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-rwxr-xr-xjenkins.sh6
-rw-r--r--synapse/api/filtering.py5
-rwxr-xr-xsynapse/app/homeserver.py168
-rw-r--r--synapse/federation/__init__.py9
-rw-r--r--synapse/federation/replication.py2
-rw-r--r--synapse/federation/transport/__init__.py52
-rw-r--r--synapse/federation/transport/client.py4
-rw-r--r--synapse/federation/transport/server.py82
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/federation.py8
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/message.py48
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/sync.py425
-rw-r--r--synapse/python_dependencies.py2
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/v1/push_rule.py15
-rw-r--r--synapse/server.py133
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/__init__.py36
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/_base.py49
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/account_data.py21
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/events.py20
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/filtering.py3
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/push_rule.py3
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/receipts.py79
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/roommember.py2
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/schema/delta/28/events_room_stream.sql16
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/stream.py171
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/tags.py19
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/util/id_generators.py36
-rw-r--r--synapse/util/caches/lrucache.py10
-rw-r--r--synapse/util/caches/stream_change_cache.py107
-rw-r--r--synapse/util/caches/treecache.py36
-rw-r--r--tests/api/test_filtering.py7
-rw-r--r--tests/federation/__init__.py0
-rw-r--r--tests/federation/test_federation.py303
-rw-r--r--tests/rest/client/v1/test_presence.py18
-rw-r--r--tests/rest/client/v1/test_rooms.py13
-rw-r--r--tests/storage/test_appservice.py6
-rw-r--r--tests/storage/test_registration.py3
-rw-r--r--tests/test_types.py5
-rw-r--r--tests/util/test_lrucache.py7
-rw-r--r--tests/util/test_treecache.py12
-rw-r--r--tests/utils.py26
40 files changed, 936 insertions, 1031 deletions
diff --git a/jenkins.sh b/jenkins.sh
index e2bb706c7f..ed3bdf80fa 100755
--- a/jenkins.sh
+++ b/jenkins.sh
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ TOX_BIN=$WORKSPACE/.tox/py27/bin
 if [[ ! -e .sytest-base ]]; then
   git clone https://github.com/matrix-org/sytest.git .sytest-base --mirror
 else
-  (cd .sytest-base; git fetch)
+  (cd .sytest-base; git fetch -p)
 fi
 
 rm -rf sytest
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ RUN_POSTGRES=""
 
 for port in $(($PORT_BASE + 1)) $(($PORT_BASE + 2)); do
     if psql synapse_jenkins_$port <<< ""; then
-        RUN_POSTGRES=$RUN_POSTGRES:$port
+        RUN_POSTGRES="$RUN_POSTGRES:$port"
         cat > localhost-$port/database.yaml << EOF
 name: psycopg2
 args:
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ EOF
 done
 
 # Run if both postgresql databases exist
-if test $RUN_POSTGRES = ":$(($PORT_BASE + 1)):$(($PORT_BASE + 2))"; then
+if test "$RUN_POSTGRES" = ":$(($PORT_BASE + 1)):$(($PORT_BASE + 2))"; then
     echo >&2 "Running sytest with PostgreSQL";
     $TOX_BIN/pip install psycopg2
     ./run-tests.pl --coverage -O tap --synapse-directory $WORKSPACE \
diff --git a/synapse/api/filtering.py b/synapse/api/filtering.py
index 6c13ada5df..6eff83e5f8 100644
--- a/synapse/api/filtering.py
+++ b/synapse/api/filtering.py
@@ -15,6 +15,8 @@
 from synapse.api.errors import SynapseError
 from synapse.types import UserID, RoomID
 
+import ujson as json
+
 
 class Filtering(object):
 
@@ -149,6 +151,9 @@ class FilterCollection(object):
             "include_leave", False
         )
 
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return "<FilterCollection %s>" % (json.dumps(self._filter_json),)
+
     def get_filter_json(self):
         return self._filter_json
 
diff --git a/synapse/app/homeserver.py b/synapse/app/homeserver.py
index 6928d9d3e4..e5066c48ef 100755
--- a/synapse/app/homeserver.py
+++ b/synapse/app/homeserver.py
@@ -50,16 +50,14 @@ from twisted.cred import checkers, portal
 
 from twisted.internet import reactor, task, defer
 from twisted.application import service
-from twisted.enterprise import adbapi
 from twisted.web.resource import Resource, EncodingResourceWrapper
 from twisted.web.static import File
 from twisted.web.server import Site, GzipEncoderFactory, Request
-from synapse.http.server import JsonResource, RootRedirect
+from synapse.http.server import RootRedirect
 from synapse.rest.media.v0.content_repository import ContentRepoResource
 from synapse.rest.media.v1.media_repository import MediaRepositoryResource
 from synapse.rest.key.v1.server_key_resource import LocalKey
 from synapse.rest.key.v2 import KeyApiV2Resource
-from synapse.http.matrixfederationclient import MatrixFederationHttpClient
 from synapse.api.urls import (
     FEDERATION_PREFIX, WEB_CLIENT_PREFIX, CONTENT_REPO_PREFIX,
     SERVER_KEY_PREFIX, MEDIA_PREFIX, STATIC_PREFIX,
@@ -69,6 +67,7 @@ from synapse.config.homeserver import HomeServerConfig
 from synapse.crypto import context_factory
 from synapse.util.logcontext import LoggingContext
 from synapse.metrics.resource import MetricsResource, METRICS_PREFIX
+from synapse.federation.transport.server import TransportLayerServer
 
 from synapse import events
 
@@ -95,80 +94,37 @@ def gz_wrap(r):
     return EncodingResourceWrapper(r, [GzipEncoderFactory()])
 
 
-class SynapseHomeServer(HomeServer):
-
-    def build_http_client(self):
-        return MatrixFederationHttpClient(self)
-
-    def build_client_resource(self):
-        return ClientRestResource(self)
-
-    def build_resource_for_federation(self):
-        return JsonResource(self)
-
-    def build_resource_for_web_client(self):
-        webclient_path = self.get_config().web_client_location
-        if not webclient_path:
-            try:
-                import syweb
-            except ImportError:
-                quit_with_error(
-                    "Could not find a webclient.\n\n"
-                    "Please either install the matrix-angular-sdk or configure\n"
-                    "the location of the source to serve via the configuration\n"
-                    "option `web_client_location`\n\n"
-                    "To install the `matrix-angular-sdk` via pip, run:\n\n"
-                    "    pip install '%(dep)s'\n"
-                    "\n"
-                    "You can also disable hosting of the webclient via the\n"
-                    "configuration option `web_client`\n"
-                    % {"dep": DEPENDENCY_LINKS["matrix-angular-sdk"]}
-                )
-            syweb_path = os.path.dirname(syweb.__file__)
-            webclient_path = os.path.join(syweb_path, "webclient")
-        # GZip is disabled here due to
-        # https://twistedmatrix.com/trac/ticket/7678
-        # (It can stay enabled for the API resources: they call
-        # write() with the whole body and then finish() straight
-        # after and so do not trigger the bug.
-        # GzipFile was removed in commit 184ba09
-        # return GzipFile(webclient_path)  # TODO configurable?
-        return File(webclient_path)  # TODO configurable?
-
-    def build_resource_for_static_content(self):
-        # This is old and should go away: not going to bother adding gzip
-        return File(
-            os.path.join(os.path.dirname(synapse.__file__), "static")
-        )
-
-    def build_resource_for_content_repo(self):
-        return ContentRepoResource(
-            self, self.config.uploads_path, self.auth, self.content_addr
-        )
-
-    def build_resource_for_media_repository(self):
-        return MediaRepositoryResource(self)
-
-    def build_resource_for_server_key(self):
-        return LocalKey(self)
-
-    def build_resource_for_server_key_v2(self):
-        return KeyApiV2Resource(self)
-
-    def build_resource_for_metrics(self):
-        if self.get_config().enable_metrics:
-            return MetricsResource(self)
-        else:
-            return None
-
-    def build_db_pool(self):
-        name = self.db_config["name"]
+def build_resource_for_web_client(hs):
+    webclient_path = hs.get_config().web_client_location
+    if not webclient_path:
+        try:
+            import syweb
+        except ImportError:
+            quit_with_error(
+                "Could not find a webclient.\n\n"
+                "Please either install the matrix-angular-sdk or configure\n"
+                "the location of the source to serve via the configuration\n"
+                "option `web_client_location`\n\n"
+                "To install the `matrix-angular-sdk` via pip, run:\n\n"
+                "    pip install '%(dep)s'\n"
+                "\n"
+                "You can also disable hosting of the webclient via the\n"
+                "configuration option `web_client`\n"
+                % {"dep": DEPENDENCY_LINKS["matrix-angular-sdk"]}
+            )
+        syweb_path = os.path.dirname(syweb.__file__)
+        webclient_path = os.path.join(syweb_path, "webclient")
+    # GZip is disabled here due to
+    # https://twistedmatrix.com/trac/ticket/7678
+    # (It can stay enabled for the API resources: they call
+    # write() with the whole body and then finish() straight
+    # after and so do not trigger the bug.
+    # GzipFile was removed in commit 184ba09
+    # return GzipFile(webclient_path)  # TODO configurable?
+    return File(webclient_path)  # TODO configurable?
 
-        return adbapi.ConnectionPool(
-            name,
-            **self.db_config.get("args", {})
-        )
 
+class SynapseHomeServer(HomeServer):
     def _listener_http(self, config, listener_config):
         port = listener_config["port"]
         bind_address = listener_config.get("bind_address", "")
@@ -178,13 +134,11 @@ class SynapseHomeServer(HomeServer):
         if tls and config.no_tls:
             return
 
-        metrics_resource = self.get_resource_for_metrics()
-
         resources = {}
         for res in listener_config["resources"]:
             for name in res["names"]:
                 if name == "client":
-                    client_resource = self.get_client_resource()
+                    client_resource = ClientRestResource(self)
                     if res["compress"]:
                         client_resource = gz_wrap(client_resource)
 
@@ -198,31 +152,35 @@ class SynapseHomeServer(HomeServer):
 
                 if name == "federation":
                     resources.update({
-                        FEDERATION_PREFIX: self.get_resource_for_federation(),
+                        FEDERATION_PREFIX: TransportLayerServer(self),
                     })
 
                 if name in ["static", "client"]:
                     resources.update({
-                        STATIC_PREFIX: self.get_resource_for_static_content(),
+                        STATIC_PREFIX: File(
+                            os.path.join(os.path.dirname(synapse.__file__), "static")
+                        ),
                     })
 
                 if name in ["media", "federation", "client"]:
                     resources.update({
-                        MEDIA_PREFIX: self.get_resource_for_media_repository(),
-                        CONTENT_REPO_PREFIX: self.get_resource_for_content_repo(),
+                        MEDIA_PREFIX: MediaRepositoryResource(self),
+                        CONTENT_REPO_PREFIX: ContentRepoResource(
+                            self, self.config.uploads_path, self.auth, self.content_addr
+                        ),
                     })
 
                 if name in ["keys", "federation"]:
                     resources.update({
-                        SERVER_KEY_PREFIX: self.get_resource_for_server_key(),
-                        SERVER_KEY_V2_PREFIX: self.get_resource_for_server_key_v2(),
+                        SERVER_KEY_PREFIX: LocalKey(self),
+                        SERVER_KEY_V2_PREFIX: KeyApiV2Resource(self),
                     })
 
                 if name == "webclient":
-                    resources[WEB_CLIENT_PREFIX] = self.get_resource_for_web_client()
+                    resources[WEB_CLIENT_PREFIX] = build_resource_for_web_client(self)
 
-                if name == "metrics" and metrics_resource:
-                    resources[METRICS_PREFIX] = metrics_resource
+                if name == "metrics" and self.get_config().enable_metrics:
+                    resources[METRICS_PREFIX] = MetricsResource(self)
 
         root_resource = create_resource_tree(resources)
         if tls:
@@ -296,6 +254,18 @@ class SynapseHomeServer(HomeServer):
         except IncorrectDatabaseSetup as e:
             quit_with_error(e.message)
 
+    def get_db_conn(self):
+        # Any param beginning with cp_ is a parameter for adbapi, and should
+        # not be passed to the database engine.
+        db_params = {
+            k: v for k, v in self.db_config.get("args", {}).items()
+            if not k.startswith("cp_")
+        }
+        db_conn = self.database_engine.module.connect(**db_params)
+
+        self.database_engine.on_new_connection(db_conn)
+        return db_conn
+
 
 def quit_with_error(error_string):
     message_lines = error_string.split("\n")
@@ -432,13 +402,7 @@ def setup(config_options):
     logger.info("Preparing database: %s...", config.database_config['name'])
 
     try:
-        db_conn = database_engine.module.connect(
-            **{
-                k: v for k, v in config.database_config.get("args", {}).items()
-                if not k.startswith("cp_")
-            }
-        )
-
+        db_conn = hs.get_db_conn()
         database_engine.prepare_database(db_conn)
         hs.run_startup_checks(db_conn, database_engine)
 
@@ -453,13 +417,17 @@ def setup(config_options):
 
     logger.info("Database prepared in %s.", config.database_config['name'])
 
+    hs.setup()
     hs.start_listening()
 
-    hs.get_pusherpool().start()
-    hs.get_state_handler().start_caching()
-    hs.get_datastore().start_profiling()
-    hs.get_datastore().start_doing_background_updates()
-    hs.get_replication_layer().start_get_pdu_cache()
+    def start():
+        hs.get_pusherpool().start()
+        hs.get_state_handler().start_caching()
+        hs.get_datastore().start_profiling()
+        hs.get_datastore().start_doing_background_updates()
+        hs.get_replication_layer().start_get_pdu_cache()
+
+    reactor.callWhenRunning(start)
 
     return hs
 
@@ -675,7 +643,7 @@ def _resource_id(resource, path_seg):
     the mapping should looks like _resource_id(A,C) = B.
 
