't natively support the required login flows) is whitelisted in
+            # addition to any URLs in this list.
+            #
             # By default, this list is empty.
             #
             #client_whitelist:
diff --git a/synapse/crypto/keyring.py b/synapse/crypto/keyring.py
index 983f0ead8c..a9f4025bfe 100644
--- a/synapse/crypto/keyring.py
+++ b/synapse/crypto/keyring.py
@@ -43,8 +43,8 @@ from synapse.api.errors import (
     SynapseError,
 )
 from synapse.logging.context import (
-    LoggingContext,
     PreserveLoggingContext,
+    current_context,
     make_deferred_yieldable,
     preserve_fn,
     run_in_background,
@@ -236,7 +236,7 @@ class Keyring(object):
         """
 
         try:
-            ctx = LoggingContext.current_context()
+            ctx = current_context()
 
             # map from server name to a set of outstanding request ids
             server_to_request_ids = {}
diff --git a/synapse/federation/federation_base.py b/synapse/federation/federation_base.py
index 5c991e5412..4b115aac04 100644
--- a/synapse/federation/federation_base.py
+++ b/synapse/federation/federation_base.py
@@ -25,19 +25,15 @@ from twisted.python.failure import Failure
 
 from synapse.api.constants import MAX_DEPTH, EventTypes, Membership
 from synapse.api.errors import Codes, SynapseError
-from synapse.api.room_versions import (
-    KNOWN_ROOM_VERSIONS,
-    EventFormatVersions,
-    RoomVersion,
-)
+from synapse.api.room_versions import EventFormatVersions, RoomVersion
 from synapse.crypto.event_signing import check_event_content_hash
 from synapse.crypto.keyring import Keyring
 from synapse.events import EventBase, make_event_from_dict
 from synapse.events.utils import prune_event
 from synapse.http.servlet import assert_params_in_dict
 from synapse.logging.context import (
-    LoggingContext,
     PreserveLoggingContext,
+    current_context,
     make_deferred_yieldable,
 )
 from synapse.types import JsonDict, get_domain_from_id
@@ -55,13 +51,15 @@ class FederationBase(object):
         self.store = hs.get_datastore()
         self._clock = hs.get_clock()
 
-    def _check_sigs_and_hash(self, room_version: str, pdu: EventBase) -> Deferred:
+    def _check_sigs_and_hash(
+        self, room_version: RoomVersion, pdu: EventBase
+    ) -> Deferred:
         return make_deferred_yieldable(
             self._check_sigs_and_hashes(room_version, [pdu])[0]
         )
 
     def _check_sigs_and_hashes(
-        self, room_version: str, pdus: List[EventBase]
+        self, room_version: RoomVersion, pdus: List[EventBase]
     ) -> List[Deferred]:
         """Checks that each of the received events is correctly signed by the
         sending server.
@@ -80,7 +78,7 @@ class FederationBase(object):
         """
         deferreds = _check_sigs_on_pdus(self.keyring, room_version, pdus)
 
-        ctx = LoggingContext.current_context()
+        ctx = current_context()
 
         def callback(_, pdu: EventBase):
             with PreserveLoggingContext(ctx):
@@ -146,7 +144,7 @@ class PduToCheckSig(
 
 
 def _check_sigs_on_pdus(
-    keyring: Keyring, room_version: str, pdus: Iterable[EventBase]
+    keyring: Keyring, room_version: RoomVersion, pdus: Iterable[EventBase]
 ) -> List[Deferred]:
     """Check that the given events are correctly signed
 
@@ -191,10 +189,6 @@ def _check_sigs_on_pdus(
         for p in pdus
     ]
 
-    v = KNOWN_ROOM_VERSIONS.get(room_version)
-    if not v:
-        raise RuntimeError("Unrecognized room version %s" % (room_version,))
-
     # First we check that the sender event is signed by the sender's domain
     # (except if its a 3pid invite, in which case it may be sent by any server)
     pdus_to_check_sender = [p for p in pdus_to_check if not _is_invite_via_3pid(p.pdu)]
@@ -204,7 +198,7 @@ def _check_sigs_on_pdus(
             (
                 p.sender_domain,
                 p.redacted_pdu_json,
-                p.pdu.origin_server_ts if v.enforce_key_validity else 0,
+                p.pdu.origin_server_ts if room_version.enforce_key_validity else 0,
                 p.pdu.event_id,
             )
             for p in pdus_to_check_sender
@@ -227,7 +221,7 @@ def _check_sigs_on_pdus(
     # event id's domain (normally only the case for joins/leaves), and add additional
     # checks. Only do this if the room version has a concept of event ID domain
     # (ie, the room version uses old-style non-hash event IDs).
-    if v.event_format == EventFormatVersions.V1:
+    if room_version.event_format == EventFormatVersions.V1:
         pdus_to_check_event_id = [
             p
             for p in pdus_to_check
@@ -239,7 +233,7 @@ def _check_sigs_on_pdus(
                 (
                     get_domain_from_id(p.pdu.event_id),
                     p.redacted_pdu_json,
-                    p.pdu.origin_server_ts if v.enforce_key_validity else 0,
+                    p.pdu.origin_server_ts if room_version.enforce_key_validity else 0,
                     p.pdu.event_id,
                 )
                 for p in pdus_to_check_event_id
diff --git a/synapse/federation/federation_client.py b/synapse/federation/federation_client.py
index 8c6b839478..a0071fec94 100644
--- a/synapse/federation/federation_client.py
+++ b/synapse/federation/federation_client.py
@@ -220,8 +220,7 @@ class FederationClient(FederationBase):
         # FIXME: We should handle signature failures more gracefully.
         pdus[:] = await make_deferred_yieldable(
             defer.gatherResults(
-                self._check_sigs_and_hashes(room_version.identifier, pdus),
-                consumeErrors=True,
+                self._check_sigs_and_hashes(room_version, pdus), consumeErrors=True,
             ).addErrback(unwrapFirstError)
         )
 
@@ -291,9 +290,7 @@ class FederationClient(FederationBase):
                     pdu = pdu_list[0]
 
                     # Check signatures are correct.
-                    signed_pdu = await self._check_sigs_and_hash(
-                        room_version.identifier, pdu
-                    )
+                    signed_pdu = await self._check_sigs_and_hash(room_version, pdu)
 
                     break
 
@@ -350,7 +347,7 @@ class FederationClient(FederationBase):
         self,
         origin: str,
         pdus: List[EventBase],
-        room_version: str,
+        room_version: RoomVersion,
         outlier: bool = False,
         include_none: bool = False,
     ) -> List[EventBase]:
@@ -396,7 +393,7 @@ class FederationClient(FederationBase):
                         self.get_pdu(
                             destinations=[pdu.origin],
                             event_id=pdu.event_id,
-                            room_version=room_version,  # type: ignore
+                            room_version=room_version,
                             outlier=outlier,
                             timeout=10000,
                         )
@@ -434,7 +431,7 @@ class FederationClient(FederationBase):
         ]
 
         signed_auth = await self._check_sigs_and_hash_and_fetch(
-            destination, auth_chain, outlier=True, room_version=room_version.identifier
+            destination, auth_chain, outlier=True, room_version=room_version
         )
 
         signed_auth.sort(key=lambda e: e.depth)
@@ -661,7 +658,7 @@ class FederationClient(FederationBase):
                 destination,
                 list(pdus.values()),
                 outlier=True,
-                room_version=room_version.identifier,
+                room_version=room_version,
             )
 
             valid_pdus_map = {p.event_id: p for p in valid_pdus}
@@ -756,7 +753,7 @@ class FederationClient(FederationBase):
         pdu = event_from_pdu_json(pdu_dict, room_version)
 
         # Check signatures are correct.
-        pdu = await self._check_sigs_and_hash(room_version.identifier, pdu)
+        pdu = await self._check_sigs_and_hash(room_version, pdu)
 
         # FIXME: We should handle signature failures more gracefully.
 
@@ -948,7 +945,7 @@ class FederationClient(FederationBase):
             ]
 
             signed_events = await self._check_sigs_and_hash_and_fetch(
-                destination, events, outlier=False, room_version=room_version.identifier
+                destination, events, outlier=False, room_version=room_version
             )
         except HttpResponseException as e:
             if not e.code == 400:
diff --git a/synapse/federation/federation_server.py b/synapse/federation/federation_server.py
index 275b9c99d7..32a8a2ee46 100644
--- a/synapse/federation/federation_server.py
+++ b/synapse/federation/federation_server.py
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 import logging
-from typing import Dict
+from typing import Any, Callable, Dict, List, Match, Optional, Tuple, Union
 
 import six
 from six import iteritems
@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ from synapse.api.errors import (
     UnsupportedRoomVersionError,
 )
 from synapse.api.room_versions import KNOWN_ROOM_VERSIONS
+from synapse.events import EventBase
 from synapse.federation.federation_base import FederationBase, event_from_pdu_json
 from synapse.federation.persistence import TransactionActions
 from synapse.federation.units import Edu, Transaction
@@ -94,7 +95,9 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
         # come in waves.
         self._state_resp_cache = ResponseCache(hs, "state_resp", timeout_ms=30000)
 
-    async def on_backfill_request(self, origin, room_id, versions, limit):
+    async def on_backfill_request(
+        self, origin: str, room_id: str, versions: List[str], limit: int
+    ) -> Tuple[int, Dict[str, Any]]:
         with (await self._server_linearizer.queue((origin, room_id))):
             origin_host, _ = parse_server_name(origin)
             await self.check_server_matches_acl(origin_host, room_id)
@@ -107,23 +110,25 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
 
         return 200, res
 
-    async def on_incoming_transaction(self, origin, transaction_data):
+    async def on_incoming_transaction(
+        self, origin: str, transaction_data: JsonDict
+    ) -> Tuple[int, Dict[str, Any]]:
         # keep this as early as possible to make the calculated origin ts as
         # accurate as possible.
         request_time = self._clock.time_msec()
 
         transaction = Transaction(**transaction_data)
 
-        if not transaction.transaction_id:
+        if not transaction.transaction_id:  # type: ignore
             raise Exception("Transaction missing transaction_id")
 
-        logger.debug("[%s] Got transaction", transaction.transaction_id)
+        logger.debug("[%s] Got transaction", transaction.transaction_id)  # type: ignore
 
         # use a linearizer to ensure that we don't process the same transaction
         # multiple times in parallel.
         with (
             await self._transaction_linearizer.queue(
-                (origin, transaction.transaction_id)
+                (origin, transaction.transaction_id)  # type: ignore
             )
         ):
             result = await self._handle_incoming_transaction(
@@ -132,31 +137,33 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
 
         return result
 
-    async def _handle_incoming_transaction(self, origin, transaction, request_time):
+    async def _handle_incoming_transaction(
+        self, origin: str, transaction: Transaction, request_time: int
+    ) -> Tuple[int, Dict[str, Any]]:
         """ Process an incoming transaction and return the HTTP response
 
         Args:
-            origin (unicode): the server making the request
-            transaction (Transaction): incoming transaction
-            request_time (int): timestamp that the HTTP request arrived at
+            origin: the server making the request
+            transaction: incoming transaction
+            request_time: timestamp that the HTTP request arrived at
 
         Returns:
-            Deferred[(int, object)]: http response code and body
+            HTTP response code and body
         """
         response = await self.transaction_actions.have_responded(origin, transaction)
 
         if response:
             logger.debug(
                 "[%s] We've already responded to this request",
-                transaction.transaction_id,
+                transaction.transaction_id,  # type: ignore
             )
             return response
 
-        logger.debug("[%s] Transaction is new", transaction.transaction_id)
+        logger.debug("[%s] Transaction is new", transaction.transaction_id)  # type: ignore
 
         # Reject if PDU count > 50 or EDU count > 100
-        if len(transaction.pdus) > 50 or (
-            hasattr(transaction, "edus") and len(transaction.edus) > 100
+        if len(transaction.pdus) > 50 or (  # type: ignore
+            hasattr(transaction, "edus") and len(transaction.edus) > 100  # type: ignore
         ):
 
             logger.info("Transaction PDU or EDU count too large. Returning 400")
@@ -204,13 +211,13 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
             report back to the sending server.
         """
 
-        received_pdus_counter.inc(len(transaction.pdus))
+        received_pdus_counter.inc(len(transaction.pdus))  # type: ignore
 
         origin_host, _ = parse_server_name(origin)
 
-        pdus_by_room = {}
+        pdus_by_room = {}  # type: Dict[str, List[EventBase]]
 
-        for p in transaction.pdus:
+        for p in transaction.pdus:  # type: ignore
             if "unsigned" in p:
                 unsigned = p["unsigned"]
                 if "age" in unsigned:
@@ -254,7 +261,7 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
         # require callouts to other servers to fetch missing events), but
         # impose a limit to avoid going too crazy with ram/cpu.
 
-        async def process_pdus_for_room(room_id):
+        async def process_pdus_for_room(room_id: str):
             logger.debug("Processing PDUs for %s", room_id)
             try:
                 await self.check_server_matches_acl(origin_host, room_id)
@@ -310,7 +317,9 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
             TRANSACTION_CONCURRENCY_LIMIT,
         )
 
-    async def on_context_state_request(self, origin, room_id, event_id):
+    async def on_context_state_request(
+        self, origin: str, room_id: str, event_id: str
+    ) -> Tuple[int, Dict[str, Any]]:
         origin_host, _ = parse_server_name(origin)
         await self.check_server_matches_acl(origin_host, room_id)
 
@@ -338,7 +347,9 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
 
         return 200, resp
 
-    async def on_state_ids_request(self, origin, room_id, event_id):
+    async def on_state_ids_request(
+        self, origin: str, room_id: str, event_id: str
+    ) -> Tuple[int, Dict[str, Any]]:
         if not event_id:
             raise NotImplementedError("Specify an event")
 
@@ -354,7 +365,9 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
 
         return 200, {"pdu_ids": state_ids, "auth_chain_ids": auth_chain_ids}
 
-    async def _on_context_state_request_compute(self, room_id, event_id):
+    async def _on_context_state_request_compute(
+        self, room_id: str, event_id: str
+    ) -> Dict[str, list]:
         if event_id:
             pdus = await self.handler.get_state_for_pdu(room_id, event_id)
         else:
@@ -367,7 +380,9 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
             "auth_chain": [pdu.get_pdu_json() for pdu in auth_chain],
         }
 
-    async def on_pdu_request(self, origin, event_id):
+    async def on_pdu_request(
+        self, origin: str, event_id: str
+    ) -> Tuple[int, Union[JsonDict, str]]:
         pdu = await self.handler.get_persisted_pdu(origin, event_id)
 
         if pdu:
@@ -375,12 +390,16 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
         else:
             return 404, ""
 
-    async def on_query_request(self, query_type, args):
+    async def on_query_request(
+        self, query_type: str, args: Dict[str, str]
+    ) -> Tuple[int, Dict[str, Any]]:
         received_queries_counter.labels(query_type).inc()
         resp = await self.registry.on_query(query_type, args)
         return 200, resp
 
-    async def on_make_join_request(self, origin, room_id, user_id, supported_versions):
+    async def on_make_join_request(
+        self, origin: str, room_id: str, user_id: str, supported_versions: List[str]
+    ) -> Dict[str, Any]:
         origin_host, _ = parse_server_name(origin)
         await self.check_server_matches_acl(origin_host, room_id)
 
@@ -397,7 +416,7 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
 
     async def on_invite_request(
         self, origin: str, content: JsonDict, room_version_id: str
-    ):
+    ) -> Dict[str, Any]:
         room_version = KNOWN_ROOM_VERSIONS.get(room_version_id)
         if not room_version:
             raise SynapseError(
@@ -409,12 +428,14 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
         pdu = event_from_pdu_json(content, room_version)
         origin_host, _ = parse_server_name(origin)
         await self.check_server_matches_acl(origin_host, pdu.room_id)
-        pdu = await self._check_sigs_and_hash(room_version.identifier, pdu)
+        pdu = await self._check_sigs_and_hash(room_version, pdu)
         ret_pdu = await self.handler.on_invite_request(origin, pdu, room_version)
         time_now = self._clock.time_msec()
         return {"event": ret_pdu.get_pdu_json(time_now)}
 
-    async def on_send_join_request(self, origin, content, room_id):
+    async def on_send_join_request(
+        self, origin: str, content: JsonDict, room_id: str
+    ) -> Dict[str, Any]:
         logger.debug("on_send_join_request: content: %s", content)
 
         room_version = await self.store.get_room_version(room_id)
@@ -425,7 +446,7 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
 
         logger.debug("on_send_join_request: pdu sigs: %s", pdu.signatures)
 
-        pdu = await self._check_sigs_and_hash(room_version.identifier, pdu)
+        pdu = await self._check_sigs_and_hash(room_version, pdu)
 
         res_pdus = await self.handler.on_send_join_request(origin, pdu)
         time_now = self._clock.time_msec()
@@ -434,7 +455,9 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
             "auth_chain": [p.get_pdu_json(time_now) for p in res_pdus["auth_chain"]],
         }
 
-    async def on_make_leave_request(self, origin, room_id, user_id):
+    async def on_make_leave_request(
+        self, origin: str, room_id: str, user_id: str
+    ) -> Dict[str, Any]:
         origin_host, _ = parse_server_name(origin)
         await self.check_server_matches_acl(origin_host, room_id)
         pdu = await self.handler.on_make_leave_request(origin, room_id, user_id)
@@ -444,7 +467,9 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
         time_now = self._clock.time_msec()
         return {"event": pdu.get_pdu_json(time_now), "room_version": room_version}
 
-    async def on_send_leave_request(self, origin, content, room_id):
+    async def on_send_leave_request(
+        self, origin: str, content: JsonDict, room_id: str
+    ) -> dict:
         logger.debug("on_send_leave_request: content: %s", content)
 
         room_version = await self.store.get_room_version(room_id)
@@ -455,12 +480,14 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
 
         logger.debug("on_send_leave_request: pdu sigs: %s", pdu.signatures)
 
-        pdu = await self._check_sigs_and_hash(room_version.identifier, pdu)
+        pdu = await self._check_sigs_and_hash(room_version, pdu)
 
         await self.handler.on_send_leave_request(origin, pdu)
         return {}
 
-    async def on_event_auth(self, origin, room_id, event_id):
+    async def on_event_auth(
+        self, origin: str, room_id: str, event_id: str
+    ) -> Tuple[int, Dict[str, Any]]:
         with (await self._server_linearizer.queue((origin, room_id))):
             origin_host, _ = parse_server_name(origin)
             await self.check_server_matches_acl(origin_host, room_id)
@@ -471,15 +498,21 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
         return 200, res
 
     @log_function
-    def on_query_client_keys(self, origin, content):
-        return self.on_query_request("client_keys", content)
-
-    async def on_query_user_devices(self, origin: str, user_id: str):
+    async def on_query_client_keys(
+        self, origin: str, content: Dict[str, str]
+    ) -> Tuple[int, Dict[str, Any]]:
+        return await self.on_query_request("client_keys", content)
+
+    async def on_query_user_devices(
+        self, origin: str, user_id: str
+    ) -> Tuple[int, Dict[str, Any]]:
         keys = await self.device_handler.on_federation_query_user_devices(user_id)
         return 200, keys
 
     @trace
-    async def on_claim_client_keys(self, origin, content):
+    async def on_claim_client_keys(
+        self, origin: str, content: JsonDict
+    ) -> Dict[str, Any]:
         query = []
         for user_id, device_keys in content.get("one_time_keys", {}).items():
             for device_id, algorithm in device_keys.items():
@@ -488,7 +521,7 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
         log_kv({"message": "Claiming one time keys.", "user, device pairs": query})
         results = await self.store.claim_e2e_one_time_keys(query)
 
-        json_result = {}
+        json_result = {}  # type: Dict[str, Dict[str, dict]]
         for user_id, device_keys in results.items():
             for device_id, keys in device_keys.items():
                 for key_id, json_bytes in keys.items():
@@ -511,8 +544,13 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
         return {"one_time_keys": json_result}
 
     async def on_get_missing_events(
-        self, origin, room_id, earliest_events, latest_events, limit
-    ):
+        self,
+        origin: str,
+        room_id: str,
+        earliest_events: List[str],
+        latest_events: List[str],
+        limit: int,
+    ) -> Dict[str, list]:
         with (await self._server_linearizer.queue((origin, room_id))):
             origin_host, _ = parse_server_name(origin)
             await self.check_server_matches_acl(origin_host, room_id)
@@ -541,11 +579,11 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
         return {"events": [ev.get_pdu_json(time_now) for ev in missing_events]}
 
     @log_function
-    def on_openid_userinfo(self, token):
+    async def on_openid_userinfo(self, token: str) -> Optional[str]:
         ts_now_ms = self._clock.time_msec()
-        return self.store.get_user_id_for_open_id_token(token, ts_now_ms)
+        return await self.store.get_user_id_for_open_id_token(token, ts_now_ms)
 
-    def _transaction_from_pdus(self, pdu_list):
+    def _transaction_from_pdus(self, pdu_list: List[EventBase]) -> Transaction:
         """Returns a new Transaction containing the given PDUs suitable for
         transmission.
         """
@@ -558,7 +596,7 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
             destination=None,
         )
 
-    async def _handle_received_pdu(self, origin, pdu):
+    async def _handle_received_pdu(self, origin: str, pdu: EventBase) -> None:
         """ Process a PDU received in a federation /send/ transaction.
 
         If the event is invalid, then this method throws a FederationError.
@@ -579,10 +617,8 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
         until we try to backfill across the discontinuity.
 
         Args:
-            origin (str): server which sent the pdu
-            pdu (FrozenEvent): received pdu
-
-        Returns (Deferred): completes with None
+            origin: server which sent the pdu
+            pdu: received pdu
 
         Raises: FederationError if the signatures / hash do not match, or
             if the event was unacceptable for any other reason (eg, too large,
@@ -611,7 +647,7 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
                 logger.info("Accepting join PDU %s from %s", pdu.event_id, origin)
 
         # We've already checked that we know the room version by this point
-        room_version = await self.store.get_room_version_id(pdu.room_id)
+        room_version = await self.store.get_room_version(pdu.room_id)
 
         # Check signature.
         try:
@@ -625,25 +661,27 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
         return "<ReplicationLayer(%s)>" % self.server_name
 
     async def exchange_third_party_invite(
-        self, sender_user_id, target_user_id, room_id, signed
+        self, sender_user_id: str, target_user_id: str, room_id: str, signed: Dict
     ):
         ret = await self.handler.exchange_third_party_invite(
             sender_user_id, target_user_id, room_id, signed
         )
         return ret
 
-    async def on_exchange_third_party_invite_request(self, room_id, event_dict):
+    async def on_exchange_third_party_invite_request(
+        self, room_id: str, event_dict: Dict
+    ):
         ret = await self.handler.on_exchange_third_party_invite_request(
             room_id, event_dict
         )
         return ret
 
-    async def check_server_matches_acl(self, server_name, room_id):
+    async def check_server_matches_acl(self, server_name: str, room_id: str):
         """Check if the given server is allowed by the server ACLs in the room
 
         Args:
-            server_name (str): name of server, *without any port part*
-            room_id (str): ID of the room to check
+            server_name: name of server, *without any port part*
+            room_id: ID of the room to check
 
         Raises:
             AuthError if the server does not match the ACL
@@ -661,15 +699,15 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
         raise AuthError(code=403, msg="Server is banned from room")
 
 
-def server_matches_acl_event(server_name, acl_event):
+def server_matches_acl_event(server_name: str, acl_event: EventBase) -> bool:
     """Check if the given server is allowed by the ACL event
 
     Args:
-        server_name (str): name of server, without any port part
-        acl_event (EventBase): m.room.server_acl event
+        server_name: name of server, without any port part
+        acl_event: m.room.server_acl event
 
     Returns:
-        bool: True if this server is allowed by the ACLs
+        True if this server is allowed by the ACLs
     """
     logger.debug("Checking %s against acl %s", server_name, acl_event.content)
 
@@ -713,7 +751,7 @@ def server_matches_acl_event(server_name, acl_event):
     return False
 
 
-def _acl_entry_matches(server_name, acl_entry):
+def _acl_entry_matches(server_name: str, acl_entry: str) -> Match:
     if not isinstance(acl_entry, six.string_types):
         logger.warning(
             "Ignoring non-str ACL entry '%s' (is %s)", acl_entry, type(acl_entry)
@@ -732,13 +770,13 @@ class FederationHandlerRegistry(object):
         self.edu_handlers = {}
         self.query_handlers = {}
 
-    def register_edu_handler(self, edu_type, handler):
+    def register_edu_handler(self, edu_type: str, handler: Callable[[str, dict], None]):
         """Sets the handler callable that will be used to handle an incoming
         federation EDU of the given type.
 
         Args:
-            edu_type (str): The type of the incoming EDU to register handler for
-            handler (Callable[[str, dict]]): A callable invoked on incoming EDU
+            edu_type: The type of the incoming EDU to register handler for
+            handler: A callable invoked on incoming EDU
                 of the given type. The arguments are the origin server name and
                 the EDU contents.
         """
@@ -749,14 +787,16 @@ class FederationHandlerRegistry(object):
 
         self.edu_handlers[edu_type] = handler
 
-    def register_query_handler(self, query_type, handler):
+    def register_query_handler(
+        self, query_type: str, handler: Callable[[dict], defer.Deferred]
+    ):
         """Sets the handler callable that will be used to handle an incoming
         federation query of the given type.
 
         Args:
-            query_type (str): Category name of the query, which should match
+            query_type: Category name of the query, which should match
                 the string used by make_query.
-            handler (Callable[[dict], Deferred[dict]]): Invoked to handle
+            handler: Invoked to handle
                 incoming queries of this type. The return will be yielded
                 on and the result used as the response to the query request.
         """
@@ -767,10 +807,11 @@ class FederationHandlerRegistry(object):
 
         self.query_handlers[query_type] = handler
 
-    async def on_edu(self, edu_type, origin, content):
+    async def on_edu(self, edu_type: str, origin: str, content: dict):
         handler = self.edu_handlers.get(edu_type)
         if not handler:
             logger.warning("No handler registered for EDU type %s", edu_type)
+            return
 
         with start_active_span_from_edu(content, "handle_edu"):
             try:
@@ -780,7 +821,7 @@ class FederationHandlerRegistry(object):
             except Exception:
                 logger.exception("Failed to handle edu %r", edu_type)
 
-    def on_query(self, query_type, args):
+    def on_query(self, query_type: str, args: dict) -> defer.Deferred:
         handler = self.query_handlers.get(query_type)
         if not handler:
             logger.warning("No handler registered for query type %s", query_type)
@@ -807,7 +848,7 @@ class ReplicationFederationHandlerRegistry(FederationHandlerRegistry):
 
         super(ReplicationFederationHandlerRegistry, self).__init__()
 
-    async def on_edu(self, edu_type, origin, content):
+    async def on_edu(self, edu_type: str, origin: str, content: dict):
         """Overrides FederationHandlerRegistry
         """
         if not self.config.use_presence and edu_type == "m.presence":
@@ -821,7 +862,7 @@ class ReplicationFederationHandlerRegistry(FederationHandlerRegistry):
 
         return await self._send_edu(edu_type=edu_type, origin=origin, content=content)
 
-    async def on_query(self, query_type, args):
+    async def on_query(self, query_type: str, args: dict):
         """Overrides FederationHandlerRegistry
         """
         handler = self.query_handlers.get(query_type)
diff --git a/synapse/federation/send_queue.py b/synapse/federation/send_queue.py
index 876fb0e245..e1700ca8aa 100644
--- a/synapse/federation/send_queue.py
+++ b/synapse/federation/send_queue.py
@@ -477,7 +477,7 @@ def process_rows_for_federation(transaction_queue, rows):
 
     Args:
         transaction_queue (FederationSender)
-        rows (list(synapse.replication.tcp.streams.FederationStreamRow))
+        rows (list(synapse.replication.tcp.streams.federation.FederationStream.FederationStreamRow))
     """
 
     # The federation stream contains a bunch of different types of
diff --git a/synapse/federation/sender/__init__.py b/synapse/federation/sender/__init__.py
index 233cb33daf..a477578e44 100644
--- a/synapse/federation/sender/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/federation/sender/__init__.py
@@ -499,4 +499,13 @@ class FederationSender(object):
         self._get_per_destination_queue(destination).attempt_new_transaction()
 
     def get_current_token(self) -> int:
+        # Dummy implementation for case where federation sender isn't offloaded
+        # to a worker.
         return 0
+
+    async def get_replication_rows(
+        self, from_token, to_token, limit, federation_ack=None
+    ):
+        # Dummy implementation for case where federation sender isn't offloaded
+        # to a worker.
+        return []
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/auth.py b/synapse/handlers/auth.py
index 7860f9625e..dbe165ce1e 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/auth.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/auth.py
@@ -18,14 +18,12 @@ import logging
 import time
 import unicodedata
 import urllib.parse
-from typing import Any, Dict, Iterable, List, Optional
+from typing import Any, Callable, Dict, Iterable, List, Optional, Tuple, Union
 
 import attr
 import bcrypt  # type: ignore[import]
 import pymacaroons
 
-from twisted.internet import defer
-
 import synapse.util.stringutils as stringutils
 from synapse.api.constants import LoginType
 from synapse.api.errors import (
@@ -91,6 +89,7 @@ class AuthHandler(BaseHandler):
         self.hs = hs  # FIXME better possibility to access registrationHandler later?
         self.macaroon_gen = hs.get_macaroon_generator()
         self._password_enabled = hs.config.password_enabled
+        self._sso_enabled = hs.config.saml2_enabled or hs.config.cas_enabled
 
         # we keep this as a list despite the O(N^2) implication so that we can
         # keep PASSWORD first and avoid confusing clients which pick the first
@@ -106,6 +105,13 @@ class AuthHandler(BaseHandler):
                     if t not in login_types:
                         login_types.append(t)
         self._supported_login_types = login_types
+        # Login types and UI Auth types have a heavy overlap, but are not
+        # necessarily identical. Login types have SSO (and other login types)
+        # added in the rest layer, see synapse.rest.client.v1.login.LoginRestServerlet.on_GET.
+        ui_auth_types = login_types.copy()
+        if self._sso_enabled:
+            ui_auth_types.append(LoginType.SSO)
+        self._supported_ui_auth_types = ui_auth_types
 
         # Ratelimiter for failed auth during UIA. Uses same ratelimit config
         # as per `rc_login.failed_attempts`.
@@ -113,20 +119,43 @@ class AuthHandler(BaseHandler):
 
         self._clock = self.hs.get_clock()
 
-        # Load the SSO redirect confirmation page HTML template
+        # Load the SSO HTML templates.
+
+        # The following template is shown to the user during a client login via SSO,
+        # after the SSO completes and before redirecting them back to their client.
+        # It notifies the user they are about to give access to their matrix account
+        # to the client.
         self._sso_redirect_confirm_template = load_jinja2_templates(
             hs.config.sso_redirect_confirm_template_dir, ["sso_redirect_confirm.html"],
         )[0]
+        # The following template is shown during user interactive authentication
+        # in the fallback auth scenario. It notifies the user that they are
+        # authenticating for an operation to occur on their account.
+        self._sso_auth_confirm_template = load_jinja2_templates(
+            hs.config.sso_redirect_confirm_template_dir, ["sso_auth_confirm.html"],
+        )[0]
+        # The following template is shown after a successful user interactive
+        # authentication session. It tells the user they can close the window.
+        self._sso_auth_success_template = hs.config.sso_auth_success_template
+        # The following template is shown during the SSO authentication process if
+        # the account is deactivated.
+        self._sso_account_deactivated_template = (
+            hs.config.sso_account_deactivated_template
+        )
 
         self._server_name = hs.config.server_name
 
         # cast to tuple for use with str.startswith
         self._whitelisted_sso_clients = tuple(hs.config.sso_client_whitelist)
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def validate_user_via_ui_auth(
-        self, requester: Requester, request_body: Dict[str, Any], clientip: str
-    ):
+    async def validate_user_via_ui_auth(
+        self,
+        requester: Requester,
+        request: SynapseRequest,
+        request_body: Dict[str, Any],
+        clientip: str,
+        description: str,
+    ) -> dict:
         """
         Checks that the user is who they claim to be, via a UI auth.
 
@@ -137,12 +166,17 @@ class AuthHandler(BaseHandler):
         Args:
             requester: The user, as given by the access token
 
+            request: The request sent by the client.
+
             request_body: The body of the request sent by the client
 
             clientip: The IP address of the client.
 
+            description: A human readable string to be displayed to the user that
+                         describes the operation happening on their account.
+
         Returns:
-            defer.Deferred[dict]: the parameters for this request (which may
+            The parameters for this request (which may
                 have been given only in a previous call).
 
         Raises:
@@ -169,10 +203,12 @@ class AuthHandler(BaseHandler):
         )
 
         # build a list of supported flows
-        flows = [[login_type] for login_type in self._supported_login_types]
+        flows = [[login_type] for login_type in self._supported_ui_auth_types]
 
         try:
-            result, params, _ = yield self.check_auth(flows, request_body, clientip)
+            result, params, _ = await self.check_auth(
+                flows, request, request_body, clientip, description
+            )
         except LoginError:
             # Update the ratelimite to say we failed (`can_do_action` doesn't raise).
             self._failed_uia_attempts_ratelimiter.can_do_action(
@@ -185,7 +221,7 @@ class AuthHandler(BaseHandler):
             raise
 
         # find the completed login type
-        for login_type in self._supported_login_types:
+        for login_type in self._supported_ui_auth_types:
             if login_type not in result:
                 continue
 
@@ -209,18 +245,18 @@ class AuthHandler(BaseHandler):
         """
         return self.checkers.keys()
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def check_auth(
-        self, flows: List[List[str]], clientdict: Dict[str, Any], clientip: str
-    ):
+    async def check_auth(
+        self,
+        flows: List[List[str]],
+        request: SynapseRequest,
+        clientdict: Dict[str, Any],
+        clientip: str,
+        description: str,
+    ) -> Tuple[dict, dict, str]:
         """
         Takes a dictionary sent by the client in the login / registration
         protocol and handles the User-Interactive Auth flow.
 
-        As a side effect, this function fills in the 'creds' key on the user's
-        session with a map, which maps each auth-type (str) to the relevant
-        identity authenticated by that auth-type (mostly str, but for captcha, bool).
-
         If no auth flows have been completed successfully, raises an
         InteractiveAuthIncompleteError. To handle this, you can use
         synapse.rest.client.v2_alpha._base.interactive_auth_handler as a
@@ -231,14 +267,18 @@ class AuthHandler(BaseHandler):
                    strings representing auth-types. At least one full
                    flow must be completed in order for auth to be successful.
 
+            request: The request sent by the client.
+
             clientdict: The dictionary from the client root level, not the
                         'auth' key: this method prompts for auth if none is sent.
 
             clientip: The IP address of the client.
 
+            description: A human readable string to be displayed to the user that
+                         describes the operation happening on their account.
+
         Returns:
-            defer.Deferred[dict, dict, str]: a deferred tuple of
-                (creds, params, session_id).
+            A tuple of (creds, params, session_id).
 
                 'creds' contains the authenticated credentials of each stage.
 
@@ -260,30 +300,47 @@ class AuthHandler(BaseHandler):
             del clientdict["auth"]
             if "session" in authdict:
                 sid = authdict["session"]
-        session = self._get_session_info(sid)
-
-        if len(clientdict) > 0:
-            # This was designed to allow the client to omit the parameters
-            # and just supply the session in subsequent calls so it split
-            # auth between devices by just sharing the session, (eg. so you
-            # could continue registration from your phone having clicked the
-            # email auth link on there). It's probably too open to abuse
-            # because it lets unauthenticated clients store arbitrary objects
-            # on a homeserver.
-            # Revisit: Assumimg the REST APIs do sensible validation, the data
-            # isn't arbintrary.
-            session["clientdict"] = clientdict
-            self._save_session(session)
-        elif "clientdict" in session:
-            clientdict = session["clientdict"]
+
+        # If there's no session ID, create a new session.
+        if not sid:
+            session = self._create_session(
+                clientdict, (request.uri, request.method, clientdict), description
+            )
+            session_id = session["id"]
+
+        else:
+            session = self._get_session_info(sid)
+            session_id = sid
+
+            if not clientdict:
+                # This was designed to allow the client to omit the parameters
+                # and just supply the session in subsequent calls so it split
+                # auth between devices by just sharing the session, (eg. so you
+                # could continue registration from your phone having clicked the
+                # email auth link on there). It's probably too open to abuse
+                # because it lets unauthenticated clients store arbitrary objects
+                # on a homeserver.
+                # Revisit: Assuming the REST APIs do sensible validation, the data
+                # isn't arbitrary.
+                clientdict = session["clientdict"]
+
+            # Ensure that the queried operation does not vary between stages of
+            # the UI authentication session. This is done by generating a stable
+            # comparator based on the URI, method, and body (minus the auth dict)
+            # and storing it during the initial query. Subsequent queries ensure
+            # that this comparator has not changed.
+            comparator = (request.uri, request.method, clientdict)
+            if session["ui_auth"] != comparator:
+                raise SynapseError(
+                    403,
+                    "Requested operation has changed during the UI authentication session.",
+                )
 
         if not authdict:
             raise InteractiveAuthIncompleteError(
-                self._auth_dict_for_flows(flows, session)
+                self._auth_dict_for_flows(flows, session_id)
             )
 
-        if "creds" not in session:
-            session["creds"] = {}
         creds = session["creds"]
 
         # check auth type currently being presented
@@ -291,7 +348,7 @@ class AuthHandler(BaseHandler):
         if "type" in authdict:
             login_type = authdict["type"]  # type: str
             try:
-                result = yield self._check_auth_dict(authdict, clientip)
+                result = await self._check_auth_dict(authdict, clientip)
                 if result:
                     creds[login_type] = result
                     self._save_session(session)
@@ -322,15 +379,17 @@ class AuthHandler(BaseHandler):
                     creds,
                     list(clientdict),
                 )
-                return creds, clientdict, session["id"]
 
-        ret = self._auth_dict_for_flows(flows, session)
+                return creds, clientdict, session_id
+
+        ret = self._auth_dict_for_flows(flows, session_id)
         ret["completed"] = list(creds)
         ret.update(errordict)
         raise InteractiveAuthIncompleteError(ret)
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def add_oob_auth(self, stagetype: str, authdict: Dict[str, Any], clientip: str):
+    async def add_oob_auth(
+        self, stagetype: str, authdict: Dict[str, Any], clientip: str
+    ) -> bool:
         """
         Adds the result of out-of-band authentication into an existing auth
         session. Currently used for adding the result of fallback auth.
@@ -341,11 +400,9 @@ class AuthHandler(BaseHandler):
             raise LoginError(400, "", Codes.MISSING_PARAM)
 
         sess = self._get_session_info(authdict["session"])
-        if "creds" not in sess:
-            sess["creds"] = {}
         creds = sess["creds"]
 
-        result = yield self.checkers[stagetype].check_auth(authdict, clientip)
+        result = await self.checkers[stagetype].check_auth(authdict, clientip)
         if result:
             creds[stagetype] = result
             self._save_session(sess)
@@ -382,7 +439,7 @@ class AuthHandler(BaseHandler):
             value: The data to store
         """
         sess = self._get_session_info(session_id)
-        sess.setdefault("serverdict", {})[key] = value
+        sess["serverdict"][key] = value
         self._save_session(sess)
 
     def get_session_data(
@@ -397,10 +454,11 @@ class AuthHandler(BaseHandler):
             default: Value to return if the key has not been set
         """
         sess = self._get_session_info(session_id)
-        return sess.setdefault("serverdict", {}).get(key, default)
+        return sess["serverdict"].get(key, default)
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _check_auth_dict(self, authdict: Dict[str, Any], clientip: str):
+    async def _check_auth_dict(
+        self, authdict: Dict[str, Any], clientip: str
+    ) -> Union[Dict[str, Any], str]:
         """Attempt to validate the auth dict provided by a client
 
         Args:
@@ -408,7 +466,7 @@ class AuthHandler(BaseHandler):
             clientip: IP address of the client
 
         Returns:
-            Deferred: result of the stage verification.
+            Result of the stage verification.
 
         Raises:
             StoreError if there was a problem accessing the database
@@ -418,7 +476,7 @@ class AuthHandler(BaseHandler):
         login_type = authdict["type"]
         checker = self.checkers.get(login_type)
         if checker is not None:
-            res = yield checker.check_auth(authdict, clientip=clientip)
+            res = await checker.check_auth(authdict, clientip=clientip)
             return res
 
         # build a v1-login-style dict out of the authdict and fall back to the
@@ -428,7 +486,7 @@ class AuthHandler(BaseHandler):
         if user_id is None:
             raise SynapseError(400, "", Codes.MISSING_PARAM)
 
-        (canonical_id, callback) = yield self.validate_login(user_id, authdict)
+        (canonical_id, callback) = await self.validate_login(user_id, authdict)
         return canonical_id
 
     def _get_params_recaptcha(self) -> dict:
@@ -452,7 +510,7 @@ class AuthHandler(BaseHandler):
         }
 
     def _auth_dict_for_flows(
-        self, flows: List[List[str]], session: Dict[str, Any]
+        self, flows: List[List[str]], session_id: str,
     ) -> Dict[str, Any]:
         public_flows = []
         for f in flows:
@@ -471,31 +529,73 @@ class AuthHandler(BaseHandler):
                     params[stage] = get_params[stage]()
 
         return {
-            "session": session["id"],
+            "session": session_id,
             "flows": [{"stages": f} for f in public_flows],
             "params": params,
         }
 
-    def _get_session_info(self, session_id: Optional[str]) -> dict:
+    def _create_session(
+        self,
+        clientdict: Dict[str, Any],
+        ui_auth: Tuple[bytes, bytes, Dict[str, Any]],
+        description: str,
+    ) -> dict:
         """
-        Gets or creates a session given a session ID.
+        Creates a new user interactive authentication session.
 
         The session can be used to track data across multiple requests, e.g. for
         interactive authentication.
-        """
-        if session_id not in self.sessions:
-            session_id = None
 
-        if not session_id:
-            # create a new session
-            while session_id is None or session_id in self.sessions:
-                session_id = stringutils.random_string(24)
-            self.sessions[session_id] = {"id": session_id}
+        Each session has the following keys:
+
+            id:
+                A unique identifier for this session. Passed back to the client
+                and returned for each stage.
+            clientdict:
+                The dictionary from the client root level, not the 'auth' key.
+            ui_auth:
+                A tuple which is checked at each stage of the authentication to
+                ensure that the asked for operation has not changed.
+            creds:
+                A map, which maps each auth-type (str) to the relevant identity
+                authenticated by that auth-type (mostly str, but for captcha, bool).
+            serverdict:
+                A map of data that is stored server-side and cannot be modified
+                by the client.
+            description:
+                A string description of the operation that the current
+                authentication is authorising.
+    Returns:
+        The newly created session.
+        """
+        session_id = None
+        while session_id is None or session_id in self.sessions:
+            session_id = stringutils.random_string(24)
+
+        self.sessions[session_id] = {
+            "id": session_id,
+            "clientdict": clientdict,
+            "ui_auth": ui_auth,
+            "creds": {},
+            "serverdict": {},
+            "description": description,
+        }
 
         return self.sessions[session_id]
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def get_access_token_for_user_id(
+    def _get_session_info(self, session_id: str) -> dict:
+        """
+        Gets a session given a session ID.
+
+        The session can be used to track data across multiple requests, e.g. for
+        interactive authentication.
+        """
+        try:
+            return self.sessions[session_id]
+        except KeyError:
+            raise SynapseError(400, "Unknown session ID: %s" % (session_id,))
+
+    async def get_access_token_for_user_id(
         self, user_id: str, device_id: Optional[str], valid_until_ms: Optional[int]
     ):
         """
@@ -525,10 +625,10 @@ class AuthHandler(BaseHandler):
             )
         logger.info("Logging in user %s on device %s%s", user_id, device_id, fmt_expiry)
 
-        yield self.auth.check_auth_blocking(user_id)
+        await self.auth.check_auth_blocking(user_id)
 
         access_token = self.macaroon_gen.generate_access_token(user_id)
-        yield self.store.add_access_token_to_user(
+        await self.store.add_access_token_to_user(
             user_id, access_token, device_id, valid_until_ms
         )
 
@@ -538,15 +638,14 @@ class AuthHandler(BaseHandler):
         # device, so we double-check it here.
         if device_id is not None:
             try:
-                yield self.store.get_device(user_id, device_id)
+                await self.store.get_device(user_id, device_id)
             except StoreError:
-                yield self.store.delete_access_token(access_token)
+                await self.store.delete_access_token(access_token)
                 raise StoreError(400, "Login raced against device deletion")
 
         return access_token
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def check_user_exists(self, user_id: str):
+    async def check_user_exists(self, user_id: str) -> Optional[str]:
         """
         Checks to see if a user with the given id exists. Will check case
         insensitively, but return None if there are multiple inexact matches.
@@ -555,28 +654,25 @@ class AuthHandler(BaseHandler):
             user_id: complete @user:id
 
         Returns:
-            defer.Deferred: (unicode) canonical_user_id, or None if zero or
-            multiple matches
-
-        Raises:
-            UserDeactivatedError if a user is found but is deactivated.
+            The canonical_user_id, or None if zero or multiple matches
         """
-        res = yield self._find_user_id_and_pwd_hash(user_id)
+        res = await self._find_user_id_and_pwd_hash(user_id)
         if res is not None:
             return res[0]
         return None
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _find_user_id_and_pwd_hash(self, user_id: str):
+    async def _find_user_id_and_pwd_hash(
+        self, user_id: str
+    ) -> Optional[Tuple[str, str]]:
         """Checks to see if a user with the given id exists. Will check case
         insensitively, but will return None if there are multiple inexact
         matches.
 
         Returns:
-            tuple: A 2-tuple of `(canonical_user_id, password_hash)`
-            None: if there is not exactly one match
+            A 2-tuple of `(canonical_user_id, password_hash)` or `None`
+            if there is not exactly one match
         """
-        user_infos = yield self.store.get_users_by_id_case_insensitive(user_id)
+        user_infos = await self.store.get_users_by_id_case_insensitive(user_id)
 
         result = None
         if not user_infos:
@@ -609,8 +705,9 @@ class AuthHandler(BaseHandler):
         """
         return self._supported_login_types
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def validate_login(self, username: str, login_submission: Dict[str, Any]):
+    async def validate_login(
+        self, username: str, login_submission: Dict[str, Any]
+    ) -> Tuple[str, Optional[Callable[[Dict[str, str]], None]]]:
         """Authenticates the user for the /login API
 
         Also used by the user-interactive auth flow to validate
@@ -621,7 +718,7 @@ class AuthHandler(BaseHandler):
             login_submission: the whole of the login submission
                 (including 'type' and other relevant fields)
         Returns:
-            Deferred[str, func]: canonical user id, and optional callback
+            A tuple of the canonical user id, and optional callback
                 to be called once the access token and device id are issued
         Raises:
             StoreError if there was a problem accessing the database
@@ -650,7 +747,7 @@ class AuthHandler(BaseHandler):
         for provider in self.password_providers:
             if hasattr(provider, "check_password") and login_type == LoginType.PASSWORD:
                 known_login_type = True
-                is_valid = yield provider.check_password(qualified_user_id, password)
+                is_valid = await provider.check_password(qualified_user_id, password)
                 if is_valid:
                     return qualified_user_id, None
 
@@ -682,7 +779,7 @@ class AuthHandler(BaseHandler):
                     % (login_type, missing_fields),
                 )
 
-            result = yield provider.check_auth(username, login_type, login_dict)
+            result = await provider.check_auth(username, login_type, login_dict)
             if result:
                 if isinstance(result, str):
                     result = (result, None)
@@ -691,8 +788,8 @@ class AuthHandler(BaseHandler):
         if login_type == LoginType.PASSWORD and self.hs.config.password_localdb_enabled:
             known_login_type = True
 
-            canonical_user_id = yield self._check_local_password(
-                qualified_user_id, password
+            canonical_user_id = await self._check_local_password(
+                qualified_user_id, password  # type: ignore
             )
 
             if canonical_user_id:
@@ -705,8 +802,9 @@ class AuthHandler(BaseHandler):
         # login, it turns all LoginErrors into a 401 anyway.
         raise LoginError(403, "Invalid password", errcode=Codes.FORBIDDEN)
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def check_password_provider_3pid(self, medium: str, address: str, password: str):
+    async def check_password_provider_3pid(
+        self, medium: str, address: str, password: str
+    ) -> Tuple[Optional[str], Optional[Callable[[Dict[str, str]], None]]]:
         """Check if a password provider is able to validate a thirdparty login
 
         Args:
@@ -715,9 +813,8 @@ class AuthHandler(BaseHandler):
             password: The password of the user.
 
         Returns:
-            Deferred[(str|None, func|None)]: A tuple of `(user_id,
-            callback)`. If authentication is successful, `user_id` is a `str`
-            containing the authenticated, canonical user ID. `callback` is
+            A tuple of `(user_id, callback)`. If authentication is successful,
+            `user_id`is the authenticated, canonical user ID. `callback` is
             then either a function to be later run after the server has
             completed login/registration, or `None`. If authentication was
             unsuccessful, `user_id` and `callback` are both `None`.
@@ -729,7 +826,7 @@ class AuthHandler(BaseHandler):
                 # success, to a str (which is the user_id) or a tuple of
                 # (user_id, callback_func), where callback_func should be run
                 # after we've finished everything else
-                result = yield provider.check_3pid_auth(medium, address, password)
+                result = await provider.check_3pid_auth(medium, address, password)
                 if result:
                     # Check if the return value is a str or a tuple
                     if isinstance(result, str):
@@ -739,8 +836,7 @@ class AuthHandler(BaseHandler):
 
         return None, None
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _check_local_password(self, user_id: str, password: str):
+    async def _check_local_password(self, user_id: str, password: str) -> Optional[str]:
         """Authenticate a user against the local password database.
 
         user_id is checked case insensitively, but will return None if there are
@@ -750,28 +846,26 @@ class AuthHandler(BaseHandler):
             user_id: complete @user:id
             password: the provided password
         Returns:
-            Deferred[unicode] the canonical_user_id, or Deferred[None] if
-                unknown user/bad password
+            The canonical_user_id, or None if unknown user/bad password
         """
-        lookupres = yield self._find_user_id_and_pwd_hash(user_id)
+        lookupres = await self._find_user_id_and_pwd_hash(user_id)
         if not lookupres:
             return None
         (user_id, password_hash) = lookupres
 
         # If the password hash is None, the account has likely been deactivated
         if not password_hash:
-            deactivated = yield self.store.get_user_deactivated_status(user_id)
+            deactivated = await self.store.get_user_deactivated_status(user_id)
             if deactivated:
                 raise UserDeactivatedError("This account has been deactivated")
 
-        result = yield self.validate_hash(password, password_hash)
+        result = await self.validate_hash(password, password_hash)
         if not result:
             logger.warning("Failed password login for user %s", user_id)
             return None
         return user_id
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def validate_short_term_login_token_and_get_user_id(self, login_token: str):
+    async def validate_short_term_login_token_and_get_user_id(self, login_token: str):
         auth_api = self.hs.get_auth()
         user_id = None
         try:
@@ -781,26 +875,23 @@ class AuthHandler(BaseHandler):
         except Exception:
             raise AuthError(403, "Invalid token", errcode=Codes.FORBIDDEN)
 
-        yield self.auth.check_auth_blocking(user_id)
+        await self.auth.check_auth_blocking(user_id)
         return user_id
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def delete_access_token(self, access_token: str):
+    async def delete_access_token(self, access_token: str):
         """Invalidate a single access token
 
         Args:
             access_token: access token to be deleted
 
-        Returns:
-            Deferred
         """
-        user_info = yield self.auth.get_user_by_access_token(access_token)
-        yield self.store.delete_access_token(access_token)
+        user_info = await self.auth.get_user_by_access_token(access_token)
+        await self.store.delete_access_token(access_token)
 
         # see if any of our auth providers want to know about this
         for provider in self.password_providers:
             if hasattr(provider, "on_logged_out"):
-                yield provider.on_logged_out(
+                await provider.on_logged_out(
                     user_id=str(user_info["user"]),
                     device_id=user_info["device_id"],
                     access_token=access_token,
@@ -808,12 +899,11 @@ class AuthHandler(BaseHandler):
 
         # delete pushers associated with this access token
         if user_info["token_id"] is not None:
-            yield self.hs.get_pusherpool().remove_pushers_by_access_token(
+            await self.hs.get_pusherpool().remove_pushers_by_access_token(
                 str(user_info["user"]), (user_info["token_id"],)
             )
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def delete_access_tokens_for_user(
+    async def delete_access_tokens_for_user(
         self,
         user_id: str,
         except_token_id: Optional[str] = None,
@@ -827,10 +917,8 @@ class AuthHandler(BaseHandler):
             device_id:  ID of device the tokens are associated with.
                 If None, tokens associated with any device (or no device) will
                 be deleted
-        Returns:
-            Deferred
         """
-        tokens_and_devices = yield self.store.user_delete_access_tokens(
+        tokens_and_devices = await self.store.user_delete_access_tokens(
             user_id, except_token_id=except_token_id, device_id=device_id
         )
 
@@ -838,17 +926,18 @@ class AuthHandler(BaseHandler):
         for provider in self.password_providers:
             if hasattr(provider, "on_logged_out"):
                 for token, token_id, device_id in tokens_and_devices:
-                    yield provider.on_logged_out(
+                    await provider.on_logged_out(
                         user_id=user_id, device_id=device_id, access_token=token
                     )
 
         # delete pushers associated with the access tokens
-        yield self.hs.get_pusherpool().remove_pushers_by_access_token(
+        await self.hs.get_pusherpool().remove_pushers_by_access_token(
             user_id, (token_id for _, token_id, _ in tokens_and_devices)
         )
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def add_threepid(self, user_id: str, medium: str, address: str, validated_at: int):
+    async def add_threepid(
+        self, user_id: str, medium: str, address: str, validated_at: int
+    ):
         # check if medium has a valid value
         if medium not in ["email", "msisdn"]:
             raise SynapseError(
@@ -869,14 +958,13 @@ class AuthHandler(BaseHandler):
         if medium == "email":
             address = address.lower()
 
-        yield self.store.user_add_threepid(
+        await self.store.user_add_threepid(
             user_id, medium, address, validated_at, self.hs.get_clock().time_msec()
         )
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def delete_threepid(
+    async def delete_threepid(
         self, user_id: str, medium: str, address: str, id_server: Optional[str] = None
-    ):
+    ) -> bool:
         """Attempts to unbind the 3pid on the identity servers and deletes it
         from the local database.
 
@@ -889,7 +977,7 @@ class AuthHandler(BaseHandler):
                 identity server specified when binding (if known).
 
         Returns:
-            Deferred[bool]: Returns True if successfully unbound the 3pid on
+            Returns True if successfully unbound the 3pid on
             the identity server, False if identity server doesn't support the
             unbind API.
         """
@@ -899,11 +987,11 @@ class AuthHandler(BaseHandler):
             address = address.lower()
 
         identity_handler = self.hs.get_handlers().identity_handler
-        result = yield identity_handler.try_unbind_threepid(
+        result = await identity_handler.try_unbind_threepid(
             user_id, {"medium": medium, "address": address, "id_server": id_server}
         )
 
-        yield self.store.user_delete_threepid(user_id, medium, address)
+        await self.store.user_delete_threepid(user_id, medium, address)
         return result
 
     def _save_session(self, session: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
@@ -913,14 +1001,14 @@ class AuthHandler(BaseHandler):
         session["last_used"] = self.hs.get_clock().time_msec()
         self.sessions[session["id"]] = session
 
-    def hash(self, password: str):
+    async def hash(self, password: str) -> str:
         """Computes a secure hash of password.
 
         Args:
             password: Password to hash.
 
         Returns:
-            Deferred(unicode): Hashed password.
+            Hashed password.
         """
 
         def _do_hash():
@@ -932,9 +1020,11 @@ class AuthHandler(BaseHandler):
                 bcrypt.gensalt(self.bcrypt_rounds),
             ).decode("ascii")
 
-        return defer_to_thread(self.hs.get_reactor(), _do_hash)
+        return await defer_to_thread(self.hs.get_reactor(), _do_hash)
 
-    def validate_hash(self, password: str, stored_hash: bytes):
+    async def validate_hash(
+        self, password: str, stored_hash: Union[bytes, str]
+    ) -> bool:
         """Validates that self.hash(password) == stored_hash.
 
         Args:
@@ -942,7 +1032,7 @@ class AuthHandler(BaseHandler):
             stored_hash: Expected hash value.
 
