summary refs log tree commit diff
diff options
context:
space:
mode:
-rw-r--r--.github/workflows/latest_deps.yml23
-rw-r--r--.github/workflows/release-artifacts.yml1
-rw-r--r--.github/workflows/twisted_trunk.yml24
-rw-r--r--changelog.d/14213.misc1
-rw-r--r--changelog.d/15388.feature1
-rw-r--r--changelog.d/15450.feature1
-rw-r--r--changelog.d/15520.feature1
-rw-r--r--changelog.d/15582.feature1
-rw-r--r--changelog.d/15649.misc1
-rw-r--r--changelog.d/15650.misc1
-rw-r--r--changelog.d/15674.feature1
-rw-r--r--changelog.d/15675.misc1
-rw-r--r--changelog.d/15689.misc1
-rw-r--r--changelog.d/15690.misc1
-rw-r--r--changelog.d/15694.misc1
-rw-r--r--changelog.d/15697.misc1
-rw-r--r--changelog.d/15705.feature1
-rw-r--r--changelog.d/15709.misc1
-rw-r--r--changelog.d/15721.misc1
-rw-r--r--changelog.d/15723.misc1
-rw-r--r--changelog.d/15725.misc1
-rw-r--r--changelog.d/15726.misc1
-rw-r--r--changelog.d/15729.misc1
-rw-r--r--changelog.d/15731.misc1
-rw-r--r--contrib/grafana/synapse.json1068
-rw-r--r--docker/Dockerfile6
-rw-r--r--docker/Dockerfile-dhvirtualenv4
-rw-r--r--docker/Dockerfile-workers4
-rw-r--r--docker/README.md3
-rw-r--r--docker/complement/Dockerfile5
-rw-r--r--docker/conf/log.config30
-rwxr-xr-xdocker/configure_workers_and_start.py3
-rw-r--r--docker/editable.Dockerfile2
-rw-r--r--docs/usage/configuration/config_documentation.md65
-rw-r--r--mypy.ini26
-rw-r--r--poetry.lock56
-rw-r--r--pyproject.toml1
-rw-r--r--rust/benches/evaluator.rs3
-rw-r--r--rust/src/push/base_rules.rs8
-rw-r--r--rust/src/push/evaluator.rs10
-rw-r--r--rust/src/push/mod.rs7
-rwxr-xr-xscripts-dev/build_debian_packages.py2
-rwxr-xr-xscripts-dev/complement.sh4
-rw-r--r--stubs/synapse/synapse_rust/push.pyi1
-rw-r--r--synapse/api/auth/__init__.py175
-rw-r--r--synapse/api/auth/base.py (renamed from synapse/api/auth.py)471
-rw-r--r--synapse/api/auth/internal.py291
-rw-r--r--synapse/api/auth/msc3861_delegated.py352
-rw-r--r--synapse/api/constants.py2
-rw-r--r--synapse/api/errors.py28
-rw-r--r--synapse/api/filtering.py4
-rw-r--r--synapse/config/auth.py19
-rw-r--r--synapse/config/experimental.py230
-rw-r--r--synapse/events/validator.py9
-rw-r--r--synapse/federation/federation_server.py9
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/account_validity.py2
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/admin.py2
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/auth.py10
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/deactivate_account.py2
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/federation.py17
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/oidc.py2
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/pagination.py4
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/presence.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/profile.py26
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/read_marker.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/register.py2
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/relations.py16
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/room.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/stats.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/http/matrixfederationclient.py11
-rw-r--r--synapse/http/server.py20
-rw-r--r--synapse/logging/opentracing.py37
-rw-r--r--synapse/media/oembed.py32
-rw-r--r--synapse/media/preview_html.py79
-rw-r--r--synapse/module_api/__init__.py38
-rw-r--r--synapse/push/bulk_push_rule_evaluator.py8
-rw-r--r--synapse/push/mailer.py2
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/admin/__init__.py21
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/admin/users.py8
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/account.py24
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/capabilities.py3
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/devices.py11
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/filter.py2
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/keys.py30
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/login.py34
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/login_token_request.py47
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/logout.py3
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/register.py72
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/sync.py2
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/versions.py6
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/media/upload_resource.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/synapse/client/__init__.py6
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/synapse/client/jwks.py70
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/well_known.py10
-rw-r--r--synapse/server.py7
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/controllers/state.py2
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/databases/main/devices.py4
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/databases/main/end_to_end_keys.py67
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/databases/main/filtering.py12
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/databases/main/profile.py12
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/databases/main/push_rule.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/databases/main/relations.py30
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/databases/main/roommember.py7
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/databases/main/user_directory.py12
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/schema/__init__.py5
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/schema/main/delta/78/01_validate_and_update_profiles.py92
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/schema/main/delta/78/02_validate_and_update_user_filters.py95
-rw-r--r--synapse/types/__init__.py8
-rw-r--r--synapse/util/__init__.py4
-rw-r--r--synapse/util/async_helpers.py2
-rw-r--r--synapse/util/caches/lrucache.py6
-rw-r--r--synapse/visibility.py14
-rw-r--r--tests/api/test_auth.py6
-rw-r--r--tests/api/test_filtering.py25
-rw-r--r--tests/config/test_oauth_delegation.py257
-rw-r--r--tests/handlers/test_oauth_delegation.py664
-rw-r--r--tests/handlers/test_profile.py28
-rw-r--r--tests/handlers/test_register.py4
-rw-r--r--tests/logging/test_opentracing.py43
-rw-r--r--tests/media/test_html_preview.py18
-rw-r--r--tests/media/test_oembed.py2
-rw-r--r--tests/media/test_url_previewer.py2
-rw-r--r--tests/module_api/test_api.py6
-rw-r--r--tests/push/test_bulk_push_rule_evaluator.py34
-rw-r--r--tests/rest/admin/test_jwks.py106
-rw-r--r--tests/rest/client/test_capabilities.py28
-rw-r--r--tests/rest/client/test_filter.py4
-rw-r--r--tests/rest/client/test_login.py23
-rw-r--r--tests/rest/client/test_login_token_request.py71
-rw-r--r--tests/rest/client/test_redactions.py104
-rw-r--r--tests/rest/media/test_url_preview.py2
-rw-r--r--tests/rest/test_well_known.py41
-rw-r--r--tests/server.py2
-rw-r--r--tests/storage/test_profile.py17
-rw-r--r--tests/test_state.py4
-rw-r--r--tests/test_utils/__init__.py4
-rw-r--r--tests/test_utils/logging_setup.py12
137 files changed, 4548 insertions, 970 deletions
diff --git a/.github/workflows/latest_deps.yml b/.github/workflows/latest_deps.yml
index 452600ba16..ec6391cf8f 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/latest_deps.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/latest_deps.yml
@@ -22,7 +22,21 @@ concurrency:
   cancel-in-progress: true
 
 jobs:
+  check_repo:
+    # Prevent this workflow from running on any fork of Synapse other than matrix-org/synapse, as it is
+    # only useful to the Synapse core team.
+    # All other workflow steps depend on this one, thus if 'should_run_workflow' is not 'true', the rest
+    # of the workflow will be skipped as well.
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    outputs:
+      should_run_workflow: ${{ steps.check_condition.outputs.should_run_workflow }}
+    steps:
+      - id: check_condition
+        run: echo "should_run_workflow=${{ github.repository == 'matrix-org/synapse' }}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
   mypy:
+    needs: check_repo
+    if: needs.check_repo.outputs.should_run_workflow == 'true'
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v3
@@ -47,6 +61,8 @@ jobs:
         run: sed '/warn_unused_ignores = True/d' -i mypy.ini
       - run: poetry run mypy
   trial:
+    needs: check_repo
+    if: needs.check_repo.outputs.should_run_workflow == 'true'
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     strategy:
       matrix:
@@ -105,6 +121,8 @@ jobs:
 
 
   sytest:
+    needs: check_repo
+    if: needs.check_repo.outputs.should_run_workflow == 'true'
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     container:
       image: matrixdotorg/sytest-synapse:testing
@@ -156,7 +174,8 @@ jobs:
 
 
   complement:
-    if: "${{ !failure() && !cancelled() }}"
+    needs: check_repo
+    if: "!failure() && !cancelled() && needs.check_repo.outputs.should_run_workflow == 'true'"
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
 
     strategy:
@@ -192,7 +211,7 @@ jobs:
   # Open an issue if the build fails, so we know about it.
   # Only do this if we're not experimenting with this action in a PR.
   open-issue:
-    if: "failure() && github.event_name != 'push' && github.event_name != 'pull_request'"
+    if: "failure() && github.event_name != 'push' && github.event_name != 'pull_request' && needs.check_repo.outputs.should_run_workflow == 'true'"
     needs:
       # TODO: should mypy be included here? It feels more brittle than the others.
       - mypy
diff --git a/.github/workflows/release-artifacts.yml b/.github/workflows/release-artifacts.yml
index ebd7d298a9..0981200401 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/release-artifacts.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/release-artifacts.yml
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ jobs:
       - id: set-distros
         run: |
           # if we're running from a tag, get the full list of distros; otherwise just use debian:sid
+          # NOTE: inside the actual Dockerfile-dhvirtualenv, the image name is expanded into its full image path
           dists='["debian:sid"]'
           if [[ $GITHUB_REF == refs/tags/* ]]; then
               dists=$(scripts-dev/build_debian_packages.py --show-dists-json)
diff --git a/.github/workflows/twisted_trunk.yml b/.github/workflows/twisted_trunk.yml
index 14fc6a0389..55081f8133 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/twisted_trunk.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/twisted_trunk.yml
@@ -18,7 +18,22 @@ concurrency:
   cancel-in-progress: true
 
 jobs:
+  check_repo:
+    # Prevent this workflow from running on any fork of Synapse other than matrix-org/synapse, as it is
+    # only useful to the Synapse core team.
+    # All other workflow steps depend on this one, thus if 'should_run_workflow' is not 'true', the rest
+    # of the workflow will be skipped as well.
+    if: github.repository == 'matrix-org/synapse'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    outputs:
+      should_run_workflow: ${{ steps.check_condition.outputs.should_run_workflow }}
+    steps:
+      - id: check_condition
+        run: echo "should_run_workflow=${{ github.repository == 'matrix-org/synapse' }}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
   mypy:
+    needs: check_repo
+    if: needs.check_repo.outputs.should_run_workflow == 'true'
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
 
     steps:
@@ -41,6 +56,8 @@ jobs:
       - run: poetry run mypy
 
   trial:
+    needs: check_repo
+    if: needs.check_repo.outputs.should_run_workflow == 'true'
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
 
     steps:
@@ -75,6 +92,8 @@ jobs:
           || true
 
   sytest:
+    needs: check_repo
+    if: needs.check_repo.outputs.should_run_workflow == 'true'
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     container:
       image: matrixdotorg/sytest-synapse:buster
@@ -119,7 +138,8 @@ jobs:
             /logs/**/*.log*
 
   complement:
-    if: "${{ !failure() && !cancelled() }}"
+    needs: check_repo
+    if: "!failure() && !cancelled() && needs.check_repo.outputs.should_run_workflow == 'true'"
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
 
     strategy:
@@ -166,7 +186,7 @@ jobs:
 