     Args:
-        resource (Resource): The *parent* Resource
+        resource (Resource): The *parent* Resourceb
         path_seg (str): The name of the child Resource to be attached.
     Returns:
         str: A unique string which can be a key to the child Resource.
diff --git a/synapse/federation/__init__.py b/synapse/federation/__init__.py
index 0bfb79d09f..979fdf2431 100644
--- a/synapse/federation/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/federation/__init__.py
@@ -17,15 +17,10 @@
 """
 
 from .replication import ReplicationLayer
-from .transport import TransportLayer
+from .transport.client import TransportLayerClient
 
 
 def initialize_http_replication(homeserver):
-    transport = TransportLayer(
-        homeserver,
-        homeserver.hostname,
-        server=homeserver.get_resource_for_federation(),
-        client=homeserver.get_http_client()
-    )
+    transport = TransportLayerClient(homeserver)
 
     return ReplicationLayer(homeserver, transport)
diff --git a/synapse/federation/replication.py b/synapse/federation/replication.py
index 6e0be8ef15..3e062a5eab 100644
--- a/synapse/federation/replication.py
+++ b/synapse/federation/replication.py
@@ -54,8 +54,6 @@ class ReplicationLayer(FederationClient, FederationServer):
         self.keyring = hs.get_keyring()
 
         self.transport_layer = transport_layer
-        self.transport_layer.register_received_handler(self)
-        self.transport_layer.register_request_handler(self)
 
         self.federation_client = self
 
diff --git a/synapse/federation/transport/__init__.py b/synapse/federation/transport/__init__.py
index 155a7d5870..d9fcc520a0 100644
--- a/synapse/federation/transport/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/federation/transport/__init__.py
@@ -20,55 +20,3 @@ By default this is done over HTTPS (and all home servers are required to
 support HTTPS), however individual pairings of servers may decide to
 communicate over a different (albeit still reliable) protocol.
 """
-
-from .server import TransportLayerServer
-from .client import TransportLayerClient
-
-from synapse.util.ratelimitutils import FederationRateLimiter
-
-
-class TransportLayer(TransportLayerServer, TransportLayerClient):
-    """This is a basic implementation of the transport layer that translates
-    transactions and other requests to/from HTTP.
-
-    Attributes:
-        server_name (str): Local home server host
-
-        server (synapse.http.server.HttpServer): the http server to
-                register listeners on
-
-        client (synapse.http.client.HttpClient): the http client used to
-                send requests
-
-        request_handler (TransportRequestHandler): The handler to fire when we
-            receive requests for data.
-
-        received_handler (TransportReceivedHandler): The handler to fire when
-            we receive data.
-    """
-
-    def __init__(self, homeserver, server_name, server, client):
-        """
-        Args:
-            server_name (str): Local home server host
-            server (synapse.protocol.http.HttpServer): the http server to
-                register listeners on
-            client (synapse.protocol.http.HttpClient): the http client used to
-                send requests
-        """
-        self.keyring = homeserver.get_keyring()
-        self.clock = homeserver.get_clock()
-        self.server_name = server_name
-        self.server = server
-        self.client = client
-        self.request_handler = None
-        self.received_handler = None
-
-        self.ratelimiter = FederationRateLimiter(
-            self.clock,
-            window_size=homeserver.config.federation_rc_window_size,
-            sleep_limit=homeserver.config.federation_rc_sleep_limit,
-            sleep_msec=homeserver.config.federation_rc_sleep_delay,
-            reject_limit=homeserver.config.federation_rc_reject_limit,
-            concurrent_requests=homeserver.config.federation_rc_concurrent,
-        )
diff --git a/synapse/federation/transport/client.py b/synapse/federation/transport/client.py
index 949d01dea8..2b5d40ea7f 100644
--- a/synapse/federation/transport/client.py
+++ b/synapse/federation/transport/client.py
@@ -28,6 +28,10 @@ logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 class TransportLayerClient(object):
     """Sends federation HTTP requests to other servers"""
 
+    def __init__(self, hs):
+        self.server_name = hs.hostname
+        self.client = hs.get_http_client()
+
     @log_function
     def get_room_state(self, destination, room_id, event_id):
         """ Requests all state for a given room from the given server at the
diff --git a/synapse/federation/transport/server.py b/synapse/federation/transport/server.py
index 8dca0a7f6b..65e054f7dd 100644
--- a/synapse/federation/transport/server.py
+++ b/synapse/federation/transport/server.py
@@ -17,7 +17,8 @@ from twisted.internet import defer
 
 from synapse.api.urls import FEDERATION_PREFIX as PREFIX
 from synapse.api.errors import Codes, SynapseError
-from synapse.util.logutils import log_function
+from synapse.http.server import JsonResource
+from synapse.util.ratelimitutils import FederationRateLimiter
 
 import functools
 import logging
@@ -28,9 +29,41 @@ import re
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
-class TransportLayerServer(object):
+class TransportLayerServer(JsonResource):
     """Handles incoming federation HTTP requests"""
 
+    def __init__(self, hs):
+        self.hs = hs
+        self.clock = hs.get_clock()
+
+        super(TransportLayerServer, self).__init__(hs)
+
+        self.authenticator = Authenticator(hs)
+        self.ratelimiter = FederationRateLimiter(
+            self.clock,
+            window_size=hs.config.federation_rc_window_size,
+            sleep_limit=hs.config.federation_rc_sleep_limit,
+            sleep_msec=hs.config.federation_rc_sleep_delay,
+            reject_limit=hs.config.federation_rc_reject_limit,
+            concurrent_requests=hs.config.federation_rc_concurrent,
+        )
+
+        self.register_servlets()
+
+    def register_servlets(self):
+        register_servlets(
+            self.hs,
+            resource=self,
+            ratelimiter=self.ratelimiter,
+            authenticator=self.authenticator,
+        )
+
+
+class Authenticator(object):
+    def __init__(self, hs):
+        self.keyring = hs.get_keyring()
+        self.server_name = hs.hostname
+
     # A method just so we can pass 'self' as the authenticator to the Servlets
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def authenticate_request(self, request):
@@ -98,37 +131,9 @@ class TransportLayerServer(object):
 
         defer.returnValue((origin, content))
 
-    @log_function
-    def register_received_handler(self, handler):
-        """ Register a handler that will be fired when we receive data.
-
-        Args:
-            handler (TransportReceivedHandler)
-        """
-        FederationSendServlet(
-            handler,
-            authenticator=self,
-            ratelimiter=self.ratelimiter,
-            server_name=self.server_name,
-        ).register(self.server)
-
-    @log_function
-    def register_request_handler(self, handler):
-        """ Register a handler that will be fired when we get asked for data.
-
-        Args:
-            handler (TransportRequestHandler)
-        """
-        for servletclass in SERVLET_CLASSES:
-            servletclass(
-                handler,
-                authenticator=self,
-                ratelimiter=self.ratelimiter,
-            ).register(self.server)
-
 
 class BaseFederationServlet(object):
-    def __init__(self, handler, authenticator, ratelimiter):
+    def __init__(self, handler, authenticator, ratelimiter, server_name):
         self.handler = handler
         self.authenticator = authenticator
         self.ratelimiter = ratelimiter
@@ -172,7 +177,9 @@ class FederationSendServlet(BaseFederationServlet):
     PATH = "/send/([^/]*)/"
 
     def __init__(self, handler, server_name, **kwargs):
-        super(FederationSendServlet, self).__init__(handler, **kwargs)
+        super(FederationSendServlet, self).__init__(
+            handler, server_name=server_name, **kwargs
+        )
         self.server_name = server_name
 
     # This is when someone is trying to send us a bunch of data.
@@ -432,6 +439,7 @@ class On3pidBindServlet(BaseFederationServlet):
 
 
 SERVLET_CLASSES = (
+    FederationSendServlet,
     FederationPullServlet,
     FederationEventServlet,
     FederationStateServlet,
@@ -451,3 +459,13 @@ SERVLET_CLASSES = (
     FederationThirdPartyInviteExchangeServlet,
     On3pidBindServlet,
 )
+
+
+def register_servlets(hs, resource, authenticator, ratelimiter):
+    for servletclass in SERVLET_CLASSES:
+        servletclass(
+            handler=hs.get_replication_layer(),
+            authenticator=authenticator,
+            ratelimiter=ratelimiter,
+            server_name=hs.hostname,
+        ).register(resource)
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/federation.py b/synapse/handlers/federation.py
index 6c19d6ae8c..2ce1e9d6c7 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/federation.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/federation.py
@@ -1186,7 +1186,13 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
 
             try:
                 self.auth.check(e, auth_events=auth_for_e)
-            except AuthError as err:
+            except SynapseError as err:
+                # we may get SynapseErrors here as well as AuthErrors. For
+                # instance, there are a couple of (ancient) events in some
+                # rooms whose senders do not have the correct sigil; these
+                # cause SynapseErrors in auth.check. We don't want to give up
+                # the attempt to federate altogether in such cases.
+
                 logger.warn(
                     "Rejecting %s because %s",
                     e.event_id, err.msg
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/message.py b/synapse/handlers/message.py
index ff800f8af1..82c8cb5f0c 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/message.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/message.py
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 from twisted.internet import defer
 
 from synapse.api.constants import EventTypes, Membership
-from synapse.api.errors import SynapseError, AuthError, Codes
+from synapse.api.errors import AuthError, Codes
 from synapse.streams.config import PaginationConfig
 from synapse.events.utils import serialize_event
 from synapse.events.validator import EventValidator
@@ -105,8 +105,6 @@ class MessageHandler(BaseHandler):
             room_token = pagin_config.from_token.room_key
 
         room_token = RoomStreamToken.parse(room_token)
-        if room_token.topological is None:
-            raise SynapseError(400, "Invalid token")
 
         pagin_config.from_token = pagin_config.from_token.copy_and_replace(
             "room_key", str(room_token)
@@ -117,27 +115,31 @@ class MessageHandler(BaseHandler):
         membership, member_event_id = yield self._check_in_room_or_world_readable(
             room_id, user_id
         )
-        if membership == Membership.LEAVE:
-            # If they have left the room then clamp the token to be before
-            # they left the room.
-            leave_token = yield self.store.get_topological_token_for_event(
-                member_event_id
+
+        if source_config.direction == 'b':
+            # if we're going backwards, we might need to backfill. This
+            # requires that we have a topo token.
+            if room_token.topological:
+                max_topo = room_token.topological
+            else:
+                max_topo = yield self.store.get_max_topological_token_for_stream_and_room(
+                    room_id, room_token.stream
+                )
+
+            if membership == Membership.LEAVE:
+                # If they have left the room then clamp the token to be before
+                # they left the room, to save the effort of loading from the
+                # database.
+                leave_token = yield self.store.get_topological_token_for_event(
+                    member_event_id
+                )
+                leave_token = RoomStreamToken.parse(leave_token)
+                if leave_token.topological < max_topo:
+                    source_config.from_key = str(leave_token)
+
+            yield self.hs.get_handlers().federation_handler.maybe_backfill(
+                room_id, max_topo
             )
-            leave_token = RoomStreamToken.parse(leave_token)
-            if leave_token.topological < room_token.topological:
-                source_config.from_key = str(leave_token)
-
-            if source_config.direction == "f":
-                if source_config.to_key is None:
-                    source_config.to_key = str(leave_token)
-                else:
-                    to_token = RoomStreamToken.parse(source_config.to_key)
-                    if leave_token.topological < to_token.topological:
-                        source_config.to_key = str(leave_token)
-
-        yield self.hs.get_handlers().federation_handler.maybe_backfill(
-            room_id, room_token.topological
-        )
 
         events, next_key = yield data_source.get_pagination_rows(
             requester.user, source_config, room_id
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/sync.py b/synapse/handlers/sync.py
index 328c049b03..075566417f 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/sync.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/sync.py
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ class JoinedSyncResult(collections.namedtuple("JoinedSyncResult", [
         )
 
 
-class ArchivedSyncResult(collections.namedtuple("JoinedSyncResult", [
+class ArchivedSyncResult(collections.namedtuple("ArchivedSyncResult", [
     "room_id",            # str
     "timeline",           # TimelineBatch
     "state",              # dict[(str, str), FrozenEvent]
@@ -298,46 +298,19 @@ class SyncHandler(BaseHandler):
             room_id, sync_config, now_token, since_token=timeline_since_token
         )
 
-        notifs = yield self.unread_notifs_for_room_id(
-            room_id, sync_config, ephemeral_by_room
+        room_sync = yield self.incremental_sync_with_gap_for_room(
+            room_id, sync_config,
+            now_token=now_token,
+            since_token=timeline_since_token,
+            ephemeral_by_room=ephemeral_by_room,
+            tags_by_room=tags_by_room,
+            account_data_by_room=account_data_by_room,
+            all_ephemeral_by_room=ephemeral_by_room,
+            batch=batch,
+            full_state=True,
         )
 