         Returns:
-            Deferred(bool): Whether self.hash(password) == stored_hash.
+            Whether self.hash(password) == stored_hash.
         """
 
         def _do_validate_hash():
@@ -958,11 +1048,56 @@ class AuthHandler(BaseHandler):
             if not isinstance(stored_hash, bytes):
                 stored_hash = stored_hash.encode("ascii")
 
-            return defer_to_thread(self.hs.get_reactor(), _do_validate_hash)
+            return await defer_to_thread(self.hs.get_reactor(), _do_validate_hash)
         else:
-            return defer.succeed(False)
+            return False
 
-    def complete_sso_login(
+    def start_sso_ui_auth(self, redirect_url: str, session_id: str) -> str:
+        """
+        Get the HTML for the SSO redirect confirmation page.
+
+        Args:
+            redirect_url: The URL to redirect to the SSO provider.
+            session_id: The user interactive authentication session ID.
+
+        Returns:
+            The HTML to render.
+        """
+        session = self._get_session_info(session_id)
+        return self._sso_auth_confirm_template.render(
+            description=session["description"], redirect_url=redirect_url,
+        )
+
+    def complete_sso_ui_auth(
+        self, registered_user_id: str, session_id: str, request: SynapseRequest,
+    ):
+        """Having figured out a mxid for this user, complete the HTTP request
+
+        Args:
+            registered_user_id: The registered user ID to complete SSO login for.
+            request: The request to complete.
+            client_redirect_url: The URL to which to redirect the user at the end of the
+                process.
+        """
+        # Mark the stage of the authentication as successful.
+        sess = self._get_session_info(session_id)
+        creds = sess["creds"]
+
+        # Save the user who authenticated with SSO, this will be used to ensure
+        # that the account be modified is also the person who logged in.
+        creds[LoginType.SSO] = registered_user_id
+        self._save_session(sess)
+
+        # Render the HTML and return.
+        html_bytes = self._sso_auth_success_template.encode("utf-8")
+        request.setResponseCode(200)
+        request.setHeader(b"Content-Type", b"text/html; charset=utf-8")
+        request.setHeader(b"Content-Length", b"%d" % (len(html_bytes),))
+
+        request.write(html_bytes)
+        finish_request(request)
+
+    async def complete_sso_login(
         self,
         registered_user_id: str,
         request: SynapseRequest,
@@ -976,6 +1111,32 @@ class AuthHandler(BaseHandler):
             client_redirect_url: The URL to which to redirect the user at the end of the
                 process.
         """
+        # If the account has been deactivated, do not proceed with the login
+        # flow.
+        deactivated = await self.store.get_user_deactivated_status(registered_user_id)
+        if deactivated:
+            html_bytes = self._sso_account_deactivated_template.encode("utf-8")
+
+            request.setResponseCode(403)
+            request.setHeader(b"Content-Type", b"text/html; charset=utf-8")
+            request.setHeader(b"Content-Length", b"%d" % (len(html_bytes),))
+            request.write(html_bytes)
+            finish_request(request)
+            return
+
+        self._complete_sso_login(registered_user_id, request, client_redirect_url)
+
+    def _complete_sso_login(
+        self,
+        registered_user_id: str,
+        request: SynapseRequest,
+        client_redirect_url: str,
+    ):
+        """
+        The synchronous portion of complete_sso_login.
+
+        This exists purely for backwards compatibility of synapse.module_api.ModuleApi.
+        """
         # Create a login token
         login_token = self.macaroon_gen.generate_short_term_login_token(
             registered_user_id
@@ -1001,7 +1162,7 @@ class AuthHandler(BaseHandler):
         # URL we redirect users to.
         redirect_url_no_params = client_redirect_url.split("?")[0]
 
-        html = self._sso_redirect_confirm_template.render(
+        html_bytes = self._sso_redirect_confirm_template.render(
             display_url=redirect_url_no_params,
             redirect_url=redirect_url,
             server_name=self._server_name,
@@ -1009,8 +1170,8 @@ class AuthHandler(BaseHandler):
 
         request.setResponseCode(200)
         request.setHeader(b"Content-Type", b"text/html; charset=utf-8")
-        request.setHeader(b"Content-Length", b"%d" % (len(html),))
-        request.write(html)
+        request.setHeader(b"Content-Length", b"%d" % (len(html_bytes),))
+        request.write(html_bytes)
         finish_request(request)
 
     @staticmethod
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/cas_handler.py b/synapse/handlers/cas_handler.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5cb3f9d133
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/handlers/cas_handler.py
@@ -0,0 +1,221 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+import logging
+import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
+from typing import Dict, Optional, Tuple
+
+from six.moves import urllib
+
+from twisted.web.client import PartialDownloadError
+
+from synapse.api.errors import Codes, LoginError
+from synapse.http.site import SynapseRequest
+from synapse.types import UserID, map_username_to_mxid_localpart
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class CasHandler:
+    """
+    Utility class for to handle the response from a CAS SSO service.
+
+    Args:
+        hs (synapse.server.HomeServer)
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, hs):
+        self._hostname = hs.hostname
+        self._auth_handler = hs.get_auth_handler()
+        self._registration_handler = hs.get_registration_handler()
+
+        self._cas_server_url = hs.config.cas_server_url
+        self._cas_service_url = hs.config.cas_service_url
+        self._cas_displayname_attribute = hs.config.cas_displayname_attribute
+        self._cas_required_attributes = hs.config.cas_required_attributes
+
+        self._http_client = hs.get_proxied_http_client()
+
+    def _build_service_param(self, args: Dict[str, str]) -> str:
+        """
+        Generates a value to use as the "service" parameter when redirecting or
+        querying the CAS service.
+
+        Args:
+            args: Additional arguments to include in the final redirect URL.
+
+        Returns:
+            The URL to use as a "service" parameter.
+        """
+        return "%s%s?%s" % (
+            self._cas_service_url,
+            "/_matrix/client/r0/login/cas/ticket",
+            urllib.parse.urlencode(args),
+        )
+
+    async def _validate_ticket(
+        self, ticket: str, service_args: Dict[str, str]
+    ) -> Tuple[str, Optional[str]]:
+        """
+        Validate a CAS ticket with the server, parse the response, and return the user and display name.
+
+        Args:
+            ticket: The CAS ticket from the client.
+            service_args: Additional arguments to include in the service URL.
+                Should be the same as those passed to `get_redirect_url`.
+        """
+        uri = self._cas_server_url + "/proxyValidate"
+        args = {
+            "ticket": ticket,
+            "service": self._build_service_param(service_args),
+        }
+        try:
+            body = await self._http_client.get_raw(uri, args)
+        except PartialDownloadError as pde:
+            # Twisted raises this error if the connection is closed,
+            # even if that's being used old-http style to signal end-of-data
+            body = pde.response
+
+        user, attributes = self._parse_cas_response(body)
+        displayname = attributes.pop(self._cas_displayname_attribute, None)
+
+        for required_attribute, required_value in self._cas_required_attributes.items():
+            # If required attribute was not in CAS Response - Forbidden
+            if required_attribute not in attributes:
+                raise LoginError(401, "Unauthorized", errcode=Codes.UNAUTHORIZED)
+
+            # Also need to check value
+            if required_value is not None:
+                actual_value = attributes[required_attribute]
+                # If required attribute value does not match expected - Forbidden
+                if required_value != actual_value:
+                    raise LoginError(401, "Unauthorized", errcode=Codes.UNAUTHORIZED)
+
+        return user, displayname
+
+    def _parse_cas_response(
+        self, cas_response_body: str
+    ) -> Tuple[str, Dict[str, Optional[str]]]:
+        """
+        Retrieve the user and other parameters from the CAS response.
+
+        Args:
+            cas_response_body: The response from the CAS query.
+
+        Returns:
+            A tuple of the user and a mapping of other attributes.
+        """
+        user = None
+        attributes = {}
+        try:
+            root = ET.fromstring(cas_response_body)
+            if not root.tag.endswith("serviceResponse"):
+                raise Exception("root of CAS response is not serviceResponse")
+            success = root[0].tag.endswith("authenticationSuccess")
+            for child in root[0]:
+                if child.tag.endswith("user"):
+                    user = child.text
+                if child.tag.endswith("attributes"):
+                    for attribute in child:
+                        # ElementTree library expands the namespace in
+                        # attribute tags to the full URL of the namespace.
+                        # We don't care about namespace here and it will always
+                        # be encased in curly braces, so we remove them.
+                        tag = attribute.tag
+                        if "}" in tag:
+                            tag = tag.split("}")[1]
+                        attributes[tag] = attribute.text
+            if user is None:
+                raise Exception("CAS response does not contain user")
+        except Exception:
+            logger.exception("Error parsing CAS response")
+            raise LoginError(401, "Invalid CAS response", errcode=Codes.UNAUTHORIZED)
+        if not success:
+            raise LoginError(
+                401, "Unsuccessful CAS response", errcode=Codes.UNAUTHORIZED
+            )
+        return user, attributes
+
+    def get_redirect_url(self, service_args: Dict[str, str]) -> str:
+        """
+        Generates a URL for the CAS server where the client should be redirected.
+
+        Args:
+            service_args: Additional arguments to include in the final redirect URL.
+
+        Returns:
+            The URL to redirect the client to.
+        """
+        args = urllib.parse.urlencode(
+            {"service": self._build_service_param(service_args)}
+        )
+
+        return "%s/login?%s" % (self._cas_server_url, args)
+
+    async def handle_ticket(
+        self,
+        request: SynapseRequest,
+        ticket: str,
+        client_redirect_url: Optional[str],
+        session: Optional[str],
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Called once the user has successfully authenticated with the SSO.
+        Validates a CAS ticket sent by the client and completes the auth process.
+
+        If the user interactive authentication session is provided, marks the
+        UI Auth session as complete, then returns an HTML page notifying the
+        user they are done.
+
+        Otherwise, this registers the user if necessary, and then returns a
+        redirect (with a login token) to the client.
+
+        Args:
+            request: the incoming request from the browser. We'll
+                respond to it with a redirect or an HTML page.
+
+            ticket: The CAS ticket provided by the client.
+
+            client_redirect_url: the redirectUrl parameter from the `/cas/ticket` HTTP request, if given.
+                This should be the same as the redirectUrl from the original `/login/sso/redirect` request.
+
+            session: The session parameter from the `/cas/ticket` HTTP request, if given.
+                This should be the UI Auth session id.
+        """
+        args = {}
+        if client_redirect_url:
+            args["redirectUrl"] = client_redirect_url
+        if session:
+            args["session"] = session
+        username, user_display_name = await self._validate_ticket(ticket, args)
+
+        localpart = map_username_to_mxid_localpart(username)
+        user_id = UserID(localpart, self._hostname).to_string()
+        registered_user_id = await self._auth_handler.check_user_exists(user_id)
+
+        if session:
+            self._auth_handler.complete_sso_ui_auth(
+                registered_user_id, session, request,
+            )
+
+        else:
+            if not registered_user_id:
+                registered_user_id = await self._registration_handler.register_user(
+                    localpart=localpart, default_display_name=user_display_name
+                )
+
+            await self._auth_handler.complete_sso_login(
+                registered_user_id, request, client_redirect_url
+            )
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/device.py b/synapse/handlers/device.py
index 993499f446..9bd941b5a0 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/device.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/device.py
@@ -338,8 +338,10 @@ class DeviceHandler(DeviceWorkerHandler):
             else:
                 raise
 
-        yield self._auth_handler.delete_access_tokens_for_user(
-            user_id, device_id=device_id
+        yield defer.ensureDeferred(
+            self._auth_handler.delete_access_tokens_for_user(
+                user_id, device_id=device_id
+            )
         )
 
         yield self.store.delete_e2e_keys_by_device(user_id=user_id, device_id=device_id)
@@ -391,8 +393,10 @@ class DeviceHandler(DeviceWorkerHandler):
         # Delete access tokens and e2e keys for each device. Not optimised as it is not
         # considered as part of a critical path.
         for device_id in device_ids:
-            yield self._auth_handler.delete_access_tokens_for_user(
-                user_id, device_id=device_id
+            yield defer.ensureDeferred(
+                self._auth_handler.delete_access_tokens_for_user(
+                    user_id, device_id=device_id
+                )
             )
             yield self.store.delete_e2e_keys_by_device(
                 user_id=user_id, device_id=device_id
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/directory.py b/synapse/handlers/directory.py
index 1d842c369b..53e5f585d9 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/directory.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/directory.py
@@ -127,7 +127,11 @@ class DirectoryHandler(BaseHandler):
                     errcode=Codes.EXCLUSIVE,
                 )
         else:
-            if self.require_membership and check_membership:
+            # Server admins are not subject to the same constraints as normal
+            # users when creating an alias (e.g. being in the room).
+            is_admin = yield self.auth.is_server_admin(requester.user)
+
+            if (self.require_membership and check_membership) and not is_admin:
                 rooms_for_user = yield self.store.get_rooms_for_user(user_id)
                 if room_id not in rooms_for_user:
                     raise AuthError(
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/federation.py b/synapse/handlers/federation.py
index 38ab6a8fc3..c7aa7acf3b 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/federation.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/federation.py
@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@ from synapse.event_auth import auth_types_for_event
 from synapse.events import EventBase
 from synapse.events.snapshot import EventContext
 from synapse.events.validator import EventValidator
+from synapse.handlers._base import BaseHandler
 from synapse.logging.context import (
     make_deferred_yieldable,
     nested_logging_context,
@@ -69,10 +70,9 @@ from synapse.types import JsonDict, StateMap, UserID, get_domain_from_id
 from synapse.util.async_helpers import Linearizer, concurrently_execute
 from synapse.util.distributor import user_joined_room
 from synapse.util.retryutils import NotRetryingDestination
+from synapse.util.stringutils import shortstr
 from synapse.visibility import filter_events_for_server
 
-from ._base import BaseHandler
-
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
@@ -93,27 +93,6 @@ class _NewEventInfo:
     auth_events = attr.ib(type=Optional[StateMap[EventBase]], default=None)
 
 
-def shortstr(iterable, maxitems=5):
-    """If iterable has maxitems or fewer, return the stringification of a list
-    containing those items.
-
-    Otherwise, return the stringification of a a list with the first maxitems items,
-    followed by "...".
-
-    Args:
-        iterable (Iterable): iterable to truncate
-        maxitems (int): number of items to return before truncating
-
-    Returns:
-        unicode
-    """
-
-    items = list(itertools.islice(iterable, maxitems + 1))
-    if len(items) <= maxitems:
-        return str(items)
-    return "[" + ", ".join(repr(r) for r in items[:maxitems]) + ", ...]"
-
-
 class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
     """Handles events that originated from federation.
         Responsible for:
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/identity.py b/synapse/handlers/identity.py
index 23f07832e7..0f0e632b62 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/identity.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/identity.py
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 """Utilities for interacting with Identity Servers"""
 
 import logging
-import urllib
+import urllib.parse
 
 from canonicaljson import json
 from signedjson.key import decode_verify_key_bytes
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/message.py b/synapse/handlers/message.py
index b743fc2dcc..522271eed1 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/message.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/message.py
@@ -852,6 +852,38 @@ class EventCreationHandler(object):
                 )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def _validate_canonical_alias(
+        self, directory_handler, room_alias_str, expected_room_id
+    ):
+        """
+        Ensure that the given room alias points to the expected room ID.
+
+        Args:
+            directory_handler: The directory handler object.
+            room_alias_str: The room alias to check.
+            expected_room_id: The room ID that the alias should point to.
+        """
+        room_alias = RoomAlias.from_string(room_alias_str)
+        try:
+            mapping = yield directory_handler.get_association(room_alias)
+        except SynapseError as e:
+            # Turn M_NOT_FOUND errors into M_BAD_ALIAS errors.
+            if e.errcode == Codes.NOT_FOUND:
+                raise SynapseError(
+                    400,
+                    "Room alias %s does not point to the room" % (room_alias_str,),
+                    Codes.BAD_ALIAS,
+                )
+            raise
+
+        if mapping["room_id"] != expected_room_id:
+            raise SynapseError(
+                400,
+                "Room alias %s does not point to the room" % (room_alias_str,),
+                Codes.BAD_ALIAS,
+            )
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def persist_and_notify_client_event(
         self, requester, event, context, ratelimit=True, extra_users=[]
     ):
@@ -905,15 +937,9 @@ class EventCreationHandler(object):
             room_alias_str = event.content.get("alias", None)
             directory_handler = self.hs.get_handlers().directory_handler
             if room_alias_str and room_alias_str != original_alias:
-                room_alias = RoomAlias.from_string(room_alias_str)
-                mapping = yield directory_handler.get_association(room_alias)
-
-                if mapping["room_id"] != event.room_id:
-                    raise SynapseError(
-                        400,
-                        "Room alias %s does not point to the room" % (room_alias_str,),
-                        Codes.BAD_ALIAS,
-                    )
+                yield self._validate_canonical_alias(
+                    directory_handler, room_alias_str, event.room_id
+                )
 
             # Check that alt_aliases is the proper form.
             alt_aliases = event.content.get("alt_aliases", [])
@@ -931,16 +957,9 @@ class EventCreationHandler(object):
             new_alt_aliases = set(alt_aliases) - set(original_alt_aliases)
             if new_alt_aliases:
                 for alias_str in new_alt_aliases:
-                    room_alias = RoomAlias.from_string(alias_str)
-                    mapping = yield directory_handler.get_association(room_alias)
-
-                    if mapping["room_id"] != event.room_id:
-                        raise SynapseError(
-                            400,
-                            "Room alias %s does not point to the room"
-                            % (room_alias_str,),
-                            Codes.BAD_ALIAS,
-                        )
+                    yield self._validate_canonical_alias(
+                        directory_handler, alias_str, event.room_id
+                    )
 
         federation_handler = self.hs.get_handlers().federation_handler
 
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/password_policy.py b/synapse/handlers/password_policy.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d06b110269
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/handlers/password_policy.py
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
+# Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+import logging
+import re
+
+from synapse.api.errors import Codes, PasswordRefusedError
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class PasswordPolicyHandler(object):
+    def __init__(self, hs):
+        self.policy = hs.config.password_policy
+        self.enabled = hs.config.password_policy_enabled
+
+        # Regexps for the spec'd policy parameters.
+        self.regexp_digit = re.compile("[0-9]")
+        self.regexp_symbol = re.compile("[^a-zA-Z0-9]")
+        self.regexp_uppercase = re.compile("[A-Z]")
+        self.regexp_lowercase = re.compile("[a-z]")
+
+    def validate_password(self, password):
+        """Checks whether a given password complies with the server's policy.
+
+        Args:
+            password (str): The password to check against the server's policy.
+
+        Raises:
+            PasswordRefusedError: The password doesn't comply with the server's policy.
+        """
+
+        if not self.enabled:
+            return
+
+        minimum_accepted_length = self.policy.get("minimum_length", 0)
+        if len(password) < minimum_accepted_length:
+            raise PasswordRefusedError(
+                msg=(
+                    "The password must be at least %d characters long"
+                    % minimum_accepted_length
+                ),
+                errcode=Codes.PASSWORD_TOO_SHORT,
+            )
+
+        if (
+            self.policy.get("require_digit", False)
+            and self.regexp_digit.search(password) is None
+        ):
+            raise PasswordRefusedError(
+                msg="The password must include at least one digit",
+                errcode=Codes.PASSWORD_NO_DIGIT,
+            )
+
+        if (
+            self.policy.get("require_symbol", False)
+            and self.regexp_symbol.search(password) is None
+        ):
+            raise PasswordRefusedError(
+                msg="The password must include at least one symbol",
+                errcode=Codes.PASSWORD_NO_SYMBOL,
+            )
+
+        if (
+            self.policy.get("require_uppercase", False)
+            and self.regexp_uppercase.search(password) is None
+        ):
+            raise PasswordRefusedError(
+                msg="The password must include at least one uppercase letter",
+                errcode=Codes.PASSWORD_NO_UPPERCASE,
+            )
+
+        if (
+            self.policy.get("require_lowercase", False)
+            and self.regexp_lowercase.search(password) is None
+        ):
+            raise PasswordRefusedError(
+                msg="The password must include at least one lowercase letter",
+                errcode=Codes.PASSWORD_NO_LOWERCASE,
+            )
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/presence.py b/synapse/handlers/presence.py
index 5526015ddb..6912165622 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/presence.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/presence.py
@@ -747,7 +747,7 @@ class PresenceHandler(object):
 
         return False
 
-    async def get_all_presence_updates(self, last_id, current_id):
+    async def get_all_presence_updates(self, last_id, current_id, limit):
         """
         Gets a list of presence update rows from between the given stream ids.
         Each row has:
@@ -762,7 +762,7 @@ class PresenceHandler(object):
         """
         # TODO(markjh): replicate the unpersisted changes.
         # This could use the in-memory stores for recent changes.
-        rows = await self.store.get_all_presence_updates(last_id, current_id)
+        rows = await self.store.get_all_presence_updates(last_id, current_id, limit)
         return rows
 
     def notify_new_event(self):
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/profile.py b/synapse/handlers/profile.py
index 50ce0c585b..6aa1c0f5e0 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/profile.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/profile.py
@@ -157,6 +157,15 @@ class BaseProfileHandler(BaseHandler):
         if not by_admin and target_user != requester.user:
             raise AuthError(400, "Cannot set another user's displayname")
 
+        if not by_admin and not self.hs.config.enable_set_displayname:
+            profile = yield self.store.get_profileinfo(target_user.localpart)
+            if profile.display_name:
+                raise SynapseError(
+                    400,
+                    "Changing display name is disabled on this server",
+                    Codes.FORBIDDEN,
+                )
+
         if len(new_displayname) > MAX_DISPLAYNAME_LEN:
             raise SynapseError(
                 400, "Displayname is too long (max %i)" % (MAX_DISPLAYNAME_LEN,)
@@ -218,6 +227,13 @@ class BaseProfileHandler(BaseHandler):
         if not by_admin and target_user != requester.user:
             raise AuthError(400, "Cannot set another user's avatar_url")
 
+        if not by_admin and not self.hs.config.enable_set_avatar_url:
+            profile = yield self.store.get_profileinfo(target_user.localpart)
+            if profile.avatar_url:
+                raise SynapseError(
+                    400, "Changing avatar is disabled on this server", Codes.FORBIDDEN
+                )
+
         if len(new_avatar_url) > MAX_AVATAR_URL_LEN:
             raise SynapseError(
                 400, "Avatar URL is too long (max %i)" % (MAX_AVATAR_URL_LEN,)
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/register.py b/synapse/handlers/register.py
index 7ffc194f0c..3a65b46ecd 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/register.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/register.py
@@ -166,7 +166,9 @@ class RegistrationHandler(BaseHandler):
         yield self.auth.check_auth_blocking(threepid=threepid)
         password_hash = None
         if password:
-            password_hash = yield self._auth_handler.hash(password)
+            password_hash = yield defer.ensureDeferred(
+                self._auth_handler.hash(password)
+            )
 
         if localpart is not None:
             yield self.check_username(localpart, guest_access_token=guest_access_token)
@@ -540,8 +542,10 @@ class RegistrationHandler(BaseHandler):
                 user_id, ["guest = true"]
             )
         else:
-            access_token = yield self._auth_handler.get_access_token_for_user_id(
-                user_id, device_id=device_id, valid_until_ms=valid_until_ms
+            access_token = yield defer.ensureDeferred(
+                self._auth_handler.get_access_token_for_user_id(
+                    user_id, device_id=device_id, valid_until_ms=valid_until_ms
+                )
             )
 
         return (device_id, access_token)
@@ -617,8 +621,13 @@ class RegistrationHandler(BaseHandler):
             logger.info("Can't add incomplete 3pid")
             return
 
-        yield self._auth_handler.add_threepid(
-            user_id, threepid["medium"], threepid["address"], threepid["validated_at"]
+        yield defer.ensureDeferred(
+            self._auth_handler.add_threepid(
+                user_id,
+                threepid["medium"],
+                threepid["address"],
+                threepid["validated_at"],
+            )
         )
 
         # And we add an email pusher for them by default, but only
@@ -670,6 +679,11 @@ class RegistrationHandler(BaseHandler):
                 return None
             raise
 
-        yield self._auth_handler.add_threepid(
-            user_id, threepid["medium"], threepid["address"], threepid["validated_at"]
+        yield defer.ensureDeferred(
+            self._auth_handler.add_threepid(
+                user_id,
+                threepid["medium"],
+                threepid["address"],
+                threepid["validated_at"],
+            )
         )
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/room.py b/synapse/handlers/room.py
index f580ab2e9f..3d10e4b2d9 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/room.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/room.py
@@ -645,6 +645,13 @@ class RoomCreationHandler(BaseHandler):
                 check_membership=False,
             )
 
+        if is_public:
+            if not self.config.is_publishing_room_allowed(user_id, room_id, room_alias):
+                # Lets just return a generic message, as there may be all sorts of
+                # reasons why we said no. TODO: Allow configurable error messages
+                # per alias creation rule?
+                raise SynapseError(403, "Not allowed to publish room")
+
         preset_config = config.get(
             "preset",
             RoomCreationPreset.PRIVATE_CHAT
@@ -806,6 +813,7 @@ class RoomCreationHandler(BaseHandler):
                     EventTypes.RoomAvatar: 50,
                     EventTypes.Tombstone: 100,
                     EventTypes.ServerACL: 100,
+                    EventTypes.RoomEncryption: 100,
                 },
                 "events_default": 0,
                 "state_default": 50,
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/room_list.py b/synapse/handlers/room_list.py
index 0b7d3da680..59c9906b31 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/room_list.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/room_list.py
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 
 import logging
 from collections import namedtuple
+from typing import Any, Dict, Optional
 
 from six import iteritems
 
@@ -105,22 +106,22 @@ class RoomListHandler(BaseHandler):
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _get_public_room_list(
         self,
-        limit=None,
-        since_token=None,
-        search_filter=None,
-        network_tuple=EMPTY_THIRD_PARTY_ID,
-        from_federation=False,
-    ):
+        limit: Optional[int] = None,
+        since_token: Optional[str] = None,
+        search_filter: Optional[Dict] = None,
+        network_tuple: ThirdPartyInstanceID = EMPTY_THIRD_PARTY_ID,
+        from_federation: bool = False,
+    ) -> Dict[str, Any]:
         """Generate a public room list.
         Args:
-            limit (int|None): Maximum amount of rooms to return.
-            since_token (str|None)
-            search_filter (dict|None): Dictionary to filter rooms by.
-            network_tuple (ThirdPartyInstanceID): Which public list to use.
+            limit: Maximum amount of rooms to return.
+            since_token:
+            search_filter: Dictionary to filter rooms by.
+            network_tuple: Which public list to use.
                 This can be (None, None) to indicate the main list, or a particular
                 appservice and network id to use an appservice specific one.
                 Setting to None returns all public rooms across all lists.
-            from_federation (bool): Whether this request originated from a
+            from_federation: Whether this request originated from a
                 federating server or a client. Used for room filtering.
         """
 
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/room_member.py b/synapse/handlers/room_member.py
index 4260426369..c3ee8db4f0 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/room_member.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/room_member.py
@@ -519,6 +519,9 @@ class RoomMemberHandler(object):
             yield self.store.set_room_is_public(old_room_id, False)
             yield self.store.set_room_is_public(room_id, True)
 
+        # Transfer alias mappings in the room directory
+        yield self.store.update_aliases_for_room(old_room_id, room_id)
+
         # Check if any groups we own contain the predecessor room
         local_group_ids = yield self.store.get_local_groups_for_room(old_room_id)
         for group_id in local_group_ids:
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/saml_handler.py b/synapse/handlers/saml_handler.py
index 72c109981b..7c9454b504 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/saml_handler.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/saml_handler.py
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 # limitations under the License.
 import logging
 import re
-from typing import Tuple
+from typing import Optional, Tuple
 
 import attr
 import saml2
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ from synapse.config import ConfigError
 from synapse.http.server import finish_request
 from synapse.http.servlet import parse_string
 from synapse.module_api import ModuleApi
+from synapse.module_api.errors import RedirectException
 from synapse.types import (
     UserID,
     map_username_to_mxid_localpart,
@@ -43,11 +44,15 @@ class Saml2SessionData:
 
     # time the session was created, in milliseconds
     creation_time = attr.ib()
+    # The user interactive authentication session ID associated with this SAML
+    # session (or None if this SAML session is for an initial login).
+    ui_auth_session_id = attr.ib(type=Optional[str], default=None)
 
 
 class SamlHandler:
     def __init__(self, hs):
         self._saml_client = Saml2Client(hs.config.saml2_sp_config)
+        self._auth = hs.get_auth()
         self._auth_handler = hs.get_auth_handler()
         self._registration_handler = hs.get_registration_handler()
 
@@ -76,12 +81,14 @@ class SamlHandler:
 
         self._error_html_content = hs.config.saml2_error_html_content
 
-    def handle_redirect_request(self, client_redirect_url):
+    def handle_redirect_request(self, client_redirect_url, ui_auth_session_id=None):
         """Handle an incoming request to /login/sso/redirect
 
         Args:
             client_redirect_url (bytes): the URL that we should redirect the
                 client to when everything is done
+            ui_auth_session_id (Optional[str]): The session ID of the ongoing UI Auth (or
+                None if this is a login).
 
         Returns:
             bytes: URL to redirect to
@@ -91,7 +98,9 @@ class SamlHandler:
         )
 
         now = self._clock.time_msec()
-        self._outstanding_requests_dict[reqid] = Saml2SessionData(creation_time=now)
+        self._outstanding_requests_dict[reqid] = Saml2SessionData(
+            creation_time=now, ui_auth_session_id=ui_auth_session_id,
+        )
 
         for key, value in info["headers"]:
             if key == "Location":
@@ -118,7 +127,12 @@ class SamlHandler:
         self.expire_sessions()
 
         try:
-            user_id = await self._map_saml_response_to_user(resp_bytes, relay_state)
+            user_id, current_session = await self._map_saml_response_to_user(
+                resp_bytes, relay_state
+            )
+        except RedirectException:
+            # Raise the exception as per the wishes of the SAML module response
+            raise
         except Exception as e:
             # If decoding the response or mapping it to a user failed, then log the
             # error and tell the user that something went wrong.
@@ -133,9 +147,28 @@ class SamlHandler:
             finish_request(request)
             return
 
-        self._auth_handler.complete_sso_login(user_id, request, relay_state)
+        # Complete the interactive auth session or the login.
+        if current_session and current_session.ui_auth_session_id:
+            self._auth_handler.complete_sso_ui_auth(
+                user_id, current_session.ui_auth_session_id, request
+            )
+
+        else:
+            await self._auth_handler.complete_sso_login(user_id, request, relay_state)
+
+    async def _map_saml_response_to_user(
+        self, resp_bytes: str, client_redirect_url: str
+    ) -> Tuple[str, Optional[Saml2SessionData]]:
+        """
+        Given a sample response, retrieve the cached session and user for it.
 
-    async def _map_saml_response_to_user(self, resp_bytes, client_redirect_url):
+        Args:
+            resp_bytes: The SAML response.
+            client_redirect_url: The redirect URL passed in by the client.
+
+        Returns:
+             Tuple of the user ID and SAML session associated with this response.
+        """
         try:
             saml2_auth = self._saml_client.parse_authn_request_response(
                 resp_bytes,
@@ -163,7 +196,9 @@ class SamlHandler:
 
         logger.info("SAML2 mapped attributes: %s", saml2_auth.ava)
 
-        self._outstanding_requests_dict.pop(saml2_auth.in_response_to, None)
+        current_session = self._outstanding_requests_dict.pop(
+            saml2_auth.in_response_to, None
+        )
 
         remote_user_id = self._user_mapping_provider.get_remote_user_id(
             saml2_auth, client_redirect_url
@@ -184,7 +219,7 @@ class SamlHandler:
             )
             if registered_user_id is not None:
                 logger.info("Found existing mapping %s", registered_user_id)
-                return registered_user_id
+                return registered_user_id, current_session
 
             # backwards-compatibility hack: see if there is an existing user with a
             # suitable mapping from the uid
@@ -209,7 +244,7 @@ class SamlHandler:
                     await self._datastore.record_user_external_id(
                         self._auth_provider_id, remote_user_id, registered_user_id
                     )
-                    return registered_user_id
+                    return registered_user_id, current_session
 
             # Map saml response to user attributes using the configured mapping provider
             for i in range(1000):
@@ -256,7 +291,7 @@ class SamlHandler:
             await self._datastore.record_user_external_id(
                 self._auth_provider_id, remote_user_id, registered_user_id
             )
-            return registered_user_id
+            return registered_user_id, current_session
 
     def expire_sessions(self):
         expire_before = self._clock.time_msec() - self._saml2_session_lifetime
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/set_password.py b/synapse/handlers/set_password.py
index 12657ca698..63d8f9aa0d 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/set_password.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/set_password.py
@@ -15,8 +15,6 @@
 import logging
 from typing import Optional
 
-from twisted.internet import defer
-
 from synapse.api.errors import Codes, StoreError, SynapseError
 from synapse.types import Requester
 
@@ -32,9 +30,9 @@ class SetPasswordHandler(BaseHandler):
         super(SetPasswordHandler, self).__init__(hs)
         self._auth_handler = hs.get_auth_handler()
         self._device_handler = hs.get_device_handler()
+        self._password_policy_handler = hs.get_password_policy_handler()
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def set_password(
+    async def set_password(
         self,
         user_id: str,
         new_password: str,
@@ -44,10 +42,11 @@ class SetPasswordHandler(BaseHandler):
         if not self.hs.config.password_localdb_enabled:
             raise SynapseError(403, "Password change disabled", errcode=Codes.FORBIDDEN)
 
-        password_hash = yield self._auth_handler.hash(new_password)
+        self._password_policy_handler.validate_password(new_password)
+        password_hash = await self._auth_handler.hash(new_password)
 
         try:
-            yield self.store.user_set_password_hash(user_id, password_hash)
+            await self.store.user_set_password_hash(user_id, password_hash)
         except StoreError as e:
             if e.code == 404:
                 raise SynapseError(404, "Unknown user", Codes.NOT_FOUND)
@@ -59,12 +58,12 @@ class SetPasswordHandler(BaseHandler):
             except_access_token_id = requester.access_token_id if requester else None
 
             # First delete all of their other devices.
-            yield self._device_handler.delete_all_devices_for_user(
+            await self._device_handler.delete_all_devices_for_user(
                 user_id, except_device_id=except_device_id
             )
 
             # and now delete any access tokens which weren't associated with
             # devices (or were associated with this device).
-            yield self._auth_handler.delete_access_tokens_for_user(
+            await self._auth_handler.delete_access_tokens_for_user(
                 user_id, except_token_id=except_access_token_id
             )
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/sync.py b/synapse/handlers/sync.py
index cfd5dfc9e5..4f76b7a743 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/sync.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/sync.py
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ from prometheus_client import Counter
 from synapse.api.constants import EventTypes, Membership
 from synapse.api.filtering import FilterCollection
 from synapse.events import EventBase
-from synapse.logging.context import LoggingContext
+from synapse.logging.context import current_context
 from synapse.push.clientformat import format_push_rules_for_user
 from synapse.storage.roommember import MemberSummary
 from synapse.storage.state import StateFilter
@@ -301,7 +301,7 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
         else:
             sync_type = "incremental_sync"
 
-        context = LoggingContext.current_context()
+        context = current_context()
         if context:
             context.tag = sync_type
 
@@ -1639,7 +1639,7 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
         )
 
         # We loop through all room ids, even if there are no new events, in case
-        # there are non room events taht we need to notify about.
+        # there are non room events that we need to notify about.
         for room_id in sync_result_builder.joined_room_ids:
             room_entry = room_to_events.get(room_id, None)
 
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/typing.py b/synapse/handlers/typing.py
index 391bceb0c4..c7bc14c623 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/typing.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/typing.py
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 
 import logging
 from collections import namedtuple
+from typing import List
 
 from twisted.internet import defer
 
@@ -257,7 +258,13 @@ class TypingHandler(object):
             "typing_key", self._latest_room_serial, rooms=[member.room_id]
         )
 
-    async def get_all_typing_updates(self, last_id, current_id):
+    async def get_all_typing_updates(
+        self, last_id: int, current_id: int, limit: int
+    ) -> List[dict]:
+        """Get up to `limit` typing updates between the given tokens, earliest
+        updates first.
+        """
+
         if last_id == current_id:
             return []
 
@@ -275,7 +282,7 @@ class TypingHandler(object):
                 typing = self._room_typing[room_id]
                 rows.append((serial, room_id, list(typing)))
         rows.sort()
-        return rows
+        return rows[:limit]
 
     def get_current_token(self):
         return self._latest_room_serial
diff --git a/synapse/http/matrixfederationclient.py b/synapse/http/matrixfederationclient.py
index 6f1bb04d8b..6b0a532c05 100644
--- a/synapse/http/matrixfederationclient.py
+++ b/synapse/http/matrixfederationclient.py
@@ -434,21 +434,27 @@ class MatrixFederationHttpClient(object):
                         logger.info("Failed to send request: %s", e)
                         raise_from(RequestSendFailed(e, can_retry=True), e)
 
-                    logger.info(
-                        "{%s} [%s] Got response headers: %d %s",
-                        request.txn_id,
-                        request.destination,
-                        response.code,
-                        response.phrase.decode("ascii", errors="replace"),
-                    )
-
                     incoming_responses_counter.labels(method_bytes, response.code).inc()
 
                     set_tag(tags.HTTP_STATUS_CODE, response.code)
 
                     if 200 <= response.code < 300:
+                        logger.debug(
+                            "{%s} [%s] Got response headers: %d %s",
+                            request.txn_id,
+                            request.destination,
+                            response.code,
+                            response.phrase.decode("ascii", errors="replace"),
+                        )
                         pass
                     else:
+                        logger.info(
+                            "{%s} [%s] Got response headers: %d %s",
+                            request.txn_id,
+                            request.destination,
+                            response.code,
+                            response.phrase.decode("ascii", errors="replace"),
+                        )
                         # :'(
                         # Update transactions table?
                         d = treq.content(response)
diff --git a/synapse/http/request_metrics.py b/synapse/http/request_metrics.py
index 58f9cc61c8..b58ae3d9db 100644
--- a/synapse/http/request_metrics.py
+++ b/synapse/http/request_metrics.py
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ import threading
 
 from prometheus_client.core import Counter, Histogram
 
-from synapse.logging.context import LoggingContext
+from synapse.logging.context import current_context
 from synapse.metrics import LaterGauge
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ LaterGauge(
 class RequestMetrics(object):
     def start(self, time_sec, name, method):
         self.start = time_sec
-        self.start_context = LoggingContext.current_context()
+        self.start_context = current_context()
         self.name = name
         self.method = method
 
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ class RequestMetrics(object):
         with _in_flight_requests_lock:
             _in_flight_requests.discard(self)
 
-        context = LoggingContext.current_context()
+        context = current_context()
 
         tag = ""
         if context:
diff --git a/synapse/http/site.py b/synapse/http/site.py
index e092193c9c..32feb0d968 100644
--- a/synapse/http/site.py
+++ b/synapse/http/site.py
@@ -193,6 +193,12 @@ class SynapseRequest(Request):
         self.finish_time = time.time()
         Request.connectionLost(self, reason)
 
+        if self.logcontext is None:
+            logger.info(
+                "Connection from %s lost before request headers were read", self.client
+            )
+            return
+
         # we only get here if the connection to the client drops before we send
         # the response.
         #
@@ -236,13 +242,6 @@ class SynapseRequest(Request):
     def _finished_processing(self):
         """Log the completion of this request and update the metrics
         """
-
-        if self.logcontext is None:
-            # this can happen if the connection closed before we read the
-            # headers (so render was never called). In that case we'll already
-            # have logged a warning, so just bail out.
-            return
-
         usage = self.logcontext.get_resource_usage()
 
         if self._processing_finished_time is None:
diff --git a/synapse/logging/_structured.py b/synapse/logging/_structured.py
index ffa7b20ca8..7372450b45 100644
--- a/synapse/logging/_structured.py
+++ b/synapse/logging/_structured.py
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ from synapse.logging._terse_json import (
     TerseJSONToConsoleLogObserver,
     TerseJSONToTCPLogObserver,
 )
-from synapse.logging.context import LoggingContext
+from synapse.logging.context import current_context
 
 
 def stdlib_log_level_to_twisted(level: str) -> LogLevel:
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ class LogContextObserver(object):
             ].startswith("Timing out client"):
                 return
 
-        context = LoggingContext.current_context()
+        context = current_context()
 
         # Copy the context information to the log event.
         if context is not None:
diff --git a/synapse/logging/context.py b/synapse/logging/context.py
index 860b99a4c6..a8f674d13d 100644
--- a/synapse/logging/context.py
+++ b/synapse/logging/context.py
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ try:
 
     is_thread_resource_usage_supported = True
 
-    def get_thread_resource_usage():
+    def get_thread_resource_usage() -> "Optional[resource._RUsage]":
         return resource.getrusage(RUSAGE_THREAD)
 
 
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ except Exception:
     # won't track resource usage.
     is_thread_resource_usage_supported = False
 
-    def get_thread_resource_usage():
+    def get_thread_resource_usage() -> "Optional[resource._RUsage]":
         return None
 
 
@@ -175,7 +175,54 @@ class ContextResourceUsage(object):
         return res
 
 
-LoggingContextOrSentinel = Union["LoggingContext", "LoggingContext.Sentinel"]
+LoggingContextOrSentinel = Union["LoggingContext", "_Sentinel"]
+
+
+class _Sentinel(object):
+    """Sentinel to represent the root context"""
+
+    __slots__ = ["previous_context", "finished", "request", "scope", "tag"]
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        # Minimal set for compatibility with LoggingContext
+        self.previous_context = None
+        self.finished = False
+        self.request = None
+        self.scope = None
+        self.tag = None
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return "sentinel"
+
+    def copy_to(self, record):
+        pass
+
+    def copy_to_twisted_log_entry(self, record):
+        record["request"] = None
+        record["scope"] = None
+
+    def start(self, rusage: "Optional[resource._RUsage]"):
+        pass
+
+    def stop(self, rusage: "Optional[resource._RUsage]"):
+        pass
+
+    def add_database_transaction(self, duration_sec):
+        pass
+
+    def add_database_scheduled(self, sched_sec):
+        pass
+
+    def record_event_fetch(self, event_count):
+        pass
+
+    def __nonzero__(self):
+        return False
+
+    __bool__ = __nonzero__  # python3
+
+
+SENTINEL_CONTEXT = _Sentinel()
 
 
 class LoggingContext(object):
@@ -199,76 +246,33 @@ class LoggingContext(object):
         "_resource_usage",
         "usage_start",
         "main_thread",
-        "alive",
+        "finished",
         "request",
         "tag",
         "scope",
     ]
 
-    thread_local = threading.local()
-
-    class Sentinel(object):
-        """Sentinel to represent the root context"""
-
-        __slots__ = ["previous_context", "alive", "request", "scope", "tag"]
-
-        def __init__(self) -> None:
-            # Minimal set for compatibility with LoggingContext
-            self.previous_context = None
-            self.alive = None
-            self.request = None
-            self.scope = None
-            self.tag = None
-
-        def __str__(self):
-            return "sentinel"
-
-        def copy_to(self, record):
-            pass
-
-        def copy_to_twisted_log_entry(self, record):
-            record["request"] = None
-            record["scope"] = None
-
-        def start(self):
-            pass
-
-        def stop(self):
-            pass
-
-        def add_database_transaction(self, duration_sec):
-            pass
-
-        def add_database_scheduled(self, sched_sec):
-            pass
-
-        def record_event_fetch(self, event_count):
-            pass
-
-        def __nonzero__(self):
-            return False
-
-        __bool__ = __nonzero__  # python3
-
-    sentinel = Sentinel()
-
     def __init__(self, name=None, parent_context=None, request=None) -> None:
-        self.previous_context = LoggingContext.current_context()
+        self.previous_context = current_context()
         self.name = name
 
         # track the resources used by this context so far
         self._resource_usage = ContextResourceUsage()
 
-        # If alive has the thread resource usage when the logcontext last
-        # became active.
-        self.usage_start = None
+        # The thread resource usage when the logcontext became active. None
+        # if the context is not currently active.
+        self.usage_start = None  # type: Optional[resource._RUsage]
 
         self.main_thread = get_thread_id()
         self.request = None
         self.tag = ""
-        self.alive = True
         self.scope = None  # type: Optional[_LogContextScope]
 
+        # keep track of whether we have hit the __exit__ block for this context
+        # (suggesting that the the thing that created the context thinks it should
+        # be finished, and that re-activating it would suggest an error).
+        self.finished = False
+
         self.parent_context = parent_context
 
         if self.parent_context is not None:
@@ -283,44 +287,15 @@ class LoggingContext(object):
             return str(self.request)
         return "%s@%x" % (self.name, id(self))
 
-    @classmethod
-    def current_context(cls) -> LoggingContextOrSentinel:
-        """Get the current logging context from thread local storage
-
-        Returns:
-            LoggingContext: the current logging context
-        """
-        return getattr(cls.thread_local, "current_context", cls.sentinel)
-
-    @classmethod
-    def set_current_context(
-        cls, context: LoggingContextOrSentinel
-    ) -> LoggingContextOrSentinel:
-        """Set the current logging context in thread local storage
-        Args:
-            context(LoggingContext): The context to activate.
-        Returns:
-            The context that was previously active
-        """
-        current = cls.current_context()
-
-        if current is not context:
-            current.stop()
-            cls.thread_local.current_context = context
-            context.start()
-        return current
-
     def __enter__(self) -> "LoggingContext":
         """Enters this logging context into thread local storage"""
-        old_context = self.set_current_context(self)
+        old_context = set_current_context(self)
         if self.previous_context != old_context:
             logger.warning(
                 "Expected previous context %r, found %r",
                 self.previous_context,
                 old_context,
             )
-        self.alive = True
-
         return self
 
     def __exit__(self, type, value, traceback) -> None:
@@ -329,24 +304,19 @@ class LoggingContext(object):
         Returns:
             None to avoid suppressing any exceptions that were thrown.
         """
-        current = self.set_current_context(self.previous_context)
+        current = set_current_context(self.previous_context)
         if current is not self:
-            if current is self.sentinel:
+            if current is SENTINEL_CONTEXT:
                 logger.warning("Expected logging context %s was lost", self)
             else:
                 logger.warning(
                     "Expected logging context %s but found %s", self, current
                 )
-        self.alive = False
 
-        # if we have a parent, pass our CPU usage stats on
-        if self.parent_context is not None and hasattr(
-            self.parent_context, "_resource_usage"
-        ):
-            self.parent_context._resource_usage += self._resource_usage
-
-            # reset them in case we get entered again
-            self._resource_usage.reset()
+        # the fact that we are here suggests that the caller thinks that everything
+        # is done and dusted for this logcontext, and further activity will not get
+        # recorded against the correct metrics.
+        self.finished = True
 
     def copy_to(self, record) -> None:
         """Copy logging fields from this context to a log record or
@@ -366,35 +336,71 @@ class LoggingContext(object):
         record["request"] = self.request
         record["scope"] = self.scope
 
-    def start(self) -> None:
+    def start(self, rusage: "Optional[resource._RUsage]") -> None:
+        """
+        Record that this logcontext is currently running.
+
+        This should not be called directly: use set_current_context
+
+        Args:
+            rusage: the resources used by the current thread, at the point of
+                switching to this logcontext. May be None if this platform doesn't
+                support getrusuage.
+        """
         if get_thread_id() != self.main_thread:
             logger.warning("Started logcontext %s on different thread", self)
             return
 
+        if self.finished:
+            logger.warning("Re-starting finished log context %s", self)
+
         # If we haven't already started record the thread resource usage so
         # far
-        if not self.usage_start:
-            self.usage_start = get_thread_resource_usage()
+        if self.usage_start:
+            logger.warning("Re-starting already-active log context %s", self)
+        else:
+            self.usage_start = rusage
 
-    def stop(self) -> None:
-        if get_thread_id() != self.main_thread:
-            logger.warning("Stopped logcontext %s on different thread", self)
-            return
+    def stop(self, rusage: "Optional[resource._RUsage]") -> None:
+        """
+        Record that this logcontext is no longer running.
+
+        This should not be called directly: use set_current_context
+
+        Args:
+            rusage: the resources used by the current thread, at the point of
+                switching away from this logcontext. May be None if this platform
+                doesn't support getrusuage.
+        """
+
+        try:
+            if get_thread_id() != self.main_thread:
+                logger.warning("Stopped logcontext %s on different thread", self)
+                return
+
+            if not rusage:
+                return
 
-        # When we stop, let's record the cpu used since we started
-        if not self.usage_start:
-            # Log a warning on platforms that support thread usage tracking
-            if is_thread_resource_usage_supported:
+            # Record the cpu used since we started
+            if not self.usage_start:
                 logger.warning(
-                    "Called stop on logcontext %s without calling start", self
+                    "Called stop on logcontext %s without recording a start rusage",
+                    self,
                 )
-            return
+                return
+
+            utime_delta, stime_delta = self._get_cputime(rusage)
+            self._resource_usage.ru_utime += utime_delta
+            self._resource_usage.ru_stime += stime_delta
 
-        utime_delta, stime_delta = self._get_cputime()
-        self._resource_usage.ru_utime += utime_delta
-        self._resource_usage.ru_stime += stime_delta
+            # if we have a parent, pass our CPU usage stats on
+            if self.parent_context:
+                self.parent_context._resource_usage += self._resource_usage
 
-        self.usage_start = None
+                # reset them in case we get entered again
+                self._resource_usage.reset()
+        finally:
+            self.usage_start = None
 
     def get_resource_usage(self) -> ContextResourceUsage:
         """Get resources used by this logcontext so far.
@@ -409,25 +415,25 @@ class LoggingContext(object):
         # If we are on the correct thread and we're currently running then we
         # can include resource usage so far.
         is_main_thread = get_thread_id() == self.main_thread
-        if self.alive and self.usage_start and is_main_thread:
-            utime_delta, stime_delta = self._get_cputime()
+        if self.usage_start and is_main_thread:
+            rusage = get_thread_resource_usage()
+            assert rusage is not None
+            utime_delta, stime_delta = self._get_cputime(rusage)
             res.ru_utime += utime_delta
             res.ru_stime += stime_delta
 
         return res
 
-    def _get_cputime(self) -> Tuple[float, float]:
-        """Get the cpu usage time so far
+    def _get_cputime(self, current: "resource._RUsage") -> Tuple[float, float]:
+        """Get the cpu usage time between start() and the given rusage
+
+        Args:
+            rusage: the current resource usage
 
         Returns: Tuple[float, float]: seconds in user mode, seconds in system mode
         """
         assert self.usage_start is not None
 
-        current = get_thread_resource_usage()
-
-        # Indicate to mypy that we know that self.usage_start is None.
-        assert self.usage_start is not None
-
         utime_delta = current.ru_utime - self.usage_start.ru_utime
         stime_delta = current.ru_stime - self.usage_start.ru_stime
 
@@ -492,7 +498,7 @@ class LoggingContextFilter(logging.Filter):
         Returns:
             True to include the record in the log output.
         """
-        context = LoggingContext.current_context()
+        context = current_context()
         for key, value in self.defaults.items():
             setattr(record, key, value)
 
@@ -512,27 +518,24 @@ class PreserveLoggingContext(object):
 
     __slots__ = ["current_context", "new_context", "has_parent"]
 
-    def __init__(self, new_context: Optional[LoggingContextOrSentinel] = None) -> None:
-        if new_context is None:
-            self.new_context = LoggingContext.sentinel  # type: LoggingContextOrSentinel
-        else:
-            self.new_context = new_context
+    def __init__(
+        self, new_context: LoggingContextOrSentinel = SENTINEL_CONTEXT
+    ) -> None:
+        self.new_context = new_context
 
     def __enter__(self) -> None:
         """Captures the current logging context"""
-        self.current_context = LoggingContext.set_current_context(self.new_context)
+        self.current_context = set_current_context(self.new_context)
 
         if self.current_context:
             self.has_parent = self.current_context.previous_context is not None
-            if not self.current_context.alive:
-                logger.debug("Entering dead context: %s", self.current_context)
 
     def __exit__(self, type, value, traceback) -> None:
         """Restores the current logging context"""
-        context = LoggingContext.set_current_context(self.current_context)
+        context = set_current_context(self.current_context)
 
         if context != self.new_context:
-            if context is LoggingContext.sentinel:
+            if not context:
                 logger.warning("Expected logging context %s was lost", self.new_context)
             else:
                 logger.warning(
@@ -541,9 +544,37 @@ class PreserveLoggingContext(object):
                     context,
                 )
 
-        if self.current_context is not LoggingContext.sentinel:
-            if not self.current_context.alive:
-                logger.debug("Restoring dead context: %s", self.current_context)
+
+_thread_local = threading.local()
+_thread_local.current_context = SENTINEL_CONTEXT
+
+
+def current_context() -> LoggingContextOrSentinel:
+    """Get the current logging context from thread local storage"""
+    return getattr(_thread_local, "current_context", SENTINEL_CONTEXT)
+
+
+def set_current_context(context: LoggingContextOrSentinel) -> LoggingContextOrSentinel:
+    """Set the current logging context in thread local storage
+    Args:
+        context(LoggingContext): The context to activate.
+    Returns:
+        The context that was previously active
+    """
+    # everything blows up if we allow current_context to be set to None, so sanity-check
+    # that now.
+    if context is None:
+        raise TypeError("'context' argument may not be None")
+
+    current = current_context()
+
+    if current is not context:
+        rusage = get_thread_resource_usage()
+        current.stop(rusage)
+        _thread_local.current_context = context
+        context.start(rusage)
+
+    return current
 
 
 def nested_logging_context(
@@ -572,7 +603,7 @@ def nested_logging_context(
     if parent_context is not None:
         context = parent_context  # type: LoggingContextOrSentinel
     else:
-        context = LoggingContext.current_context()
+        context = current_context()
     return LoggingContext(
         parent_context=context, request=str(context.request) + "-" + suffix
     )
@@ -604,7 +635,7 @@ def run_in_background(f, *args, **kwargs):
     CRITICAL error about an unhandled error will be logged without much
     indication about where it came from.
     """
-    current = LoggingContext.current_context()
+    current = current_context()
     try:
         res = f(*args, **kwargs)
     except:  # noqa: E722
@@ -625,7 +656,7 @@ def run_in_background(f, *args, **kwargs):
 
     # The function may have reset the context before returning, so
     # we need to restore it now.
-    ctx = LoggingContext.set_current_context(current)
+    ctx = set_current_context(current)
 
     # The original context will be restored when the deferred
     # completes, but there is nothing waiting for it, so it will
@@ -674,7 +705,7 @@ def make_deferred_yieldable(deferred):
 
     # ok, we can't be sure that a yield won't block, so let's reset the
     # logcontext, and add a callback to the deferred to restore it.
-    prev_context = LoggingContext.set_current_context(LoggingContext.sentinel)
+    prev_context = set_current_context(SENTINEL_CONTEXT)
     deferred.addBoth(_set_context_cb, prev_context)
     return deferred
 
@@ -684,7 +715,7 @@ ResultT = TypeVar("ResultT")
 
 def _set_context_cb(result: ResultT, context: LoggingContext) -> ResultT:
     """A callback function which just sets the logging context"""
-    LoggingContext.set_current_context(context)
+    set_current_context(context)
     return result
 
 
@@ -752,7 +783,7 @@ def defer_to_threadpool(reactor, threadpool, f, *args, **kwargs):
         Deferred: A Deferred which fires a callback with the result of `f`, or an
             errback if `f` throws an exception.
     """
-    logcontext = LoggingContext.current_context()
+    logcontext = current_context()
 
     def g():
         with LoggingContext(parent_context=logcontext):
diff --git a/synapse/logging/scopecontextmanager.py b/synapse/logging/scopecontextmanager.py
index 4eed4f2338..dc3ab00cbb 100644
--- a/synapse/logging/scopecontextmanager.py
+++ b/synapse/logging/scopecontextmanager.py
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ from opentracing import Scope, ScopeManager
 
 import twisted
 
-from synapse.logging.context import LoggingContext, nested_logging_context
+from synapse.logging.context import current_context, nested_logging_context
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
@@ -49,11 +49,8 @@ class LogContextScopeManager(ScopeManager):
             (Scope) : the Scope that is active, or None if not
             available.
         """
-        ctx = LoggingContext.current_context()
-        if ctx is LoggingContext.sentinel:
-            return None
-        else:
-            return ctx.scope
+        ctx = current_context()
+        return ctx.scope
 
     def activate(self, span, finish_on_close):
         """
@@ -70,9 +67,9 @@ class LogContextScopeManager(ScopeManager):
         """
 
         enter_logcontext = False
-        ctx = LoggingContext.current_context()
+        ctx = current_context()
 
-        if ctx is LoggingContext.sentinel:
+        if not ctx:
             # We don't want this scope to affect.
             logger.error("Tried to activate scope outside of loggingcontext")
             return Scope(None, span)
diff --git a/synapse/module_api/__init__.py b/synapse/module_api/__init__.py
index c7fffd72f2..d678c0eb9b 100644
--- a/synapse/module_api/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/module_api/__init__.py
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ class ModuleApi(object):
             Deferred[str|None]: Canonical (case-corrected) user_id, or None
                if the user is not registered.
         """
-        return self._auth_handler.check_user_exists(user_id)
+        return defer.ensureDeferred(self._auth_handler.check_user_exists(user_id))
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def register(self, localpart, displayname=None, emails=[]):
@@ -196,7 +196,9 @@ class ModuleApi(object):
             yield self._hs.get_device_handler().delete_device(user_id, device_id)
         else:
             # no associated device. Just delete the access token.
-            yield self._auth_handler.delete_access_token(access_token)
+            yield defer.ensureDeferred(
+                self._auth_handler.delete_access_token(access_token)
+            )
 
     def run_db_interaction(self, desc, func, *args, **kwargs):
         """Run a function with a database connection
@@ -220,6 +222,26 @@ class ModuleApi(object):
         want their access token sent to `client_redirect_url`, or redirect them to that
         URL with a token directly if the URL matches with one of the whitelisted clients.
 
+        This is deprecated in favor of complete_sso_login_async.
+
+        Args:
+            registered_user_id: The MXID that has been registered as a previous step of
+                of this SSO login.
+            request: The request to respond to.
+            client_redirect_url: The URL to which to offer to redirect the user (or to
+                redirect them directly if whitelisted).
+        """
+        self._auth_handler._complete_sso_login(
+            registered_user_id, request, client_redirect_url,
+        )
+
+    async def complete_sso_login_async(
+        self, registered_user_id: str, request: SynapseRequest, client_redirect_url: str
+    ):
+        """Complete a SSO login by redirecting the user to a page to confirm whether they
+        want their access token sent to `client_redirect_url`, or redirect them to that
+        URL with a token directly if the URL matches with one of the whitelisted clients.
+
         Args:
             registered_user_id: The MXID that has been registered as a previous step of
                 of this SSO login.
@@ -227,6 +249,6 @@ class ModuleApi(object):
             client_redirect_url: The URL to which to offer to redirect the user (or to
                 redirect them directly if whitelisted).
         """
-        self._auth_handler.complete_sso_login(
+        await self._auth_handler.complete_sso_login(
             registered_user_id, request, client_redirect_url,
         )
diff --git a/synapse/python_dependencies.py b/synapse/python_dependencies.py
index 8de8cb2c12..733c51b758 100644
--- a/synapse/python_dependencies.py
+++ b/synapse/python_dependencies.py
@@ -98,6 +98,7 @@ CONDITIONAL_REQUIREMENTS = {
     "sentry": ["sentry-sdk>=0.7.2"],
     "opentracing": ["jaeger-client>=4.0.0", "opentracing>=2.2.0"],
     "jwt": ["pyjwt>=1.6.4"],
+    "redis": ["txredisapi>=1.4.7"],
 }
 
 ALL_OPTIONAL_REQUIREMENTS = set()  # type: Set[str]
diff --git a/synapse/replication/http/__init__.py b/synapse/replication/http/__init__.py
index 28dbc6fcba..4613b2538c 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/http/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/http/__init__.py
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ from synapse.replication.http import (
     membership,
     register,
     send_event,
+    streams,
 )
 
 REPLICATION_PREFIX = "/_synapse/replication"
@@ -38,3 +39,4 @@ class ReplicationRestResource(JsonResource):
         login.register_servlets(hs, self)
         register.register_servlets(hs, self)
         devices.register_servlets(hs, self)
+        streams.register_servlets(hs, self)
diff --git a/synapse/replication/http/streams.py b/synapse/replication/http/streams.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ffd4c61993
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/replication/http/streams.py
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+import logging
+
+from synapse.api.errors import SynapseError
+from synapse.http.servlet import parse_integer
+from synapse.replication.http._base import ReplicationEndpoint
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class ReplicationGetStreamUpdates(ReplicationEndpoint):
+    """Fetches stream updates from a server. Used for streams not persisted to
+    the database, e.g. typing notifications.
+
+    The API looks like:
+
+        GET /_synapse/replication/get_repl_stream_updates/events?from_token=0&to_token=10&limit=100
+
+        200 OK
+
+        {
+            updates: [ ... ],
+            upto_token: 10,
+            limited: False,
+        }
+
+    """
+
+    NAME = "get_repl_stream_updates"
+    PATH_ARGS = ("stream_name",)
+    METHOD = "GET"
+
+    def __init__(self, hs):
+        super().__init__(hs)
+
+        # We pull the streams from the replication steamer (if we try and make
+        # them ourselves we end up in an import loop).
+        self.streams = hs.get_replication_streamer().get_streams()
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _serialize_payload(stream_name, from_token, upto_token, limit):
+        return {"from_token": from_token, "upto_token": upto_token, "limit": limit}
+
+    async def _handle_request(self, request, stream_name):
+        stream = self.streams.get(stream_name)
+        if stream is None:
+            raise SynapseError(400, "Unknown stream")
+
+        from_token = parse_integer(request, "from_token", required=True)
+        upto_token = parse_integer(request, "upto_token", required=True)
+        limit = parse_integer(request, "limit", required=True)
+
+        updates, upto_token, limited = await stream.get_updates_since(
+            from_token, upto_token, limit
+        )
+
+        return (
+            200,
+            {"updates": updates, "upto_token": upto_token, "limited": limited},
+        )
+
+
+def register_servlets(hs, http_server):
+    ReplicationGetStreamUpdates(hs).register(http_server)
diff --git a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/_base.py b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/_base.py
index f45cbd37a0..751c799d94 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/_base.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/_base.py
@@ -18,8 +18,10 @@ from typing import Dict, Optional
 
 import six
 
-from synapse.storage._base import SQLBaseStore
-from synapse.storage.data_stores.main.cache import CURRENT_STATE_CACHE_NAME
+from synapse.storage.data_stores.main.cache import (
+    CURRENT_STATE_CACHE_NAME,
+    CacheInvalidationWorkerStore,
+)
 from synapse.storage.database import Database
 from synapse.storage.engines import PostgresEngine
 
@@ -35,7 +37,7 @@ def __func__(inp):
         return inp.__func__
 
 
-class BaseSlavedStore(SQLBaseStore):
+class BaseSlavedStore(CacheInvalidationWorkerStore):
     def __init__(self, database: Database, db_conn, hs):
         super(BaseSlavedStore, self).__init__(database, db_conn, hs)
         if isinstance(self.database_engine, PostgresEngine):
@@ -60,6 +62,12 @@ class BaseSlavedStore(SQLBaseStore):
             pos["caches"] = self._cache_id_gen.get_current_token()
         return pos
 
+    def get_cache_stream_token(self):
+        if self._cache_id_gen:
+            return self._cache_id_gen.get_current_token()
+        else:
+            return 0
+
     def process_replication_rows(self, stream_name, token, rows):
         if stream_name == "caches":
             if self._cache_id_gen:
diff --git a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/devices.py b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/devices.py
index 1c77687eea..23b1650e41 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/devices.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/devices.py
@@ -29,7 +29,13 @@ class SlavedDeviceStore(EndToEndKeyWorkerStore, DeviceWorkerStore, BaseSlavedSto
         self.hs = hs
 
         self._device_list_id_gen = SlavedIdTracker(
-            db_conn, "device_lists_stream", "stream_id"
+            db_conn,
+            "device_lists_stream",
+            "stream_id",
+            extra_tables=[
+                ("user_signature_stream", "stream_id"),
+                ("device_lists_outbound_pokes", "stream_id"),
+            ],
         )
         device_list_max = self._device_list_id_gen.get_current_token()
         self._device_list_stream_cache = StreamChangeCache(
@@ -55,23 +61,27 @@ class SlavedDeviceStore(EndToEndKeyWorkerStore, DeviceWorkerStore, BaseSlavedSto
     def process_replication_rows(self, stream_name, token, rows):
         if stream_name == DeviceListsStream.NAME:
             self._device_list_id_gen.advance(token)
-            for row in rows:
-                self._invalidate_caches_for_devices(token, row.user_id, row.destination)
+            self._invalidate_caches_for_devices(token, rows)
         elif stream_name == UserSignatureStream.NAME:
+            self._device_list_id_gen.advance(token)
             for row in rows:
                 self._user_signature_stream_cache.entity_has_changed(row.user_id, token)
         return super(SlavedDeviceStore, self).process_replication_rows(
             stream_name, token, rows
         )
 
-    def _invalidate_caches_for_devices(self, token, user_id, destination):
-        self._device_list_stream_cache.entity_has_changed(user_id, token)
-
-        if destination:
-            self._device_list_federation_stream_cache.entity_has_changed(
-                destination, token
-            )
+    def _invalidate_caches_for_devices(self, token, rows):
+        for row in rows:
+            # The entities are either user IDs (starting with '@') whose devices
+            # have changed, or remote servers that we need to tell about
+            # changes.
+            if row.entity.startswith("@"):
+                self._device_list_stream_cache.entity_has_changed(row.entity, token)
+                self.get_cached_devices_for_user.invalidate((row.entity,))
+                self._get_cached_user_device.invalidate_many((row.entity,))
+                self.get_device_list_last_stream_id_for_remote.invalidate((row.entity,))
 
-        self.get_cached_devices_for_user.invalidate((user_id,))
-        self._get_cached_user_device.invalidate_many((user_id,))
-        self.get_device_list_last_stream_id_for_remote.invalidate((user_id,))
+            else:
+                self._device_list_federation_stream_cache.entity_has_changed(
+                    row.entity, token
+                )
diff --git a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/pushers.py b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/pushers.py
index f22c2d44a3..bce8a3d115 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/pushers.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/pushers.py
@@ -33,6 +33,9 @@ class SlavedPusherStore(PusherWorkerStore, BaseSlavedStore):
         result["pushers"] = self._pushers_id_gen.get_current_token()
         return result
 
+    def get_pushers_stream_token(self):
+        return self._pushers_id_gen.get_current_token()
+
     def process_replication_rows(self, stream_name, token, rows):
         if stream_name == "pushers":
             self._pushers_id_gen.advance(token)
diff --git a/synapse/replication/tcp/__init__.py b/synapse/replication/tcp/__init__.py
index 81c2ea7ee9..523a1358d4 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/tcp/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/tcp/__init__.py
@@ -20,11 +20,31 @@ Further details can be found in docs/tcp_replication.rst
 
 
 Structure of the module:
- * client.py   - the client classes used for workers to connect to master
+ * handler.py  - the classes used to handle sending/receiving commands to
+                 replication
  * command.py  - the definitions of all the valid commands
- * protocol.py - contains bot the client and server protocol implementations,
-                 these should not be used directly
- * resource.py - the server classes that accepts and handle client connections
- * streams.py  - the definitons of all the valid streams
+ * protocol.py - the TCP protocol classes
+ * resource.py - handles streaming stream updates to replications
+ * streams/    - the definitons of all the valid streams
 
+
+The general interaction of the classes are:
+
+        +---------------------+
+        | ReplicationStreamer |
+        +---------------------+
+                    |
+                    v
+        +---------------------------+     +----------------------+
+        | ReplicationCommandHandler |---->|ReplicationDataHandler|
+        +---------------------------+     +----------------------+
+                    | ^
+                    v |
+            +-------------+
+            | Protocols   |
+            | (TCP/redis) |
+            +-------------+
+
+Where the ReplicationDataHandler (or subclasses) handles incoming stream
+updates.
 """
diff --git a/synapse/replication/tcp/client.py b/synapse/replication/tcp/client.py
index 02ab5b66ea..2d07b8b2d0 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/tcp/client.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/tcp/client.py
@@ -16,45 +16,40 @@
 """
 
 import logging
-from typing import Dict, List, Optional
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Dict
 
-from twisted.internet import defer
 from twisted.internet.protocol import ReconnectingClientFactory
 
 from synapse.replication.slave.storage._base import BaseSlavedStore
-from synapse.replication.tcp.protocol import (
-    AbstractReplicationClientHandler,
-    ClientReplicationStreamProtocol,
-)
-
-from .commands import (
-    Command,
-    FederationAckCommand,
-    InvalidateCacheCommand,
-    RemoteServerUpCommand,
-    RemovePusherCommand,
-    UserIpCommand,
-    UserSyncCommand,
-)
+from synapse.replication.tcp.protocol import ClientReplicationStreamProtocol
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from synapse.server import HomeServer
+    from synapse.replication.tcp.handler import ReplicationCommandHandler
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
-class ReplicationClientFactory(ReconnectingClientFactory):
+class DirectTcpReplicationClientFactory(ReconnectingClientFactory):
     """Factory for building connections to the master. Will reconnect if the
     connection is lost.
 