   # open an issue if the build fails, so we know about it.
   open-issue:
-    if: failure()
+    if: failure() && needs.check_repo.outputs.should_run_workflow == 'true'
     needs:
       - mypy
       - trial
diff --git a/changelog.d/14213.misc b/changelog.d/14213.misc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b0689f3d15
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/14213.misc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Log when events are (maybe unexpectedly) filtered out of responses in tests.
diff --git a/changelog.d/15388.feature b/changelog.d/15388.feature
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6cc55cafa2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/15388.feature
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Stable support for [MSC3882](https://github.com/matrix-org/matrix-spec-proposals/pull/3882) to allow an existing device/session to generate a login token for use on a new device/session.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/changelog.d/15450.feature b/changelog.d/15450.feature
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2102381143
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/15450.feature
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Support resolving a room's [canonical alias](https://spec.matrix.org/v1.7/client-server-api/#mroomcanonical_alias) via the module API.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/changelog.d/15520.feature b/changelog.d/15520.feature
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f4fd40ab94
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/15520.feature
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Enable support for [MSC3952](https://github.com/matrix-org/matrix-spec-proposals/pull/3952): intentional mentions.
diff --git a/changelog.d/15582.feature b/changelog.d/15582.feature
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..00959500a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/15582.feature
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Experimental [MSC3861](https://github.com/matrix-org/matrix-spec-proposals/pull/3861) support: delegate auth to an OIDC provider.
diff --git a/changelog.d/15649.misc b/changelog.d/15649.misc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fca38abe0f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/15649.misc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Read from column `full_user_id` rather than `user_id` of tables `profiles` and `user_filters`.
diff --git a/changelog.d/15650.misc b/changelog.d/15650.misc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9bbad113e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/15650.misc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Add support for tracing functions which return `Awaitable`s.
diff --git a/changelog.d/15674.feature b/changelog.d/15674.feature
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..68cf207dc0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/15674.feature
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Add Syanpse version deploy annotations to Grafana dashboard which enables easy correlation between behavior changes witnessed in a graph to a certain Synapse version and nail down regressions.
diff --git a/changelog.d/15675.misc b/changelog.d/15675.misc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..05538fdbef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/15675.misc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Cache requests for user's devices over federation.
diff --git a/changelog.d/15689.misc b/changelog.d/15689.misc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4262cc9515
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/15689.misc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Add fully qualified docker image names to Dockerfiles.
diff --git a/changelog.d/15690.misc b/changelog.d/15690.misc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c6c259eb7d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/15690.misc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Remove some unused code.
diff --git a/changelog.d/15694.misc b/changelog.d/15694.misc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..93ceaeafc9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/15694.misc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Improve type hints.
diff --git a/changelog.d/15697.misc b/changelog.d/15697.misc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..93ceaeafc9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/15697.misc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Improve type hints.
diff --git a/changelog.d/15705.feature b/changelog.d/15705.feature
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e3cbb5a12e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/15705.feature
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Add a catch-all * to the supported relation types when redacting an event and its related events. This is an update to [MSC3912](https://github.com/matrix-org/matrix-spec-proposals/pull/3861) implementation.
diff --git a/changelog.d/15709.misc b/changelog.d/15709.misc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e9ce84a940
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/15709.misc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Update docstring and traces on `maybe_backfill()` functions.
diff --git a/changelog.d/15721.misc b/changelog.d/15721.misc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f4d892daf9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/15721.misc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Add context for when/why to use the `long_retries` option when sending Federation requests.
diff --git a/changelog.d/15723.misc b/changelog.d/15723.misc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ba331adca7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/15723.misc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Removed some unused fields.
diff --git a/changelog.d/15725.misc b/changelog.d/15725.misc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6c7a8a41d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/15725.misc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Update federation error to more plainly explain we can only authorize our own membership events.
diff --git a/changelog.d/15726.misc b/changelog.d/15726.misc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..941e541e77
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/15726.misc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Prevent the `latest_deps` and `twisted_trunk` daily GitHub Actions workflows from running on forks of the codebase.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/changelog.d/15729.misc b/changelog.d/15729.misc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3940254305
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/15729.misc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Improve performance of user directory search.
diff --git a/changelog.d/15731.misc b/changelog.d/15731.misc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..906bc26962
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/15731.misc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Remove redundant table join with `room_memberships` when doing a `is_host_joined()`/`is_host_invited()` call (`membership` is already part of the `current_state_events`).
diff --git a/contrib/grafana/synapse.json b/contrib/grafana/synapse.json
index f09cd6f87c..f3253b32b9 100644
--- a/contrib/grafana/synapse.json
+++ b/contrib/grafana/synapse.json
@@ -56,6 +56,17 @@
         "name": "Annotations & Alerts",
         "showIn": 0,
         "type": "dashboard"
+      },
+      {
+        "datasource": {
+          "type": "prometheus",
+          "uid": "${DS_PROMETHEUS}"
+        },
+        "enable": true,
+        "expr": "changes(process_start_time_seconds{instance=\"matrix.org\",job=~\"synapse\"}[$bucket_size]) * on (instance, job) group_left(version) synapse_build_info{instance=\"matrix.org\",job=\"synapse\"}",
+        "iconColor": "purple",
+        "name": "deploys",
+        "titleFormat": "Deployed {{version}}"
       }
     ]
   },
@@ -671,6 +682,95 @@
       }
     },
     {
+      "datasource": {
+        "type": "prometheus",
+        "uid": "${DS_PROMETHEUS}"
+      },
+      "fieldConfig": {
+        "defaults": {
+          "color": {
+            "mode": "palette-classic"
+          },
+          "custom": {
+            "axisCenteredZero": false,
+            "axisColorMode": "text",
+            "axisLabel": "",
+            "axisPlacement": "auto",
+            "axisSoftMax": 1,
+            "barAlignment": 0,
+            "drawStyle": "line",
+            "fillOpacity": 0,
+            "gradientMode": "none",
+            "hideFrom": {
+              "legend": false,
+              "tooltip": false,
+              "viz": false
+            },
+            "lineInterpolation": "linear",
+            "lineWidth": 10,
+            "pointSize": 5,
+            "scaleDistribution": {
+              "type": "linear"
+            },
+            "showPoints": "never",
+            "spanNulls": false,
+            "stacking": {
+              "group": "A",
+              "mode": "none"
+            },
+            "thresholdsStyle": {
+              "mode": "off"
+            }
+          },
+          "mappings": [],
+          "thresholds": {
+            "mode": "absolute",
+            "steps": [
+              {
+                "color": "green",
+                "value": null
+              }
+            ]
+          }
+        },
+        "overrides": []
+      },
+      "gridPos": {
+        "h": 7,
+        "w": 12,
+        "x": 0,
+        "y": 19
+      },
+      "id": 245,
+      "options": {
+        "legend": {
+          "calcs": [],
+          "displayMode": "list",
+          "placement": "bottom",
+          "showLegend": true
+        },
+        "tooltip": {
+          "mode": "single",
+          "sort": "none"
+        }
+      },
+      "targets": [
+        {
+          "datasource": {
+            "type": "prometheus",
+            "uid": "${DS_PROMETHEUS}"
+          },
+          "editorMode": "code",
+          "expr": "synapse_build_info{instance=\"$instance\", job=\"synapse\"} - 1",
+          "legendFormat": "version {{version}}",
+          "range": true,
+          "refId": "deployed_synapse_versions"
+        }
+      ],
+      "title": "Deployed Synapse versions over time",
+      "type": "timeseries"
+    },
+    {
       "aliasColors": {},
       "bars": false,
       "dashLength": 10,
@@ -809,6 +909,7 @@
           "dashLength": 10,
           "dashes": false,
           "datasource": {
+            "type": "prometheus",
             "uid": "$datasource"
           },
           "editable": true,
@@ -874,11 +975,13 @@
               "datasource": {
                 "uid": "$datasource"
               },
+              "editorMode": "code",
               "expr": "rate(process_cpu_system_seconds_total{instance=\"$instance\",job=~\"$job\",index=~\"$index\"}[$bucket_size])",
               "format": "time_series",
               "intervalFactor": 1,
               "legendFormat": "{{job}}-{{index}} system ",
               "metric": "",
+              "range": true,
               "refId": "B",
               "step": 20
             },
@@ -1328,6 +1431,7 @@
           "dashLength": 10,
           "dashes": false,
           "datasource": {
+            "type": "prometheus",
             "uid": "$datasource"
           },
           "fieldConfig": {
@@ -1368,7 +1472,15 @@
           "pointradius": 5,
           "points": false,
           "renderer": "flot",
-          "seriesOverrides": [],
+          "seriesOverrides": [
+            {
+              "$$hashKey": "object:116",
+              "alias": "/^version .*/",
+              "lines": true,
+              "linewidth": 6,
+              "points": false
+            }
+          ],
           "spaceLength": 10,
           "stack": false,
           "steppedLine": false,
@@ -1377,11 +1489,25 @@
               "datasource": {
                 "uid": "$datasource"
               },
+              "editorMode": "code",
               "expr": "min_over_time(up{instance=\"$instance\",job=~\"$job\",index=~\"$index\"}[$bucket_size])",
               "format": "time_series",
               "intervalFactor": 2,
               "legendFormat": "{{job}}-{{index}}",
+              "range": true,
               "refId": "A"
+            },
+            {
+              "datasource": {
+                "type": "prometheus",
+                "uid": "$datasource"
+              },
+              "editorMode": "code",
+              "expr": "synapse_build_info{instance=\"$instance\", job=\"synapse\"} - 1",
+              "hide": false,
+              "legendFormat": "version {{version}}",
+              "range": true,
+              "refId": "deployed_synapse_versions"
             }
           ],
           "thresholds": [],
@@ -1788,7 +1914,7 @@
             "h": 9,
             "w": 12,
             "x": 0,
-            "y": 56
+            "y": 28
           },
           "heatmap": {},
           "hideZeroBuckets": false,
@@ -1890,7 +2016,7 @@
             "h": 9,
             "w": 12,
             "x": 12,
-            "y": 56
+            "y": 28
           },
           "hiddenSeries": false,
           "id": 33,
@@ -1982,7 +2108,7 @@
             "h": 7,
             "w": 12,
             "x": 0,
-            "y": 65
+            "y": 37
           },
           "hiddenSeries": false,
           "id": 40,
@@ -2070,7 +2196,7 @@
             "h": 7,
             "w": 12,
             "x": 12,
-            "y": 65
+            "y": 37
           },
           "hiddenSeries": false,
           "id": 46,
@@ -2161,7 +2287,7 @@
             "h": 7,
             "w": 12,
             "x": 0,
-            "y": 72
+            "y": 44
           },
           "hiddenSeries": false,
           "id": 44,
@@ -2253,7 +2379,7 @@
             "h": 7,
             "w": 12,
             "x": 12,
-            "y": 72
+            "y": 44
           },
           "hiddenSeries": false,
           "id": 45,
@@ -2354,7 +2480,7 @@
             "h": 9,
             "w": 12,
             "x": 0,
-            "y": 79
+            "y": 51
           },
           "hiddenSeries": false,
           "id": 118,
@@ -2547,7 +2673,7 @@
             "h": 9,
             "w": 12,
             "x": 12,
-            "y": 79
+            "y": 51
           },
           "id": 222,
           "options": {
@@ -2646,7 +2772,7 @@
             "h": 8,
             "w": 12,
             "x": 0,
-            "y": 57
+            "y": 29
           },
           "hiddenSeries": false,
           "id": 4,
@@ -2768,7 +2894,7 @@
             "h": 8,
             "w": 12,
             "x": 12,
-            "y": 57
+            "y": 29
           },
           "hiddenSeries": false,
           "id": 32,
@@ -2867,7 +2993,7 @@
             "h": 8,
             "w": 12,
             "x": 0,
-            "y": 65
+            "y": 37
           },
           "hiddenSeries": false,
           "id": 139,
@@ -2989,7 +3115,7 @@
             "h": 8,
             "w": 12,
             "x": 12,
-            "y": 65
+            "y": 37
           },
           "hiddenSeries": false,
           "id": 52,
@@ -3111,7 +3237,7 @@
             "h": 8,
             "w": 12,
             "x": 0,
-            "y": 73
+            "y": 45
           },
           "hiddenSeries": false,
           "id": 7,
@@ -3212,7 +3338,7 @@
             "h": 8,
             "w": 12,
             "x": 12,
-            "y": 73
+            "y": 45
           },
           "hiddenSeries": false,
           "id": 47,
@@ -3310,7 +3436,7 @@
             "h": 9,
             "w": 12,
             "x": 0,
-            "y": 81
+            "y": 53
           },
           "hiddenSeries": false,
           "id": 103,
@@ -3445,7 +3571,7 @@
             "h": 9,
             "w": 12,
             "x": 0,
-            "y": 5
+            "y": 30
           },
           "hiddenSeries": false,
           "id": 99,
@@ -3467,7 +3593,7 @@
           },
           "paceLength": 10,
           "percentage": false,
-          "pluginVersion": "8.4.3",
+          "pluginVersion": "9.2.2",
           "pointradius": 5,
           "points": false,
           "renderer": "flot",
@@ -3538,7 +3664,7 @@
             "h": 9,
             "w": 12,
             "x": 12,
-            "y": 5
+            "y": 30
           },
           "hiddenSeries": false,
           "id": 101,
@@ -3560,7 +3686,7 @@
           },
           "paceLength": 10,
           "percentage": false,
-          "pluginVersion": "8.4.3",
+          "pluginVersion": "9.2.2",
           "pointradius": 5,
           "points": false,
           "renderer": "flot",
@@ -3631,7 +3757,7 @@
             "h": 8,
             "w": 12,
             "x": 0,
-            "y": 14
+            "y": 39
           },
           "hiddenSeries": false,
           "id": 138,
@@ -3651,7 +3777,7 @@
             "alertThreshold": true
           },
           "percentage": false,
-          "pluginVersion": "8.4.3",
+          "pluginVersion": "9.2.2",
           "pointradius": 2,
           "points": false,
           "renderer": "flot",
@@ -3746,7 +3872,7 @@
             "h": 9,
             "w": 12,
             "x": 0,
-            "y": 59
+            "y": 31
           },
           "hiddenSeries": false,
           "id": 79,
@@ -3846,7 +3972,7 @@
             "h": 9,
             "w": 12,
             "x": 12,
-            "y": 59
+            "y": 31
           },
           "hiddenSeries": false,
           "id": 83,
@@ -3934,6 +4060,7 @@
           "dashLength": 10,
           "dashes": false,
           "datasource": {
+            "type": "prometheus",
             "uid": "$datasource"
           },
           "fieldConfig": {
@@ -3948,7 +4075,7 @@
             "h": 9,
             "w": 12,
             "x": 0,
-            "y": 68
+            "y": 40
           },
           "hiddenSeries": false,
           "id": 109,
@@ -3983,11 +4110,13 @@
               "datasource": {
                 "uid": "$datasource"
               },
-              "expr": "sum(rate(synapse_federation_client_sent_pdu_destinations:total_total{instance=\"$instance\"}[$bucket_size]))",
+              "editorMode": "code",
+              "expr": "sum(rate(synapse_federation_client_sent_pdu_destinations_count_total{instance=\"$instance\"}[$bucket_size]))",
               "format": "time_series",
               "interval": "",
               "intervalFactor": 1,
               "legendFormat": "pdus",
+              "range": true,
               "refId": "A"
             },
             {
@@ -4052,7 +4181,7 @@
             "h": 9,
             "w": 12,
             "x": 12,
-            "y": 68
+            "y": 40
           },
           "hiddenSeries": false,
           "id": 111,
@@ -4130,6 +4259,250 @@
           }
         },
         {
+          "datasource": {
+            "type": "prometheus",
+            "uid": "${DS_PROMETHEUS}"
+          },
+          "description": "Triangular growth may indicate a problem with federation sending from the remote host --- but it may also be the case that everyone is asleep and no messages are being sent.\n\nSee https://matrix-org.github.io/synapse/latest/usage/configuration/config_documentation.html#federation_metrics_domains",
+          "fieldConfig": {
+            "defaults": {
+              "color": {
+                "mode": "palette-classic"
+              },
+              "custom": {
+                "axisCenteredZero": false,
+                "axisColorMode": "text",
+                "axisLabel": "",
+                "axisPlacement": "auto",
+                "axisSoftMax": 60,
+                "axisSoftMin": 0,
+                "barAlignment": 0,
+                "drawStyle": "line",
+                "fillOpacity": 0,
+                "gradientMode": "none",
+                "hideFrom": {
+                  "legend": false,
+                  "tooltip": false,
+                  "viz": false
+                },
+                "lineInterpolation": "linear",
+                "lineWidth": 1,
+                "pointSize": 5,
+                "scaleDistribution": {
+                  "type": "linear"
+                },
+                "showPoints": "auto",
+                "spanNulls": false,
+                "stacking": {
+                  "group": "A",
+                  "mode": "none"
+                },
+                "thresholdsStyle": {
+                  "mode": "line"
+                }
+              },
+              "mappings": [],
+              "thresholds": {
+                "mode": "absolute",
+                "steps": [
+                  {
+                    "color": "green"
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "color": "red",
+                    "value": 60
+                  }
+                ]
+              },
+              "unit": "m"
+            },
+            "overrides": [
+              {
+                "__systemRef": "hideSeriesFrom",
+                "matcher": {
+                  "id": "byNames",
+                  "options": {
+                    "mode": "exclude",
+                    "names": [
+                      "libera.chat "
+                    ],
+                    "prefix": "All except:",
+                    "readOnly": true
+                  }
+                },
+                "properties": [
+                  {
+                    "id": "custom.hideFrom",
+                    "value": {
+                      "legend": false,
+                      "tooltip": false,
+                      "viz": true
+                    }
+                  }
+                ]
+              }
+            ]
+          },
+          "gridPos": {
+            "h": 8,
+            "w": 12,
+            "x": 0,
+            "y": 49
+          },
+          "id": 243,
+          "options": {
+            "legend": {
+              "calcs": [],
+              "displayMode": "list",
+              "placement": "bottom",
+              "showLegend": true
+            },
+            "tooltip": {
+              "mode": "single",
+              "sort": "none"