-        unread_notifications = {}
-        if notifs is not None:
-            unread_notifications["notification_count"] = len(notifs)
-            unread_notifications["highlight_count"] = len([
-                1 for notif in notifs if _action_has_highlight(notif["actions"])
-            ])
-
-        current_state = yield self.get_state_at(room_id, now_token)
-
-        current_state = {
-            (e.type, e.state_key): e
-            for e in sync_config.filter_collection.filter_room_state(
-                current_state.values()
-            )
-        }
-
-        account_data = self.account_data_for_room(
-            room_id, tags_by_room, account_data_by_room
-        )
-
-        account_data = sync_config.filter_collection.filter_room_account_data(
-            account_data
-        )
-
-        ephemeral = sync_config.filter_collection.filter_room_ephemeral(
-            ephemeral_by_room.get(room_id, [])
-        )
-
-        defer.returnValue(JoinedSyncResult(
-            room_id=room_id,
-            timeline=batch,
-            state=current_state,
-            ephemeral=ephemeral,
-            account_data=account_data,
-            unread_notifications=unread_notifications,
-        ))
+        defer.returnValue(room_sync)
 
     def account_data_for_user(self, account_data):
         account_data_events = []
@@ -429,44 +402,20 @@ class SyncHandler(BaseHandler):
 
         defer.returnValue((now_token, ephemeral_by_room))
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def full_state_sync_for_archived_room(self, room_id, sync_config,
                                           leave_event_id, leave_token,
                                           timeline_since_token, tags_by_room,
                                           account_data_by_room):
         """Sync a room for a client which is starting without any state
         Returns:
-            A Deferred JoinedSyncResult.
+            A Deferred ArchivedSyncResult.
         """
 
-        batch = yield self.load_filtered_recents(
-            room_id, sync_config, leave_token, since_token=timeline_since_token
+        return self.incremental_sync_for_archived_room(
+            sync_config, room_id, leave_event_id, timeline_since_token, tags_by_room,
+            account_data_by_room, full_state=True, leave_token=leave_token,
         )
 
-        leave_state = yield self.store.get_state_for_event(leave_event_id)
-
-        leave_state = {
-            (e.type, e.state_key): e
-            for e in sync_config.filter_collection.filter_room_state(
-                leave_state.values()
-            )
-        }
-
-        account_data = self.account_data_for_room(
-            room_id, tags_by_room, account_data_by_room
-        )
-
-        account_data = sync_config.filter_collection.filter_room_account_data(
-            account_data
-        )
-
-        defer.returnValue(ArchivedSyncResult(
-            room_id=room_id,
-            timeline=batch,
-            state=leave_state,
-            account_data=account_data,
-        ))
-
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def incremental_sync_with_gap(self, sync_config, since_token):
         """ Get the incremental delta needed to bring the client up to
@@ -512,154 +461,127 @@ class SyncHandler(BaseHandler):
                 sync_config.user
             )
 
-        timeline_limit = sync_config.filter_collection.timeline_limit()
+        user_id = sync_config.user.to_string()
 
-        room_events, _ = yield self.store.get_room_events_stream(
-            sync_config.user.to_string(),
-            from_key=since_token.room_key,
-            to_key=now_token.room_key,
-            limit=timeline_limit + 1,
-        )
+        timeline_limit = sync_config.filter_collection.timeline_limit()
 
         tags_by_room = yield self.store.get_updated_tags(
-            sync_config.user.to_string(),
+            user_id,
             since_token.account_data_key,
         )
 
         account_data, account_data_by_room = (
             yield self.store.get_updated_account_data_for_user(
-                sync_config.user.to_string(),
+                user_id,
                 since_token.account_data_key,
             )
         )
 
-        joined = []
-        archived = []
-        if len(room_events) <= timeline_limit:
-            # There is no gap in any of the rooms. Therefore we can just
-            # partition the new events by room and return them.
-            logger.debug("Got %i events for incremental sync - not limited",
-                         len(room_events))
-
-            invite_events = []
-            leave_events = []
-            events_by_room_id = {}
-            for event in room_events:
-                events_by_room_id.setdefault(event.room_id, []).append(event)
-                if event.room_id not in joined_room_ids:
-                    if (event.type == EventTypes.Member
-                            and event.state_key == sync_config.user.to_string()):
-                        if event.membership == Membership.INVITE:
-                            invite_events.append(event)
-                        elif event.membership in (Membership.LEAVE, Membership.BAN):
-                            leave_events.append(event)
-
-            for room_id in joined_room_ids:
-                recents = events_by_room_id.get(room_id, [])
-                logger.debug("Events for room %s: %r", room_id, recents)
-                state = {
-                    (event.type, event.state_key): event
-                    for event in recents if event.is_state()}
-                limited = False
-
-                if recents:
-                    prev_batch = now_token.copy_and_replace(
-                        "room_key", recents[0].internal_metadata.before
-                    )
-                else:
-                    prev_batch = now_token
-
-                just_joined = yield self.check_joined_room(sync_config, state)
-                if just_joined:
-                    logger.debug("User has just joined %s: needs full state",
-                                 room_id)
-                    state = yield self.get_state_at(room_id, now_token)
-                    # the timeline is inherently limited if we've just joined
-                    limited = True
-
-                recents = sync_config.filter_collection.filter_room_timeline(recents)
-
-                state = {
-                    (e.type, e.state_key): e
-                    for e in sync_config.filter_collection.filter_room_state(
-                        state.values()
-                    )
-                }
-
-                acc_data = self.account_data_for_room(
-                    room_id, tags_by_room, account_data_by_room
-                )
+        # Get a list of membership change events that have happened.
+        rooms_changed = yield self.store.get_room_changes_for_user(
+            user_id, since_token.room_key, now_token.room_key
+        )
 
-                acc_data = sync_config.filter_collection.filter_room_account_data(
-                    acc_data
-                )
+        mem_change_events_by_room_id = {}
+        for event in rooms_changed:
+            mem_change_events_by_room_id.setdefault(event.room_id, []).append(event)
 
-                ephemeral = sync_config.filter_collection.filter_room_ephemeral(
-                    ephemeral_by_room.get(room_id, [])
-                )
+        newly_joined_rooms = []
+        archived = []
+        invited = []
+        for room_id, events in mem_change_events_by_room_id.items():
+            non_joins = [e for e in events if e.membership != Membership.JOIN]
+            has_join = len(non_joins) != len(events)
+
+            # We want to figure out if we joined the room at some point since
+            # the last sync (even if we have since left). This is to make sure
+            # we do send down the room, and with full state, where necessary
+            if room_id in joined_room_ids or has_join:
+                old_state = yield self.get_state_at(room_id, since_token)
+                old_mem_ev = old_state.get((EventTypes.Member, user_id), None)
+                if not old_mem_ev or old_mem_ev.membership != Membership.JOIN:
+                        newly_joined_rooms.append(room_id)
+
+                if room_id in joined_room_ids:
+                    continue
+
+            if not non_joins:
+                continue
 
-                room_sync = JoinedSyncResult(
-                    room_id=room_id,
-                    timeline=TimelineBatch(
-                        events=recents,
-                        prev_batch=prev_batch,
-                        limited=limited,
-                    ),
-                    state=state,
-                    ephemeral=ephemeral,
-                    account_data=acc_data,
-                    unread_notifications={},
+            # Only bother if we're still currently invited
+            should_invite = non_joins[-1].membership == Membership.INVITE
+            if should_invite:
+                room_sync = InvitedSyncResult(room_id, invite=non_joins[-1])
+                if room_sync:
+                    invited.append(room_sync)
+
+            # Always include leave/ban events. Just take the last one.
+            # TODO: How do we handle ban -> leave in same batch?
+            leave_events = [
+                e for e in non_joins
+                if e.membership in (Membership.LEAVE, Membership.BAN)
+            ]
+
+            if leave_events:
+                leave_event = leave_events[-1]
+                room_sync = yield self.incremental_sync_for_archived_room(
+                    sync_config, room_id, leave_event.event_id, since_token,
+                    tags_by_room, account_data_by_room,
+                    full_state=room_id in newly_joined_rooms
                 )
-                logger.debug("Result for room %s: %r", room_id, room_sync)
-
                 if room_sync:
-                    notifs = yield self.unread_notifs_for_room_id(
-                        room_id, sync_config, all_ephemeral_by_room
-                    )
+                    archived.append(room_sync)
 
-                    if notifs is not None:
-                        notif_dict = room_sync.unread_notifications
-                        notif_dict["notification_count"] = len(notifs)
-                        notif_dict["highlight_count"] = len([
-                            1 for notif in notifs
-                            if _action_has_highlight(notif["actions"])
-                        ])
+        # Get all events for rooms we're currently joined to.
+        room_to_events = yield self.store.get_room_events_stream_for_rooms(
+            room_ids=joined_room_ids,
+            from_key=since_token.room_key,
+            to_key=now_token.room_key,
+            limit=timeline_limit + 1,
+        )
 
-                    joined.append(room_sync)
+        joined = []
+        # We loop through all room ids, even if there are no new events, in case
+        # there are non room events taht we need to notify about.
+        for room_id in joined_room_ids:
+            room_entry = room_to_events.get(room_id, None)
 
-        else:
-            logger.debug("Got %i events for incremental sync - hit limit",
-                         len(room_events))
+            if room_entry:
+                events, start_key = room_entry
 
-            invite_events = yield self.store.get_invites_for_user(
-                sync_config.user.to_string()
-            )
+                prev_batch_token = now_token.copy_and_replace("room_key", start_key)
 
-            leave_events = yield self.store.get_leave_and_ban_events_for_user(
-                sync_config.user.to_string()
-            )
+                newly_joined_room = room_id in newly_joined_rooms
+                full_state = newly_joined_room
 
-            for room_id in joined_room_ids:
-                room_sync = yield self.incremental_sync_with_gap_for_room(
-                    room_id, sync_config, since_token, now_token,
-                    ephemeral_by_room, tags_by_room, account_data_by_room,
-                    all_ephemeral_by_room=all_ephemeral_by_room,
+                batch = yield self.load_filtered_recents(
+                    room_id, sync_config, prev_batch_token,
+                    since_token=since_token,
+                    recents=events,
+                    newly_joined_room=newly_joined_room,
                 )
-                if room_sync:
-                    joined.append(room_sync)
+            else:
+                batch = TimelineBatch(
+                    events=[],
+                    prev_batch=since_token,
+                    limited=False,
+                )
+                full_state = False
 
-        for leave_event in leave_events:
-            room_sync = yield self.incremental_sync_for_archived_room(
-                sync_config, leave_event, since_token, tags_by_room,
-                account_data_by_room
+            room_sync = yield self.incremental_sync_with_gap_for_room(
+                room_id=room_id,
+                sync_config=sync_config,
+                since_token=since_token,
+                now_token=now_token,
+                ephemeral_by_room=ephemeral_by_room,
+                tags_by_room=tags_by_room,
+                account_data_by_room=account_data_by_room,
+                all_ephemeral_by_room=all_ephemeral_by_room,
+                batch=batch,
+                full_state=full_state,
             )
             if room_sync:
-                archived.append(room_sync)
-
-        invited = [
-            InvitedSyncResult(room_id=event.room_id, invite=event)
-            for event in invite_events
-        ]
+                joined.append(room_sync)
 
         account_data_for_user = sync_config.filter_collection.filter_account_data(
             self.account_data_for_user(account_data)
@@ -680,28 +602,40 @@ class SyncHandler(BaseHandler):
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def load_filtered_recents(self, room_id, sync_config, now_token,
-                              since_token=None):
+                              since_token=None, recents=None, newly_joined_room=False):
         """
         :returns a Deferred TimelineBatch
         """
-        limited = True
-        recents = []
         filtering_factor = 2
         timeline_limit = sync_config.filter_collection.timeline_limit()
-        load_limit = max(timeline_limit * filtering_factor, 100)
-        max_repeat = 3  # Only try a few times per room, otherwise
+        load_limit = max(timeline_limit * filtering_factor, 10)
+        max_repeat = 5  # Only try a few times per room, otherwise
         room_key = now_token.room_key
         end_key = room_key
 
+        limited = recents is None or newly_joined_room or timeline_limit < len(recents)
+
+        if recents is not None:
+            recents = sync_config.filter_collection.filter_room_timeline(recents)
+            recents = yield self._filter_events_for_client(
+                sync_config.user.to_string(),
+                recents,
+                is_peeking=sync_config.is_guest,
+            )
+        else:
+            recents = []
+
+        since_key = None
+        if since_token and not newly_joined_room:
+            since_key = since_token.room_key
+
         while limited and len(recents) < timeline_limit and max_repeat:
-            events, keys = yield self.store.get_recent_events_for_room(
+            events, end_key = yield self.store.get_room_events_stream_for_room(
                 room_id,
                 limit=load_limit + 1,
-                from_token=since_token.room_key if since_token else None,
-                end_token=end_key,
+                from_key=since_key,
+                to_key=end_key,
             )
-            room_key, _ = keys
-            end_key = "s" + room_key.split('-')[-1]
             loaded_recents = sync_config.filter_collection.filter_room_timeline(events)
             loaded_recents = yield self._filter_events_for_client(
                 sync_config.user.to_string(),
@@ -710,8 +644,10 @@ class SyncHandler(BaseHandler):
             )
             loaded_recents.extend(recents)
             recents = loaded_recents
+
             if len(events) <= load_limit:
                 limited = False
+                break
             max_repeat -= 1
 
         if len(recents) > timeline_limit:
@@ -724,7 +660,9 @@ class SyncHandler(BaseHandler):
         )
 
         defer.returnValue(TimelineBatch(
-            events=recents, prev_batch=prev_batch_token, limited=limited
+            events=recents,
+            prev_batch=prev_batch_token,
+            limited=limited or newly_joined_room
         ))
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -732,25 +670,12 @@ class SyncHandler(BaseHandler):
                                            since_token, now_token,
                                            ephemeral_by_room, tags_by_room,
                                            account_data_by_room,
-                                           all_ephemeral_by_room):
-        """ Get the incremental delta needed to bring the client up to date for
-        the room. Gives the client the most recent events and the changes to
-        state.
-        Returns:
-            A Deferred JoinedSyncResult
-        """
-        logger.debug("Doing incremental sync for room %s between %s and %s",
-                     room_id, since_token, now_token)
-
-        # TODO(mjark): Check for redactions we might have missed.
-
-        batch = yield self.load_filtered_recents(
-            room_id, sync_config, now_token, since_token,
-        )
-
-        logger.debug("Recents %r", batch)
+                                           all_ephemeral_by_room,
+                                           batch, full_state=False):
+        if full_state:
+            state = yield self.get_state_at(room_id, now_token)
 