-    Accepts a handler that will be called when new data is available or data
-    is required.
+    Accepts a handler that is passed to `ClientReplicationStreamProtocol`.
     """
 
     initialDelay = 0.1
     maxDelay = 1  # Try at least once every N seconds
 
-    def __init__(self, hs, client_name, handler: AbstractReplicationClientHandler):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        hs: "HomeServer",
+        client_name: str,
+        command_handler: "ReplicationCommandHandler",
+    ):
         self.client_name = client_name
-        self.handler = handler
+        self.command_handler = command_handler
         self.server_name = hs.config.server_name
+        self.hs = hs
         self._clock = hs.get_clock()  # As self.clock is defined in super class
 
         hs.get_reactor().addSystemEventTrigger("before", "shutdown", self.stopTrying)
@@ -65,7 +60,11 @@ class ReplicationClientFactory(ReconnectingClientFactory):
     def buildProtocol(self, addr):
         logger.info("Connected to replication: %r", addr)
         return ClientReplicationStreamProtocol(
-            self.client_name, self.server_name, self._clock, self.handler
+            self.hs,
+            self.client_name,
+            self.server_name,
+            self._clock,
+            self.command_handler,
         )
 
     def clientConnectionLost(self, connector, reason):
@@ -77,41 +76,17 @@ class ReplicationClientFactory(ReconnectingClientFactory):
         ReconnectingClientFactory.clientConnectionFailed(self, connector, reason)
 
 
-class ReplicationClientHandler(AbstractReplicationClientHandler):
-    """A base handler that can be passed to the ReplicationClientFactory.
+class ReplicationDataHandler:
+    """Handles incoming stream updates from replication.
 
-    By default proxies incoming replication data to the SlaveStore.
+    This instance notifies the slave data store about updates. Can be subclassed
+    to handle updates in additional ways.
     """
 
     def __init__(self, store: BaseSlavedStore):
         self.store = store
 
-        # The current connection. None if we are currently (re)connecting
-        self.connection = None
-
-        # Any pending commands to be sent once a new connection has been
-        # established
-        self.pending_commands = []  # type: List[Command]
-
-        # Map from string -> deferred, to wake up when receiveing a SYNC with
-        # the given string.
-        # Used for tests.
-        self.awaiting_syncs = {}  # type: Dict[str, defer.Deferred]
-
-        # The factory used to create connections.
-        self.factory = None  # type: Optional[ReplicationClientFactory]
-
-    def start_replication(self, hs):
-        """Helper method to start a replication connection to the remote server
-        using TCP.
-        """
-        client_name = hs.config.worker_name
-        self.factory = ReplicationClientFactory(hs, client_name, self)
-        host = hs.config.worker_replication_host
-        port = hs.config.worker_replication_port
-        hs.get_reactor().connectTCP(host, port, self.factory)
-
-    async def on_rdata(self, stream_name, token, rows):
+    async def on_rdata(self, stream_name: str, token: int, rows: list):
         """Called to handle a batch of replication data with a given stream token.
 
         By default this just pokes the slave store. Can be overridden in subclasses to
@@ -123,30 +98,8 @@ class ReplicationClientHandler(AbstractReplicationClientHandler):
             rows (list): a list of Stream.ROW_TYPE objects as returned by
                 Stream.parse_row.
         """
-        logger.debug("Received rdata %s -> %s", stream_name, token)
         self.store.process_replication_rows(stream_name, token, rows)
 
-    async def on_position(self, stream_name, token):
-        """Called when we get new position data. By default this just pokes
-        the slave store.
-
-        Can be overriden in subclasses to handle more.
-        """
-        self.store.process_replication_rows(stream_name, token, [])
-
-    def on_sync(self, data):
-        """When we received a SYNC we wake up any deferreds that were waiting
-        for the sync with the given data.
-
-        Used by tests.
-        """
-        d = self.awaiting_syncs.pop(data, None)
-        if d:
-            d.callback(data)
-
-    def on_remote_server_up(self, server: str):
-        """Called when get a new REMOTE_SERVER_UP command."""
-
     def get_streams_to_replicate(self) -> Dict[str, int]:
         """Called when a new connection has been established and we need to
         subscribe to streams.
@@ -162,83 +115,10 @@ class ReplicationClientHandler(AbstractReplicationClientHandler):
             args["account_data"] = user_account_data
         elif room_account_data:
             args["account_data"] = room_account_data
-
         return args
 
-    def get_currently_syncing_users(self):
-        """Get the list of currently syncing users (if any). This is called
-        when a connection has been established and we need to send the
-        currently syncing users. (Overriden by the synchrotron's only)
-        """
-        return []
-
-    def send_command(self, cmd):
-        """Send a command to master (when we get establish a connection if we
-        don't have one already.)
-        """
-        if self.connection:
-            self.connection.send_command(cmd)
-        else:
-            logger.warning("Queuing command as not connected: %r", cmd.NAME)
-            self.pending_commands.append(cmd)
-
-    def send_federation_ack(self, token):
-        """Ack data for the federation stream. This allows the master to drop
-        data stored purely in memory.
-        """
-        self.send_command(FederationAckCommand(token))
-
-    def send_user_sync(self, user_id, is_syncing, last_sync_ms):
-        """Poke the master that a user has started/stopped syncing.
-        """
-        self.send_command(UserSyncCommand(user_id, is_syncing, last_sync_ms))
-
-    def send_remove_pusher(self, app_id, push_key, user_id):
-        """Poke the master to remove a pusher for a user
-        """
-        cmd = RemovePusherCommand(app_id, push_key, user_id)
-        self.send_command(cmd)
-
-    def send_invalidate_cache(self, cache_func, keys):
-        """Poke the master to invalidate a cache.
-        """
-        cmd = InvalidateCacheCommand(cache_func.__name__, keys)
-        self.send_command(cmd)
-
-    def send_user_ip(self, user_id, access_token, ip, user_agent, device_id, last_seen):
-        """Tell the master that the user made a request.
-        """
-        cmd = UserIpCommand(user_id, access_token, ip, user_agent, device_id, last_seen)
-        self.send_command(cmd)
-
-    def send_remote_server_up(self, server: str):
-        self.send_command(RemoteServerUpCommand(server))
-
-    def await_sync(self, data):
-        """Returns a deferred that is resolved when we receive a SYNC command
-        with given data.
-
-        [Not currently] used by tests.
-        """
-        return self.awaiting_syncs.setdefault(data, defer.Deferred())
-
-    def update_connection(self, connection):
-        """Called when a connection has been established (or lost with None).
-        """
-        self.connection = connection
-        if connection:
-            for cmd in self.pending_commands:
-                connection.send_command(cmd)
-            self.pending_commands = []
-
-    def finished_connecting(self):
-        """Called when we have successfully subscribed and caught up to all
-        streams we're interested in.
-        """
-        logger.info("Finished connecting to server")
+    async def on_position(self, stream_name: str, token: int):
+        self.store.process_replication_rows(stream_name, token, [])
 
-        # We don't reset the delay any earlier as otherwise if there is a
-        # problem during start up we'll end up tight looping connecting to the
-        # server.
-        if self.factory:
-            self.factory.resetDelay()
+    def on_remote_server_up(self, server: str):
+        """Called when get a new REMOTE_SERVER_UP command."""
diff --git a/synapse/replication/tcp/commands.py b/synapse/replication/tcp/commands.py
index 451671412d..5002efe6a0 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/tcp/commands.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/tcp/commands.py
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
 The VALID_SERVER_COMMANDS and VALID_CLIENT_COMMANDS define which commands are
 allowed to be sent by which side.
 """
-
+import abc
 import logging
 import platform
 from typing import Tuple, Type
@@ -34,34 +34,29 @@ else:
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
-class Command(object):
+class Command(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
     """The base command class.
 
     All subclasses must set the NAME variable which equates to the name of the
     command on the wire.
 
     A full command line on the wire is constructed from `NAME + " " + to_line()`
-
-    The default implementation creates a command of form `<NAME> <data>`
     """
 
     NAME = None  # type: str
 
-    def __init__(self, data):
-        self.data = data
-
     @classmethod
+    @abc.abstractmethod
     def from_line(cls, line):
         """Deserialises a line from the wire into this command. `line` does not
         include the command.
         """
-        return cls(line)
 
-    def to_line(self):
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def to_line(self) -> str:
         """Serialises the comamnd for the wire. Does not include the command
         prefix.
         """
-        return self.data
 
     def get_logcontext_id(self):
         """Get a suitable string for the logcontext when processing this command"""
@@ -70,7 +65,21 @@ class Command(object):
         return self.NAME
 
 
-class ServerCommand(Command):
+class _SimpleCommand(Command):
+    """An implementation of Command whose argument is just a 'data' string."""
+
+    def __init__(self, data):
+        self.data = data
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_line(cls, line):
+        return cls(line)
+
+    def to_line(self) -> str:
+        return self.data
+
+
+class ServerCommand(_SimpleCommand):
     """Sent by the server on new connection and includes the server_name.
 
     Format::
@@ -136,8 +145,8 @@ class PositionCommand(Command):
     """Sent by the server to tell the client the stream postition without
     needing to send an RDATA.
 
-    Sent to the client after all missing updates for a stream have been sent
-    to the client and they're now up to date.
+    On receipt of a POSITION command clients should check if they have missed
+    any updates, and if so then fetch them out of band.
     """
 
     NAME = "POSITION"
@@ -155,7 +164,7 @@ class PositionCommand(Command):
         return " ".join((self.stream_name, str(self.token)))
 
 
-class ErrorCommand(Command):
+class ErrorCommand(_SimpleCommand):
     """Sent by either side if there was an ERROR. The data is a string describing
     the error.
     """
@@ -163,14 +172,14 @@ class ErrorCommand(Command):
     NAME = "ERROR"
 
 
-class PingCommand(Command):
+class PingCommand(_SimpleCommand):
     """Sent by either side as a keep alive. The data is arbitary (often timestamp)
     """
 
     NAME = "PING"
 
 
-class NameCommand(Command):
+class NameCommand(_SimpleCommand):
     """Sent by client to inform the server of the client's identity. The data
     is the name
     """
@@ -179,42 +188,24 @@ class NameCommand(Command):
 
 
 class ReplicateCommand(Command):
-    """Sent by the client to subscribe to the stream.
+    """Sent by the client to subscribe to streams.
 
     Format::
 
-        REPLICATE <stream_name> <token>
-
-    Where <token> may be either:
-        * a numeric stream_id to stream updates from
-        * "NOW" to stream all subsequent updates.
-
-    The <stream_name> can be "ALL" to subscribe to all known streams, in which
-    case the <token> must be set to "NOW", i.e.::
-
-        REPLICATE ALL NOW
+        REPLICATE
     """
 
     NAME = "REPLICATE"
 
-    def __init__(self, stream_name, token):
-        self.stream_name = stream_name
-        self.token = token
+    def __init__(self):
+        pass
 
     @classmethod
     def from_line(cls, line):
-        stream_name, token = line.split(" ", 1)
-        if token in ("NOW", "now"):
-            token = "NOW"
-        else:
-            token = int(token)
-        return cls(stream_name, token)
+        return cls()
 
     def to_line(self):
-        return " ".join((self.stream_name, str(self.token)))
-
-    def get_logcontext_id(self):
-        return "REPLICATE-" + self.stream_name
+        return ""
 
 
 class UserSyncCommand(Command):
@@ -225,30 +216,32 @@ class UserSyncCommand(Command):
 
     Format::
 
-        USER_SYNC <user_id> <state> <last_sync_ms>
+        USER_SYNC <instance_id> <user_id> <state> <last_sync_ms>
 
     Where <state> is either "start" or "stop"
     """
 
     NAME = "USER_SYNC"
 
-    def __init__(self, user_id, is_syncing, last_sync_ms):
+    def __init__(self, instance_id, user_id, is_syncing, last_sync_ms):
+        self.instance_id = instance_id
         self.user_id = user_id
         self.is_syncing = is_syncing
         self.last_sync_ms = last_sync_ms
 
     @classmethod
     def from_line(cls, line):
-        user_id, state, last_sync_ms = line.split(" ", 2)
+        instance_id, user_id, state, last_sync_ms = line.split(" ", 3)
 
         if state not in ("start", "end"):
             raise Exception("Invalid USER_SYNC state %r" % (state,))
 
-        return cls(user_id, state == "start", int(last_sync_ms))
+        return cls(instance_id, user_id, state == "start", int(last_sync_ms))
 
     def to_line(self):
         return " ".join(
             (
+                self.instance_id,
                 self.user_id,
                 "start" if self.is_syncing else "end",
                 str(self.last_sync_ms),
@@ -256,6 +249,30 @@ class UserSyncCommand(Command):
         )
 
 
+class ClearUserSyncsCommand(Command):
+    """Sent by the client to inform the server that it should drop all
+    information about syncing users sent by the client.
+
+    Mainly used when client is about to shut down.
+
+    Format::
+
+        CLEAR_USER_SYNC <instance_id>
+    """
+
+    NAME = "CLEAR_USER_SYNC"
+
+    def __init__(self, instance_id):
+        self.instance_id = instance_id
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_line(cls, line):
+        return cls(line)
+
+    def to_line(self):
+        return self.instance_id
+
+
 class FederationAckCommand(Command):
     """Sent by the client when it has processed up to a given point in the
     federation stream. This allows the master to drop in-memory caches of the
@@ -281,14 +298,6 @@ class FederationAckCommand(Command):
         return str(self.token)
 
 
-class SyncCommand(Command):
-    """Used for testing. The client protocol implementation allows waiting
-    on a SYNC command with a specified data.
-    """
-
-    NAME = "SYNC"
-
-
 class RemovePusherCommand(Command):
     """Sent by the client to request the master remove the given pusher.
 
@@ -387,7 +396,7 @@ class UserIpCommand(Command):
         )
 
 
-class RemoteServerUpCommand(Command):
+class RemoteServerUpCommand(_SimpleCommand):
     """Sent when a worker has detected that a remote server is no longer
     "down" and retry timings should be reset.
 
@@ -411,11 +420,11 @@ _COMMANDS = (
     ReplicateCommand,
     UserSyncCommand,
     FederationAckCommand,
-    SyncCommand,
     RemovePusherCommand,
     InvalidateCacheCommand,
     UserIpCommand,
     RemoteServerUpCommand,
+    ClearUserSyncsCommand,
 )  # type: Tuple[Type[Command], ...]
 
 # Map of command name to command type.
@@ -428,7 +437,6 @@ VALID_SERVER_COMMANDS = (
     PositionCommand.NAME,
     ErrorCommand.NAME,
     PingCommand.NAME,
-    SyncCommand.NAME,
     RemoteServerUpCommand.NAME,
 )
 
@@ -438,6 +446,7 @@ VALID_CLIENT_COMMANDS = (
     ReplicateCommand.NAME,
     PingCommand.NAME,
     UserSyncCommand.NAME,
+    ClearUserSyncsCommand.NAME,
     FederationAckCommand.NAME,
     RemovePusherCommand.NAME,
     InvalidateCacheCommand.NAME,
@@ -445,3 +454,21 @@ VALID_CLIENT_COMMANDS = (
     ErrorCommand.NAME,
     RemoteServerUpCommand.NAME,
 )
+
+
+def parse_command_from_line(line: str) -> Command:
+    """Parses a command from a received line.
+
+    Line should already be stripped of whitespace and be checked if blank.
+    """
+
+    idx = line.index(" ")
+    if idx >= 0:
+        cmd_name = line[:idx]
+        rest_of_line = line[idx + 1 :]
+    else:
+        cmd_name = line
+        rest_of_line = ""
+
+    cmd_cls = COMMAND_MAP[cmd_name]
+    return cmd_cls.from_line(rest_of_line)
diff --git a/synapse/replication/tcp/handler.py b/synapse/replication/tcp/handler.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5b5ee2c13e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/replication/tcp/handler.py
@@ -0,0 +1,505 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# Copyright 2017 Vector Creations Ltd
+# Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+import logging
+from typing import (
+    Any,
+    Callable,
+    Dict,
+    Iterable,
+    Iterator,
+    List,
+    Optional,
+    Set,
+    Tuple,
+    TypeVar,
+)
+
+from prometheus_client import Counter
+
+from twisted.internet.protocol import ReconnectingClientFactory
+
+from synapse.metrics import LaterGauge
+from synapse.replication.tcp.client import DirectTcpReplicationClientFactory
+from synapse.replication.tcp.commands import (
+    ClearUserSyncsCommand,
+    Command,
+    FederationAckCommand,
+    InvalidateCacheCommand,
+    PositionCommand,
+    RdataCommand,
+    RemoteServerUpCommand,
+    RemovePusherCommand,
+    ReplicateCommand,
+    UserIpCommand,
+    UserSyncCommand,
+)
+from synapse.replication.tcp.protocol import AbstractConnection
+from synapse.replication.tcp.streams import STREAMS_MAP, Stream
+from synapse.util.async_helpers import Linearizer
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+# number of updates received for each RDATA stream
+inbound_rdata_count = Counter(
+    "synapse_replication_tcp_protocol_inbound_rdata_count", "", ["stream_name"]
+)
+user_sync_counter = Counter("synapse_replication_tcp_resource_user_sync", "")
+federation_ack_counter = Counter("synapse_replication_tcp_resource_federation_ack", "")
+remove_pusher_counter = Counter("synapse_replication_tcp_resource_remove_pusher", "")
+invalidate_cache_counter = Counter(
+    "synapse_replication_tcp_resource_invalidate_cache", ""
+)
+user_ip_cache_counter = Counter("synapse_replication_tcp_resource_user_ip_cache", "")
+
+
+class ReplicationCommandHandler:
+    """Handles incoming commands from replication as well as sending commands
+    back out to connections.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, hs):
+        self._replication_data_handler = hs.get_replication_data_handler()
+        self._presence_handler = hs.get_presence_handler()
+        self._store = hs.get_datastore()
+        self._notifier = hs.get_notifier()
+        self._clock = hs.get_clock()
+        self._instance_id = hs.get_instance_id()
+
+        # Set of streams that we've caught up with.
+        self._streams_connected = set()  # type: Set[str]
+
+        self._streams = {
+            stream.NAME: stream(hs) for stream in STREAMS_MAP.values()
+        }  # type: Dict[str, Stream]
+
+        self._position_linearizer = Linearizer("replication_position")
+
+        # Map of stream to batched updates. See RdataCommand for info on how
+        # batching works.
+        self._pending_batches = {}  # type: Dict[str, List[Any]]
+
+        # The factory used to create connections.
+        self._factory = None  # type: Optional[ReconnectingClientFactory]
+
+        # The currently connected connections.
+        self._connections = []  # type: List[AbstractConnection]
+
+        LaterGauge(
+            "synapse_replication_tcp_resource_total_connections",
+            "",
+            [],
+            lambda: len(self._connections),
+        )
+
+        self._is_master = hs.config.worker_app is None
+
+        self._federation_sender = None
+        if self._is_master and not hs.config.send_federation:
+            self._federation_sender = hs.get_federation_sender()
+
+        self._server_notices_sender = None
+        if self._is_master:
+            self._server_notices_sender = hs.get_server_notices_sender()
+            self._notifier.add_remote_server_up_callback(self.send_remote_server_up)
+
+    def start_replication(self, hs):
+        """Helper method to start a replication connection to the remote server
+        using TCP.
+        """
+        if hs.config.redis.redis_enabled:
+            from synapse.replication.tcp.redis import (
+                RedisDirectTcpReplicationClientFactory,
+            )
+            import txredisapi
+
+            logger.info(
+                "Connecting to redis (host=%r port=%r DBID=%r)",
+                hs.config.redis_host,
+                hs.config.redis_port,
+                hs.config.redis_dbid,
+            )
+
+            # We need two connections to redis, one for the subscription stream and
+            # one to send commands to (as you can't send further redis commands to a
+            # connection after SUBSCRIBE is called).
+
+            # First create the connection for sending commands.
+            outbound_redis_connection = txredisapi.lazyConnection(
+                host=hs.config.redis_host,
+                port=hs.config.redis_port,
+                dbid=hs.config.redis_dbid,
+                password=hs.config.redis.redis_password,
+                reconnect=True,
+            )
+
+            # Now create the factory/connection for the subscription stream.
+            self._factory = RedisDirectTcpReplicationClientFactory(
+                hs, outbound_redis_connection
+            )
+            hs.get_reactor().connectTCP(
+                hs.config.redis.redis_host, hs.config.redis.redis_port, self._factory,
+            )
+        else:
+            client_name = hs.config.worker_name
+            self._factory = DirectTcpReplicationClientFactory(hs, client_name, self)
+            host = hs.config.worker_replication_host
+            port = hs.config.worker_replication_port
+            hs.get_reactor().connectTCP(host, port, self._factory)
+
+    async def on_REPLICATE(self, cmd: ReplicateCommand):
+        # We only want to announce positions by the writer of the streams.
+        # Currently this is just the master process.
+        if not self._is_master:
+            return
+
+        for stream_name, stream in self._streams.items():
+            current_token = stream.current_token()
+            self.send_command(PositionCommand(stream_name, current_token))
+
+    async def on_USER_SYNC(self, cmd: UserSyncCommand):
+        user_sync_counter.inc()
+
+        if self._is_master:
+            await self._presence_handler.update_external_syncs_row(
+                cmd.instance_id, cmd.user_id, cmd.is_syncing, cmd.last_sync_ms
+            )
+
+    async def on_CLEAR_USER_SYNC(self, cmd: ClearUserSyncsCommand):
+        if self._is_master:
+            await self._presence_handler.update_external_syncs_clear(cmd.instance_id)
+
+    async def on_FEDERATION_ACK(self, cmd: FederationAckCommand):
+        federation_ack_counter.inc()
+
+        if self._federation_sender:
+            self._federation_sender.federation_ack(cmd.token)
+
+    async def on_REMOVE_PUSHER(self, cmd: RemovePusherCommand):
+        remove_pusher_counter.inc()
+
+        if self._is_master:
+            await self._store.delete_pusher_by_app_id_pushkey_user_id(
+                app_id=cmd.app_id, pushkey=cmd.push_key, user_id=cmd.user_id
+            )
+
+            self._notifier.on_new_replication_data()
+
+    async def on_INVALIDATE_CACHE(self, cmd: InvalidateCacheCommand):
+        invalidate_cache_counter.inc()
+
+        if self._is_master:
+            # We invalidate the cache locally, but then also stream that to other
+            # workers.
+            await self._store.invalidate_cache_and_stream(
+                cmd.cache_func, tuple(cmd.keys)
+            )
+
+    async def on_USER_IP(self, cmd: UserIpCommand):
+        user_ip_cache_counter.inc()
+
+        if self._is_master:
+            await self._store.insert_client_ip(
+                cmd.user_id,
+                cmd.access_token,
+                cmd.ip,
+                cmd.user_agent,
+                cmd.device_id,
+                cmd.last_seen,
+            )
+
+        if self._server_notices_sender:
+            await self._server_notices_sender.on_user_ip(cmd.user_id)
+
+    async def on_RDATA(self, cmd: RdataCommand):
+        stream_name = cmd.stream_name
+        inbound_rdata_count.labels(stream_name).inc()
+
+        try:
+            row = STREAMS_MAP[stream_name].parse_row(cmd.row)
+        except Exception:
+            logger.exception("Failed to parse RDATA: %r %r", stream_name, cmd.row)
+            raise
+
+        # We linearize here for two reasons:
+        #   1. so we don't try and concurrently handle multiple rows for the
+        #      same stream, and
+        #   2. so we don't race with getting a POSITION command and fetching
+        #      missing RDATA.
+        with await self._position_linearizer.queue(cmd.stream_name):
+            if stream_name not in self._streams_connected:
+                # If the stream isn't marked as connected then we haven't seen a
+                # `POSITION` command yet, and so we may have missed some rows.
+                # Let's drop the row for now, on the assumption we'll receive a
+                # `POSITION` soon and we'll catch up correctly then.
+                logger.warning(
+                    "Discarding RDATA for unconnected stream %s -> %s",
+                    stream_name,
+                    cmd.token,
+                )
+                return
+
+            if cmd.token is None:
+                # I.e. this is part of a batch of updates for this stream (in
+                # which case batch until we get an update for the stream with a non
+                # None token).
+                self._pending_batches.setdefault(stream_name, []).append(row)
+            else:
+                # Check if this is the last of a batch of updates
+                rows = self._pending_batches.pop(stream_name, [])
+                rows.append(row)
+                await self.on_rdata(stream_name, cmd.token, rows)
+
+    async def on_rdata(self, stream_name: str, token: int, rows: list):
+        """Called to handle a batch of replication data with a given stream token.
+
+        Args:
+            stream_name: name of the replication stream for this batch of rows
+            token: stream token for this batch of rows
+            rows: a list of Stream.ROW_TYPE objects as returned by
+                Stream.parse_row.
+        """
+        logger.debug("Received rdata %s -> %s", stream_name, token)
+        await self._replication_data_handler.on_rdata(stream_name, token, rows)
+
+    async def on_POSITION(self, cmd: PositionCommand):
+        stream = self._streams.get(cmd.stream_name)
+        if not stream:
+            logger.error("Got POSITION for unknown stream: %s", cmd.stream_name)
+            return
+
+        # We protect catching up with a linearizer in case the replication
+        # connection reconnects under us.
+        with await self._position_linearizer.queue(cmd.stream_name):
+            # We're about to go and catch up with the stream, so remove from set
+            # of connected streams.
+            self._streams_connected.discard(cmd.stream_name)
+
+            # We clear the pending batches for the stream as the fetching of the
+            # missing updates below will fetch all rows in the batch.
+            self._pending_batches.pop(cmd.stream_name, [])
+
+            # Find where we previously streamed up to.
+            current_token = self._replication_data_handler.get_streams_to_replicate().get(
+                cmd.stream_name
+            )
+            if current_token is None:
+                logger.warning(
+                    "Got POSITION for stream we're not subscribed to: %s",
+                    cmd.stream_name,
+                )
+                return
+
+            # If the position token matches our current token then we're up to
+            # date and there's nothing to do. Otherwise, fetch all updates
+            # between then and now.
+            missing_updates = cmd.token != current_token
+            while missing_updates:
+                (
+                    updates,
+                    current_token,
+                    missing_updates,
+                ) = await stream.get_updates_since(current_token, cmd.token)
+
+                # TODO: add some tests for this
+
+                # Some streams return multiple rows with the same stream IDs,
+                # which need to be processed in batches.
+
+                for token, rows in _batch_updates(updates):
+                    await self.on_rdata(
+                        cmd.stream_name, token, [stream.parse_row(row) for row in rows],
+                    )
+
+            # We've now caught up to position sent to us, notify handler.
+            await self._replication_data_handler.on_position(cmd.stream_name, cmd.token)
+
+            self._streams_connected.add(cmd.stream_name)
+
+    async def on_REMOTE_SERVER_UP(self, cmd: RemoteServerUpCommand):
+        """"Called when get a new REMOTE_SERVER_UP command."""
+        self._replication_data_handler.on_remote_server_up(cmd.data)
+
+        if self._is_master:
+            self._notifier.notify_remote_server_up(cmd.data)
+
+    def get_currently_syncing_users(self):
+        """Get the list of currently syncing users (if any). This is called
+        when a connection has been established and we need to send the
+        currently syncing users.
+        """
+        return self._presence_handler.get_currently_syncing_users()
+
+    def new_connection(self, connection: AbstractConnection):
+        """Called when we have a new connection.
+        """
+        self._connections.append(connection)
+
+        # If we are connected to replication as a client (rather than a server)
+        # we need to reset the reconnection delay on the client factory (which
+        # is used to do exponential back off when the connection drops).
+        #
+        # Ideally we would reset the delay when we've "fully established" the
+        # connection (for some definition thereof) to stop us from tightlooping
+        # on reconnection if something fails after this point and we drop the
+        # connection. Unfortunately, we don't really have a better definition of
+        # "fully established" than the connection being established.
+        if self._factory:
+            self._factory.resetDelay()
+
+        # Tell the server if we have any users currently syncing (should only
+        # happen on synchrotrons)
+        currently_syncing = self.get_currently_syncing_users()
+        now = self._clock.time_msec()
+        for user_id in currently_syncing:
+            connection.send_command(
+                UserSyncCommand(self._instance_id, user_id, True, now)
+            )
+
+    def lost_connection(self, connection: AbstractConnection):
+        """Called when a connection is closed/lost.
+        """
+        try:
+            self._connections.remove(connection)
+        except ValueError:
+            pass
+
+    def connected(self) -> bool:
+        """Do we have any replication connections open?
+
+        Is used by e.g. `ReplicationStreamer` to no-op if nothing is connected.
+        """
+        return bool(self._connections)
+
+    def send_command(self, cmd: Command):
+        """Send a command to all connected connections.
+        """
+        if self._connections:
+            for connection in self._connections:
+                try:
+                    connection.send_command(cmd)
+                except Exception:
+                    # We probably want to catch some types of exceptions here
+                    # and log them as warnings (e.g. connection gone), but I
+                    # can't find what those exception types they would be.
+                    logger.exception(
+                        "Failed to write command %s to connection %s",
+                        cmd.NAME,
+                        connection,
+                    )
+        else:
+            logger.warning("Dropping command as not connected: %r", cmd.NAME)
+
+    def send_federation_ack(self, token: int):
+        """Ack data for the federation stream. This allows the master to drop
+        data stored purely in memory.
+        """
+        self.send_command(FederationAckCommand(token))
+
+    def send_user_sync(
+        self, instance_id: str, user_id: str, is_syncing: bool, last_sync_ms: int
+    ):
+        """Poke the master that a user has started/stopped syncing.
+        """
+        self.send_command(
+            UserSyncCommand(instance_id, user_id, is_syncing, last_sync_ms)
+        )
+
+    def send_remove_pusher(self, app_id: str, push_key: str, user_id: str):
+        """Poke the master to remove a pusher for a user
+        """
+        cmd = RemovePusherCommand(app_id, push_key, user_id)
+        self.send_command(cmd)
+
+    def send_invalidate_cache(self, cache_func: Callable, keys: tuple):
+        """Poke the master to invalidate a cache.
+        """
+        cmd = InvalidateCacheCommand(cache_func.__name__, keys)
+        self.send_command(cmd)
+
+    def send_user_ip(
+        self,
+        user_id: str,
+        access_token: str,
+        ip: str,
+        user_agent: str,
+        device_id: str,
+        last_seen: int,
+    ):
+        """Tell the master that the user made a request.
+        """
+        cmd = UserIpCommand(user_id, access_token, ip, user_agent, device_id, last_seen)
+        self.send_command(cmd)
+
+    def send_remote_server_up(self, server: str):
+        self.send_command(RemoteServerUpCommand(server))
+
+    def stream_update(self, stream_name: str, token: str, data: Any):
+        """Called when a new update is available to stream to clients.
+
+        We need to check if the client is interested in the stream or not
+        """
+        self.send_command(RdataCommand(stream_name, token, data))
+
+
+UpdateToken = TypeVar("UpdateToken")
+UpdateRow = TypeVar("UpdateRow")
+
+
+def _batch_updates(
+    updates: Iterable[Tuple[UpdateToken, UpdateRow]]
+) -> Iterator[Tuple[UpdateToken, List[UpdateRow]]]:
+    """Collect stream updates with the same token together
+
+    Given a series of updates returned by Stream.get_updates_since(), collects
+    the updates which share the same stream_id together.
+
+    For example:
+
+        [(1, a), (1, b), (2, c), (3, d), (3, e)]
+
+    becomes:
+
+        [
+            (1, [a, b]),
+            (2, [c]),
+            (3, [d, e]),
+        ]
+    """
+
+    update_iter = iter(updates)
+
+    first_update = next(update_iter, None)
+    if first_update is None:
+        # empty input
+        return
+
+    current_batch_token = first_update[0]
+    current_batch = [first_update[1]]
+
+    for token, row in update_iter:
+        if token != current_batch_token:
+            # different token to the previous row: flush the previous
+            # batch and start anew
+            yield current_batch_token, current_batch
+            current_batch_token = token
+            current_batch = []
+
+        current_batch.append(row)
+
+    # flush the final batch
+    yield current_batch_token, current_batch
diff --git a/synapse/replication/tcp/protocol.py b/synapse/replication/tcp/protocol.py
index bc1482a9bb..7240acb0a2 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/tcp/protocol.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/tcp/protocol.py
@@ -35,9 +35,7 @@ indicate which side is sending, these are *not* included on the wire::
     > PING 1490197665618
     < NAME synapse.app.appservice
     < PING 1490197665618
-    < REPLICATE events 1
-    < REPLICATE backfill 1
-    < REPLICATE caches 1
+    < REPLICATE
     > POSITION events 1
     > POSITION backfill 1
     > POSITION caches 1
@@ -53,40 +51,37 @@ import fcntl
 import logging
 import struct
 from collections import defaultdict
-from typing import Any, DefaultDict, Dict, List, Set, Tuple
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, DefaultDict, List
 
-from six import iteritems, iterkeys
+from six import iteritems
 
 from prometheus_client import Counter
 
-from twisted.internet import defer
 from twisted.protocols.basic import LineOnlyReceiver
 from twisted.python.failure import Failure
 
-from synapse.logging.context import make_deferred_yieldable, run_in_background
 from synapse.metrics import LaterGauge
 from synapse.metrics.background_process_metrics import run_as_background_process
 from synapse.replication.tcp.commands import (
-    COMMAND_MAP,
     VALID_CLIENT_COMMANDS,
     VALID_SERVER_COMMANDS,
     Command,
     ErrorCommand,
     NameCommand,
     PingCommand,
-    PositionCommand,
-    RdataCommand,
-    RemoteServerUpCommand,
     ReplicateCommand,
     ServerCommand,
-    SyncCommand,
-    UserSyncCommand,
+    parse_command_from_line,
 )
-from synapse.replication.tcp.streams import STREAMS_MAP
 from synapse.types import Collection
 from synapse.util import Clock
 from synapse.util.stringutils import random_string
 
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from synapse.replication.tcp.handler import ReplicationCommandHandler
+    from synapse.server import HomeServer
+
+
 connection_close_counter = Counter(
     "synapse_replication_tcp_protocol_close_reason", "", ["reason_type"]
 )
@@ -119,7 +114,7 @@ class BaseReplicationStreamProtocol(LineOnlyReceiver):
     are only sent by the server.
 
     On receiving a new command it calls `on_<COMMAND_NAME>` with the parsed
-    command.
+    command before delegating to `ReplicationCommandHandler.on_<COMMAND_NAME>`.
 
     It also sends `PING` periodically, and correctly times out remote connections
     (if they send a `PING` command)
@@ -135,8 +130,9 @@ class BaseReplicationStreamProtocol(LineOnlyReceiver):
 
     max_line_buffer = 10000
 
-    def __init__(self, clock):
+    def __init__(self, clock: Clock, handler: "ReplicationCommandHandler"):
         self.clock = clock
+        self.command_handler = handler
 
         self.last_received_command = self.clock.time_msec()
         self.last_sent_command = 0
@@ -176,6 +172,8 @@ class BaseReplicationStreamProtocol(LineOnlyReceiver):
         # can time us out.
         self.send_command(PingCommand(self.clock.time_msec()))
 
+        self.command_handler.new_connection(self)
+
     def send_ping(self):
         """Periodically sends a ping and checks if we should close the connection
         due to the other side timing out.
@@ -203,39 +201,33 @@ class BaseReplicationStreamProtocol(LineOnlyReceiver):
                 )
                 self.send_error("ping timeout")
 
-    def lineReceived(self, line):
+    def lineReceived(self, line: bytes):
         """Called when we've received a line
         """
         if line.strip() == "":
             # Ignore blank lines
             return
 
-        line = line.decode("utf-8")
-        cmd_name, rest_of_line = line.split(" ", 1)
+        linestr = line.decode("utf-8")
+
+        try:
+            cmd = parse_command_from_line(linestr)
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.exception("[%s] failed to parse line: %r", self.id(), linestr)
+            self.send_error("failed to parse line: %r (%r):" % (e, linestr))
+            return
 
-        if cmd_name not in self.VALID_INBOUND_COMMANDS:
-            logger.error("[%s] invalid command %s", self.id(), cmd_name)
-            self.send_error("invalid command: %s", cmd_name)
+        if cmd.NAME not in self.VALID_INBOUND_COMMANDS:
+            logger.error("[%s] invalid command %s", self.id(), cmd.NAME)
+            self.send_error("invalid command: %s", cmd.NAME)
             return
 
         self.last_received_command = self.clock.time_msec()
 
-        self.inbound_commands_counter[cmd_name] = (
-            self.inbound_commands_counter[cmd_name] + 1
+        self.inbound_commands_counter[cmd.NAME] = (
+            self.inbound_commands_counter[cmd.NAME] + 1
         )
 
-        cmd_cls = COMMAND_MAP[cmd_name]
-        try:
-            cmd = cmd_cls.from_line(rest_of_line)
-        except Exception as e:
-            logger.exception(
-                "[%s] failed to parse line %r: %r", self.id(), cmd_name, rest_of_line
-            )
-            self.send_error(
-                "failed to parse line for  %r: %r (%r):" % (cmd_name, e, rest_of_line)
-            )
-            return
-
         # Now lets try and call on_<CMD_NAME> function
         run_as_background_process(
             "replication-" + cmd.get_logcontext_id(), self.handle_command, cmd
@@ -244,13 +236,31 @@ class BaseReplicationStreamProtocol(LineOnlyReceiver):
     async def handle_command(self, cmd: Command):
         """Handle a command we have received over the replication stream.
 
-        By default delegates to on_<COMMAND>, which should return an awaitable.
+        First calls `self.on_<COMMAND>` if it exists, then calls
+        `self.command_handler.on_<COMMAND>` if it exists. This allows for
+        protocol level handling of commands (e.g. PINGs), before delegating to
+        the handler.
 
         Args:
             cmd: received command
         """
-        handler = getattr(self, "on_%s" % (cmd.NAME,))
-        await handler(cmd)
+        handled = False
+
+        # First call any command handlers on this instance. These are for TCP
+        # specific handling.
+        cmd_func = getattr(self, "on_%s" % (cmd.NAME,), None)
+        if cmd_func:
+            await cmd_func(cmd)
+            handled = True
+
+        # Then call out to the handler.
+        cmd_func = getattr(self.command_handler, "on_%s" % (cmd.NAME,), None)
+        if cmd_func:
+            await cmd_func(cmd)
+            handled = True
+
+        if not handled:
+            logger.warning("Unhandled command: %r", cmd)
 
     def close(self):
         logger.warning("[%s] Closing connection", self.id())
@@ -379,6 +389,8 @@ class BaseReplicationStreamProtocol(LineOnlyReceiver):
         self.state = ConnectionStates.CLOSED
         self.pending_commands = []
 
+        self.command_handler.lost_connection(self)
+
         if self.transport:
             self.transport.unregisterProducer()
 
@@ -405,232 +417,21 @@ class ServerReplicationStreamProtocol(BaseReplicationStreamProtocol):
     VALID_INBOUND_COMMANDS = VALID_CLIENT_COMMANDS
     VALID_OUTBOUND_COMMANDS = VALID_SERVER_COMMANDS
 
-    def __init__(self, server_name, clock, streamer):
-        BaseReplicationStreamProtocol.__init__(self, clock)  # Old style class
+    def __init__(
+        self, server_name: str, clock: Clock, handler: "ReplicationCommandHandler"
+    ):
+        super().__init__(clock, handler)
 
         self.server_name = server_name
-        self.streamer = streamer
-
-        # The streams the client has subscribed to and is up to date with
-        self.replication_streams = set()  # type: Set[str]
-
-        # The streams the client is currently subscribing to.
-        self.connecting_streams = set()  # type:  Set[str]
-
-        # Map from stream name to list of updates to send once we've finished
-        # subscribing the client to the stream.
-        self.pending_rdata = {}  # type: Dict[str, List[Tuple[int, Any]]]
 
     def connectionMade(self):
         self.send_command(ServerCommand(self.server_name))
-        BaseReplicationStreamProtocol.connectionMade(self)
-        self.streamer.new_connection(self)
+        super().connectionMade()
 
     async def on_NAME(self, cmd):
         logger.info("[%s] Renamed to %r", self.id(), cmd.data)
         self.name = cmd.data
 
-    async def on_USER_SYNC(self, cmd):
-        await self.streamer.on_user_sync(
-            self.conn_id, cmd.user_id, cmd.is_syncing, cmd.last_sync_ms
-        )
-
-    async def on_REPLICATE(self, cmd):
-        stream_name = cmd.stream_name
-        token = cmd.token
-
-        if stream_name == "ALL":
-            # Subscribe to all streams we're publishing to.
-            deferreds = [
-                run_in_background(self.subscribe_to_stream, stream, token)
-                for stream in iterkeys(self.streamer.streams_by_name)
-            ]
-
-            await make_deferred_yieldable(
-                defer.gatherResults(deferreds, consumeErrors=True)
-            )
-        else:
-            await self.subscribe_to_stream(stream_name, token)
-
-    async def on_FEDERATION_ACK(self, cmd):
-        self.streamer.federation_ack(cmd.token)
-
-    async def on_REMOVE_PUSHER(self, cmd):
-        await self.streamer.on_remove_pusher(cmd.app_id, cmd.push_key, cmd.user_id)
-
-    async def on_INVALIDATE_CACHE(self, cmd):
-        await self.streamer.on_invalidate_cache(cmd.cache_func, cmd.keys)
-
-    async def on_REMOTE_SERVER_UP(self, cmd: RemoteServerUpCommand):
-        self.streamer.on_remote_server_up(cmd.data)
-
-    async def on_USER_IP(self, cmd):
-        self.streamer.on_user_ip(
-            cmd.user_id,
-            cmd.access_token,
-            cmd.ip,
-            cmd.user_agent,
-            cmd.device_id,
-            cmd.last_seen,
-        )
-
-    async def subscribe_to_stream(self, stream_name, token):
-        """Subscribe the remote to a stream.
-
-        This invloves checking if they've missed anything and sending those
-        updates down if they have. During that time new updates for the stream
-        are queued and sent once we've sent down any missed updates.
-        """
-        self.replication_streams.discard(stream_name)
-        self.connecting_streams.add(stream_name)
-
-        try:
-            # Get missing updates
-            updates, current_token = await self.streamer.get_stream_updates(
-                stream_name, token
-            )
-
-            # Send all the missing updates
-            for update in updates:
-                token, row = update[0], update[1]
-                self.send_command(RdataCommand(stream_name, token, row))
-
-            # We send a POSITION command to ensure that they have an up to
-            # date token (especially useful if we didn't send any updates
-            # above)
-            self.send_command(PositionCommand(stream_name, current_token))
-
-            # Now we can send any updates that came in while we were subscribing
-            pending_rdata = self.pending_rdata.pop(stream_name, [])
-            updates = []
-            for token, update in pending_rdata:
-                # If the token is null, it is part of a batch update. Batches
-                # are multiple updates that share a single token. To denote
-                # this, the token is set to None for all tokens in the batch
-                # except for the last. If we find a None token, we keep looking
-                # through tokens until we find one that is not None and then
-                # process all previous updates in the batch as if they had the
-                # final token.
-                if token is None:
-                    # Store this update as part of a batch
-                    updates.append(update)
-                    continue
-
-                if token <= current_token:
-                    # This update or batch of updates is older than
-                    # current_token, dismiss it
-                    updates = []
-                    continue
-
-                updates.append(update)
-
-                # Send all updates that are part of this batch with the
-                # found token
-                for update in updates:
-                    self.send_command(RdataCommand(stream_name, token, update))
-
-                # Clear stored updates
-                updates = []
-
-            # They're now fully subscribed
-            self.replication_streams.add(stream_name)
-        except Exception as e:
-            logger.exception("[%s] Failed to handle REPLICATE command", self.id())
-            self.send_error("failed to handle replicate: %r", e)
-        finally:
-            self.connecting_streams.discard(stream_name)
-
-    def stream_update(self, stream_name, token, data):
-        """Called when a new update is available to stream to clients.
-
-        We need to check if the client is interested in the stream or not
-        """
-        if stream_name in self.replication_streams:
-            # The client is subscribed to the stream
-            self.send_command(RdataCommand(stream_name, token, data))
-        elif stream_name in self.connecting_streams:
-            # The client is being subscribed to the stream
-            logger.debug("[%s] Queuing RDATA %r %r", self.id(), stream_name, token)
-            self.pending_rdata.setdefault(stream_name, []).append((token, data))
-        else:
-            # The client isn't subscribed
-            logger.debug("[%s] Dropping RDATA %r %r", self.id(), stream_name, token)
-
-    def send_sync(self, data):
-        self.send_command(SyncCommand(data))
-
-    def send_remote_server_up(self, server: str):
-        self.send_command(RemoteServerUpCommand(server))
-
-    def on_connection_closed(self):
-        BaseReplicationStreamProtocol.on_connection_closed(self)
-        self.streamer.lost_connection(self)
-
-
-class AbstractReplicationClientHandler(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
-    """
-    The interface for the handler that should be passed to
-    ClientReplicationStreamProtocol
-    """
-
-    @abc.abstractmethod
-    async def on_rdata(self, stream_name, token, rows):
-        """Called to handle a batch of replication data with a given stream token.
-
-        Args:
-            stream_name (str): name of the replication stream for this batch of rows
-            token (int): stream token for this batch of rows
-            rows (list): a list of Stream.ROW_TYPE objects as returned by
-                Stream.parse_row.
-        """
-        raise NotImplementedError()
-
-    @abc.abstractmethod
-    async def on_position(self, stream_name, token):
-        """Called when we get new position data."""
-        raise NotImplementedError()
-
-    @abc.abstractmethod
-    def on_sync(self, data):
-        """Called when get a new SYNC command."""
-        raise NotImplementedError()
-
-    @abc.abstractmethod
-    async def on_remote_server_up(self, server: str):
-        """Called when get a new REMOTE_SERVER_UP command."""
-        raise NotImplementedError()
-
-    @abc.abstractmethod
-    def get_streams_to_replicate(self):
-        """Called when a new connection has been established and we need to
-        subscribe to streams.
-
-        Returns:
-            map from stream name to the most recent update we have for
-            that stream (ie, the point we want to start replicating from)
-        """
-        raise NotImplementedError()
-
-    @abc.abstractmethod
-    def get_currently_syncing_users(self):
-        """Get the list of currently syncing users (if any). This is called
-        when a connection has been established and we need to send the
-        currently syncing users."""
-        raise NotImplementedError()
-
-    @abc.abstractmethod
-    def update_connection(self, connection):
-        """Called when a connection has been established (or lost with None).
-        """
-        raise NotImplementedError()
-
-    @abc.abstractmethod
-    def finished_connecting(self):
-        """Called when we have successfully subscribed and caught up to all
-        streams we're interested in.
-        """
-        raise NotImplementedError()
-
 
 class ClientReplicationStreamProtocol(BaseReplicationStreamProtocol):
     VALID_INBOUND_COMMANDS = VALID_SERVER_COMMANDS
@@ -638,110 +439,51 @@ class ClientReplicationStreamProtocol(BaseReplicationStreamProtocol):
 
     def __init__(
         self,
+        hs: "HomeServer",
         client_name: str,
         server_name: str,
         clock: Clock,
-        handler: AbstractReplicationClientHandler,
+        command_handler: "ReplicationCommandHandler",
     ):
-        BaseReplicationStreamProtocol.__init__(self, clock)
+        super().__init__(clock, command_handler)
 
         self.client_name = client_name
         self.server_name = server_name
-        self.handler = handler
-
-        # Set of stream names that have been subscribe to, but haven't yet
-        # caught up with. This is used to track when the client has been fully
-        # connected to the remote.
-        self.streams_connecting = set()  # type: Set[str]
-
-        # Map of stream to batched updates. See RdataCommand for info on how
-        # batching works.
-        self.pending_batches = {}  # type: Dict[str, Any]
 
     def connectionMade(self):
         self.send_command(NameCommand(self.client_name))
-        BaseReplicationStreamProtocol.connectionMade(self)
+        super().connectionMade()
 
         # Once we've connected subscribe to the necessary streams
-        for stream_name, token in iteritems(self.handler.get_streams_to_replicate()):
-            self.replicate(stream_name, token)
-
-        # Tell the server if we have any users currently syncing (should only
-        # happen on synchrotrons)
-        currently_syncing = self.handler.get_currently_syncing_users()
-        now = self.clock.time_msec()
-        for user_id in currently_syncing:
-            self.send_command(UserSyncCommand(user_id, True, now))
-
-        # We've now finished connecting to so inform the client handler
-        self.handler.update_connection(self)
-
-        # This will happen if we don't actually subscribe to any streams
-        if not self.streams_connecting:
-            self.handler.finished_connecting()
+        self.replicate()
 
     async def on_SERVER(self, cmd):
         if cmd.data != self.server_name:
             logger.error("[%s] Connected to wrong remote: %r", self.id(), cmd.data)
             self.send_error("Wrong remote")
 
-    async def on_RDATA(self, cmd):
-        stream_name = cmd.stream_name
-        inbound_rdata_count.labels(stream_name).inc()
-
-        try:
-            row = STREAMS_MAP[stream_name].parse_row(cmd.row)
-        except Exception:
-            logger.exception(
-                "[%s] Failed to parse RDATA: %r %r", self.id(), stream_name, cmd.row
-            )
-            raise
-
-        if cmd.token is None:
-            # I.e. this is part of a batch of updates for this stream. Batch
-            # until we get an update for the stream with a non None token
-            self.pending_batches.setdefault(stream_name, []).append(row)
-        else:
-            # Check if this is the last of a batch of updates
-            rows = self.pending_batches.pop(stream_name, [])
-            rows.append(row)
-            await self.handler.on_rdata(stream_name, cmd.token, rows)
-
-    async def on_POSITION(self, cmd):
-        # When we get a `POSITION` command it means we've finished getting
-        # missing updates for the given stream, and are now up to date.
-        self.streams_connecting.discard(cmd.stream_name)
-        if not self.streams_connecting:
-            self.handler.finished_connecting()
+    def replicate(self):
+        """Send the subscription request to the server
+        """
+        logger.info("[%s] Subscribing to replication streams", self.id())
 
-        await self.handler.on_position(cmd.stream_name, cmd.token)
+        self.send_command(ReplicateCommand())
 
-    async def on_SYNC(self, cmd):
-        self.handler.on_sync(cmd.data)
 
-    async def on_REMOTE_SERVER_UP(self, cmd: RemoteServerUpCommand):
-        self.handler.on_remote_server_up(cmd.data)
+class AbstractConnection(abc.ABC):
+    """An interface for replication connections.
+    """
 
-    def replicate(self, stream_name, token):
-        """Send the subscription request to the server
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def send_command(self, cmd: Command):
+        """Send the command down the connection
         """
-        if stream_name not in STREAMS_MAP:
-            raise Exception("Invalid stream name %r" % (stream_name,))
-
-        logger.info(
-            "[%s] Subscribing to replication stream: %r from %r",
-            self.id(),
-            stream_name,
-            token,
-        )
-
-        self.streams_connecting.add(stream_name)
+        pass
 
-        self.send_command(ReplicateCommand(stream_name, token))
 
-    def on_connection_closed(self):
-        BaseReplicationStreamProtocol.on_connection_closed(self)
-        self.handler.update_connection(None)
+# This tells python that `BaseReplicationStreamProtocol` implements the
+# interface.
+AbstractConnection.register(BaseReplicationStreamProtocol)
 
 
 # The following simply registers metrics for the replication connections
@@ -827,8 +569,3 @@ tcp_outbound_commands = LaterGauge(
         for k, count in iteritems(p.outbound_commands_counter)
     },
 )
-
-# number of updates received for each RDATA stream
-inbound_rdata_count = Counter(
-    "synapse_replication_tcp_protocol_inbound_rdata_count", "", ["stream_name"]
-)
diff --git a/synapse/replication/tcp/redis.py b/synapse/replication/tcp/redis.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4c08425735
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/replication/tcp/redis.py
@@ -0,0 +1,181 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+import logging
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
+
+import txredisapi
+
+from synapse.logging.context import PreserveLoggingContext
+from synapse.metrics.background_process_metrics import run_as_background_process
+from synapse.replication.tcp.commands import (
+    Command,
+    ReplicateCommand,
+    parse_command_from_line,
+)
+from synapse.replication.tcp.protocol import AbstractConnection
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from synapse.replication.tcp.handler import ReplicationCommandHandler
+    from synapse.server import HomeServer
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class RedisSubscriber(txredisapi.SubscriberProtocol, AbstractConnection):
+    """Connection to redis subscribed to replication stream.
+
+    Parses incoming messages from redis into replication commands, and passes
+    them to `ReplicationCommandHandler`
+
+    Due to the vagaries of `txredisapi` we don't want to have a custom
+    constructor, so instead we expect the defined attributes below to be set
+    immediately after initialisation.
+
+    Attributes:
+        handler: The command handler to handle incoming commands.
+        stream_name: The *redis* stream name to subscribe to (not anything to
+            do with Synapse replication streams).
+        outbound_redis_connection: The connection to redis to use to send
+            commands.
+    """
+
+    handler = None  # type: ReplicationCommandHandler
+    stream_name = None  # type: str
+    outbound_redis_connection = None  # type: txredisapi.RedisProtocol
+
+    def connectionMade(self):
+        logger.info("Connected to redis instance")
+        self.subscribe(self.stream_name)
+        self.send_command(ReplicateCommand())
+
+        self.handler.new_connection(self)
+
+    def messageReceived(self, pattern: str, channel: str, message: str):
+        """Received a message from redis.
+        """
+
+        if message.strip() == "":
+            # Ignore blank lines
+            return
+
+        try:
+            cmd = parse_command_from_line(message)
+        except Exception:
+            logger.exception(
+                "[%s] failed to parse line: %r", message,
+            )
+            return
+
+        # Now lets try and call on_<CMD_NAME> function
+        run_as_background_process(
+            "replication-" + cmd.get_logcontext_id(), self.handle_command, cmd
+        )
+
+    async def handle_command(self, cmd: Command):
+        """Handle a command we have received over the replication stream.
+
+        By default delegates to on_<COMMAND>, which should return an awaitable.
+
+        Args:
+            cmd: received command
+        """
+        handled = False
+
+        # First call any command handlers on this instance. These are for redis
+        # specific handling.
+        cmd_func = getattr(self, "on_%s" % (cmd.NAME,), None)
+        if cmd_func:
+            await cmd_func(cmd)
+            handled = True
+
+        # Then call out to the handler.
+        cmd_func = getattr(self.handler, "on_%s" % (cmd.NAME,), None)
+        if cmd_func:
+            await cmd_func(cmd)
+            handled = True
+
+        if not handled:
+            logger.warning("Unhandled command: %r", cmd)
+
+    def connectionLost(self, reason):
+        logger.info("Lost connection to redis instance")
+        self.handler.lost_connection(self)
+
+    def send_command(self, cmd: Command):
+        """Send a command if connection has been established.
+
+        Args:
+            cmd (Command)
+        """
+        string = "%s %s" % (cmd.NAME, cmd.to_line())
+        if "\n" in string:
+            raise Exception("Unexpected newline in command: %r", string)
+
+        encoded_string = string.encode("utf-8")
+
+        async def _send():
+            with PreserveLoggingContext():
+                # Note that we use the other connection as we can't send
+                # commands using the subscription connection.
+                await self.outbound_redis_connection.publish(
+                    self.stream_name, encoded_string
+                )
+
+        run_as_background_process("send-cmd", _send)
+
+
+class RedisDirectTcpReplicationClientFactory(txredisapi.SubscriberFactory):
+    """This is a reconnecting factory that connects to redis and immediately
+    subscribes to a stream.
+
+    Args:
+        hs
+        outbound_redis_connection: A connection to redis that will be used to
+            send outbound commands (this is seperate to the redis connection
+            used to subscribe).
+    """
+
+    maxDelay = 5
+    continueTrying = True
+    protocol = RedisSubscriber
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, hs: "HomeServer", outbound_redis_connection: txredisapi.RedisProtocol
+    ):
+
+        super().__init__()
+
+        # This sets the password on the RedisFactory base class (as
+        # SubscriberFactory constructor doesn't pass it through).
+        self.password = hs.config.redis.redis_password
+
+        self.handler = hs.get_tcp_replication()
+        self.stream_name = hs.hostname
+
+        self.outbound_redis_connection = outbound_redis_connection
+
+    def buildProtocol(self, addr):
+        p = super().buildProtocol(addr)  # type: RedisSubscriber
+
+        # We do this here rather than add to the constructor of `RedisSubcriber`
+        # as to do so would involve overriding `buildProtocol` entirely, however
+        # the base method does some other things than just instantiating the
+        # protocol.
+        p.handler = self.handler
+        p.outbound_redis_connection = self.outbound_redis_connection
+        p.stream_name = self.stream_name
+
+        return p
diff --git a/synapse/replication/tcp/resource.py b/synapse/replication/tcp/resource.py
index ce9d1fae12..b2d6baa2a2 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/tcp/resource.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/tcp/resource.py
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
 
 import logging
 import random
-from typing import Any, List
+from typing import Dict
 
 from six import itervalues
 
@@ -25,24 +25,14 @@ from prometheus_client import Counter
 
 from twisted.internet.protocol import Factory
 
-from synapse.metrics import LaterGauge
 from synapse.metrics.background_process_metrics import run_as_background_process
-from synapse.util.metrics import Measure, measure_func
-
-from .protocol import ServerReplicationStreamProtocol
-from .streams import STREAMS_MAP
-from .streams.federation import FederationStream
+from synapse.replication.tcp.protocol import ServerReplicationStreamProtocol
+from synapse.replication.tcp.streams import STREAMS_MAP, FederationStream, Stream
+from synapse.util.metrics import Measure
 
 stream_updates_counter = Counter(
     "synapse_replication_tcp_resource_stream_updates", "", ["stream_name"]
 )
-user_sync_counter = Counter("synapse_replication_tcp_resource_user_sync", "")
-federation_ack_counter = Counter("synapse_replication_tcp_resource_federation_ack", "")
-remove_pusher_counter = Counter("synapse_replication_tcp_resource_remove_pusher", "")
-invalidate_cache_counter = Counter(
-    "synapse_replication_tcp_resource_invalidate_cache", ""
-)
-user_ip_cache_counter = Counter("synapse_replication_tcp_resource_user_ip_cache", "")
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
@@ -52,13 +42,23 @@ class ReplicationStreamProtocolFactory(Factory):
     """
 
     def __init__(self, hs):
-        self.streamer = ReplicationStreamer(hs)
+        self.command_handler = hs.get_tcp_replication()
         self.clock = hs.get_clock()
         self.server_name = hs.config.server_name
 
+        # If we've created a `ReplicationStreamProtocolFactory` then we're
+        # almost certainly registering a replication listener, so let's ensure
+        # that we've started a `ReplicationStreamer` instance to actually push
+        # data.
+        #
+        # (This is a bit of a weird place to do this, but the alternatives such
+        # as putting this in `HomeServer.setup()`, requires either passing the
+        # listener config again or always starting a `ReplicationStreamer`.)
+        hs.get_replication_streamer()
+
     def buildProtocol(self, addr):
         return ServerReplicationStreamProtocol(
-            self.server_name, self.clock, self.streamer
+            self.server_name, self.clock, self.command_handler
         )
 
 
@@ -78,16 +78,6 @@ class ReplicationStreamer(object):
 
         self._replication_torture_level = hs.config.replication_torture_level
 
-        # Current connections.
-        self.connections = []  # type: List[ServerReplicationStreamProtocol]
-
-        LaterGauge(
-            "synapse_replication_tcp_resource_total_connections",
-            "",
-            [],
-            lambda: len(self.connections),
-        )
-
         # List of streams that clients can subscribe to.
         # We only support federation stream if federation sending hase been
         # disabled on the master.
@@ -99,39 +89,22 @@ class ReplicationStreamer(object):
 
         self.streams_by_name = {stream.NAME: stream for stream in self.streams}
 
-        LaterGauge(
-            "synapse_replication_tcp_resource_connections_per_stream",
-            "",
-            ["stream_name"],
-            lambda: {
-                (stream_name,): len(
-                    [
-                        conn
-                        for conn in self.connections
-                        if stream_name in conn.replication_streams
-                    ]
-                )
-                for stream_name in self.streams_by_name
-            },
-        )
-
         self.federation_sender = None
         if not hs.config.send_federation:
             self.federation_sender = hs.get_federation_sender()
 
         self.notifier.add_replication_callback(self.on_notifier_poke)
-        self.notifier.add_remote_server_up_callback(self.send_remote_server_up)
 
         # Keeps track of whether we are currently checking for updates
         self.is_looping = False
         self.pending_updates = False
 
-        hs.get_reactor().addSystemEventTrigger("before", "shutdown", self.on_shutdown)
+        self.command_handler = hs.get_tcp_replication()
 
-    def on_shutdown(self):
-        # close all connections on shutdown
-        for conn in self.connections:
-            conn.send_error("server shutting down")
+    def get_streams(self) -> Dict[str, Stream]:
+        """Get a mapp from stream name to stream instance.
+        """
+        return self.streams_by_name
 
     def on_notifier_poke(self):
         """Checks if there is actually any new data and sends it to the
@@ -140,7 +113,7 @@ class ReplicationStreamer(object):
         This should get called each time new data is available, even if it
         is currently being executed, so that nothing gets missed
         """
-        if not self.connections:
+        if not self.command_handler.connected():
             # Don't bother if nothing is listening. We still need to advance
             # the stream tokens otherwise they'll fall beihind forever
             for stream in self.streams:
@@ -166,11 +139,6 @@ class ReplicationStreamer(object):
                 self.pending_updates = False
 
                 with Measure(self.clock, "repl.stream.get_updates"):
-                    # First we tell the streams that they should update their
-                    # current tokens.
-                    for stream in self.streams:
-                        stream.advance_current_token()
-
                     all_streams = self.streams
 
                     if self._replication_torture_level is not None:
@@ -180,7 +148,7 @@ class ReplicationStreamer(object):
                         random.shuffle(all_streams)
 
                     for stream in all_streams:
-                        if stream.last_token == stream.upto_token:
+                        if stream.last_token == stream.current_token():
                             continue
 
                         if self._replication_torture_level:
@@ -192,18 +160,17 @@ class ReplicationStreamer(object):
                             "Getting stream: %s: %s -> %s",
                             stream.NAME,
                             stream.last_token,
-                            stream.upto_token,
+                            stream.current_token(),
                         )
                         try:
-                            updates, current_token = await stream.get_updates()
+                            updates, current_token, limited = await stream.get_updates()
+                            self.pending_updates |= limited
                         except Exception:
                             logger.info("Failed to handle stream %s", stream.NAME)
                             raise
 
                         logger.debug(
-                            "Sending %d updates to %d connections",
-                            len(updates),
-                            len(self.connections),
+                            "Sending %d updates", len(updates),
                         )
 
                         if updates:
@@ -219,116 +186,19 @@ class ReplicationStreamer(object):
                         # token. See RdataCommand for more details.
                         batched_updates = _batch_updates(updates)
 