+            }
+          },
+          "targets": [
+            {
+              "datasource": {
+                "type": "prometheus",
+                "uid": "${DS_PROMETHEUS}"
+              },
+              "editorMode": "code",
+              "exemplar": false,
+              "expr": "(time() - max without (job, index, host) (avg_over_time(synapse_federation_last_received_pdu_time[10m]))) / 60",
+              "instant": false,
+              "legendFormat": "{{server_name}} ",
+              "range": true,
+              "refId": "A"
+            }
+          ],
+          "title": "Age of last PDU received from nominated hosts",
+          "type": "timeseries"
+        },
+        {
+          "datasource": {
+            "type": "prometheus",
+            "uid": "${DS_PROMETHEUS}"
+          },
+          "description": "Triangular growth may indicate a problem with federation senders on the monitored instance---but it may also be the case that everyone is asleep and no messages are being sent.\n\nSee https://matrix-org.github.io/synapse/latest/usage/configuration/config_documentation.html#federation_metrics_domains",
+          "fieldConfig": {
+            "defaults": {
+              "color": {
+                "mode": "palette-classic"
+              },
+              "custom": {
+                "axisCenteredZero": false,
+                "axisColorMode": "text",
+                "axisLabel": "",
+                "axisPlacement": "auto",
+                "axisSoftMax": 60,
+                "axisSoftMin": 0,
+                "barAlignment": 0,
+                "drawStyle": "line",
+                "fillOpacity": 0,
+                "gradientMode": "none",
+                "hideFrom": {
+                  "legend": false,
+                  "tooltip": false,
+                  "viz": false
+                },
+                "lineInterpolation": "linear",
+                "lineWidth": 1,
+                "pointSize": 5,
+                "scaleDistribution": {
+                  "type": "linear"
+                },
+                "showPoints": "auto",
+                "spanNulls": false,
+                "stacking": {
+                  "group": "A",
+                  "mode": "none"
+                },
+                "thresholdsStyle": {
+                  "mode": "line"
+                }
+              },
+              "mappings": [],
+              "thresholds": {
+                "mode": "absolute",
+                "steps": [
+                  {
+                    "color": "green"
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "color": "red",
+                    "value": 60
+                  }
+                ]
+              },
+              "unit": "m"
+            },
+            "overrides": [
+              {
+                "__systemRef": "hideSeriesFrom",
+                "matcher": {
+                  "id": "byNames",
+                  "options": {
+                    "mode": "exclude",
+                    "names": [
+                      "libera.chat"
+                    ],
+                    "prefix": "All except:",
+                    "readOnly": true
+                  }
+                },
+                "properties": [
+                  {
+                    "id": "custom.hideFrom",
+                    "value": {
+                      "legend": false,
+                      "tooltip": false,
+                      "viz": true
+                    }
+                  }
+                ]
+              }
+            ]
+          },
+          "gridPos": {
+            "h": 8,
+            "w": 12,
+            "x": 12,
+            "y": 49
+          },
+          "id": 241,
+          "options": {
+            "legend": {
+              "calcs": [],
+              "displayMode": "list",
+              "placement": "bottom",
+              "showLegend": true
+            },
+            "tooltip": {
+              "mode": "single",
+              "sort": "none"
+            }
+          },
+          "targets": [
+            {
+              "datasource": {
+                "type": "prometheus",
+                "uid": "${DS_PROMETHEUS}"
+              },
+              "editorMode": "code",
+              "exemplar": false,
+              "expr": "(time() - max without (job, index, host) (avg_over_time(synapse_federation_last_sent_pdu_time[10m]))) / 60",
+              "instant": false,
+              "legendFormat": "{{server_name}}",
+              "range": true,
+              "refId": "A"
+            }
+          ],
+          "title": "Age of last PDU sent to nominated hosts",
+          "type": "timeseries"
+        },
+        {
           "aliasColors": {},
           "bars": false,
           "dashLength": 10,
@@ -4148,10 +4521,10 @@
           "fill": 1,
           "fillGradient": 0,
           "gridPos": {
-            "h": 8,
+            "h": 9,
             "w": 12,
             "x": 0,
-            "y": 77
+            "y": 57
           },
           "hiddenSeries": false,
           "id": 142,
@@ -4259,7 +4632,7 @@
             "h": 9,
             "w": 12,
             "x": 12,
-            "y": 77
+            "y": 57
           },
           "hiddenSeries": false,
           "id": 140,
@@ -4428,7 +4801,7 @@
             "h": 9,
             "w": 12,
             "x": 0,
-            "y": 85
+            "y": 66
           },
           "heatmap": {},
           "hideZeroBuckets": false,
@@ -4533,7 +4906,7 @@
             "h": 9,
             "w": 12,
             "x": 12,
-            "y": 86
+            "y": 66
           },
           "hiddenSeries": false,
           "id": 162,
@@ -4745,11 +5118,26 @@
           "datasource": {
             "uid": "$datasource"
           },
+          "fieldConfig": {
+            "defaults": {
+              "custom": {
+                "hideFrom": {
+                  "legend": false,
+                  "tooltip": false,
+                  "viz": false
+                },
+                "scaleDistribution": {
+                  "type": "linear"
+                }
+              }
+            },
+            "overrides": []
+          },
           "gridPos": {
             "h": 9,
             "w": 12,
             "x": 0,
-            "y": 94
+            "y": 75
           },
           "heatmap": {},
           "hideZeroBuckets": false,
@@ -4759,6 +5147,48 @@
             "show": false
           },
           "links": [],
+          "options": {
+            "calculate": false,
+            "calculation": {},
+            "cellGap": -1,
+            "cellValues": {
+              "decimals": 2
+            },
+            "color": {
+              "exponent": 0.5,
+              "fill": "#b4ff00",
+              "min": 0,
+              "mode": "scheme",
+              "reverse": false,
+              "scale": "exponential",
+              "scheme": "Inferno",
+              "steps": 128
+            },
+            "exemplars": {
+              "color": "rgba(255,0,255,0.7)"
+            },
+            "filterValues": {
+              "le": 1e-9
+            },
+            "legend": {
+              "show": false
+            },
+            "rowsFrame": {
+              "layout": "auto"
+            },
+            "showValue": "never",
+            "tooltip": {
+              "show": true,
+              "yHistogram": true
+            },
+            "yAxis": {
+              "axisPlacement": "left",
+              "decimals": 0,
+              "reverse": false,
+              "unit": "s"
+            }
+          },
+          "pluginVersion": "9.2.2",
           "reverseYBuckets": false,
           "targets": [
             {
@@ -4798,6 +5228,7 @@
           "dashLength": 10,
           "dashes": false,
           "datasource": {
+            "type": "prometheus",
             "uid": "$datasource"
           },
           "editable": true,
@@ -4815,7 +5246,7 @@
             "h": 9,
             "w": 12,
             "x": 12,
-            "y": 95
+            "y": 75
           },
           "hiddenSeries": false,
           "id": 203,
@@ -4837,7 +5268,7 @@
           },
           "paceLength": 10,
           "percentage": false,
-          "pluginVersion": "9.0.4",
+          "pluginVersion": "9.2.2",
           "pointradius": 5,
           "points": false,
           "renderer": "flot",
@@ -4850,11 +5281,13 @@
               "datasource": {
                 "uid": "$datasource"
               },
-              "expr": "synapse_federation_server_oldest_inbound_pdu_in_staging{job=\"$job\",index=~\"$index\",instance=\"$instance\"}",
+              "editorMode": "code",
+              "expr": "synapse_federation_server_oldest_inbound_pdu_in_staging{job=~\"$job\",index=~\"$index\",instance=\"$instance\"}",
               "format": "time_series",
               "interval": "",
               "intervalFactor": 1,
-              "legendFormat": "rss {{index}}",
+              "legendFormat": "{{job}}-{{index}}",
+              "range": true,
               "refId": "A",
               "step": 4
             }
@@ -4899,6 +5332,7 @@
           "dashLength": 10,
           "dashes": false,
           "datasource": {
+            "type": "prometheus",
             "uid": "$datasource"
           },
           "editable": true,
@@ -4916,7 +5350,7 @@
             "h": 9,
             "w": 12,
             "x": 0,
-            "y": 103
+            "y": 84
           },
           "hiddenSeries": false,
           "id": 202,
@@ -4938,7 +5372,7 @@
           },
           "paceLength": 10,
           "percentage": false,
-          "pluginVersion": "9.0.4",
+          "pluginVersion": "9.2.2",
           "pointradius": 5,
           "points": false,
           "renderer": "flot",
@@ -4951,11 +5385,13 @@
               "datasource": {
                 "uid": "$datasource"
               },
-              "expr": "synapse_federation_server_number_inbound_pdu_in_staging{job=\"$job\",index=~\"$index\",instance=\"$instance\"}",
+              "editorMode": "code",
+              "expr": "synapse_federation_server_number_inbound_pdu_in_staging{job=~\"$job\",index=~\"$index\",instance=\"$instance\"}",
               "format": "time_series",
               "interval": "",
               "intervalFactor": 1,
-              "legendFormat": "rss {{index}}",
+              "legendFormat": "{{job}}-{{index}}",
+              "range": true,
               "refId": "A",
               "step": 4
             }
@@ -5009,7 +5445,7 @@
             "h": 8,
             "w": 12,
             "x": 12,
-            "y": 104
+            "y": 84
           },
           "hiddenSeries": false,
           "id": 205,
@@ -5029,7 +5465,7 @@
             "alertThreshold": true
           },
           "percentage": false,
-          "pluginVersion": "9.0.4",
+          "pluginVersion": "9.2.2",
           "pointradius": 2,
           "points": false,
           "renderer": "flot",
@@ -5115,6 +5551,8 @@
                 "mode": "palette-classic"
               },
               "custom": {
+                "axisCenteredZero": false,
+                "axisColorMode": "text",
                 "axisLabel": "",
                 "axisPlacement": "auto",
                 "barAlignment": 0,
@@ -5162,7 +5600,7 @@
             "h": 8,
             "w": 12,
             "x": 0,
-            "y": 1
+            "y": 154
           },
           "id": 239,
           "options": {
@@ -5201,6 +5639,8 @@
                 "mode": "palette-classic"
               },
               "custom": {
+                "axisCenteredZero": false,
+                "axisColorMode": "text",
                 "axisLabel": "",
                 "axisPlacement": "auto",
                 "barAlignment": 0,
@@ -5248,7 +5688,7 @@
             "h": 8,
             "w": 12,
             "x": 12,
-            "y": 1
+            "y": 154
           },
           "id": 235,
           "options": {
@@ -5288,6 +5728,8 @@
                 "mode": "palette-classic"
               },
               "custom": {
+                "axisCenteredZero": false,
+                "axisColorMode": "text",
                 "axisLabel": "",
                 "axisPlacement": "auto",
                 "barAlignment": 0,
@@ -5335,7 +5777,7 @@
             "h": 8,
             "w": 12,
             "x": 0,
-            "y": 9
+            "y": 162
           },
           "id": 237,
           "options": {
@@ -5376,6 +5818,8 @@
                 "mode": "palette-classic"
               },
               "custom": {
+                "axisCenteredZero": false,
+                "axisColorMode": "text",
                 "axisLabel": "",
                 "axisPlacement": "auto",
                 "barAlignment": 0,
@@ -5423,7 +5867,7 @@
             "h": 8,
             "w": 12,
             "x": 12,
-            "y": 9
+            "y": 162
           },
           "id": 233,
           "options": {
@@ -5474,7 +5918,7 @@
             "h": 8,
             "w": 12,
             "x": 0,
-            "y": 17
+            "y": 170
           },
           "hiddenSeries": false,
           "id": 229,
@@ -5497,7 +5941,7 @@
           },
           "paceLength": 10,
           "percentage": false,
-          "pluginVersion": "9.0.4",
+          "pluginVersion": "9.2.2",
           "pointradius": 5,
           "points": false,
           "renderer": "flot",
@@ -5709,6 +6153,8 @@
                 "mode": "palette-classic"
               },
               "custom": {
+                "axisCenteredZero": false,
+                "axisColorMode": "text",
                 "axisLabel": "",
                 "axisPlacement": "auto",
                 "barAlignment": 0,
@@ -5773,7 +6219,7 @@
             "h": 8,
             "w": 12,
             "x": 12,
-            "y": 17
+            "y": 170
           },
           "id": 231,
           "options": {
@@ -5832,65 +6278,96 @@
       "id": 60,
       "panels": [
         {
-          "aliasColors": {},
-          "bars": false,
-          "dashLength": 10,
-          "dashes": false,
           "datasource": {
+            "type": "prometheus",
             "uid": "$datasource"
           },
           "fieldConfig": {
             "defaults": {
-              "links": []
+              "color": {
+                "mode": "palette-classic"
+              },
+              "custom": {
+                "axisCenteredZero": false,
+                "axisColorMode": "text",
+                "axisLabel": "",
+                "axisPlacement": "auto",
+                "barAlignment": 0,
+                "drawStyle": "line",
+                "fillOpacity": 10,
+                "gradientMode": "none",
+                "hideFrom": {
+                  "legend": false,
+                  "tooltip": false,
+                  "viz": false
+                },
+                "lineInterpolation": "linear",
+                "lineWidth": 1,
+                "pointSize": 5,
+                "scaleDistribution": {
+                  "type": "linear"
+                },
+                "showPoints": "never",
+                "spanNulls": false,
+                "stacking": {
+                  "group": "A",
+                  "mode": "none"
+                },
+                "thresholdsStyle": {
+                  "mode": "off"
+                }
+              },
+              "links": [],
+              "mappings": [],
+              "thresholds": {
+                "mode": "absolute",
+                "steps": [
+                  {
+                    "color": "green"
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "color": "red",
+                    "value": 80
+                  }
+                ]
+              },
+              "unit": "hertz"
             },
             "overrides": []
           },
-          "fill": 1,
-          "fillGradient": 0,
           "gridPos": {
             "h": 8,
             "w": 12,
             "x": 0,
-            "y": 32
+            "y": 155
           },
-          "hiddenSeries": false,
           "id": 51,
-          "legend": {
-            "avg": false,
-            "current": false,
-            "max": false,
-            "min": false,
-            "show": true,
-            "total": false,
-            "values": false
-          },
-          "lines": true,
-          "linewidth": 1,
           "links": [],
-          "nullPointMode": "null",
           "options": {
-            "alertThreshold": true
+            "legend": {
+              "calcs": [],
+              "displayMode": "list",
+              "placement": "bottom",
+              "showLegend": true
+            },
+            "tooltip": {
+              "mode": "multi",
+              "sort": "none"
+            }
           },
-          "paceLength": 10,
-          "percentage": false,
-          "pluginVersion": "8.4.3",
-          "pointradius": 5,
-          "points": false,
-          "renderer": "flot",
-          "seriesOverrides": [],
-          "spaceLength": 10,
-          "stack": false,
-          "steppedLine": false,
+          "pluginVersion": "9.2.2",
           "targets": [
             {
               "datasource": {
                 "uid": "$datasource"
               },
+              "editorMode": "code",
               "expr": "rate(synapse_http_httppusher_http_pushes_processed_total{instance=\"$instance\",job=~\"$job\",index=~\"$index\"}[$bucket_size]) and on (instance, job, index) (synapse_http_httppusher_http_pushes_failed_total + synapse_http_httppusher_http_pushes_processed_total) > 0",
               "format": "time_series",
               "interval": "",
               "intervalFactor": 2,
-              "legendFormat": "processed {{job}}",
+              "legendFormat": "processed {{job}}-{{index}}",
+              "range": true,
               "refId": "A",
               "step": 20
             },
@@ -5898,43 +6375,18 @@
               "datasource": {
                 "uid": "$datasource"
               },
+              "editorMode": "code",
               "expr": "rate(synapse_http_httppusher_http_pushes_failed_total{instance=\"$instance\",job=~\"$job\",index=~\"$index\"}[$bucket_size]) and on (instance, job, index) (synapse_http_httppusher_http_pushes_failed_total + synapse_http_httppusher_http_pushes_processed_total) > 0",
               "format": "time_series",
               "intervalFactor": 2,
-              "legendFormat": "failed {{job}}",
+              "legendFormat": "failed {{job}}-{{index}}",
+              "range": true,
               "refId": "B",
               "step": 20
             }
           ],
-          "thresholds": [],
-          "timeRegions": [],
           "title": "HTTP Push rate",
-          "tooltip": {
-            "shared": true,
-            "sort": 0,
-            "value_type": "individual"
-          },
-          "type": "graph",
-          "xaxis": {
-            "mode": "time",
-            "show": true,
-            "values": []
-          },
-          "yaxes": [
-            {
-              "format": "hertz",
-              "logBase": 1,
-              "show": true
-            },
-            {
-              "format": "short",
-              "logBase": 1,
-              "show": true
-            }
-          ],
-          "yaxis": {
-            "align": false
-          }
+          "type": "timeseries"
         },
         {
           "aliasColors": {},
@@ -5957,7 +6409,7 @@
             "h": 8,
             "w": 12,
             "x": 12,
-            "y": 32
+            "y": 155
           },
           "hiddenSeries": false,
           "id": 134,
@@ -5978,7 +6430,7 @@
             "alertThreshold": true
           },
           "percentage": false,
-          "pluginVersion": "8.4.3",
+          "pluginVersion": "9.2.2",
           "pointradius": 2,
           "points": false,
           "renderer": "flot",
@@ -7344,7 +7796,7 @@
             "h": 13,
             "w": 12,
             "x": 0,
-            "y": 35
+            "y": 158
           },
           "hiddenSeries": false,
           "id": 12,
@@ -7367,7 +7819,7 @@
           },
           "paceLength": 10,
           "percentage": false,
-          "pluginVersion": "9.0.4",
+          "pluginVersion": "9.2.2",
           "pointradius": 5,
           "points": false,
           "renderer": "flot",
@@ -7442,7 +7894,7 @@
             "h": 13,
             "w": 12,
             "x": 12,
-            "y": 35
+            "y": 158
           },
           "hiddenSeries": false,
           "id": 26,
@@ -7465,7 +7917,7 @@
           },
           "paceLength": 10,
           "percentage": false,
-          "pluginVersion": "9.0.4",
+          "pluginVersion": "9.2.2",
           "pointradius": 5,
           "points": false,
           "renderer": "flot",
@@ -7541,7 +7993,7 @@
             "h": 13,
             "w": 12,
             "x": 0,
-            "y": 48
+            "y": 171
           },
           "hiddenSeries": false,
           "id": 13,
@@ -7564,7 +8016,7 @@
           },
           "paceLength": 10,
           "percentage": false,
-          "pluginVersion": "9.0.4",
+          "pluginVersion": "9.2.2",
           "pointradius": 5,
           "points": false,
           "renderer": "flot",
@@ -7645,7 +8097,7 @@
             "h": 13,
             "w": 12,
             "x": 12,
-            "y": 48
+            "y": 171
           },
           "hiddenSeries": false,
           "id": 27,
@@ -7668,7 +8120,7 @@
           },
           "paceLength": 10,
           "percentage": false,
-          "pluginVersion": "9.0.4",
+          "pluginVersion": "9.2.2",
           "pointradius": 5,
           "points": false,
           "renderer": "flot",
@@ -7743,7 +8195,7 @@
             "h": 13,
             "w": 12,
             "x": 0,
-            "y": 61
+            "y": 184
           },
           "hiddenSeries": false,
           "id": 28,
@@ -7765,7 +8217,7 @@
           },
           "paceLength": 10,
           "percentage": false,
-          "pluginVersion": "9.0.4",
+          "pluginVersion": "9.2.2",
           "pointradius": 5,
           "points": false,
           "renderer": "flot",
@@ -7840,7 +8292,7 @@
             "h": 13,
             "w": 12,
             "x": 12,
-            "y": 61
+            "y": 184
           },
           "hiddenSeries": false,
           "id": 25,