-        if batch.limited:
+        elif batch.limited:
             current_state = yield self.get_state_at(room_id, now_token)
 
             state_at_previous_sync = yield self.get_state_at(
@@ -772,17 +697,6 @@ class SyncHandler(BaseHandler):
         if just_joined:
             state = yield self.get_state_at(room_id, now_token)
 
-        notifs = yield self.unread_notifs_for_room_id(
-            room_id, sync_config, all_ephemeral_by_room
-        )
-
-        unread_notifications = {}
-        if notifs is not None:
-            unread_notifications["notification_count"] = len(notifs)
-            unread_notifications["highlight_count"] = len([
-                1 for notif in notifs if _action_has_highlight(notif["actions"])
-            ])
-
         state = {
             (e.type, e.state_key): e
             for e in sync_config.filter_collection.filter_room_state(state.values())
@@ -800,6 +714,7 @@ class SyncHandler(BaseHandler):
             ephemeral_by_room.get(room_id, [])
         )
 
+        unread_notifications = {}
         room_sync = JoinedSyncResult(
             room_id=room_id,
             timeline=batch,
@@ -809,48 +724,64 @@ class SyncHandler(BaseHandler):
             unread_notifications=unread_notifications,
         )
 
+        if room_sync:
+            notifs = yield self.unread_notifs_for_room_id(
+                room_id, sync_config, all_ephemeral_by_room
+            )
+
+            if notifs is not None:
+                unread_notifications["notification_count"] = len(notifs)
+                unread_notifications["highlight_count"] = len([
+                    1 for notif in notifs if _action_has_highlight(notif["actions"])
+                ])
+
         logger.debug("Room sync: %r", room_sync)
 
         defer.returnValue(room_sync)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def incremental_sync_for_archived_room(self, sync_config, leave_event,
+    def incremental_sync_for_archived_room(self, sync_config, room_id, leave_event_id,
                                            since_token, tags_by_room,
-                                           account_data_by_room):
+                                           account_data_by_room, full_state,
+                                           leave_token=None):
         """ Get the incremental delta needed to bring the client up to date for
         the archived room.
         Returns:
             A Deferred ArchivedSyncResult
         """
 
-        stream_token = yield self.store.get_stream_token_for_event(
-            leave_event.event_id
-        )
+        if not leave_token:
+            stream_token = yield self.store.get_stream_token_for_event(
+                leave_event_id
+            )
 
-        leave_token = since_token.copy_and_replace("room_key", stream_token)
+            leave_token = since_token.copy_and_replace("room_key", stream_token)
 
-        if since_token.is_after(leave_token):
+        if since_token and since_token.is_after(leave_token):
             defer.returnValue(None)
 
         batch = yield self.load_filtered_recents(
-            leave_event.room_id, sync_config, leave_token, since_token,
+            room_id, sync_config, leave_token, since_token,
         )
 
         logger.debug("Recents %r", batch)
 
         state_events_at_leave = yield self.store.get_state_for_event(
-            leave_event.event_id
+            leave_event_id
         )
 
-        state_at_previous_sync = yield self.get_state_at(
-            leave_event.room_id, stream_position=since_token
-        )
+        if not full_state:
+            state_at_previous_sync = yield self.get_state_at(
+                room_id, stream_position=since_token
+            )
 
-        state_events_delta = yield self.compute_state_delta(
-            since_token=since_token,
-            previous_state=state_at_previous_sync,
-            current_state=state_events_at_leave,
-        )
+            state_events_delta = yield self.compute_state_delta(
+                since_token=since_token,
+                previous_state=state_at_previous_sync,
+                current_state=state_events_at_leave,
+            )
+        else:
+            state_events_delta = state_events_at_leave
 
         state_events_delta = {
             (e.type, e.state_key): e
@@ -860,7 +791,7 @@ class SyncHandler(BaseHandler):
         }
 
         account_data = self.account_data_for_room(
-            leave_event.room_id, tags_by_room, account_data_by_room
+            room_id, tags_by_room, account_data_by_room
         )
 
         account_data = sync_config.filter_collection.filter_room_account_data(
@@ -868,7 +799,7 @@ class SyncHandler(BaseHandler):
         )
 
         room_sync = ArchivedSyncResult(
-            room_id=leave_event.room_id,
+            room_id=room_id,
             timeline=batch,
             state=state_events_delta,
             account_data=account_data,
diff --git a/synapse/python_dependencies.py b/synapse/python_dependencies.py
index d37dc11470..a87628ed85 100644
--- a/synapse/python_dependencies.py
+++ b/synapse/python_dependencies.py
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ REQUIREMENTS = {
     "unpaddedbase64>=1.0.1": ["unpaddedbase64>=1.0.1"],
     "canonicaljson>=1.0.0": ["canonicaljson>=1.0.0"],
     "signedjson>=1.0.0": ["signedjson>=1.0.0"],
-    "pynacl>=0.3.0": ["nacl>=0.3.0", "nacl.bindings"],
+    "pynacl==0.3.0": ["nacl==0.3.0", "nacl.bindings"],
     "service_identity>=1.0.0": ["service_identity>=1.0.0"],
     "Twisted>=15.1.0": ["twisted>=15.1.0"],
     "pyopenssl>=0.14": ["OpenSSL>=0.14"],
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v1/push_rule.py b/synapse/rest/client/v1/push_rule.py
index cb3ec23872..96633a176c 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v1/push_rule.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v1/push_rule.py
@@ -66,11 +66,12 @@ class PushRuleRestServlet(ClientV1RestServlet):
             raise SynapseError(400, e.message)
 
         before = request.args.get("before", None)
-        if before and len(before):
-            before = before[0]
+        if before:
+            before = _namespaced_rule_id(spec, before[0])
+
         after = request.args.get("after", None)
-        if after and len(after):
-            after = after[0]
+        if after:
+            after = _namespaced_rule_id(spec, after[0])
 
         try:
             yield self.hs.get_datastore().add_push_rule(
@@ -452,11 +453,15 @@ def _strip_device_condition(rule):
 
 
 def _namespaced_rule_id_from_spec(spec):
+    return _namespaced_rule_id(spec, spec['rule_id'])
+
+
+def _namespaced_rule_id(spec, rule_id):
     if spec['scope'] == 'global':
         scope = 'global'
     else:
         scope = 'device/%s' % (spec['profile_tag'])
-    return "%s/%s/%s" % (scope, spec['template'], spec['rule_id'])
+    return "%s/%s/%s" % (scope, spec['template'], rule_id)
 
 
 def _rule_id_from_namespaced(in_rule_id):
diff --git a/synapse/server.py b/synapse/server.py
index 4a5796b982..5fee7fe130 100644
--- a/synapse/server.py
+++ b/synapse/server.py
@@ -20,6 +20,8 @@
 
 # Imports required for the default HomeServer() implementation
 from twisted.web.client import BrowserLikePolicyForHTTPS
+from twisted.enterprise import adbapi
+
 from synapse.federation import initialize_http_replication
 from synapse.http.client import SimpleHttpClient,  InsecureInterceptableContextFactory
 from synapse.notifier import Notifier
@@ -36,8 +38,15 @@ from synapse.push.pusherpool import PusherPool
 from synapse.events.builder import EventBuilderFactory
 from synapse.api.filtering import Filtering
 
+from synapse.http.matrixfederationclient import MatrixFederationHttpClient
+
+import logging
+
 
-class BaseHomeServer(object):
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class HomeServer(object):
     """A basic homeserver object without lazy component builders.
 
     This will need all of the components it requires to either be passed as
@@ -98,39 +107,18 @@ class BaseHomeServer(object):
         self.hostname = hostname
         self._building = {}
 
+        self.clock = Clock()
+        self.distributor = Distributor()
+        self.ratelimiter = Ratelimiter()
+
         # Other kwargs are explicit dependencies
         for depname in kwargs:
             setattr(self, depname, kwargs[depname])
 
-    @classmethod
-    def _make_dependency_method(cls, depname):
-        def _get(self):
-            if hasattr(self, depname):
-                return getattr(self, depname)
-
-            if hasattr(self, "build_%s" % (depname)):
-                # Prevent cyclic dependencies from deadlocking
-                if depname in self._building:
-                    raise ValueError("Cyclic dependency while building %s" % (
-                        depname,
-                    ))
-                self._building[depname] = 1
-
-                builder = getattr(self, "build_%s" % (depname))
-                dep = builder()
-                setattr(self, depname, dep)
-
-                del self._building[depname]
-
-                return dep
-
-            raise NotImplementedError(
-                "%s has no %s nor a builder for it" % (
-                    type(self).__name__, depname,
-                )
-            )
-
-        setattr(BaseHomeServer, "get_%s" % (depname), _get)
+    def setup(self):
+        logger.info("Setting up.")
+        self.datastore = DataStore(self.get_db_conn(), self)
+        logger.info("Finished setting up.")
 
     def get_ip_from_request(self, request):
         # X-Forwarded-For is handled by our custom request type.
@@ -142,33 +130,9 @@ class BaseHomeServer(object):
     def is_mine_id(self, string):
         return string.split(":", 1)[1] == self.hostname
 
-# Build magic accessors for every dependency
-for depname in BaseHomeServer.DEPENDENCIES:
-    BaseHomeServer._make_dependency_method(depname)
-
-
-class HomeServer(BaseHomeServer):
-    """A homeserver object that will construct most of its dependencies as
-    required.
-
-    It still requires the following to be specified by the caller:
-        resource_for_client
-        resource_for_web_client
-        resource_for_federation
-        resource_for_content_repo
-        http_client
-        db_pool
-    """
-
-    def build_clock(self):
-        return Clock()
-
     def build_replication_layer(self):
         return initialize_http_replication(self)
 
-    def build_datastore(self):
-        return DataStore(self)
-
     def build_handlers(self):
         return Handlers(self)
 
@@ -179,10 +143,9 @@ class HomeServer(BaseHomeServer):
         return Auth(self)
 
     def build_http_client_context_factory(self):
-        config = self.get_config()
         return (
             InsecureInterceptableContextFactory()
-            if config.use_insecure_ssl_client_just_for_testing_do_not_use
+            if self.config.use_insecure_ssl_client_just_for_testing_do_not_use
             else BrowserLikePolicyForHTTPS()
         )
 
@@ -201,15 +164,9 @@ class HomeServer(BaseHomeServer):
     def build_state_handler(self):
         return StateHandler(self)
 
-    def build_distributor(self):
-        return Distributor()
-
     def build_event_sources(self):
         return EventSources(self)
 
-    def build_ratelimiter(self):
-        return Ratelimiter()
-
     def build_keyring(self):
         return Keyring(self)
 
@@ -224,3 +181,55 @@ class HomeServer(BaseHomeServer):
 
     def build_pusherpool(self):
         return PusherPool(self)
+
+    def build_http_client(self):
+        return MatrixFederationHttpClient(self)
+
+    def build_db_pool(self):
+        name = self.db_config["name"]
+
+        return adbapi.ConnectionPool(
+            name,
+            **self.db_config.get("args", {})
+        )
+
+
+def _make_dependency_method(depname):
+    def _get(hs):
+        try:
+            return getattr(hs, depname)
+        except AttributeError:
+            pass
+
+        try:
+            builder = getattr(hs, "build_%s" % (depname))
+        except AttributeError:
+            builder = None
+
+        if builder:
+            # Prevent cyclic dependencies from deadlocking
+            if depname in hs._building:
+                raise ValueError("Cyclic dependency while building %s" % (
+                    depname,
+                ))
+            hs._building[depname] = 1
+
+            dep = builder()
+            setattr(hs, depname, dep)
+
+            del hs._building[depname]
+
+            return dep
+
+        raise NotImplementedError(
+            "%s has no %s nor a builder for it" % (
+                type(hs).__name__, depname,
+            )
+        )
+
+    setattr(HomeServer, "get_%s" % (depname), _get)
+
+
+# Build magic accessors for every dependency
+for depname in HomeServer.DEPENDENCIES:
+    _make_dependency_method(depname)
diff --git a/synapse/storage/__init__.py b/synapse/storage/__init__.py
index 7a3f6c4662..eb88842308 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/__init__.py
@@ -46,6 +46,9 @@ from .tags import TagsStore
 from .account_data import AccountDataStore
 
 
+from util.id_generators import IdGenerator, StreamIdGenerator
+
+
 import logging
 
 
@@ -79,18 +82,43 @@ class DataStore(RoomMemberStore, RoomStore,
                 EventPushActionsStore
                 ):
 
-    def __init__(self, hs):
-        super(DataStore, self).__init__(hs)
+    def __init__(self, db_conn, hs):
         self.hs = hs
 
-        self.min_token_deferred = self._get_min_token()
-        self.min_token = None
+        cur = db_conn.cursor()
+        try:
+            cur.execute("SELECT MIN(stream_ordering) FROM events",)
+            rows = cur.fetchall()
+            self.min_stream_token = rows[0][0] if rows and rows[0] and rows[0][0] else -1
+            self.min_stream_token = min(self.min_stream_token, -1)
+        finally:
+            cur.close()
 
         self.client_ip_last_seen = Cache(
             name="client_ip_last_seen",
             keylen=4,
         )
 