-                        for conn in self.connections:
-                            for token, row in batched_updates:
-                                try:
-                                    conn.stream_update(stream.NAME, token, row)
-                                except Exception:
-                                    logger.exception("Failed to replicate")
+                        for token, row in batched_updates:
+                            try:
+                                self.command_handler.stream_update(
+                                    stream.NAME, token, row
+                                )
+                            except Exception:
+                                logger.exception("Failed to replicate")
 
             logger.debug("No more pending updates, breaking poke loop")
         finally:
             self.pending_updates = False
             self.is_looping = False
 
-    @measure_func("repl.get_stream_updates")
-    async def get_stream_updates(self, stream_name, token):
-        """For a given stream get all updates since token. This is called when
-        a client first subscribes to a stream.
-        """
-        stream = self.streams_by_name.get(stream_name, None)
-        if not stream:
-            raise Exception("unknown stream %s", stream_name)
-
-        return await stream.get_updates_since(token)
-
-    @measure_func("repl.federation_ack")
-    def federation_ack(self, token):
-        """We've received an ack for federation stream from a client.
-        """
-        federation_ack_counter.inc()
-        if self.federation_sender:
-            self.federation_sender.federation_ack(token)
-
-    @measure_func("repl.on_user_sync")
-    async def on_user_sync(self, conn_id, user_id, is_syncing, last_sync_ms):
-        """A client has started/stopped syncing on a worker.
-        """
-        user_sync_counter.inc()
-        await self.presence_handler.update_external_syncs_row(
-            conn_id, user_id, is_syncing, last_sync_ms
-        )
-
-    @measure_func("repl.on_remove_pusher")
-    async def on_remove_pusher(self, app_id, push_key, user_id):
-        """A client has asked us to remove a pusher
-        """
-        remove_pusher_counter.inc()
-        await self.store.delete_pusher_by_app_id_pushkey_user_id(
-            app_id=app_id, pushkey=push_key, user_id=user_id
-        )
-
-        self.notifier.on_new_replication_data()
-
-    @measure_func("repl.on_invalidate_cache")
-    async def on_invalidate_cache(self, cache_func: str, keys: List[Any]):
-        """The client has asked us to invalidate a cache
-        """
-        invalidate_cache_counter.inc()
-
-        # We invalidate the cache locally, but then also stream that to other
-        # workers.
-        await self.store.invalidate_cache_and_stream(cache_func, tuple(keys))
-
-    @measure_func("repl.on_user_ip")
-    async def on_user_ip(
-        self, user_id, access_token, ip, user_agent, device_id, last_seen
-    ):
-        """The client saw a user request
-        """
-        user_ip_cache_counter.inc()
-        await self.store.insert_client_ip(
-            user_id, access_token, ip, user_agent, device_id, last_seen
-        )
-        await self._server_notices_sender.on_user_ip(user_id)
-
-    @measure_func("repl.on_remote_server_up")
-    def on_remote_server_up(self, server: str):
-        self.notifier.notify_remote_server_up(server)
-
-    def send_remote_server_up(self, server: str):
-        for conn in self.connections:
-            conn.send_remote_server_up(server)
-
-    def send_sync_to_all_connections(self, data):
-        """Sends a SYNC command to all clients.
-
-        Used in tests.
-        """
-        for conn in self.connections:
-            conn.send_sync(data)
-
-    def new_connection(self, connection):
-        """A new client connection has been established
-        """
-        self.connections.append(connection)
-
-    def lost_connection(self, connection):
-        """A client connection has been lost
-        """
-        try:
-            self.connections.remove(connection)
-        except ValueError:
-            pass
-
-        # We need to tell the presence handler that the connection has been
-        # lost so that it can handle any ongoing syncs on that connection.
-        run_as_background_process(
-            "update_external_syncs_clear",
-            self.presence_handler.update_external_syncs_clear,
-            connection.conn_id,
-        )
-
 
 def _batch_updates(updates):
     """Takes a list of updates of form [(token, row)] and sets the token to
diff --git a/synapse/replication/tcp/streams/__init__.py b/synapse/replication/tcp/streams/__init__.py
index 5f52264e84..d1a61c3314 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/tcp/streams/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/tcp/streams/__init__.py
@@ -25,26 +25,63 @@ Each stream is defined by the following information:
     update_function:    The function that returns a list of updates between two tokens
 """
 
-from . import _base, events, federation
+from synapse.replication.tcp.streams._base import (
+    AccountDataStream,
+    BackfillStream,
+    CachesStream,
+    DeviceListsStream,
+    GroupServerStream,
+    PresenceStream,
+    PublicRoomsStream,
+    PushersStream,
+    PushRulesStream,
+    ReceiptsStream,
+    Stream,
+    TagAccountDataStream,
+    ToDeviceStream,
+    TypingStream,
+    UserSignatureStream,
+)
+from synapse.replication.tcp.streams.events import EventsStream
+from synapse.replication.tcp.streams.federation import FederationStream
 
 STREAMS_MAP = {
     stream.NAME: stream
     for stream in (
-        events.EventsStream,
-        _base.BackfillStream,
-        _base.PresenceStream,
-        _base.TypingStream,
-        _base.ReceiptsStream,
-        _base.PushRulesStream,
-        _base.PushersStream,
-        _base.CachesStream,
-        _base.PublicRoomsStream,
-        _base.DeviceListsStream,
-        _base.ToDeviceStream,
-        federation.FederationStream,
-        _base.TagAccountDataStream,
-        _base.AccountDataStream,
-        _base.GroupServerStream,
-        _base.UserSignatureStream,
+        EventsStream,
+        BackfillStream,
+        PresenceStream,
+        TypingStream,
+        ReceiptsStream,
+        PushRulesStream,
+        PushersStream,
+        CachesStream,
+        PublicRoomsStream,
+        DeviceListsStream,
+        ToDeviceStream,
+        FederationStream,
+        TagAccountDataStream,
+        AccountDataStream,
+        GroupServerStream,
+        UserSignatureStream,
     )
 }
+
+__all__ = [
+    "STREAMS_MAP",
+    "Stream",
+    "BackfillStream",
+    "PresenceStream",
+    "TypingStream",
+    "ReceiptsStream",
+    "PushRulesStream",
+    "PushersStream",
+    "CachesStream",
+    "PublicRoomsStream",
+    "DeviceListsStream",
+    "ToDeviceStream",
+    "TagAccountDataStream",
+    "AccountDataStream",
+    "GroupServerStream",
+    "UserSignatureStream",
+]
diff --git a/synapse/replication/tcp/streams/_base.py b/synapse/replication/tcp/streams/_base.py
index 208e8a667b..a860072ccf 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/tcp/streams/_base.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/tcp/streams/_base.py
@@ -14,117 +14,66 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
-import itertools
 import logging
 from collections import namedtuple
-from typing import Any, List, Optional
+from typing import Any, Awaitable, Callable, Iterable, List, Optional, Tuple
 
 import attr
 
+from synapse.replication.http.streams import ReplicationGetStreamUpdates
+
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
 MAX_EVENTS_BEHIND = 500000
 
-BackfillStreamRow = namedtuple(
-    "BackfillStreamRow",
-    (
-        "event_id",  # str
-        "room_id",  # str
-        "type",  # str
-        "state_key",  # str, optional
-        "redacts",  # str, optional
-        "relates_to",  # str, optional
-    ),
-)
-PresenceStreamRow = namedtuple(
-    "PresenceStreamRow",
-    (
-        "user_id",  # str
-        "state",  # str
-        "last_active_ts",  # int
-        "last_federation_update_ts",  # int
-        "last_user_sync_ts",  # int
-        "status_msg",  # str
-        "currently_active",  # bool
-    ),
-)
-TypingStreamRow = namedtuple(
-    "TypingStreamRow", ("room_id", "user_ids")  # str  # list(str)
-)
-ReceiptsStreamRow = namedtuple(
-    "ReceiptsStreamRow",
-    (
-        "room_id",  # str
-        "receipt_type",  # str
-        "user_id",  # str
-        "event_id",  # str
-        "data",  # dict
-    ),
-)
-PushRulesStreamRow = namedtuple("PushRulesStreamRow", ("user_id",))  # str
-PushersStreamRow = namedtuple(
-    "PushersStreamRow",
-    ("user_id", "app_id", "pushkey", "deleted"),  # str  # str  # str  # bool
-)
-
-
-@attr.s
-class CachesStreamRow:
-    """Stream to inform workers they should invalidate their cache.
-
-    Attributes:
-        cache_func: Name of the cached function.
-        keys: The entry in the cache to invalidate. If None then will
-            invalidate all.
-        invalidation_ts: Timestamp of when the invalidation took place.
-    """
 
-    cache_func = attr.ib(type=str)
-    keys = attr.ib(type=Optional[List[Any]])
-    invalidation_ts = attr.ib(type=int)
-
-
-PublicRoomsStreamRow = namedtuple(
-    "PublicRoomsStreamRow",
-    (
-        "room_id",  # str
-        "visibility",  # str
-        "appservice_id",  # str, optional
-        "network_id",  # str, optional
-    ),
-)
-DeviceListsStreamRow = namedtuple(
-    "DeviceListsStreamRow", ("user_id", "destination")  # str  # str
-)
-ToDeviceStreamRow = namedtuple("ToDeviceStreamRow", ("entity",))  # str
-TagAccountDataStreamRow = namedtuple(
-    "TagAccountDataStreamRow", ("user_id", "room_id", "data")  # str  # str  # dict
-)
-AccountDataStreamRow = namedtuple(
-    "AccountDataStream", ("user_id", "room_id", "data_type")  # str  # str  # str
-)
-GroupsStreamRow = namedtuple(
-    "GroupsStreamRow",
-    ("group_id", "user_id", "type", "content"),  # str  # str  # str  # dict
-)
-UserSignatureStreamRow = namedtuple("UserSignatureStreamRow", ("user_id"))  # str
+# Some type aliases to make things a bit easier.
+
+# A stream position token
+Token = int
+
+# The type of a stream update row, after JSON deserialisation, but before
+# parsing with Stream.parse_row (which turns it into a `ROW_TYPE`). Normally it's
+# just a row from a database query, though this is dependent on the stream in question.
+#
+StreamRow = Tuple
+
+# The type returned by the update_function of a stream, as well as get_updates(),
+# get_updates_since, etc.
+#
+# It consists of a triplet `(updates, new_last_token, limited)`, where:
+#   * `updates` is a list of `(token, row)` entries.
+#   * `new_last_token` is the new position in stream.
+#   * `limited` is whether there are more updates to fetch.
+#
+StreamUpdateResult = Tuple[List[Tuple[Token, StreamRow]], Token, bool]
+
+# The type of an update_function for a stream
+#
+# The arguments are:
+#
+#  * from_token: the previous stream token: the starting point for fetching the
+#    updates
+#  * to_token: the new stream token: the point to get updates up to
+#  * limit: the maximum number of rows to return
+#
+UpdateFunction = Callable[[Token, Token, int], Awaitable[StreamUpdateResult]]
 
 
 class Stream(object):
     """Base class for the streams.
 
     Provides a `get_updates()` function that returns new updates since the last
-    time it was called up until the point `advance_current_token` was called.
+    time it was called.
     """
 
     NAME = None  # type: str  # The name of the stream
     # The type of the row. Used by the default impl of parse_row.
     ROW_TYPE = None  # type: Any
-    _LIMITED = True  # Whether the update function takes a limit
 
     @classmethod
-    def parse_row(cls, row):
+    def parse_row(cls, row: StreamRow):
         """Parse a row received over replication
 
         By default, assumes that the row data is an array object and passes its contents
@@ -138,101 +87,120 @@ class Stream(object):
         """
         return cls.ROW_TYPE(*row)
 
-    def __init__(self, hs):
-        # The token from which we last asked for updates
-        self.last_token = self.current_token()
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        current_token_function: Callable[[], Token],
+        update_function: UpdateFunction,
+    ):
+        """Instantiate a Stream
 
-        # The token that we will get updates up to
-        self.upto_token = self.current_token()
+        current_token_function and update_function are callbacks which should be
+        implemented by subclasses.
 
-    def advance_current_token(self):
-        """Updates `upto_token` to "now", which updates up until which point
-        get_updates[_since] will fetch rows till.
+        current_token_function is called to get the current token of the underlying
+        stream.
+
+        update_function is called to get updates for this stream between a pair of
+        stream tokens. See the UpdateFunction type definition for more info.
+
+        Args:
+            current_token_function: callback to get the current token, as above
+            update_function: callback go get stream updates, as above
         """
-        self.upto_token = self.current_token()
+        self.current_token = current_token_function
+        self.update_function = update_function
+
+        # The token from which we last asked for updates
+        self.last_token = self.current_token()
 
     def discard_updates_and_advance(self):
         """Called when the stream should advance but the updates would be discarded,
         e.g. when there are no currently connected workers.
         """
-        self.upto_token = self.current_token()
-        self.last_token = self.upto_token
+        self.last_token = self.current_token()
 
-    async def get_updates(self):
+    async def get_updates(self) -> StreamUpdateResult:
         """Gets all updates since the last time this function was called (or
-        since the stream was constructed if it hadn't been called before),
-        until the `upto_token`
+        since the stream was constructed if it hadn't been called before).
 
         Returns:
-            Deferred[Tuple[List[Tuple[int, Any]], int]:
-                Resolves to a pair ``(updates, current_token)``, where ``updates`` is a
-                list of ``(token, row)`` entries. ``row`` will be json-serialised and
-                sent over the replication steam.
+            A triplet `(updates, new_last_token, limited)`, where `updates` is
+            a list of `(token, row)` entries, `new_last_token` is the new
+            position in stream, and `limited` is whether there are more updates
+            to fetch.
         """
-        updates, current_token = await self.get_updates_since(self.last_token)
+        current_token = self.current_token()
+        updates, current_token, limited = await self.get_updates_since(
+            self.last_token, current_token
+        )
         self.last_token = current_token
 
-        return updates, current_token
+        return updates, current_token, limited
 
-    async def get_updates_since(self, from_token):
+    async def get_updates_since(
+        self, from_token: Token, upto_token: Token, limit: int = 100
+    ) -> StreamUpdateResult:
         """Like get_updates except allows specifying from when we should
         stream updates
 
         Returns:
-            Deferred[Tuple[List[Tuple[int, Any]], int]:
-                Resolves to a pair ``(updates, current_token)``, where ``updates`` is a
-                list of ``(token, row)`` entries. ``row`` will be json-serialised and
-                sent over the replication steam.
+            A triplet `(updates, new_last_token, limited)`, where `updates` is
+            a list of `(token, row)` entries, `new_last_token` is the new
+            position in stream, and `limited` is whether there are more updates
+            to fetch.
         """
-        if from_token in ("NOW", "now"):
-            return [], self.upto_token
-
-        current_token = self.upto_token
 
         from_token = int(from_token)
 
-        if from_token == current_token:
-            return [], current_token
+        if from_token == upto_token:
+            return [], upto_token, False
 
-        logger.info("get_updates_since: %s", self.__class__)
-        if self._LIMITED:
-            rows = await self.update_function(
-                from_token, current_token, limit=MAX_EVENTS_BEHIND + 1
-            )
+        updates, upto_token, limited = await self.update_function(
+            from_token, upto_token, limit,
+        )
+        return updates, upto_token, limited
 
-            # never turn more than MAX_EVENTS_BEHIND + 1 into updates.
-            rows = itertools.islice(rows, MAX_EVENTS_BEHIND + 1)
-        else:
-            rows = await self.update_function(from_token, current_token)
 
+def db_query_to_update_function(
+    query_function: Callable[[Token, Token, int], Awaitable[Iterable[tuple]]]
+) -> UpdateFunction:
+    """Wraps a db query function which returns a list of rows to make it
+    suitable for use as an `update_function` for the Stream class
+    """
+
+    async def update_function(from_token, upto_token, limit):
+        rows = await query_function(from_token, upto_token, limit)
         updates = [(row[0], row[1:]) for row in rows]
+        limited = False
+        if len(updates) == limit:
+            upto_token = updates[-1][0]
+            limited = True
+        assert len(updates) <= limit
 
-        # check we didn't get more rows than the limit.
-        # doing it like this allows the update_function to be a generator.
-        if self._LIMITED and len(updates) >= MAX_EVENTS_BEHIND:
-            raise Exception("stream %s has fallen behind" % (self.NAME))
+        return updates, upto_token, limited
 
-        return updates, current_token
+    return update_function
 
-    def current_token(self):
-        """Gets the current token of the underlying streams. Should be provided
-        by the sub classes
 
-        Returns:
-            int
-        """
-        raise NotImplementedError()
+def make_http_update_function(hs, stream_name: str) -> UpdateFunction:
+    """Makes a suitable function for use as an `update_function` that queries
+    the master process for updates.
+    """
 
-    def update_function(self, from_token, current_token, limit=None):
-        """Get updates between from_token and to_token. If Stream._LIMITED is
-        True then limit is provided, otherwise it's not.
+    client = ReplicationGetStreamUpdates.make_client(hs)
 
-        Returns:
-            Deferred(list(tuple)): the first entry in the tuple is the token for
-                that update, and the rest of the tuple gets used to construct
-                a ``ROW_TYPE`` instance
-        """
-        raise NotImplementedError()
+    async def update_function(
+        from_token: int, upto_token: int, limit: int
+    ) -> StreamUpdateResult:
+        result = await client(
+            stream_name=stream_name,
+            from_token=from_token,
+            upto_token=upto_token,
+            limit=limit,
+        )
+        return result["updates"], result["upto_token"], result["limited"]
+
+    return update_function
 
 
 class BackfillStream(Stream):
@@ -240,93 +208,157 @@ class BackfillStream(Stream):
     or it went from being an outlier to not.
     """
 
+    BackfillStreamRow = namedtuple(
+        "BackfillStreamRow",
+        (
+            "event_id",  # str
+            "room_id",  # str
+            "type",  # str
+            "state_key",  # str, optional
+            "redacts",  # str, optional
+            "relates_to",  # str, optional
+        ),
+    )
+
     NAME = "backfill"
     ROW_TYPE = BackfillStreamRow
 
     def __init__(self, hs):
         store = hs.get_datastore()
-        self.current_token = store.get_current_backfill_token  # type: ignore
-        self.update_function = store.get_all_new_backfill_event_rows  # type: ignore
-
-        super(BackfillStream, self).__init__(hs)
+        super().__init__(
+            store.get_current_backfill_token,
+            db_query_to_update_function(store.get_all_new_backfill_event_rows),
+        )
 
 
 class PresenceStream(Stream):
+    PresenceStreamRow = namedtuple(
+        "PresenceStreamRow",
+        (
+            "user_id",  # str
+            "state",  # str
+            "last_active_ts",  # int
+            "last_federation_update_ts",  # int
+            "last_user_sync_ts",  # int
+            "status_msg",  # str
+            "currently_active",  # bool
+        ),
+    )
+
     NAME = "presence"
-    _LIMITED = False
     ROW_TYPE = PresenceStreamRow
 
     def __init__(self, hs):
         store = hs.get_datastore()
-        presence_handler = hs.get_presence_handler()
 
-        self.current_token = store.get_current_presence_token  # type: ignore
-        self.update_function = presence_handler.get_all_presence_updates  # type: ignore
+        if hs.config.worker_app is None:
+            # on the master, query the presence handler
+            presence_handler = hs.get_presence_handler()
+            update_function = db_query_to_update_function(
+                presence_handler.get_all_presence_updates
+            )
+        else:
+            # Query master process
+            update_function = make_http_update_function(hs, self.NAME)
 
-        super(PresenceStream, self).__init__(hs)
+        super().__init__(store.get_current_presence_token, update_function)
 
 
 class TypingStream(Stream):
+    TypingStreamRow = namedtuple(
+        "TypingStreamRow", ("room_id", "user_ids")  # str  # list(str)
+    )
+
     NAME = "typing"
-    _LIMITED = False
     ROW_TYPE = TypingStreamRow
 
     def __init__(self, hs):
         typing_handler = hs.get_typing_handler()
 
-        self.current_token = typing_handler.get_current_token  # type: ignore
-        self.update_function = typing_handler.get_all_typing_updates  # type: ignore
+        if hs.config.worker_app is None:
+            # on the master, query the typing handler
+            update_function = db_query_to_update_function(
+                typing_handler.get_all_typing_updates
+            )
+        else:
+            # Query master process
+            update_function = make_http_update_function(hs, self.NAME)
 
-        super(TypingStream, self).__init__(hs)
+        super().__init__(typing_handler.get_current_token, update_function)
 
 
 class ReceiptsStream(Stream):
+    ReceiptsStreamRow = namedtuple(
+        "ReceiptsStreamRow",
+        (
+            "room_id",  # str
+            "receipt_type",  # str
+            "user_id",  # str
+            "event_id",  # str
+            "data",  # dict
+        ),
+    )
+
     NAME = "receipts"
     ROW_TYPE = ReceiptsStreamRow
 
     def __init__(self, hs):
         store = hs.get_datastore()
-
-        self.current_token = store.get_max_receipt_stream_id  # type: ignore
-        self.update_function = store.get_all_updated_receipts  # type: ignore
-
-        super(ReceiptsStream, self).__init__(hs)
+        super().__init__(
+            store.get_max_receipt_stream_id,
+            db_query_to_update_function(store.get_all_updated_receipts),
+        )
 
 
 class PushRulesStream(Stream):
     """A user has changed their push rules
     """
 
+    PushRulesStreamRow = namedtuple("PushRulesStreamRow", ("user_id",))  # str
+
     NAME = "push_rules"
     ROW_TYPE = PushRulesStreamRow
 
     def __init__(self, hs):
         self.store = hs.get_datastore()
-        super(PushRulesStream, self).__init__(hs)
+        super(PushRulesStream, self).__init__(
+            self._current_token, self._update_function
+        )
 
-    def current_token(self):
+    def _current_token(self) -> int:
         push_rules_token, _ = self.store.get_push_rules_stream_token()
         return push_rules_token
 
-    async def update_function(self, from_token, to_token, limit):
+    async def _update_function(self, from_token: Token, to_token: Token, limit: int):
         rows = await self.store.get_all_push_rule_updates(from_token, to_token, limit)
-        return [(row[0], row[2]) for row in rows]
+
+        limited = False
+        if len(rows) == limit:
+            to_token = rows[-1][0]
+            limited = True
+
+        return [(row[0], (row[2],)) for row in rows], to_token, limited
 
 
 class PushersStream(Stream):
     """A user has added/changed/removed a pusher
     """
 
+    PushersStreamRow = namedtuple(
+        "PushersStreamRow",
+        ("user_id", "app_id", "pushkey", "deleted"),  # str  # str  # str  # bool
+    )
+
     NAME = "pushers"
     ROW_TYPE = PushersStreamRow
 
     def __init__(self, hs):
         store = hs.get_datastore()
 
-        self.current_token = store.get_pushers_stream_token  # type: ignore
-        self.update_function = store.get_all_updated_pushers_rows  # type: ignore
-
-        super(PushersStream, self).__init__(hs)
+        super().__init__(
+            store.get_pushers_stream_token,
+            db_query_to_update_function(store.get_all_updated_pushers_rows),
+        )
 
 
 class CachesStream(Stream):
@@ -334,98 +366,132 @@ class CachesStream(Stream):
     the cache on the workers
     """
 
+    @attr.s
+    class CachesStreamRow:
+        """Stream to inform workers they should invalidate their cache.
+
+        Attributes:
+            cache_func: Name of the cached function.
+            keys: The entry in the cache to invalidate. If None then will
+                invalidate all.
+            invalidation_ts: Timestamp of when the invalidation took place.
+        """
+
+        cache_func = attr.ib(type=str)
+        keys = attr.ib(type=Optional[List[Any]])
+        invalidation_ts = attr.ib(type=int)
+
     NAME = "caches"
     ROW_TYPE = CachesStreamRow
 
     def __init__(self, hs):
         store = hs.get_datastore()
-
-        self.current_token = store.get_cache_stream_token  # type: ignore
-        self.update_function = store.get_all_updated_caches  # type: ignore
-
-        super(CachesStream, self).__init__(hs)
+        super().__init__(
+            store.get_cache_stream_token,
+            db_query_to_update_function(store.get_all_updated_caches),
+        )
 
 
 class PublicRoomsStream(Stream):
     """The public rooms list changed
     """
 
+    PublicRoomsStreamRow = namedtuple(
+        "PublicRoomsStreamRow",
+        (
+            "room_id",  # str
+            "visibility",  # str
+            "appservice_id",  # str, optional
+            "network_id",  # str, optional
+        ),
+    )
+
     NAME = "public_rooms"
     ROW_TYPE = PublicRoomsStreamRow
 
     def __init__(self, hs):
         store = hs.get_datastore()
-
-        self.current_token = store.get_current_public_room_stream_id  # type: ignore
-        self.update_function = store.get_all_new_public_rooms  # type: ignore
-
-        super(PublicRoomsStream, self).__init__(hs)
+        super().__init__(
+            store.get_current_public_room_stream_id,
+            db_query_to_update_function(store.get_all_new_public_rooms),
+        )
 
 
 class DeviceListsStream(Stream):
-    """Someone added/changed/removed a device
+    """Either a user has updated their devices or a remote server needs to be
+    told about a device update.
     """
 
+    @attr.s
+    class DeviceListsStreamRow:
+        entity = attr.ib(type=str)
+
     NAME = "device_lists"
-    _LIMITED = False
     ROW_TYPE = DeviceListsStreamRow
 
     def __init__(self, hs):
         store = hs.get_datastore()
-
-        self.current_token = store.get_device_stream_token  # type: ignore
-        self.update_function = store.get_all_device_list_changes_for_remotes  # type: ignore
-
-        super(DeviceListsStream, self).__init__(hs)
+        super().__init__(
+            store.get_device_stream_token,
+            db_query_to_update_function(store.get_all_device_list_changes_for_remotes),
+        )
 
 
 class ToDeviceStream(Stream):
     """New to_device messages for a client
     """
 
+    ToDeviceStreamRow = namedtuple("ToDeviceStreamRow", ("entity",))  # str
+
     NAME = "to_device"
     ROW_TYPE = ToDeviceStreamRow
 
     def __init__(self, hs):
         store = hs.get_datastore()
-
-        self.current_token = store.get_to_device_stream_token  # type: ignore
-        self.update_function = store.get_all_new_device_messages  # type: ignore
-
-        super(ToDeviceStream, self).__init__(hs)
+        super().__init__(
+            store.get_to_device_stream_token,
+            db_query_to_update_function(store.get_all_new_device_messages),
+        )
 
 
 class TagAccountDataStream(Stream):
     """Someone added/removed a tag for a room
     """
 
+    TagAccountDataStreamRow = namedtuple(
+        "TagAccountDataStreamRow", ("user_id", "room_id", "data")  # str  # str  # dict
+    )
+
     NAME = "tag_account_data"
     ROW_TYPE = TagAccountDataStreamRow
 
     def __init__(self, hs):
         store = hs.get_datastore()
-
-        self.current_token = store.get_max_account_data_stream_id  # type: ignore
-        self.update_function = store.get_all_updated_tags  # type: ignore
-
-        super(TagAccountDataStream, self).__init__(hs)
+        super().__init__(
+            store.get_max_account_data_stream_id,
+            db_query_to_update_function(store.get_all_updated_tags),
+        )
 
 
 class AccountDataStream(Stream):
     """Global or per room account data was changed
     """
 
+    AccountDataStreamRow = namedtuple(
+        "AccountDataStream", ("user_id", "room_id", "data_type")  # str  # str  # str
+    )
+
     NAME = "account_data"
     ROW_TYPE = AccountDataStreamRow
 
     def __init__(self, hs):
         self.store = hs.get_datastore()
+        super().__init__(
+            self.store.get_max_account_data_stream_id,
+            db_query_to_update_function(self._update_function),
+        )
 
-        self.current_token = self.store.get_max_account_data_stream_id  # type: ignore
-
-        super(AccountDataStream, self).__init__(hs)
-
-    async def update_function(self, from_token, to_token, limit):
+    async def _update_function(self, from_token, to_token, limit):
         global_results, room_results = await self.store.get_all_updated_account_data(
             from_token, from_token, to_token, limit
         )
@@ -440,30 +506,36 @@ class AccountDataStream(Stream):
 
 
 class GroupServerStream(Stream):
+    GroupsStreamRow = namedtuple(
+        "GroupsStreamRow",
+        ("group_id", "user_id", "type", "content"),  # str  # str  # str  # dict
+    )
+
     NAME = "groups"
     ROW_TYPE = GroupsStreamRow
 
     def __init__(self, hs):
         store = hs.get_datastore()
-
-        self.current_token = store.get_group_stream_token  # type: ignore
-        self.update_function = store.get_all_groups_changes  # type: ignore
-
-        super(GroupServerStream, self).__init__(hs)
+        super().__init__(
+            store.get_group_stream_token,
+            db_query_to_update_function(store.get_all_groups_changes),
+        )
 
 
 class UserSignatureStream(Stream):
     """A user has signed their own device with their user-signing key
     """
 
+    UserSignatureStreamRow = namedtuple("UserSignatureStreamRow", ("user_id"))  # str
+
     NAME = "user_signature"
-    _LIMITED = False
     ROW_TYPE = UserSignatureStreamRow
 
     def __init__(self, hs):
         store = hs.get_datastore()
-
-        self.current_token = store.get_device_stream_token  # type: ignore
-        self.update_function = store.get_all_user_signature_changes_for_remotes  # type: ignore
-
-        super(UserSignatureStream, self).__init__(hs)
+        super().__init__(
+            store.get_device_stream_token,
+            db_query_to_update_function(
+                store.get_all_user_signature_changes_for_remotes
+            ),
+        )
diff --git a/synapse/replication/tcp/streams/events.py b/synapse/replication/tcp/streams/events.py
index b3afabb8cd..051114596b 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/tcp/streams/events.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/tcp/streams/events.py
@@ -15,11 +15,11 @@
 # limitations under the License.
 
 import heapq
-from typing import Tuple, Type
+from typing import Iterable, Tuple, Type
 
 import attr
 
-from ._base import Stream
+from ._base import Stream, Token, db_query_to_update_function
 
 
 """Handling of the 'events' replication stream
@@ -116,11 +116,14 @@ class EventsStream(Stream):
 
     def __init__(self, hs):
         self._store = hs.get_datastore()
-        self.current_token = self._store.get_current_events_token  # type: ignore
-
-        super(EventsStream, self).__init__(hs)
+        super().__init__(
+            self._store.get_current_events_token,
+            db_query_to_update_function(self._update_function),
+        )
 
-    async def update_function(self, from_token, current_token, limit=None):
+    async def _update_function(
+        self, from_token: Token, current_token: Token, limit: int
+    ) -> Iterable[tuple]:
         event_rows = await self._store.get_all_new_forward_event_rows(
             from_token, current_token, limit
         )
diff --git a/synapse/replication/tcp/streams/federation.py b/synapse/replication/tcp/streams/federation.py
index 615f3dc9ac..75133d7e40 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/tcp/streams/federation.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/tcp/streams/federation.py
@@ -15,15 +15,7 @@
 # limitations under the License.
 from collections import namedtuple
 
-from ._base import Stream
-
-FederationStreamRow = namedtuple(
-    "FederationStreamRow",
-    (
-        "type",  # str, the type of data as defined in the BaseFederationRows
-        "data",  # dict, serialization of a federation.send_queue.BaseFederationRow
-    ),
-)
+from synapse.replication.tcp.streams._base import Stream, db_query_to_update_function
 
 
 class FederationStream(Stream):
@@ -31,13 +23,33 @@ class FederationStream(Stream):
     sending disabled.
     """
 
+    FederationStreamRow = namedtuple(
+        "FederationStreamRow",
+        (
+            "type",  # str, the type of data as defined in the BaseFederationRows
+            "data",  # dict, serialization of a federation.send_queue.BaseFederationRow
+        ),
+    )
+
     NAME = "federation"
     ROW_TYPE = FederationStreamRow
 
     def __init__(self, hs):
-        federation_sender = hs.get_federation_sender()
-
-        self.current_token = federation_sender.get_current_token  # type: ignore
-        self.update_function = federation_sender.get_replication_rows  # type: ignore
-
-        super(FederationStream, self).__init__(hs)
+        # Not all synapse instances will have a federation sender instance,
+        # whether that's a `FederationSender` or a `FederationRemoteSendQueue`,
+        # so we stub the stream out when that is the case.
+        if hs.config.worker_app is None or hs.should_send_federation():
+            federation_sender = hs.get_federation_sender()
+            current_token = federation_sender.get_current_token
+            update_function = db_query_to_update_function(
+                federation_sender.get_replication_rows
+            )
+        else:
+            current_token = lambda: 0
+            update_function = self._stub_update_function
+
+        super().__init__(current_token, update_function)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    async def _stub_update_function(from_token, upto_token, limit):
+        return [], upto_token, False
diff --git a/synapse/res/templates/sso_account_deactivated.html b/synapse/res/templates/sso_account_deactivated.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4eb8db9fb4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/res/templates/sso_account_deactivated.html
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+    <meta charset="UTF-8">
+    <title>SSO account deactivated</title>
+</head>
+    <body>
+        <p>This account has been deactivated.</p>
+    </body>
+</html>
diff --git a/synapse/res/templates/sso_auth_confirm.html b/synapse/res/templates/sso_auth_confirm.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0d9de9d465
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/res/templates/sso_auth_confirm.html
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+<html>
+<head>
+    <title>Authentication</title>
+</head>
+    <body>
+        <div>
+            <p>
+                A client is trying to {{ description | e }}. To confirm this action,
+                <a href="{{ redirect_url | e }}">re-authenticate with single sign-on</a>.
+                If you did not expect this, your account may be compromised!
+            </p>
+        </div>
+    </body>
+</html>
diff --git a/synapse/res/templates/sso_auth_success.html b/synapse/res/templates/sso_auth_success.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..03f1419467
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/res/templates/sso_auth_success.html
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+<html>
+<head>
+    <title>Authentication Successful</title>
+    <script>
+    if (window.onAuthDone) {
+        window.onAuthDone();
+    } else if (window.opener && window.opener.postMessage) {
+        window.opener.postMessage("authDone", "*");
+    }
+    </script>
+</head>
+    <body>
+        <div>
+            <p>Thank you</p>
+            <p>You may now close this window and return to the application</p>
+        </div>
+    </body>
+</html>
diff --git a/synapse/rest/__init__.py b/synapse/rest/__init__.py
index 4a1fc2ec2b..46e458e95b 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/__init__.py
@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@ from synapse.rest.client.v2_alpha import (
     keys,
     notifications,
     openid,
+    password_policy,
     read_marker,
     receipts,
     register,
@@ -118,6 +119,7 @@ class ClientRestResource(JsonResource):
         capabilities.register_servlets(hs, client_resource)
         account_validity.register_servlets(hs, client_resource)
         relations.register_servlets(hs, client_resource)
+        password_policy.register_servlets(hs, client_resource)
 
         # moving to /_synapse/admin
         synapse.rest.admin.register_servlets_for_client_rest_resource(
diff --git a/synapse/rest/admin/__init__.py b/synapse/rest/admin/__init__.py
index 42cc2b062a..ed70d448a1 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/admin/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/admin/__init__.py
@@ -29,7 +29,11 @@ from synapse.rest.admin._base import (
 from synapse.rest.admin.groups import DeleteGroupAdminRestServlet
 from synapse.rest.admin.media import ListMediaInRoom, register_servlets_for_media_repo
 from synapse.rest.admin.purge_room_servlet import PurgeRoomServlet
-from synapse.rest.admin.rooms import ListRoomRestServlet, ShutdownRoomRestServlet
+from synapse.rest.admin.rooms import (
+    JoinRoomAliasServlet,
+    ListRoomRestServlet,
+    ShutdownRoomRestServlet,
+)
 from synapse.rest.admin.server_notice_servlet import SendServerNoticeServlet
 from synapse.rest.admin.users import (
     AccountValidityRenewServlet,
@@ -189,6 +193,7 @@ def register_servlets(hs, http_server):
     """
     register_servlets_for_client_rest_resource(hs, http_server)
     ListRoomRestServlet(hs).register(http_server)
+    JoinRoomAliasServlet(hs).register(http_server)
     PurgeRoomServlet(hs).register(http_server)
     SendServerNoticeServlet(hs).register(http_server)
     VersionServlet(hs).register(http_server)
diff --git a/synapse/rest/admin/rooms.py b/synapse/rest/admin/rooms.py
index f9b8c0a4f0..659b8a10ee 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/admin/rooms.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/admin/rooms.py
@@ -13,9 +13,10 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 import logging
+from typing import List, Optional
 
-from synapse.api.constants import Membership
-from synapse.api.errors import Codes, SynapseError
+from synapse.api.constants import EventTypes, JoinRules, Membership
+from synapse.api.errors import Codes, NotFoundError, SynapseError
 from synapse.http.servlet import (
     RestServlet,
     assert_params_in_dict,
@@ -29,7 +30,7 @@ from synapse.rest.admin._base import (
     historical_admin_path_patterns,
 )
 from synapse.storage.data_stores.main.room import RoomSortOrder
-from synapse.types import create_requester
+from synapse.types import RoomAlias, RoomID, UserID, create_requester
 from synapse.util.async_helpers import maybe_awaitable
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
@@ -237,3 +238,75 @@ class ListRoomRestServlet(RestServlet):
                 response["prev_batch"] = 0
 
         return 200, response
+
+
+class JoinRoomAliasServlet(RestServlet):
+
+    PATTERNS = admin_patterns("/join/(?P<room_identifier>[^/]*)")
+
+    def __init__(self, hs):
+        self.hs = hs
+        self.auth = hs.get_auth()
+        self.room_member_handler = hs.get_room_member_handler()
+        self.admin_handler = hs.get_handlers().admin_handler
+        self.state_handler = hs.get_state_handler()
+
+    async def on_POST(self, request, room_identifier):
+        requester = await self.auth.get_user_by_req(request)
+        await assert_user_is_admin(self.auth, requester.user)
+
+        content = parse_json_object_from_request(request)
+
+        assert_params_in_dict(content, ["user_id"])
+        target_user = UserID.from_string(content["user_id"])
+
+        if not self.hs.is_mine(target_user):
+            raise SynapseError(400, "This endpoint can only be used with local users")
+
+        if not await self.admin_handler.get_user(target_user):
+            raise NotFoundError("User not found")
+
+        if RoomID.is_valid(room_identifier):
+            room_id = room_identifier
+            try:
+                remote_room_hosts = [
+                    x.decode("ascii") for x in request.args[b"server_name"]
+                ]  # type: Optional[List[str]]
+            except Exception:
+                remote_room_hosts = None
+        elif RoomAlias.is_valid(room_identifier):
+            handler = self.room_member_handler
+            room_alias = RoomAlias.from_string(room_identifier)
+            room_id, remote_room_hosts = await handler.lookup_room_alias(room_alias)
+            room_id = room_id.to_string()
+        else:
+            raise SynapseError(
+                400, "%s was not legal room ID or room alias" % (room_identifier,)
+            )
+
+        fake_requester = create_requester(target_user)
+
+        # send invite if room has "JoinRules.INVITE"
+        room_state = await self.state_handler.get_current_state(room_id)
+        join_rules_event = room_state.get((EventTypes.JoinRules, ""))
+        if join_rules_event:
+            if not (join_rules_event.content.get("join_rule") == JoinRules.PUBLIC):
+                await self.room_member_handler.update_membership(
+                    requester=requester,
+                    target=fake_requester.user,
+                    room_id=room_id,
+                    action="invite",
+                    remote_room_hosts=remote_room_hosts,
+                    ratelimit=False,
+                )
+
+        await self.room_member_handler.update_membership(
+            requester=fake_requester,
+            target=fake_requester.user,
+            room_id=room_id,
+            action="join",
+            remote_room_hosts=remote_room_hosts,
+            ratelimit=False,
+        )
+
+        return 200, {"room_id": room_id}
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v1/login.py b/synapse/rest/client/v1/login.py
index d0d4999795..4de2f97d06 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v1/login.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v1/login.py
@@ -14,11 +14,6 @@
 # limitations under the License.
 
 import logging
-import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
-
-from six.moves import urllib
-
-from twisted.web.client import PartialDownloadError
 
 from synapse.api.errors import Codes, LoginError, SynapseError
 from synapse.api.ratelimiting import Ratelimiter
@@ -28,10 +23,10 @@ from synapse.http.servlet import (
     parse_json_object_from_request,
     parse_string,
 )
-from synapse.push.mailer import load_jinja2_templates
+from synapse.http.site import SynapseRequest
 from synapse.rest.client.v2_alpha._base import client_patterns
 from synapse.rest.well_known import WellKnownBuilder
-from synapse.types import UserID, map_username_to_mxid_localpart
+from synapse.types import UserID
 from synapse.util.msisdn import phone_number_to_msisdn
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
@@ -402,7 +397,7 @@ class BaseSSORedirectServlet(RestServlet):
 
     PATTERNS = client_patterns("/login/(cas|sso)/redirect", v1=True)
 
-    def on_GET(self, request):
+    def on_GET(self, request: SynapseRequest):
         args = request.args
         if b"redirectUrl" not in args:
             return 400, "Redirect URL not specified for SSO auth"
@@ -411,15 +406,15 @@ class BaseSSORedirectServlet(RestServlet):
         request.redirect(sso_url)
         finish_request(request)
 
-    def get_sso_url(self, client_redirect_url):
+    def get_sso_url(self, client_redirect_url: bytes) -> bytes:
         """Get the URL to redirect to, to perform SSO auth
 
         Args:
-            client_redirect_url (bytes): the URL that we should redirect the
+            client_redirect_url: the URL that we should redirect the
                 client to when everything is done
 
         Returns:
-            bytes: URL to redirect to
+            URL to redirect to
         """
         # to be implemented by subclasses
         raise NotImplementedError()
@@ -427,19 +422,12 @@ class BaseSSORedirectServlet(RestServlet):
 
 class CasRedirectServlet(BaseSSORedirectServlet):
     def __init__(self, hs):
-        super(CasRedirectServlet, self).__init__()
-        self.cas_server_url = hs.config.cas_server_url.encode("ascii")
-        self.cas_service_url = hs.config.cas_service_url.encode("ascii")
+        self._cas_handler = hs.get_cas_handler()
 
-    def get_sso_url(self, client_redirect_url):
-        client_redirect_url_param = urllib.parse.urlencode(
-            {b"redirectUrl": client_redirect_url}
+    def get_sso_url(self, client_redirect_url: bytes) -> bytes:
+        return self._cas_handler.get_redirect_url(
+            {"redirectUrl": client_redirect_url}
         ).encode("ascii")
-        hs_redirect_url = self.cas_service_url + b"/_matrix/client/r0/login/cas/ticket"
-        service_param = urllib.parse.urlencode(
-            {b"service": b"%s?%s" % (hs_redirect_url, client_redirect_url_param)}
-        ).encode("ascii")
-        return b"%s/login?%s" % (self.cas_server_url, service_param)
 
 
 class CasTicketServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -447,81 +435,25 @@ class CasTicketServlet(RestServlet):
 
     def __init__(self, hs):
         super(CasTicketServlet, self).__init__()
-        self.cas_server_url = hs.config.cas_server_url
-        self.cas_service_url = hs.config.cas_service_url
-        self.cas_displayname_attribute = hs.config.cas_displayname_attribute
-        self.cas_required_attributes = hs.config.cas_required_attributes
-        self._sso_auth_handler = SSOAuthHandler(hs)
-        self._http_client = hs.get_proxied_http_client()
-
-    async def on_GET(self, request):
-        client_redirect_url = parse_string(request, "redirectUrl", required=True)
-        uri = self.cas_server_url + "/proxyValidate"
-        args = {
-            "ticket": parse_string(request, "ticket", required=True),
-            "service": self.cas_service_url,
-        }
-        try:
-            body = await self._http_client.get_raw(uri, args)
-        except PartialDownloadError as pde:
-            # Twisted raises this error if the connection is closed,
-            # even if that's being used old-http style to signal end-of-data
-            body = pde.response
-        result = await self.handle_cas_response(request, body, client_redirect_url)
-        return result
+        self._cas_handler = hs.get_cas_handler()
 
-    def handle_cas_response(self, request, cas_response_body, client_redirect_url):
-        user, attributes = self.parse_cas_response(cas_response_body)
-        displayname = attributes.pop(self.cas_displayname_attribute, None)
+    async def on_GET(self, request: SynapseRequest) -> None:
+        client_redirect_url = parse_string(request, "redirectUrl")
+        ticket = parse_string(request, "ticket", required=True)
 
-        for required_attribute, required_value in self.cas_required_attributes.items():
-            # If required attribute was not in CAS Response - Forbidden
-            if required_attribute not in attributes:
-                raise LoginError(401, "Unauthorized", errcode=Codes.UNAUTHORIZED)
+        # Maybe get a session ID (if this ticket is from user interactive
+        # authentication).
+        session = parse_string(request, "session")
 
-            # Also need to check value
-            if required_value is not None:
-                actual_value = attributes[required_attribute]
-                # If required attribute value does not match expected - Forbidden
-                if required_value != actual_value:
-                    raise LoginError(401, "Unauthorized", errcode=Codes.UNAUTHORIZED)
+        # Either client_redirect_url or session must be provided.
+        if not client_redirect_url and not session:
+            message = "Missing string query parameter redirectUrl or session"
+            raise SynapseError(400, message, errcode=Codes.MISSING_PARAM)
 
-        return self._sso_auth_handler.on_successful_auth(
-            user, request, client_redirect_url, displayname
+        await self._cas_handler.handle_ticket(
+            request, ticket, client_redirect_url, session
         )
 
-    def parse_cas_response(self, cas_response_body):
-        user = None
-        attributes = {}
-        try:
-            root = ET.fromstring(cas_response_body)
-            if not root.tag.endswith("serviceResponse"):
-                raise Exception("root of CAS response is not serviceResponse")
-            success = root[0].tag.endswith("authenticationSuccess")
-            for child in root[0]:
-                if child.tag.endswith("user"):
-                    user = child.text
-                if child.tag.endswith("attributes"):
-                    for attribute in child:
-                        # ElementTree library expands the namespace in
-                        # attribute tags to the full URL of the namespace.
-                        # We don't care about namespace here and it will always
-                        # be encased in curly braces, so we remove them.
-                        tag = attribute.tag
-                        if "}" in tag:
-                            tag = tag.split("}")[1]
-                        attributes[tag] = attribute.text
-            if user is None:
-                raise Exception("CAS response does not contain user")
-        except Exception:
-            logger.exception("Error parsing CAS response")
-            raise LoginError(401, "Invalid CAS response", errcode=Codes.UNAUTHORIZED)
-        if not success:
-            raise LoginError(
-                401, "Unsuccessful CAS response", errcode=Codes.UNAUTHORIZED
-            )
-        return user, attributes
-
 
 class SAMLRedirectServlet(BaseSSORedirectServlet):
     PATTERNS = client_patterns("/login/sso/redirect", v1=True)
@@ -529,72 +461,10 @@ class SAMLRedirectServlet(BaseSSORedirectServlet):
     def __init__(self, hs):
         self._saml_handler = hs.get_saml_handler()
 
-    def get_sso_url(self, client_redirect_url):
+    def get_sso_url(self, client_redirect_url: bytes) -> bytes:
         return self._saml_handler.handle_redirect_request(client_redirect_url)
 
 
-class SSOAuthHandler(object):
-    """
-    Utility class for Resources and Servlets which handle the response from a SSO
-    service
-
-    Args:
-        hs (synapse.server.HomeServer)
-    """
-
-    def __init__(self, hs):
-        self._hostname = hs.hostname
-        self._auth_handler = hs.get_auth_handler()
-        self._registration_handler = hs.get_registration_handler()
-        self._macaroon_gen = hs.get_macaroon_generator()
-
-        # Load the redirect page HTML template
-        self._template = load_jinja2_templates(
-            hs.config.sso_redirect_confirm_template_dir, ["sso_redirect_confirm.html"],
-        )[0]
-
-        self._server_name = hs.config.server_name
-
-        # cast to tuple for use with str.startswith
-        self._whitelisted_sso_clients = tuple(hs.config.sso_client_whitelist)
-
-    async def on_successful_auth(
-        self, username, request, client_redirect_url, user_display_name=None
-    ):
-        """Called once the user has successfully authenticated with the SSO.
-
-        Registers the user if necessary, and then returns a redirect (with
-        a login token) to the client.
-
-        Args:
-            username (unicode|bytes): the remote user id. We'll map this onto
-                something sane for a MXID localpath.
-
-            request (SynapseRequest): the incoming request from the browser. We'll
-                respond to it with a redirect.
-
-            client_redirect_url (unicode): the redirect_url the client gave us when
-                it first started the process.
-
-            user_display_name (unicode|None): if set, and we have to register a new user,
-                we will set their displayname to this.
-
-        Returns:
-            Deferred[none]: Completes once we have handled the request.
-        """
-        localpart = map_username_to_mxid_localpart(username)
-        user_id = UserID(localpart, self._hostname).to_string()
-        registered_user_id = await self._auth_handler.check_user_exists(user_id)
-        if not registered_user_id:
-            registered_user_id = await self._registration_handler.register_user(
-                localpart=localpart, default_display_name=user_display_name
-            )
-
-        self._auth_handler.complete_sso_login(
-            registered_user_id, request, client_redirect_url
-        )
-
-
 def register_servlets(hs, http_server):
     LoginRestServlet(hs).register(http_server)
     if hs.config.cas_enabled:
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v1/room.py b/synapse/rest/client/v1/room.py
index bffd43de5f..6b5830cc3f 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v1/room.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v1/room.py
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ from synapse.api.constants import EventTypes, Membership
 from synapse.api.errors import (
     AuthError,
     Codes,
+    HttpResponseException,
     InvalidClientCredentialsError,
     SynapseError,
 )
@@ -364,10 +365,13 @@ class PublicRoomListRestServlet(TransactionRestServlet):
             limit = None
 
         handler = self.hs.get_room_list_handler()
-        if server:
-            data = await handler.get_remote_public_room_list(
-                server, limit=limit, since_token=since_token
-            )
+        if server and server != self.hs.config.server_name:
+            try:
+                data = await handler.get_remote_public_room_list(
+                    server, limit=limit, since_token=since_token
+                )
+            except HttpResponseException as e:
+                raise e.to_synapse_error()
         else:
             data = await handler.get_local_public_room_list(
                 limit=limit, since_token=since_token
@@ -404,15 +408,18 @@ class PublicRoomListRestServlet(TransactionRestServlet):
             limit = None
 
         handler = self.hs.get_room_list_handler()
-        if server:
-            data = await handler.get_remote_public_room_list(
-                server,
-                limit=limit,
-                since_token=since_token,
-                search_filter=search_filter,
-                include_all_networks=include_all_networks,
-                third_party_instance_id=third_party_instance_id,
-            )
+        if server and server != self.hs.config.server_name:
+            try:
+                data = await handler.get_remote_public_room_list(
+                    server,
+                    limit=limit,
+                    since_token=since_token,
+                    search_filter=search_filter,
+                    include_all_networks=include_all_networks,
+                    third_party_instance_id=third_party_instance_id,
+                )
+            except HttpResponseException as e:
+                raise e.to_synapse_error()
         else:
             data = await handler.get_local_public_room_list(
                 limit=limit,
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/account.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/account.py
index 631cc74cb4..31435b1e1c 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/account.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/account.py
@@ -234,13 +234,21 @@ class PasswordRestServlet(RestServlet):
         if self.auth.has_access_token(request):
             requester = await self.auth.get_user_by_req(request)
             params = await self.auth_handler.validate_user_via_ui_auth(
-                requester, body, self.hs.get_ip_from_request(request)
+                requester,
+                request,
+                body,
+                self.hs.get_ip_from_request(request),
+                "modify your account password",
             )
             user_id = requester.user.to_string()
         else:
             requester = None
             result, params, _ = await self.auth_handler.check_auth(
-                [[LoginType.EMAIL_IDENTITY]], body, self.hs.get_ip_from_request(request)
+                [[LoginType.EMAIL_IDENTITY]],
+                request,
+                body,
+                self.hs.get_ip_from_request(request),
+                "modify your account password",
             )
 
             if LoginType.EMAIL_IDENTITY in result:
@@ -308,7 +316,11 @@ class DeactivateAccountRestServlet(RestServlet):
             return 200, {}
 
         await self.auth_handler.validate_user_via_ui_auth(
-            requester, body, self.hs.get_ip_from_request(request)
+            requester,
+            request,
+            body,
+            self.hs.get_ip_from_request(request),
+            "deactivate your account",
         )
         result = await self._deactivate_account_handler.deactivate_account(
             requester.user.to_string(), erase, id_server=body.get("id_server")
@@ -602,6 +614,11 @@ class ThreepidRestServlet(RestServlet):
         return 200, {"threepids": threepids}
 
     async def on_POST(self, request):
+        if not self.hs.config.enable_3pid_changes:
+            raise SynapseError(
+                400, "3PID changes are disabled on this server", Codes.FORBIDDEN
+            )
+
         requester = await self.auth.get_user_by_req(request)
         user_id = requester.user.to_string()
         body = parse_json_object_from_request(request)
@@ -646,6 +663,11 @@ class ThreepidAddRestServlet(RestServlet):
 
     @interactive_auth_handler
     async def on_POST(self, request):
+        if not self.hs.config.enable_3pid_changes:
+            raise SynapseError(
+                400, "3PID changes are disabled on this server", Codes.FORBIDDEN
+            )
+
         requester = await self.auth.get_user_by_req(request)
         user_id = requester.user.to_string()
         body = parse_json_object_from_request(request)
@@ -656,7 +678,11 @@ class ThreepidAddRestServlet(RestServlet):
         assert_valid_client_secret(client_secret)
 
         await self.auth_handler.validate_user_via_ui_auth(
-            requester, body, self.hs.get_ip_from_request(request)
+            requester,
+            request,
+            body,
+            self.hs.get_ip_from_request(request),
+            "add a third-party identifier to your account",
         )
 
         validation_session = await self.identity_handler.validate_threepid_session(
@@ -741,10 +767,16 @@ class ThreepidDeleteRestServlet(RestServlet):
 
     def __init__(self, hs):
         super(ThreepidDeleteRestServlet, self).__init__()
+        self.hs = hs
         self.auth = hs.get_auth()
         self.auth_handler = hs.get_auth_handler()
 
     async def on_POST(self, request):
+        if not self.hs.config.enable_3pid_changes:
+            raise SynapseError(
+                400, "3PID changes are disabled on this server", Codes.FORBIDDEN
+            )
+
         body = parse_json_object_from_request(request)
         assert_params_in_dict(body, ["medium", "address"])
 
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/auth.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/auth.py
index 50e080673b..11599f5005 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/auth.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/auth.py
@@ -130,6 +130,16 @@ class AuthRestServlet(RestServlet):
         self.auth_handler = hs.get_auth_handler()
         self.registration_handler = hs.get_registration_handler()
 
+        # SSO configuration.
+        self._saml_enabled = hs.config.saml2_enabled
+        if self._saml_enabled:
+            self._saml_handler = hs.get_saml_handler()
+        self._cas_enabled = hs.config.cas_enabled
+        if self._cas_enabled:
+            self._cas_handler = hs.get_cas_handler()
+            self._cas_server_url = hs.config.cas_server_url
+            self._cas_service_url = hs.config.cas_service_url
+
     def on_GET(self, request, stagetype):
         session = parse_string(request, "session")
         if not session:
@@ -142,14 +152,6 @@ class AuthRestServlet(RestServlet):
                 % (CLIENT_API_PREFIX, LoginType.RECAPTCHA),
                 "sitekey": self.hs.config.recaptcha_public_key,
             }
-            html_bytes = html.encode("utf8")
-            request.setResponseCode(200)
-            request.setHeader(b"Content-Type", b"text/html; charset=utf-8")
-            request.setHeader(b"Content-Length", b"%d" % (len(html_bytes),))
-
-            request.write(html_bytes)
-            finish_request(request)
-            return None
         elif stagetype == LoginType.TERMS:
             html = TERMS_TEMPLATE % {
                 "session": session,
@@ -158,17 +160,41 @@ class AuthRestServlet(RestServlet):
                 "myurl": "%s/r0/auth/%s/fallback/web"
                 % (CLIENT_API_PREFIX, LoginType.TERMS),
             }
-            html_bytes = html.encode("utf8")
-            request.setResponseCode(200)
-            request.setHeader(b"Content-Type", b"text/html; charset=utf-8")
-            request.setHeader(b"Content-Length", b"%d" % (len(html_bytes),))
-
-            request.write(html_bytes)
-            finish_request(request)
-            return None
+
+        elif stagetype == LoginType.SSO:
+            # Display a confirmation page which prompts the user to
+            # re-authenticate with their SSO provider.
+            if self._cas_enabled:
+                # Generate a request to CAS that redirects back to an endpoint
+                # to verify the successful authentication.
+                sso_redirect_url = self._cas_handler.get_redirect_url(
+                    {"session": session},
+                )
+
+            elif self._saml_enabled:
+                client_redirect_url = ""
+                sso_redirect_url = self._saml_handler.handle_redirect_request(
+                    client_redirect_url, session
+                )
+
+            else:
+                raise SynapseError(400, "Homeserver not configured for SSO.")
+
+            html = self.auth_handler.start_sso_ui_auth(sso_redirect_url, session)
+
         else:
             raise SynapseError(404, "Unknown auth stage type")
 
+        # Render the HTML and return.
+        html_bytes = html.encode("utf8")
+        request.setResponseCode(200)
+        request.setHeader(b"Content-Type", b"text/html; charset=utf-8")
+        request.setHeader(b"Content-Length", b"%d" % (len(html_bytes),))
+
+        request.write(html_bytes)
+        finish_request(request)
+        return None
+
     async def on_POST(self, request, stagetype):
 
         session = parse_string(request, "session")
@@ -196,15 +222,6 @@ class AuthRestServlet(RestServlet):
                     % (CLIENT_API_PREFIX, LoginType.RECAPTCHA),
                     "sitekey": self.hs.config.recaptcha_public_key,
                 }
-            html_bytes = html.encode("utf8")
-            request.setResponseCode(200)
-            request.setHeader(b"Content-Type", b"text/html; charset=utf-8")
-            request.setHeader(b"Content-Length", b"%d" % (len(html_bytes),))
-
-            request.write(html_bytes)
-            finish_request(request)
-
-            return None
         elif stagetype == LoginType.TERMS:
             authdict = {"session": session}
 
@@ -225,17 +242,22 @@ class AuthRestServlet(RestServlet):
                     "myurl": "%s/r0/auth/%s/fallback/web"
                     % (CLIENT_API_PREFIX, LoginType.TERMS),
                 }
-            html_bytes = html.encode("utf8")
-            request.setResponseCode(200)
-            request.setHeader(b"Content-Type", b"text/html; charset=utf-8")
-            request.setHeader(b"Content-Length", b"%d" % (len(html_bytes),))
-
-            request.write(html_bytes)
-            finish_request(request)
-            return None
+        elif stagetype == LoginType.SSO:
+            # The SSO fallback workflow should not post here,
+            raise SynapseError(404, "Fallback SSO auth does not support POST requests.")
         else:
             raise SynapseError(404, "Unknown auth stage type")
 
+        # Render the HTML and return.
+        html_bytes = html.encode("utf8")
+        request.setResponseCode(200)
+        request.setHeader(b"Content-Type", b"text/html; charset=utf-8")
+        request.setHeader(b"Content-Length", b"%d" % (len(html_bytes),))
+
+        request.write(html_bytes)
+        finish_request(request)
+        return None
+
     def on_OPTIONS(self, _):
         return 200, {}
 
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/devices.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/devices.py
index 94ff73f384..c0714fcfb1 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/devices.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/devices.py
@@ -81,7 +81,11 @@ class DeleteDevicesRestServlet(RestServlet):
         assert_params_in_dict(body, ["devices"])
 
         await self.auth_handler.validate_user_via_ui_auth(
-            requester, body, self.hs.get_ip_from_request(request)
+            requester,
+            request,
+            body,
+            self.hs.get_ip_from_request(request),
+            "remove device(s) from your account",
         )
 
         await self.device_handler.delete_devices(
@@ -127,7 +131,11 @@ class DeviceRestServlet(RestServlet):
                 raise
 
         await self.auth_handler.validate_user_via_ui_auth(
-            requester, body, self.hs.get_ip_from_request(request)
+            requester,
+            request,
+            body,
+            self.hs.get_ip_from_request(request),
+            "remove a device from your account",
         )
 
         await self.device_handler.delete_device(requester.user.to_string(), device_id)
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/keys.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/keys.py
index f7ed4daf90..8f41a3edbf 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/keys.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/keys.py
@@ -263,7 +263,11 @@ class SigningKeyUploadServlet(RestServlet):
         body = parse_json_object_from_request(request)
 
         await self.auth_handler.validate_user_via_ui_auth(
-            requester, body, self.hs.get_ip_from_request(request)
+            requester,
+            request,
+            body,
+            self.hs.get_ip_from_request(request),
+            "add a device signing key to your account",
         )
 
         result = await self.e2e_keys_handler.upload_signing_keys_for_user(user_id, body)
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/password_policy.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/password_policy.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..968403cca4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/password_policy.py
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+import logging
+
+from synapse.http.servlet import RestServlet
+
+from ._base import client_patterns
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class PasswordPolicyServlet(RestServlet):
+    PATTERNS = client_patterns("/password_policy$")
+
+    def __init__(self, hs):
+        """
+        Args:
+            hs (synapse.server.HomeServer): server
+        """
+        super(PasswordPolicyServlet, self).__init__()
+
+        self.policy = hs.config.password_policy
+        self.enabled = hs.config.password_policy_enabled
+
+    def on_GET(self, request):
+        if not self.enabled or not self.policy:
+            return (200, {})
+
+        policy = {}
+
+        for param in [
+            "minimum_length",
+            "require_digit",
+            "require_symbol",
+            "require_lowercase",
+            "require_uppercase",
+        ]:
+            if param in self.policy:
+                policy["m.%s" % param] = self.policy[param]
+
+        return (200, policy)
+
+
+def register_servlets(hs, http_server):
+    PasswordPolicyServlet(hs).register(http_server)
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/register.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/register.py
index a09189b1b4..431ecf4f84 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/register.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/register.py
@@ -373,6 +373,7 @@ class RegisterRestServlet(RestServlet):
         self.room_member_handler = hs.get_room_member_handler()
         self.macaroon_gen = hs.get_macaroon_generator()
         self.ratelimiter = hs.get_registration_ratelimiter()
+        self.password_policy_handler = hs.get_password_policy_handler()
         self.clock = hs.get_clock()
 
         self._registration_flows = _calculate_registration_flows(
@@ -420,6 +421,7 @@ class RegisterRestServlet(RestServlet):
                 or len(body["password"]) > 512
             ):
                 raise SynapseError(400, "Invalid password")
+            self.password_policy_handler.validate_password(body["password"])
 
         desired_username = None
         if "username" in body:
@@ -499,7 +501,11 @@ class RegisterRestServlet(RestServlet):
             )
 
         auth_result, params, session_id = await self.auth_handler.check_auth(
-            self._registration_flows, body, self.hs.get_ip_from_request(request)
+            self._registration_flows,
+            request,
+            body,
+            self.hs.get_ip_from_request(request),
+            "register a new account",
         )
 
         # Check that we're not trying to register a denied 3pid.
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/room_keys.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/room_keys.py
index 38952a1d27..59529707df 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/room_keys.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/room_keys.py
@@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ class RoomKeysServlet(RestServlet):
         """
         requester = await self.auth.get_user_by_req(request, allow_guest=False)
         user_id = requester.user.to_string()
-        version = parse_string(request, "version")
+        version = parse_string(request, "version", required=True)
 
         room_keys = await self.e2e_room_keys_handler.get_room_keys(
             user_id, version, room_id, session_id
diff --git a/synapse/rest/media/v1/download_resource.py b/synapse/rest/media/v1/download_resource.py
index 66a01559e1..24d3ae5bbc 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/media/v1/download_resource.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/media/v1/download_resource.py
@@ -50,6 +50,9 @@ class DownloadResource(DirectServeResource):
             b" media-src 'self';"
             b" object-src 'self';",
         )
+        request.setHeader(
+            b"Referrer-Policy", b"no-referrer",
+        )
         server_name, media_id, name = parse_media_id(request)
         if server_name == self.server_name:
             await self.media_repo.get_local_media(request, media_id, name)
diff --git a/synapse/rest/media/v1/media_repository.py b/synapse/rest/media/v1/media_repository.py
index 490b1b45a8..fd10d42f2f 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/media/v1/media_repository.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/media/v1/media_repository.py
@@ -24,7 +24,6 @@ from six import iteritems
 
 import twisted.internet.error
 import twisted.web.http
-from twisted.internet import defer
 from twisted.web.resource import Resource
 
 from synapse.api.errors import (
@@ -114,15 +113,14 @@ class MediaRepository(object):
             "update_recently_accessed_media", self._update_recently_accessed
         )
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _update_recently_accessed(self):
+    async def _update_recently_accessed(self):
         remote_media = self.recently_accessed_remotes
         self.recently_accessed_remotes = set()
 
         local_media = self.recently_accessed_locals
         self.recently_accessed_locals = set()
 
-        yield self.store.update_cached_last_access_time(
+        await self.store.update_cached_last_access_time(
             local_media, remote_media, self.clock.time_msec()
         )
 
@@ -138,8 +136,7 @@ class MediaRepository(object):
         else:
             self.recently_accessed_locals.add(media_id)
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def create_content(
+    async def create_content(
         self, media_type, upload_name, content, content_length, auth_user
     ):
         """Store uploaded content for a local user and return the mxc URL
@@ -158,11 +155,11 @@ class MediaRepository(object):
 
         file_info = FileInfo(server_name=None, file_id=media_id)
 
-        fname = yield self.media_storage.store_file(content, file_info)
+        fname = await self.media_storage.store_file(content, file_info)
 
         logger.info("Stored local media in file %r", fname)
 
-        yield self.store.store_local_media(
+        await self.store.store_local_media(
             media_id=media_id,
             media_type=media_type,
             time_now_ms=self.clock.time_msec(),
@@ -171,12 +168,11 @@ class MediaRepository(object):
             user_id=auth_user,
         )
 
-        yield self._generate_thumbnails(None, media_id, media_id, media_type)
+        await self._generate_thumbnails(None, media_id, media_id, media_type)
 
         return "mxc://%s/%s" % (self.server_name, media_id)
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def get_local_media(self, request, media_id, name):
+    async def get_local_media(self, request, media_id, name):
         """Responds to reqests for local media, if exists, or returns 404.
 