@@ -7862,7 +8314,7 @@
           },
           "paceLength": 10,
           "percentage": false,
-          "pluginVersion": "9.0.4",
+          "pluginVersion": "9.2.2",
           "pointradius": 5,
           "points": false,
           "renderer": "flot",
@@ -7930,7 +8382,7 @@
             "h": 15,
             "w": 12,
             "x": 0,
-            "y": 74
+            "y": 197
           },
           "hiddenSeries": false,
           "id": 154,
@@ -7951,7 +8403,7 @@
             "alertThreshold": true
           },
           "percentage": false,
-          "pluginVersion": "9.0.4",
+          "pluginVersion": "9.2.2",
           "pointradius": 2,
           "points": false,
           "renderer": "flot",
@@ -9363,7 +9815,7 @@
             "h": 7,
             "w": 12,
             "x": 0,
-            "y": 40
+            "y": 162
           },
           "hiddenSeries": false,
           "id": 43,
@@ -9385,7 +9837,7 @@
           },
           "paceLength": 10,
           "percentage": false,
-          "pluginVersion": "9.0.4",
+          "pluginVersion": "9.2.2",
           "pointradius": 5,
           "points": false,
           "renderer": "flot",
@@ -9449,6 +9901,8 @@
                 "mode": "palette-classic"
               },
               "custom": {
+                "axisCenteredZero": false,
+                "axisColorMode": "text",
                 "axisLabel": "",
                 "axisPlacement": "auto",
                 "barAlignment": 0,
@@ -9498,7 +9952,7 @@
             "h": 7,
             "w": 12,
             "x": 12,
-            "y": 40
+            "y": 162
           },
           "id": 41,
           "links": [],
@@ -9545,6 +9999,8 @@
                 "mode": "palette-classic"
               },
               "custom": {
+                "axisCenteredZero": false,
+                "axisColorMode": "text",
                 "axisLabel": "",
                 "axisPlacement": "auto",
                 "barAlignment": 0,
@@ -9595,7 +10051,7 @@
             "h": 7,
             "w": 12,
             "x": 0,
-            "y": 47
+            "y": 169
           },
           "id": 42,
           "links": [],
@@ -9642,6 +10098,8 @@
                 "mode": "palette-classic"
               },
               "custom": {
+                "axisCenteredZero": false,
+                "axisColorMode": "text",
                 "axisLabel": "",
                 "axisPlacement": "auto",
                 "axisSoftMin": 1,
@@ -9693,7 +10151,7 @@
             "h": 7,
             "w": 12,
             "x": 12,
-            "y": 47
+            "y": 169
           },
           "id": 220,
           "links": [],
@@ -9751,7 +10209,7 @@
             "h": 7,
             "w": 12,
             "x": 0,
-            "y": 54
+            "y": 176
           },
           "hiddenSeries": false,
           "id": 144,
@@ -9771,7 +10229,7 @@
             "alertThreshold": true
           },
           "percentage": false,
-          "pluginVersion": "9.0.4",
+          "pluginVersion": "9.2.2",
           "pointradius": 2,
           "points": false,
           "renderer": "flot",
@@ -9844,7 +10302,7 @@
             "h": 7,
             "w": 12,
             "x": 12,
-            "y": 54
+            "y": 176
           },
           "hiddenSeries": false,
           "id": 115,
@@ -9866,7 +10324,7 @@
           },
           "paceLength": 10,
           "percentage": false,
-          "pluginVersion": "9.0.4",
+          "pluginVersion": "9.2.2",
           "pointradius": 5,
           "points": false,
           "renderer": "flot",
@@ -9938,7 +10396,7 @@
             "h": 7,
             "w": 12,
             "x": 0,
-            "y": 61
+            "y": 183
           },
           "hiddenSeries": false,
           "id": 113,
@@ -9960,7 +10418,7 @@
           },
           "paceLength": 10,
           "percentage": false,
-          "pluginVersion": "9.0.4",
+          "pluginVersion": "9.2.2",
           "pointradius": 5,
           "points": false,
           "renderer": "flot",
@@ -10058,7 +10516,6 @@
           },
           "fieldConfig": {
             "defaults": {
-              "custom": {},
               "links": []
             },
             "overrides": []
@@ -10069,7 +10526,7 @@
             "h": 9,
             "w": 12,
             "x": 0,
-            "y": 41
+            "y": 163
           },
           "hiddenSeries": false,
           "id": 67,
@@ -10091,7 +10548,7 @@
           },
           "paceLength": 10,
           "percentage": false,
-          "pluginVersion": "7.3.7",
+          "pluginVersion": "9.2.2",
           "pointradius": 5,
           "points": false,
           "renderer": "flot",
@@ -10154,7 +10611,6 @@
           },
           "fieldConfig": {
             "defaults": {
-              "custom": {},
               "links": []
             },
             "overrides": []
@@ -10165,7 +10621,7 @@
             "h": 9,
             "w": 12,
             "x": 12,
-            "y": 41
+            "y": 163
           },
           "hiddenSeries": false,
           "id": 71,
@@ -10187,7 +10643,7 @@
           },
           "paceLength": 10,
           "percentage": false,
-          "pluginVersion": "7.3.7",
+          "pluginVersion": "9.2.2",
           "pointradius": 5,
           "points": false,
           "renderer": "flot",
@@ -10250,7 +10706,6 @@
           },
           "fieldConfig": {
             "defaults": {
-              "custom": {},
               "links": []
             },
             "overrides": []
@@ -10261,7 +10716,7 @@
             "h": 9,
             "w": 12,
             "x": 0,
-            "y": 50
+            "y": 172
           },
           "hiddenSeries": false,
           "id": 121,
@@ -10284,7 +10739,7 @@
           },
           "paceLength": 10,
           "percentage": false,
-          "pluginVersion": "7.3.7",
+          "pluginVersion": "9.2.2",
           "pointradius": 5,
           "points": false,
           "renderer": "flot",
@@ -10383,7 +10838,16 @@
           "description": "Colour reflects the number of rooms with the given number of forward extremities, or fewer.\n\nThis is only updated once an hour.",
           "fieldConfig": {
             "defaults": {
-              "custom": {}
+              "custom": {
+                "hideFrom": {
+                  "legend": false,
+                  "tooltip": false,
+                  "viz": false
+                },
+                "scaleDistribution": {
+                  "type": "linear"
+                }
+              }
             },
             "overrides": []
           },
@@ -10401,6 +10865,46 @@
             "show": true
           },
           "links": [],
+          "options": {
+            "calculate": false,
+            "calculation": {},
+            "cellGap": 1,
+            "cellValues": {},
+            "color": {
+              "exponent": 0.5,
+              "fill": "#B877D9",
+              "min": 0,
+              "mode": "opacity",
+              "reverse": false,
+              "scale": "exponential",
+              "scheme": "Oranges",
+              "steps": 128
+            },
+            "exemplars": {
+              "color": "rgba(255,0,255,0.7)"
+            },
+            "filterValues": {
+              "le": 1e-9
+            },
+            "legend": {
+              "show": true
+            },
+            "rowsFrame": {
+              "layout": "auto"
+            },
+            "showValue": "never",
+            "tooltip": {
+              "show": true,
+              "yHistogram": true
+            },
+            "yAxis": {
+              "axisPlacement": "left",
+              "decimals": 0,
+              "reverse": false,
+              "unit": "short"
+            }
+          },
+          "pluginVersion": "9.2.2",
           "reverseYBuckets": false,
           "targets": [
             {
@@ -10442,7 +10946,6 @@
           "description": "Number of rooms with the given number of forward extremities or fewer.\n\nThis is only updated once an hour.",
           "fieldConfig": {
             "defaults": {
-              "custom": {},
               "links": []
             },
             "overrides": []
@@ -10471,8 +10974,11 @@
           "linewidth": 1,
           "links": [],
           "nullPointMode": "connected",
+          "options": {
+            "alertThreshold": true
+          },
           "percentage": false,
-          "pluginVersion": "7.1.3",
+          "pluginVersion": "9.2.2",
           "pointradius": 2,
           "points": false,
           "renderer": "flot",
@@ -10543,7 +11049,16 @@
           "description": "Colour reflects the number of events persisted to rooms with the given number of forward extremities, or fewer.",
           "fieldConfig": {
             "defaults": {
-              "custom": {}
+              "custom": {
+                "hideFrom": {
+                  "legend": false,
+                  "tooltip": false,
+                  "viz": false
+                },
+                "scaleDistribution": {
+                  "type": "linear"
+                }
+              }
             },
             "overrides": []
           },
@@ -10561,6 +11076,46 @@
             "show": true
           },
           "links": [],
+          "options": {
+            "calculate": false,
+            "calculation": {},
+            "cellGap": 1,
+            "cellValues": {},
+            "color": {
+              "exponent": 0.5,
+              "fill": "#5794F2",
+              "min": 0,
+              "mode": "opacity",
+              "reverse": false,
+              "scale": "exponential",
+              "scheme": "Oranges",
+              "steps": 128
+            },
+            "exemplars": {
+              "color": "rgba(255,0,255,0.7)"
+            },
+            "filterValues": {
+              "le": 1e-9
+            },
+            "legend": {
+              "show": true
+            },
+            "rowsFrame": {
+              "layout": "auto"
+            },
+            "showValue": "never",
+            "tooltip": {
+              "show": true,
+              "yHistogram": true
+            },
+            "yAxis": {
+              "axisPlacement": "left",
+              "decimals": 0,
+              "reverse": false,
+              "unit": "short"
+            }
+          },
+          "pluginVersion": "9.2.2",
           "reverseYBuckets": false,
           "targets": [
             {
@@ -10602,7 +11157,6 @@
           "description": "For a given percentage P, the number X where P% of events were persisted to rooms with X forward extremities or fewer.",
           "fieldConfig": {
             "defaults": {
-              "custom": {},
               "links": []
             },
             "overrides": []
@@ -10630,8 +11184,11 @@
           "linewidth": 1,
           "links": [],
           "nullPointMode": "null",
+          "options": {
+            "alertThreshold": true
+          },
           "percentage": false,
-          "pluginVersion": "7.1.3",
+          "pluginVersion": "9.2.2",
           "pointradius": 2,
           "points": false,
           "renderer": "flot",
@@ -10732,7 +11289,16 @@
           "description": "Colour reflects the number of events persisted to rooms with the given number of stale forward extremities, or fewer.\n\nStale forward extremities are those that were in the previous set of extremities as well as the new.",
           "fieldConfig": {
             "defaults": {
-              "custom": {}
+              "custom": {
+                "hideFrom": {
+                  "legend": false,
+                  "tooltip": false,
+                  "viz": false
+                },
+                "scaleDistribution": {
+                  "type": "linear"
+                }
+              }
             },
             "overrides": []
           },
@@ -10750,6 +11316,46 @@
             "show": true
           },
           "links": [],
+          "options": {
+            "calculate": false,
+            "calculation": {},
+            "cellGap": 1,
+            "cellValues": {},
+            "color": {
+              "exponent": 0.5,
+              "fill": "#FF9830",
+              "min": 0,
+              "mode": "opacity",
+              "reverse": false,
+              "scale": "exponential",
+              "scheme": "Oranges",
+              "steps": 128
+            },
+            "exemplars": {
+              "color": "rgba(255,0,255,0.7)"
+            },
+            "filterValues": {
+              "le": 1e-9
+            },
+            "legend": {
+              "show": true
+            },
+            "rowsFrame": {
+              "layout": "auto"
+            },
+            "showValue": "never",
+            "tooltip": {
+              "show": true,
+              "yHistogram": true
+            },
+            "yAxis": {
+              "axisPlacement": "left",
+              "decimals": 0,
+              "reverse": false,
+              "unit": "short"
+            }
+          },
+          "pluginVersion": "9.2.2",
           "reverseYBuckets": false,
           "targets": [
             {
@@ -10791,7 +11397,6 @@
           "description": "For  given percentage P, the number X where P% of events were persisted to rooms with X stale forward extremities or fewer.\n\nStale forward extremities are those that were in the previous set of extremities as well as the new.",
           "fieldConfig": {
             "defaults": {
-              "custom": {},
               "links": []
             },
             "overrides": []
@@ -10819,8 +11424,11 @@
           "linewidth": 1,
           "links": [],
           "nullPointMode": "null",
+          "options": {
+            "alertThreshold": true
+          },
           "percentage": false,
-          "pluginVersion": "7.1.3",
+          "pluginVersion": "9.2.2",
           "pointradius": 2,
           "points": false,
           "renderer": "flot",
@@ -10921,7 +11529,16 @@
           "description": "Colour reflects the number of state resolution operations performed over the given number of state groups, or fewer.",
           "fieldConfig": {
             "defaults": {
-              "custom": {}
+              "custom": {
+                "hideFrom": {
+                  "legend": false,
+                  "tooltip": false,
+                  "viz": false
+                },
+                "scaleDistribution": {
+                  "type": "linear"
+                }
+              }
             },
             "overrides": []
           },
@@ -10939,6 +11556,46 @@
             "show": true
           },
           "links": [],
+          "options": {
+            "calculate": false,
+            "calculation": {},
+            "cellGap": 1,
+            "cellValues": {},
+            "color": {
+              "exponent": 0.5,
+              "fill": "#73BF69",
+              "min": 0,
+              "mode": "opacity",
+              "reverse": false,
+              "scale": "exponential",
+              "scheme": "Oranges",
+              "steps": 128
+            },
+            "exemplars": {
+              "color": "rgba(255,0,255,0.7)"
+            },
+            "filterValues": {
+              "le": 1e-9
+            },
+            "legend": {
+              "show": true
+            },
+            "rowsFrame": {
+              "layout": "auto"
+            },
+            "showValue": "never",
+            "tooltip": {
+              "show": true,
+              "yHistogram": true
+            },
+            "yAxis": {
+              "axisPlacement": "left",
+              "decimals": 0,
+              "reverse": false,
+              "unit": "short"
+            }
+          },
+          "pluginVersion": "9.2.2",
           "reverseYBuckets": false,
           "targets": [
             {
@@ -10976,12 +11633,12 @@
           "dashLength": 10,
           "dashes": false,
           "datasource": {
+            "type": "prometheus",
             "uid": "$datasource"
           },
           "description": "For a given percentage P, the number X where P% of state resolution operations took place over X state groups or fewer.",
           "fieldConfig": {
             "defaults": {
-              "custom": {},
               "links": []
             },
             "overrides": []
@@ -11010,8 +11667,11 @@
           "linewidth": 1,
           "links": [],
           "nullPointMode": "null",
+          "options": {
+            "alertThreshold": true
+          },
           "percentage": false,
-          "pluginVersion": "7.1.3",
+          "pluginVersion": "9.2.2",
           "pointradius": 2,
           "points": false,
           "renderer": "flot",
@@ -11024,11 +11684,13 @@
               "datasource": {
                 "uid": "$datasource"
               },
+              "editorMode": "code",
               "expr": "histogram_quantile(0.5, rate(synapse_state_number_state_groups_in_resolution_bucket{instance=\"$instance\",job=~\"$job\",index=~\"$index\"}[$bucket_size]))",
               "format": "time_series",
               "interval": "",
               "intervalFactor": 1,
               "legendFormat": "50%",
+              "range": true,
               "refId": "A"
             },
             {
@@ -11106,12 +11768,6 @@
             "uid": "$datasource"
           },
           "description": "When we do a state res while persisting events we try and see if we can prune any stale extremities.",
-          "fieldConfig": {
-            "defaults": {
-              "custom": {}
-            },
-            "overrides": []
-          },
           "fill": 1,
           "fillGradient": 0,
           "gridPos": {
@@ -11134,8 +11790,11 @@
           "lines": true,
           "linewidth": 1,
           "nullPointMode": "null",
+          "options": {
+            "alertThreshold": true
+          },
           "percentage": false,
-          "pluginVersion": "7.1.3",
+          "pluginVersion": "9.2.2",
           "pointradius": 2,
           "points": false,
           "renderer": "flot",
@@ -12218,6 +12877,8 @@
                 "mode": "palette-classic"
               },
               "custom": {
+                "axisCenteredZero": false,
+                "axisColorMode": "text",
                 "axisLabel": "",
                 "axisPlacement": "auto",
                 "barAlignment": 0,
@@ -12266,7 +12927,7 @@
             "h": 8,
             "w": 12,
             "x": 0,
-            "y": 46
+            "y": 47
           },
           "id": 191,
           "options": {
@@ -12314,7 +12975,7 @@
             "h": 8,
             "w": 12,
             "x": 12,
-            "y": 46
+            "y": 47
           },
           "hiddenSeries": false,
           "id": 193,
@@ -12334,7 +12995,7 @@
             "alertThreshold": true
           },
           "percentage": false,
-          "pluginVersion": "9.0.4",
+          "pluginVersion": "9.2.2",
           "pointradius": 2,
           "points": false,
           "renderer": "flot",
@@ -12404,11 +13065,26 @@
             "type": "prometheus",
             "uid": "$datasource"
           },
+          "fieldConfig": {
+            "defaults": {
+              "custom": {
+                "hideFrom": {
+                  "legend": false,
+                  "tooltip": false,
+                  "viz": false
+                },
+                "scaleDistribution": {
+                  "type": "linear"
+                }
+              }
+            },
+            "overrides": []
+          },
           "gridPos": {
             "h": 8,
             "w": 12,
             "x": 0,
-            "y": 54
+            "y": 55
           },
           "heatmap": {},
           "hideZeroBuckets": false,
@@ -12418,6 +13094,48 @@
             "show": false
           },
           "links": [],
+          "options": {
+            "calculate": false,
+            "calculation": {},
+            "cellGap": -1,
+            "cellValues": {
+              "decimals": 2
+            },
+            "color": {
+              "exponent": 0.5,
+              "fill": "#b4ff00",
+              "min": 0,
+              "mode": "scheme",
+              "reverse": false,
+              "scale": "exponential",
+              "scheme": "Inferno",
+              "steps": 128
+            },
+            "exemplars": {
+              "color": "rgba(255,0,255,0.7)"
+            },
+            "filterValues": {
+              "le": 1e-9
+            },
+            "legend": {
+              "show": false
+            },
+            "rowsFrame": {
+              "layout": "auto"
+            },
+            "showValue": "never",
+            "tooltip": {
+              "show": true,
+              "yHistogram": true
+            },
+            "yAxis": {
+              "axisPlacement": "left",
+              "decimals": 0,
+              "reverse": false,
+              "unit": "s"
+            }
+          },
+          "pluginVersion": "9.2.2",
           "reverseYBuckets": false,
           "targets": [
             {
@@ -12463,6 +13181,8 @@
                 "mode": "palette-classic"
               },
               "custom": {
+                "axisCenteredZero": false,
+                "axisColorMode": "text",
                 "axisLabel": "",
                 "axisPlacement": "auto",
                 "barAlignment": 0,
@@ -12507,7 +13227,7 @@
             "h": 8,
             "w": 12,
             "x": 12,
-            "y": 54
+            "y": 55
           },
           "id": 223,
           "options": {
@@ -12757,6 +13477,6 @@
   "timezone": "",
   "title": "Synapse",
   "uid": "000000012",
-  "version": 150,
+  "version": 160,
   "weekStart": ""
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+}
diff --git a/docker/Dockerfile b/docker/Dockerfile
index 6107dced43..12cff84131 100644
--- a/docker/Dockerfile
+++ b/docker/Dockerfile
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ ARG PYTHON_VERSION=3.11
 ###
 # We hardcode the use of Debian bullseye here because this could change upstream
 # and other Dockerfiles used for testing are expecting bullseye.
-FROM docker.io/python:${PYTHON_VERSION}-slim-bullseye as requirements
+FROM docker.io/library/python:${PYTHON_VERSION}-slim-bullseye as requirements
 