+        self._stream_id_gen = StreamIdGenerator(
+            db_conn, "events", "stream_ordering"
+        )
+        self._receipts_id_gen = StreamIdGenerator(
+            db_conn, "receipts_linearized", "stream_id"
+        )
+        self._account_data_id_gen = StreamIdGenerator(
+            db_conn, "account_data_max_stream_id", "stream_id"
+        )
+
+        self._transaction_id_gen = IdGenerator("sent_transactions", "id", self)
+        self._state_groups_id_gen = IdGenerator("state_groups", "id", self)
+        self._access_tokens_id_gen = IdGenerator("access_tokens", "id", self)
+        self._refresh_tokens_id_gen = IdGenerator("refresh_tokens", "id", self)
+        self._pushers_id_gen = IdGenerator("pushers", "id", self)
+        self._push_rule_id_gen = IdGenerator("push_rules", "id", self)
+        self._push_rules_enable_id_gen = IdGenerator("push_rules_enable", "id", self)
+
+        super(DataStore, self).__init__(hs)
+
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def insert_client_ip(self, user, access_token, ip, user_agent):
         now = int(self._clock.time_msec())
diff --git a/synapse/storage/_base.py b/synapse/storage/_base.py
index 90d7aee94a..5e77320540 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/_base.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/_base.py
@@ -15,13 +15,11 @@
 import logging
 
 from synapse.api.errors import StoreError
-from synapse.util.logutils import log_function
 from synapse.util.logcontext import preserve_context_over_fn, LoggingContext
 from synapse.util.caches.dictionary_cache import DictionaryCache
 from synapse.util.caches.descriptors import Cache
 import synapse.metrics
 
-from util.id_generators import IdGenerator, StreamIdGenerator
 
 from twisted.internet import defer
 
@@ -175,16 +173,6 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
 
         self.database_engine = hs.database_engine
 
-        self._stream_id_gen = StreamIdGenerator("events", "stream_ordering")
-        self._transaction_id_gen = IdGenerator("sent_transactions", "id", self)
-        self._state_groups_id_gen = IdGenerator("state_groups", "id", self)
-        self._access_tokens_id_gen = IdGenerator("access_tokens", "id", self)
-        self._refresh_tokens_id_gen = IdGenerator("refresh_tokens", "id", self)
-        self._pushers_id_gen = IdGenerator("pushers", "id", self)
-        self._push_rule_id_gen = IdGenerator("push_rules", "id", self)
-        self._push_rules_enable_id_gen = IdGenerator("push_rules_enable", "id", self)
-        self._receipts_id_gen = StreamIdGenerator("receipts_linearized", "stream_id")
-
     def start_profiling(self):
         self._previous_loop_ts = self._clock.time_msec()
 
@@ -345,7 +333,8 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
 
         defer.returnValue(result)
 
-    def cursor_to_dict(self, cursor):
+    @staticmethod
+    def cursor_to_dict(cursor):
         """Converts a SQL cursor into an list of dicts.
 
         Args:
@@ -402,8 +391,8 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
             if not or_ignore:
                 raise
 
-    @log_function
-    def _simple_insert_txn(self, txn, table, values):
+    @staticmethod
+    def _simple_insert_txn(txn, table, values):
         keys, vals = zip(*values.items())
 
         sql = "INSERT INTO %s (%s) VALUES(%s)" % (
@@ -414,7 +403,8 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
 
         txn.execute(sql, vals)
 
-    def _simple_insert_many_txn(self, txn, table, values):
+    @staticmethod
+    def _simple_insert_many_txn(txn, table, values):
         if not values:
             return
 
@@ -537,9 +527,10 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
             table, keyvalues, retcol, allow_none=allow_none,
         )
 
-    def _simple_select_one_onecol_txn(self, txn, table, keyvalues, retcol,
+    @classmethod
+    def _simple_select_one_onecol_txn(cls, txn, table, keyvalues, retcol,
                                       allow_none=False):
-        ret = self._simple_select_onecol_txn(
+        ret = cls._simple_select_onecol_txn(
             txn,
             table=table,
             keyvalues=keyvalues,
@@ -554,7 +545,8 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
             else:
                 raise StoreError(404, "No row found")
 
-    def _simple_select_onecol_txn(self, txn, table, keyvalues, retcol):
+    @staticmethod
+    def _simple_select_onecol_txn(txn, table, keyvalues, retcol):
         sql = (
             "SELECT %(retcol)s FROM %(table)s WHERE %(where)s"
         ) % {
@@ -603,7 +595,8 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
             table, keyvalues, retcols
         )
 
-    def _simple_select_list_txn(self, txn, table, keyvalues, retcols):
+    @classmethod
+    def _simple_select_list_txn(cls, txn, table, keyvalues, retcols):
         """Executes a SELECT query on the named table, which may return zero or
         more rows, returning the result as a list of dicts.
 
@@ -627,7 +620,7 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
             )
             txn.execute(sql)
 
-        return self.cursor_to_dict(txn)
+        return cls.cursor_to_dict(txn)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _simple_select_many_batch(self, table, column, iterable, retcols,
@@ -662,7 +655,8 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
 
         defer.returnValue(results)
 
-    def _simple_select_many_txn(self, txn, table, column, iterable, keyvalues, retcols):
+    @classmethod
+    def _simple_select_many_txn(cls, txn, table, column, iterable, keyvalues, retcols):
         """Executes a SELECT query on the named table, which may return zero or
         more rows, returning the result as a list of dicts.
 
@@ -699,7 +693,7 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
             )
 
         txn.execute(sql, values)
-        return self.cursor_to_dict(txn)
+        return cls.cursor_to_dict(txn)
 
     def _simple_update_one(self, table, keyvalues, updatevalues,
                            desc="_simple_update_one"):
@@ -726,7 +720,8 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
             table, keyvalues, updatevalues,
         )
 
-    def _simple_update_one_txn(self, txn, table, keyvalues, updatevalues):
+    @staticmethod
+    def _simple_update_one_txn(txn, table, keyvalues, updatevalues):
         update_sql = "UPDATE %s SET %s WHERE %s" % (
             table,
             ", ".join("%s = ?" % (k,) for k in updatevalues),
@@ -743,7 +738,8 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
         if txn.rowcount > 1:
             raise StoreError(500, "More than one row matched")
 
-    def _simple_select_one_txn(self, txn, table, keyvalues, retcols,
+    @staticmethod
+    def _simple_select_one_txn(txn, table, keyvalues, retcols,
                                allow_none=False):
         select_sql = "SELECT %s FROM %s WHERE %s" % (
             ", ".join(retcols),
@@ -784,7 +780,8 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
                 raise StoreError(500, "more than one row matched")
         return self.runInteraction(desc, func)
 
-    def _simple_delete_txn(self, txn, table, keyvalues):
+    @staticmethod
+    def _simple_delete_txn(txn, table, keyvalues):
         sql = "DELETE FROM %s WHERE %s" % (
             table,
             " AND ".join("%s = ?" % (k, ) for k in keyvalues)
diff --git a/synapse/storage/account_data.py b/synapse/storage/account_data.py
index 9c6597e012..ed6587429b 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/account_data.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/account_data.py
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 # limitations under the License.
 
 from ._base import SQLBaseStore
+from synapse.util.caches.stream_change_cache import StreamChangeCache
 from twisted.internet import defer
 
 import ujson as json
@@ -23,6 +24,14 @@ logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
 class AccountDataStore(SQLBaseStore):
+    def __init__(self, hs):
+        super(AccountDataStore, self).__init__(hs)
+
+        self._account_data_stream_cache = StreamChangeCache(
+            "AccountDataAndTagsChangeCache",
+            self._account_data_id_gen.get_max_token(None),
+            max_size=10000,
+        )
 
     def get_account_data_for_user(self, user_id):
         """Get all the client account_data for a user.
@@ -83,7 +92,7 @@ class AccountDataStore(SQLBaseStore):
             "get_account_data_for_room", get_account_data_for_room_txn
         )
 
-    def get_updated_account_data_for_user(self, user_id, stream_id):
+    def get_updated_account_data_for_user(self, user_id, stream_id, room_ids=None):
         """Get all the client account_data for a that's changed.
 
         Args:
@@ -120,6 +129,12 @@ class AccountDataStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
             return (global_account_data, account_data_by_room)
 
+        changed = self._account_data_stream_cache.has_entity_changed(
+            user_id, int(stream_id)
+        )
+        if not changed:
+            return ({}, {})
+
         return self.runInteraction(
             "get_updated_account_data_for_user", get_updated_account_data_for_user_txn
         )
@@ -186,6 +201,10 @@ class AccountDataStore(SQLBaseStore):
                     "content": content_json,
                 }
             )
+            txn.call_after(
+                self._account_data_stream_cache.entity_has_changed,
+                user_id, next_id,
+            )
             self._update_max_stream_id(txn, next_id)
 
         with (yield self._account_data_id_gen.get_next(self)) as next_id:
diff --git a/synapse/storage/events.py b/synapse/storage/events.py
index ba368a3eca..5e85552029 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/events.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/events.py
@@ -66,11 +66,9 @@ class EventsStore(SQLBaseStore):
             return
 
         if backfilled:
-            if not self.min_token_deferred.called:
-                yield self.min_token_deferred
-            start = self.min_token - 1
-            self.min_token -= len(events_and_contexts) + 1
-            stream_orderings = range(start, self.min_token, -1)
+            start = self.min_stream_token - 1
+            self.min_stream_token -= len(events_and_contexts) + 1
+            stream_orderings = range(start, self.min_stream_token, -1)
 
             @contextmanager
             def stream_ordering_manager():
@@ -107,10 +105,8 @@ class EventsStore(SQLBaseStore):
                       is_new_state=True, current_state=None):
         stream_ordering = None
         if backfilled:
-            if not self.min_token_deferred.called:
-                yield self.min_token_deferred
-            self.min_token -= 1
-            stream_ordering = self.min_token
+            self.min_stream_token -= 1
+            stream_ordering = self.min_stream_token
 
         if stream_ordering is None:
             stream_ordering_manager = yield self._stream_id_gen.get_next(self)
@@ -214,6 +210,12 @@ class EventsStore(SQLBaseStore):
         for event, _ in events_and_contexts:
             txn.call_after(self._invalidate_get_event_cache, event.event_id)
 
+            if not backfilled:
+                txn.call_after(
+                    self._events_stream_cache.entity_has_changed,
+                    event.room_id, event.internal_metadata.stream_ordering,
+                )
+
         depth_updates = {}
         for event, _ in events_and_contexts:
             if event.internal_metadata.is_outlier():
diff --git a/synapse/storage/filtering.py b/synapse/storage/filtering.py
index f8fc9bdddc..5248736816 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/filtering.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/filtering.py
@@ -16,12 +16,13 @@
 from twisted.internet import defer
 
 from ._base import SQLBaseStore
+from synapse.util.caches.descriptors import cachedInlineCallbacks
 
 import simplejson as json
 
 
 class FilteringStore(SQLBaseStore):
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    @cachedInlineCallbacks(num_args=2)
     def get_user_filter(self, user_localpart, filter_id):
         def_json = yield self._simple_select_one_onecol(
             table="user_filters",
diff --git a/synapse/storage/push_rule.py b/synapse/storage/push_rule.py
index 1f51c90ee5..f9a48171ba 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/push_rule.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/push_rule.py
@@ -130,7 +130,8 @@ class PushRuleStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
     def _add_push_rule_relative_txn(self, txn, user_id, **kwargs):
         after = kwargs.pop("after", None)
-        relative_to_rule = kwargs.pop("before", after)
+        before = kwargs.pop("before", None)
+        relative_to_rule = before or after
 
         res = self._simple_select_one_txn(
             txn,
diff --git a/synapse/storage/receipts.py b/synapse/storage/receipts.py
index c4232bdc65..8068c73740 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/receipts.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/receipts.py
@@ -15,11 +15,10 @@
 
 from ._base import SQLBaseStore
 from synapse.util.caches.descriptors import cachedInlineCallbacks, cachedList, cached
-from synapse.util.caches import cache_counter, caches_by_name
+from synapse.util.caches.stream_change_cache import StreamChangeCache
 
 from twisted.internet import defer
 
-from blist import sorteddict
 import logging
 import ujson as json
 
@@ -31,7 +30,9 @@ class ReceiptsStore(SQLBaseStore):
     def __init__(self, hs):
         super(ReceiptsStore, self).__init__(hs)
 
-        self._receipts_stream_cache = _RoomStreamChangeCache()
+        self._receipts_stream_cache = StreamChangeCache(
+            "ReceiptsRoomChangeCache", self._receipts_id_gen.get_max_token(None)
+        )
 
     @cached(num_args=2)
     def get_receipts_for_room(self, room_id, receipt_type):
@@ -76,8 +77,8 @@ class ReceiptsStore(SQLBaseStore):
         room_ids = set(room_ids)
 
         if from_key:
-            room_ids = yield self._receipts_stream_cache.get_rooms_changed(
-                self, room_ids, from_key
+            room_ids = yield self._receipts_stream_cache.get_entities_changed(
+                room_ids, from_key
             )
 
         results = yield self._get_linearized_receipts_for_rooms(
@@ -220,6 +221,11 @@ class ReceiptsStore(SQLBaseStore):
         # FIXME: This shouldn't invalidate the whole cache
         txn.call_after(self.get_linearized_receipts_for_room.invalidate_all)
 