         Args:
@@ -190,7 +186,7 @@ class MediaRepository(object):
             Deferred: Resolves once a response has successfully been written
                 to request
         """
-        media_info = yield self.store.get_local_media(media_id)
+        media_info = await self.store.get_local_media(media_id)
         if not media_info or media_info["quarantined_by"]:
             respond_404(request)
             return
@@ -204,13 +200,12 @@ class MediaRepository(object):
 
         file_info = FileInfo(None, media_id, url_cache=url_cache)
 
-        responder = yield self.media_storage.fetch_media(file_info)
-        yield respond_with_responder(
+        responder = await self.media_storage.fetch_media(file_info)
+        await respond_with_responder(
             request, responder, media_type, media_length, upload_name
         )
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def get_remote_media(self, request, server_name, media_id, name):
+    async def get_remote_media(self, request, server_name, media_id, name):
         """Respond to requests for remote media.
 
         Args:
@@ -236,8 +231,8 @@ class MediaRepository(object):
         # We linearize here to ensure that we don't try and download remote
         # media multiple times concurrently
         key = (server_name, media_id)
-        with (yield self.remote_media_linearizer.queue(key)):
-            responder, media_info = yield self._get_remote_media_impl(
+        with (await self.remote_media_linearizer.queue(key)):
+            responder, media_info = await self._get_remote_media_impl(
                 server_name, media_id
             )
 
@@ -246,14 +241,13 @@ class MediaRepository(object):
             media_type = media_info["media_type"]
             media_length = media_info["media_length"]
             upload_name = name if name else media_info["upload_name"]
-            yield respond_with_responder(
+            await respond_with_responder(
                 request, responder, media_type, media_length, upload_name
             )
         else:
             respond_404(request)
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def get_remote_media_info(self, server_name, media_id):
+    async def get_remote_media_info(self, server_name, media_id):
         """Gets the media info associated with the remote file, downloading
         if necessary.
 
@@ -274,8 +268,8 @@ class MediaRepository(object):
         # We linearize here to ensure that we don't try and download remote
         # media multiple times concurrently
         key = (server_name, media_id)
-        with (yield self.remote_media_linearizer.queue(key)):
-            responder, media_info = yield self._get_remote_media_impl(
+        with (await self.remote_media_linearizer.queue(key)):
+            responder, media_info = await self._get_remote_media_impl(
                 server_name, media_id
             )
 
@@ -286,8 +280,7 @@ class MediaRepository(object):
 
         return media_info
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _get_remote_media_impl(self, server_name, media_id):
+    async def _get_remote_media_impl(self, server_name, media_id):
         """Looks for media in local cache, if not there then attempt to
         download from remote server.
 
@@ -299,7 +292,7 @@ class MediaRepository(object):
         Returns:
             Deferred[(Responder, media_info)]
         """
-        media_info = yield self.store.get_cached_remote_media(server_name, media_id)
+        media_info = await self.store.get_cached_remote_media(server_name, media_id)
 
         # file_id is the ID we use to track the file locally. If we've already
         # seen the file then reuse the existing ID, otherwise genereate a new
@@ -317,19 +310,18 @@ class MediaRepository(object):
                 logger.info("Media is quarantined")
                 raise NotFoundError()
 
-            responder = yield self.media_storage.fetch_media(file_info)
+            responder = await self.media_storage.fetch_media(file_info)
             if responder:
                 return responder, media_info
 
         # Failed to find the file anywhere, lets download it.
 
-        media_info = yield self._download_remote_file(server_name, media_id, file_id)
+        media_info = await self._download_remote_file(server_name, media_id, file_id)
 
-        responder = yield self.media_storage.fetch_media(file_info)
+        responder = await self.media_storage.fetch_media(file_info)
         return responder, media_info
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _download_remote_file(self, server_name, media_id, file_id):
+    async def _download_remote_file(self, server_name, media_id, file_id):
         """Attempt to download the remote file from the given server name,
         using the given file_id as the local id.
 
@@ -351,7 +343,7 @@ class MediaRepository(object):
                 ("/_matrix/media/v1/download", server_name, media_id)
             )
             try:
-                length, headers = yield self.client.get_file(
+                length, headers = await self.client.get_file(
                     server_name,
                     request_path,
                     output_stream=f,
@@ -397,7 +389,7 @@ class MediaRepository(object):
                 )
                 raise SynapseError(502, "Failed to fetch remote media")
 
-            yield finish()
+            await finish()
 
         media_type = headers[b"Content-Type"][0].decode("ascii")
         upload_name = get_filename_from_headers(headers)
@@ -405,7 +397,7 @@ class MediaRepository(object):
 
         logger.info("Stored remote media in file %r", fname)
 
-        yield self.store.store_cached_remote_media(
+        await self.store.store_cached_remote_media(
             origin=server_name,
             media_id=media_id,
             media_type=media_type,
@@ -423,7 +415,7 @@ class MediaRepository(object):
             "filesystem_id": file_id,
         }
 
-        yield self._generate_thumbnails(server_name, media_id, file_id, media_type)
+        await self._generate_thumbnails(server_name, media_id, file_id, media_type)
 
         return media_info
 
@@ -458,16 +450,15 @@ class MediaRepository(object):
 
         return t_byte_source
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def generate_local_exact_thumbnail(
+    async def generate_local_exact_thumbnail(
         self, media_id, t_width, t_height, t_method, t_type, url_cache
     ):
-        input_path = yield self.media_storage.ensure_media_is_in_local_cache(
+        input_path = await self.media_storage.ensure_media_is_in_local_cache(
             FileInfo(None, media_id, url_cache=url_cache)
         )
 
         thumbnailer = Thumbnailer(input_path)
-        t_byte_source = yield defer_to_thread(
+        t_byte_source = await defer_to_thread(
             self.hs.get_reactor(),
             self._generate_thumbnail,
             thumbnailer,
@@ -490,7 +481,7 @@ class MediaRepository(object):
                     thumbnail_type=t_type,
                 )
 
-                output_path = yield self.media_storage.store_file(
+                output_path = await self.media_storage.store_file(
                     t_byte_source, file_info
                 )
             finally:
@@ -500,22 +491,21 @@ class MediaRepository(object):
 
             t_len = os.path.getsize(output_path)
 
-            yield self.store.store_local_thumbnail(
+            await self.store.store_local_thumbnail(
                 media_id, t_width, t_height, t_type, t_method, t_len
             )
 
             return output_path
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def generate_remote_exact_thumbnail(
+    async def generate_remote_exact_thumbnail(
         self, server_name, file_id, media_id, t_width, t_height, t_method, t_type
     ):
-        input_path = yield self.media_storage.ensure_media_is_in_local_cache(
+        input_path = await self.media_storage.ensure_media_is_in_local_cache(
             FileInfo(server_name, file_id, url_cache=False)
         )
 
         thumbnailer = Thumbnailer(input_path)
-        t_byte_source = yield defer_to_thread(
+        t_byte_source = await defer_to_thread(
             self.hs.get_reactor(),
             self._generate_thumbnail,
             thumbnailer,
@@ -537,7 +527,7 @@ class MediaRepository(object):
                     thumbnail_type=t_type,
                 )
 
-                output_path = yield self.media_storage.store_file(
+                output_path = await self.media_storage.store_file(
                     t_byte_source, file_info
                 )
             finally:
@@ -547,7 +537,7 @@ class MediaRepository(object):
 
             t_len = os.path.getsize(output_path)
 
-            yield self.store.store_remote_media_thumbnail(
+            await self.store.store_remote_media_thumbnail(
                 server_name,
                 media_id,
                 file_id,
@@ -560,8 +550,7 @@ class MediaRepository(object):
 
             return output_path
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _generate_thumbnails(
+    async def _generate_thumbnails(
         self, server_name, media_id, file_id, media_type, url_cache=False
     ):
         """Generate and store thumbnails for an image.
@@ -582,7 +571,7 @@ class MediaRepository(object):
         if not requirements:
             return
 
-        input_path = yield self.media_storage.ensure_media_is_in_local_cache(
+        input_path = await self.media_storage.ensure_media_is_in_local_cache(
             FileInfo(server_name, file_id, url_cache=url_cache)
         )
 
@@ -600,7 +589,7 @@ class MediaRepository(object):
             return
 
         if thumbnailer.transpose_method is not None:
-            m_width, m_height = yield defer_to_thread(
+            m_width, m_height = await defer_to_thread(
                 self.hs.get_reactor(), thumbnailer.transpose
             )
 
@@ -620,11 +609,11 @@ class MediaRepository(object):
         for (t_width, t_height, t_type), t_method in iteritems(thumbnails):
             # Generate the thumbnail
             if t_method == "crop":
-                t_byte_source = yield defer_to_thread(
+                t_byte_source = await defer_to_thread(
                     self.hs.get_reactor(), thumbnailer.crop, t_width, t_height, t_type
                 )
             elif t_method == "scale":
-                t_byte_source = yield defer_to_thread(
+                t_byte_source = await defer_to_thread(
                     self.hs.get_reactor(), thumbnailer.scale, t_width, t_height, t_type
                 )
             else:
@@ -646,7 +635,7 @@ class MediaRepository(object):
                     url_cache=url_cache,
                 )
 
-                output_path = yield self.media_storage.store_file(
+                output_path = await self.media_storage.store_file(
                     t_byte_source, file_info
                 )
             finally:
@@ -656,7 +645,7 @@ class MediaRepository(object):
 
             # Write to database
             if server_name:
-                yield self.store.store_remote_media_thumbnail(
+                await self.store.store_remote_media_thumbnail(
                     server_name,
                     media_id,
                     file_id,
@@ -667,15 +656,14 @@ class MediaRepository(object):
                     t_len,
                 )
             else:
-                yield self.store.store_local_thumbnail(
+                await self.store.store_local_thumbnail(
                     media_id, t_width, t_height, t_type, t_method, t_len
                 )
 
         return {"width": m_width, "height": m_height}
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def delete_old_remote_media(self, before_ts):
-        old_media = yield self.store.get_remote_media_before(before_ts)
+    async def delete_old_remote_media(self, before_ts):
+        old_media = await self.store.get_remote_media_before(before_ts)
 
         deleted = 0
 
@@ -689,7 +677,7 @@ class MediaRepository(object):
 
             # TODO: Should we delete from the backup store
 
-            with (yield self.remote_media_linearizer.queue(key)):
+            with (await self.remote_media_linearizer.queue(key)):
                 full_path = self.filepaths.remote_media_filepath(origin, file_id)
                 try:
                     os.remove(full_path)
@@ -705,7 +693,7 @@ class MediaRepository(object):
                 )
                 shutil.rmtree(thumbnail_dir, ignore_errors=True)
 
-                yield self.store.delete_remote_media(origin, media_id)
+                await self.store.delete_remote_media(origin, media_id)
                 deleted += 1
 
         return {"deleted": deleted}
diff --git a/synapse/rest/media/v1/preview_url_resource.py b/synapse/rest/media/v1/preview_url_resource.py
index 07e395cfd1..f206605727 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/media/v1/preview_url_resource.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/media/v1/preview_url_resource.py
@@ -86,6 +86,7 @@ class PreviewUrlResource(DirectServeResource):
         self.media_storage = media_storage
 
         self.url_preview_url_blacklist = hs.config.url_preview_url_blacklist
+        self.url_preview_accept_language = hs.config.url_preview_accept_language
 
         # memory cache mapping urls to an ObservableDeferred returning
         # JSON-encoded OG metadata
@@ -165,8 +166,7 @@ class PreviewUrlResource(DirectServeResource):
         og = await make_deferred_yieldable(defer.maybeDeferred(observable.observe))
         respond_with_json_bytes(request, 200, og, send_cors=True)
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _do_preview(self, url, user, ts):
+    async def _do_preview(self, url, user, ts):
         """Check the db, and download the URL and build a preview
 
         Args:
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ class PreviewUrlResource(DirectServeResource):
         """
         # check the URL cache in the DB (which will also provide us with
         # historical previews, if we have any)
-        cache_result = yield self.store.get_url_cache(url, ts)
+        cache_result = await self.store.get_url_cache(url, ts)
         if (
             cache_result
             and cache_result["expires_ts"] > ts
@@ -192,13 +192,13 @@ class PreviewUrlResource(DirectServeResource):
                 og = og.encode("utf8")
             return og
 
-        media_info = yield self._download_url(url, user)
+        media_info = await self._download_url(url, user)
 
         logger.debug("got media_info of '%s'", media_info)
 
         if _is_media(media_info["media_type"]):
             file_id = media_info["filesystem_id"]
-            dims = yield self.media_repo._generate_thumbnails(
+            dims = await self.media_repo._generate_thumbnails(
                 None, file_id, file_id, media_info["media_type"], url_cache=True
             )
 
@@ -248,14 +248,14 @@ class PreviewUrlResource(DirectServeResource):
             # request itself and benefit from the same caching etc.  But for now we
             # just rely on the caching on the master request to speed things up.
             if "og:image" in og and og["og:image"]:
-                image_info = yield self._download_url(
+                image_info = await self._download_url(
                     _rebase_url(og["og:image"], media_info["uri"]), user
                 )
 
                 if _is_media(image_info["media_type"]):
                     # TODO: make sure we don't choke on white-on-transparent images
                     file_id = image_info["filesystem_id"]
-                    dims = yield self.media_repo._generate_thumbnails(
+                    dims = await self.media_repo._generate_thumbnails(
                         None, file_id, file_id, image_info["media_type"], url_cache=True
                     )
                     if dims:
@@ -293,7 +293,7 @@ class PreviewUrlResource(DirectServeResource):
         jsonog = json.dumps(og)
 
         # store OG in history-aware DB cache
-        yield self.store.store_url_cache(
+        await self.store.store_url_cache(
             url,
             media_info["response_code"],
             media_info["etag"],
@@ -305,8 +305,7 @@ class PreviewUrlResource(DirectServeResource):
 
         return jsonog.encode("utf8")
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _download_url(self, url, user):
+    async def _download_url(self, url, user):
         # TODO: we should probably honour robots.txt... except in practice
         # we're most likely being explicitly triggered by a human rather than a
         # bot, so are we really a robot?
@@ -317,9 +316,12 @@ class PreviewUrlResource(DirectServeResource):
 
         with self.media_storage.store_into_file(file_info) as (f, fname, finish):
             try:
-                logger.debug("Trying to get url '%s'", url)
-                length, headers, uri, code = yield self.client.get_file(
-                    url, output_stream=f, max_size=self.max_spider_size
+                logger.debug("Trying to get preview for url '%s'", url)
+                length, headers, uri, code = await self.client.get_file(
+                    url,
+                    output_stream=f,
+                    max_size=self.max_spider_size,
+                    headers={"Accept-Language": self.url_preview_accept_language},
                 )
             except SynapseError:
                 # Pass SynapseErrors through directly, so that the servlet
@@ -345,7 +347,7 @@ class PreviewUrlResource(DirectServeResource):
                     % (traceback.format_exception_only(sys.exc_info()[0], e),),
                     Codes.UNKNOWN,
                 )
-            yield finish()
+            await finish()
 
         try:
             if b"Content-Type" in headers:
@@ -356,7 +358,7 @@ class PreviewUrlResource(DirectServeResource):
 
             download_name = get_filename_from_headers(headers)
 
-            yield self.store.store_local_media(
+            await self.store.store_local_media(
                 media_id=file_id,
                 media_type=media_type,
                 time_now_ms=self.clock.time_msec(),
@@ -393,22 +395,21 @@ class PreviewUrlResource(DirectServeResource):
             "expire_url_cache_data", self._expire_url_cache_data
         )
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _expire_url_cache_data(self):
+    async def _expire_url_cache_data(self):
         """Clean up expired url cache content, media and thumbnails.
         """
         # TODO: Delete from backup media store
 
         now = self.clock.time_msec()
 
-        logger.info("Running url preview cache expiry")
+        logger.debug("Running url preview cache expiry")
 
-        if not (yield self.store.db.updates.has_completed_background_updates()):
+        if not (await self.store.db.updates.has_completed_background_updates()):
             logger.info("Still running DB updates; skipping expiry")
             return
 
         # First we delete expired url cache entries
-        media_ids = yield self.store.get_expired_url_cache(now)
+        media_ids = await self.store.get_expired_url_cache(now)
 
         removed_media = []
         for media_id in media_ids:
@@ -430,17 +431,19 @@ class PreviewUrlResource(DirectServeResource):
             except Exception:
                 pass
 
-        yield self.store.delete_url_cache(removed_media)
+        await self.store.delete_url_cache(removed_media)
 
         if removed_media:
             logger.info("Deleted %d entries from url cache", len(removed_media))
+        else:
+            logger.debug("No entries removed from url cache")
 
         # Now we delete old images associated with the url cache.
         # These may be cached for a bit on the client (i.e., they
         # may have a room open with a preview url thing open).
         # So we wait a couple of days before deleting, just in case.
         expire_before = now - 2 * 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000
-        media_ids = yield self.store.get_url_cache_media_before(expire_before)
+        media_ids = await self.store.get_url_cache_media_before(expire_before)
 
         removed_media = []
         for media_id in media_ids:
@@ -478,9 +481,12 @@ class PreviewUrlResource(DirectServeResource):
             except Exception:
                 pass
 
-        yield self.store.delete_url_cache_media(removed_media)
+        await self.store.delete_url_cache_media(removed_media)
 
-        logger.info("Deleted %d media from url cache", len(removed_media))
+        if removed_media:
+            logger.info("Deleted %d media from url cache", len(removed_media))
+        else:
+            logger.debug("No media removed from url cache")
 
 
 def decode_and_calc_og(body, media_uri, request_encoding=None):
diff --git a/synapse/rest/media/v1/thumbnail_resource.py b/synapse/rest/media/v1/thumbnail_resource.py
index d57480f761..0b87220234 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/media/v1/thumbnail_resource.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/media/v1/thumbnail_resource.py
@@ -16,8 +16,6 @@
 
 import logging
 
-from twisted.internet import defer
-
 from synapse.http.server import (
     DirectServeResource,
     set_cors_headers,
@@ -79,11 +77,10 @@ class ThumbnailResource(DirectServeResource):
                 )
             self.media_repo.mark_recently_accessed(server_name, media_id)
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _respond_local_thumbnail(
+    async def _respond_local_thumbnail(
         self, request, media_id, width, height, method, m_type
     ):
-        media_info = yield self.store.get_local_media(media_id)
+        media_info = await self.store.get_local_media(media_id)
 
         if not media_info:
             respond_404(request)
@@ -93,7 +90,7 @@ class ThumbnailResource(DirectServeResource):
             respond_404(request)
             return
 
-        thumbnail_infos = yield self.store.get_local_media_thumbnails(media_id)
+        thumbnail_infos = await self.store.get_local_media_thumbnails(media_id)
 
         if thumbnail_infos:
             thumbnail_info = self._select_thumbnail(
@@ -114,14 +111,13 @@ class ThumbnailResource(DirectServeResource):
             t_type = file_info.thumbnail_type
             t_length = thumbnail_info["thumbnail_length"]
 
-            responder = yield self.media_storage.fetch_media(file_info)
-            yield respond_with_responder(request, responder, t_type, t_length)
+            responder = await self.media_storage.fetch_media(file_info)
+            await respond_with_responder(request, responder, t_type, t_length)
         else:
             logger.info("Couldn't find any generated thumbnails")
             respond_404(request)
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _select_or_generate_local_thumbnail(
+    async def _select_or_generate_local_thumbnail(
         self,
         request,
         media_id,
@@ -130,7 +126,7 @@ class ThumbnailResource(DirectServeResource):
         desired_method,
         desired_type,
     ):
-        media_info = yield self.store.get_local_media(media_id)
+        media_info = await self.store.get_local_media(media_id)
 
         if not media_info:
             respond_404(request)
@@ -140,7 +136,7 @@ class ThumbnailResource(DirectServeResource):
             respond_404(request)
             return
 
-        thumbnail_infos = yield self.store.get_local_media_thumbnails(media_id)
+        thumbnail_infos = await self.store.get_local_media_thumbnails(media_id)
         for info in thumbnail_infos:
             t_w = info["thumbnail_width"] == desired_width
             t_h = info["thumbnail_height"] == desired_height
@@ -162,15 +158,15 @@ class ThumbnailResource(DirectServeResource):
                 t_type = file_info.thumbnail_type
                 t_length = info["thumbnail_length"]
 
-                responder = yield self.media_storage.fetch_media(file_info)
+                responder = await self.media_storage.fetch_media(file_info)
                 if responder:
-                    yield respond_with_responder(request, responder, t_type, t_length)
+                    await respond_with_responder(request, responder, t_type, t_length)
                     return
 
         logger.debug("We don't have a thumbnail of that size. Generating")
 
         # Okay, so we generate one.
-        file_path = yield self.media_repo.generate_local_exact_thumbnail(
+        file_path = await self.media_repo.generate_local_exact_thumbnail(
             media_id,
             desired_width,
             desired_height,
@@ -180,13 +176,12 @@ class ThumbnailResource(DirectServeResource):
         )
 
         if file_path:
-            yield respond_with_file(request, desired_type, file_path)
+            await respond_with_file(request, desired_type, file_path)
         else:
             logger.warning("Failed to generate thumbnail")
             respond_404(request)
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _select_or_generate_remote_thumbnail(
+    async def _select_or_generate_remote_thumbnail(
         self,
         request,
         server_name,
@@ -196,9 +191,9 @@ class ThumbnailResource(DirectServeResource):
         desired_method,
         desired_type,
     ):
-        media_info = yield self.media_repo.get_remote_media_info(server_name, media_id)
+        media_info = await self.media_repo.get_remote_media_info(server_name, media_id)
 
-        thumbnail_infos = yield self.store.get_remote_media_thumbnails(
+        thumbnail_infos = await self.store.get_remote_media_thumbnails(
             server_name, media_id
         )
 
@@ -224,15 +219,15 @@ class ThumbnailResource(DirectServeResource):
                 t_type = file_info.thumbnail_type
                 t_length = info["thumbnail_length"]
 
-                responder = yield self.media_storage.fetch_media(file_info)
+                responder = await self.media_storage.fetch_media(file_info)
                 if responder:
-                    yield respond_with_responder(request, responder, t_type, t_length)
+                    await respond_with_responder(request, responder, t_type, t_length)
                     return
 
         logger.debug("We don't have a thumbnail of that size. Generating")
 
         # Okay, so we generate one.
-        file_path = yield self.media_repo.generate_remote_exact_thumbnail(
+        file_path = await self.media_repo.generate_remote_exact_thumbnail(
             server_name,
             file_id,
             media_id,
@@ -243,21 +238,20 @@ class ThumbnailResource(DirectServeResource):
         )
 
         if file_path:
-            yield respond_with_file(request, desired_type, file_path)
+            await respond_with_file(request, desired_type, file_path)
         else:
             logger.warning("Failed to generate thumbnail")
             respond_404(request)
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _respond_remote_thumbnail(
+    async def _respond_remote_thumbnail(
         self, request, server_name, media_id, width, height, method, m_type
     ):
         # TODO: Don't download the whole remote file
         # We should proxy the thumbnail from the remote server instead of
         # downloading the remote file and generating our own thumbnails.
-        media_info = yield self.media_repo.get_remote_media_info(server_name, media_id)
+        media_info = await self.media_repo.get_remote_media_info(server_name, media_id)
 
-        thumbnail_infos = yield self.store.get_remote_media_thumbnails(
+        thumbnail_infos = await self.store.get_remote_media_thumbnails(
             server_name, media_id
         )
 
@@ -278,8 +272,8 @@ class ThumbnailResource(DirectServeResource):
             t_type = file_info.thumbnail_type
             t_length = thumbnail_info["thumbnail_length"]
 
-            responder = yield self.media_storage.fetch_media(file_info)
-            yield respond_with_responder(request, responder, t_type, t_length)
+            responder = await self.media_storage.fetch_media(file_info)
+            await respond_with_responder(request, responder, t_type, t_length)
         else:
             logger.info("Failed to find any generated thumbnails")
             respond_404(request)
diff --git a/synapse/server.py b/synapse/server.py
index 1b980371de..9d273c980c 100644
--- a/synapse/server.py
+++ b/synapse/server.py
@@ -56,6 +56,7 @@ from synapse.handlers.account_validity import AccountValidityHandler
 from synapse.handlers.acme import AcmeHandler
 from synapse.handlers.appservice import ApplicationServicesHandler
 from synapse.handlers.auth import AuthHandler, MacaroonGenerator
+from synapse.handlers.cas_handler import CasHandler
 from synapse.handlers.deactivate_account import DeactivateAccountHandler
 from synapse.handlers.device import DeviceHandler, DeviceWorkerHandler
 from synapse.handlers.devicemessage import DeviceMessageHandler
@@ -66,6 +67,7 @@ from synapse.handlers.groups_local import GroupsLocalHandler, GroupsLocalWorkerH
 from synapse.handlers.initial_sync import InitialSyncHandler
 from synapse.handlers.message import EventCreationHandler, MessageHandler
 from synapse.handlers.pagination import PaginationHandler
+from synapse.handlers.password_policy import PasswordPolicyHandler
 from synapse.handlers.presence import PresenceHandler
 from synapse.handlers.profile import BaseProfileHandler, MasterProfileHandler
 from synapse.handlers.read_marker import ReadMarkerHandler
@@ -85,6 +87,9 @@ from synapse.http.matrixfederationclient import MatrixFederationHttpClient
 from synapse.notifier import Notifier
 from synapse.push.action_generator import ActionGenerator
 from synapse.push.pusherpool import PusherPool
+from synapse.replication.tcp.client import ReplicationDataHandler
+from synapse.replication.tcp.handler import ReplicationCommandHandler
+from synapse.replication.tcp.resource import ReplicationStreamer
 from synapse.rest.media.v1.media_repository import (
     MediaRepository,
     MediaRepositoryResource,
@@ -100,6 +105,7 @@ from synapse.storage import DataStores, Storage
 from synapse.streams.events import EventSources
 from synapse.util import Clock
 from synapse.util.distributor import Distributor
+from synapse.util.stringutils import random_string
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
@@ -196,9 +202,13 @@ class HomeServer(object):
         "sendmail",
         "registration_handler",
         "account_validity_handler",
+        "cas_handler",
         "saml_handler",
         "event_client_serializer",
+        "password_policy_handler",
         "storage",
+        "replication_streamer",
+        "replication_data_handler",
     ]
 
     REQUIRED_ON_MASTER_STARTUP = ["user_directory_handler", "stats_handler"]
@@ -224,6 +234,8 @@ class HomeServer(object):
         self._listening_services = []
         self.start_time = None
 
+        self.instance_id = random_string(5)
+
         self.clock = Clock(reactor)
         self.distributor = Distributor()
         self.ratelimiter = Ratelimiter()
@@ -236,6 +248,14 @@ class HomeServer(object):
         for depname in kwargs:
             setattr(self, depname, kwargs[depname])
 
+    def get_instance_id(self):
+        """A unique ID for this synapse process instance.
+
+        This is used to distinguish running instances in worker-based
+        deployments.
+        """
+        return self.instance_id
+
     def setup(self):
         logger.info("Setting up.")
         self.start_time = int(self.get_clock().time())
@@ -451,7 +471,7 @@ class HomeServer(object):
         return ReadMarkerHandler(self)
 
     def build_tcp_replication(self):
-        raise NotImplementedError()
+        return ReplicationCommandHandler(self)
 
     def build_action_generator(self):
         return ActionGenerator(self)
@@ -525,6 +545,9 @@ class HomeServer(object):
     def build_account_validity_handler(self):
         return AccountValidityHandler(self)
 
+    def build_cas_handler(self):
+        return CasHandler(self)
+
     def build_saml_handler(self):
         from synapse.handlers.saml_handler import SamlHandler
 
@@ -533,9 +556,18 @@ class HomeServer(object):
     def build_event_client_serializer(self):
         return EventClientSerializer(self)
 
+    def build_password_policy_handler(self):
+        return PasswordPolicyHandler(self)
+
     def build_storage(self) -> Storage:
         return Storage(self, self.datastores)
 
+    def build_replication_streamer(self) -> ReplicationStreamer:
+        return ReplicationStreamer(self)
+
+    def build_replication_data_handler(self):
+        return ReplicationDataHandler(self.get_datastore())
+
     def remove_pusher(self, app_id, push_key, user_id):
         return self.get_pusherpool().remove_pusher(app_id, push_key, user_id)
 
@@ -557,24 +589,22 @@ def _make_dependency_method(depname):
         try:
             builder = getattr(hs, "build_%s" % (depname))
         except AttributeError:
-            builder = None
+            raise NotImplementedError(
+                "%s has no %s nor a builder for it" % (type(hs).__name__, depname)
+            )
 
-        if builder:
-            # Prevent cyclic dependencies from deadlocking
-            if depname in hs._building:
-                raise ValueError("Cyclic dependency while building %s" % (depname,))
-            hs._building[depname] = 1
+        # Prevent cyclic dependencies from deadlocking
+        if depname in hs._building:
+            raise ValueError("Cyclic dependency while building %s" % (depname,))
 
+        hs._building[depname] = 1
+        try:
             dep = builder()
             setattr(hs, depname, dep)
-
+        finally:
             del hs._building[depname]
 
-            return dep
-
-        raise NotImplementedError(
-            "%s has no %s nor a builder for it" % (type(hs).__name__, depname)
-        )
+        return dep
 
     setattr(HomeServer, "get_%s" % (depname), _get)
 
diff --git a/synapse/server.pyi b/synapse/server.pyi
index 3844f0e12f..9013e9bac9 100644
--- a/synapse/server.pyi
+++ b/synapse/server.pyi
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ import synapse.handlers.set_password
 import synapse.http.client
 import synapse.notifier
 import synapse.replication.tcp.client
+import synapse.replication.tcp.handler
 import synapse.rest.media.v1.media_repository
 import synapse.server_notices.server_notices_manager
 import synapse.server_notices.server_notices_sender
@@ -106,7 +107,11 @@ class HomeServer(object):
         pass
     def get_tcp_replication(
         self,
-    ) -> synapse.replication.tcp.client.ReplicationClientHandler:
+    ) -> synapse.replication.tcp.handler.ReplicationCommandHandler:
+        pass
+    def get_replication_data_handler(
+        self,
+    ) -> synapse.replication.tcp.client.ReplicationDataHandler:
         pass
     def get_federation_registry(
         self,
@@ -114,3 +119,5 @@ class HomeServer(object):
         pass
     def is_mine_id(self, domain_id: str) -> bool:
         pass
+    def get_instance_id(self) -> str:
+        pass
diff --git a/synapse/server_notices/resource_limits_server_notices.py b/synapse/server_notices/resource_limits_server_notices.py
index 9fae2e0afe..ce4a828894 100644
--- a/synapse/server_notices/resource_limits_server_notices.py
+++ b/synapse/server_notices/resource_limits_server_notices.py
@@ -80,7 +80,9 @@ class ResourceLimitsServerNotices(object):
             # In practice, not sure we can ever get here
             return
 
-        room_id = yield self._server_notices_manager.get_notice_room_for_user(user_id)
+        room_id = yield self._server_notices_manager.get_or_create_notice_room_for_user(
+            user_id
+        )
 
         if not room_id:
             logger.warning("Failed to get server notices room")
diff --git a/synapse/server_notices/server_notices_manager.py b/synapse/server_notices/server_notices_manager.py
index f7432c8d2f..bf0943f265 100644
--- a/synapse/server_notices/server_notices_manager.py
+++ b/synapse/server_notices/server_notices_manager.py
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ import logging
 from twisted.internet import defer
 
 from synapse.api.constants import EventTypes, Membership, RoomCreationPreset
-from synapse.types import create_requester
+from synapse.types import UserID, create_requester
 from synapse.util.caches.descriptors import cachedInlineCallbacks
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
@@ -36,10 +36,12 @@ class ServerNoticesManager(object):
         self._store = hs.get_datastore()
         self._config = hs.config
         self._room_creation_handler = hs.get_room_creation_handler()
+        self._room_member_handler = hs.get_room_member_handler()
         self._event_creation_handler = hs.get_event_creation_handler()
         self._is_mine_id = hs.is_mine_id
 
         self._notifier = hs.get_notifier()
+        self.server_notices_mxid = self._config.server_notices_mxid
 
     def is_enabled(self):
         """Checks if server notices are enabled on this server.
@@ -66,7 +68,8 @@ class ServerNoticesManager(object):
         Returns:
             Deferred[FrozenEvent]
         """
-        room_id = yield self.get_notice_room_for_user(user_id)
+        room_id = yield self.get_or_create_notice_room_for_user(user_id)
+        yield self.maybe_invite_user_to_room(user_id, room_id)
 
         system_mxid = self._config.server_notices_mxid
         requester = create_requester(system_mxid)
@@ -89,10 +92,11 @@ class ServerNoticesManager(object):
         return res
 
     @cachedInlineCallbacks()
-    def get_notice_room_for_user(self, user_id):
+    def get_or_create_notice_room_for_user(self, user_id):
         """Get the room for notices for a given user
 
-        If we have not yet created a notice room for this user, create it
+        If we have not yet created a notice room for this user, create it, but don't
+        invite the user to it.
 
         Args:
             user_id (str): complete user id for the user we want a room for
@@ -108,7 +112,6 @@ class ServerNoticesManager(object):
         rooms = yield self._store.get_rooms_for_local_user_where_membership_is(
             user_id, [Membership.INVITE, Membership.JOIN]
         )
-        system_mxid = self._config.server_notices_mxid
         for room in rooms:
             # it's worth noting that there is an asymmetry here in that we
             # expect the user to be invited or joined, but the system user must
@@ -116,10 +119,14 @@ class ServerNoticesManager(object):
             # manages to invite the system user to a room, that doesn't make it
             # the server notices room.
             user_ids = yield self._store.get_users_in_room(room.room_id)
-            if system_mxid in user_ids:
+            if self.server_notices_mxid in user_ids:
                 # we found a room which our user shares with the system notice
                 # user
-                logger.info("Using room %s", room.room_id)
+                logger.info(
+                    "Using existing server notices room %s for user %s",
+                    room.room_id,
+                    user_id,
+                )
                 return room.room_id
 
         # apparently no existing notice room: create a new one
@@ -138,14 +145,13 @@ class ServerNoticesManager(object):
                 "avatar_url": self._config.server_notices_mxid_avatar_url,
             }
 
-        requester = create_requester(system_mxid)
+        requester = create_requester(self.server_notices_mxid)
         info = yield self._room_creation_handler.create_room(
             requester,
             config={
                 "preset": RoomCreationPreset.PRIVATE_CHAT,
                 "name": self._config.server_notices_room_name,
                 "power_level_content_override": {"users_default": -10},
-                "invite": (user_id,),
             },
             ratelimit=False,
             creator_join_profile=join_profile,
@@ -159,3 +165,30 @@ class ServerNoticesManager(object):
 
         logger.info("Created server notices room %s for %s", room_id, user_id)
         return room_id
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def maybe_invite_user_to_room(self, user_id: str, room_id: str):
+        """Invite the given user to the given server room, unless the user has already
+        joined or been invited to it.
+
+        Args:
+            user_id: The ID of the user to invite.
+            room_id: The ID of the room to invite the user to.
+        """
+        requester = create_requester(self.server_notices_mxid)
+
+        # Check whether the user has already joined or been invited to this room. If
+        # that's the case, there is no need to re-invite them.
+        joined_rooms = yield self._store.get_rooms_for_local_user_where_membership_is(
+            user_id, [Membership.INVITE, Membership.JOIN]
+        )
+        for room in joined_rooms:
+            if room.room_id == room_id:
+                return
+
+        yield self._room_member_handler.update_membership(
+            requester=requester,
+            target=UserID.from_string(user_id),
+            room_id=room_id,
+            action="invite",
+        )
diff --git a/synapse/static/client/login/index.html b/synapse/static/client/login/index.html
index bcb6bc6bb7..6fefdaaff7 100644
--- a/synapse/static/client/login/index.html
+++ b/synapse/static/client/login/index.html
@@ -1,15 +1,16 @@
+<!doctype html>
 <html>
 <head>
 <title> Login </title>
 <meta name='viewport' content='width=device-width, initial-scale=1, user-scalable=no, minimum-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0'>
 <link rel="stylesheet" href="style.css">
-<script src="js/jquery-2.1.3.min.js"></script>
+<script src="js/jquery-3.4.1.min.js"></script>
 <script src="js/login.js"></script>
 </head>
 <body onload="matrixLogin.onLoad()">
     <center>
         <br/>
-        <h1>Log in with one of the following methods</h1>
+        <h1 id="title"></h1>
 
         <span id="feedback" style="color: #f00"></span>
 
diff --git a/synapse/static/client/login/js/jquery-2.1.3.min.js b/synapse/static/client/login/js/jquery-2.1.3.min.js
deleted file mode 100644
index 25714ed29a..0000000000
--- a/synapse/static/client/login/js/jquery-2.1.3.min.js
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
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diff --git a/synapse/static/client/login/js/login.js b/synapse/static/client/login/js/login.js
index 276c271bbe..611df36d3f 100644
--- a/synapse/static/client/login/js/login.js
+++ b/synapse/static/client/login/js/login.js
@@ -1,37 +1,41 @@
 window.matrixLogin = {
     endpoint: location.origin + "/_matrix/client/r0/login",
     serverAcceptsPassword: false,
-    serverAcceptsCas: false,
     serverAcceptsSso: false,
 };
 
+var title_pre_auth = "Log in with one of the following methods";
+var title_post_auth = "Logging in...";
+
 var submitPassword = function(user, pwd) {
     console.log("Logging in with password...");
+    set_title(title_post_auth);
     var data = {
         type: "m.login.password",
         user: user,
         password: pwd,
     };
     $.post(matrixLogin.endpoint, JSON.stringify(data), function(response) {
-        show_login();
         matrixLogin.onLogin(response);
-    }).error(errorFunc);
+    }).fail(errorFunc);
 };
 
 var submitToken = function(loginToken) {
     console.log("Logging in with login token...");
+    set_title(title_post_auth);
     var data = {
         type: "m.login.token",
         token: loginToken
     };
     $.post(matrixLogin.endpoint, JSON.stringify(data), function(response) {
-        show_login();
         matrixLogin.onLogin(response);
-    }).error(errorFunc);
+    }).fail(errorFunc);
 };
 
 var errorFunc = function(err) {
-    show_login();
+    // We want to show the error to the user rather than redirecting immediately to the
+    // SSO portal (if SSO is the only login option), so we inhibit the redirect.
+    show_login(true);
 
     if (err.responseJSON && err.responseJSON.error) {
         setFeedbackString(err.responseJSON.error + " (" + err.responseJSON.errcode + ")");
@@ -45,26 +49,33 @@ var setFeedbackString = function(text) {
     $("#feedback").text(text);
 };
 
-var show_login = function() {
-    $("#loading").hide();
-
+var show_login = function(inhibit_redirect) {
     var this_page = window.location.origin + window.location.pathname;
     $("#sso_redirect_url").val(this_page);
 
-    if (matrixLogin.serverAcceptsPassword) {
-        $("#password_flow").show();
-    }
-
+    // If inhibit_redirect is false, and SSO is the only supported login method, we can
+    // redirect straight to the SSO page
     if (matrixLogin.serverAcceptsSso) {
-        $("#sso_flow").show();
-    } else if (matrixLogin.serverAcceptsCas) {
-        $("#sso_form").attr("action", "/_matrix/client/r0/login/cas/redirect");
+        if (!inhibit_redirect && !matrixLogin.serverAcceptsPassword) {
+            $("#sso_form").submit();
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // Otherwise, show the SSO form
         $("#sso_flow").show();
     }
 
-    if (!matrixLogin.serverAcceptsPassword && !matrixLogin.serverAcceptsCas && !matrixLogin.serverAcceptsSso) {
+    if (matrixLogin.serverAcceptsPassword) {
+        $("#password_flow").show();
+    }
+
+    if (!matrixLogin.serverAcceptsPassword && !matrixLogin.serverAcceptsSso) {
         $("#no_login_types").show();
     }
+
+    set_title(title_pre_auth);
+
+    $("#loading").hide();
 };
 
 var show_spinner = function() {
@@ -74,17 +85,15 @@ var show_spinner = function() {
     $("#loading").show();
 };
 
+var set_title = function(title) {
+    $("#title").text(title);
+};
 
 var fetch_info = function(cb) {
     $.get(matrixLogin.endpoint, function(response) {
         var serverAcceptsPassword = false;
-        var serverAcceptsCas = false;
         for (var i=0; i<response.flows.length; i++) {
             var flow = response.flows[i];
-            if ("m.login.cas" === flow.type) {
-                matrixLogin.serverAcceptsCas = true;
-                console.log("Server accepts CAS");
-            }
             if ("m.login.sso" === flow.type) {
                 matrixLogin.serverAcceptsSso = true;
                 console.log("Server accepts SSO");
@@ -96,13 +105,13 @@ var fetch_info = function(cb) {
         }
 
         cb();
-    }).error(errorFunc);
+    }).fail(errorFunc);
 }
 
 matrixLogin.onLoad = function() {
     fetch_info(function() {
         if (!try_token()) {
-            show_login();
+            show_login(false);
         }
     });
 };
@@ -119,8 +128,7 @@ matrixLogin.password_login = function() {
 
 matrixLogin.onLogin = function(response) {
     // clobber this function
-    console.log("onLogin - This function should be replaced to proceed.");
-    console.log(response);
+    console.warn("onLogin - This function should be replaced to proceed.");
 };
 
 var parseQsFromUrl = function(query) {
diff --git a/synapse/static/client/register/index.html b/synapse/static/client/register/index.html
index 6edc4deb03..140653574d 100644
--- a/synapse/static/client/register/index.html
+++ b/synapse/static/client/register/index.html
@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
+<!doctype html>
 <html>
 <head>
 <title> Registration </title>
 <meta name='viewport' content='width=device-width, initial-scale=1, user-scalable=no, minimum-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0'> 
 <link rel="stylesheet" href="style.css">
-<script src="js/jquery-2.1.3.min.js"></script>
+<script src="js/jquery-3.4.1.min.js"></script>
 <script src="https://www.recaptcha.net/recaptcha/api/js/recaptcha_ajax.js"></script>
 <script src="register_config.js"></script>
 <script src="js/register.js"></script>
diff --git a/synapse/static/client/register/js/jquery-2.1.3.min.js b/synapse/static/client/register/js/jquery-2.1.3.min.js
deleted file mode 100644
index 25714ed29a..0000000000
--- a/synapse/static/client/register/js/jquery-2.1.3.min.js
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
-/*! jQuery v2.1.3 | (c) 2005, 2014 jQuery Foundation, Inc. | jquery.org/license */
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e.apply(t||this,r.concat(s.call(arguments)))}).guid=e.guid=e.guid||k.guid++,i},k.holdReady=function(e){e?k.readyWait++:k.ready(!0)},k.isArray=Array.isArray,k.parseJSON=JSON.parse,k.nodeName=A,k.isFunction=m,k.isWindow=x,k.camelCase=V,k.type=w,k.now=Date.now,k.isNumeric=function(e){var t=k.type(e);return("number"===t||"string"===t)&&!isNaN(e-parseFloat(e))},"function"==typeof define&&define.amd&&define("jquery",[],function(){return k});var Qt=C.jQuery,Jt=C.$;return k.noConflict=function(e){return C.$===k&&(C.$=Jt),e&&C.jQuery===k&&(C.jQuery=Qt),k},e||(C.jQuery=C.$=k),k});
diff --git a/synapse/static/client/register/js/register.js b/synapse/static/client/register/js/register.js
index b62763a293..3547f7be4f 100644
--- a/synapse/static/client/register/js/register.js
+++ b/synapse/static/client/register/js/register.js
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ var setupCaptcha = function() {
             callback: Recaptcha.focus_response_field
         });
         window.matrixRegistration.isUsingRecaptcha = true;
-    }).error(errorFunc);
+    }).fail(errorFunc);
     
 };
 
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ var submitCaptcha = function(user, pwd) {
     $.post(matrixRegistration.endpoint, JSON.stringify(data), function(response) {
         console.log("Success -> "+JSON.stringify(response));
         submitPassword(user, pwd, response.session);
-    }).error(function(err) {
+    }).fail(function(err) {
         Recaptcha.reload();
         errorFunc(err);
     });
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ var submitPassword = function(user, pwd, session) {
         matrixRegistration.onRegistered(
             response.home_server, response.user_id, response.access_token
         );
-    }).error(errorFunc);
+    }).fail(errorFunc);
 };
 
 var errorFunc = function(err) {
@@ -113,5 +113,5 @@ matrixRegistration.signUp = function() {
 
 matrixRegistration.onRegistered = function(hs_url, user_id, access_token) {
     // clobber this function
-    console.log("onRegistered - This function should be replaced to proceed.");
+    console.warn("onRegistered - This function should be replaced to proceed.");
 };
diff --git a/synapse/storage/background_updates.py b/synapse/storage/background_updates.py
index eb1a7e5002..59f3394b0a 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/background_updates.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/background_updates.py
@@ -90,8 +90,10 @@ class BackgroundUpdater(object):
         self._clock = hs.get_clock()
         self.db = database
 
+        # if a background update is currently running, its name.
+        self._current_background_update = None  # type: Optional[str]
+
         self._background_update_performance = {}
-        self._background_update_queue = []
         self._background_update_handlers = {}
         self._all_done = False
 
@@ -111,7 +113,7 @@ class BackgroundUpdater(object):
             except Exception:
                 logger.exception("Error doing update")
             else:
-                if result is None:
+                if result:
                     logger.info(
                         "No more background updates to do."
                         " Unscheduling background update task."
@@ -119,26 +121,25 @@ class BackgroundUpdater(object):
                     self._all_done = True
                     return None
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def has_completed_background_updates(self):
+    async def has_completed_background_updates(self) -> bool:
         """Check if all the background updates have completed
 
         Returns:
-            Deferred[bool]: True if all background updates have completed
+            True if all background updates have completed
         """
         # if we've previously determined that there is nothing left to do, that
         # is easy
         if self._all_done:
             return True
 
-        # obviously, if we have things in our queue, we're not done.
-        if self._background_update_queue:
+        # obviously, if we are currently processing an update, we're not done.
+        if self._current_background_update:
             return False
 
         # otherwise, check if there are updates to be run. This is important,
         # as we may be running on a worker which doesn't perform the bg updates
         # itself, but still wants to wait for them to happen.
-        updates = yield self.db.simple_select_onecol(
+        updates = await self.db.simple_select_onecol(
             "background_updates",
             keyvalues=None,
             retcol="1",
@@ -153,11 +154,10 @@ class BackgroundUpdater(object):
     async def has_completed_background_update(self, update_name) -> bool:
         """Check if the given background update has finished running.
         """
-
         if self._all_done:
             return True
 
-        if update_name in self._background_update_queue:
+        if update_name == self._current_background_update:
             return False
 
         update_exists = await self.db.simple_select_one_onecol(
@@ -170,9 +170,7 @@ class BackgroundUpdater(object):
 
         return not update_exists
 
-    async def do_next_background_update(
-        self, desired_duration_ms: float
-    ) -> Optional[int]:
+    async def do_next_background_update(self, desired_duration_ms: float) -> bool:
         """Does some amount of work on the next queued background update
 
         Returns once some amount of work is done.
@@ -181,33 +179,51 @@ class BackgroundUpdater(object):
             desired_duration_ms(float): How long we want to spend
                 updating.
         Returns:
-            None if there is no more work to do, otherwise an int
+            True if we have finished running all the background updates, otherwise False
         """
-        if not self._background_update_queue:
-            updates = await self.db.simple_select_list(
-                "background_updates",
-                keyvalues=None,
-                retcols=("update_name", "depends_on"),
+
+        def get_background_updates_txn(txn):
+            txn.execute(
+                """
+                SELECT update_name, depends_on FROM background_updates
+                ORDER BY ordering, update_name
+                """
             )
-            in_flight = {update["update_name"] for update in updates}
-            for update in updates:
-                if update["depends_on"] not in in_flight:
-                    self._background_update_queue.append(update["update_name"])
+            return self.db.cursor_to_dict(txn)
 
-        if not self._background_update_queue:
-            # no work left to do
-            return None
+        if not self._current_background_update:
+            all_pending_updates = await self.db.runInteraction(
+                "background_updates", get_background_updates_txn,
+            )
+            if not all_pending_updates:
+                # no work left to do
+                return True
+
+            # find the first update which isn't dependent on another one in the queue.
+            pending = {update["update_name"] for update in all_pending_updates}
+            for upd in all_pending_updates:
+                depends_on = upd["depends_on"]
+                if not depends_on or depends_on not in pending:
+                    break
+                logger.info(
+                    "Not starting on bg update %s until %s is done",
+                    upd["update_name"],
+                    depends_on,
+                )
+            else:
+                # if we get to the end of that for loop, there is a problem
+                raise Exception(
+                    "Unable to find a background update which doesn't depend on "
+                    "another: dependency cycle?"
+                )
 
-        # pop from the front, and add back to the back
-        update_name = self._background_update_queue.pop(0)
-        self._background_update_queue.append(update_name)
+            self._current_background_update = upd["update_name"]
 
-        res = await self._do_background_update(update_name, desired_duration_ms)
-        return res
+        await self._do_background_update(desired_duration_ms)
+        return False
 
-    async def _do_background_update(
-        self, update_name: str, desired_duration_ms: float
-    ) -> int:
+    async def _do_background_update(self, desired_duration_ms: float) -> int:
+        update_name = self._current_background_update
         logger.info("Starting update batch on background update '%s'", update_name)
 
         update_handler = self._background_update_handlers[update_name]
@@ -400,27 +416,6 @@ class BackgroundUpdater(object):
 
         self.register_background_update_handler(update_name, updater)
 
-    def start_background_update(self, update_name, progress):
-        """Starts a background update running.
-
-        Args:
-            update_name: The update to set running.
-            progress: The initial state of the progress of the update.
-
-        Returns:
-            A deferred that completes once the task has been added to the
-            queue.
-        """
-        # Clear the background update queue so that we will pick up the new
-        # task on the next iteration of do_background_update.
-        self._background_update_queue = []
-        progress_json = json.dumps(progress)
-
-        return self.db.simple_insert(
-            "background_updates",
-            {"update_name": update_name, "progress_json": progress_json},
-        )
-
     def _end_background_update(self, update_name):
         """Removes a completed background update task from the queue.
 
@@ -429,9 +424,12 @@ class BackgroundUpdater(object):
         Returns:
             A deferred that completes once the task is removed.
         """
-        self._background_update_queue = [
-            name for name in self._background_update_queue if name != update_name
-        ]
+        if update_name != self._current_background_update:
+            raise Exception(
+                "Cannot end background update %s which isn't currently running"
+                % update_name
+            )
+        self._current_background_update = None
         return self.db.simple_delete_one(
             "background_updates", keyvalues={"update_name": update_name}
         )
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/__init__.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/__init__.py
index acca079f23..649e835303 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/__init__.py
@@ -144,7 +144,10 @@ class DataStore(
             db_conn,
             "device_lists_stream",
             "stream_id",
-            extra_tables=[("user_signature_stream", "stream_id")],
+            extra_tables=[
+                ("user_signature_stream", "stream_id"),
+                ("device_lists_outbound_pokes", "stream_id"),
+            ],
         )
         self._cross_signing_id_gen = StreamIdGenerator(
             db_conn, "e2e_cross_signing_keys", "stream_id"
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/cache.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/cache.py
index d4c44dcc75..4dc5da3fe8 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/cache.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/cache.py
@@ -32,7 +32,29 @@ logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 CURRENT_STATE_CACHE_NAME = "cs_cache_fake"
 
 
-class CacheInvalidationStore(SQLBaseStore):
+class CacheInvalidationWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
+    def get_all_updated_caches(self, last_id, current_id, limit):
+        if last_id == current_id:
+            return defer.succeed([])
+
+        def get_all_updated_caches_txn(txn):
+            # We purposefully don't bound by the current token, as we want to
+            # send across cache invalidations as quickly as possible. Cache
+            # invalidations are idempotent, so duplicates are fine.
+            sql = (
+                "SELECT stream_id, cache_func, keys, invalidation_ts"
+                " FROM cache_invalidation_stream"
+                " WHERE stream_id > ? ORDER BY stream_id ASC LIMIT ?"
+            )
+            txn.execute(sql, (last_id, limit))
+            return txn.fetchall()
+
+        return self.db.runInteraction(
+            "get_all_updated_caches", get_all_updated_caches_txn
+        )
+
+
+class CacheInvalidationStore(CacheInvalidationWorkerStore):
     async def invalidate_cache_and_stream(self, cache_name: str, keys: Tuple[Any, ...]):
         """Invalidates the cache and adds it to the cache stream so slaves
         will know to invalidate their caches.
@@ -145,26 +167,6 @@ class CacheInvalidationStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 },
             )
 
-    def get_all_updated_caches(self, last_id, current_id, limit):
-        if last_id == current_id:
-            return defer.succeed([])
-
-        def get_all_updated_caches_txn(txn):
-            # We purposefully don't bound by the current token, as we want to
-            # send across cache invalidations as quickly as possible. Cache
-            # invalidations are idempotent, so duplicates are fine.
-            sql = (
-                "SELECT stream_id, cache_func, keys, invalidation_ts"
-                " FROM cache_invalidation_stream"
-                " WHERE stream_id > ? ORDER BY stream_id ASC LIMIT ?"
-            )
-            txn.execute(sql, (last_id, limit))
-            return txn.fetchall()
-
-        return self.db.runInteraction(
-            "get_all_updated_caches", get_all_updated_caches_txn
-        )
-
     def get_cache_stream_token(self):
         if self._cache_id_gen:
             return self._cache_id_gen.get_current_token()
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/client_ips.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/client_ips.py
index e1ccb27142..92bc06919b 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/client_ips.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/client_ips.py
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ from twisted.internet import defer
 
 from synapse.metrics.background_process_metrics import wrap_as_background_process
 from synapse.storage._base import SQLBaseStore
-from synapse.storage.database import Database
+from synapse.storage.database import Database, make_tuple_comparison_clause
 from synapse.util.caches import CACHE_SIZE_FACTOR
 from synapse.util.caches.descriptors import Cache
 
@@ -303,16 +303,10 @@ class ClientIpBackgroundUpdateStore(SQLBaseStore):
             #      we'll just end up updating the same device row multiple
             #      times, which is fine.
 