 # RUN --mount is specific to buildkit and is documented at
 # https://github.com/moby/buildkit/blob/master/frontend/dockerfile/docs/syntax.md#build-mounts-run---mount.
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ RUN if [ -z "$TEST_ONLY_IGNORE_POETRY_LOCKFILE" ]; then \
 ###
 ### Stage 1: builder
 ###
-FROM docker.io/python:${PYTHON_VERSION}-slim-bullseye as builder
+FROM docker.io/library/python:${PYTHON_VERSION}-slim-bullseye as builder
 
 # install the OS build deps
 RUN \
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/synapse/target,sharing=locked \
 ### Stage 2: runtime
 ###
 
-FROM docker.io/python:${PYTHON_VERSION}-slim-bullseye
+FROM docker.io/library/python:${PYTHON_VERSION}-slim-bullseye
 
 LABEL org.opencontainers.image.url='https://matrix.org/docs/projects/server/synapse'
 LABEL org.opencontainers.image.documentation='https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/blob/master/docker/README.md'
diff --git a/docker/Dockerfile-dhvirtualenv b/docker/Dockerfile-dhvirtualenv
index 2013732422..861129ebc2 100644
--- a/docker/Dockerfile-dhvirtualenv
+++ b/docker/Dockerfile-dhvirtualenv
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ ARG distro=""
 # https://launchpad.net/~jyrki-pulliainen/+archive/ubuntu/dh-virtualenv, but
 # it's not obviously easier to use that than to build our own.)
 
-FROM ${distro} as builder
+FROM docker.io/library/${distro} as builder
 
 RUN apt-get update -qq -o Acquire::Languages=none
 RUN env DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get install \
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ RUN cd /dh-virtualenv && DEB_BUILD_OPTIONS=nodoc dpkg-buildpackage -us -uc -b
 ###
 ### Stage 1
 ###
-FROM ${distro}
+FROM docker.io/library/${distro}
 
 # Get the distro we want to pull from as a dynamic build variable
 # (We need to define it in each build stage)
diff --git a/docker/Dockerfile-workers b/docker/Dockerfile-workers
index faf7f2cef8..31d6d33407 100644
--- a/docker/Dockerfile-workers
+++ b/docker/Dockerfile-workers
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ ARG FROM=matrixdotorg/synapse:$SYNAPSE_VERSION
 # target image. For repeated rebuilds, this is much faster than apt installing
 # each time.
 
-FROM debian:bullseye-slim AS deps_base
+FROM docker.io/library/debian:bullseye-slim AS deps_base
     RUN \
        --mount=type=cache,target=/var/cache/apt,sharing=locked \
        --mount=type=cache,target=/var/lib/apt,sharing=locked \
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ FROM debian:bullseye-slim AS deps_base
 # which makes it much easier to copy (but we need to make sure we use an image
 # based on the same debian version as the synapse image, to make sure we get
 # the expected version of libc.
-FROM redis:6-bullseye AS redis_base
+FROM docker.io/library/redis:7-bullseye AS redis_base
 
 # now build the final image, based on the the regular Synapse docker image
 FROM $FROM
diff --git a/docker/README.md b/docker/README.md
index eda3221c23..08372e95c6 100644
--- a/docker/README.md
+++ b/docker/README.md
@@ -73,7 +73,8 @@ The following environment variables are supported in `generate` mode:
   will log sensitive information such as access tokens.
   This should not be needed unless you are a developer attempting to debug something
   particularly tricky.
-
+* `SYNAPSE_LOG_TESTING`: if set, Synapse will log additional information useful
+  for testing.
 
 ## Postgres
 
diff --git a/docker/complement/Dockerfile b/docker/complement/Dockerfile
index be1aa1c55e..5103068a49 100644
--- a/docker/complement/Dockerfile
+++ b/docker/complement/Dockerfile
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 # https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/blob/develop/docker/README-testing.md#testing-with-postgresql-and-single-or-multi-process-synapse
 
 ARG SYNAPSE_VERSION=latest
+# This is an intermediate image, to be built locally (not pulled from a registry).
 ARG FROM=matrixdotorg/synapse-workers:$SYNAPSE_VERSION
 
 FROM $FROM
@@ -19,8 +20,8 @@ FROM $FROM
     # the same debian version as Synapse's docker image (so the versions of the
     # shared libraries match).
     RUN adduser --system --uid 999 postgres --home /var/lib/postgresql
-    COPY --from=postgres:13-bullseye /usr/lib/postgresql /usr/lib/postgresql
-    COPY --from=postgres:13-bullseye /usr/share/postgresql /usr/share/postgresql
+    COPY --from=docker.io/library/postgres:13-bullseye /usr/lib/postgresql /usr/lib/postgresql
+    COPY --from=docker.io/library/postgres:13-bullseye /usr/share/postgresql /usr/share/postgresql
     RUN mkdir /var/run/postgresql && chown postgres /var/run/postgresql
     ENV PATH="${PATH}:/usr/lib/postgresql/13/bin"
     ENV PGDATA=/var/lib/postgresql/data
diff --git a/docker/conf/log.config b/docker/conf/log.config
index 90b5179838..5772321202 100644
--- a/docker/conf/log.config
+++ b/docker/conf/log.config
@@ -49,17 +49,35 @@ handlers:
     class: logging.StreamHandler
     formatter: precise
 
-{% if not SYNAPSE_LOG_SENSITIVE %}
-{#
-  If SYNAPSE_LOG_SENSITIVE is unset, then override synapse.storage.SQL to INFO
-  so that DEBUG entries (containing sensitive information) are not emitted.
-#}
 loggers:
+    # This is just here so we can leave `loggers` in the config regardless of whether
+    # we configure other loggers below (avoid empty yaml dict error).
+    _placeholder:
+        level: "INFO"
+
+    {% if not SYNAPSE_LOG_SENSITIVE %}
+    {#
+      If SYNAPSE_LOG_SENSITIVE is unset, then override synapse.storage.SQL to INFO
+      so that DEBUG entries (containing sensitive information) are not emitted.
+    #}
     synapse.storage.SQL:
         # beware: increasing this to DEBUG will make synapse log sensitive
         # information such as access tokens.
         level: INFO
-{% endif %}
+    {% endif %}
+
+    {% if SYNAPSE_LOG_TESTING %}
+    {#
+      If Synapse is under test, log a few more useful things for a developer
+      attempting to debug something particularly tricky.
+
+      With `synapse.visibility.filtered_event_debug`, it logs when events are (maybe
+      unexpectedly) filtered out of responses in tests. It's just nice to be able to
+      look at the CI log and figure out why an event isn't being returned.
+    #}
+    synapse.visibility.filtered_event_debug:
+        level: DEBUG
+    {% endif %}
 
 root:
     level: {{ SYNAPSE_LOG_LEVEL or "INFO" }}
diff --git a/docker/configure_workers_and_start.py b/docker/configure_workers_and_start.py
index 79b5b87397..87a740e3d4 100755
--- a/docker/configure_workers_and_start.py
+++ b/docker/configure_workers_and_start.py
@@ -40,6 +40,8 @@
 #         log level. INFO is the default.
 #   * SYNAPSE_LOG_SENSITIVE: If unset, SQL and SQL values won't be logged,
 #         regardless of the SYNAPSE_LOG_LEVEL setting.
+#   * SYNAPSE_LOG_TESTING: if set, Synapse will log additional information useful
+#     for testing.
 #
 # NOTE: According to Complement's ENTRYPOINT expectations for a homeserver image (as defined
 # in the project's README), this script may be run multiple times, and functionality should
@@ -947,6 +949,7 @@ def generate_worker_log_config(
     extra_log_template_args["SYNAPSE_LOG_SENSITIVE"] = environ.get(
         "SYNAPSE_LOG_SENSITIVE"
     )
+    extra_log_template_args["SYNAPSE_LOG_TESTING"] = environ.get("SYNAPSE_LOG_TESTING")
 
     # Render and write the file
     log_config_filepath = f"/conf/workers/{worker_name}.log.config"
diff --git a/docker/editable.Dockerfile b/docker/editable.Dockerfile
index 0e8cf2e712..c53ce1c718 100644
--- a/docker/editable.Dockerfile
+++ b/docker/editable.Dockerfile
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ ARG PYTHON_VERSION=3.9
 ###
 # We hardcode the use of Debian bullseye here because this could change upstream
 # and other Dockerfiles used for testing are expecting bullseye.
-FROM docker.io/python:${PYTHON_VERSION}-slim-bullseye
+FROM docker.io/library/python:${PYTHON_VERSION}-slim-bullseye
 
 # Install Rust and other dependencies (stolen from normal Dockerfile)
 # install the OS build deps
diff --git a/docs/usage/configuration/config_documentation.md b/docs/usage/configuration/config_documentation.md
index 5ede6d0a82..0cf6e075ff 100644
--- a/docs/usage/configuration/config_documentation.md
+++ b/docs/usage/configuration/config_documentation.md
@@ -2570,7 +2570,50 @@ Example configuration:
 ```yaml
 nonrefreshable_access_token_lifetime: 24h
 ```
+---
+### `ui_auth`
+
+The amount of time to allow a user-interactive authentication session to be active.
 