+        txn.call_after(
+            self._receipts_stream_cache.entity_has_changed,
+            room_id, stream_id
+        )
+
         # We don't want to clobber receipts for more recent events, so we
         # have to compare orderings of existing receipts
         sql = (
@@ -307,9 +313,6 @@ class ReceiptsStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
         stream_id_manager = yield self._receipts_id_gen.get_next(self)
         with stream_id_manager as stream_id:
-            yield self._receipts_stream_cache.room_has_changed(
-                self, room_id, stream_id
-            )
             have_persisted = yield self.runInteraction(
                 "insert_linearized_receipt",
                 self.insert_linearized_receipt_txn,
@@ -368,63 +371,3 @@ class ReceiptsStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 "data": json.dumps(data),
             }
         )
-
-
-class _RoomStreamChangeCache(object):
-    """Keeps track of the stream_id of the latest change in rooms.
-
-    Given a list of rooms and stream key, it will give a subset of rooms that
-    may have changed since that key. If the key is too old then the cache
-    will simply return all rooms.
-    """
-    def __init__(self, size_of_cache=10000):
-        self._size_of_cache = size_of_cache
-        self._room_to_key = {}
-        self._cache = sorteddict()
-        self._earliest_key = None
-        self.name = "ReceiptsRoomChangeCache"
-        caches_by_name[self.name] = self._cache
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def get_rooms_changed(self, store, room_ids, key):
-        """Returns subset of room ids that have had new receipts since the
-        given key. If the key is too old it will just return the given list.
-        """
-        if key > (yield self._get_earliest_key(store)):
-            keys = self._cache.keys()
-            i = keys.bisect_right(key)
-
-            result = set(
-                self._cache[k] for k in keys[i:]
-            ).intersection(room_ids)
-
-            cache_counter.inc_hits(self.name)
-        else:
-            result = room_ids
-            cache_counter.inc_misses(self.name)
-
-        defer.returnValue(result)
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def room_has_changed(self, store, room_id, key):
-        """Informs the cache that the room has been changed at the given key.
-        """
-        if key > (yield self._get_earliest_key(store)):
-            old_key = self._room_to_key.get(room_id, None)
-            if old_key:
-                key = max(key, old_key)
-                self._cache.pop(old_key, None)
-            self._cache[key] = room_id
-
-            while len(self._cache) > self._size_of_cache:
-                k, r = self._cache.popitem()
-                self._earliest_key = max(k, self._earliest_key)
-                self._room_to_key.pop(r, None)
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _get_earliest_key(self, store):
-        if self._earliest_key is None:
-            self._earliest_key = yield store.get_max_receipt_stream_id()
-            self._earliest_key = int(self._earliest_key)
-
-        defer.returnValue(self._earliest_key)
diff --git a/synapse/storage/roommember.py b/synapse/storage/roommember.py
index edfecced05..1d3e004c90 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/roommember.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/roommember.py
@@ -241,7 +241,7 @@ class RoomMemberStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
         return rows
 
-    @cached()
+    @cached(max_entries=5000)
     def get_rooms_for_user(self, user_id):
         return self.get_rooms_for_user_where_membership_is(
             user_id, membership_list=[Membership.JOIN],
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/28/events_room_stream.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/28/events_room_stream.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..200c35e6e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/28/events_room_stream.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+/* Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+CREATE INDEX events_room_stream on events(room_id, stream_ordering);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/stream.py b/synapse/storage/stream.py
index 02b1913e26..6e81d46c60 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/stream.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/stream.py
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ from twisted.internet import defer
 
 from ._base import SQLBaseStore
 from synapse.util.caches.descriptors import cachedInlineCallbacks
+from synapse.util.caches.stream_change_cache import StreamChangeCache
 from synapse.api.constants import EventTypes
 from synapse.types import RoomStreamToken
 from synapse.util.logutils import log_function
@@ -77,6 +78,12 @@ def upper_bound(token):
 
 
 class StreamStore(SQLBaseStore):
+    def __init__(self, hs):
+        super(StreamStore, self).__init__(hs)
+
+        self._events_stream_cache = StreamChangeCache(
+            "EventsRoomStreamChangeCache", self._stream_id_gen.get_max_token(None)
+        )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_appservice_room_stream(self, service, from_key, to_key, limit=0):
@@ -157,6 +164,135 @@ class StreamStore(SQLBaseStore):
         results = yield self.runInteraction("get_appservice_room_stream", f)
         defer.returnValue(results)
 
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def get_room_events_stream_for_rooms(self, room_ids, from_key, to_key, limit=0):
+        from_id = RoomStreamToken.parse_stream_token(from_key).stream
+
+        room_ids = yield self._events_stream_cache.get_entities_changed(
+            room_ids, from_id
+        )
+
+        if not room_ids:
+            defer.returnValue({})
+
+        results = {}
+        room_ids = list(room_ids)
+        for rm_ids in (room_ids[i:i+20] for i in xrange(0, len(room_ids), 20)):
+            res = yield defer.gatherResults([
+                self.get_room_events_stream_for_room(
+                    room_id, from_key, to_key, limit
+                ).addCallback(lambda r, rm: (rm, r), room_id)
+                for room_id in room_ids
+            ])
+            results.update(dict(res))
+
+        defer.returnValue(results)
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def get_room_events_stream_for_room(self, room_id, from_key, to_key, limit=0):
+        if from_key is not None:
+            from_id = RoomStreamToken.parse_stream_token(from_key).stream
+        else:
+            from_id = None
+        to_id = RoomStreamToken.parse_stream_token(to_key).stream
+
+        if from_key == to_key:
+            defer.returnValue(([], from_key))
+
+        if from_id:
+            has_changed = yield self._events_stream_cache.has_entity_changed(
+                room_id, from_id
+            )
+
+            if not has_changed:
+                defer.returnValue(([], from_key))
+
+        def f(txn):
+            if from_id is not None:
+                sql = (
+                    "SELECT event_id, stream_ordering FROM events WHERE"
+                    " room_id = ?"
+                    " AND not outlier"
+                    " AND stream_ordering > ? AND stream_ordering <= ?"
+                    " ORDER BY stream_ordering DESC LIMIT ?"
+                )
+                txn.execute(sql, (room_id, from_id, to_id, limit))
+            else:
+                sql = (
+                    "SELECT event_id, stream_ordering FROM events WHERE"
+                    " room_id = ?"
+                    " AND not outlier"
+                    " AND stream_ordering <= ?"
+                    " ORDER BY stream_ordering DESC LIMIT ?"
+                )
+                txn.execute(sql, (room_id, to_id, limit))
+
+            rows = self.cursor_to_dict(txn)
+
+            ret = self._get_events_txn(
+                txn,
+                [r["event_id"] for r in rows],
+                get_prev_content=True
+            )
+
+            self._set_before_and_after(ret, rows, topo_order=False)
+
+            ret.reverse()
+
+            if rows:
+                key = "s%d" % min(r["stream_ordering"] for r in rows)
+            else:
+                # Assume we didn't get anything because there was nothing to
+                # get.
+                key = from_key
+
+            return ret, key
+        res = yield self.runInteraction("get_room_events_stream_for_room", f)
+        defer.returnValue(res)
+
+    def get_room_changes_for_user(self, user_id, from_key, to_key):
+        if from_key is not None:
+            from_id = RoomStreamToken.parse_stream_token(from_key).stream
+        else:
+            from_id = None
+        to_id = RoomStreamToken.parse_stream_token(to_key).stream
+
+        if from_key == to_key:
+            return defer.succeed([])
+
+        def f(txn):
+            if from_id is not None:
+                sql = (
+                    "SELECT m.event_id, stream_ordering FROM events AS e,"
+                    " room_memberships AS m"
+                    " WHERE e.event_id = m.event_id"
+                    " AND m.user_id = ?"
+                    " AND e.stream_ordering > ? AND e.stream_ordering <= ?"
+                    " ORDER BY e.stream_ordering ASC"
+                )
+                txn.execute(sql, (user_id, from_id, to_id,))
+            else:
+                sql = (
+                    "SELECT m.event_id, stream_ordering FROM events AS e,"
+                    " room_memberships AS m"
+                    " WHERE e.event_id = m.event_id"
+                    " AND m.user_id = ?"
+                    " AND stream_ordering <= ?"
+                    " ORDER BY stream_ordering ASC"
+                )
+                txn.execute(sql, (user_id, to_id,))
+            rows = self.cursor_to_dict(txn)
+
+            ret = self._get_events_txn(
+                txn,
+                [r["event_id"] for r in rows],
+                get_prev_content=True
+            )
+
+            return ret
+
+        return self.runInteraction("get_room_changes_for_user", f)
+
     @log_function
     def get_room_events_stream(
         self,
@@ -174,7 +310,8 @@ class StreamStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 "SELECT c.room_id FROM history_visibility AS h"
                 " INNER JOIN current_state_events AS c"
                 " ON h.event_id = c.event_id"
-                " WHERE c.room_id IN (%s) AND h.history_visibility = 'world_readable'" % (
+                " WHERE c.room_id IN (%s)"
+                " AND h.history_visibility = 'world_readable'" % (
                     ",".join(map(lambda _: "?", room_ids))
                 )
             )
@@ -434,6 +571,18 @@ class StreamStore(SQLBaseStore):
             row["topological_ordering"], row["stream_ordering"],)
         )
 
+    def get_max_topological_token_for_stream_and_room(self, room_id, stream_key):
+        sql = (
+            "SELECT max(topological_ordering) FROM events"
+            " WHERE room_id = ? AND stream_ordering < ?"
+        )
+        return self._execute(
+            "get_max_topological_token_for_stream_and_room", None,
+            sql, room_id, stream_key,
+        ).addCallback(
+            lambda r: r[0][0] if r else 0
+        )
+
     def _get_max_topological_txn(self, txn):
         txn.execute(
             "SELECT MAX(topological_ordering) FROM events"
@@ -444,24 +593,14 @@ class StreamStore(SQLBaseStore):
         rows = txn.fetchall()
         return rows[0][0] if rows else 0
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _get_min_token(self):
-        row = yield self._execute(
-            "_get_min_token", None, "SELECT MIN(stream_ordering) FROM events"
-        )
-
-        self.min_token = row[0][0] if row and row[0] and row[0][0] else -1
-        self.min_token = min(self.min_token, -1)
-
-        logger.debug("min_token is: %s", self.min_token)
-
-        defer.returnValue(self.min_token)
-
     @staticmethod
-    def _set_before_and_after(events, rows):
+    def _set_before_and_after(events, rows, topo_order=True):
         for event, row in zip(events, rows):
             stream = row["stream_ordering"]
-            topo = event.depth
+            if topo_order:
+                topo = event.depth
+            else:
+                topo = None
             internal = event.internal_metadata
             internal.before = str(RoomStreamToken(topo, stream - 1))
             internal.after = str(RoomStreamToken(topo, stream))
diff --git a/synapse/storage/tags.py b/synapse/storage/tags.py
index ed9c91e5ea..e1a9c0c261 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/tags.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/tags.py
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@
 from ._base import SQLBaseStore
 from synapse.util.caches.descriptors import cached
 from twisted.internet import defer
-from .util.id_generators import StreamIdGenerator
 
 import ujson as json
 import logging
@@ -25,13 +24,6 @@ logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
 class TagsStore(SQLBaseStore):
-    def __init__(self, hs):
-        super(TagsStore, self).__init__(hs)
-
-        self._account_data_id_gen = StreamIdGenerator(
-            "account_data_max_stream_id", "stream_id"
-        )
-
     def get_max_account_data_stream_id(self):
         """Get the current max stream id for the private user data stream
 
@@ -87,6 +79,12 @@ class TagsStore(SQLBaseStore):
             room_ids = [row[0] for row in txn.fetchall()]
             return room_ids
 
+        changed = self._account_data_stream_cache.has_entity_changed(
+            user_id, int(stream_id)
+        )
+        if not changed:
+            defer.returnValue({})
+
         room_ids = yield self.runInteraction(
             "get_updated_tags", get_updated_tags_txn
         )
@@ -184,6 +182,11 @@ class TagsStore(SQLBaseStore):
             next_id(int): The the revision to advance to.
         """
 
+        txn.call_after(
+            self._account_data_stream_cache.entity_has_changed,
+            user_id, next_id
+        )
+
         update_max_id_sql = (
             "UPDATE account_data_max_stream_id"
             " SET stream_id = ?"
diff --git a/synapse/storage/util/id_generators.py b/synapse/storage/util/id_generators.py
index f58bf7fd2c..5c522f4ab9 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/util/id_generators.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/util/id_generators.py
@@ -72,28 +72,24 @@ class StreamIdGenerator(object):
         with stream_id_gen.get_next_txn(txn) as stream_id:
             # ... persist event ...
     """
-    def __init__(self, table, column):
+    def __init__(self, db_conn, table, column):
         self.table = table
         self.column = column
 
         self._lock = threading.Lock()
 
-        self._current_max = None
+        cur = db_conn.cursor()
+        self._current_max = self._get_or_compute_current_max(cur)
+        cur.close()
+
         self._unfinished_ids = deque()
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_next(self, store):
         """
         Usage:
             with yield stream_id_gen.get_next as stream_id:
                 # ... persist event ...
         """
-        if not self._current_max:
-            yield store.runInteraction(
-                "_compute_current_max",
-                self._get_or_compute_current_max,
-            )
-
         with self._lock:
             self._current_max += 1
             next_id = self._current_max
@@ -108,21 +104,14 @@ class StreamIdGenerator(object):
                 with self._lock:
                     self._unfinished_ids.remove(next_id)
 