-            if self.database_engine.supports_tuple_comparison:
-                where_clause = "(user_id, device_id) > (?, ?)"
-                where_args = [last_user_id, last_device_id]
-            else:
-                # We explicitly do a `user_id >= ? AND (...)` here to ensure
-                # that an index is used, as doing `user_id > ? OR (user_id = ? AND ...)`
-                # makes it hard for query optimiser to tell that it can use the
-                # index on user_id
-                where_clause = "user_id >= ? AND (user_id > ? OR device_id > ?)"
-                where_args = [last_user_id, last_user_id, last_device_id]
+            where_clause, where_args = make_tuple_comparison_clause(
+                self.database_engine,
+                [("user_id", last_user_id), ("device_id", last_device_id)],
+            )
 
             sql = """
                 SELECT
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/deviceinbox.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/deviceinbox.py
index 0613b49f4a..9a1178fb39 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/deviceinbox.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/deviceinbox.py
@@ -207,6 +207,50 @@ class DeviceInboxWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             "delete_device_msgs_for_remote", delete_messages_for_remote_destination_txn
         )
 
+    def get_all_new_device_messages(self, last_pos, current_pos, limit):
+        """
+        Args:
+            last_pos(int):
+            current_pos(int):
+            limit(int):
+        Returns:
+            A deferred list of rows from the device inbox
+        """
+        if last_pos == current_pos:
+            return defer.succeed([])
+
+        def get_all_new_device_messages_txn(txn):
+            # We limit like this as we might have multiple rows per stream_id, and
+            # we want to make sure we always get all entries for any stream_id
+            # we return.
+            upper_pos = min(current_pos, last_pos + limit)
+            sql = (
+                "SELECT max(stream_id), user_id"
+                " FROM device_inbox"
+                " WHERE ? < stream_id AND stream_id <= ?"
+                " GROUP BY user_id"
+            )
+            txn.execute(sql, (last_pos, upper_pos))
+            rows = txn.fetchall()
+
+            sql = (
+                "SELECT max(stream_id), destination"
+                " FROM device_federation_outbox"
+                " WHERE ? < stream_id AND stream_id <= ?"
+                " GROUP BY destination"
+            )
+            txn.execute(sql, (last_pos, upper_pos))
+            rows.extend(txn)
+
+            # Order by ascending stream ordering
+            rows.sort()
+
+            return rows
+
+        return self.db.runInteraction(
+            "get_all_new_device_messages", get_all_new_device_messages_txn
+        )
+
 
 class DeviceInboxBackgroundUpdateStore(SQLBaseStore):
     DEVICE_INBOX_STREAM_ID = "device_inbox_stream_drop"
@@ -411,47 +455,3 @@ class DeviceInboxStore(DeviceInboxWorkerStore, DeviceInboxBackgroundUpdateStore)
                 rows.append((user_id, device_id, stream_id, message_json))
 
         txn.executemany(sql, rows)
-
-    def get_all_new_device_messages(self, last_pos, current_pos, limit):
-        """
-        Args:
-            last_pos(int):
-            current_pos(int):
-            limit(int):
-        Returns:
-            A deferred list of rows from the device inbox
-        """
-        if last_pos == current_pos:
-            return defer.succeed([])
-
-        def get_all_new_device_messages_txn(txn):
-            # We limit like this as we might have multiple rows per stream_id, and
-            # we want to make sure we always get all entries for any stream_id
-            # we return.
-            upper_pos = min(current_pos, last_pos + limit)
-            sql = (
-                "SELECT max(stream_id), user_id"
-                " FROM device_inbox"
-                " WHERE ? < stream_id AND stream_id <= ?"
-                " GROUP BY user_id"
-            )
-            txn.execute(sql, (last_pos, upper_pos))
-            rows = txn.fetchall()
-
-            sql = (
-                "SELECT max(stream_id), destination"
-                " FROM device_federation_outbox"
-                " WHERE ? < stream_id AND stream_id <= ?"
-                " GROUP BY destination"
-            )
-            txn.execute(sql, (last_pos, upper_pos))
-            rows.extend(txn)
-
-            # Order by ascending stream ordering
-            rows.sort()
-
-            return rows
-
-        return self.db.runInteraction(
-            "get_all_new_device_messages", get_all_new_device_messages_txn
-        )
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/devices.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/devices.py
index 8af5f7de54..ee3a2ab031 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/devices.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/devices.py
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 import logging
+from typing import List, Tuple
 
 from six import iteritems
 
@@ -31,7 +32,11 @@ from synapse.logging.opentracing import (
 )
 from synapse.metrics.background_process_metrics import run_as_background_process
 from synapse.storage._base import SQLBaseStore, db_to_json, make_in_list_sql_clause
-from synapse.storage.database import Database
+from synapse.storage.database import (
+    Database,
+    LoggingTransaction,
+    make_tuple_comparison_clause,
+)
 from synapse.types import Collection, get_verify_key_from_cross_signing_key
 from synapse.util.caches.descriptors import (
     Cache,
@@ -40,6 +45,7 @@ from synapse.util.caches.descriptors import (
     cachedList,
 )
 from synapse.util.iterutils import batch_iter
+from synapse.util.stringutils import shortstr
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
@@ -47,6 +53,8 @@ DROP_DEVICE_LIST_STREAMS_NON_UNIQUE_INDEXES = (
     "drop_device_list_streams_non_unique_indexes"
 )
 
+BG_UPDATE_REMOVE_DUP_OUTBOUND_POKES = "remove_dup_outbound_pokes"
+
 
 class DeviceWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
     def get_device(self, user_id, device_id):
@@ -112,23 +120,13 @@ class DeviceWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         if not has_changed:
             return now_stream_id, []
 
-        # We retrieve n+1 devices from the list of outbound pokes where n is
-        # our outbound device update limit. We then check if the very last
-        # device has the same stream_id as the second-to-last device. If so,
-        # then we ignore all devices with that stream_id and only send the
-        # devices with a lower stream_id.
-        #
-        # If when culling the list we end up with no devices afterwards, we
-        # consider the device update to be too large, and simply skip the
-        # stream_id; the rationale being that such a large device list update
-        # is likely an error.
         updates = yield self.db.runInteraction(
             "get_device_updates_by_remote",
             self._get_device_updates_by_remote_txn,
             destination,
             from_stream_id,
             now_stream_id,
-            limit + 1,
+            limit,
         )
 
         # Return an empty list if there are no updates
@@ -166,14 +164,6 @@ class DeviceWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
                     "device_id": verify_key.version,
                 }
 
-        # if we have exceeded the limit, we need to exclude any results with the
-        # same stream_id as the last row.
-        if len(updates) > limit:
-            stream_id_cutoff = updates[-1][2]
-            now_stream_id = stream_id_cutoff - 1
-        else:
-            stream_id_cutoff = None
-
         # Perform the equivalent of a GROUP BY
         #
         # Iterate through the updates list and copy non-duplicate
@@ -181,7 +171,6 @@ class DeviceWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         # the max stream_id across each set of duplicate entries
         #
         # maps (user_id, device_id) -> (stream_id, opentracing_context)
-        # as long as their stream_id does not match that of the last row
         #
         # opentracing_context contains the opentracing metadata for the request
         # that created the poke
@@ -192,10 +181,6 @@ class DeviceWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         query_map = {}
         cross_signing_keys_by_user = {}
         for user_id, device_id, update_stream_id, update_context in updates:
-            if stream_id_cutoff is not None and update_stream_id >= stream_id_cutoff:
-                # Stop processing updates
-                break
-
             if (
                 user_id in master_key_by_user
                 and device_id == master_key_by_user[user_id]["device_id"]
@@ -218,17 +203,6 @@ class DeviceWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 if update_stream_id > previous_update_stream_id:
                     query_map[key] = (update_stream_id, update_context)
 
-        # If we didn't find any updates with a stream_id lower than the cutoff, it
-        # means that there are more than limit updates all of which have the same
-        # steam_id.
-
-        # That should only happen if a client is spamming the server with new
-        # devices, in which case E2E isn't going to work well anyway. We'll just
-        # skip that stream_id and return an empty list, and continue with the next
-        # stream_id next time.
-        if not query_map and not cross_signing_keys_by_user:
-            return stream_id_cutoff, []
-
         results = yield self._get_device_update_edus_by_remote(
             destination, from_stream_id, query_map
         )
@@ -259,11 +233,11 @@ class DeviceWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         # get the list of device updates that need to be sent
         sql = """
             SELECT user_id, device_id, stream_id, opentracing_context FROM device_lists_outbound_pokes
-            WHERE destination = ? AND ? < stream_id AND stream_id <= ? AND sent = ?
+            WHERE destination = ? AND ? < stream_id AND stream_id <= ?
             ORDER BY stream_id
             LIMIT ?
         """
-        txn.execute(sql, (destination, from_stream_id, now_stream_id, False, limit))
+        txn.execute(sql, (destination, from_stream_id, now_stream_id, limit))
 
         return list(txn)
 
@@ -301,7 +275,14 @@ class DeviceWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             prev_id = yield self._get_last_device_update_for_remote_user(
                 destination, user_id, from_stream_id
             )
-            for device_id, device in iteritems(user_devices):
+
+            # make sure we go through the devices in stream order
+            device_ids = sorted(
+                user_devices.keys(), key=lambda i: query_map[(user_id, i)][0],
+            )
+
+            for device_id in device_ids:
+                device = user_devices[device_id]
                 stream_id, opentracing_context = query_map[(user_id, device_id)]
                 result = {
                     "user_id": user_id,
@@ -611,22 +592,33 @@ class DeviceWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         else:
             return set()
 
-    def get_all_device_list_changes_for_remotes(self, from_key, to_key):
-        """Return a list of `(stream_id, user_id, destination)` which is the
-        combined list of changes to devices, and which destinations need to be
-        poked. `destination` may be None if no destinations need to be poked.
+    async def get_all_device_list_changes_for_remotes(
+        self, from_key: int, to_key: int, limit: int,
+    ) -> List[Tuple[int, str]]:
+        """Return a list of `(stream_id, entity)` which is the combined list of
+        changes to devices and which destinations need to be poked. Entity is
+        either a user ID (starting with '@') or a remote destination.
         """
-        # We do a group by here as there can be a large number of duplicate
-        # entries, since we throw away device IDs.
+
+        # This query Does The Right Thing where it'll correctly apply the
+        # bounds to the inner queries.
         sql = """
-            SELECT MAX(stream_id) AS stream_id, user_id, destination
-            FROM device_lists_stream
-            LEFT JOIN device_lists_outbound_pokes USING (stream_id, user_id, device_id)
+            SELECT stream_id, entity FROM (
+                SELECT stream_id, user_id AS entity FROM device_lists_stream
+                UNION ALL
+                SELECT stream_id, destination AS entity FROM device_lists_outbound_pokes
+            ) AS e
             WHERE ? < stream_id AND stream_id <= ?
-            GROUP BY user_id, destination
+            LIMIT ?
         """
-        return self.db.execute(
-            "get_all_device_list_changes_for_remotes", None, sql, from_key, to_key
+
+        return await self.db.execute(
+            "get_all_device_list_changes_for_remotes",
+            None,
+            sql,
+            from_key,
+            to_key,
+            limit,
         )
 
     @cached(max_entries=10000)
@@ -728,6 +720,11 @@ class DeviceBackgroundUpdateStore(SQLBaseStore):
             self._drop_device_list_streams_non_unique_indexes,
         )
 
+        # clear out duplicate device list outbound pokes
+        self.db.updates.register_background_update_handler(
+            BG_UPDATE_REMOVE_DUP_OUTBOUND_POKES, self._remove_duplicate_outbound_pokes,
+        )
+
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _drop_device_list_streams_non_unique_indexes(self, progress, batch_size):
         def f(conn):
@@ -742,6 +739,66 @@ class DeviceBackgroundUpdateStore(SQLBaseStore):
         )
         return 1
 
+    async def _remove_duplicate_outbound_pokes(self, progress, batch_size):
+        # for some reason, we have accumulated duplicate entries in
+        # device_lists_outbound_pokes, which makes prune_outbound_device_list_pokes less
+        # efficient.
+        #
+        # For each duplicate, we delete all the existing rows and put one back.
+
+        KEY_COLS = ["stream_id", "destination", "user_id", "device_id"]
+        last_row = progress.get(
+            "last_row",
+            {"stream_id": 0, "destination": "", "user_id": "", "device_id": ""},
+        )
+
+        def _txn(txn):
+            clause, args = make_tuple_comparison_clause(
+                self.db.engine, [(x, last_row[x]) for x in KEY_COLS]
+            )
+            sql = """
+                SELECT stream_id, destination, user_id, device_id, MAX(ts) AS ts
+                FROM device_lists_outbound_pokes
+                WHERE %s
+                GROUP BY %s
+                HAVING count(*) > 1
+                ORDER BY %s
+                LIMIT ?
+                """ % (
+                clause,  # WHERE
+                ",".join(KEY_COLS),  # GROUP BY
+                ",".join(KEY_COLS),  # ORDER BY
+            )
+            txn.execute(sql, args + [batch_size])
+            rows = self.db.cursor_to_dict(txn)
+
+            row = None
+            for row in rows:
+                self.db.simple_delete_txn(
+                    txn, "device_lists_outbound_pokes", {x: row[x] for x in KEY_COLS},
+                )
+
+                row["sent"] = False
+                self.db.simple_insert_txn(
+                    txn, "device_lists_outbound_pokes", row,
+                )
+
+            if row:
+                self.db.updates._background_update_progress_txn(
+                    txn, BG_UPDATE_REMOVE_DUP_OUTBOUND_POKES, {"last_row": row},
+                )
+
+            return len(rows)
+
+        rows = await self.db.runInteraction(BG_UPDATE_REMOVE_DUP_OUTBOUND_POKES, _txn)
+
+        if not rows:
+            await self.db.updates._end_background_update(
+                BG_UPDATE_REMOVE_DUP_OUTBOUND_POKES
+            )
+
+        return rows
+
 
 class DeviceStore(DeviceWorkerStore, DeviceBackgroundUpdateStore):
     def __init__(self, database: Database, db_conn, hs):
@@ -1021,29 +1078,49 @@ class DeviceStore(DeviceWorkerStore, DeviceBackgroundUpdateStore):
         """Persist that a user's devices have been updated, and which hosts
         (if any) should be poked.
         """
-        with self._device_list_id_gen.get_next() as stream_id:
+        if not device_ids:
+            return
+
+        with self._device_list_id_gen.get_next_mult(len(device_ids)) as stream_ids:
+            yield self.db.runInteraction(
+                "add_device_change_to_stream",
+                self._add_device_change_to_stream_txn,
+                user_id,
+                device_ids,
+                stream_ids,
+            )
+
+        if not hosts:
+            return stream_ids[-1]
+
+        context = get_active_span_text_map()
+        with self._device_list_id_gen.get_next_mult(
+            len(hosts) * len(device_ids)
+        ) as stream_ids:
             yield self.db.runInteraction(
-                "add_device_change_to_streams",
-                self._add_device_change_txn,
+                "add_device_outbound_poke_to_stream",
+                self._add_device_outbound_poke_to_stream_txn,
                 user_id,
                 device_ids,
                 hosts,
-                stream_id,
+                stream_ids,
+                context,
             )
-        return stream_id
 
-    def _add_device_change_txn(self, txn, user_id, device_ids, hosts, stream_id):
-        now = self._clock.time_msec()
+        return stream_ids[-1]
 
+    def _add_device_change_to_stream_txn(
+        self,
+        txn: LoggingTransaction,
+        user_id: str,
+        device_ids: Collection[str],
+        stream_ids: List[str],
+    ):
         txn.call_after(
-            self._device_list_stream_cache.entity_has_changed, user_id, stream_id
+            self._device_list_stream_cache.entity_has_changed, user_id, stream_ids[-1],
         )
-        for host in hosts:
-            txn.call_after(
-                self._device_list_federation_stream_cache.entity_has_changed,
-                host,
-                stream_id,
-            )
+
+        min_stream_id = stream_ids[0]
 
         # Delete older entries in the table, as we really only care about
         # when the latest change happened.
@@ -1052,7 +1129,7 @@ class DeviceStore(DeviceWorkerStore, DeviceBackgroundUpdateStore):
             DELETE FROM device_lists_stream
             WHERE user_id = ? AND device_id = ? AND stream_id < ?
             """,
-            [(user_id, device_id, stream_id) for device_id in device_ids],
+            [(user_id, device_id, min_stream_id) for device_id in device_ids],
         )
 
         self.db.simple_insert_many_txn(
@@ -1060,11 +1137,22 @@ class DeviceStore(DeviceWorkerStore, DeviceBackgroundUpdateStore):
             table="device_lists_stream",
             values=[
                 {"stream_id": stream_id, "user_id": user_id, "device_id": device_id}
-                for device_id in device_ids
+                for stream_id, device_id in zip(stream_ids, device_ids)
             ],
         )
 
-        context = get_active_span_text_map()
+    def _add_device_outbound_poke_to_stream_txn(
+        self, txn, user_id, device_ids, hosts, stream_ids, context,
+    ):
+        for host in hosts:
+            txn.call_after(
+                self._device_list_federation_stream_cache.entity_has_changed,
+                host,
+                stream_ids[-1],
+            )
+
+        now = self._clock.time_msec()
+        next_stream_id = iter(stream_ids)
 
         self.db.simple_insert_many_txn(
             txn,
@@ -1072,7 +1160,7 @@ class DeviceStore(DeviceWorkerStore, DeviceBackgroundUpdateStore):
             values=[
                 {
                     "destination": destination,
-                    "stream_id": stream_id,
+                    "stream_id": next(next_stream_id),
                     "user_id": user_id,
                     "device_id": device_id,
                     "sent": False,
@@ -1086,18 +1174,47 @@ class DeviceStore(DeviceWorkerStore, DeviceBackgroundUpdateStore):
             ],
         )
 
-    def _prune_old_outbound_device_pokes(self):
+    def _prune_old_outbound_device_pokes(self, prune_age=24 * 60 * 60 * 1000):
         """Delete old entries out of the device_lists_outbound_pokes to ensure
-        that we don't fill up due to dead servers. We keep one entry per
-        (destination, user_id) tuple to ensure that the prev_ids remain correct
-        if the server does come back.
+        that we don't fill up due to dead servers.
+
+        Normally, we try to send device updates as a delta since a previous known point:
+        this is done by setting the prev_id in the m.device_list_update EDU. However,
+        for that to work, we have to have a complete record of each change to
+        each device, which can add up to quite a lot of data.
+
+        An alternative mechanism is that, if the remote server sees that it has missed
+        an entry in the stream_id sequence for a given user, it will request a full
+        list of that user's devices. Hence, we can reduce the amount of data we have to
+        store (and transmit in some future transaction), by clearing almost everything
+        for a given destination out of the database, and having the remote server
+        resync.
+
+        All we need to do is make sure we keep at least one row for each
+        (user, destination) pair, to remind us to send a m.device_list_update EDU for
+        that user when the destination comes back. It doesn't matter which device
+        we keep.
         """
-        yesterday = self._clock.time_msec() - 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000
+        yesterday = self._clock.time_msec() - prune_age
 
         def _prune_txn(txn):
+            # look for (user, destination) pairs which have an update older than
+            # the cutoff.
+            #
+            # For each pair, we also need to know the most recent stream_id, and
+            # an arbitrary device_id at that stream_id.
             select_sql = """
-                SELECT destination, user_id, max(stream_id) as stream_id
-                FROM device_lists_outbound_pokes
+            SELECT
+                dlop1.destination,
+                dlop1.user_id,
+                MAX(dlop1.stream_id) AS stream_id,
+                (SELECT MIN(dlop2.device_id) AS device_id FROM
+                    device_lists_outbound_pokes dlop2
+                    WHERE dlop2.destination = dlop1.destination AND
+                      dlop2.user_id=dlop1.user_id AND
+                      dlop2.stream_id=MAX(dlop1.stream_id)
+                )
+            FROM device_lists_outbound_pokes dlop1
                 GROUP BY destination, user_id
                 HAVING min(ts) < ? AND count(*) > 1
             """
@@ -1108,14 +1225,29 @@ class DeviceStore(DeviceWorkerStore, DeviceBackgroundUpdateStore):
             if not rows:
                 return
 
+            logger.info(
+                "Pruning old outbound device list updates for %i users/destinations: %s",
+                len(rows),
+                shortstr((row[0], row[1]) for row in rows),
+            )
+
+            # we want to keep the update with the highest stream_id for each user.
+            #
+            # there might be more than one update (with different device_ids) with the
+            # same stream_id, so we also delete all but one rows with the max stream id.
             delete_sql = """
                 DELETE FROM device_lists_outbound_pokes
-                WHERE ts < ? AND destination = ? AND user_id = ? AND stream_id < ?
+                WHERE destination = ? AND user_id = ? AND (
+                    stream_id < ? OR
+                    (stream_id = ? AND device_id != ?)
+                )
             """
-
-            txn.executemany(
-                delete_sql, ((yesterday, row[0], row[1], row[2]) for row in rows)
-            )
+            count = 0
+            for (destination, user_id, stream_id, device_id) in rows:
+                txn.execute(
+                    delete_sql, (destination, user_id, stream_id, stream_id, device_id)
+                )
+                count += txn.rowcount
 
             # Since we've deleted unsent deltas, we need to remove the entry
             # of last successful sent so that the prev_ids are correctly set.
@@ -1125,7 +1257,7 @@ class DeviceStore(DeviceWorkerStore, DeviceBackgroundUpdateStore):
             """
             txn.executemany(sql, ((row[0], row[1]) for row in rows))
 
-            logger.info("Pruned %d device list outbound pokes", txn.rowcount)
+            logger.info("Pruned %d device list outbound pokes", count)
 
         return run_as_background_process(
             "prune_old_outbound_device_pokes",
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/directory.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/directory.py
index c9e7de7d12..e1d1bc3e05 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/directory.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/directory.py
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 # limitations under the License.
 
 from collections import namedtuple
+from typing import Optional
 
 from twisted.internet import defer
 
@@ -159,10 +160,29 @@ class DirectoryStore(DirectoryWorkerStore):
 
         return room_id
 
-    def update_aliases_for_room(self, old_room_id, new_room_id, creator):
+    def update_aliases_for_room(
+        self, old_room_id: str, new_room_id: str, creator: Optional[str] = None,
+    ):
+        """Repoint all of the aliases for a given room, to a different room.
+
+        Args:
+            old_room_id:
+            new_room_id:
+            creator: The user to record as the creator of the new mapping.
+                If None, the creator will be left unchanged.
+        """
+
         def _update_aliases_for_room_txn(txn):
-            sql = "UPDATE room_aliases SET room_id = ?, creator = ? WHERE room_id = ?"
-            txn.execute(sql, (new_room_id, creator, old_room_id))
+            update_creator_sql = ""
+            sql_params = (new_room_id, old_room_id)
+            if creator:
+                update_creator_sql = ", creator = ?"
+                sql_params = (new_room_id, creator, old_room_id)
+
+            sql = "UPDATE room_aliases SET room_id = ? %s WHERE room_id = ?" % (
+                update_creator_sql,
+            )
+            txn.execute(sql, sql_params)
             self._invalidate_cache_and_stream(
                 txn, self.get_aliases_for_room, (old_room_id,)
             )
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/e2e_room_keys.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/e2e_room_keys.py
index 84594cf0a9..23f4570c4b 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/e2e_room_keys.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/e2e_room_keys.py
@@ -146,7 +146,8 @@ class EndToEndRoomKeyStore(SQLBaseStore):
             room_entry["sessions"][row["session_id"]] = {
                 "first_message_index": row["first_message_index"],
                 "forwarded_count": row["forwarded_count"],
-                "is_verified": row["is_verified"],
+                # is_verified must be returned to the client as a boolean
+                "is_verified": bool(row["is_verified"]),
                 "session_data": json.loads(row["session_data"]),
             }
 
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/end_to_end_keys.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/end_to_end_keys.py
index 001a53f9b4..bcf746b7ef 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/end_to_end_keys.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/end_to_end_keys.py
@@ -537,7 +537,7 @@ class EndToEndKeyWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
         return result
 
-    def get_all_user_signature_changes_for_remotes(self, from_key, to_key):
+    def get_all_user_signature_changes_for_remotes(self, from_key, to_key, limit):
         """Return a list of changes from the user signature stream to notify remotes.
         Note that the user signature stream represents when a user signs their
         device with their user-signing key, which is not published to other
@@ -552,13 +552,19 @@ class EndToEndKeyWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             Deferred[list[(int,str)]] a list of `(stream_id, user_id)`
         """
         sql = """
-            SELECT MAX(stream_id) AS stream_id, from_user_id AS user_id
+            SELECT stream_id, from_user_id AS user_id
             FROM user_signature_stream
             WHERE ? < stream_id AND stream_id <= ?
-            GROUP BY user_id
+            ORDER BY stream_id ASC
+            LIMIT ?
         """
         return self.db.execute(
-            "get_all_user_signature_changes_for_remotes", None, sql, from_key, to_key
+            "get_all_user_signature_changes_for_remotes",
+            None,
+            sql,
+            from_key,
+            to_key,
+            limit,
         )
 
 
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/event_federation.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/event_federation.py
index 62d4e9f599..b99439cc37 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/event_federation.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/event_federation.py
@@ -173,19 +173,28 @@ class EventFederationWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SignatureWorkerStore, SQLBas
             for event_id in initial_events
         }
 
+        # The sorted list of events whose auth chains we should walk.
+        search = []  # type: List[Tuple[int, str]]
+
         # We need to get the depth of the initial events for sorting purposes.
         sql = """
             SELECT depth, event_id FROM events
             WHERE %s
-            ORDER BY depth ASC
         """
-        clause, args = make_in_list_sql_clause(
-            txn.database_engine, "event_id", initial_events
-        )
-        txn.execute(sql % (clause,), args)
+        # the list can be huge, so let's avoid looking them all up in one massive
+        # query.
+        for batch in batch_iter(initial_events, 1000):
+            clause, args = make_in_list_sql_clause(
+                txn.database_engine, "event_id", batch
+            )
+            txn.execute(sql % (clause,), args)
 
-        # The sorted list of events whose auth chains we should walk.
-        search = txn.fetchall()  # type: List[Tuple[int, str]]
+            # I think building a temporary list with fetchall is more efficient than
+            # just `search.extend(txn)`, but this is unconfirmed
+            search.extend(txn.fetchall())
+
+        # sort by depth
+        search.sort()
 
         # Map from event to its auth events
         event_to_auth_events = {}  # type: Dict[str, Set[str]]
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/events.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/events.py
index d593ef47b8..e71c23541d 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/events.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/events.py
@@ -1267,104 +1267,6 @@ class EventsStore(
         ret = yield self.db.runInteraction("count_daily_active_rooms", _count)
         return ret
 
-    def get_current_backfill_token(self):
-        """The current minimum token that backfilled events have reached"""
-        return -self._backfill_id_gen.get_current_token()
-
-    def get_current_events_token(self):
-        """The current maximum token that events have reached"""
-        return self._stream_id_gen.get_current_token()
-
-    def get_all_new_forward_event_rows(self, last_id, current_id, limit):
-        if last_id == current_id:
-            return defer.succeed([])
-
-        def get_all_new_forward_event_rows(txn):
-            sql = (
-                "SELECT e.stream_ordering, e.event_id, e.room_id, e.type,"
-                " state_key, redacts, relates_to_id"
-                " FROM events AS e"
-                " LEFT JOIN redactions USING (event_id)"
-                " LEFT JOIN state_events USING (event_id)"
-                " LEFT JOIN event_relations USING (event_id)"
-                " WHERE ? < stream_ordering AND stream_ordering <= ?"
-                " ORDER BY stream_ordering ASC"
-                " LIMIT ?"
-            )
-            txn.execute(sql, (last_id, current_id, limit))
-            new_event_updates = txn.fetchall()
-
-            if len(new_event_updates) == limit:
-                upper_bound = new_event_updates[-1][0]
-            else:
-                upper_bound = current_id
-
-            sql = (
-                "SELECT event_stream_ordering, e.event_id, e.room_id, e.type,"
-                " state_key, redacts, relates_to_id"
-                " FROM events AS e"
-                " INNER JOIN ex_outlier_stream USING (event_id)"
-                " LEFT JOIN redactions USING (event_id)"
-                " LEFT JOIN state_events USING (event_id)"
-                " LEFT JOIN event_relations USING (event_id)"
-                " WHERE ? < event_stream_ordering"
-                " AND event_stream_ordering <= ?"
-                " ORDER BY event_stream_ordering DESC"
-            )
-            txn.execute(sql, (last_id, upper_bound))
-            new_event_updates.extend(txn)
-
-            return new_event_updates
-
-        return self.db.runInteraction(
-            "get_all_new_forward_event_rows", get_all_new_forward_event_rows
-        )
-
-    def get_all_new_backfill_event_rows(self, last_id, current_id, limit):
-        if last_id == current_id:
-            return defer.succeed([])
-
-        def get_all_new_backfill_event_rows(txn):
-            sql = (
-                "SELECT -e.stream_ordering, e.event_id, e.room_id, e.type,"
-                " state_key, redacts, relates_to_id"
-                " FROM events AS e"
-                " LEFT JOIN redactions USING (event_id)"
-                " LEFT JOIN state_events USING (event_id)"
-                " LEFT JOIN event_relations USING (event_id)"
-                " WHERE ? > stream_ordering AND stream_ordering >= ?"
-                " ORDER BY stream_ordering ASC"
-                " LIMIT ?"
-            )
-            txn.execute(sql, (-last_id, -current_id, limit))
-            new_event_updates = txn.fetchall()
-
-            if len(new_event_updates) == limit:
-                upper_bound = new_event_updates[-1][0]
-            else:
-                upper_bound = current_id
-
-            sql = (
-                "SELECT -event_stream_ordering, e.event_id, e.room_id, e.type,"
-                " state_key, redacts, relates_to_id"
-                " FROM events AS e"
-                " INNER JOIN ex_outlier_stream USING (event_id)"
-                " LEFT JOIN redactions USING (event_id)"
-                " LEFT JOIN state_events USING (event_id)"
-                " LEFT JOIN event_relations USING (event_id)"
-                " WHERE ? > event_stream_ordering"
-                " AND event_stream_ordering >= ?"
-                " ORDER BY event_stream_ordering DESC"
-            )
-            txn.execute(sql, (-last_id, -upper_bound))
-            new_event_updates.extend(txn.fetchall())
-
-            return new_event_updates
-
-        return self.db.runInteraction(
-            "get_all_new_backfill_event_rows", get_all_new_backfill_event_rows
-        )
-
     @cached(num_args=5, max_entries=10)
     def get_all_new_events(
         self,
@@ -1850,22 +1752,6 @@ class EventsStore(
 
         return (int(res["topological_ordering"]), int(res["stream_ordering"]))
 
-    def get_all_updated_current_state_deltas(self, from_token, to_token, limit):
-        def get_all_updated_current_state_deltas_txn(txn):
-            sql = """
-                SELECT stream_id, room_id, type, state_key, event_id
-                FROM current_state_delta_stream
-                WHERE ? < stream_id AND stream_id <= ?
-                ORDER BY stream_id ASC LIMIT ?
-            """
-            txn.execute(sql, (from_token, to_token, limit))
-            return txn.fetchall()
-
-        return self.db.runInteraction(
-            "get_all_updated_current_state_deltas",
-            get_all_updated_current_state_deltas_txn,
-        )
-
     def insert_labels_for_event_txn(
         self, txn, event_id, labels, room_id, topological_ordering
     ):
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/events_worker.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/events_worker.py
index ca237c6f12..accde349a7 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/events_worker.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/events_worker.py
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ from synapse.api.room_versions import (
 )
 from synapse.events import make_event_from_dict
 from synapse.events.utils import prune_event
-from synapse.logging.context import LoggingContext, PreserveLoggingContext
+from synapse.logging.context import PreserveLoggingContext, current_context
 from synapse.metrics.background_process_metrics import run_as_background_process
 from synapse.storage._base import SQLBaseStore, make_in_list_sql_clause
 from synapse.storage.database import Database
@@ -409,7 +409,7 @@ class EventsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         missing_events_ids = [e for e in event_ids if e not in event_entry_map]
 
         if missing_events_ids:
-            log_ctx = LoggingContext.current_context()
+            log_ctx = current_context()
             log_ctx.record_event_fetch(len(missing_events_ids))
 
             # Note that _get_events_from_db is also responsible for turning db rows
@@ -632,7 +632,7 @@ class EventsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
             event_map[event_id] = original_ev
 
-        # finally, we can decide whether each one nededs redacting, and build
+        # finally, we can decide whether each one needs redacting, and build
         # the cache entries.
         result_map = {}
         for event_id, original_ev in event_map.items():
@@ -963,3 +963,117 @@ class EventsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         complexity_v1 = round(state_events / 500, 2)
 
         return {"v1": complexity_v1}
+
+    def get_current_backfill_token(self):
+        """The current minimum token that backfilled events have reached"""
+        return -self._backfill_id_gen.get_current_token()
+
+    def get_current_events_token(self):
+        """The current maximum token that events have reached"""
+        return self._stream_id_gen.get_current_token()
+
+    def get_all_new_forward_event_rows(self, last_id, current_id, limit):
+        if last_id == current_id:
+            return defer.succeed([])
+
+        def get_all_new_forward_event_rows(txn):
+            sql = (
+                "SELECT e.stream_ordering, e.event_id, e.room_id, e.type,"
+                " state_key, redacts, relates_to_id"
+                " FROM events AS e"
+                " LEFT JOIN redactions USING (event_id)"
+                " LEFT JOIN state_events USING (event_id)"
+                " LEFT JOIN event_relations USING (event_id)"
+                " WHERE ? < stream_ordering AND stream_ordering <= ?"
+                " ORDER BY stream_ordering ASC"
+                " LIMIT ?"
+            )
+            txn.execute(sql, (last_id, current_id, limit))
+            new_event_updates = txn.fetchall()
+
+            if len(new_event_updates) == limit:
+                upper_bound = new_event_updates[-1][0]
+            else:
+                upper_bound = current_id
+
+            sql = (
+                "SELECT event_stream_ordering, e.event_id, e.room_id, e.type,"
+                " state_key, redacts, relates_to_id"
+                " FROM events AS e"
+                " INNER JOIN ex_outlier_stream USING (event_id)"
+                " LEFT JOIN redactions USING (event_id)"
+                " LEFT JOIN state_events USING (event_id)"
+                " LEFT JOIN event_relations USING (event_id)"
+                " WHERE ? < event_stream_ordering"
+                " AND event_stream_ordering <= ?"
+                " ORDER BY event_stream_ordering DESC"
+            )
+            txn.execute(sql, (last_id, upper_bound))
+            new_event_updates.extend(txn)
+
+            return new_event_updates
+
+        return self.db.runInteraction(
+            "get_all_new_forward_event_rows", get_all_new_forward_event_rows
+        )
+
+    def get_all_new_backfill_event_rows(self, last_id, current_id, limit):
+        if last_id == current_id:
+            return defer.succeed([])
+
+        def get_all_new_backfill_event_rows(txn):
+            sql = (
+                "SELECT -e.stream_ordering, e.event_id, e.room_id, e.type,"
+                " state_key, redacts, relates_to_id"
+                " FROM events AS e"
+                " LEFT JOIN redactions USING (event_id)"
+                " LEFT JOIN state_events USING (event_id)"
+                " LEFT JOIN event_relations USING (event_id)"
+                " WHERE ? > stream_ordering AND stream_ordering >= ?"
+                " ORDER BY stream_ordering ASC"
+                " LIMIT ?"
+            )
+            txn.execute(sql, (-last_id, -current_id, limit))
+            new_event_updates = txn.fetchall()
+
+            if len(new_event_updates) == limit:
+                upper_bound = new_event_updates[-1][0]
+            else:
+                upper_bound = current_id
+
+            sql = (
+                "SELECT -event_stream_ordering, e.event_id, e.room_id, e.type,"
+                " state_key, redacts, relates_to_id"
+                " FROM events AS e"
+                " INNER JOIN ex_outlier_stream USING (event_id)"
+                " LEFT JOIN redactions USING (event_id)"
+                " LEFT JOIN state_events USING (event_id)"
+                " LEFT JOIN event_relations USING (event_id)"
+                " WHERE ? > event_stream_ordering"
+                " AND event_stream_ordering >= ?"
+                " ORDER BY event_stream_ordering DESC"
+            )
+            txn.execute(sql, (-last_id, -upper_bound))
+            new_event_updates.extend(txn.fetchall())
+
+            return new_event_updates
+
+        return self.db.runInteraction(
+            "get_all_new_backfill_event_rows", get_all_new_backfill_event_rows
+        )
+
+    def get_all_updated_current_state_deltas(self, from_token, to_token, limit):
+        def get_all_updated_current_state_deltas_txn(txn):
+            sql = """
+                SELECT stream_id, room_id, type, state_key, event_id
+                FROM current_state_delta_stream
+                WHERE ? < stream_id AND stream_id <= ?
+                ORDER BY stream_id ASC LIMIT ?
+            """
+            txn.execute(sql, (from_token, to_token, limit))
+            return txn.fetchall()
+
+        return self.db.runInteraction(
+            "get_all_updated_current_state_deltas",
+            get_all_updated_current_state_deltas_txn,
+        )
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/media_repository.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/media_repository.py
index 80ca36dedf..8aecd414c2 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/media_repository.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/media_repository.py
@@ -340,7 +340,7 @@ class MediaRepositoryStore(MediaRepositoryBackgroundUpdateStore):
             "get_expired_url_cache", _get_expired_url_cache_txn
         )
 
-    def delete_url_cache(self, media_ids):
+    async def delete_url_cache(self, media_ids):
         if len(media_ids) == 0:
             return
 
@@ -349,7 +349,7 @@ class MediaRepositoryStore(MediaRepositoryBackgroundUpdateStore):
         def _delete_url_cache_txn(txn):
             txn.executemany(sql, [(media_id,) for media_id in media_ids])
 
-        return self.db.runInteraction("delete_url_cache", _delete_url_cache_txn)
+        return await self.db.runInteraction("delete_url_cache", _delete_url_cache_txn)
 
     def get_url_cache_media_before(self, before_ts):
         sql = (
@@ -367,7 +367,7 @@ class MediaRepositoryStore(MediaRepositoryBackgroundUpdateStore):
             "get_url_cache_media_before", _get_url_cache_media_before_txn
         )
 
-    def delete_url_cache_media(self, media_ids):
+    async def delete_url_cache_media(self, media_ids):
         if len(media_ids) == 0:
             return
 
@@ -380,6 +380,6 @@ class MediaRepositoryStore(MediaRepositoryBackgroundUpdateStore):
 
             txn.executemany(sql, [(media_id,) for media_id in media_ids])
 
-        return self.db.runInteraction(
+        return await self.db.runInteraction(
             "delete_url_cache_media", _delete_url_cache_media_txn
         )
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/presence.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/presence.py
index 604c8b7ddd..dab31e0c2d 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/presence.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/presence.py
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ class PresenceStore(SQLBaseStore):
                     "status_msg": state.status_msg,
                     "currently_active": state.currently_active,
                 }
-                for state in presence_states
+                for stream_id, state in zip(stream_orderings, presence_states)
             ],
         )
 
@@ -73,19 +73,22 @@ class PresenceStore(SQLBaseStore):
             )
             txn.execute(sql + clause, [stream_id] + list(args))
 
-    def get_all_presence_updates(self, last_id, current_id):
+    def get_all_presence_updates(self, last_id, current_id, limit):
         if last_id == current_id:
             return defer.succeed([])
 
         def get_all_presence_updates_txn(txn):
-            sql = (
-                "SELECT stream_id, user_id, state, last_active_ts,"
-                " last_federation_update_ts, last_user_sync_ts, status_msg,"
-                " currently_active"
-                " FROM presence_stream"
-                " WHERE ? < stream_id AND stream_id <= ?"
-            )
-            txn.execute(sql, (last_id, current_id))
+            sql = """
+                SELECT stream_id, user_id, state, last_active_ts,
+                    last_federation_update_ts, last_user_sync_ts,
+                    status_msg,
+                currently_active
+                FROM presence_stream
+                WHERE ? < stream_id AND stream_id <= ?
+                ORDER BY stream_id ASC
+                LIMIT ?
+            """
+            txn.execute(sql, (last_id, current_id, limit))
             return txn.fetchall()
 
         return self.db.runInteraction(
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/push_rule.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/push_rule.py
index 62ac88d9f2..b3faafa0a4 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/push_rule.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/push_rule.py
@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@ def _load_rules(rawrules, enabled_map):
         rule = dict(rawrule)
         rule["conditions"] = json.loads(rawrule["conditions"])
         rule["actions"] = json.loads(rawrule["actions"])
+        rule["default"] = False
         ruleslist.append(rule)
 
     # We're going to be mutating this a lot, so do a deep copy
@@ -333,6 +334,26 @@ class PushRulesWorkerStore(
             results.setdefault(row["user_name"], {})[row["rule_id"]] = enabled
         return results
 
+    def get_all_push_rule_updates(self, last_id, current_id, limit):
+        """Get all the push rules changes that have happend on the server"""
+        if last_id == current_id:
+            return defer.succeed([])
+
+        def get_all_push_rule_updates_txn(txn):
+            sql = (
+                "SELECT stream_id, event_stream_ordering, user_id, rule_id,"
+                " op, priority_class, priority, conditions, actions"
+                " FROM push_rules_stream"
+                " WHERE ? < stream_id AND stream_id <= ?"
+                " ORDER BY stream_id ASC LIMIT ?"
+            )
+            txn.execute(sql, (last_id, current_id, limit))
+            return txn.fetchall()
+
+        return self.db.runInteraction(
+            "get_all_push_rule_updates", get_all_push_rule_updates_txn
+        )
+
 
 class PushRuleStore(PushRulesWorkerStore):
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -684,26 +705,6 @@ class PushRuleStore(PushRulesWorkerStore):
             self.push_rules_stream_cache.entity_has_changed, user_id, stream_id
         )
 
-    def get_all_push_rule_updates(self, last_id, current_id, limit):
-        """Get all the push rules changes that have happend on the server"""
-        if last_id == current_id:
-            return defer.succeed([])
-
-        def get_all_push_rule_updates_txn(txn):
-            sql = (
-                "SELECT stream_id, event_stream_ordering, user_id, rule_id,"
-                " op, priority_class, priority, conditions, actions"
-                " FROM push_rules_stream"
-                " WHERE ? < stream_id AND stream_id <= ?"
-                " ORDER BY stream_id ASC LIMIT ?"
-            )
-            txn.execute(sql, (last_id, current_id, limit))
-            return txn.fetchall()
-
-        return self.db.runInteraction(
-            "get_all_push_rule_updates", get_all_push_rule_updates_txn
-        )
-
     def get_push_rules_stream_token(self):
         """Get the position of the push rules stream.
         Returns a pair of a stream id for the push_rules stream and the
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/room.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/room.py
index e6c10c6316..aaebe427d3 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/room.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/room.py
@@ -732,6 +732,26 @@ class RoomWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
         return total_media_quarantined
 
+    def get_all_new_public_rooms(self, prev_id, current_id, limit):
+        def get_all_new_public_rooms(txn):
+            sql = """
+                SELECT stream_id, room_id, visibility, appservice_id, network_id
+                FROM public_room_list_stream
+                WHERE stream_id > ? AND stream_id <= ?
+                ORDER BY stream_id ASC
+                LIMIT ?
+            """
+
+            txn.execute(sql, (prev_id, current_id, limit))
+            return txn.fetchall()
+
+        if prev_id == current_id:
+            return defer.succeed([])
+
+        return self.db.runInteraction(
+            "get_all_new_public_rooms", get_all_new_public_rooms
+        )
+
 
 class RoomBackgroundUpdateStore(SQLBaseStore):
     REMOVE_TOMESTONED_ROOMS_BG_UPDATE = "remove_tombstoned_rooms_from_directory"
@@ -1249,26 +1269,6 @@ class RoomStore(RoomBackgroundUpdateStore, RoomWorkerStore, SearchStore):
     def get_current_public_room_stream_id(self):
         return self._public_room_id_gen.get_current_token()
 
-    def get_all_new_public_rooms(self, prev_id, current_id, limit):
-        def get_all_new_public_rooms(txn):
-            sql = """
-                SELECT stream_id, room_id, visibility, appservice_id, network_id
-                FROM public_room_list_stream
-                WHERE stream_id > ? AND stream_id <= ?
-                ORDER BY stream_id ASC
-                LIMIT ?
-            """
-
-            txn.execute(sql, (prev_id, current_id, limit))
-            return txn.fetchall()
-
-        if prev_id == current_id:
-            return defer.succeed([])
-
-        return self.db.runInteraction(
-            "get_all_new_public_rooms", get_all_new_public_rooms
-        )
-
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def block_room(self, room_id, user_id):
         """Marks the room as blocked. Can be called multiple times.
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/57/remove_sent_outbound_pokes.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/57/remove_sent_outbound_pokes.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..133d80af35
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/57/remove_sent_outbound_pokes.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+/* Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+-- we no longer keep sent outbound device pokes in the db; clear them out
+-- so that we don't have to worry about them.
+--
+-- This is a sequence scan, but it doesn't take too long.
+
+DELETE FROM device_lists_outbound_pokes WHERE sent;
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/58/02remove_dup_outbound_pokes.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/58/02remove_dup_outbound_pokes.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fdc39e9ba5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/58/02remove_dup_outbound_pokes.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+/* Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+ /* for some reason, we have accumulated duplicate entries in
+  * device_lists_outbound_pokes, which makes prune_outbound_device_list_pokes less
+  * efficient.
+  */
+
+INSERT INTO background_updates (ordering, update_name, progress_json)
+    VALUES (5800, 'remove_dup_outbound_pokes', '{}');
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/stream.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/stream.py
index ada5cce6c2..e89f0bffb5 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/stream.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/stream.py
@@ -481,11 +481,9 @@ class StreamWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
             room_id, limit, end_token
         )
 
-        logger.debug("stream before")
         events = yield self.get_events_as_list(
             [r.event_id for r in rows], get_prev_content=True
         )
-        logger.debug("stream after")
 
         self._set_before_and_after(events, rows)
 
diff --git a/synapse/storage/database.py b/synapse/storage/database.py
index e61595336c..a7cd97b0b0 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/database.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/database.py
@@ -17,7 +17,17 @@
 import logging
 import time
 from time import monotonic as monotonic_time
-from typing import Any, Callable, Dict, Iterable, Iterator, List, Optional, Tuple
+from typing import (
+    Any,
+    Callable,
+    Dict,
+    Iterable,
+    Iterator,
+    List,
+    Optional,
+    Tuple,
+    TypeVar,
+)
 
 from six import iteritems, iterkeys, itervalues
 from six.moves import intern, range
@@ -32,6 +42,7 @@ from synapse.config.database import DatabaseConnectionConfig
 from synapse.logging.context import (
     LoggingContext,
     LoggingContextOrSentinel,
+    current_context,
     make_deferred_yieldable,
 )
 from synapse.metrics.background_process_metrics import run_as_background_process
@@ -483,7 +494,7 @@ class Database(object):
             end = monotonic_time()
             duration = end - start
 
-            LoggingContext.current_context().add_database_transaction(duration)
+            current_context().add_database_transaction(duration)
 
             transaction_logger.debug("[TXN END] {%s} %f sec", name, duration)
 
@@ -510,7 +521,7 @@ class Database(object):
         after_callbacks = []  # type: List[_CallbackListEntry]
         exception_callbacks = []  # type: List[_CallbackListEntry]
 
-        if LoggingContext.current_context() == LoggingContext.sentinel:
+        if not current_context():
             logger.warning("Starting db txn '%s' from sentinel context", desc)
 
         try:
@@ -547,10 +558,8 @@ class Database(object):
         Returns:
             Deferred: The result of func
         """
-        parent_context = (
-            LoggingContext.current_context()
-        )  # type: Optional[LoggingContextOrSentinel]
-        if parent_context == LoggingContext.sentinel:
+        parent_context = current_context()  # type: Optional[LoggingContextOrSentinel]
+        if not parent_context:
             logger.warning(
                 "Starting db connection from sentinel context: metrics will be lost"
             )
@@ -1558,3 +1567,74 @@ def make_in_list_sql_clause(
         return "%s = ANY(?)" % (column,), [list(iterable)]
     else:
         return "%s IN (%s)" % (column, ",".join("?" for _ in iterable)), list(iterable)
+
+
+KV = TypeVar("KV")
+
+
+def make_tuple_comparison_clause(
+    database_engine: BaseDatabaseEngine, keys: List[Tuple[str, KV]]
+) -> Tuple[str, List[KV]]:
+    """Returns a tuple comparison SQL clause
+
+    Depending what the SQL engine supports, builds a SQL clause that looks like either
+    "(a, b) > (?, ?)", or "(a > ?) OR (a == ? AND b > ?)".
+
+    Args:
+        database_engine
+        keys: A set of (column, value) pairs to be compared.
+
+    Returns:
+        A tuple of SQL query and the args
+    """
+    if database_engine.supports_tuple_comparison:
+        return (
+            "(%s) > (%s)" % (",".join(k[0] for k in keys), ",".join("?" for _ in keys)),
+            [k[1] for k in keys],
+        )
+
+    # we want to build a clause
+    #    (a > ?) OR
+    #    (a == ? AND b > ?) OR
+    #    (a == ? AND b == ? AND c > ?)
+    #    ...
+    #    (a == ? AND b == ? AND ... AND z > ?)
+    #
+    # or, equivalently:
+    #
+    #  (a > ? OR (a == ? AND
+    #    (b > ? OR (b == ? AND
+    #      ...
+    #        (y > ? OR (y == ? AND
+    #          z > ?
+    #        ))
+    #      ...
+    #    ))
+    #  ))
+    #
+    # which itself is equivalent to (and apparently easier for the query optimiser):
+    #
+    #  (a >= ? AND (a > ? OR
+    #    (b >= ? AND (b > ? OR
+    #      ...
+    #        (y >= ? AND (y > ? OR
+    #          z > ?
+    #        ))
+    #      ...
+    #    ))
+    #  ))
+    #
+    #
+
+    clause = ""
+    args = []  # type: List[KV]
+    for k, v in keys[:-1]:
+        clause = clause + "(%s >= ? AND (%s > ? OR " % (k, k)
+        args.extend([v, v])
+
+    (k, v) = keys[-1]
+    clause += "%s > ?" % (k,)
+    args.append(v)
+
+    clause += "))" * (len(keys) - 1)
+    return clause, args
diff --git a/synapse/storage/prepare_database.py b/synapse/storage/prepare_database.py
index 6cb7d4b922..1712932f31 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/prepare_database.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/prepare_database.py
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 # Remember to update this number every time a change is made to database
 # schema files, so the users will be informed on server restarts.
-SCHEMA_VERSION = 57
+SCHEMA_VERSION = 58
 
 dir_path = os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(__file__))
 
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/58/00background_update_ordering.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/58/00background_update_ordering.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..02dae587cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/58/00background_update_ordering.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+/* Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+/* add an "ordering" column to background_updates, which can be used to sort them
+   to achieve some level of consistency. */
+
+ALTER TABLE background_updates ADD COLUMN ordering INT NOT NULL DEFAULT 0;
diff --git a/synapse/util/caches/stream_change_cache.py b/synapse/util/caches/stream_change_cache.py
index 235f64049c..c61d36a82e 100644
--- a/synapse/util/caches/stream_change_cache.py
+++ b/synapse/util/caches/stream_change_cache.py
@@ -126,6 +126,9 @@ class StreamChangeCache(object):
         """
         assert type(stream_pos) is int
 
+        # FIXME: add a sanity check here that we are not overwriting existing
+        # data in self._cache
+
         if stream_pos > self._earliest_known_stream_pos:
             old_pos = self._entity_to_key.get(entity, None)
             if old_pos is not None:
diff --git a/synapse/util/metrics.py b/synapse/util/metrics.py
index 7b18455469..ec61e14423 100644
--- a/synapse/util/metrics.py
+++ b/synapse/util/metrics.py
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ from prometheus_client import Counter
 
 from twisted.internet import defer
 
-from synapse.logging.context import LoggingContext
+from synapse.logging.context import LoggingContext, current_context
 from synapse.metrics import InFlightGauge
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ class Measure(object):
             raise RuntimeError("Measure() objects cannot be re-used")
 
         self.start = self.clock.time()
-        parent_context = LoggingContext.current_context()
+        parent_context = current_context()
         self._logging_context = LoggingContext(
             "Measure[%s]" % (self.name,), parent_context
         )
diff --git a/synapse/util/patch_inline_callbacks.py b/synapse/util/patch_inline_callbacks.py
index 3925927f9f..fdff195771 100644
--- a/synapse/util/patch_inline_callbacks.py
+++ b/synapse/util/patch_inline_callbacks.py
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ def do_patch():
     Patch defer.inlineCallbacks so that it checks the state of the logcontext on exit
     """
 
-    from synapse.logging.context import LoggingContext
+    from synapse.logging.context import current_context
 
     global _already_patched
 
@@ -43,35 +43,35 @@ def do_patch():
     def new_inline_callbacks(f):
         @functools.wraps(f)
         def wrapped(*args, **kwargs):
-            start_context = LoggingContext.current_context()
+            start_context = current_context()
             changes = []  # type: List[str]
             orig = orig_inline_callbacks(_check_yield_points(f, changes))
 
             try:
                 res = orig(*args, **kwargs)
             except Exception:
-                if LoggingContext.current_context() != start_context:
+                if current_context() != start_context:
                     for err in changes:
                         print(err, file=sys.stderr)
 
                     err = "%s changed context from %s to %s on exception" % (
                         f,
                         start_context,
-                        LoggingContext.current_context(),
+                        current_context(),
                     )
                     print(err, file=sys.stderr)
                     raise Exception(err)
                 raise
 
             if not isinstance(res, Deferred) or res.called:
-                if LoggingContext.current_context() != start_context:
+                if current_context() != start_context:
                     for err in changes:
                         print(err, file=sys.stderr)
 
                     err = "Completed %s changed context from %s to %s" % (
                         f,
                         start_context,
-                        LoggingContext.current_context(),
+                        current_context(),
                     )
                     # print the error to stderr because otherwise all we
                     # see in travis-ci is the 500 error
@@ -79,23 +79,23 @@ def do_patch():
                     raise Exception(err)
                 return res
 
-            if LoggingContext.current_context() != LoggingContext.sentinel:
+            if current_context():
                 err = (
                     "%s returned incomplete deferred in non-sentinel context "
                     "%s (start was %s)"
-                ) % (f, LoggingContext.current_context(), start_context)
+                ) % (f, current_context(), start_context)
                 print(err, file=sys.stderr)
                 raise Exception(err)
 
             def check_ctx(r):
-                if LoggingContext.current_context() != start_context:
+                if current_context() != start_context:
                     for err in changes:
                         print(err, file=sys.stderr)
                     err = "%s completion of %s changed context from %s to %s" % (
                         "Failure" if isinstance(r, Failure) else "Success",
                         f,
                         start_context,
-                        LoggingContext.current_context(),
+                        current_context(),
                     )
                     print(err, file=sys.stderr)
                     raise Exception(err)
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ def _check_yield_points(f: Callable, changes: List[str]):
         function
     """
 
-    from synapse.logging.context import LoggingContext
+    from synapse.logging.context import current_context
 
     @functools.wraps(f)
     def check_yield_points_inner(*args, **kwargs):
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ def _check_yield_points(f: Callable, changes: List[str]):
         last_yield_line_no = gen.gi_frame.f_lineno
         result = None  # type: Any
         while True:
-            expected_context = LoggingContext.current_context()
+            expected_context = current_context()
 
             try:
                 isFailure = isinstance(result, Failure)
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ def _check_yield_points(f: Callable, changes: List[str]):
                 else:
                     d = gen.send(result)
             except (StopIteration, defer._DefGen_Return) as e:
-                if LoggingContext.current_context() != expected_context:
+                if current_context() != expected_context:
                     # This happens when the context is lost sometime *after* the
                     # final yield and returning. E.g. we forgot to yield on a
                     # function that returns a deferred.
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ def _check_yield_points(f: Callable, changes: List[str]):
                         % (
                             f.__qualname__,
                             expected_context,
-                            LoggingContext.current_context(),
+                            current_context(),
                             f.__code__.co_filename,
                             last_yield_line_no,
                         )
@@ -173,13 +173,13 @@ def _check_yield_points(f: Callable, changes: List[str]):
                 # This happens if we yield on a deferred that doesn't follow
                 # the log context rules without wrapping in a `make_deferred_yieldable`.
                 # We raise here as this should never happen.
-                if LoggingContext.current_context() is not LoggingContext.sentinel:
+                if current_context():
                     err = (
                         "%s yielded with context %s rather than sentinel,"
                         " yielded on line %d in %s"
                         % (
                             frame.f_code.co_name,
-                            LoggingContext.current_context(),
+                            current_context(),
                             frame.f_lineno,
                             frame.f_code.co_filename,
                         )
@@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ def _check_yield_points(f: Callable, changes: List[str]):
             except Exception as e:
                 result = Failure(e)
 
-            if LoggingContext.current_context() != expected_context:
+            if current_context() != expected_context:
 
                 # This happens because the context is lost sometime *after* the
                 # previous yield and *after* the current yield. E.g. the
@@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ def _check_yield_points(f: Callable, changes: List[str]):
                     % (
                         frame.f_code.co_name,
                         expected_context,
-                        LoggingContext.current_context(),
+                        current_context(),
                         last_yield_line_no,
                         frame.f_lineno,
                         frame.f_code.co_filename,
diff --git a/synapse/util/stringutils.py b/synapse/util/stringutils.py
index 2c0dcb5208..6899bcb788 100644
--- a/synapse/util/stringutils.py
+++ b/synapse/util/stringutils.py
@@ -13,10 +13,11 @@
 # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
-
+import itertools
 import random
 import re
 import string
+from collections import Iterable
 
 import six
 from six import PY2, PY3
@@ -126,3 +127,21 @@ def assert_valid_client_secret(client_secret):
         raise SynapseError(
             400, "Invalid client_secret parameter", errcode=Codes.INVALID_PARAM
         )
+
+
+def shortstr(iterable: Iterable, maxitems: int = 5) -> str:
+    """If iterable has maxitems or fewer, return the stringification of a list
+    containing those items.
+
+    Otherwise, return the stringification of a a list with the first maxitems items,
+    followed by "...".
+
+    Args:
+        iterable: iterable to truncate
+        maxitems: number of items to return before truncating
+    """
+
+    items = list(itertools.islice(iterable, maxitems + 1))
+    if len(items) <= maxitems:
+        return str(items)
+    return "[" + ", ".join(repr(r) for r in items[:maxitems]) + ", ...]"
diff --git a/synctl b/synctl
index 45acece30b..bbccd05290 100755
--- a/synctl
+++ b/synctl
@@ -117,7 +117,17 @@ def start_worker(app: str, configfile: str, worker_configfile: str) -> bool:
         False if there was an error starting the process
     """
 
-    args = [sys.executable, "-B", "-m", app, "-c", configfile, "-c", worker_configfile]
+    args = [
+        sys.executable,
+        "-B",
+        "-m",
+        app,
+        "-c",
+        configfile,
+        "-c",
+        worker_configfile,
+        "--daemonize",
+    ]
 
     try:
         subprocess.check_call(args)
@@ -266,9 +276,6 @@ def main():
             worker_cache_factors = (
                 worker_config.get("synctl_cache_factors") or cache_factors
             )
-            daemonize = worker_config.get("daemonize") or config.get("daemonize")
-            assert daemonize, "Main process must have daemonize set to true"
-
             # The master process doesn't support using worker_* config.
             for key in worker_config:
                 if key == "worker_app":  # But we allow worker_app
@@ -278,11 +285,6 @@ def main():
                 ), "Main process cannot use worker_* config"
         else:
             worker_pidfile = worker_config["worker_pid_file"]
-            worker_daemonize = worker_config["worker_daemonize"]
-            assert worker_daemonize, "In config %r: expected '%s' to be True" % (
-                worker_configfile,
-                "worker_daemonize",
-            )
             worker_cache_factor = worker_config.get("synctl_cache_factor")
             worker_cache_factors = worker_config.get("synctl_cache_factors", {})
         workers.append(
diff --git a/synmark/__main__.py b/synmark/__main__.py
index ac59befbd4..17df9ddeb7 100644
--- a/synmark/__main__.py
+++ b/synmark/__main__.py
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 # limitations under the License.
 
 import sys
+from argparse import REMAINDER
 from contextlib import redirect_stderr
 from io import StringIO
 
@@ -21,7 +22,7 @@ import pyperf
 from synmark import make_reactor
 from synmark.suites import SUITES
 
-from twisted.internet.defer import ensureDeferred
+from twisted.internet.defer import Deferred, ensureDeferred
 from twisted.logger import globalLogBeginner, textFileLogObserver
 from twisted.python.failure import Failure
 
@@ -40,7 +41,8 @@ def make_test(main):
         file_out = StringIO()
         with redirect_stderr(file_out):
 
-            d = ensureDeferred(main(reactor, loops))
+            d = Deferred()
+            d.addCallback(lambda _: ensureDeferred(main(reactor, loops)))
 
             def on_done(_):
                 if isinstance(_, Failure):
@@ -50,6 +52,7 @@ def make_test(main):
                 return _
 
             d.addBoth(on_done)
+            reactor.callWhenRunning(lambda: d.callback(True))
             reactor.run()
 
         return d.result
@@ -62,11 +65,13 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
     def add_cmdline_args(cmd, args):
         if args.log:
             cmd.extend(["--log"])
+        cmd.extend(args.tests)
 
     runner = pyperf.Runner(
-        processes=3, min_time=2, show_name=True, add_cmdline_args=add_cmdline_args
+        processes=3, min_time=1.5, show_name=True, add_cmdline_args=add_cmdline_args
     )
     runner.argparser.add_argument("--log", action="store_true")
+    runner.argparser.add_argument("tests", nargs=REMAINDER)
     runner.parse_args()
 
     orig_loops = runner.args.loops
@@ -79,6 +84,11 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
             )
         setupdb()
 
+    if runner.args.tests:
+        SUITES = list(
+            filter(lambda x: x[0].__name__.split(".")[-1] in runner.args.tests, SUITES)
+        )
+
     for suite, loops in SUITES:
         if loops:
             runner.args.loops = loops
diff --git a/synmark/suites/__init__.py b/synmark/suites/__init__.py
index cfa3b0ba38..d8445fc3df 100644
--- a/synmark/suites/__init__.py
+++ b/synmark/suites/__init__.py
@@ -1,3 +1,9 @@
-from . import logging
+from . import logging, lrucache, lrucache_evict
 
-SUITES = [(logging, 1000), (logging, 10000), (logging, None)]
+SUITES = [
+    (logging, 1000),
+    (logging, 10000),
+    (logging, None),
+    (lrucache, None),
+    (lrucache_evict, None),
+]
diff --git a/synmark/suites/lrucache.py b/synmark/suites/lrucache.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..69ab042ccc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synmark/suites/lrucache.py
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+from pyperf import perf_counter
+
+from synapse.util.caches.lrucache import LruCache
+
+
+async def main(reactor, loops):
+    """
+    Benchmark `loops` number of insertions into LruCache without eviction.
+    """
+    cache = LruCache(loops)
+
+    start = perf_counter()
+
+    for i in range(loops):
+        cache[i] = True
+
+    end = perf_counter() - start
+
+    return end
diff --git a/synmark/suites/lrucache_evict.py b/synmark/suites/lrucache_evict.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..532b1cc702
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synmark/suites/lrucache_evict.py
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+from pyperf import perf_counter
+
+from synapse.util.caches.lrucache import LruCache
+
+
+async def main(reactor, loops):
+    """
+    Benchmark `loops` number of insertions into LruCache where half of them are
+    evicted.
+    """
+    cache = LruCache(loops // 2)
+
+    start = perf_counter()
+
+    for i in range(loops):
+        cache[i] = True
+
+    end = perf_counter() - start
+
+    return end
diff --git a/tests/api/test_auth.py b/tests/api/test_auth.py
index 6121efcfa9..cc0b10e7f6 100644
--- a/tests/api/test_auth.py
+++ b/tests/api/test_auth.py
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ class AuthTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         request = Mock(args={})
         request.args[b"access_token"] = [self.test_token]
         request.requestHeaders.getRawHeaders = mock_getRawHeaders()
-        requester = yield self.auth.get_user_by_req(request)
+        requester = yield defer.ensureDeferred(self.auth.get_user_by_req(request))
         self.assertEquals(requester.user.to_string(), self.test_user)
 
     def test_get_user_by_req_user_bad_token(self):
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ class AuthTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         request.getClientIP.return_value = "127.0.0.1"
         request.args[b"access_token"] = [self.test_token]
         request.requestHeaders.getRawHeaders = mock_getRawHeaders()
-        requester = yield self.auth.get_user_by_req(request)
+        requester = yield defer.ensureDeferred(self.auth.get_user_by_req(request))
         self.assertEquals(requester.user.to_string(), self.test_user)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ class AuthTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         request.getClientIP.return_value = "192.168.10.10"
         request.args[b"access_token"] = [self.test_token]
         request.requestHeaders.getRawHeaders = mock_getRawHeaders()
-        requester = yield self.auth.get_user_by_req(request)
+        requester = yield defer.ensureDeferred(self.auth.get_user_by_req(request))
         self.assertEquals(requester.user.to_string(), self.test_user)
 
     def test_get_user_by_req_appservice_valid_token_bad_ip(self):
@@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ class AuthTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         request.args[b"access_token"] = [self.test_token]
         request.args[b"user_id"] = [masquerading_user_id]
         request.requestHeaders.getRawHeaders = mock_getRawHeaders()
-        requester = yield self.auth.get_user_by_req(request)
+        requester = yield defer.ensureDeferred(self.auth.get_user_by_req(request))
         self.assertEquals(
             requester.user.to_string(), masquerading_user_id.decode("utf8")
         )
@@ -225,7 +225,9 @@ class AuthTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         macaroon.add_first_party_caveat("gen = 1")
         macaroon.add_first_party_caveat("type = access")
         macaroon.add_first_party_caveat("user_id = %s" % (user_id,))
-        user_info = yield self.auth.get_user_by_access_token(macaroon.serialize())
+        user_info = yield defer.ensureDeferred(
+            self.auth.get_user_by_access_token(macaroon.serialize())
+        )
         user = user_info["user"]
         self.assertEqual(UserID.from_string(user_id), user)
 
@@ -250,7 +252,9 @@ class AuthTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         macaroon.add_first_party_caveat("guest = true")
         serialized = macaroon.serialize()
 
-        user_info = yield self.auth.get_user_by_access_token(serialized)
+        user_info = yield defer.ensureDeferred(
+            self.auth.get_user_by_access_token(serialized)
+        )
         user = user_info["user"]
         is_guest = user_info["is_guest"]
         self.assertEqual(UserID.from_string(user_id), user)
@@ -260,10 +264,13 @@ class AuthTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def test_cannot_use_regular_token_as_guest(self):
         USER_ID = "@percy:matrix.org"
-        self.store.add_access_token_to_user = Mock()
+        self.store.add_access_token_to_user = Mock(return_value=defer.succeed(None))
+        self.store.get_device = Mock(return_value=defer.succeed(None))
 
-        token = yield self.hs.handlers.auth_handler.get_access_token_for_user_id(
-            USER_ID, "DEVICE", valid_until_ms=None
+        token = yield defer.ensureDeferred(
+            self.hs.handlers.auth_handler.get_access_token_for_user_id(
+                USER_ID, "DEVICE", valid_until_ms=None
+            )
         )
         self.store.add_access_token_to_user.assert_called_with(
             USER_ID, token, "DEVICE", None
@@ -286,7 +293,9 @@ class AuthTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         request = Mock(args={})
         request.args[b"access_token"] = [token.encode("ascii")]
         request.requestHeaders.getRawHeaders = mock_getRawHeaders()
-        requester = yield self.auth.get_user_by_req(request, allow_guest=True)
+        requester = yield defer.ensureDeferred(
+            self.auth.get_user_by_req(request, allow_guest=True)
+        )
         self.assertEqual(UserID.from_string(USER_ID), requester.user)
         self.assertFalse(requester.is_guest)
 