+This defaults to 0, meaning the user is queried for their credentials
+before every action, but this can be overridden to allow a single
+validation to be re-used.  This weakens the protections afforded by
+the user-interactive authentication process, by allowing for multiple
+(and potentially different) operations to use the same validation session.
+
+This is ignored for potentially "dangerous" operations (including
+deactivating an account, modifying an account password, adding a 3PID,
+and minting additional login tokens).
+
+Use the `session_timeout` sub-option here to change the time allowed for credential validation.
+
+Example configuration:
+```yaml
+ui_auth:
+    session_timeout: "15s"
+```
+---
+### `login_via_existing_session`
+
+Matrix supports the ability of an existing session to mint a login token for
+another client.
+
+Synapse disables this by default as it has security ramifications -- a malicious
+client could use the mechanism to spawn more than one session.
+
+The duration of time the generated token is valid for can be configured with the
+`token_timeout` sub-option.
+
+User-interactive authentication is required when this is enabled unless the
+`require_ui_auth` sub-option is set to `False`.
+
+Example configuration:
+```yaml
+login_via_existing_session:
+    enabled: true
+    require_ui_auth: false
+    token_timeout: "5m"
+```
 ---
 ## Metrics
 Config options related to metrics.
@@ -3415,28 +3458,6 @@ password_config:
       require_uppercase: true
 ```
 ---
-### `ui_auth`
-
-The amount of time to allow a user-interactive authentication session to be active.
-
-This defaults to 0, meaning the user is queried for their credentials
-before every action, but this can be overridden to allow a single
-validation to be re-used.  This weakens the protections afforded by
-the user-interactive authentication process, by allowing for multiple
-(and potentially different) operations to use the same validation session.
-
-This is ignored for potentially "dangerous" operations (including
-deactivating an account, modifying an account password, and
-adding a 3PID).
-
-Use the `session_timeout` sub-option here to change the time allowed for credential validation.
-
-Example configuration:
-```yaml
-ui_auth:
-    session_timeout: "15s"
-```
----
 ## Push
 Configuration settings related to push notifications
 
diff --git a/mypy.ini b/mypy.ini
index a7ec66196d..1038b7d8c7 100644
--- a/mypy.ini
+++ b/mypy.ini
@@ -2,17 +2,29 @@
 namespace_packages = True
 plugins = pydantic.mypy, mypy_zope:plugin, scripts-dev/mypy_synapse_plugin.py
 follow_imports = normal
-check_untyped_defs = True
 show_error_codes = True
 show_traceback = True
 mypy_path = stubs
 warn_unreachable = True
-warn_unused_ignores = True
 local_partial_types = True
 no_implicit_optional = True
+
+# Strict checks, see mypy --help
+warn_unused_configs = True
+# disallow_any_generics = True
+disallow_subclassing_any = True
+# disallow_untyped_calls = True
 disallow_untyped_defs = True
-strict_equality = True
+disallow_incomplete_defs = True
+# check_untyped_defs = True
+# disallow_untyped_decorators = True
 warn_redundant_casts = True
+warn_unused_ignores = True
+# warn_return_any = True
+# no_implicit_reexport = True
+strict_equality = True
+strict_concatenate = True
+
 # Run mypy type checking with the minimum supported Python version to catch new usage
 # that isn't backwards-compatible (types, overloads, etc).
 python_version = 3.8
@@ -31,6 +43,7 @@ warn_unused_ignores = False
 
 [mypy-synapse.util.caches.treecache]
 disallow_untyped_defs = False
+disallow_incomplete_defs = False
 
 ;; Dependencies without annotations
 ;; Before ignoring a module, check to see if type stubs are available.
@@ -40,18 +53,18 @@ disallow_untyped_defs = False
 ;; which we can pull in as a dev dependency by adding to `pyproject.toml`'s
 ;; `[tool.poetry.dev-dependencies]` list.
 
+# https://github.com/lepture/authlib/issues/460
 [mypy-authlib.*]
 ignore_missing_imports = True
 
 [mypy-ijson.*]
 ignore_missing_imports = True
 
-[mypy-lxml]
-ignore_missing_imports = True
-
+# https://github.com/msgpack/msgpack-python/issues/448
 [mypy-msgpack]
 ignore_missing_imports = True
 
+# https://github.com/wolever/parameterized/issues/143
 [mypy-parameterized.*]
 ignore_missing_imports = True
 
@@ -73,6 +86,7 @@ ignore_missing_imports = True
 [mypy-srvlookup.*]
 ignore_missing_imports = True
 
+# https://github.com/twisted/treq/pull/366
 [mypy-treq.*]
 ignore_missing_imports = True
 
diff --git a/poetry.lock b/poetry.lock
index 0879e64cf1..1f5cb3a3a8 100644
--- a/poetry.lock
+++ b/poetry.lock
@@ -867,14 +867,14 @@ files = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "importlib-metadata"
-version = "6.1.0"
+version = "6.6.0"
 description = "Read metadata from Python packages"
 category = "main"
 optional = false
 python-versions = ">=3.7"
 files = [
-    {file = "importlib_metadata-6.1.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:ff80f3b5394912eb1b108fcfd444dc78b7f1f3e16b16188054bd01cb9cb86f09"},
-    {file = "importlib_metadata-6.1.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:43ce9281e097583d758c2c708c4376371261a02c34682491a8e98352365aad20"},
+    {file = "importlib_metadata-6.6.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:43dd286a2cd8995d5eaef7fee2066340423b818ed3fd70adf0bad5f1fac53fed"},
+    {file = "importlib_metadata-6.6.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:92501cdf9cc66ebd3e612f1b4f0c0765dfa42f0fa38ffb319b6bd84dd675d705"},
 ]
 
 [package.dependencies]
@@ -1216,6 +1216,21 @@ htmlsoup = ["BeautifulSoup4"]
 source = ["Cython (>=0.29.7)"]
 
 [[package]]
+name = "lxml-stubs"
+version = "0.4.0"
+description = "Type annotations for the lxml package"
+category = "dev"
+optional = false
+python-versions = "*"
+files = [
+    {file = "lxml-stubs-0.4.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:184877b42127256abc2b932ba8bd0ab5ea80bd0b0fee618d16daa40e0b71abee"},
+    {file = "lxml_stubs-0.4.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:3b381e9e82397c64ea3cc4d6f79d1255d015f7b114806d4826218805c10ec003"},
+]
+
+[package.extras]
+test = ["coverage[toml] (==5.2)", "pytest (>=6.0.0)", "pytest-mypy-plugins (==1.9.3)"]
+
+[[package]]
 name = "markdown-it-py"
 version = "2.2.0"
 description = "Python port of markdown-it. Markdown parsing, done right!"
@@ -1848,14 +1863,14 @@ psycopg2 = "*"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "pyasn1"
-version = "0.4.8"
-description = "ASN.1 types and codecs"
+version = "0.5.0"
+description = "Pure-Python implementation of ASN.1 types and DER/BER/CER codecs (X.208)"
 category = "main"
 optional = false
-python-versions = "*"
+python-versions = "!=3.0.*,!=3.1.*,!=3.2.*,!=3.3.*,!=3.4.*,!=3.5.*,>=2.7"
 files = [
-    {file = "pyasn1-0.4.8-py2.py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:39c7e2ec30515947ff4e87fb6f456dfc6e84857d34be479c9d4a4ba4bf46aa5d"},
-    {file = "pyasn1-0.4.8.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:aef77c9fb94a3ac588e87841208bdec464471d9871bd5050a287cc9a475cd0ba"},
+    {file = "pyasn1-0.5.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:87a2121042a1ac9358cabcaf1d07680ff97ee6404333bacca15f76aa8ad01a57"},
+    {file = "pyasn1-0.5.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:97b7290ca68e62a832558ec3976f15cbf911bf5d7c7039d8b861c2a0ece69fde"},
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2382,19 +2397,19 @@ doc = ["Sphinx", "sphinx-rtd-theme"]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "sentry-sdk"
-version = "1.22.1"
+version = "1.25.0"
 description = "Python client for Sentry (https://sentry.io)"
 category = "main"
 optional = true
 python-versions = "*"
 files = [
-    {file = "sentry-sdk-1.22.1.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:052dff5069c6f0d836ee014323576824a9b40836fc003fb12489a1f19c60a3c9"},
-    {file = "sentry_sdk-1.22.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:c6c6946f8c927adb00af1c5ab6921df38775b2199b9003816d5935a1310352d5"},
+    {file = "sentry-sdk-1.25.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:5be3296fc574fa8a4d9b213b4dcf8c8d0246c08f8bd78315c6286f386c37555a"},
+    {file = "sentry_sdk-1.25.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:fe85cf5d0b3d0aa3480df689f9f6dc487de783defb0a95043368375dc893645e"},
 ]
 
 [package.dependencies]
 certifi = "*"
-urllib3 = {version = ">=1.26.11,<2.0.0", markers = "python_version >= \"3.6\""}
+urllib3 = {version = ">=1.26.11", markers = "python_version >= \"3.6\""}
 
 [package.extras]
 aiohttp = ["aiohttp (>=3.5)"]
@@ -2406,10 +2421,11 @@ chalice = ["chalice (>=1.16.0)"]
 django = ["django (>=1.8)"]
 falcon = ["falcon (>=1.4)"]
 fastapi = ["fastapi (>=0.79.0)"]
-flask = ["blinker (>=1.1)", "flask (>=0.11)"]
+flask = ["blinker (>=1.1)", "flask (>=0.11)", "markupsafe"]
 grpcio = ["grpcio (>=1.21.1)"]
 httpx = ["httpx (>=0.16.0)"]
 huey = ["huey (>=2)"]
+loguru = ["loguru (>=0.5)"]
 opentelemetry = ["opentelemetry-distro (>=0.35b0)"]
 pure-eval = ["asttokens", "executing", "pure-eval"]
 pymongo = ["pymongo (>=3.1)"]
@@ -3022,14 +3038,14 @@ files = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "types-jsonschema"
-version = "4.17.0.7"
+version = "4.17.0.8"
 description = "Typing stubs for jsonschema"
 category = "dev"
 optional = false
 python-versions = "*"
 files = [
-    {file = "types-jsonschema-4.17.0.7.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:130e57c5f1ca755f95775d0822ad7a3907294e1461306af54baf804f317fd54c"},
-    {file = "types_jsonschema-4.17.0.7-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:e129b52be6df841d97a98f087631dd558f7812eb91ff7b733c3301bd2446271b"},
+    {file = "types-jsonschema-4.17.0.8.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:96a56990910f405e62de58862c0bbb3ac29ee6dba6d3d99aa0ba7f874cc547de"},
+    {file = "types_jsonschema-4.17.0.8-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:f5958eb7b53217dfb5125f0412aeaef226a8a9013eac95816c95b5b523f6796b"},
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -3109,14 +3125,14 @@ files = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "types-requests"
-version = "2.31.0.0"
+version = "2.31.0.1"
 description = "Typing stubs for requests"
 category = "dev"
 optional = false
 python-versions = "*"
 files = [
-    {file = "types-requests-2.31.0.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:c1c29d20ab8d84dff468d7febfe8e0cb0b4664543221b386605e14672b44ea25"},
-    {file = "types_requests-2.31.0.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:7c5cea7940f8e92ec560bbc468f65bf684aa3dcf0554a6f8c4710f5f708dc598"},
+    {file = "types-requests-2.31.0.1.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:3de667cffa123ce698591de0ad7db034a5317457a596eb0b4944e5a9d9e8d1ac"},
+    {file = "types_requests-2.31.0.1-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:afb06ef8f25ba83d59a1d424bd7a5a939082f94b94e90ab5e6116bd2559deaa3"},
 ]
 
 [package.dependencies]
@@ -3427,4 +3443,4 @@ user-search = ["pyicu"]
 [metadata]
 lock-version = "2.0"
 python-versions = "^3.7.1"
-content-hash = "ef3a16dd66177f7141239e1a2d3e07cc14c08f1e4e0c5127184d022bc062da52"
+content-hash = "7ad11e62a675e09444cf33ca2de3216fc4efc5874a2575e54d95d577a52439d3"
diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml
index 5b6123dff6..d9ce1d84d6 100644
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -314,6 +314,7 @@ black = ">=22.3.0"
 ruff = "0.0.265"
 
 # Typechecking
+lxml-stubs = ">=0.4.0"
 mypy = "*"
 mypy-zope = "*"
 types-bleach = ">=4.1.0"
diff --git a/rust/benches/evaluator.rs b/rust/benches/evaluator.rs
index 64e13f6486..c2f33258a4 100644
--- a/rust/benches/evaluator.rs
+++ b/rust/benches/evaluator.rs
@@ -13,8 +13,6 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 
 #![feature(test)]
-use std::collections::BTreeSet;
-
 use synapse::push::{
     evaluator::PushRuleEvaluator, Condition, EventMatchCondition, FilteredPushRules, JsonValue,
     PushRules, SimpleJsonValue,
@@ -197,7 +195,6 @@ fn bench_eval_message(b: &mut Bencher) {
         false,
         false,
         false,
-        false,
     );
 
     b.iter(|| eval.run(&rules, Some("bob"), Some("person")));
diff --git a/rust/src/push/base_rules.rs b/rust/src/push/base_rules.rs
index 51372e1553..9d6c304d92 100644
--- a/rust/src/push/base_rules.rs
+++ b/rust/src/push/base_rules.rs
@@ -142,11 +142,11 @@ pub const BASE_APPEND_OVERRIDE_RULES: &[PushRule] = &[
         default_enabled: true,
     },
     PushRule {
-        rule_id: Cow::Borrowed(".org.matrix.msc3952.is_user_mention"),
+        rule_id: Cow::Borrowed("global/override/.m.is_user_mention"),
         priority_class: 5,
         conditions: Cow::Borrowed(&[Condition::Known(
             KnownCondition::ExactEventPropertyContainsType(EventPropertyIsTypeCondition {
-                key: Cow::Borrowed("content.org\\.matrix\\.msc3952\\.mentions.user_ids"),
+                key: Cow::Borrowed("content.m\\.mentions.user_ids"),
                 value_type: Cow::Borrowed(&EventMatchPatternType::UserId),
             }),
         )]),
@@ -163,11 +163,11 @@ pub const BASE_APPEND_OVERRIDE_RULES: &[PushRule] = &[
         default_enabled: true,
     },
     PushRule {
-        rule_id: Cow::Borrowed(".org.matrix.msc3952.is_room_mention"),
+        rule_id: Cow::Borrowed("global/override/.m.is_room_mention"),
         priority_class: 5,
         conditions: Cow::Borrowed(&[
             Condition::Known(KnownCondition::EventPropertyIs(EventPropertyIsCondition {
-                key: Cow::Borrowed("content.org\\.matrix\\.msc3952\\.mentions.room"),
+                key: Cow::Borrowed("content.m\\.mentions.room"),
                 value: Cow::Borrowed(&SimpleJsonValue::Bool(true)),
             })),
             Condition::Known(KnownCondition::SenderNotificationPermission {
diff --git a/rust/src/push/evaluator.rs b/rust/src/push/evaluator.rs
index 2d7c4c06be..59c53b1776 100644
--- a/rust/src/push/evaluator.rs
+++ b/rust/src/push/evaluator.rs
@@ -70,7 +70,9 @@ pub struct PushRuleEvaluator {
     /// The "content.body", if any.
     body: String,
 
-    /// True if the event has a mentions property and MSC3952 support is enabled.
+    /// True if the event has a m.mentions property. (Note that this is a separate
+    /// flag instead of checking flattened_keys since the m.mentions property
+    /// might be an empty map and not appear in flattened_keys.
     has_mentions: bool,
 
     /// The number of users in the room.
@@ -155,9 +157,7 @@ impl PushRuleEvaluator {
             let rule_id = &push_rule.rule_id().to_string();
 
             // For backwards-compatibility the legacy mention rules are disabled
-            // if the event contains the 'm.mentions' property (and if the
-            // experimental feature is enabled, both of these are represented
-            // by the has_mentions flag).
+            // if the event contains the 'm.mentions' property.
             if self.has_mentions
                 && (rule_id == "global/override/.m.rule.contains_display_name"
                     || rule_id == "global/content/.m.rule.contains_user_name"
@@ -562,7 +562,7 @@ fn test_requires_room_version_supports_condition() {
     };
     let rules = PushRules::new(vec![custom_rule]);
     result = evaluator.run(
-        &FilteredPushRules::py_new(rules, BTreeMap::new(), true, false, true, false, false),
+        &FilteredPushRules::py_new(rules, BTreeMap::new(), true, false, true, false),
         None,
         None,
     );
diff --git a/rust/src/push/mod.rs b/rust/src/push/mod.rs
index f19d3c739f..514980579b 100644
--- a/rust/src/push/mod.rs
+++ b/rust/src/push/mod.rs
@@ -527,7 +527,6 @@ pub struct FilteredPushRules {
     msc1767_enabled: bool,
     msc3381_polls_enabled: bool,
     msc3664_enabled: bool,
-    msc3952_intentional_mentions: bool,
     msc3958_suppress_edits_enabled: bool,
 }
 
@@ -540,7 +539,6 @@ impl FilteredPushRules {
         msc1767_enabled: bool,
         msc3381_polls_enabled: bool,
         msc3664_enabled: bool,
-        msc3952_intentional_mentions: bool,
         msc3958_suppress_edits_enabled: bool,
     ) -> Self {
         Self {
@@ -549,7 +547,6 @@ impl FilteredPushRules {
             msc1767_enabled,
             msc3381_polls_enabled,
             msc3664_enabled,
-            msc3952_intentional_mentions,
             msc3958_suppress_edits_enabled,
         }
     }
@@ -587,10 +584,6 @@ impl FilteredPushRules {
                     return false;
                 }
 
-                if !self.msc3952_intentional_mentions && rule.rule_id.contains("org.matrix.msc3952")
-                {
-                    return false;
-                }
                 if !self.msc3958_suppress_edits_enabled
                     && rule.rule_id == "global/override/.com.beeper.suppress_edits"
                 {
diff --git a/scripts-dev/build_debian_packages.py b/scripts-dev/build_debian_packages.py
index ede7665011..4c9f134ddd 100755
--- a/scripts-dev/build_debian_packages.py
+++ b/scripts-dev/build_debian_packages.py
@@ -20,6 +20,8 @@ from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor
 from types import FrameType
 from typing import Collection, Optional, Sequence, Set
 
+# These are expanded inside the dockerfile to be a fully qualified image name.
+# e.g. docker.io/library/debian:bullseye
 DISTS = (
     "debian:buster",  # oldstable: EOL 2022-08
     "debian:bullseye",
diff --git a/scripts-dev/complement.sh b/scripts-dev/complement.sh
index cba2799f15..131f26234e 100755
--- a/scripts-dev/complement.sh
+++ b/scripts-dev/complement.sh
@@ -269,6 +269,10 @@ if [[ -n "$SYNAPSE_TEST_LOG_LEVEL" ]]; then
   export PASS_SYNAPSE_LOG_SENSITIVE=1
 fi
 
+# Log a few more useful things for a developer attempting to debug something
+# particularly tricky.
+export PASS_SYNAPSE_LOG_TESTING=1
+
 # Run the tests!
 echo "Images built; running complement"
 cd "$COMPLEMENT_DIR"
diff --git a/stubs/synapse/synapse_rust/push.pyi b/stubs/synapse/synapse_rust/push.pyi
index 5d0ce4b1a4..d573a37b9a 100644
--- a/stubs/synapse/synapse_rust/push.pyi
+++ b/stubs/synapse/synapse_rust/push.pyi
@@ -46,7 +46,6 @@ class FilteredPushRules:
         msc1767_enabled: bool,
         msc3381_polls_enabled: bool,
         msc3664_enabled: bool,
-        msc3952_intentional_mentions: bool,
         msc3958_suppress_edits_enabled: bool,
     ): ...
     def rules(self) -> Collection[Tuple[PushRule, bool]]: ...
diff --git a/synapse/api/auth/__init__.py b/synapse/api/auth/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..90cfe39d76
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/api/auth/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,175 @@
+# Copyright 2023 The Matrix.org Foundation.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+from typing import Optional, Tuple
+
+from typing_extensions import Protocol
+
+from twisted.web.server import Request
+
+from synapse.appservice import ApplicationService
+from synapse.http.site import SynapseRequest
+from synapse.types import Requester
+
+# guests always get this device id.
+GUEST_DEVICE_ID = "guest_device"
+
+
+class Auth(Protocol):
+    """The interface that an auth provider must implement."""
+
+    async def check_user_in_room(
+        self,
+        room_id: str,
+        requester: Requester,
+        allow_departed_users: bool = False,
+    ) -> Tuple[str, Optional[str]]:
+        """Check if the user is in the room, or was at some point.
+        Args:
+            room_id: The room to check.
+
+            user_id: The user to check.
+
+            current_state: Optional map of the current state of the room.
+                If provided then that map is used to check whether they are a
+                member of the room. Otherwise the current membership is
+                loaded from the database.
+
+            allow_departed_users: if True, accept users that were previously
+                members but have now departed.
+
+        Raises:
+            AuthError if the user is/was not in the room.
+        Returns:
+            The current membership of the user in the room and the
+            membership event ID of the user.
+        """
+
+    async def get_user_by_req(
+        self,
+        request: SynapseRequest,
+        allow_guest: bool = False,
+        allow_expired: bool = False,
+    ) -> Requester:
+        """Get a registered user's ID.
+
+        Args:
+            request: An HTTP request with an access_token query parameter.
+            allow_guest: If False, will raise an AuthError if the user making the
+                request is a guest.
+            allow_expired: If True, allow the request through even if the account
+                is expired, or session token lifetime has ended. Note that
+                /login will deliver access tokens regardless of expiration.
+
+        Returns:
+            Resolves to the requester
+        Raises:
+            InvalidClientCredentialsError if no user by that token exists or the token
+                is invalid.
+            AuthError if access is denied for the user in the access token
+        """
+
+    async def validate_appservice_can_control_user_id(
+        self, app_service: ApplicationService, user_id: str
+    ) -> None:
+        """Validates that the app service is allowed to control
+        the given user.
+
+        Args:
+            app_service: The app service that controls the user
+            user_id: The author MXID that the app service is controlling
+
+        Raises:
+            AuthError: If the application service is not allowed to control the user
+                (user namespace regex does not match, wrong homeserver, etc)
+                or if the user has not been registered yet.
+        """
+
+    async def get_user_by_access_token(
+        self,
+        token: str,
+        allow_expired: bool = False,
+    ) -> Requester:
+        """Validate access token and get user_id from it
+
+        Args:
+            token: The access token to get the user by
+            allow_expired: If False, raises an InvalidClientTokenError
+                if the token is expired
+
+        Raises:
+            InvalidClientTokenError if a user by that token exists, but the token is
+                expired
+            InvalidClientCredentialsError if no user by that token exists or the token
+                is invalid
+        """
+
+    async def is_server_admin(self, requester: Requester) -> bool:
+        """Check if the given user is a local server admin.
+
+        Args:
+            requester: user to check
+
+        Returns:
+            True if the user is an admin
+        """
+
+    async def check_can_change_room_list(
+        self, room_id: str, requester: Requester
+    ) -> bool:
+        """Determine whether the user is allowed to edit the room's entry in the
+        published room list.
+
+        Args:
+            room_id
+            user
+        """
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def has_access_token(request: Request) -> bool:
+        """Checks if the request has an access_token.
+
+        Returns:
+            False if no access_token was given, True otherwise.
+        """
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def get_access_token_from_request(request: Request) -> str:
+        """Extracts the access_token from the request.
+
+        Args:
+            request: The http request.
+        Returns:
+            The access_token
+        Raises:
+            MissingClientTokenError: If there isn't a single access_token in the
+                request
+        """
+
+    async def check_user_in_room_or_world_readable(
+        self, room_id: str, requester: Requester, allow_departed_users: bool = False
+    ) -> Tuple[str, Optional[str]]:
+        """Checks that the user is or was in the room or the room is world
+        readable. If it isn't then an exception is raised.
+
+        Args:
+            room_id: room to check
+            user_id: user to check
+            allow_departed_users: if True, accept users that were previously
+                members but have now departed
+
+        Returns:
+            Resolves to the current membership of the user in the room and the
+            membership event ID of the user. If the user is not in the room and
+            never has been, then `(Membership.JOIN, None)` is returned.
+        """
diff --git a/synapse/api/auth.py b/synapse/api/auth/base.py
index 66e869bc2d..9321d6f186 100644
--- a/synapse/api/auth.py
+++ b/synapse/api/auth/base.py
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Copyright 2014 - 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+# Copyright 2023 The Matrix.org Foundation.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@
 import logging
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Optional, Tuple
 
-import pymacaroons
 from netaddr import IPAddress
 
 from twisted.web.server import Request
@@ -24,19 +23,11 @@ from synapse.api.constants import EventTypes, HistoryVisibility, Membership
 from synapse.api.errors import (
     AuthError,
     Codes,
-    InvalidClientTokenError,
     MissingClientTokenError,
     UnstableSpecAuthError,
 )
 from synapse.appservice import ApplicationService
-from synapse.http import get_request_user_agent
-from synapse.http.site import SynapseRequest
-from synapse.logging.opentracing import (
-    active_span,
-    force_tracing,
-    start_active_span,
-    trace,
-)
+from synapse.logging.opentracing import trace
 from synapse.types import Requester, create_requester
 from synapse.util.cancellation import cancellable
 
@@ -46,26 +37,13 @@ if TYPE_CHECKING:
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
-# guests always get this device id.
-GUEST_DEVICE_ID = "guest_device"
-
-
-class Auth:
-    """
-    This class contains functions for authenticating users of our client-server API.
-    """
+class BaseAuth:
+    """Common base class for all auth implementations."""
 
     def __init__(self, hs: "HomeServer"):
         self.hs = hs
-        self.clock = hs.get_clock()
         self.store = hs.get_datastores().main
-        self._account_validity_handler = hs.get_account_validity_handler()
         self._storage_controllers = hs.get_storage_controllers()
-        self._macaroon_generator = hs.get_macaroon_generator()
-
-        self._track_appservice_user_ips = hs.config.appservice.track_appservice_user_ips
-        self._track_puppeted_user_ips = hs.config.api.track_puppeted_user_ips
-        self._force_tracing_for_users = hs.config.tracing.force_tracing_for_users
 
     async def check_user_in_room(
         self,
@@ -119,139 +97,49 @@ class Auth:
             errcode=Codes.NOT_JOINED,
         )
 
-    @cancellable
-    async def get_user_by_req(
-        self,
-        request: SynapseRequest,
-        allow_guest: bool = False,
-        allow_expired: bool = False,
-    ) -> Requester:
-        """Get a registered user's ID.
+    @trace
+    async def check_user_in_room_or_world_readable(
+        self, room_id: str, requester: Requester, allow_departed_users: bool = False
+    ) -> Tuple[str, Optional[str]]:
+        """Checks that the user is or was in the room or the room is world
+        readable. If it isn't then an exception is raised.
 
         Args:
-            request: An HTTP request with an access_token query parameter.
-            allow_guest: If False, will raise an AuthError if the user making the
-                request is a guest.
-            allow_expired: If True, allow the request through even if the account
-                is expired, or session token lifetime has ended. Note that
-                /login will deliver access tokens regardless of expiration.
+            room_id: room to check
+            user_id: user to check
+            allow_departed_users: if True, accept users that were previously
+                members but have now departed
 
         Returns:
-            Resolves to the requester
-        Raises:
-            InvalidClientCredentialsError if no user by that token exists or the token
-                is invalid.
-            AuthError if access is denied for the user in the access token
+            Resolves to the current membership of the user in the room and the
+            membership event ID of the user. If the user is not in the room and
+            never has been, then `(Membership.JOIN, None)` is returned.
         """
-        parent_span = active_span()
-        with start_active_span("get_user_by_req"):
-            requester = await self._wrapped_get_user_by_req(
-                request, allow_guest, allow_expired
-            )
-
-            if parent_span:
-                if requester.authenticated_entity in self._force_tracing_for_users:
-                    # request tracing is enabled for this user, so we need to force it
-                    # tracing on for the parent span (which will be the servlet span).
-                    #
-                    # It's too late for the get_user_by_req span to inherit the setting,
-                    # so we also force it on for that.
-                    force_tracing()
-                    force_tracing(parent_span)
-                parent_span.set_tag(
-                    "authenticated_entity", requester.authenticated_entity
-                )
-                parent_span.set_tag("user_id", requester.user.to_string())
-                if requester.device_id is not None:
-                    parent_span.set_tag("device_id", requester.device_id)
-                if requester.app_service is not None:
-                    parent_span.set_tag("appservice_id", requester.app_service.id)
-            return requester
 
-    @cancellable
-    async def _wrapped_get_user_by_req(
-        self,
-        request: SynapseRequest,
-        allow_guest: bool,
-        allow_expired: bool,
-    ) -> Requester:
-        """Helper for get_user_by_req
-
-        Once get_user_by_req has set up the opentracing span, this does the actual work.
-        """
         try:
-            ip_addr = request.getClientAddress().host
-            user_agent = get_request_user_agent(request)
-
-            access_token = self.get_access_token_from_request(request)
-
-            # First check if it could be a request from an appservice
-            requester = await self._get_appservice_user(request)
-            if not requester:
-                # If not, it should be from a regular user
-                requester = await self.get_user_by_access_token(
-                    access_token, allow_expired=allow_expired
-                )
-
-                # Deny the request if the user account has expired.
-                # This check is only done for regular users, not appservice ones.
-                if not allow_expired:
-                    if await self._account_validity_handler.is_user_expired(
-                        requester.user.to_string()
-                    ):
-                        # Raise the error if either an account validity module has determined
-                        # the account has expired, or the legacy account validity
-                        # implementation is enabled and determined the account has expired
-                        raise AuthError(
-                            403,
-                            "User account has expired",
-                            errcode=Codes.EXPIRED_ACCOUNT,
-                        )
-
-            if ip_addr and (
-                not requester.app_service or self._track_appservice_user_ips
+            # check_user_in_room will return the most recent membership
+            # event for the user if:
+            #  * The user is a non-guest user, and was ever in the room
+            #  * The user is a guest user, and has joined the room
+            # else it will throw.
+            return await self.check_user_in_room(
+                room_id, requester, allow_departed_users=allow_departed_users
+            )
+        except AuthError:
+            visibility = await self._storage_controllers.state.get_current_state_event(
+                room_id, EventTypes.RoomHistoryVisibility, ""
+            )
+            if (
+                visibility
+                and visibility.content.get("history_visibility")
+                == HistoryVisibility.WORLD_READABLE
             ):
-                # XXX(quenting): I'm 95% confident that we could skip setting the
-                # device_id to "dummy-device" for appservices, and that the only impact
-                # would be some rows which whould not deduplicate in the 'user_ips'
-                # table during the transition
-                recorded_device_id = (
-                    "dummy-device"
-                    if requester.device_id is None and requester.app_service is not None
-                    else requester.device_id
-                )
-                await self.store.insert_client_ip(
-                    user_id=requester.authenticated_entity,
-                    access_token=access_token,
-                    ip=ip_addr,
-                    user_agent=user_agent,
-                    device_id=recorded_device_id,
-                )
-
-                # Track also the puppeted user client IP if enabled and the user is puppeting
-                if (
-                    requester.user.to_string() != requester.authenticated_entity
-                    and self._track_puppeted_user_ips
-                ):
-                    await self.store.insert_client_ip(
-                        user_id=requester.user.to_string(),
-                        access_token=access_token,
-                        ip=ip_addr,
-                        user_agent=user_agent,
-                        device_id=requester.device_id,
-                    )
-
-            if requester.is_guest and not allow_guest:
-                raise AuthError(
-                    403,
-                    "Guest access not allowed",
-                    errcode=Codes.GUEST_ACCESS_FORBIDDEN,
-                )
-
-            request.requester = requester
-            return requester
-        except KeyError:
-            raise MissingClientTokenError()
+                return Membership.JOIN, None
+            raise AuthError(
+                403,
+                "User %r not in room %s, and room previews are disabled"
+                % (requester.user, room_id),
+            )
 
     async def validate_appservice_can_control_user_id(
         self, app_service: ApplicationService, user_id: str
@@ -284,184 +172,16 @@ class Auth:
                 403, "Application service has not registered this user (%s)" % user_id
             )
 
-    @cancellable
-    async def _get_appservice_user(self, request: Request) -> Optional[Requester]:
-        """
-        Given a request, reads the request parameters to determine:
-        - whether it's an application service that's making this request
-        - what user the application service should be treated as controlling
-          (the user_id URI parameter allows an application service to masquerade
-          any applicable user in its namespace)
-        - what device the application service should be treated as controlling
-          (the device_id[^1] URI parameter allows an application service to masquerade
-          as any device that exists for the relevant user)
-
-        [^1] Unstable and provided by MSC3202.
-             Must use `org.matrix.msc3202.device_id` in place of `device_id` for now.
-
-        Returns:
-            the application service `Requester` of that request
-
-        Postconditions:
-        - The `app_service` field in the returned `Requester` is set
-        - The `user_id` field in the returned `Requester` is either the application
-          service sender or the controlled user set by the `user_id` URI parameter
-        - The returned application service is permitted to control the returned user ID.
-        - The returned device ID, if present, has been checked to be a valid device ID
-          for the returned user ID.
-        """
-        DEVICE_ID_ARG_NAME = b"org.matrix.msc3202.device_id"
-
-        app_service = self.store.get_app_service_by_token(
-            self.get_access_token_from_request(request)
-        )
-        if app_service is None:
-            return None
-
-        if app_service.ip_range_whitelist:
-            ip_address = IPAddress(request.getClientAddress().host)
-            if ip_address not in app_service.ip_range_whitelist:
-                return None
-
-        # This will always be set by the time Twisted calls us.
-        assert request.args is not None
-
-        if b"user_id" in request.args:
-            effective_user_id = request.args[b"user_id"][0].decode("utf8")
-            await self.validate_appservice_can_control_user_id(
-                app_service, effective_user_id
-            )
-        else:
-            effective_user_id = app_service.sender
-
-        effective_device_id: Optional[str] = None
-
-        if (
-            self.hs.config.experimental.msc3202_device_masquerading_enabled
-            and DEVICE_ID_ARG_NAME in request.args
-        ):
-            effective_device_id = request.args[DEVICE_ID_ARG_NAME][0].decode("utf8")
-            # We only just set this so it can't be None!
-            assert effective_device_id is not None
-            device_opt = await self.store.get_device(
-                effective_user_id, effective_device_id
-            )
-            if device_opt is None:
-                # For now, use 400 M_EXCLUSIVE if the device doesn't exist.
-                # This is an open thread of discussion on MSC3202 as of 2021-12-09.
-                raise AuthError(
-                    400,
-                    f"Application service trying to use a device that doesn't exist ('{effective_device_id}' for {effective_user_id})",
-                    Codes.EXCLUSIVE,
-                )
-
-        return create_requester(
-            effective_user_id, app_service=app_service, device_id=effective_device_id
-        )
-
-    async def get_user_by_access_token(
-        self,
-        token: str,
-        allow_expired: bool = False,
-    ) -> Requester:
-        """Validate access token and get user_id from it
-
-        Args:
-            token: The access token to get the user by
-            allow_expired: If False, raises an InvalidClientTokenError
-                if the token is expired
-
-        Raises:
-            InvalidClientTokenError if a user by that token exists, but the token is
-                expired
-            InvalidClientCredentialsError if no user by that token exists or the token
-                is invalid
-        """
-
-        # First look in the database to see if the access token is present
-        # as an opaque token.
-        user_info = await self.store.get_user_by_access_token(token)
-        if user_info:
-            valid_until_ms = user_info.valid_until_ms
-            if (
-                not allow_expired
-                and valid_until_ms is not None
-                and valid_until_ms < self.clock.time_msec()
-            ):
-                # there was a valid access token, but it has expired.
-                # soft-logout the user.
-                raise InvalidClientTokenError(
-                    msg="Access token has expired", soft_logout=True
-                )
-
-            # Mark the token as used. This is used to invalidate old refresh
-            # tokens after some time.
-            await self.store.mark_access_token_as_used(user_info.token_id)
-
-            requester = create_requester(
-                user_id=user_info.user_id,
-                access_token_id=user_info.token_id,
-                is_guest=user_info.is_guest,
-                shadow_banned=user_info.shadow_banned,
-                device_id=user_info.device_id,
-                authenticated_entity=user_info.token_owner,
-            )
-
-            return requester
-
-        # If the token isn't found in the database, then it could still be a
-        # macaroon for a guest, so we check that here.
-        try:
-            user_id = self._macaroon_generator.verify_guest_token(token)
-
-            # Guest access tokens are not stored in the database (there can
-            # only be one access token per guest, anyway).
-            #
-            # In order to prevent guest access tokens being used as regular
-            # user access tokens (and hence getting around the invalidation
-            # process), we look up the user id and check that it is indeed
-            # a guest user.
-            #
-            # It would of course be much easier to store guest access
-            # tokens in the database as well, but that would break existing
-            # guest tokens.
-            stored_user = await self.store.get_user_by_id(user_id)
-            if not stored_user:
-                raise InvalidClientTokenError("Unknown user_id %s" % user_id)
-            if not stored_user["is_guest"]:
-                raise InvalidClientTokenError(
-                    "Guest access token used for regular user"
-                )
-
-            return create_requester(
-                user_id=user_id,
-                is_guest=True,
-                # all guests get the same device id
-                device_id=GUEST_DEVICE_ID,
-                authenticated_entity=user_id,
-            )
-        except (
-            pymacaroons.exceptions.MacaroonException,
-            TypeError,
-            ValueError,
-        ) as e:
-            logger.warning(
-                "Invalid access token in auth: %s %s.",
-                type(e),
-                e,
-            )
-            raise InvalidClientTokenError("Invalid access token passed.")
-
     async def is_server_admin(self, requester: Requester) -> bool:
         """Check if the given user is a local server admin.
 
         Args:
-            requester: The user making the request, according to the access token.
+            requester: user to check
 
         Returns:
             True if the user is an admin
         """
-        return await self.store.is_server_admin(requester.user)
+        raise NotImplementedError()
 
     async def check_can_change_room_list(
         self, room_id: str, requester: Requester
@@ -470,8 +190,8 @@ class Auth:
         published room list.
 
         Args:
-            room_id: The room to check.
-            requester: The user making the request, according to the access token.
+            room_id
+            user
         """
 
         is_admin = await self.is_server_admin(requester)