-        defer.returnValue(manager())
+        return manager()
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_next_mult(self, store, n):
         """
         Usage:
             with yield stream_id_gen.get_next(store, n) as stream_ids:
                 # ... persist events ...
         """
-        if not self._current_max:
-            yield store.runInteraction(
-                "_compute_current_max",
-                self._get_or_compute_current_max,
-            )
-
         with self._lock:
             next_ids = range(self._current_max + 1, self._current_max + n + 1)
             self._current_max += n
@@ -139,24 +128,17 @@ class StreamIdGenerator(object):
                     for next_id in next_ids:
                         self._unfinished_ids.remove(next_id)
 
-        defer.returnValue(manager())
+        return manager()
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_max_token(self, store):
         """Returns the maximum stream id such that all stream ids less than or
         equal to it have been successfully persisted.
         """
-        if not self._current_max:
-            yield store.runInteraction(
-                "_compute_current_max",
-                self._get_or_compute_current_max,
-            )
-
         with self._lock:
             if self._unfinished_ids:
-                defer.returnValue(self._unfinished_ids[0] - 1)
+                return self._unfinished_ids[0] - 1
 
-            defer.returnValue(self._current_max)
+            return self._current_max
 
     def _get_or_compute_current_max(self, txn):
         with self._lock:
diff --git a/synapse/util/caches/lrucache.py b/synapse/util/caches/lrucache.py
index e6a66dc041..f7423f2fab 100644
--- a/synapse/util/caches/lrucache.py
+++ b/synapse/util/caches/lrucache.py
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ class LruCache(object):
     """
     def __init__(self, max_size, keylen=1, cache_type=dict):
         cache = cache_type()
-        self.size = 0
+        self.cache = cache  # Used for introspection.
         list_root = []
         list_root[:] = [list_root, list_root, None, None]
 
@@ -60,7 +60,6 @@ class LruCache(object):
             prev_node[NEXT] = node
             next_node[PREV] = node
             cache[key] = node
-            self.size += 1
 
         def move_node_to_front(node):
             prev_node = node[PREV]
@@ -79,7 +78,6 @@ class LruCache(object):
             next_node = node[NEXT]
             prev_node[NEXT] = next_node
             next_node[PREV] = prev_node
-            self.size -= 1
 
         @synchronized
         def cache_get(key, default=None):
@@ -98,7 +96,7 @@ class LruCache(object):
                 node[VALUE] = value
             else:
                 add_node(key, value)
-                if self.size > max_size:
+                if len(cache) > max_size:
                     todelete = list_root[PREV]
                     delete_node(todelete)
                     cache.pop(todelete[KEY], None)
@@ -110,7 +108,7 @@ class LruCache(object):
                 return node[VALUE]
             else:
                 add_node(key, value)
-                if self.size > max_size:
+                if len(cache) > max_size:
                     todelete = list_root[PREV]
                     delete_node(todelete)
                     cache.pop(todelete[KEY], None)
@@ -145,7 +143,7 @@ class LruCache(object):
 
         @synchronized
         def cache_len():
-            return self.size
+            return len(cache)
 
         @synchronized
         def cache_contains(key):
diff --git a/synapse/util/caches/stream_change_cache.py b/synapse/util/caches/stream_change_cache.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c673b1bdfc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/util/caches/stream_change_cache.py
@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+from synapse.util.caches import cache_counter, caches_by_name
+
+
+from blist import sorteddict
+import logging
+
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class StreamChangeCache(object):
+    """Keeps track of the stream positions of the latest change in a set of entities.
+
+    Typically the entity will be a room or user id.
+
+    Given a list of entities and a stream position, it will give a subset of
+    entities that may have changed since that position. If position key is too
+    old then the cache will simply return all given entities.
+    """
+    def __init__(self, name, current_stream_pos, max_size=10000):
+        self._max_size = max_size
+        self._entity_to_key = {}
+        self._cache = sorteddict()
+        self._earliest_known_stream_pos = current_stream_pos
+        self.name = name
+        caches_by_name[self.name] = self._cache
+
+    def has_entity_changed(self, entity, stream_pos):
+        """Returns True if the entity may have been updated since stream_pos
+        """
+        assert type(stream_pos) is int
+
+        if stream_pos < self._earliest_known_stream_pos:
+            cache_counter.inc_misses(self.name)
+            return True
+
+        if stream_pos == self._earliest_known_stream_pos:
+            # If the same as the earliest key, assume nothing has changed.
+            cache_counter.inc_hits(self.name)
+            return False
+
+        latest_entity_change_pos = self._entity_to_key.get(entity, None)
+        if latest_entity_change_pos is None:
+            cache_counter.inc_misses(self.name)
+            return True
+
+        if stream_pos < latest_entity_change_pos:
+            cache_counter.inc_misses(self.name)
+            return True
+
+        cache_counter.inc_hits(self.name)
+        return False
+
+    def get_entities_changed(self, entities, stream_pos):
+        """Returns subset of entities that have had new things since the
+        given position. If the position is too old it will just return the given list.
+        """
+        assert type(stream_pos) is int
+
+        if stream_pos >= self._earliest_known_stream_pos:
+            keys = self._cache.keys()
+            i = keys.bisect_right(stream_pos)
+
+            result = set(
+                self._cache[k] for k in keys[i:]
+            ).intersection(entities)
+
+            cache_counter.inc_hits(self.name)
+        else:
+            result = entities
+            cache_counter.inc_misses(self.name)
+
+        return result
+
+    def entity_has_changed(self, entity, stream_pos):
+        """Informs the cache that the entity has been changed at the given
+        position.
+        """
+        assert type(stream_pos) is int
+
+        if stream_pos > self._earliest_known_stream_pos:
+            old_pos = self._entity_to_key.get(entity, None)
+            if old_pos:
+                stream_pos = max(stream_pos, old_pos)
+                self._cache.pop(old_pos, None)
+            self._cache[stream_pos] = entity
+            self._entity_to_key[entity] = stream_pos
+
+            while len(self._cache) > self._max_size:
+                k, r = self._cache.popitem()
+                self._earliest_known_stream_pos = max(k, self._earliest_known_stream_pos)
+                self._entity_to_key.pop(r, None)
diff --git a/synapse/util/caches/treecache.py b/synapse/util/caches/treecache.py
index 3b58860910..29d02f7e95 100644
--- a/synapse/util/caches/treecache.py
+++ b/synapse/util/caches/treecache.py
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ class TreeCache(object):
     Keys must be tuples.
     """
     def __init__(self):
+        self.size = 0
         self.root = {}
 
     def __setitem__(self, key, value):
@@ -20,7 +21,8 @@ class TreeCache(object):
         node = self.root
         for k in key[:-1]:
             node = node.setdefault(k, {})
-        node[key[-1]] = value
+        node[key[-1]] = _Entry(value)
+        self.size += 1
 
     def get(self, key, default=None):
         node = self.root
@@ -28,9 +30,10 @@ class TreeCache(object):
             node = node.get(k, None)
             if node is None:
                 return default
-        return node.get(key[-1], default)
+        return node.get(key[-1], _Entry(default)).value
 
     def clear(self):
+        self.size = 0
         self.root = {}
 
     def pop(self, key, default=None):
@@ -57,4 +60,33 @@ class TreeCache(object):
                 break
             node_and_keys[i+1][0].pop(k)
 
+        popped, cnt = _strip_and_count_entires(popped)
+        self.size -= cnt
         return popped
+
+    def __len__(self):
+        return self.size
+
+
+class _Entry(object):
+    __slots__ = ["value"]
+
+    def __init__(self, value):
+        self.value = value
+
+
+def _strip_and_count_entires(d):
+    """Takes an _Entry or dict with leaves of _Entry's, and either returns the
+    value or a dictionary with _Entry's replaced by their values.
+
+    Also returns the count of _Entry's
+    """
+    if isinstance(d, dict):
+        cnt = 0
+        for key, value in d.items():
+            v, n = _strip_and_count_entires(value)
+            d[key] = v
+            cnt += n
+        return d, cnt
+    else:
+        return d.value, 1
diff --git a/tests/api/test_filtering.py b/tests/api/test_filtering.py
index 1a4e439d30..ceb0089268 100644
--- a/tests/api/test_filtering.py
+++ b/tests/api/test_filtering.py
@@ -382,19 +382,20 @@ class FilteringTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
                 "types": ["m.*"]
             }
         }
-        user = UserID.from_string("@" + user_localpart + ":test")
+
         filter_id = yield self.datastore.add_user_filter(
-            user_localpart=user_localpart,
+            user_localpart=user_localpart + "2",
             user_filter=user_filter_json,
         )
         event = MockEvent(
+            event_id="$asdasd:localhost",
             sender="@foo:bar",
             type="custom.avatar.3d.crazy",
         )
         events = [event]
 
         user_filter = yield self.filtering.get_user_filter(
-            user_localpart=user_localpart,
+            user_localpart=user_localpart + "2",
             filter_id=filter_id,
         )
 
diff --git a/tests/federation/__init__.py b/tests/federation/__init__.py
deleted file mode 100644
index e69de29bb2..0000000000
--- a/tests/federation/__init__.py
+++ /dev/null
diff --git a/tests/federation/test_federation.py b/tests/federation/test_federation.py
deleted file mode 100644
index f2c2ee4127..0000000000
--- a/tests/federation/test_federation.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,303 +0,0 @@
-# Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-
-# trial imports
-from twisted.internet import defer
-from tests import unittest
-
-# python imports
-from mock import Mock, ANY
-
-from ..utils import MockHttpResource, MockClock, setup_test_homeserver
-
-from synapse.federation import initialize_http_replication
-from synapse.events import FrozenEvent
-
-
-def make_pdu(prev_pdus=[], **kwargs):
-    """Provide some default fields for making a PduTuple."""
-    pdu_fields = {
-        "state_key": None,
-        "prev_events": prev_pdus,
-    }
-    pdu_fields.update(kwargs)
-
-    return FrozenEvent(pdu_fields)
-
-
-class FederationTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def setUp(self):
-        self.mock_resource = MockHttpResource()
-        self.mock_http_client = Mock(spec=[
-            "get_json",
-            "put_json",
-        ])
-        self.mock_persistence = Mock(spec=[
-            "prep_send_transaction",
-            "delivered_txn",
-            "get_received_txn_response",
-            "set_received_txn_response",
-            "get_destination_retry_timings",
-            "get_auth_chain",
-        ])
-        self.mock_persistence.get_received_txn_response.return_value = (
-            defer.succeed(None)
-        )
-
-        retry_timings_res = {
-            "destination": "",
-            "retry_last_ts": 0,
-            "retry_interval": 0,
-        }
-        self.mock_persistence.get_destination_retry_timings.return_value = (
-            defer.succeed(retry_timings_res)
-        )
-        self.mock_persistence.get_auth_chain.return_value = []
-        self.clock = MockClock()
-        hs = yield setup_test_homeserver(
-            resource_for_federation=self.mock_resource,
-            http_client=self.mock_http_client,
-            datastore=self.mock_persistence,
-            clock=self.clock,
-            keyring=Mock(),
-        )
-        self.federation = initialize_http_replication(hs)
-        self.distributor = hs.get_distributor()
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def test_get_state(self):
-        mock_handler = Mock(spec=[
-            "get_state_for_pdu",
-        ])
-
-        self.federation.set_handler(mock_handler)
-
-        mock_handler.get_state_for_pdu.return_value = defer.succeed([])
-
-        # Empty context initially
-        (code, response) = yield self.mock_resource.trigger(
-            "GET",
-            "/_matrix/federation/v1/state/my-context/",
-            None
-        )
-        self.assertEquals(200, code)
-        self.assertFalse(response["pdus"])
-
-        # Now lets give the context some state
-        mock_handler.get_state_for_pdu.return_value = (
-            defer.succeed([
-                make_pdu(
-                    event_id="the-pdu-id",
-                    origin="red",
-                    user_id="@a:red",
-                    room_id="my-context",
-                    type="m.topic",
-                    origin_server_ts=123456789000,
-                    depth=1,
-                    content={"topic": "The topic"},
-                    state_key="",
-                    power_level=1000,
-                    prev_state="last-pdu-id",
-                ),
-            ])
-        )
-
-        (code, response) = yield self.mock_resource.trigger(
-            "GET",
-            "/_matrix/federation/v1/state/my-context/",
-            None
-        )
-        self.assertEquals(200, code)
-        self.assertEquals(1, len(response["pdus"]))
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def test_get_pdu(self):
-        mock_handler = Mock(spec=[
-            "get_persisted_pdu",
-        ])
-
-        self.federation.set_handler(mock_handler)
-
-        mock_handler.get_persisted_pdu.return_value = (
-            defer.succeed(None)
-        )
-
-        (code, response) = yield self.mock_resource.trigger(
-            "GET",
-            "/_matrix/federation/v1/event/abc123def456/",
-            None
-        )
-        self.assertEquals(404, code)
-
-        # Now insert such a PDU
-        mock_handler.get_persisted_pdu.return_value = (
-            defer.succeed(
-                make_pdu(
-                    event_id="abc123def456",
-                    origin="red",
-                    user_id="@a:red",
-                    room_id="my-context",
-                    type="m.text",
-                    origin_server_ts=123456789001,
-                    depth=1,
-                    content={"text": "Here is the message"},
-                )
-            )
-        )
-
-        (code, response) = yield self.mock_resource.trigger(
-            "GET",
-            "/_matrix/federation/v1/event/abc123def456/",
-            None
-        )
-        self.assertEquals(200, code)
-        self.assertEquals(1, len(response["pdus"]))
-        self.assertEquals("m.text", response["pdus"][0]["type"])
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def test_send_pdu(self):
-        self.mock_http_client.put_json.return_value = defer.succeed(
-            (200, "OK")
-        )
-
-        pdu = make_pdu(
-            event_id="abc123def456",
-            origin="red",
-            user_id="@a:red",
-            room_id="my-context",
-            type="m.text",
-            origin_server_ts=123456789001,
-            depth=1,
-            content={"text": "Here is the message"},
-        )
-
-        yield self.federation.send_pdu(pdu, ["remote"])
-
-        self.mock_http_client.put_json.assert_called_with(
-            "remote",
-            path="/_matrix/federation/v1/send/1000000/",
-            data={
-                "origin_server_ts": 1000000,
-                "origin": "test",
-                "pdus": [
-                    pdu.get_pdu_json(),
-                ],
-                'pdu_failures': [],
-            },
-            json_data_callback=ANY,
-            long_retries=True,
-        )
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def test_send_edu(self):
-        self.mock_http_client.put_json.return_value = defer.succeed(
-            (200, "OK")
-        )
-
-        yield self.federation.send_edu(
-            destination="remote",
-            edu_type="m.test",
-            content={"testing": "content here"},
-        )
-
-        # MockClock ensures we can guess these timestamps
-        self.mock_http_client.put_json.assert_called_with(
-            "remote",
-            path="/_matrix/federation/v1/send/1000000/",
-            data={
-                "origin": "test",
-                "origin_server_ts": 1000000,
-                "pdus": [],
-                "edus": [
-                    {
-                        "edu_type": "m.test",
-                        "content": {"testing": "content here"},
-                    }
-                ],
-                'pdu_failures': [],
-            },
-            json_data_callback=ANY,
-            long_retries=True,
-        )
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def test_recv_edu(self):
-        recv_observer = Mock()
-        recv_observer.return_value = defer.succeed(())
-
-        self.federation.register_edu_handler("m.test", recv_observer)
-
-        yield self.mock_resource.trigger(
-            "PUT",
-            "/_matrix/federation/v1/send/1001000/",
-            """{
-                "origin": "remote",
-                "origin_server_ts": 1001000,
-                "pdus": [],
-                "edus": [
-                    {
-                        "origin": "remote",
-                        "destination": "test",
-                        "edu_type": "m.test",
-                        "content": {"testing": "reply here"}
-                    }
-                ]
-            }"""
-        )
-
-        recv_observer.assert_called_with(
-            "remote", {"testing": "reply here"}
-        )
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def test_send_query(self):
-        self.mock_http_client.get_json.return_value = defer.succeed(
-            {"your": "response"}
-        )
-
-        response = yield self.federation.make_query(
-            destination="remote",
-            query_type="a-question",
-            args={"one": "1", "two": "2"},
-        )
-
-        self.assertEquals({"your": "response"}, response)
-
-        self.mock_http_client.get_json.assert_called_with(
-            destination="remote",
-            path="/_matrix/federation/v1/query/a-question",
-            args={"one": "1", "two": "2"},
-            retry_on_dns_fail=True,
-        )
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def test_recv_query(self):
-        recv_handler = Mock()
-        recv_handler.return_value = defer.succeed({"another": "response"})
-
-        self.federation.register_query_handler("a-question", recv_handler)
-
-        code, response = yield self.mock_resource.trigger(
-            "GET",
-            "/_matrix/federation/v1/query/a-question?three=3&four=4",
-            None
-        )
-
-        self.assertEquals(200, code)
-        self.assertEquals({"another": "response"}, response)
-
-        recv_handler.assert_called_with(
-            {"three": "3", "four": "4"}
-        )
diff --git a/tests/rest/client/v1/test_presence.py b/tests/rest/client/v1/test_presence.py
index 90b911f879..8d7cfd79ab 100644
--- a/tests/rest/client/v1/test_presence.py
+++ b/tests/rest/client/v1/test_presence.py
@@ -280,6 +280,15 @@ class PresenceEventStreamTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         }
         EventSources.SOURCE_TYPES["presence"] = PresenceEventSource
 