@@ -301,7 +310,9 @@ class AuthTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         request.requestHeaders.getRawHeaders = mock_getRawHeaders()
 
         with self.assertRaises(InvalidClientCredentialsError) as cm:
-            yield self.auth.get_user_by_req(request, allow_guest=True)
+            yield defer.ensureDeferred(
+                self.auth.get_user_by_req(request, allow_guest=True)
+            )
 
         self.assertEqual(401, cm.exception.code)
         self.assertEqual("Guest access token used for regular user", cm.exception.msg)
@@ -316,7 +327,7 @@ class AuthTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         small_number_of_users = 1
 
         # Ensure no error thrown
-        yield self.auth.check_auth_blocking()
+        yield defer.ensureDeferred(self.auth.check_auth_blocking())
 
         self.hs.config.limit_usage_by_mau = True
 
@@ -325,7 +336,7 @@ class AuthTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         )
 
         with self.assertRaises(ResourceLimitError) as e:
-            yield self.auth.check_auth_blocking()
+            yield defer.ensureDeferred(self.auth.check_auth_blocking())
         self.assertEquals(e.exception.admin_contact, self.hs.config.admin_contact)
         self.assertEquals(e.exception.errcode, Codes.RESOURCE_LIMIT_EXCEEDED)
         self.assertEquals(e.exception.code, 403)
@@ -334,7 +345,7 @@ class AuthTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         self.store.get_monthly_active_count = Mock(
             return_value=defer.succeed(small_number_of_users)
         )
-        yield self.auth.check_auth_blocking()
+        yield defer.ensureDeferred(self.auth.check_auth_blocking())
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def test_blocking_mau__depending_on_user_type(self):
@@ -343,15 +354,19 @@ class AuthTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
         self.store.get_monthly_active_count = Mock(return_value=defer.succeed(100))
         # Support users allowed
-        yield self.auth.check_auth_blocking(user_type=UserTypes.SUPPORT)
+        yield defer.ensureDeferred(
+            self.auth.check_auth_blocking(user_type=UserTypes.SUPPORT)
+        )
         self.store.get_monthly_active_count = Mock(return_value=defer.succeed(100))
         # Bots not allowed
         with self.assertRaises(ResourceLimitError):
-            yield self.auth.check_auth_blocking(user_type=UserTypes.BOT)
+            yield defer.ensureDeferred(
+                self.auth.check_auth_blocking(user_type=UserTypes.BOT)
+            )
         self.store.get_monthly_active_count = Mock(return_value=defer.succeed(100))
         # Real users not allowed
         with self.assertRaises(ResourceLimitError):
-            yield self.auth.check_auth_blocking()
+            yield defer.ensureDeferred(self.auth.check_auth_blocking())
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def test_reserved_threepid(self):
@@ -362,21 +377,22 @@ class AuthTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         unknown_threepid = {"medium": "email", "address": "unreserved@server.com"}
         self.hs.config.mau_limits_reserved_threepids = [threepid]
 
-        yield self.store.register_user(user_id="user1", password_hash=None)
         with self.assertRaises(ResourceLimitError):
-            yield self.auth.check_auth_blocking()
+            yield defer.ensureDeferred(self.auth.check_auth_blocking())
 
         with self.assertRaises(ResourceLimitError):
-            yield self.auth.check_auth_blocking(threepid=unknown_threepid)
+            yield defer.ensureDeferred(
+                self.auth.check_auth_blocking(threepid=unknown_threepid)
+            )
 
-        yield self.auth.check_auth_blocking(threepid=threepid)
+        yield defer.ensureDeferred(self.auth.check_auth_blocking(threepid=threepid))
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def test_hs_disabled(self):
         self.hs.config.hs_disabled = True
         self.hs.config.hs_disabled_message = "Reason for being disabled"
         with self.assertRaises(ResourceLimitError) as e:
-            yield self.auth.check_auth_blocking()
+            yield defer.ensureDeferred(self.auth.check_auth_blocking())
         self.assertEquals(e.exception.admin_contact, self.hs.config.admin_contact)
         self.assertEquals(e.exception.errcode, Codes.RESOURCE_LIMIT_EXCEEDED)
         self.assertEquals(e.exception.code, 403)
@@ -393,7 +409,7 @@ class AuthTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         self.hs.config.hs_disabled = True
         self.hs.config.hs_disabled_message = "Reason for being disabled"
         with self.assertRaises(ResourceLimitError) as e:
-            yield self.auth.check_auth_blocking()
+            yield defer.ensureDeferred(self.auth.check_auth_blocking())
         self.assertEquals(e.exception.admin_contact, self.hs.config.admin_contact)
         self.assertEquals(e.exception.errcode, Codes.RESOURCE_LIMIT_EXCEEDED)
         self.assertEquals(e.exception.code, 403)
@@ -404,4 +420,4 @@ class AuthTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         user = "@user:server"
         self.hs.config.server_notices_mxid = user
         self.hs.config.hs_disabled_message = "Reason for being disabled"
-        yield self.auth.check_auth_blocking(user)
+        yield defer.ensureDeferred(self.auth.check_auth_blocking(user))
diff --git a/tests/app/test_frontend_proxy.py b/tests/app/test_frontend_proxy.py
index d3feafa1b7..be20a89682 100644
--- a/tests/app/test_frontend_proxy.py
+++ b/tests/app/test_frontend_proxy.py
@@ -27,8 +27,8 @@ class FrontendProxyTests(HomeserverTestCase):
 
         return hs
 
-    def default_config(self, name="test"):
-        c = super().default_config(name)
+    def default_config(self):
+        c = super().default_config()
         c["worker_app"] = "synapse.app.frontend_proxy"
         return c
 
diff --git a/tests/app/test_openid_listener.py b/tests/app/test_openid_listener.py
index 89fcc3889a..7364f9f1ec 100644
--- a/tests/app/test_openid_listener.py
+++ b/tests/app/test_openid_listener.py
@@ -29,8 +29,8 @@ class FederationReaderOpenIDListenerTests(HomeserverTestCase):
         )
         return hs
 
-    def default_config(self, name="test"):
-        conf = super().default_config(name)
+    def default_config(self):
+        conf = super().default_config()
         # we're using FederationReaderServer, which uses a SlavedStore, so we
         # have to tell the FederationHandler not to try to access stuff that is only
         # in the primary store.
diff --git a/tests/config/test_database.py b/tests/config/test_database.py
index 151d3006ac..f675bde68e 100644
--- a/tests/config/test_database.py
+++ b/tests/config/test_database.py
@@ -21,9 +21,9 @@ from tests import unittest
 
 
 class DatabaseConfigTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
-    def test_database_configured_correctly_no_database_conf_param(self):
+    def test_database_configured_correctly(self):
         conf = yaml.safe_load(
-            DatabaseConfig().generate_config_section("/data_dir_path", None)
+            DatabaseConfig().generate_config_section(data_dir_path="/data_dir_path")
         )
 
         expected_database_conf = {
@@ -32,21 +32,3 @@ class DatabaseConfigTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         }
 
         self.assertEqual(conf["database"], expected_database_conf)
-
-    def test_database_configured_correctly_database_conf_param(self):
-
-        database_conf = {
-            "name": "my super fast datastore",
-            "args": {
-                "user": "matrix",
-                "password": "synapse_database_password",
-                "host": "synapse_database_host",
-                "database": "matrix",
-            },
-        }
-
-        conf = yaml.safe_load(
-            DatabaseConfig().generate_config_section("/data_dir_path", database_conf)
-        )
-
-        self.assertEqual(conf["database"], database_conf)
diff --git a/tests/crypto/test_keyring.py b/tests/crypto/test_keyring.py
index 34d5895f18..70c8e72303 100644
--- a/tests/crypto/test_keyring.py
+++ b/tests/crypto/test_keyring.py
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ from synapse.crypto.keyring import (
 from synapse.logging.context import (
     LoggingContext,
     PreserveLoggingContext,
+    current_context,
     make_deferred_yieldable,
 )
 from synapse.storage.keys import FetchKeyResult
@@ -83,9 +84,7 @@ class KeyringTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         )
 
     def check_context(self, _, expected):
-        self.assertEquals(
-            getattr(LoggingContext.current_context(), "request", None), expected
-        )
+        self.assertEquals(getattr(current_context(), "request", None), expected)
 
     def test_verify_json_objects_for_server_awaits_previous_requests(self):
         key1 = signedjson.key.generate_signing_key(1)
@@ -105,7 +104,7 @@ class KeyringTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
 
         @defer.inlineCallbacks
         def get_perspectives(**kwargs):
-            self.assertEquals(LoggingContext.current_context().request, "11")
+            self.assertEquals(current_context().request, "11")
             with PreserveLoggingContext():
                 yield persp_deferred
             return persp_resp
diff --git a/tests/federation/test_complexity.py b/tests/federation/test_complexity.py
index 24fa8dbb45..94980733c4 100644
--- a/tests/federation/test_complexity.py
+++ b/tests/federation/test_complexity.py
@@ -33,8 +33,8 @@ class RoomComplexityTests(unittest.FederatingHomeserverTestCase):
         login.register_servlets,
     ]
 
-    def default_config(self, name="test"):
-        config = super().default_config(name=name)
+    def default_config(self):
+        config = super().default_config()
         config["limit_remote_rooms"] = {"enabled": True, "complexity": 0.05}
         return config
 
diff --git a/tests/federation/test_federation_sender.py b/tests/federation/test_federation_sender.py
index d456267b87..33105576af 100644
--- a/tests/federation/test_federation_sender.py
+++ b/tests/federation/test_federation_sender.py
@@ -12,19 +12,25 @@
 # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
+from typing import Optional
 
 from mock import Mock
 
+from signedjson import key, sign
+from signedjson.types import BaseKey, SigningKey
+
 from twisted.internet import defer
 
-from synapse.types import ReadReceipt
+from synapse.rest import admin
+from synapse.rest.client.v1 import login
+from synapse.types import JsonDict, ReadReceipt
 
 from tests.unittest import HomeserverTestCase, override_config
 
 
-class FederationSenderTestCases(HomeserverTestCase):
+class FederationSenderReceiptsTestCases(HomeserverTestCase):
     def make_homeserver(self, reactor, clock):
-        return super(FederationSenderTestCases, self).setup_test_homeserver(
+        return self.setup_test_homeserver(
             state_handler=Mock(spec=["get_current_hosts_in_room"]),
             federation_transport_client=Mock(spec=["send_transaction"]),
         )
@@ -147,3 +153,392 @@ class FederationSenderTestCases(HomeserverTestCase):
                 }
             ],
         )
+
+
+class FederationSenderDevicesTestCases(HomeserverTestCase):
+    servlets = [
+        admin.register_servlets,
+        login.register_servlets,
+    ]
+
+    def make_homeserver(self, reactor, clock):
+        return self.setup_test_homeserver(
+            state_handler=Mock(spec=["get_current_hosts_in_room"]),
+            federation_transport_client=Mock(spec=["send_transaction"]),
+        )
+
+    def default_config(self):
+        c = super().default_config()
+        c["send_federation"] = True
+        return c
+
+    def prepare(self, reactor, clock, hs):
+        # stub out get_current_hosts_in_room
+        mock_state_handler = hs.get_state_handler()
+        mock_state_handler.get_current_hosts_in_room.return_value = ["test", "host2"]
+
+        # stub out get_users_who_share_room_with_user so that it claims that
+        # `@user2:host2` is in the room
+        def get_users_who_share_room_with_user(user_id):
+            return defer.succeed({"@user2:host2"})
+
+        hs.get_datastore().get_users_who_share_room_with_user = (
+            get_users_who_share_room_with_user
+        )
+
+        # whenever send_transaction is called, record the edu data
+        self.edus = []
+        self.hs.get_federation_transport_client().send_transaction.side_effect = (
+            self.record_transaction
+        )
+
+    def record_transaction(self, txn, json_cb):
+        data = json_cb()
+        self.edus.extend(data["edus"])
+        return defer.succeed({})
+
+    def test_send_device_updates(self):
+        """Basic case: each device update should result in an EDU"""
+        # create a device
+        u1 = self.register_user("user", "pass")
+        self.login(u1, "pass", device_id="D1")
+
+        # expect one edu
+        self.assertEqual(len(self.edus), 1)
+        stream_id = self.check_device_update_edu(self.edus.pop(0), u1, "D1", None)
+
+        # a second call should produce no new device EDUs
+        self.hs.get_federation_sender().send_device_messages("host2")
+        self.pump()
+        self.assertEqual(self.edus, [])
+
+        # a second device
+        self.login("user", "pass", device_id="D2")
+
+        self.assertEqual(len(self.edus), 1)
+        self.check_device_update_edu(self.edus.pop(0), u1, "D2", stream_id)
+
+    def test_upload_signatures(self):
+        """Uploading signatures on some devices should produce updates for that user"""
+
+        e2e_handler = self.hs.get_e2e_keys_handler()
+
+        # register two devices
+        u1 = self.register_user("user", "pass")
+        self.login(u1, "pass", device_id="D1")
+        self.login(u1, "pass", device_id="D2")
+
+        # expect two edus
+        self.assertEqual(len(self.edus), 2)
+        stream_id = None
+        stream_id = self.check_device_update_edu(self.edus.pop(0), u1, "D1", stream_id)
+        stream_id = self.check_device_update_edu(self.edus.pop(0), u1, "D2", stream_id)
+
+        # upload signing keys for each device
+        device1_signing_key = self.generate_and_upload_device_signing_key(u1, "D1")
+        device2_signing_key = self.generate_and_upload_device_signing_key(u1, "D2")
+
+        # expect two more edus
+        self.assertEqual(len(self.edus), 2)
+        stream_id = self.check_device_update_edu(self.edus.pop(0), u1, "D1", stream_id)
+        stream_id = self.check_device_update_edu(self.edus.pop(0), u1, "D2", stream_id)
+
+        # upload master key and self-signing key
+        master_signing_key = generate_self_id_key()
+        master_key = {
+            "user_id": u1,
+            "usage": ["master"],
+            "keys": {key_id(master_signing_key): encode_pubkey(master_signing_key)},
+        }
+
+        # private key: HvQBbU+hc2Zr+JP1sE0XwBe1pfZZEYtJNPJLZJtS+F8
+        selfsigning_signing_key = generate_self_id_key()
+        selfsigning_key = {
+            "user_id": u1,
+            "usage": ["self_signing"],
+            "keys": {
+                key_id(selfsigning_signing_key): encode_pubkey(selfsigning_signing_key)
+            },
+        }
+        sign.sign_json(selfsigning_key, u1, master_signing_key)
+
+        cross_signing_keys = {
+            "master_key": master_key,
+            "self_signing_key": selfsigning_key,
+        }
+
+        self.get_success(
+            e2e_handler.upload_signing_keys_for_user(u1, cross_signing_keys)
+        )
+
+        # expect signing key update edu
+        self.assertEqual(len(self.edus), 1)
+        self.assertEqual(self.edus.pop(0)["edu_type"], "org.matrix.signing_key_update")
+
+        # sign the devices
+        d1_json = build_device_dict(u1, "D1", device1_signing_key)
+        sign.sign_json(d1_json, u1, selfsigning_signing_key)
+        d2_json = build_device_dict(u1, "D2", device2_signing_key)
+        sign.sign_json(d2_json, u1, selfsigning_signing_key)
+
+        ret = self.get_success(
+            e2e_handler.upload_signatures_for_device_keys(
+                u1, {u1: {"D1": d1_json, "D2": d2_json}},
+            )
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(ret["failures"], {})
+
+        # expect two edus, in one or two transactions. We don't know what order the
+        # devices will be updated.
+        self.assertEqual(len(self.edus), 2)
+        stream_id = None  # FIXME: there is a discontinuity in the stream IDs: see #7142
+        for edu in self.edus:
+            self.assertEqual(edu["edu_type"], "m.device_list_update")
+            c = edu["content"]
+            if stream_id is not None:
+                self.assertEqual(c["prev_id"], [stream_id])
+                self.assertGreaterEqual(c["stream_id"], stream_id)
+            stream_id = c["stream_id"]
+        devices = {edu["content"]["device_id"] for edu in self.edus}
+        self.assertEqual({"D1", "D2"}, devices)
+
+    def test_delete_devices(self):
+        """If devices are deleted, that should result in EDUs too"""
+
+        # create devices
+        u1 = self.register_user("user", "pass")
+        self.login("user", "pass", device_id="D1")
+        self.login("user", "pass", device_id="D2")
+        self.login("user", "pass", device_id="D3")
+
+        # expect three edus
+        self.assertEqual(len(self.edus), 3)
+        stream_id = self.check_device_update_edu(self.edus.pop(0), u1, "D1", None)
+        stream_id = self.check_device_update_edu(self.edus.pop(0), u1, "D2", stream_id)
+        stream_id = self.check_device_update_edu(self.edus.pop(0), u1, "D3", stream_id)
+
+        # delete them again
+        self.get_success(
+            self.hs.get_device_handler().delete_devices(u1, ["D1", "D2", "D3"])
+        )
+
+        # expect three edus, in an unknown order
+        self.assertEqual(len(self.edus), 3)
+        for edu in self.edus:
+            self.assertEqual(edu["edu_type"], "m.device_list_update")
+            c = edu["content"]
+            self.assertGreaterEqual(
+                c.items(),
+                {"user_id": u1, "prev_id": [stream_id], "deleted": True}.items(),
+            )
+            self.assertGreaterEqual(c["stream_id"], stream_id)
+            stream_id = c["stream_id"]
+        devices = {edu["content"]["device_id"] for edu in self.edus}
+        self.assertEqual({"D1", "D2", "D3"}, devices)
+
+    def test_unreachable_server(self):
+        """If the destination server is unreachable, all the updates should get sent on
+        recovery
+        """
+        mock_send_txn = self.hs.get_federation_transport_client().send_transaction
+        mock_send_txn.side_effect = lambda t, cb: defer.fail("fail")
+
+        # create devices
+        u1 = self.register_user("user", "pass")
+        self.login("user", "pass", device_id="D1")
+        self.login("user", "pass", device_id="D2")
+        self.login("user", "pass", device_id="D3")
+
+        # delete them again
+        self.get_success(
+            self.hs.get_device_handler().delete_devices(u1, ["D1", "D2", "D3"])
+        )
+
+        self.assertGreaterEqual(mock_send_txn.call_count, 4)
+
+        # recover the server
+        mock_send_txn.side_effect = self.record_transaction
+        self.hs.get_federation_sender().send_device_messages("host2")
+        self.pump()
+
+        # for each device, there should be a single update
+        self.assertEqual(len(self.edus), 3)
+        stream_id = None
+        for edu in self.edus:
+            self.assertEqual(edu["edu_type"], "m.device_list_update")
+            c = edu["content"]
+            self.assertEqual(c["prev_id"], [stream_id] if stream_id is not None else [])
+            if stream_id is not None:
+                self.assertGreaterEqual(c["stream_id"], stream_id)
+            stream_id = c["stream_id"]
+        devices = {edu["content"]["device_id"] for edu in self.edus}
+        self.assertEqual({"D1", "D2", "D3"}, devices)
+
+    def test_prune_outbound_device_pokes1(self):
+        """If a destination is unreachable, and the updates are pruned, we should get
+        a single update.
+
+        This case tests the behaviour when the server has never been reachable.
+        """
+        mock_send_txn = self.hs.get_federation_transport_client().send_transaction
+        mock_send_txn.side_effect = lambda t, cb: defer.fail("fail")
+
+        # create devices
+        u1 = self.register_user("user", "pass")
+        self.login("user", "pass", device_id="D1")
+        self.login("user", "pass", device_id="D2")
+        self.login("user", "pass", device_id="D3")
+
+        # delete them again
+        self.get_success(
+            self.hs.get_device_handler().delete_devices(u1, ["D1", "D2", "D3"])
+        )
+
+        self.assertGreaterEqual(mock_send_txn.call_count, 4)
+
+        # run the prune job
+        self.reactor.advance(10)
+        self.get_success(
+            self.hs.get_datastore()._prune_old_outbound_device_pokes(prune_age=1)
+        )
+
+        # recover the server
+        mock_send_txn.side_effect = self.record_transaction
+        self.hs.get_federation_sender().send_device_messages("host2")
+        self.pump()
+
+        # there should be a single update for this user.
+        self.assertEqual(len(self.edus), 1)
+        edu = self.edus.pop(0)
+        self.assertEqual(edu["edu_type"], "m.device_list_update")
+        c = edu["content"]
+
+        # synapse uses an empty prev_id list to indicate "needs a full resync".
+        self.assertEqual(c["prev_id"], [])
+
+    def test_prune_outbound_device_pokes2(self):
+        """If a destination is unreachable, and the updates are pruned, we should get
+        a single update.
+
+        This case tests the behaviour when the server was reachable, but then goes
+        offline.
+        """
+
+        # create first device
+        u1 = self.register_user("user", "pass")
+        self.login("user", "pass", device_id="D1")
+
+        # expect the update EDU
+        self.assertEqual(len(self.edus), 1)
+        self.check_device_update_edu(self.edus.pop(0), u1, "D1", None)
+
+        # now the server goes offline
+        mock_send_txn = self.hs.get_federation_transport_client().send_transaction
+        mock_send_txn.side_effect = lambda t, cb: defer.fail("fail")
+
+        self.login("user", "pass", device_id="D2")
+        self.login("user", "pass", device_id="D3")
+
+        # delete them again
+        self.get_success(
+            self.hs.get_device_handler().delete_devices(u1, ["D1", "D2", "D3"])
+        )
+
+        self.assertGreaterEqual(mock_send_txn.call_count, 3)
+
+        # run the prune job
+        self.reactor.advance(10)
+        self.get_success(
+            self.hs.get_datastore()._prune_old_outbound_device_pokes(prune_age=1)
+        )
+
+        # recover the server
+        mock_send_txn.side_effect = self.record_transaction
+        self.hs.get_federation_sender().send_device_messages("host2")
+        self.pump()
+
+        # ... and we should get a single update for this user.
+        self.assertEqual(len(self.edus), 1)
+        edu = self.edus.pop(0)
+        self.assertEqual(edu["edu_type"], "m.device_list_update")
+        c = edu["content"]
+
+        # synapse uses an empty prev_id list to indicate "needs a full resync".
+        self.assertEqual(c["prev_id"], [])
+
+    def check_device_update_edu(
+        self,
+        edu: JsonDict,
+        user_id: str,
+        device_id: str,
+        prev_stream_id: Optional[int],
+    ) -> int:
+        """Check that the given EDU is an update for the given device
+        Returns the stream_id.
+        """
+        self.assertEqual(edu["edu_type"], "m.device_list_update")
+        content = edu["content"]
+
+        expected = {
+            "user_id": user_id,
+            "device_id": device_id,
+            "prev_id": [prev_stream_id] if prev_stream_id is not None else [],
+        }
+
+        self.assertLessEqual(expected.items(), content.items())
+        if prev_stream_id is not None:
+            self.assertGreaterEqual(content["stream_id"], prev_stream_id)
+        return content["stream_id"]
+
+    def check_signing_key_update_txn(self, txn: JsonDict,) -> None:
+        """Check that the txn has an EDU with a signing key update.
+        """
+        edus = txn["edus"]
+        self.assertEqual(len(edus), 1)
+
+    def generate_and_upload_device_signing_key(
+        self, user_id: str, device_id: str
+    ) -> SigningKey:
+        """Generate a signing keypair for the given device, and upload it"""
+        sk = key.generate_signing_key(device_id)
+
+        device_dict = build_device_dict(user_id, device_id, sk)
+
+        self.get_success(
+            self.hs.get_e2e_keys_handler().upload_keys_for_user(
+                user_id, device_id, {"device_keys": device_dict},
+            )
+        )
+        return sk
+
+
+def generate_self_id_key() -> SigningKey:
+    """generate a signing key whose version is its public key
+
+    ... as used by the cross-signing-keys.
+    """
+    k = key.generate_signing_key("x")
+    k.version = encode_pubkey(k)
+    return k
+
+
+def key_id(k: BaseKey) -> str:
+    return "%s:%s" % (k.alg, k.version)
+
+
+def encode_pubkey(sk: SigningKey) -> str:
+    """Encode the public key corresponding to the given signing key as base64"""
+    return key.encode_verify_key_base64(key.get_verify_key(sk))
+
+
+def build_device_dict(user_id: str, device_id: str, sk: SigningKey):
+    """Build a dict representing the given device"""
+    return {
+        "user_id": user_id,
+        "device_id": device_id,
+        "algorithms": ["m.olm.curve25519-aes-sha256", "m.megolm.v1.aes-sha"],
+        "keys": {
+            "curve25519:" + device_id: "curve25519+key",
+            key_id(sk): encode_pubkey(sk),
+        },
+    }
diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_auth.py b/tests/handlers/test_auth.py
index b03103d96f..52c4ac8b11 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_auth.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_auth.py
@@ -82,16 +82,16 @@ class AuthTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         self.hs.clock.now = 1000
 
         token = self.macaroon_generator.generate_short_term_login_token("a_user", 5000)
-        user_id = yield self.auth_handler.validate_short_term_login_token_and_get_user_id(
-            token
+        user_id = yield defer.ensureDeferred(
+            self.auth_handler.validate_short_term_login_token_and_get_user_id(token)
         )
         self.assertEqual("a_user", user_id)
 
         # when we advance the clock, the token should be rejected
         self.hs.clock.now = 6000
         with self.assertRaises(synapse.api.errors.AuthError):
-            yield self.auth_handler.validate_short_term_login_token_and_get_user_id(
-                token
+            yield defer.ensureDeferred(
+                self.auth_handler.validate_short_term_login_token_and_get_user_id(token)
             )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -99,8 +99,10 @@ class AuthTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         token = self.macaroon_generator.generate_short_term_login_token("a_user", 5000)
         macaroon = pymacaroons.Macaroon.deserialize(token)
 
-        user_id = yield self.auth_handler.validate_short_term_login_token_and_get_user_id(
-            macaroon.serialize()
+        user_id = yield defer.ensureDeferred(
+            self.auth_handler.validate_short_term_login_token_and_get_user_id(
+                macaroon.serialize()
+            )
         )
         self.assertEqual("a_user", user_id)
 
@@ -109,20 +111,26 @@ class AuthTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         macaroon.add_first_party_caveat("user_id = b_user")
 
         with self.assertRaises(synapse.api.errors.AuthError):
-            yield self.auth_handler.validate_short_term_login_token_and_get_user_id(
-                macaroon.serialize()
+            yield defer.ensureDeferred(
+                self.auth_handler.validate_short_term_login_token_and_get_user_id(
+                    macaroon.serialize()
+                )
             )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def test_mau_limits_disabled(self):
         self.hs.config.limit_usage_by_mau = False
         # Ensure does not throw exception
-        yield self.auth_handler.get_access_token_for_user_id(
-            "user_a", device_id=None, valid_until_ms=None
+        yield defer.ensureDeferred(
+            self.auth_handler.get_access_token_for_user_id(
+                "user_a", device_id=None, valid_until_ms=None
+            )
         )
 
-        yield self.auth_handler.validate_short_term_login_token_and_get_user_id(
-            self._get_macaroon().serialize()
+        yield defer.ensureDeferred(
+            self.auth_handler.validate_short_term_login_token_and_get_user_id(
+                self._get_macaroon().serialize()
+            )
         )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -133,16 +141,20 @@ class AuthTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         )
 
         with self.assertRaises(ResourceLimitError):
-            yield self.auth_handler.get_access_token_for_user_id(
-                "user_a", device_id=None, valid_until_ms=None
+            yield defer.ensureDeferred(
+                self.auth_handler.get_access_token_for_user_id(
+                    "user_a", device_id=None, valid_until_ms=None
+                )
             )
 
         self.hs.get_datastore().get_monthly_active_count = Mock(
             return_value=defer.succeed(self.large_number_of_users)
         )
         with self.assertRaises(ResourceLimitError):
-            yield self.auth_handler.validate_short_term_login_token_and_get_user_id(
-                self._get_macaroon().serialize()
+            yield defer.ensureDeferred(
+                self.auth_handler.validate_short_term_login_token_and_get_user_id(
+                    self._get_macaroon().serialize()
+                )
             )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -154,16 +166,20 @@ class AuthTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
             return_value=defer.succeed(self.hs.config.max_mau_value)
         )
         with self.assertRaises(ResourceLimitError):
-            yield self.auth_handler.get_access_token_for_user_id(
-                "user_a", device_id=None, valid_until_ms=None
+            yield defer.ensureDeferred(
+                self.auth_handler.get_access_token_for_user_id(
+                    "user_a", device_id=None, valid_until_ms=None
+                )
             )
 
         self.hs.get_datastore().get_monthly_active_count = Mock(
             return_value=defer.succeed(self.hs.config.max_mau_value)
         )
         with self.assertRaises(ResourceLimitError):
-            yield self.auth_handler.validate_short_term_login_token_and_get_user_id(
-                self._get_macaroon().serialize()
+            yield defer.ensureDeferred(
+                self.auth_handler.validate_short_term_login_token_and_get_user_id(
+                    self._get_macaroon().serialize()
+                )
             )
         # If in monthly active cohort
         self.hs.get_datastore().user_last_seen_monthly_active = Mock(
@@ -172,8 +188,10 @@ class AuthTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         self.hs.get_datastore().get_monthly_active_count = Mock(
             return_value=defer.succeed(self.hs.config.max_mau_value)
         )
-        yield self.auth_handler.get_access_token_for_user_id(
-            "user_a", device_id=None, valid_until_ms=None
+        yield defer.ensureDeferred(
+            self.auth_handler.get_access_token_for_user_id(
+                "user_a", device_id=None, valid_until_ms=None
+            )
         )
         self.hs.get_datastore().user_last_seen_monthly_active = Mock(
             return_value=defer.succeed(self.hs.get_clock().time_msec())
@@ -181,8 +199,10 @@ class AuthTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         self.hs.get_datastore().get_monthly_active_count = Mock(
             return_value=defer.succeed(self.hs.config.max_mau_value)
         )
-        yield self.auth_handler.validate_short_term_login_token_and_get_user_id(
-            self._get_macaroon().serialize()
+        yield defer.ensureDeferred(
+            self.auth_handler.validate_short_term_login_token_and_get_user_id(
+                self._get_macaroon().serialize()
+            )
         )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -193,15 +213,19 @@ class AuthTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
             return_value=defer.succeed(self.small_number_of_users)
         )
         # Ensure does not raise exception
-        yield self.auth_handler.get_access_token_for_user_id(
-            "user_a", device_id=None, valid_until_ms=None
+        yield defer.ensureDeferred(
+            self.auth_handler.get_access_token_for_user_id(
+                "user_a", device_id=None, valid_until_ms=None
+            )
         )
 
         self.hs.get_datastore().get_monthly_active_count = Mock(
             return_value=defer.succeed(self.small_number_of_users)
         )
-        yield self.auth_handler.validate_short_term_login_token_and_get_user_id(
-            self._get_macaroon().serialize()
+        yield defer.ensureDeferred(
+            self.auth_handler.validate_short_term_login_token_and_get_user_id(
+                self._get_macaroon().serialize()
+            )
         )
 
     def _get_macaroon(self):
diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_directory.py b/tests/handlers/test_directory.py
index 5e40adba52..00bb776271 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_directory.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_directory.py
@@ -102,6 +102,68 @@ class DirectoryTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         self.assertEquals({"room_id": "!8765asdf:test", "servers": ["test"]}, response)
 
 
+class TestCreateAlias(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
+    servlets = [
+        synapse.rest.admin.register_servlets,
+        login.register_servlets,
+        room.register_servlets,
+        directory.register_servlets,
+    ]
+
+    def prepare(self, reactor, clock, hs):
+        self.handler = hs.get_handlers().directory_handler
+
+        # Create user
+        self.admin_user = self.register_user("admin", "pass", admin=True)
+        self.admin_user_tok = self.login("admin", "pass")
+
+        # Create a test room
+        self.room_id = self.helper.create_room_as(
+            self.admin_user, tok=self.admin_user_tok
+        )
+
+        self.test_alias = "#test:test"
+        self.room_alias = RoomAlias.from_string(self.test_alias)
+
+        # Create a test user.
+        self.test_user = self.register_user("user", "pass", admin=False)
+        self.test_user_tok = self.login("user", "pass")
+        self.helper.join(room=self.room_id, user=self.test_user, tok=self.test_user_tok)
+
+    def test_create_alias_joined_room(self):
+        """A user can create an alias for a room they're in."""
+        self.get_success(
+            self.handler.create_association(
+                create_requester(self.test_user), self.room_alias, self.room_id,
+            )
+        )
+
+    def test_create_alias_other_room(self):
+        """A user cannot create an alias for a room they're NOT in."""
+        other_room_id = self.helper.create_room_as(
+            self.admin_user, tok=self.admin_user_tok
+        )
+
+        self.get_failure(
+            self.handler.create_association(
+                create_requester(self.test_user), self.room_alias, other_room_id,
+            ),
+            synapse.api.errors.SynapseError,
+        )
+
+    def test_create_alias_admin(self):
+        """An admin can create an alias for a room they're NOT in."""
+        other_room_id = self.helper.create_room_as(
+            self.test_user, tok=self.test_user_tok
+        )
+
+        self.get_success(
+            self.handler.create_association(
+                create_requester(self.admin_user), self.room_alias, other_room_id,
+            )
+        )
+
+
 class TestDeleteAlias(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
     servlets = [
         synapse.rest.admin.register_servlets,
diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_profile.py b/tests/handlers/test_profile.py
index d60c124eec..be665262c6 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_profile.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_profile.py
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ from mock import Mock, NonCallableMock
 from twisted.internet import defer
 
 import synapse.types
-from synapse.api.errors import AuthError
+from synapse.api.errors import AuthError, SynapseError
 from synapse.handlers.profile import MasterProfileHandler
 from synapse.types import UserID
 
@@ -70,6 +70,7 @@ class ProfileTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         yield self.store.create_profile(self.frank.localpart)
 
         self.handler = hs.get_profile_handler()
+        self.hs = hs
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def test_get_my_name(self):
@@ -90,6 +91,33 @@ class ProfileTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
             "Frank Jr.",
         )
 
+        # Set displayname again
+        yield self.handler.set_displayname(
+            self.frank, synapse.types.create_requester(self.frank), "Frank"
+        )
+
+        self.assertEquals(
+            (yield self.store.get_profile_displayname(self.frank.localpart)), "Frank",
+        )
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def test_set_my_name_if_disabled(self):
+        self.hs.config.enable_set_displayname = False
+
+        # Setting displayname for the first time is allowed
+        yield self.store.set_profile_displayname(self.frank.localpart, "Frank")
+
+        self.assertEquals(
+            (yield self.store.get_profile_displayname(self.frank.localpart)), "Frank",
+        )
+
+        # Setting displayname a second time is forbidden
+        d = self.handler.set_displayname(
+            self.frank, synapse.types.create_requester(self.frank), "Frank Jr."
+        )
+
+        yield self.assertFailure(d, SynapseError)
+
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def test_set_my_name_noauth(self):
         d = self.handler.set_displayname(
@@ -147,3 +175,38 @@ class ProfileTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
             (yield self.store.get_profile_avatar_url(self.frank.localpart)),
             "http://my.server/pic.gif",
         )
+
+        # Set avatar again
+        yield self.handler.set_avatar_url(
+            self.frank,
+            synapse.types.create_requester(self.frank),
+            "http://my.server/me.png",
+        )
+
+        self.assertEquals(
+            (yield self.store.get_profile_avatar_url(self.frank.localpart)),
+            "http://my.server/me.png",
+        )
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def test_set_my_avatar_if_disabled(self):
+        self.hs.config.enable_set_avatar_url = False
+
+        # Setting displayname for the first time is allowed
+        yield self.store.set_profile_avatar_url(
+            self.frank.localpart, "http://my.server/me.png"
+        )
+
+        self.assertEquals(
+            (yield self.store.get_profile_avatar_url(self.frank.localpart)),
+            "http://my.server/me.png",
+        )
+
+        # Set avatar a second time is forbidden
+        d = self.handler.set_avatar_url(
+            self.frank,
+            synapse.types.create_requester(self.frank),
+            "http://my.server/pic.gif",
+        )
+
+        yield self.assertFailure(d, SynapseError)
diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_register.py b/tests/handlers/test_register.py
index e2915eb7b1..f1dc51d6c9 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_register.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_register.py
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ class RegistrationTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
     """ Tests the RegistrationHandler. """
 
     def make_homeserver(self, reactor, clock):
-        hs_config = self.default_config("test")
+        hs_config = self.default_config()
 
         # some of the tests rely on us having a user consent version
         hs_config["user_consent"] = {
@@ -294,7 +294,9 @@ class RegistrationTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
                 create_profile_with_displayname=user.localpart,
             )
         else:
-            yield self.hs.get_auth_handler().delete_access_tokens_for_user(user_id)
+            yield defer.ensureDeferred(
+                self.hs.get_auth_handler().delete_access_tokens_for_user(user_id)
+            )
 
         yield self.store.add_access_token_to_user(
             user_id=user_id, token=token, device_id=None, valid_until_ms=None
diff --git a/tests/http/federation/test_matrix_federation_agent.py b/tests/http/federation/test_matrix_federation_agent.py
index fdc1d918ff..562397cdda 100644
--- a/tests/http/federation/test_matrix_federation_agent.py
+++ b/tests/http/federation/test_matrix_federation_agent.py
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ from synapse.http.federation.well_known_resolver import (
     WellKnownResolver,
     _cache_period_from_headers,
 )
-from synapse.logging.context import LoggingContext
+from synapse.logging.context import SENTINEL_CONTEXT, LoggingContext, current_context
 from synapse.util.caches.ttlcache import TTLCache
 
 from tests import unittest
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ class MatrixFederationAgentTests(unittest.TestCase):
             self.assertNoResult(fetch_d)
 
             # should have reset logcontext to the sentinel
-            _check_logcontext(LoggingContext.sentinel)
+            _check_logcontext(SENTINEL_CONTEXT)
 
             try:
                 fetch_res = yield fetch_d
@@ -1197,7 +1197,7 @@ class TestCachePeriodFromHeaders(unittest.TestCase):
 
 
 def _check_logcontext(context):
-    current = LoggingContext.current_context()
+    current = current_context()
     if current is not context:
         raise AssertionError("Expected logcontext %s but was %s" % (context, current))
 
diff --git a/tests/http/federation/test_srv_resolver.py b/tests/http/federation/test_srv_resolver.py
index df034ab237..babc201643 100644
--- a/tests/http/federation/test_srv_resolver.py
+++ b/tests/http/federation/test_srv_resolver.py
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ from twisted.internet.error import ConnectError
 from twisted.names import dns, error
 
 from synapse.http.federation.srv_resolver import SrvResolver
-from synapse.logging.context import LoggingContext
+from synapse.logging.context import SENTINEL_CONTEXT, LoggingContext, current_context
 
 from tests import unittest
 from tests.utils import MockClock
@@ -54,12 +54,12 @@ class SrvResolverTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
                 self.assertNoResult(resolve_d)
 
                 # should have reset to the sentinel context
-                self.assertIs(LoggingContext.current_context(), LoggingContext.sentinel)
+                self.assertIs(current_context(), SENTINEL_CONTEXT)
 
                 result = yield resolve_d
 
                 # should have restored our context
-                self.assertIs(LoggingContext.current_context(), ctx)
+                self.assertIs(current_context(), ctx)
 
                 return result
 
diff --git a/tests/http/test_fedclient.py b/tests/http/test_fedclient.py
index 2b01f40a42..fff4f0cbf4 100644
--- a/tests/http/test_fedclient.py
+++ b/tests/http/test_fedclient.py
@@ -29,14 +29,14 @@ from synapse.http.matrixfederationclient import (
     MatrixFederationHttpClient,
     MatrixFederationRequest,
 )
-from synapse.logging.context import LoggingContext
+from synapse.logging.context import SENTINEL_CONTEXT, LoggingContext, current_context
 
 from tests.server import FakeTransport
 from tests.unittest import HomeserverTestCase
 
 
 def check_logcontext(context):
-    current = LoggingContext.current_context()
+    current = current_context()
     if current is not context:
         raise AssertionError("Expected logcontext %s but was %s" % (context, current))
 
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ class FederationClientTests(HomeserverTestCase):
                 self.assertNoResult(fetch_d)
 
                 # should have reset logcontext to the sentinel
-                check_logcontext(LoggingContext.sentinel)
+                check_logcontext(SENTINEL_CONTEXT)
 
                 try:
                     fetch_res = yield fetch_d
diff --git a/tests/replication/slave/storage/_base.py b/tests/replication/slave/storage/_base.py
index 2a1e7c7166..395c7d0306 100644
--- a/tests/replication/slave/storage/_base.py
+++ b/tests/replication/slave/storage/_base.py
@@ -16,9 +16,10 @@
 from mock import Mock, NonCallableMock
 
 from synapse.replication.tcp.client import (
-    ReplicationClientFactory,
-    ReplicationClientHandler,
+    DirectTcpReplicationClientFactory,
+    ReplicationDataHandler,
 )
+from synapse.replication.tcp.handler import ReplicationCommandHandler
 from synapse.replication.tcp.resource import ReplicationStreamProtocolFactory
 from synapse.storage.database import make_conn
 
@@ -51,15 +52,19 @@ class BaseSlavedStoreTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         self.event_id = 0
 
         server_factory = ReplicationStreamProtocolFactory(self.hs)
-        self.streamer = server_factory.streamer
+        self.streamer = hs.get_replication_streamer()
 
-        handler_factory = Mock()
-        self.replication_handler = ReplicationClientHandler(self.slaved_store)
-        self.replication_handler.factory = handler_factory
+        # We now do some gut wrenching so that we have a client that is based
+        # off of the slave store rather than the main store.
+        self.replication_handler = ReplicationCommandHandler(self.hs)
+        self.replication_handler._replication_data_handler = ReplicationDataHandler(
+            self.slaved_store
+        )
 
-        client_factory = ReplicationClientFactory(
+        client_factory = DirectTcpReplicationClientFactory(
             self.hs, "client_name", self.replication_handler
         )
+        client_factory.handler = self.replication_handler
 
         server = server_factory.buildProtocol(None)
         client = client_factory.buildProtocol(None)
diff --git a/tests/replication/tcp/streams/_base.py b/tests/replication/tcp/streams/_base.py
index e96ad4ca4e..32238fe79a 100644
--- a/tests/replication/tcp/streams/_base.py
+++ b/tests/replication/tcp/streams/_base.py
@@ -12,9 +12,10 @@
 # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
+
 from mock import Mock
 
-from synapse.replication.tcp.commands import ReplicateCommand
+from synapse.replication.tcp.handler import ReplicationCommandHandler
 from synapse.replication.tcp.protocol import ClientReplicationStreamProtocol
 from synapse.replication.tcp.resource import ReplicationStreamProtocolFactory
 
@@ -25,23 +26,46 @@ from tests.server import FakeTransport
 class BaseStreamTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
     """Base class for tests of the replication streams"""
 
+    def make_homeserver(self, reactor, clock):
+        self.test_handler = Mock(wraps=TestReplicationDataHandler())
+        return self.setup_test_homeserver(replication_data_handler=self.test_handler)
+
     def prepare(self, reactor, clock, hs):
         # build a replication server
-        server_factory = ReplicationStreamProtocolFactory(self.hs)
-        self.streamer = server_factory.streamer
-        server = server_factory.buildProtocol(None)
-
-        # build a replication client, with a dummy handler
-        handler_factory = Mock()
-        self.test_handler = TestReplicationClientHandler()
-        self.test_handler.factory = handler_factory
+        server_factory = ReplicationStreamProtocolFactory(hs)
+        self.streamer = hs.get_replication_streamer()
+        self.server = server_factory.buildProtocol(None)
+
+        repl_handler = ReplicationCommandHandler(hs)
+        repl_handler.handler = self.test_handler
         self.client = ClientReplicationStreamProtocol(
-            "client", "test", clock, self.test_handler
+            hs, "client", "test", clock, repl_handler,
         )
 
-        # wire them together
-        self.client.makeConnection(FakeTransport(server, reactor))
-        server.makeConnection(FakeTransport(self.client, reactor))
+        self._client_transport = None
+        self._server_transport = None
+
+    def reconnect(self):
+        if self._client_transport:
+            self.client.close()
+
+        if self._server_transport:
+            self.server.close()
+
+        self._client_transport = FakeTransport(self.server, self.reactor)
+        self.client.makeConnection(self._client_transport)
+
+        self._server_transport = FakeTransport(self.client, self.reactor)
+        self.server.makeConnection(self._server_transport)
+
+    def disconnect(self):
+        if self._client_transport:
+            self._client_transport = None
+            self.client.close()
+
+        if self._server_transport:
+            self._server_transport = None
+            self.server.close()
 
     def replicate(self):
         """Tell the master side of replication that something has happened, and then
@@ -50,29 +74,24 @@ class BaseStreamTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         self.streamer.on_notifier_poke()
         self.pump(0.1)
 
-    def replicate_stream(self, stream, token="NOW"):
-        """Make the client end a REPLICATE command to set up a subscription to a stream"""
-        self.client.send_command(ReplicateCommand(stream, token))
 
-
-class TestReplicationClientHandler(object):
-    """Drop-in for ReplicationClientHandler which just collects RDATA rows"""
+class TestReplicationDataHandler:
+    """Drop-in for ReplicationDataHandler which just collects RDATA rows"""
 
     def __init__(self):
-        self.received_rdata_rows = []
+        self.streams = set()
+        self._received_rdata_rows = []
 
     def get_streams_to_replicate(self):
-        return {}
-
-    def get_currently_syncing_users(self):
-        return []
-
-    def update_connection(self, connection):
-        pass
-
-    def finished_connecting(self):
-        pass
+        positions = {s: 0 for s in self.streams}
+        for stream, token, _ in self._received_rdata_rows:
+            if stream in self.streams:
+                positions[stream] = max(token, positions.get(stream, 0))
+        return positions
 
     async def on_rdata(self, stream_name, token, rows):
         for r in rows:
-            self.received_rdata_rows.append((stream_name, token, r))
+            self._received_rdata_rows.append((stream_name, token, r))
+
+    async def on_position(self, stream_name, token):
+        pass
diff --git a/tests/replication/tcp/streams/test_receipts.py b/tests/replication/tcp/streams/test_receipts.py
index d5a99f6caa..a0206f7363 100644
--- a/tests/replication/tcp/streams/test_receipts.py
+++ b/tests/replication/tcp/streams/test_receipts.py
@@ -12,35 +12,68 @@
 # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
-from synapse.replication.tcp.streams._base import ReceiptsStreamRow
+from synapse.replication.tcp.streams._base import ReceiptsStream
 
 from tests.replication.tcp.streams._base import BaseStreamTestCase
 
 USER_ID = "@feeling:blue"
-ROOM_ID = "!room:blue"
-EVENT_ID = "$event:blue"
 
 
 class ReceiptsStreamTestCase(BaseStreamTestCase):
     def test_receipt(self):
+        self.reconnect()
+
         # make the client subscribe to the receipts stream
-        self.replicate_stream("receipts", "NOW")
+        self.test_handler.streams.add("receipts")
 
         # tell the master to send a new receipt
         self.get_success(
             self.hs.get_datastore().insert_receipt(
-                ROOM_ID, "m.read", USER_ID, [EVENT_ID], {"a": 1}
+                "!room:blue", "m.read", USER_ID, ["$event:blue"], {"a": 1}
             )
         )
         self.replicate()
 
         # there should be one RDATA command
-        rdata_rows = self.test_handler.received_rdata_rows
+        self.test_handler.on_rdata.assert_called_once()
+        stream_name, token, rdata_rows = self.test_handler.on_rdata.call_args[0]
+        self.assertEqual(stream_name, "receipts")
         self.assertEqual(1, len(rdata_rows))
-        self.assertEqual(rdata_rows[0][0], "receipts")
-        row = rdata_rows[0][2]  # type: ReceiptsStreamRow
-        self.assertEqual(ROOM_ID, row.room_id)
+        row = rdata_rows[0]  # type: ReceiptsStream.ReceiptsStreamRow
+        self.assertEqual("!room:blue", row.room_id)
         self.assertEqual("m.read", row.receipt_type)
         self.assertEqual(USER_ID, row.user_id)
-        self.assertEqual(EVENT_ID, row.event_id)
+        self.assertEqual("$event:blue", row.event_id)
         self.assertEqual({"a": 1}, row.data)
+
+        # Now let's disconnect and insert some data.
+        self.disconnect()
+
+        self.test_handler.on_rdata.reset_mock()
+
+        self.get_success(
+            self.hs.get_datastore().insert_receipt(
+                "!room2:blue", "m.read", USER_ID, ["$event2:foo"], {"a": 2}
+            )
+        )
+        self.replicate()
+
+        # Nothing should have happened as we are disconnected
+        self.test_handler.on_rdata.assert_not_called()
+
+        self.reconnect()
+        self.pump(0.1)
+
+        # We should now have caught up and get the missing data
+        self.test_handler.on_rdata.assert_called_once()
+        stream_name, token, rdata_rows = self.test_handler.on_rdata.call_args[0]
+        self.assertEqual(stream_name, "receipts")
+        self.assertEqual(token, 3)
+        self.assertEqual(1, len(rdata_rows))
+
+        row = rdata_rows[0]  # type: ReceiptsStream.ReceiptsStreamRow
+        self.assertEqual("!room2:blue", row.room_id)
+        self.assertEqual("m.read", row.receipt_type)
+        self.assertEqual(USER_ID, row.user_id)
+        self.assertEqual("$event2:foo", row.event_id)
+        self.assertEqual({"a": 2}, row.data)
diff --git a/tests/rest/admin/test_room.py b/tests/rest/admin/test_room.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..672cc3eac5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/rest/admin/test_room.py
@@ -0,0 +1,288 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

+# Copyright 2020 Dirk Klimpel

+#

+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");

+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.

+# You may obtain a copy of the License at

+#

+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

+#

+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software

+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,

+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.

+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and

+# limitations under the License.

+

+import json

+

+import synapse.rest.admin

+from synapse.api.errors import Codes

+from synapse.rest.client.v1 import login, room

+

+from tests import unittest

+

+"""Tests admin REST events for /rooms paths."""

+

+

+class JoinAliasRoomTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):

+

+    servlets = [

+        synapse.rest.admin.register_servlets,

+        room.register_servlets,

+        login.register_servlets,

+    ]

+

+    def prepare(self, reactor, clock, homeserver):

+        self.admin_user = self.register_user("admin", "pass", admin=True)

+        self.admin_user_tok = self.login("admin", "pass")

+

+        self.creator = self.register_user("creator", "test")

+        self.creator_tok = self.login("creator", "test")

+

+        self.second_user_id = self.register_user("second", "test")

+        self.second_tok = self.login("second", "test")

+

+        self.public_room_id = self.helper.create_room_as(

+            self.creator, tok=self.creator_tok, is_public=True

+        )

+        self.url = "/_synapse/admin/v1/join/{}".format(self.public_room_id)

+

+    def test_requester_is_no_admin(self):

+        """

+        If the user is not a server admin, an error 403 is returned.

+        """

+        body = json.dumps({"user_id": self.second_user_id})

+

+        request, channel = self.make_request(

+            "POST",

+            self.url,

+            content=body.encode(encoding="utf_8"),

+            access_token=self.second_tok,

+        )

+        self.render(request)

+

+        self.assertEqual(403, int(channel.result["code"]), msg=channel.result["body"])

+        self.assertEqual(Codes.FORBIDDEN, channel.json_body["errcode"])

+

+    def test_invalid_parameter(self):

+        """

+        If a parameter is missing, return an error

+        """

+        body = json.dumps({"unknown_parameter": "@unknown:test"})

+

+        request, channel = self.make_request(

+            "POST",

+            self.url,

+            content=body.encode(encoding="utf_8"),

+            access_token=self.admin_user_tok,

+        )

+        self.render(request)

+

+        self.assertEqual(400, int(channel.result["code"]), msg=channel.result["body"])

+        self.assertEqual(Codes.MISSING_PARAM, channel.json_body["errcode"])

+

+    def test_local_user_does_not_exist(self):

+        """

+        Tests that a lookup for a user that does not exist returns a 404

+        """

+        body = json.dumps({"user_id": "@unknown:test"})

+

+        request, channel = self.make_request(

+            "POST",

+            self.url,

+            content=body.encode(encoding="utf_8"),

+            access_token=self.admin_user_tok,

+        )

+        self.render(request)

+

+        self.assertEqual(404, int(channel.result["code"]), msg=channel.result["body"])

+        self.assertEqual(Codes.NOT_FOUND, channel.json_body["errcode"])

+

+    def test_remote_user(self):

+        """

+        Check that only local user can join rooms.

+        """

+        body = json.dumps({"user_id": "@not:exist.bla"})

+

+        request, channel = self.make_request(

+            "POST",

+            self.url,

+            content=body.encode(encoding="utf_8"),

+            access_token=self.admin_user_tok,

+        )

+        self.render(request)

+

+        self.assertEqual(400, int(channel.result["code"]), msg=channel.result["body"])

+        self.assertEqual(

+            "This endpoint can only be used with local users",

+            channel.json_body["error"],

+        )

+

+    def test_room_does_not_exist(self):

+        """

+        Check that unknown rooms/server return error 404.

+        """

+        body = json.dumps({"user_id": self.second_user_id})

+        url = "/_synapse/admin/v1/join/!unknown:test"

+

+        request, channel = self.make_request(

+            "POST",

+            url,

+            content=body.encode(encoding="utf_8"),

+            access_token=self.admin_user_tok,

+        )

+        self.render(request)

+

+        self.assertEqual(404, int(channel.result["code"]), msg=channel.result["body"])

+        self.assertEqual("No known servers", channel.json_body["error"])

+

+    def test_room_is_not_valid(self):

+        """

+        Check that invalid room names, return an error 400.

+        """

+        body = json.dumps({"user_id": self.second_user_id})

+        url = "/_synapse/admin/v1/join/invalidroom"

+

+        request, channel = self.make_request(

+            "POST",

+            url,

+            content=body.encode(encoding="utf_8"),

+            access_token=self.admin_user_tok,

+        )

+        self.render(request)

+

+        self.assertEqual(400, int(channel.result["code"]), msg=channel.result["body"])

+        self.assertEqual(

+            "invalidroom was not legal room ID or room alias",

+            channel.json_body["error"],

+        )

+

+    def test_join_public_room(self):

+        """

+        Test joining a local user to a public room with "JoinRules.PUBLIC"

+        """

+        body = json.dumps({"user_id": self.second_user_id})

+

+        request, channel = self.make_request(

+            "POST",

+            self.url,

+            content=body.encode(encoding="utf_8"),

+            access_token=self.admin_user_tok,

+        )

+        self.render(request)

+

+        self.assertEqual(200, int(channel.result["code"]), msg=channel.result["body"])

+        self.assertEqual(self.public_room_id, channel.json_body["room_id"])

+

+        # Validate if user is a member of the room

+

+        request, channel = self.make_request(

+            "GET", "/_matrix/client/r0/joined_rooms", access_token=self.second_tok,

+        )

+        self.render(request)

+        self.assertEquals(200, int(channel.result["code"]), msg=channel.result["body"])

+        self.assertEqual(self.public_room_id, channel.json_body["joined_rooms"][0])

+

+    def test_join_private_room_if_not_member(self):

+        """

+        Test joining a local user to a private room with "JoinRules.INVITE"

+        when server admin is not member of this room.

+        """

+        private_room_id = self.helper.create_room_as(

+            self.creator, tok=self.creator_tok, is_public=False

+        )

+        url = "/_synapse/admin/v1/join/{}".format(private_room_id)

+        body = json.dumps({"user_id": self.second_user_id})

+

+        request, channel = self.make_request(

+            "POST",

+            url,

+            content=body.encode(encoding="utf_8"),

+            access_token=self.admin_user_tok,

+        )

+        self.render(request)

+

+        self.assertEqual(403, int(channel.result["code"]), msg=channel.result["body"])

+        self.assertEqual(Codes.FORBIDDEN, channel.json_body["errcode"])

+

+    def test_join_private_room_if_member(self):

+        """

+        Test joining a local user to a private room with "JoinRules.INVITE",

+        when server admin is member of this room.

+        """

+        private_room_id = self.helper.create_room_as(

+            self.creator, tok=self.creator_tok, is_public=False

+        )

+        self.helper.invite(

+            room=private_room_id,

+            src=self.creator,

+            targ=self.admin_user,

+            tok=self.creator_tok,

+        )

+        self.helper.join(

+            room=private_room_id, user=self.admin_user, tok=self.admin_user_tok

+        )

+

+        # Validate if server admin is a member of the room

+

+        request, channel = self.make_request(

+            "GET", "/_matrix/client/r0/joined_rooms", access_token=self.admin_user_tok,

+        )

+        self.render(request)

+        self.assertEquals(200, int(channel.result["code"]), msg=channel.result["body"])

+        self.assertEqual(private_room_id, channel.json_body["joined_rooms"][0])

+

+        # Join user to room.

+

+        url = "/_synapse/admin/v1/join/{}".format(private_room_id)

+        body = json.dumps({"user_id": self.second_user_id})

+

+        request, channel = self.make_request(

+            "POST",

+            url,

+            content=body.encode(encoding="utf_8"),

+            access_token=self.admin_user_tok,

+        )

+        self.render(request)

+        self.assertEqual(200, int(channel.result["code"]), msg=channel.result["body"])

+        self.assertEqual(private_room_id, channel.json_body["room_id"])

+

+        # Validate if user is a member of the room

+

+        request, channel = self.make_request(

+            "GET", "/_matrix/client/r0/joined_rooms", access_token=self.second_tok,

+        )

+        self.render(request)

+        self.assertEquals(200, int(channel.result["code"]), msg=channel.result["body"])

+        self.assertEqual(private_room_id, channel.json_body["joined_rooms"][0])

+

+    def test_join_private_room_if_owner(self):

+        """

+        Test joining a local user to a private room with "JoinRules.INVITE",

+        when server admin is owner of this room.

+        """

+        private_room_id = self.helper.create_room_as(

+            self.admin_user, tok=self.admin_user_tok, is_public=False

+        )

+        url = "/_synapse/admin/v1/join/{}".format(private_room_id)

+        body = json.dumps({"user_id": self.second_user_id})

+

+        request, channel = self.make_request(

+            "POST",

+            url,

+            content=body.encode(encoding="utf_8"),

+            access_token=self.admin_user_tok,

+        )

+        self.render(request)

+

+        self.assertEqual(200, int(channel.result["code"]), msg=channel.result["body"])

+        self.assertEqual(private_room_id, channel.json_body["room_id"])

+

+        # Validate if user is a member of the room

+

+        request, channel = self.make_request(

+            "GET", "/_matrix/client/r0/joined_rooms", access_token=self.second_tok,

+        )

+        self.render(request)

+        self.assertEquals(200, int(channel.result["code"]), msg=channel.result["body"])

+        self.assertEqual(private_room_id, channel.json_body["joined_rooms"][0])

diff --git a/tests/rest/client/test_power_levels.py b/tests/rest/client/test_power_levels.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..913ea3c98e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/rest/client/test_power_levels.py
@@ -0,0 +1,205 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+from synapse.rest import admin
+from synapse.rest.client.v1 import login, room
+from synapse.rest.client.v2_alpha import sync
+
+from tests.unittest import HomeserverTestCase
+
+
+class PowerLevelsTestCase(HomeserverTestCase):
+    """Tests that power levels are enforced in various situations"""
+
+    servlets = [
+        admin.register_servlets,
+        room.register_servlets,
+        login.register_servlets,
+        sync.register_servlets,
+    ]
+
+    def make_homeserver(self, reactor, clock):
+        config = self.default_config()
+
+        return self.setup_test_homeserver(config=config)
+
+    def prepare(self, reactor, clock, hs):
+        # register a room admin, moderator and regular user
+        self.admin_user_id = self.register_user("admin", "pass")
+        self.admin_access_token = self.login("admin", "pass")
+        self.mod_user_id = self.register_user("mod", "pass")
+        self.mod_access_token = self.login("mod", "pass")
+        self.user_user_id = self.register_user("user", "pass")
+        self.user_access_token = self.login("user", "pass")
+
+        # Create a room
+        self.room_id = self.helper.create_room_as(
+            self.admin_user_id, tok=self.admin_access_token
+        )
+
+        # Invite the other users
+        self.helper.invite(
+            room=self.room_id,
+            src=self.admin_user_id,
+            tok=self.admin_access_token,
+            targ=self.mod_user_id,
+        )
+        self.helper.invite(
+            room=self.room_id,
+            src=self.admin_user_id,
+            tok=self.admin_access_token,
+            targ=self.user_user_id,
+        )
+
+        # Make the other users join the room
+        self.helper.join(
+            room=self.room_id, user=self.mod_user_id, tok=self.mod_access_token
+        )
+        self.helper.join(
+            room=self.room_id, user=self.user_user_id, tok=self.user_access_token
+        )
+
+        # Mod the mod
+        room_power_levels = self.helper.get_state(
+            self.room_id, "m.room.power_levels", tok=self.admin_access_token,
+        )
+
+        # Update existing power levels with mod at PL50
+        room_power_levels["users"].update({self.mod_user_id: 50})
+
+        self.helper.send_state(
+            self.room_id,
+            "m.room.power_levels",
+            room_power_levels,
+            tok=self.admin_access_token,
+        )
+
+    def test_non_admins_cannot_enable_room_encryption(self):
+        # have the mod try to enable room encryption
+        self.helper.send_state(
+            self.room_id,
+            "m.room.encryption",
+            {"algorithm": "m.megolm.v1.aes-sha2"},
+            tok=self.mod_access_token,
+            expect_code=403,  # expect failure
+        )
+
+        # have the user try to enable room encryption
+        self.helper.send_state(
+            self.room_id,
+            "m.room.encryption",
+            {"algorithm": "m.megolm.v1.aes-sha2"},
+            tok=self.user_access_token,
+            expect_code=403,  # expect failure
+        )
+
+    def test_non_admins_cannot_send_server_acl(self):
+        # have the mod try to send a server ACL
+        self.helper.send_state(
+            self.room_id,
+            "m.room.server_acl",
+            {
+                "allow": ["*"],
+                "allow_ip_literals": False,
+                "deny": ["*.evil.com", "evil.com"],
+            },
+            tok=self.mod_access_token,
+            expect_code=403,  # expect failure
+        )
+
+        # have the user try to send a server ACL
+        self.helper.send_state(
+            self.room_id,
+            "m.room.server_acl",
+            {
+                "allow": ["*"],
+                "allow_ip_literals": False,
+                "deny": ["*.evil.com", "evil.com"],
+            },
+            tok=self.user_access_token,
+            expect_code=403,  # expect failure
+        )
+
+    def test_non_admins_cannot_tombstone_room(self):
+        # Create another room that will serve as our "upgraded room"
+        self.upgraded_room_id = self.helper.create_room_as(
+            self.admin_user_id, tok=self.admin_access_token
+        )
+
+        # have the mod try to send a tombstone event
+        self.helper.send_state(
+            self.room_id,
+            "m.room.tombstone",
+            {
+                "body": "This room has been replaced",
+                "replacement_room": self.upgraded_room_id,
+            },
+            tok=self.mod_access_token,
+            expect_code=403,  # expect failure
+        )
+
+        # have the user try to send a tombstone event
+        self.helper.send_state(
+            self.room_id,
+            "m.room.tombstone",
+            {
+                "body": "This room has been replaced",
+                "replacement_room": self.upgraded_room_id,
+            },
+            tok=self.user_access_token,
+            expect_code=403,  # expect failure
+        )
+
+    def test_admins_can_enable_room_encryption(self):
+        # have the admin try to enable room encryption
+        self.helper.send_state(
+            self.room_id,
+            "m.room.encryption",
+            {"algorithm": "m.megolm.v1.aes-sha2"},
+            tok=self.admin_access_token,
+            expect_code=200,  # expect success
+        )
+
+    def test_admins_can_send_server_acl(self):
+        # have the admin try to send a server ACL
+        self.helper.send_state(
+            self.room_id,
+            "m.room.server_acl",
+            {
+                "allow": ["*"],
+                "allow_ip_literals": False,
+                "deny": ["*.evil.com", "evil.com"],
+            },
+            tok=self.admin_access_token,
+            expect_code=200,  # expect success
+        )
+
+    def test_admins_can_tombstone_room(self):
+        # Create another room that will serve as our "upgraded room"
+        self.upgraded_room_id = self.helper.create_room_as(
+            self.admin_user_id, tok=self.admin_access_token
+        )
+
+        # have the admin try to send a tombstone event
+        self.helper.send_state(
+            self.room_id,
+            "m.room.tombstone",
+            {
+                "body": "This room has been replaced",
+                "replacement_room": self.upgraded_room_id,
+            },
+            tok=self.admin_access_token,
+            expect_code=200,  # expect success
+        )
diff --git a/tests/rest/client/test_transactions.py b/tests/rest/client/test_transactions.py
index a3d7e3c046..171632e195 100644
--- a/tests/rest/client/test_transactions.py
+++ b/tests/rest/client/test_transactions.py
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ from mock import Mock, call
 
 from twisted.internet import defer, reactor
 
-from synapse.logging.context import LoggingContext
+from synapse.logging.context import SENTINEL_CONTEXT, LoggingContext, current_context
 from synapse.rest.client.transactions import CLEANUP_PERIOD_MS, HttpTransactionCache
 from synapse.util import Clock
 
@@ -52,14 +52,14 @@ class HttpTransactionCacheTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         def test():
             with LoggingContext("c") as c1:
                 res = yield self.cache.fetch_or_execute(self.mock_key, cb)
-                self.assertIs(LoggingContext.current_context(), c1)
+                self.assertIs(current_context(), c1)
                 self.assertEqual(res, "yay")
 
         # run the test twice in parallel
         d = defer.gatherResults([test(), test()])
-        self.assertIs(LoggingContext.current_context(), LoggingContext.sentinel)
+        self.assertIs(current_context(), SENTINEL_CONTEXT)
         yield d
-        self.assertIs(LoggingContext.current_context(), LoggingContext.sentinel)
+        self.assertIs(current_context(), SENTINEL_CONTEXT)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def test_does_not_cache_exceptions(self):
@@ -81,11 +81,11 @@ class HttpTransactionCacheTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
                 yield self.cache.fetch_or_execute(self.mock_key, cb)
             except Exception as e:
                 self.assertEqual(e.args[0], "boo")
-            self.assertIs(LoggingContext.current_context(), test_context)
+            self.assertIs(current_context(), test_context)
 
             res = yield self.cache.fetch_or_execute(self.mock_key, cb)
             self.assertEqual(res, self.mock_http_response)
-            self.assertIs(LoggingContext.current_context(), test_context)
+            self.assertIs(current_context(), test_context)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def test_does_not_cache_failures(self):
@@ -107,11 +107,11 @@ class HttpTransactionCacheTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
                 yield self.cache.fetch_or_execute(self.mock_key, cb)
             except Exception as e:
                 self.assertEqual(e.args[0], "boo")
-            self.assertIs(LoggingContext.current_context(), test_context)
+            self.assertIs(current_context(), test_context)
 
             res = yield self.cache.fetch_or_execute(self.mock_key, cb)
             self.assertEqual(res, self.mock_http_response)
-            self.assertIs(LoggingContext.current_context(), test_context)
+            self.assertIs(current_context(), test_context)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def test_cleans_up(self):
diff --git a/tests/rest/client/v1/test_events.py b/tests/rest/client/v1/test_events.py
index ffb2de1505..b54b06482b 100644
--- a/tests/rest/client/v1/test_events.py
+++ b/tests/rest/client/v1/test_events.py
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ class EventStreamPermissionsTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
 
         return hs
 
-    def prepare(self, hs, reactor, clock):
+    def prepare(self, reactor, clock, hs):
 
         # register an account
         self.user_id = self.register_user("sid1", "pass")
diff --git a/tests/rest/client/v1/test_login.py b/tests/rest/client/v1/test_login.py
index da2c9bfa1e..1856c7ffd5 100644
--- a/tests/rest/client/v1/test_login.py
+++ b/tests/rest/client/v1/test_login.py
@@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ class LoginRestServletTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         self.assertEquals(channel.code, 200, channel.result)
 
 
-class CASRedirectConfirmTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
+class CASTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
 
     servlets = [
         login.register_servlets,
@@ -274,6 +274,9 @@ class CASRedirectConfirmTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
             "service_url": "https://matrix.goodserver.com:8448",
         }
 
+        cas_user_id = "username"
+        self.user_id = "@%s:test" % cas_user_id
+
         async def get_raw(uri, args):
             """Return an example response payload from a call to the `/proxyValidate`
             endpoint of a CAS server, copied from
@@ -282,10 +285,11 @@ class CASRedirectConfirmTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
             This needs to be returned by an async function (as opposed to set as the
             mock's return value) because the corresponding Synapse code awaits on it.
             """
-            return """
+            return (
+                """
                 <cas:serviceResponse xmlns:cas='http://www.yale.edu/tp/cas'>
                   <cas:authenticationSuccess>
-                      <cas:user>username</cas:user>
+                      <cas:user>%s</cas:user>
                       <cas:proxyGrantingTicket>PGTIOU-84678-8a9d...</cas:proxyGrantingTicket>
                       <cas:proxies>
                           <cas:proxy>https://proxy2/pgtUrl</cas:proxy>
@@ -294,6 +298,8 @@ class CASRedirectConfirmTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
                   </cas:authenticationSuccess>
                 </cas:serviceResponse>
             """
+                % cas_user_id
+            )
 
         mocked_http_client = Mock(spec=["get_raw"])
         mocked_http_client.get_raw.side_effect = get_raw
@@ -304,6 +310,9 @@ class CASRedirectConfirmTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
 
         return self.hs
 
+    def prepare(self, reactor, clock, hs):
+        self.deactivate_account_handler = hs.get_deactivate_account_handler()
+
     def test_cas_redirect_confirm(self):
         """Tests that the SSO login flow serves a confirmation page before redirecting a
         user to the redirect URL.
@@ -350,7 +359,14 @@ class CASRedirectConfirmTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
     def test_cas_redirect_whitelisted(self):
         """Tests that the SSO login flow serves a redirect to a whitelisted url
         """
-        redirect_url = "https://legit-site.com/"
+        self._test_redirect("https://legit-site.com/")
+
+    @override_config({"public_baseurl": "https://example.com"})
+    def test_cas_redirect_login_fallback(self):
+        self._test_redirect("https://example.com/_matrix/static/client/login")
+
+    def _test_redirect(self, redirect_url):
+        """Tests that the SSO login flow serves a redirect for the given redirect URL."""
         cas_ticket_url = (
             "/_matrix/client/r0/login/cas/ticket?redirectUrl=%s&ticket=ticket"
             % (urllib.parse.quote(redirect_url))
@@ -363,3 +379,30 @@ class CASRedirectConfirmTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         self.assertEqual(channel.code, 302)
         location_headers = channel.headers.getRawHeaders("Location")
         self.assertEqual(location_headers[0][: len(redirect_url)], redirect_url)
+
+    @override_config({"sso": {"client_whitelist": ["https://legit-site.com/"]}})
+    def test_deactivated_user(self):
+        """Logging in as a deactivated account should error."""
+        redirect_url = "https://legit-site.com/"
+
+        # First login (to create the user).
+        self._test_redirect(redirect_url)
+
+        # Deactivate the account.
+        self.get_success(
+            self.deactivate_account_handler.deactivate_account(self.user_id, False)
+        )
+
+        # Request the CAS ticket.
+        cas_ticket_url = (
+            "/_matrix/client/r0/login/cas/ticket?redirectUrl=%s&ticket=ticket"
+            % (urllib.parse.quote(redirect_url))
+        )
+
+        # Get Synapse to call the fake CAS and serve the template.
+        request, channel = self.make_request("GET", cas_ticket_url)
+        self.render(request)
+
+        # Because the user is deactivated they are served an error template.
+        self.assertEqual(channel.code, 403)
+        self.assertIn(b"SSO account deactivated", channel.result["body"])
diff --git a/tests/rest/client/v1/utils.py b/tests/rest/client/v1/utils.py
index 873d5ef99c..371637618d 100644
--- a/tests/rest/client/v1/utils.py
+++ b/tests/rest/client/v1/utils.py
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 
 import json
 import time
+from typing import Any, Dict, Optional
 
 import attr
 
@@ -142,7 +143,34 @@ class RestHelper(object):
 
         return channel.json_body
 
-    def send_state(self, room_id, event_type, body, tok, expect_code=200, state_key=""):
+    def _read_write_state(
+        self,
+        room_id: str,
+        event_type: str,
+        body: Optional[Dict[str, Any]],
+        tok: str,
+        expect_code: int = 200,
+        state_key: str = "",
+        method: str = "GET",
+    ) -> Dict:
+        """Read or write some state from a given room
+
+        Args:
+            room_id:
+            event_type: The type of state event
+            body: Body that is sent when making the request. The content of the state event.
+                If None, the request to the server will have an empty body
+            tok: The access token to use
+            expect_code: The HTTP code to expect in the response
+            state_key:
+            method: "GET" or "PUT" for reading or writing state, respectively
+
+        Returns:
+            The response body from the server
+
+        Raises:
+            AssertionError: if expect_code doesn't match the HTTP code we received
+        """
         path = "/_matrix/client/r0/rooms/%s/state/%s/%s" % (
             room_id,
             event_type,
@@ -151,9 +179,13 @@ class RestHelper(object):
         if tok:
             path = path + "?access_token=%s" % tok
 
-        request, channel = make_request(
-            self.hs.get_reactor(), "PUT", path, json.dumps(body).encode("utf8")
-        )
+        # Set request body if provided
+        content = b""
+        if body is not None:
+            content = json.dumps(body).encode("utf8")
+
+        request, channel = make_request(self.hs.get_reactor(), method, path, content)
+
         render(request, self.resource, self.hs.get_reactor())
 
         assert int(channel.result["code"]) == expect_code, (
@@ -163,6 +195,62 @@ class RestHelper(object):
 
         return channel.json_body
 
+    def get_state(
+        self,
+        room_id: str,
+        event_type: str,
+        tok: str,
+        expect_code: int = 200,
+        state_key: str = "",
+    ):
+        """Gets some state from a room
+
+        Args:
+            room_id:
+            event_type: The type of state event
+            tok: The access token to use
+            expect_code: The HTTP code to expect in the response
+            state_key:
+
+        Returns:
+            The response body from the server
+
+        Raises:
+            AssertionError: if expect_code doesn't match the HTTP code we received
+        """
+        return self._read_write_state(
+            room_id, event_type, None, tok, expect_code, state_key, method="GET"
+        )
+
+    def send_state(
+        self,
+        room_id: str,
+        event_type: str,
+        body: Dict[str, Any],
+        tok: str,
+        expect_code: int = 200,
+        state_key: str = "",
+    ):
+        """Set some state in a room
+
+        Args:
+            room_id:
+            event_type: The type of state event
+            body: Body that is sent when making the request. The content of the state event.
+            tok: The access token to use
+            expect_code: The HTTP code to expect in the response
+            state_key:
+
+        Returns:
+            The response body from the server
+
+        Raises:
+            AssertionError: if expect_code doesn't match the HTTP code we received
+        """
+        return self._read_write_state(
+            room_id, event_type, body, tok, expect_code, state_key, method="PUT"
+        )
+
     def upload_media(
         self,
         resource: Resource,
diff --git a/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_account.py b/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_account.py
index c3facc00eb..45a9d445f8 100644
--- a/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_account.py
+++ b/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_account.py
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ import pkg_resources
 
 import synapse.rest.admin
 from synapse.api.constants import LoginType, Membership
+from synapse.api.errors import Codes
 from synapse.rest.client.v1 import login, room
 from synapse.rest.client.v2_alpha import account, register
 
@@ -325,3 +326,304 @@ class DeactivateTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         )
         self.render(request)
         self.assertEqual(request.code, 200)
+
+
+class ThreepidEmailRestTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
+
+    servlets = [
+        account.register_servlets,
+        login.register_servlets,
+        synapse.rest.admin.register_servlets_for_client_rest_resource,
+    ]
+
+    def make_homeserver(self, reactor, clock):
+        config = self.default_config()
+
+        # Email config.
+        self.email_attempts = []
+
+        def sendmail(smtphost, from_addr, to_addrs, msg, **kwargs):
+            self.email_attempts.append(msg)
+
+        config["email"] = {
+            "enable_notifs": False,
+            "template_dir": os.path.abspath(
+                pkg_resources.resource_filename("synapse", "res/templates")
+            ),
+            "smtp_host": "127.0.0.1",
+            "smtp_port": 20,
+            "require_transport_security": False,
+            "smtp_user": None,
+            "smtp_pass": None,
+            "notif_from": "test@example.com",
+        }
+        config["public_baseurl"] = "https://example.com"
+
+        self.hs = self.setup_test_homeserver(config=config, sendmail=sendmail)
+        return self.hs
+
+    def prepare(self, reactor, clock, hs):
+        self.store = hs.get_datastore()
+
+        self.user_id = self.register_user("kermit", "test")
+        self.user_id_tok = self.login("kermit", "test")
+        self.email = "test@example.com"
+        self.url_3pid = b"account/3pid"
+
+    def test_add_email(self):
+        """Test adding an email to profile
+        """
+        client_secret = "foobar"
+        session_id = self._request_token(self.email, client_secret)
+
+        self.assertEquals(len(self.email_attempts), 1)
+        link = self._get_link_from_email()
+
+        self._validate_token(link)
+
+        request, channel = self.make_request(
+            "POST",
+            b"/_matrix/client/unstable/account/3pid/add",
+            {
+                "client_secret": client_secret,
+                "sid": session_id,
+                "auth": {
+                    "type": "m.login.password",
+                    "user": self.user_id,
+                    "password": "test",
+                },
+            },
+            access_token=self.user_id_tok,
+        )
+
+        self.render(request)
+        self.assertEqual(200, int(channel.result["code"]), msg=channel.result["body"])
+
+        # Get user
+        request, channel = self.make_request(
+            "GET", self.url_3pid, access_token=self.user_id_tok,
+        )
+        self.render(request)
+
+        self.assertEqual(200, int(channel.result["code"]), msg=channel.result["body"])
+        self.assertEqual("email", channel.json_body["threepids"][0]["medium"])
+        self.assertEqual(self.email, channel.json_body["threepids"][0]["address"])
+
+    def test_add_email_if_disabled(self):
+        """Test adding email to profile when doing so is disallowed
+        """
+        self.hs.config.enable_3pid_changes = False
+
+        client_secret = "foobar"
+        session_id = self._request_token(self.email, client_secret)
+
+        self.assertEquals(len(self.email_attempts), 1)
+        link = self._get_link_from_email()
+
+        self._validate_token(link)
+
+        request, channel = self.make_request(
+            "POST",
+            b"/_matrix/client/unstable/account/3pid/add",
+            {
+                "client_secret": client_secret,
+                "sid": session_id,
+                "auth": {
+                    "type": "m.login.password",
+                    "user": self.user_id,
+                    "password": "test",
+                },
+            },
+            access_token=self.user_id_tok,
+        )
+        self.render(request)
+        self.assertEqual(400, int(channel.result["code"]), msg=channel.result["body"])
+        self.assertEqual(Codes.FORBIDDEN, channel.json_body["errcode"])
+
+        # Get user
+        request, channel = self.make_request(
+            "GET", self.url_3pid, access_token=self.user_id_tok,
+        )
+        self.render(request)
+
+        self.assertEqual(200, int(channel.result["code"]), msg=channel.result["body"])
+        self.assertFalse(channel.json_body["threepids"])
+
+    def test_delete_email(self):
+        """Test deleting an email from profile
+        """
+        # Add a threepid
+        self.get_success(
+            self.store.user_add_threepid(
+                user_id=self.user_id,
+                medium="email",
+                address=self.email,
+                validated_at=0,
+                added_at=0,
+            )
+        )
+
+        request, channel = self.make_request(
+            "POST",
+            b"account/3pid/delete",
+            {"medium": "email", "address": self.email},
+            access_token=self.user_id_tok,
+        )
+        self.render(request)
+        self.assertEqual(200, int(channel.result["code"]), msg=channel.result["body"])
+
+        # Get user
+        request, channel = self.make_request(
+            "GET", self.url_3pid, access_token=self.user_id_tok,
+        )
+        self.render(request)
+
+        self.assertEqual(200, int(channel.result["code"]), msg=channel.result["body"])
+        self.assertFalse(channel.json_body["threepids"])
+
+    def test_delete_email_if_disabled(self):
+        """Test deleting an email from profile when disallowed
+        """
+        self.hs.config.enable_3pid_changes = False
+
+        # Add a threepid
+        self.get_success(
+            self.store.user_add_threepid(
+                user_id=self.user_id,
+                medium="email",
+                address=self.email,
+                validated_at=0,
+                added_at=0,
+            )
+        )
+
+        request, channel = self.make_request(
+            "POST",
+            b"account/3pid/delete",
+            {"medium": "email", "address": self.email},
+            access_token=self.user_id_tok,
+        )
+        self.render(request)
+
+        self.assertEqual(400, int(channel.result["code"]), msg=channel.result["body"])
+        self.assertEqual(Codes.FORBIDDEN, channel.json_body["errcode"])
+
+        # Get user
+        request, channel = self.make_request(
+            "GET", self.url_3pid, access_token=self.user_id_tok,
+        )
+        self.render(request)
+
+        self.assertEqual(200, int(channel.result["code"]), msg=channel.result["body"])
+        self.assertEqual("email", channel.json_body["threepids"][0]["medium"])
+        self.assertEqual(self.email, channel.json_body["threepids"][0]["address"])
+
+    def test_cant_add_email_without_clicking_link(self):
+        """Test that we do actually need to click the link in the email
+        """
+        client_secret = "foobar"
+        session_id = self._request_token(self.email, client_secret)
+
+        self.assertEquals(len(self.email_attempts), 1)
+
+        # Attempt to add email without clicking the link
+        request, channel = self.make_request(
+            "POST",
+            b"/_matrix/client/unstable/account/3pid/add",
+            {
+                "client_secret": client_secret,
+                "sid": session_id,
+                "auth": {
+                    "type": "m.login.password",
+                    "user": self.user_id,
+                    "password": "test",
+                },
+            },
+            access_token=self.user_id_tok,
+        )
+        self.render(request)
+        self.assertEqual(400, int(channel.result["code"]), msg=channel.result["body"])
+        self.assertEqual(Codes.THREEPID_AUTH_FAILED, channel.json_body["errcode"])
+
+        # Get user
+        request, channel = self.make_request(
+            "GET", self.url_3pid, access_token=self.user_id_tok,
+        )
+        self.render(request)
+
+        self.assertEqual(200, int(channel.result["code"]), msg=channel.result["body"])
+        self.assertFalse(channel.json_body["threepids"])
+
+    def test_no_valid_token(self):
+        """Test that we do actually need to request a token and can't just
+        make a session up.
+        """
+        client_secret = "foobar"
+        session_id = "weasle"
+
+        # Attempt to add email without even requesting an email
+        request, channel = self.make_request(
+            "POST",
+            b"/_matrix/client/unstable/account/3pid/add",
+            {
+                "client_secret": client_secret,
+                "sid": session_id,
+                "auth": {
+                    "type": "m.login.password",
+                    "user": self.user_id,
+                    "password": "test",
+                },
+            },
+            access_token=self.user_id_tok,
+        )
+        self.render(request)
+        self.assertEqual(400, int(channel.result["code"]), msg=channel.result["body"])
+        self.assertEqual(Codes.THREEPID_AUTH_FAILED, channel.json_body["errcode"])
+
+        # Get user
+        request, channel = self.make_request(
+            "GET", self.url_3pid, access_token=self.user_id_tok,
+        )
+        self.render(request)
+
+        self.assertEqual(200, int(channel.result["code"]), msg=channel.result["body"])
+        self.assertFalse(channel.json_body["threepids"])
+
+    def _request_token(self, email, client_secret):
+        request, channel = self.make_request(
+            "POST",
+            b"account/3pid/email/requestToken",
+            {"client_secret": client_secret, "email": email, "send_attempt": 1},
+        )
+        self.render(request)
+        self.assertEquals(200, channel.code, channel.result)
+
+        return channel.json_body["sid"]
+
+    def _validate_token(self, link):
+        # Remove the host
+        path = link.replace("https://example.com", "")
+
+        request, channel = self.make_request("GET", path, shorthand=False)
+        self.render(request)
+        self.assertEquals(200, channel.code, channel.result)
+
+    def _get_link_from_email(self):
+        assert self.email_attempts, "No emails have been sent"
+
+        raw_msg = self.email_attempts[-1].decode("UTF-8")
+        mail = Parser().parsestr(raw_msg)
+
+        text = None
+        for part in mail.walk():
+            if part.get_content_type() == "text/plain":
+                text = part.get_payload(decode=True).decode("UTF-8")
+                break
+
+        if not text:
+            self.fail("Could not find text portion of email to parse")
+
+        match = re.search(r"https://example.com\S+", text)
+        assert match, "Could not find link in email"
+
+        return match.group(0)
diff --git a/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_auth.py b/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_auth.py
index b6df1396ad..624bf5ada2 100644
--- a/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_auth.py
+++ b/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_auth.py
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ class FallbackAuthTests(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         )
         self.render(request)
 
-        # Now we should have fufilled a complete auth flow, including
+        # Now we should have fulfilled a complete auth flow, including
         # the recaptcha fallback step, we can then send a
         # request to the register API with the session in the authdict.
         request, channel = self.make_request(
@@ -115,3 +115,69 @@ class FallbackAuthTests(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
 
         # We're given a registered user.
         self.assertEqual(channel.json_body["user_id"], "@user:test")
+
+    def test_cannot_change_operation(self):
+        """
+        The initial requested operation cannot be modified during the user interactive authentication session.
+        """
+
+        # Make the initial request to register. (Later on a different password
+        # will be used.)
+        request, channel = self.make_request(
+            "POST",
+            "register",
+            {"username": "user", "type": "m.login.password", "password": "bar"},
+        )
+        self.render(request)
+
+        # Returns a 401 as per the spec
+        self.assertEqual(request.code, 401)
+        # Grab the session
+        session = channel.json_body["session"]
+        # Assert our configured public key is being given
+        self.assertEqual(
+            channel.json_body["params"]["m.login.recaptcha"]["public_key"], "brokencake"
+        )
+
+        request, channel = self.make_request(
+            "GET", "auth/m.login.recaptcha/fallback/web?session=" + session
+        )
+        self.render(request)
+        self.assertEqual(request.code, 200)
+
+        request, channel = self.make_request(
+            "POST",
+            "auth/m.login.recaptcha/fallback/web?session="
+            + session
+            + "&g-recaptcha-response=a",
+        )
+        self.render(request)
+        self.assertEqual(request.code, 200)
+
+        # The recaptcha handler is called with the response given
+        attempts = self.recaptcha_checker.recaptcha_attempts
+        self.assertEqual(len(attempts), 1)
+        self.assertEqual(attempts[0][0]["response"], "a")
+
+        # also complete the dummy auth
+        request, channel = self.make_request(
+            "POST", "register", {"auth": {"session": session, "type": "m.login.dummy"}}
+        )
+        self.render(request)
+
+        # Now we should have fulfilled a complete auth flow, including
+        # the recaptcha fallback step. Make the initial request again, but
+        # with a different password. This causes the request to fail since the
+        # operaiton was modified during the ui auth session.
+        request, channel = self.make_request(
+            "POST",
+            "register",
+            {
+                "username": "user",
+                "type": "m.login.password",
+                "password": "foo",  # Note this doesn't match the original request.
+                "auth": {"session": session},
+            },
+        )
+        self.render(request)
+        self.assertEqual(channel.code, 403)
diff --git a/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_password_policy.py b/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_password_policy.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c57072f50c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_password_policy.py
@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+import json
+
+from synapse.api.constants import LoginType
+from synapse.api.errors import Codes
+from synapse.rest import admin
+from synapse.rest.client.v1 import login
+from synapse.rest.client.v2_alpha import account, password_policy, register
+
+from tests import unittest
+
+
+class PasswordPolicyTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
+    """Tests the password policy feature and its compliance with MSC2000.
+
+    When validating a password, Synapse does the necessary checks in this order:
+
+        1. Password is long enough
+        2. Password contains digit(s)
+        3. Password contains symbol(s)
+        4. Password contains uppercase letter(s)
+        5. Password contains lowercase letter(s)
+
+    For each test below that checks whether a password triggers the right error code,
+    that test provides a password good enough to pass the previous tests, but not the
+    one it is currently testing (nor any test that comes afterward).
+    """
+
+    servlets = [
+        admin.register_servlets_for_client_rest_resource,
+        login.register_servlets,
+        register.register_servlets,
+        password_policy.register_servlets,
+        account.register_servlets,
+    ]
+
+    def make_homeserver(self, reactor, clock):
+        self.register_url = "/_matrix/client/r0/register"
+        self.policy = {
+            "enabled": True,
+            "minimum_length": 10,
+            "require_digit": True,
+            "require_symbol": True,
+            "require_lowercase": True,
+            "require_uppercase": True,
+        }
+
+        config = self.default_config()
+        config["password_config"] = {
+            "policy": self.policy,
+        }
+
+        hs = self.setup_test_homeserver(config=config)
+        return hs
+
+    def test_get_policy(self):
+        """Tests if the /password_policy endpoint returns the configured policy."""
+
+        request, channel = self.make_request(
+            "GET", "/_matrix/client/r0/password_policy"
+        )
+        self.render(request)
+
+        self.assertEqual(channel.code, 200, channel.result)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            channel.json_body,
+            {
+                "m.minimum_length": 10,
+                "m.require_digit": True,
+                "m.require_symbol": True,
+                "m.require_lowercase": True,
+                "m.require_uppercase": True,
+            },
+            channel.result,
+        )
+
+    def test_password_too_short(self):
+        request_data = json.dumps({"username": "kermit", "password": "shorty"})
+        request, channel = self.make_request("POST", self.register_url, request_data)
+        self.render(request)
+
+        self.assertEqual(channel.code, 400, channel.result)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            channel.json_body["errcode"], Codes.PASSWORD_TOO_SHORT, channel.result,
+        )
+
+    def test_password_no_digit(self):
+        request_data = json.dumps({"username": "kermit", "password": "longerpassword"})
+        request, channel = self.make_request("POST", self.register_url, request_data)
+        self.render(request)
+
+        self.assertEqual(channel.code, 400, channel.result)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            channel.json_body["errcode"], Codes.PASSWORD_NO_DIGIT, channel.result,
+        )
+
+    def test_password_no_symbol(self):
+        request_data = json.dumps({"username": "kermit", "password": "l0ngerpassword"})
+        request, channel = self.make_request("POST", self.register_url, request_data)
+        self.render(request)
+
+        self.assertEqual(channel.code, 400, channel.result)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            channel.json_body["errcode"], Codes.PASSWORD_NO_SYMBOL, channel.result,
+        )
+
+    def test_password_no_uppercase(self):
+        request_data = json.dumps({"username": "kermit", "password": "l0ngerpassword!"})
+        request, channel = self.make_request("POST", self.register_url, request_data)
+        self.render(request)
+
+        self.assertEqual(channel.code, 400, channel.result)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            channel.json_body["errcode"], Codes.PASSWORD_NO_UPPERCASE, channel.result,
+        )
+
+    def test_password_no_lowercase(self):
+        request_data = json.dumps({"username": "kermit", "password": "L0NGERPASSWORD!"})
+        request, channel = self.make_request("POST", self.register_url, request_data)
+        self.render(request)
+
+        self.assertEqual(channel.code, 400, channel.result)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            channel.json_body["errcode"], Codes.PASSWORD_NO_LOWERCASE, channel.result,
+        )
+
+    def test_password_compliant(self):
+        request_data = json.dumps({"username": "kermit", "password": "L0ngerpassword!"})
+        request, channel = self.make_request("POST", self.register_url, request_data)
+        self.render(request)
+
+        # Getting a 401 here means the password has passed validation and the server has
+        # responded with a list of registration flows.
+        self.assertEqual(channel.code, 401, channel.result)
+
+    def test_password_change(self):
+        """This doesn't test every possible use case, only that hitting /account/password
+        triggers the password validation code.
+        """
+        compliant_password = "C0mpl!antpassword"
+        not_compliant_password = "notcompliantpassword"
+
+        user_id = self.register_user("kermit", compliant_password)
+        tok = self.login("kermit", compliant_password)
+
+        request_data = json.dumps(
+            {
+                "new_password": not_compliant_password,
+                "auth": {
+                    "password": compliant_password,
+                    "type": LoginType.PASSWORD,
+                    "user": user_id,
+                },
+            }
+        )
+        request, channel = self.make_request(
+            "POST",
+            "/_matrix/client/r0/account/password",
+            request_data,
+            access_token=tok,
+        )
+        self.render(request)
+
+        self.assertEqual(channel.code, 400, channel.result)
+        self.assertEqual(channel.json_body["errcode"], Codes.PASSWORD_NO_DIGIT)
diff --git a/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_register.py b/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_register.py
index d0c997e385..b6ed06e02d 100644
--- a/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_register.py
+++ b/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_register.py
@@ -36,8 +36,8 @@ class RegisterRestServletTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
     servlets = [register.register_servlets]
     url = b"/_matrix/client/r0/register"
 
-    def default_config(self, name="test"):
-        config = super().default_config(name)
+    def default_config(self):
+        config = super().default_config()
         config["allow_guest_access"] = True
         return config
 
diff --git a/tests/rest/key/v2/test_remote_key_resource.py b/tests/rest/key/v2/test_remote_key_resource.py
index 6776a56cad..99eb477149 100644
--- a/tests/rest/key/v2/test_remote_key_resource.py
+++ b/tests/rest/key/v2/test_remote_key_resource.py
@@ -143,8 +143,8 @@ class EndToEndPerspectivesTests(BaseRemoteKeyResourceTestCase):
     endpoint, to check that the two implementations are compatible.
     """
 
-    def default_config(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        config = super().default_config(*args, **kwargs)
+    def default_config(self):
+        config = super().default_config()
 
         # replace the signing key with our own
         self.hs_signing_key = signedjson.key.generate_signing_key("kssk")
diff --git a/tests/rest/media/v1/test_url_preview.py b/tests/rest/media/v1/test_url_preview.py
index 852b8ab11c..2826211f32 100644
--- a/tests/rest/media/v1/test_url_preview.py
+++ b/tests/rest/media/v1/test_url_preview.py
@@ -74,6 +74,12 @@ class URLPreviewTests(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         )
         config["url_preview_ip_range_whitelist"] = ("1.1.1.1",)
         config["url_preview_url_blacklist"] = []
+        config["url_preview_accept_language"] = [
+            "en-UK",
+            "en-US;q=0.9",
+            "fr;q=0.8",
+            "*;q=0.7",
+        ]
 
         self.storage_path = self.mktemp()
         self.media_store_path = self.mktemp()
@@ -507,3 +513,52 @@ class URLPreviewTests(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         self.pump()
         self.assertEqual(channel.code, 200)
         self.assertEqual(channel.json_body, {})
+
+    def test_accept_language_config_option(self):
+        """
+        Accept-Language header is sent to the remote server
+        """
+        self.lookups["example.com"] = [(IPv4Address, "8.8.8.8")]
+
+        # Build and make a request to the server
+        request, channel = self.make_request(
+            "GET", "url_preview?url=http://example.com", shorthand=False
+        )
+        request.render(self.preview_url)
+        self.pump()
+
+        # Extract Synapse's tcp client
+        client = self.reactor.tcpClients[0][2].buildProtocol(None)
+
+        # Build a fake remote server to reply with
+        server = AccumulatingProtocol()
+
+        # Connect the two together
+        server.makeConnection(FakeTransport(client, self.reactor))
+        client.makeConnection(FakeTransport(server, self.reactor))
+
+        # Tell Synapse that it has received some data from the remote server
+        client.dataReceived(
+            b"HTTP/1.0 200 OK\r\nContent-Length: %d\r\nContent-Type: text/html\r\n\r\n"
+            % (len(self.end_content),)
+            + self.end_content
+        )
+
+        # Move the reactor along until we get a response on our original channel
+        self.pump()
+        self.assertEqual(channel.code, 200)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            channel.json_body, {"og:title": "~matrix~", "og:description": "hi"}
+        )
+
+        # Check that the server received the Accept-Language header as part
+        # of the request from Synapse
+        self.assertIn(
+            (
+                b"Accept-Language: en-UK\r\n"
+                b"Accept-Language: en-US;q=0.9\r\n"
+                b"Accept-Language: fr;q=0.8\r\n"
+                b"Accept-Language: *;q=0.7"
+            ),
+            server.data,
+        )
diff --git a/tests/server_notices/test_resource_limits_server_notices.py b/tests/server_notices/test_resource_limits_server_notices.py
index eb540e34f6..93eb053b8c 100644
--- a/tests/server_notices/test_resource_limits_server_notices.py
+++ b/tests/server_notices/test_resource_limits_server_notices.py
@@ -19,6 +19,9 @@ from twisted.internet import defer
 
 from synapse.api.constants import EventTypes, LimitBlockingTypes, ServerNoticeMsgType
 from synapse.api.errors import ResourceLimitError
+from synapse.rest import admin
+from synapse.rest.client.v1 import login, room
+from synapse.rest.client.v2_alpha import sync
 from synapse.server_notices.resource_limits_server_notices import (
     ResourceLimitsServerNotices,
 )
@@ -28,7 +31,7 @@ from tests import unittest
 
 class TestResourceLimitsServerNotices(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
     def make_homeserver(self, reactor, clock):
-        hs_config = self.default_config("test")
+        hs_config = self.default_config()
         hs_config["server_notices"] = {
             "system_mxid_localpart": "server",
             "system_mxid_display_name": "test display name",
@@ -67,7 +70,7 @@ class TestResourceLimitsServerNotices(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         # self.server_notices_mxid_avatar_url = None
         # self.server_notices_room_name = "Server Notices"
 
-        self._rlsn._server_notices_manager.get_notice_room_for_user = Mock(
+        self._rlsn._server_notices_manager.get_or_create_notice_room_for_user = Mock(
             returnValue=""
         )
         self._rlsn._store.add_tag_to_room = Mock()
@@ -215,6 +218,26 @@ class TestResourceLimitsServerNotices(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
 
 
 class TestResourceLimitsServerNoticesWithRealRooms(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
+    servlets = [
+        admin.register_servlets,
+        login.register_servlets,
+        room.register_servlets,
+        sync.register_servlets,
+    ]
+
+    def default_config(self):
+        c = super().default_config()
+        c["server_notices"] = {
+            "system_mxid_localpart": "server",
+            "system_mxid_display_name": None,
+            "system_mxid_avatar_url": None,
+            "room_name": "Test Server Notice Room",
+        }
+        c["limit_usage_by_mau"] = True
+        c["max_mau_value"] = 5
+        c["admin_contact"] = "mailto:user@test.com"
+        return c
+
     def prepare(self, reactor, clock, hs):
         self.store = self.hs.get_datastore()
         self.server_notices_sender = self.hs.get_server_notices_sender()
@@ -228,18 +251,8 @@ class TestResourceLimitsServerNoticesWithRealRooms(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         if not isinstance(self._rlsn, ResourceLimitsServerNotices):
             raise Exception("Failed to find reference to ResourceLimitsServerNotices")
 
-        self.hs.config.limit_usage_by_mau = True
-        self.hs.config.hs_disabled = False
-        self.hs.config.max_mau_value = 5
-        self.hs.config.server_notices_mxid = "@server:test"
-        self.hs.config.server_notices_mxid_display_name = None
-        self.hs.config.server_notices_mxid_avatar_url = None
-        self.hs.config.server_notices_room_name = "Test Server Notice Room"
-
         self.user_id = "@user_id:test"
 
-        self.hs.config.admin_contact = "mailto:user@test.com"
-
     def test_server_notice_only_sent_once(self):
         self.store.get_monthly_active_count = Mock(return_value=1000)
 
@@ -253,7 +266,7 @@ class TestResourceLimitsServerNoticesWithRealRooms(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         # Now lets get the last load of messages in the service notice room and
         # check that there is only one server notice
         room_id = self.get_success(
-            self.server_notices_manager.get_notice_room_for_user(self.user_id)
+            self.server_notices_manager.get_or_create_notice_room_for_user(self.user_id)
         )
 
         token = self.get_success(self.event_source.get_current_token())
@@ -273,3 +286,86 @@ class TestResourceLimitsServerNoticesWithRealRooms(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
             count += 1
 
         self.assertEqual(count, 1)
+
+    def test_no_invite_without_notice(self):
+        """Tests that a user doesn't get invited to a server notices room without a
+        server notice being sent.
+
+        The scenario for this test is a single user on a server where the MAU limit
+        hasn't been reached (since it's the only user and the limit is 5), so users
+        shouldn't receive a server notice.
+        """
+        self.register_user("user", "password")
+        tok = self.login("user", "password")
+
+        request, channel = self.make_request("GET", "/sync?timeout=0", access_token=tok)
+        self.render(request)
+
+        invites = channel.json_body["rooms"]["invite"]
+        self.assertEqual(len(invites), 0, invites)
+
+    def test_invite_with_notice(self):
+        """Tests that, if the MAU limit is hit, the server notices user invites each user
+        to a room in which it has sent a notice.
+        """
+        user_id, tok, room_id = self._trigger_notice_and_join()
+
+        # Sync again to retrieve the events in the room, so we can check whether this
+        # room has a notice in it.
+        request, channel = self.make_request("GET", "/sync?timeout=0", access_token=tok)
+        self.render(request)
+
+        # Scan the events in the room to search for a message from the server notices
+        # user.
+        events = channel.json_body["rooms"]["join"][room_id]["timeline"]["events"]
+        notice_in_room = False
+        for event in events:
+            if (
+                event["type"] == EventTypes.Message
+                and event["sender"] == self.hs.config.server_notices_mxid
+            ):
+                notice_in_room = True
+
+        self.assertTrue(notice_in_room, "No server notice in room")
+
+    def _trigger_notice_and_join(self):
+        """Creates enough active users to hit the MAU limit and trigger a system notice
+        about it, then joins the system notices room with one of the users created.
+
+        Returns:
+            user_id (str): The ID of the user that joined the room.
+            tok (str): The access token of the user that joined the room.
+            room_id (str): The ID of the room that's been joined.
+        """
+        user_id = None
+        tok = None
+        invites = []
+
+        # Register as many users as the MAU limit allows.
+        for i in range(self.hs.config.max_mau_value):
+            localpart = "user%d" % i
+            user_id = self.register_user(localpart, "password")
+            tok = self.login(localpart, "password")
+
+            # Sync with the user's token to mark the user as active.
+            request, channel = self.make_request(
+                "GET", "/sync?timeout=0", access_token=tok,
+            )
+            self.render(request)
+
+            # Also retrieves the list of invites for this user. We don't care about that
+            # one except if we're processing the last user, which should have received an
+            # invite to a room with a server notice about the MAU limit being reached.
+            # We could also pick another user and sync with it, which would return an
+            # invite to a system notices room, but it doesn't matter which user we're
+            # using so we use the last one because it saves us an extra sync.
+            invites = channel.json_body["rooms"]["invite"]
+
+        # Make sure we have an invite to process.
+        self.assertEqual(len(invites), 1, invites)
+
+        # Join the room.
+        room_id = list(invites.keys())[0]
+        self.helper.join(room=room_id, user=user_id, tok=tok)
+
+        return user_id, tok, room_id
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_background_update.py b/tests/storage/test_background_update.py
index ae14fb407d..940b166129 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_background_update.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_background_update.py
@@ -11,7 +11,9 @@ class BackgroundUpdateTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
     def prepare(self, reactor, clock, homeserver):
         self.updates = self.hs.get_datastore().db.updates  # type: BackgroundUpdater
         # the base test class should have run the real bg updates for us
-        self.assertTrue(self.updates.has_completed_background_updates())
+        self.assertTrue(
+            self.get_success(self.updates.has_completed_background_updates())
+        )
 
         self.update_handler = Mock()
         self.updates.register_background_update_handler(
@@ -25,12 +27,20 @@ class BackgroundUpdateTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         # the target runtime for each bg update
         target_background_update_duration_ms = 50000
 
+        store = self.hs.get_datastore()
+        self.get_success(
+            store.db.simple_insert(
+                "background_updates",
+                values={"update_name": "test_update", "progress_json": '{"my_key": 1}'},
+            )
+        )
+
         # first step: make a bit of progress
         @defer.inlineCallbacks
         def update(progress, count):
             yield self.clock.sleep((count * duration_ms) / 1000)
             progress = {"my_key": progress["my_key"] + 1}
-            yield self.hs.get_datastore().db.runInteraction(
+            yield store.db.runInteraction(
                 "update_progress",
                 self.updates._background_update_progress_txn,
                 "test_update",
@@ -39,10 +49,6 @@ class BackgroundUpdateTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
             return count
 
         self.update_handler.side_effect = update
-
-        self.get_success(
-            self.updates.start_background_update("test_update", {"my_key": 1})
-        )
         self.update_handler.reset_mock()
         res = self.get_success(
             self.updates.do_next_background_update(
@@ -50,7 +56,7 @@ class BackgroundUpdateTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
             ),
             by=0.1,
         )
-        self.assertIsNotNone(res)
+        self.assertFalse(res)
 
         # on the first call, we should get run with the default background update size
         self.update_handler.assert_called_once_with(
@@ -73,7 +79,7 @@ class BackgroundUpdateTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         result = self.get_success(
             self.updates.do_next_background_update(target_background_update_duration_ms)
         )
-        self.assertIsNotNone(result)
+        self.assertFalse(result)
         self.update_handler.assert_called_once()
 
         # third step: we don't expect to be called any more
@@ -81,5 +87,5 @@ class BackgroundUpdateTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         result = self.get_success(
             self.updates.do_next_background_update(target_background_update_duration_ms)
         )
-        self.assertIsNone(result)
+        self.assertTrue(result)
         self.assertFalse(self.update_handler.called)
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_database.py b/tests/storage/test_database.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5a77c84962
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/storage/test_database.py
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+from synapse.storage.database import make_tuple_comparison_clause
+from synapse.storage.engines import BaseDatabaseEngine
+
+from tests import unittest
+
+
+def _stub_db_engine(**kwargs) -> BaseDatabaseEngine:
+    # returns a DatabaseEngine, circumventing the abc mechanism
+    # any kwargs are set as attributes on the class before instantiating it
+    t = type(
+        "TestBaseDatabaseEngine",
+        (BaseDatabaseEngine,),
+        dict(BaseDatabaseEngine.__dict__),
+    )
+    # defeat the abc mechanism
+    t.__abstractmethods__ = set()
+    for k, v in kwargs.items():
+        setattr(t, k, v)
+    return t(None, None)
+
+
+class TupleComparisonClauseTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_native_tuple_comparison(self):
+        db_engine = _stub_db_engine(supports_tuple_comparison=True)
+        clause, args = make_tuple_comparison_clause(db_engine, [("a", 1), ("b", 2)])
+        self.assertEqual(clause, "(a,b) > (?,?)")
+        self.assertEqual(args, [1, 2])
+
+    def test_emulated_tuple_comparison(self):
+        db_engine = _stub_db_engine(supports_tuple_comparison=False)
+        clause, args = make_tuple_comparison_clause(
+            db_engine, [("a", 1), ("b", 2), ("c", 3)]
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(
+            clause, "(a >= ? AND (a > ? OR (b >= ? AND (b > ? OR c > ?))))"
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(args, [1, 1, 2, 2, 3])
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_devices.py b/tests/storage/test_devices.py
index 6f8d990959..c2539b353a 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_devices.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_devices.py
@@ -88,51 +88,6 @@ class DeviceStoreTestCase(tests.unittest.TestCase):
         # Check original device_ids are contained within these updates
         self._check_devices_in_updates(device_ids, device_updates)
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def test_get_device_updates_by_remote_limited(self):
-        # Test breaking the update limit in 1, 101, and 1 device_id segments
-
-        # first add one device
-        device_ids1 = ["device_id0"]
-        yield self.store.add_device_change_to_streams(
-            "user_id", device_ids1, ["someotherhost"]
-        )
-
-        # then add 101
-        device_ids2 = ["device_id" + str(i + 1) for i in range(101)]
-        yield self.store.add_device_change_to_streams(
-            "user_id", device_ids2, ["someotherhost"]
-        )
-
-        # then one more
-        device_ids3 = ["newdevice"]
-        yield self.store.add_device_change_to_streams(
-            "user_id", device_ids3, ["someotherhost"]
-        )
-
-        #
-        # now read them back.
-        #
-
-        # first we should get a single update
-        now_stream_id, device_updates = yield self.store.get_device_updates_by_remote(
-            "someotherhost", -1, limit=100
-        )
-        self._check_devices_in_updates(device_ids1, device_updates)
-
-        # Then we should get an empty list back as the 101 devices broke the limit
-        now_stream_id, device_updates = yield self.store.get_device_updates_by_remote(
-            "someotherhost", now_stream_id, limit=100
-        )
-        self.assertEqual(len(device_updates), 0)
-
-        # The 101 devices should've been cleared, so we should now just get one device
-        # update
-        now_stream_id, device_updates = yield self.store.get_device_updates_by_remote(
-            "someotherhost", now_stream_id, limit=100
-        )
-        self._check_devices_in_updates(device_ids3, device_updates)
-
     def _check_devices_in_updates(self, expected_device_ids, device_updates):
         """Check that an specific device ids exist in a list of device update EDUs"""
         self.assertEqual(len(device_updates), len(expected_device_ids))
diff --git a/tests/test_terms_auth.py b/tests/test_terms_auth.py
index 5ec5d2b358..5c2817cf28 100644
--- a/tests/test_terms_auth.py
+++ b/tests/test_terms_auth.py
@@ -28,8 +28,8 @@ from tests import unittest
 class TermsTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
     servlets = [register_servlets]
 
-    def default_config(self, name="test"):
-        config = super().default_config(name)
+    def default_config(self):
+        config = super().default_config()
         config.update(
             {
                 "public_baseurl": "https://example.org/",
@@ -53,7 +53,8 @@ class TermsTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
 
     def test_ui_auth(self):
         # Do a UI auth request
-        request, channel = self.make_request(b"POST", self.url, b"{}")
+        request_data = json.dumps({"username": "kermit", "password": "monkey"})
+        request, channel = self.make_request(b"POST", self.url, request_data)
         self.render(request)
 
         self.assertEquals(channel.result["code"], b"401", channel.result)
diff --git a/tests/unittest.py b/tests/unittest.py
index 8816a4d152..27af5228fe 100644
--- a/tests/unittest.py
+++ b/tests/unittest.py
@@ -38,7 +38,12 @@ from synapse.config.ratelimiting import FederationRateLimitConfig
 from synapse.federation.transport import server as federation_server
 from synapse.http.server import JsonResource
 from synapse.http.site import SynapseRequest, SynapseSite
-from synapse.logging.context import LoggingContext
+from synapse.logging.context import (
+    SENTINEL_CONTEXT,
+    LoggingContext,
+    current_context,
+    set_current_context,
+)
 from synapse.server import HomeServer
 from synapse.types import Requester, UserID, create_requester
 from synapse.util.ratelimitutils import FederationRateLimiter
@@ -97,10 +102,10 @@ class TestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         def setUp(orig):
             # if we're not starting in the sentinel logcontext, then to be honest
             # all future bets are off.
-            if LoggingContext.current_context() is not LoggingContext.sentinel:
+            if current_context():
                 self.fail(
                     "Test starting with non-sentinel logging context %s"
-                    % (LoggingContext.current_context(),)
+                    % (current_context(),)
                 )
 
             old_level = logging.getLogger().level
@@ -122,7 +127,7 @@ class TestCase(unittest.TestCase):
             # force a GC to workaround problems with deferreds leaking logcontexts when
             # they are GCed (see the logcontext docs)
             gc.collect()
-            LoggingContext.set_current_context(LoggingContext.sentinel)
+            set_current_context(SENTINEL_CONTEXT)
 
             return ret
 
@@ -311,14 +316,11 @@ class HomeserverTestCase(TestCase):
 
         return resource
 
-    def default_config(self, name="test"):
+    def default_config(self):
         """
         Get a default HomeServer config dict.
-
-        Args:
-            name (str): The homeserver name/domain.
         """
-        config = default_config(name)
+        config = default_config("test")
 
         # apply any additional config which was specified via the override_config
         # decorator.
@@ -418,15 +420,17 @@ class HomeserverTestCase(TestCase):
         config_obj.parse_config_dict(config, "", "")
         kwargs["config"] = config_obj
 
+        async def run_bg_updates():
+            with LoggingContext("run_bg_updates", request="run_bg_updates-1"):
+                while not await stor.db.updates.has_completed_background_updates():
+                    await stor.db.updates.do_next_background_update(1)
+
         hs = setup_test_homeserver(self.addCleanup, *args, **kwargs)
         stor = hs.get_datastore()
 
         # Run the database background updates, when running against "master".
         if hs.__class__.__name__ == "TestHomeServer":
-            while not self.get_success(
-                stor.db.updates.has_completed_background_updates()
-            ):
-                self.get_success(stor.db.updates.do_next_background_update(1))
+            self.get_success(run_bg_updates())
 
         return hs
 
@@ -493,6 +497,7 @@ class HomeserverTestCase(TestCase):
                 "password": password,
                 "admin": admin,
                 "mac": want_mac,
+                "inhibit_login": True,
             }
         )
         request, channel = self.make_request(
diff --git a/tests/util/caches/test_descriptors.py b/tests/util/caches/test_descriptors.py
index 39e360fe24..4d2b9e0d64 100644
--- a/tests/util/caches/test_descriptors.py
+++ b/tests/util/caches/test_descriptors.py
@@ -22,8 +22,10 @@ from twisted.internet import defer, reactor
 
 from synapse.api.errors import SynapseError
 from synapse.logging.context import (
+    SENTINEL_CONTEXT,
     LoggingContext,
     PreserveLoggingContext,
+    current_context,
     make_deferred_yieldable,
 )
 from synapse.util.caches import descriptors
@@ -194,7 +196,7 @@ class DescriptorTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
             with LoggingContext() as c1:
                 c1.name = "c1"
                 r = yield obj.fn(1)
-                self.assertEqual(LoggingContext.current_context(), c1)
+                self.assertEqual(current_context(), c1)
             return r
 
         def check_result(r):
@@ -204,12 +206,12 @@ class DescriptorTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
         # set off a deferred which will do a cache lookup
         d1 = do_lookup()
-        self.assertEqual(LoggingContext.current_context(), LoggingContext.sentinel)
+        self.assertEqual(current_context(), SENTINEL_CONTEXT)
         d1.addCallback(check_result)
 
         # and another
         d2 = do_lookup()
-        self.assertEqual(LoggingContext.current_context(), LoggingContext.sentinel)
+        self.assertEqual(current_context(), SENTINEL_CONTEXT)
         d2.addCallback(check_result)
 
         # let the lookup complete
@@ -239,14 +241,14 @@ class DescriptorTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
                 try:
                     d = obj.fn(1)
                     self.assertEqual(
-                        LoggingContext.current_context(), LoggingContext.sentinel
+                        current_context(), SENTINEL_CONTEXT,
                     )
                     yield d
                     self.fail("No exception thrown")
                 except SynapseError:
                     pass
 
-                self.assertEqual(LoggingContext.current_context(), c1)
+                self.assertEqual(current_context(), c1)
 
             # the cache should now be empty
             self.assertEqual(len(obj.fn.cache.cache), 0)
@@ -255,7 +257,7 @@ class DescriptorTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
         # set off a deferred which will do a cache lookup
         d1 = do_lookup()
-        self.assertEqual(LoggingContext.current_context(), LoggingContext.sentinel)
+        self.assertEqual(current_context(), SENTINEL_CONTEXT)
 
         return d1
 
@@ -366,10 +368,10 @@ class CachedListDescriptorTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
             @descriptors.cachedList("fn", "args1", inlineCallbacks=True)
             def list_fn(self, args1, arg2):
-                assert LoggingContext.current_context().request == "c1"
+                assert current_context().request == "c1"
                 # we want this to behave like an asynchronous function
                 yield run_on_reactor()
-                assert LoggingContext.current_context().request == "c1"
+                assert current_context().request == "c1"
                 return self.mock(args1, arg2)
 
         with LoggingContext() as c1:
@@ -377,9 +379,9 @@ class CachedListDescriptorTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
             obj = Cls()
             obj.mock.return_value = {10: "fish", 20: "chips"}
             d1 = obj.list_fn([10, 20], 2)
-            self.assertEqual(LoggingContext.current_context(), LoggingContext.sentinel)
+            self.assertEqual(current_context(), SENTINEL_CONTEXT)
             r = yield d1
-            self.assertEqual(LoggingContext.current_context(), c1)
+            self.assertEqual(current_context(), c1)
             obj.mock.assert_called_once_with([10, 20], 2)
             self.assertEqual(r, {10: "fish", 20: "chips"})
             obj.mock.reset_mock()
diff --git a/tests/util/test_async_utils.py b/tests/util/test_async_utils.py
index f60918069a..17fd86d02d 100644
--- a/tests/util/test_async_utils.py
+++ b/tests/util/test_async_utils.py
@@ -16,7 +16,12 @@ from twisted.internet import defer
 from twisted.internet.defer import CancelledError, Deferred
 from twisted.internet.task import Clock
 
-from synapse.logging.context import LoggingContext, PreserveLoggingContext
+from synapse.logging.context import (
+    SENTINEL_CONTEXT,
+    LoggingContext,
+    PreserveLoggingContext,
+    current_context,
+)
 from synapse.util.async_helpers import timeout_deferred
 
 from tests.unittest import TestCase
@@ -79,10 +84,10 @@ class TimeoutDeferredTest(TestCase):
             # the errbacks should be run in the test logcontext
             def errback(res, deferred_name):
                 self.assertIs(
-                    LoggingContext.current_context(),
+                    current_context(),
                     context_one,
                     "errback %s run in unexpected logcontext %s"
-                    % (deferred_name, LoggingContext.current_context()),
+                    % (deferred_name, current_context()),
                 )
                 return res
 
@@ -90,7 +95,7 @@ class TimeoutDeferredTest(TestCase):
             original_deferred.addErrback(errback, "orig")
             timing_out_d = timeout_deferred(original_deferred, 1.0, self.clock)
             self.assertNoResult(timing_out_d)
-            self.assertIs(LoggingContext.current_context(), LoggingContext.sentinel)
+            self.assertIs(current_context(), SENTINEL_CONTEXT)
             timing_out_d.addErrback(errback, "timingout")
 
             self.clock.pump((1.0,))
@@ -99,4 +104,4 @@ class TimeoutDeferredTest(TestCase):
                 blocking_was_cancelled[0], "non-completing deferred was not cancelled"
             )
             self.failureResultOf(timing_out_d, defer.TimeoutError)
-            self.assertIs(LoggingContext.current_context(), context_one)
+            self.assertIs(current_context(), context_one)
diff --git a/tests/util/test_linearizer.py b/tests/util/test_linearizer.py
index 0ec8ef90ce..852ef23185 100644
--- a/tests/util/test_linearizer.py
+++ b/tests/util/test_linearizer.py
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ from six.moves import range
 from twisted.internet import defer, reactor
 from twisted.internet.defer import CancelledError
 
-from synapse.logging.context import LoggingContext
+from synapse.logging.context import LoggingContext, current_context
 from synapse.util import Clock
 from synapse.util.async_helpers import Linearizer
 
@@ -54,11 +54,11 @@ class LinearizerTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         def func(i, sleep=False):
             with LoggingContext("func(%s)" % i) as lc:
                 with (yield linearizer.queue("")):
-                    self.assertEqual(LoggingContext.current_context(), lc)
+                    self.assertEqual(current_context(), lc)
                     if sleep:
                         yield Clock(reactor).sleep(0)
 
-                self.assertEqual(LoggingContext.current_context(), lc)
+                self.assertEqual(current_context(), lc)
 
         func(0, sleep=True)
         for i in range(1, 100):
diff --git a/tests/util/test_logcontext.py b/tests/util/test_logcontext.py
index 281b32c4b8..95301c013c 100644
--- a/tests/util/test_logcontext.py
+++ b/tests/util/test_logcontext.py
@@ -2,8 +2,10 @@ import twisted.python.failure
 from twisted.internet import defer, reactor
 
 from synapse.logging.context import (
+    SENTINEL_CONTEXT,
     LoggingContext,
     PreserveLoggingContext,
+    current_context,
     make_deferred_yieldable,
     nested_logging_context,
     run_in_background,
@@ -15,7 +17,7 @@ from .. import unittest
 
 class LoggingContextTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
     def _check_test_key(self, value):
-        self.assertEquals(LoggingContext.current_context().request, value)
+        self.assertEquals(current_context().request, value)
 
     def test_with_context(self):
         with LoggingContext() as context_one:
@@ -41,7 +43,7 @@ class LoggingContextTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
             self._check_test_key("one")
 
     def _test_run_in_background(self, function):
-        sentinel_context = LoggingContext.current_context()
+        sentinel_context = current_context()
 
         callback_completed = [False]
 
@@ -71,7 +73,7 @@ class LoggingContextTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
             # make sure that the context was reset before it got thrown back
             # into the reactor
             try:
-                self.assertIs(LoggingContext.current_context(), sentinel_context)
+                self.assertIs(current_context(), sentinel_context)
                 d2.callback(None)
             except BaseException:
                 d2.errback(twisted.python.failure.Failure())
@@ -108,7 +110,7 @@ class LoggingContextTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         async def testfunc():
             self._check_test_key("one")
             d = Clock(reactor).sleep(0)
-            self.assertIs(LoggingContext.current_context(), LoggingContext.sentinel)
+            self.assertIs(current_context(), SENTINEL_CONTEXT)
             await d
             self._check_test_key("one")
 
@@ -129,14 +131,14 @@ class LoggingContextTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
             reactor.callLater(0, d.callback, None)
             return d
 
-        sentinel_context = LoggingContext.current_context()
+        sentinel_context = current_context()
 
         with LoggingContext() as context_one:
             context_one.request = "one"
 
             d1 = make_deferred_yieldable(blocking_function())
             # make sure that the context was reset by make_deferred_yieldable
-            self.assertIs(LoggingContext.current_context(), sentinel_context)
+            self.assertIs(current_context(), sentinel_context)
 
             yield d1
 
@@ -145,14 +147,14 @@ class LoggingContextTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def test_make_deferred_yieldable_with_chained_deferreds(self):
-        sentinel_context = LoggingContext.current_context()
+        sentinel_context = current_context()
 
         with LoggingContext() as context_one:
             context_one.request = "one"
 
             d1 = make_deferred_yieldable(_chained_deferred_function())
             # make sure that the context was reset by make_deferred_yieldable
-            self.assertIs(LoggingContext.current_context(), sentinel_context)
+            self.assertIs(current_context(), sentinel_context)
 
             yield d1
 
@@ -189,14 +191,14 @@ class LoggingContextTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
             reactor.callLater(0, d.callback, None)
             await d
 
-        sentinel_context = LoggingContext.current_context()
+        sentinel_context = current_context()
 
         with LoggingContext() as context_one:
             context_one.request = "one"
 
             d1 = make_deferred_yieldable(blocking_function())
             # make sure that the context was reset by make_deferred_yieldable
-            self.assertIs(LoggingContext.current_context(), sentinel_context)
+            self.assertIs(current_context(), sentinel_context)
 
             yield d1
 
diff --git a/tests/utils.py b/tests/utils.py
index 513f358f4f..2079e0143d 100644
--- a/tests/utils.py
+++ b/tests/utils.py
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ from synapse.config.homeserver import HomeServerConfig
 from synapse.config.server import DEFAULT_ROOM_VERSION
 from synapse.federation.transport import server as federation_server
 from synapse.http.server import HttpServer
-from synapse.logging.context import LoggingContext
+from synapse.logging.context import current_context, set_current_context
 from synapse.server import HomeServer
 from synapse.storage import DataStore
 from synapse.storage.engines import PostgresEngine, create_engine
@@ -332,10 +332,15 @@ def setup_test_homeserver(
     # Need to let the HS build an auth handler and then mess with it
     # because AuthHandler's constructor requires the HS, so we can't make one
     # beforehand and pass it in to the HS's constructor (chicken / egg)
-    hs.get_auth_handler().hash = lambda p: hashlib.md5(p.encode("utf8")).hexdigest()
-    hs.get_auth_handler().validate_hash = (
-        lambda p, h: hashlib.md5(p.encode("utf8")).hexdigest() == h
-    )
+    async def hash(p):
+        return hashlib.md5(p.encode("utf8")).hexdigest()
+
+    hs.get_auth_handler().hash = hash
+
+    async def validate_hash(p, h):
+        return hashlib.md5(p.encode("utf8")).hexdigest() == h
+
+    hs.get_auth_handler().validate_hash = validate_hash
 
     fed = kargs.get("resource_for_federation", None)
     if fed:
@@ -493,10 +498,10 @@ class MockClock(object):
         return self.time() * 1000
 
     def call_later(self, delay, callback, *args, **kwargs):
-        current_context = LoggingContext.current_context()
+        ctx = current_context()
 
         def wrapped_callback():
-            LoggingContext.thread_local.current_context = current_context
+            set_current_context(ctx)
             callback(*args, **kwargs)
 
         t = [self.now + delay, wrapped_callback, False]
diff --git a/tox.ini b/tox.ini
index 34d6322c4b..42b2d74891 100644
--- a/tox.ini
+++ b/tox.ini
@@ -183,9 +183,11 @@ commands = mypy \
             synapse/events/spamcheck.py \
             synapse/federation/federation_base.py \
             synapse/federation/federation_client.py \
+            synapse/federation/federation_server.py \
             synapse/federation/sender \
             synapse/federation/transport \
             synapse/handlers/auth.py \
+            synapse/handlers/cas_handler.py \
             synapse/handlers/directory.py \
             synapse/handlers/presence.py \
             synapse/handlers/sync.py \