+        clock = Mock(spec=[
+            "call_later",
+            "cancel_call_later",
+            "time_msec",
+            "looping_call",
+        ])
+
+        clock.time_msec.return_value = 1000000
+
         hs = yield setup_test_homeserver(
             http_client=None,
             resource_for_client=self.mock_resource,
@@ -289,16 +298,9 @@ class PresenceEventStreamTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
                 "get_presence_list",
                 "get_rooms_for_user",
             ]),
-            clock=Mock(spec=[
-                "call_later",
-                "cancel_call_later",
-                "time_msec",
-                "looping_call",
-            ]),
+            clock=clock,
         )
 
-        hs.get_clock().time_msec.return_value = 1000000
-
         def _get_user_by_req(req=None, allow_guest=False):
             return Requester(UserID.from_string(myid), "", False)
 
diff --git a/tests/rest/client/v1/test_rooms.py b/tests/rest/client/v1/test_rooms.py
index cd03106e88..ad5dd3bd6e 100644
--- a/tests/rest/client/v1/test_rooms.py
+++ b/tests/rest/client/v1/test_rooms.py
@@ -1045,8 +1045,13 @@ class RoomMessageListTestCase(RestTestCase):
         self.assertTrue("end" in response)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def test_stream_token_is_rejected(self):
+    def test_stream_token_is_accepted_for_fwd_pagianation(self):
+        token = "s0_0_0_0_0"
         (code, response) = yield self.mock_resource.trigger_get(
-            "/rooms/%s/messages?access_token=x&from=s0_0_0_0" %
-            self.room_id)
-        self.assertEquals(400, code)
+            "/rooms/%s/messages?access_token=x&from=%s" %
+            (self.room_id, token))
+        self.assertEquals(200, code)
+        self.assertTrue("start" in response)
+        self.assertEquals(token, response['start'])
+        self.assertTrue("chunk" in response)
+        self.assertTrue("end" in response)
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_appservice.py b/tests/storage/test_appservice.py
index 5abecdf6e0..ed8af10d87 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_appservice.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_appservice.py
@@ -439,7 +439,7 @@ class ApplicationServiceStoreConfigTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         f2 = self._write_config(suffix="2")
 
         config = Mock(app_service_config_files=[f1, f2])
-        hs = yield setup_test_homeserver(config=config)
+        hs = yield setup_test_homeserver(config=config, datastore=Mock())
 
         ApplicationServiceStore(hs)
 
@@ -449,7 +449,7 @@ class ApplicationServiceStoreConfigTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         f2 = self._write_config(id="id", suffix="2")
 
         config = Mock(app_service_config_files=[f1, f2])
-        hs = yield setup_test_homeserver(config=config)
+        hs = yield setup_test_homeserver(config=config, datastore=Mock())
 
         with self.assertRaises(ConfigError) as cm:
             ApplicationServiceStore(hs)
@@ -465,7 +465,7 @@ class ApplicationServiceStoreConfigTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         f2 = self._write_config(as_token="as_token", suffix="2")
 
         config = Mock(app_service_config_files=[f1, f2])
-        hs = yield setup_test_homeserver(config=config)
+        hs = yield setup_test_homeserver(config=config, datastore=Mock())
 
         with self.assertRaises(ConfigError) as cm:
             ApplicationServiceStore(hs)
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_registration.py b/tests/storage/test_registration.py
index a35efcc71e..7b3b4c13bc 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_registration.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_registration.py
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@ from tests import unittest
 from twisted.internet import defer
 
 from synapse.api.errors import StoreError
-from synapse.storage.registration import RegistrationStore
 from synapse.util import stringutils
 
 from tests.utils import setup_test_homeserver
@@ -31,7 +30,7 @@ class RegistrationStoreTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         hs = yield setup_test_homeserver()
         self.db_pool = hs.get_db_pool()
 
-        self.store = RegistrationStore(hs)
+        self.store = hs.get_datastore()
 
         self.user_id = "@my-user:test"
         self.tokens = ["AbCdEfGhIjKlMnOpQrStUvWxYz",
diff --git a/tests/test_types.py b/tests/test_types.py
index b9534329e6..24d61dbe54 100644
--- a/tests/test_types.py
+++ b/tests/test_types.py
@@ -16,10 +16,10 @@
 from tests import unittest
 
 from synapse.api.errors import SynapseError
-from synapse.server import BaseHomeServer
+from synapse.server import HomeServer
 from synapse.types import UserID, RoomAlias
 
-mock_homeserver = BaseHomeServer(hostname="my.domain")
+mock_homeserver = HomeServer(hostname="my.domain")
 
 
 class UserIDTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
@@ -34,7 +34,6 @@ class UserIDTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         with self.assertRaises(SynapseError):
             UserID.from_string("")
 
-
     def test_build(self):
         user = UserID("5678efgh", "my.domain")
 
diff --git a/tests/util/test_lrucache.py b/tests/util/test_lrucache.py
index 2cd3d26454..bab366fb7f 100644
--- a/tests/util/test_lrucache.py
+++ b/tests/util/test_lrucache.py
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ from .. import unittest
 from synapse.util.caches.lrucache import LruCache
 from synapse.util.caches.treecache import TreeCache
 
+
 class LruCacheTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_get_set(self):
@@ -72,3 +73,9 @@ class LruCacheTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEquals(cache.get(("vehicles", "car")), "vroom")
         self.assertEquals(cache.get(("vehicles", "train")), "chuff")
         # Man from del_multi say "Yes".
+
+    def test_clear(self):
+        cache = LruCache(1)
+        cache["key"] = 1
+        cache.clear()
+        self.assertEquals(len(cache), 0)
diff --git a/tests/util/test_treecache.py b/tests/util/test_treecache.py
index 9946ceb3f1..1efbeb6b33 100644
--- a/tests/util/test_treecache.py
+++ b/tests/util/test_treecache.py
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ class TreeCacheTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         cache[("b",)] = "B"
         self.assertEquals(cache.get(("a",)), "A")
         self.assertEquals(cache.get(("b",)), "B")
+        self.assertEquals(len(cache), 2)
 
     def test_pop_onelevel(self):
         cache = TreeCache()
@@ -33,6 +34,7 @@ class TreeCacheTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEquals(cache.pop(("a",)), "A")
         self.assertEquals(cache.pop(("a",)), None)
         self.assertEquals(cache.get(("b",)), "B")
+        self.assertEquals(len(cache), 1)
 
     def test_get_set_twolevel(self):
         cache = TreeCache()
@@ -42,6 +44,7 @@ class TreeCacheTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEquals(cache.get(("a", "a")), "AA")
         self.assertEquals(cache.get(("a", "b")), "AB")
         self.assertEquals(cache.get(("b", "a")), "BA")
+        self.assertEquals(len(cache), 3)
 
     def test_pop_twolevel(self):
         cache = TreeCache()
@@ -53,6 +56,7 @@ class TreeCacheTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEquals(cache.get(("a", "b")), "AB")
         self.assertEquals(cache.pop(("b", "a")), "BA")
         self.assertEquals(cache.pop(("b", "a")), None)
+        self.assertEquals(len(cache), 1)
 
     def test_pop_mixedlevel(self):
         cache = TreeCache()
@@ -64,3 +68,11 @@ class TreeCacheTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEquals(cache.get(("a", "a")), None)
         self.assertEquals(cache.get(("a", "b")), None)
         self.assertEquals(cache.get(("b", "a")), "BA")
+        self.assertEquals(len(cache), 1)
+
+    def test_clear(self):
+        cache = TreeCache()
+        cache[("a",)] = "A"
+        cache[("b",)] = "B"
+        cache.clear()
+        self.assertEquals(len(cache), 0)
diff --git a/tests/utils.py b/tests/utils.py
index 358b5b72b7..43cc2b30cd 100644
--- a/tests/utils.py
+++ b/tests/utils.py
@@ -19,6 +19,8 @@ from synapse.api.constants import EventTypes
 from synapse.storage.prepare_database import prepare_database
 from synapse.storage.engines import create_engine
 from synapse.server import HomeServer
+from synapse.federation.transport import server
+from synapse.util.ratelimitutils import FederationRateLimiter
 
 from synapse.util.logcontext import LoggingContext
 
@@ -58,8 +60,10 @@ def setup_test_homeserver(name="test", datastore=None, config=None, **kargs):
             name, db_pool=db_pool, config=config,
             version_string="Synapse/tests",
             database_engine=create_engine("sqlite3"),
+            get_db_conn=db_pool.get_db_conn,
             **kargs
         )
+        hs.setup()
     else:
         hs = HomeServer(
             name, db_pool=None, datastore=datastore, config=config,
@@ -80,6 +84,22 @@ def setup_test_homeserver(name="test", datastore=None, config=None, **kargs):
 
     hs.build_handlers = swap_out_hash_for_testing(hs.build_handlers)
 
+    fed = kargs.get("resource_for_federation", None)
+    if fed:
+        server.register_servlets(
+            hs,
+            resource=fed,
+            authenticator=server.Authenticator(hs),
+            ratelimiter=FederationRateLimiter(
+                hs.get_clock(),
+                window_size=hs.config.federation_rc_window_size,
+                sleep_limit=hs.config.federation_rc_sleep_limit,
+                sleep_msec=hs.config.federation_rc_sleep_delay,
+                reject_limit=hs.config.federation_rc_reject_limit,
+                concurrent_requests=hs.config.federation_rc_concurrent
+            ),
+        )
+
     defer.returnValue(hs)
 
 
@@ -262,6 +282,12 @@ class SQLiteMemoryDbPool(ConnectionPool, object):
             lambda conn: prepare_database(conn, engine)
         )
 
+    def get_db_conn(self):
+        conn = self.connect()
+        engine = create_engine("sqlite3")
+        prepare_database(conn, engine)
+        return conn
+
 
 class MemoryDataStore(object):