@@ -518,7 +238,6 @@ class Auth:
         return bool(query_params) or bool(auth_headers)
 
     @staticmethod
-    @cancellable
     def get_access_token_from_request(request: Request) -> str:
         """Extracts the access_token from the request.
 
@@ -556,47 +275,77 @@ class Auth:
 
             return query_params[0].decode("ascii")
 
-    @trace
-    async def check_user_in_room_or_world_readable(
-        self, room_id: str, requester: Requester, allow_departed_users: bool = False
-    ) -> Tuple[str, Optional[str]]:
-        """Checks that the user is or was in the room or the room is world
-        readable. If it isn't then an exception is raised.
+    @cancellable
+    async def get_appservice_user(
+        self, request: Request, access_token: str
+    ) -> Optional[Requester]:
+        """
+        Given a request, reads the request parameters to determine:
+        - whether it's an application service that's making this request
+        - what user the application service should be treated as controlling
+          (the user_id URI parameter allows an application service to masquerade
+          any applicable user in its namespace)
+        - what device the application service should be treated as controlling
+          (the device_id[^1] URI parameter allows an application service to masquerade
+          as any device that exists for the relevant user)
 
-        Args:
-            room_id: The room to check.
-            requester: The user making the request, according to the access token.
-            allow_departed_users: If True, accept users that were previously
-                members but have now departed.
+        [^1] Unstable and provided by MSC3202.
+             Must use `org.matrix.msc3202.device_id` in place of `device_id` for now.
 
         Returns:
-            Resolves to the current membership of the user in the room and the
-            membership event ID of the user. If the user is not in the room and
-            never has been, then `(Membership.JOIN, None)` is returned.
+            the application service `Requester` of that request
+
+        Postconditions:
+        - The `app_service` field in the returned `Requester` is set
+        - The `user_id` field in the returned `Requester` is either the application
+          service sender or the controlled user set by the `user_id` URI parameter
+        - The returned application service is permitted to control the returned user ID.
+        - The returned device ID, if present, has been checked to be a valid device ID
+          for the returned user ID.
         """
+        DEVICE_ID_ARG_NAME = b"org.matrix.msc3202.device_id"
 
-        try:
-            # check_user_in_room will return the most recent membership
-            # event for the user if:
-            #  * The user is a non-guest user, and was ever in the room
-            #  * The user is a guest user, and has joined the room
-            # else it will throw.
-            return await self.check_user_in_room(
-                room_id, requester, allow_departed_users=allow_departed_users
-            )
-        except AuthError:
-            visibility = await self._storage_controllers.state.get_current_state_event(
-                room_id, EventTypes.RoomHistoryVisibility, ""
+        app_service = self.store.get_app_service_by_token(access_token)
+        if app_service is None:
+            return None
+
+        if app_service.ip_range_whitelist:
+            ip_address = IPAddress(request.getClientAddress().host)
+            if ip_address not in app_service.ip_range_whitelist:
+                return None
+
+        # This will always be set by the time Twisted calls us.
+        assert request.args is not None
+
+        if b"user_id" in request.args:
+            effective_user_id = request.args[b"user_id"][0].decode("utf8")
+            await self.validate_appservice_can_control_user_id(
+                app_service, effective_user_id
             )
-            if (
-                visibility
-                and visibility.content.get("history_visibility")
-                == HistoryVisibility.WORLD_READABLE
-            ):
-                return Membership.JOIN, None
-            raise UnstableSpecAuthError(
-                403,
-                "User %s not in room %s, and room previews are disabled"
-                % (requester.user, room_id),
-                errcode=Codes.NOT_JOINED,
+        else:
+            effective_user_id = app_service.sender
+
+        effective_device_id: Optional[str] = None
+
+        if (
+            self.hs.config.experimental.msc3202_device_masquerading_enabled
+            and DEVICE_ID_ARG_NAME in request.args
+        ):
+            effective_device_id = request.args[DEVICE_ID_ARG_NAME][0].decode("utf8")
+            # We only just set this so it can't be None!
+            assert effective_device_id is not None
+            device_opt = await self.store.get_device(
+                effective_user_id, effective_device_id
             )
+            if device_opt is None:
+                # For now, use 400 M_EXCLUSIVE if the device doesn't exist.
+                # This is an open thread of discussion on MSC3202 as of 2021-12-09.
+                raise AuthError(
+                    400,
+                    f"Application service trying to use a device that doesn't exist ('{effective_device_id}' for {effective_user_id})",
+                    Codes.EXCLUSIVE,
+                )
+
+        return create_requester(
+            effective_user_id, app_service=app_service, device_id=effective_device_id
+        )
diff --git a/synapse/api/auth/internal.py b/synapse/api/auth/internal.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e2ae198b19
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/api/auth/internal.py
@@ -0,0 +1,291 @@
+# Copyright 2023 The Matrix.org Foundation.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+import logging
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
+
+import pymacaroons
+
+from synapse.api.errors import (
+    AuthError,
+    Codes,
+    InvalidClientTokenError,
+    MissingClientTokenError,
+)
+from synapse.http import get_request_user_agent
+from synapse.http.site import SynapseRequest
+from synapse.logging.opentracing import active_span, force_tracing, start_active_span
+from synapse.types import Requester, create_requester
+from synapse.util.cancellation import cancellable
+
+from . import GUEST_DEVICE_ID
+from .base import BaseAuth
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from synapse.server import HomeServer
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class InternalAuth(BaseAuth):
+    """
+    This class contains functions for authenticating users of our client-server API.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, hs: "HomeServer"):
+        super().__init__(hs)
+        self.clock = hs.get_clock()
+        self._account_validity_handler = hs.get_account_validity_handler()
+        self._macaroon_generator = hs.get_macaroon_generator()
+
+        self._track_appservice_user_ips = hs.config.appservice.track_appservice_user_ips
+        self._track_puppeted_user_ips = hs.config.api.track_puppeted_user_ips
+        self._force_tracing_for_users = hs.config.tracing.force_tracing_for_users
+
+    @cancellable
+    async def get_user_by_req(
+        self,
+        request: SynapseRequest,
+        allow_guest: bool = False,
+        allow_expired: bool = False,
+    ) -> Requester:
+        """Get a registered user's ID.
+
+        Args:
+            request: An HTTP request with an access_token query parameter.
+            allow_guest: If False, will raise an AuthError if the user making the
+                request is a guest.
+            allow_expired: If True, allow the request through even if the account
+                is expired, or session token lifetime has ended. Note that
+                /login will deliver access tokens regardless of expiration.
+
+        Returns:
+            Resolves to the requester
+        Raises:
+            InvalidClientCredentialsError if no user by that token exists or the token
+                is invalid.
+            AuthError if access is denied for the user in the access token
+        """
+        parent_span = active_span()
+        with start_active_span("get_user_by_req"):
+            requester = await self._wrapped_get_user_by_req(
+                request, allow_guest, allow_expired
+            )
+
+            if parent_span:
+                if requester.authenticated_entity in self._force_tracing_for_users:
+                    # request tracing is enabled for this user, so we need to force it
+                    # tracing on for the parent span (which will be the servlet span).
+                    #
+                    # It's too late for the get_user_by_req span to inherit the setting,
+                    # so we also force it on for that.
+                    force_tracing()
+                    force_tracing(parent_span)
+                parent_span.set_tag(
+                    "authenticated_entity", requester.authenticated_entity
+                )
+                parent_span.set_tag("user_id", requester.user.to_string())
+                if requester.device_id is not None:
+                    parent_span.set_tag("device_id", requester.device_id)
+                if requester.app_service is not None:
+                    parent_span.set_tag("appservice_id", requester.app_service.id)
+            return requester
+
+    @cancellable
+    async def _wrapped_get_user_by_req(
+        self,
+        request: SynapseRequest,
+        allow_guest: bool,
+        allow_expired: bool,
+    ) -> Requester:
+        """Helper for get_user_by_req
+
+        Once get_user_by_req has set up the opentracing span, this does the actual work.
+        """
+        try:
+            ip_addr = request.getClientAddress().host
+            user_agent = get_request_user_agent(request)
+
+            access_token = self.get_access_token_from_request(request)
+
+            # First check if it could be a request from an appservice
+            requester = await self.get_appservice_user(request, access_token)
+            if not requester:
+                # If not, it should be from a regular user
+                requester = await self.get_user_by_access_token(
+                    access_token, allow_expired=allow_expired
+                )
+
+                # Deny the request if the user account has expired.
+                # This check is only done for regular users, not appservice ones.
+                if not allow_expired:
+                    if await self._account_validity_handler.is_user_expired(
+                        requester.user.to_string()
+                    ):
+                        # Raise the error if either an account validity module has determined
+                        # the account has expired, or the legacy account validity
+                        # implementation is enabled and determined the account has expired
+                        raise AuthError(
+                            403,
+                            "User account has expired",
+                            errcode=Codes.EXPIRED_ACCOUNT,
+                        )
+
+            if ip_addr and (
+                not requester.app_service or self._track_appservice_user_ips
+            ):
+                # XXX(quenting): I'm 95% confident that we could skip setting the
+                # device_id to "dummy-device" for appservices, and that the only impact
+                # would be some rows which whould not deduplicate in the 'user_ips'
+                # table during the transition
+                recorded_device_id = (
+                    "dummy-device"
+                    if requester.device_id is None and requester.app_service is not None
+                    else requester.device_id
+                )
+                await self.store.insert_client_ip(
+                    user_id=requester.authenticated_entity,
+                    access_token=access_token,
+                    ip=ip_addr,
+                    user_agent=user_agent,
+                    device_id=recorded_device_id,
+                )
+
+                # Track also the puppeted user client IP if enabled and the user is puppeting
+                if (
+                    requester.user.to_string() != requester.authenticated_entity
+                    and self._track_puppeted_user_ips
+                ):
+                    await self.store.insert_client_ip(
+                        user_id=requester.user.to_string(),
+                        access_token=access_token,
+                        ip=ip_addr,
+                        user_agent=user_agent,
+                        device_id=requester.device_id,
+                    )
+
+            if requester.is_guest and not allow_guest:
+                raise AuthError(
+                    403,
+                    "Guest access not allowed",
+                    errcode=Codes.GUEST_ACCESS_FORBIDDEN,
+                )
+
+            request.requester = requester
+            return requester
+        except KeyError:
+            raise MissingClientTokenError()
+
+    async def get_user_by_access_token(
+        self,
+        token: str,
+        allow_expired: bool = False,
+    ) -> Requester:
+        """Validate access token and get user_id from it
+
+        Args:
+            token: The access token to get the user by
+            allow_expired: If False, raises an InvalidClientTokenError
+                if the token is expired
+
+        Raises:
+            InvalidClientTokenError if a user by that token exists, but the token is
+                expired
+            InvalidClientCredentialsError if no user by that token exists or the token
+                is invalid
+        """
+
+        # First look in the database to see if the access token is present
+        # as an opaque token.
+        user_info = await self.store.get_user_by_access_token(token)
+        if user_info:
+            valid_until_ms = user_info.valid_until_ms
+            if (
+                not allow_expired
+                and valid_until_ms is not None
+                and valid_until_ms < self.clock.time_msec()
+            ):
+                # there was a valid access token, but it has expired.
+                # soft-logout the user.
+                raise InvalidClientTokenError(
+                    msg="Access token has expired", soft_logout=True
+                )
+
+            # Mark the token as used. This is used to invalidate old refresh
+            # tokens after some time.
+            await self.store.mark_access_token_as_used(user_info.token_id)
+
+            requester = create_requester(
+                user_id=user_info.user_id,
+                access_token_id=user_info.token_id,
+                is_guest=user_info.is_guest,
+                shadow_banned=user_info.shadow_banned,
+                device_id=user_info.device_id,
+                authenticated_entity=user_info.token_owner,
+            )
+
+            return requester
+
+        # If the token isn't found in the database, then it could still be a
+        # macaroon for a guest, so we check that here.
+        try:
+            user_id = self._macaroon_generator.verify_guest_token(token)
+
+            # Guest access tokens are not stored in the database (there can
+            # only be one access token per guest, anyway).
+            #
+            # In order to prevent guest access tokens being used as regular
+            # user access tokens (and hence getting around the invalidation
+            # process), we look up the user id and check that it is indeed
+            # a guest user.
+            #
+            # It would of course be much easier to store guest access
+            # tokens in the database as well, but that would break existing
+            # guest tokens.
+            stored_user = await self.store.get_user_by_id(user_id)
+            if not stored_user:
+                raise InvalidClientTokenError("Unknown user_id %s" % user_id)
+            if not stored_user["is_guest"]:
+                raise InvalidClientTokenError(
+                    "Guest access token used for regular user"
+                )
+
+            return create_requester(
+                user_id=user_id,
+                is_guest=True,
+                # all guests get the same device id
+                device_id=GUEST_DEVICE_ID,
+                authenticated_entity=user_id,
+            )
+        except (
+            pymacaroons.exceptions.MacaroonException,
+            TypeError,
+            ValueError,
+        ) as e:
+            logger.warning(
+                "Invalid access token in auth: %s %s.",
+                type(e),
+                e,
+            )
+            raise InvalidClientTokenError("Invalid access token passed.")
+
+    async def is_server_admin(self, requester: Requester) -> bool:
+        """Check if the given user is a local server admin.
+
+        Args:
+            requester: The user making the request, according to the access token.
+
+        Returns:
+            True if the user is an admin
+        """
+        return await self.store.is_server_admin(requester.user)
diff --git a/synapse/api/auth/msc3861_delegated.py b/synapse/api/auth/msc3861_delegated.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bd4fc9c0ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/api/auth/msc3861_delegated.py
@@ -0,0 +1,352 @@
+# Copyright 2023 The Matrix.org Foundation.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+import logging
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Dict, List, Optional
+from urllib.parse import urlencode
+
+from authlib.oauth2 import ClientAuth
+from authlib.oauth2.auth import encode_client_secret_basic, encode_client_secret_post
+from authlib.oauth2.rfc7523 import ClientSecretJWT, PrivateKeyJWT, private_key_jwt_sign
+from authlib.oauth2.rfc7662 import IntrospectionToken
+from authlib.oidc.discovery import OpenIDProviderMetadata, get_well_known_url
+
+from twisted.web.client import readBody
+from twisted.web.http_headers import Headers
+
+from synapse.api.auth.base import BaseAuth
+from synapse.api.errors import (
+    AuthError,
+    HttpResponseException,
+    InvalidClientTokenError,
+    OAuthInsufficientScopeError,
+    StoreError,
+    SynapseError,
+)
+from synapse.http.site import SynapseRequest
+from synapse.logging.context import make_deferred_yieldable
+from synapse.types import Requester, UserID, create_requester
+from synapse.util import json_decoder
+from synapse.util.caches.cached_call import RetryOnExceptionCachedCall
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from synapse.server import HomeServer
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+# Scope as defined by MSC2967
+# https://github.com/matrix-org/matrix-spec-proposals/pull/2967
+SCOPE_MATRIX_API = "urn:matrix:org.matrix.msc2967.client:api:*"
+SCOPE_MATRIX_GUEST = "urn:matrix:org.matrix.msc2967.client:api:guest"
+SCOPE_MATRIX_DEVICE_PREFIX = "urn:matrix:org.matrix.msc2967.client:device:"
+
+# Scope which allows access to the Synapse admin API
+SCOPE_SYNAPSE_ADMIN = "urn:synapse:admin:*"
+
+
+def scope_to_list(scope: str) -> List[str]:
+    """Convert a scope string to a list of scope tokens"""
+    return scope.strip().split(" ")
+
+
+class PrivateKeyJWTWithKid(PrivateKeyJWT):  # type: ignore[misc]
+    """An implementation of the private_key_jwt client auth method that includes a kid header.
+
+    This is needed because some providers (Keycloak) require the kid header to figure
+    out which key to use to verify the signature.
+    """
+
+    def sign(self, auth: Any, token_endpoint: str) -> bytes:
+        return private_key_jwt_sign(
+            auth.client_secret,
+            client_id=auth.client_id,
+            token_endpoint=token_endpoint,
+            claims=self.claims,
+            header={"kid": auth.client_secret["kid"]},
+        )
+
+
+class MSC3861DelegatedAuth(BaseAuth):
+    AUTH_METHODS = {
+        "client_secret_post": encode_client_secret_post,
+        "client_secret_basic": encode_client_secret_basic,
+        "client_secret_jwt": ClientSecretJWT(),
+        "private_key_jwt": PrivateKeyJWTWithKid(),
+    }
+
+    EXTERNAL_ID_PROVIDER = "oauth-delegated"
+
+    def __init__(self, hs: "HomeServer"):
+        super().__init__(hs)
+
+        self._config = hs.config.experimental.msc3861
+        auth_method = MSC3861DelegatedAuth.AUTH_METHODS.get(
+            self._config.client_auth_method.value, None
+        )
+        # Those assertions are already checked when parsing the config
+        assert self._config.enabled, "OAuth delegation is not enabled"
+        assert self._config.issuer, "No issuer provided"
+        assert self._config.client_id, "No client_id provided"
+        assert auth_method is not None, "Invalid client_auth_method provided"
+
+        self._http_client = hs.get_proxied_http_client()
+        self._hostname = hs.hostname
+        self._admin_token = self._config.admin_token
+
+        self._issuer_metadata = RetryOnExceptionCachedCall(self._load_metadata)
+
+        if isinstance(auth_method, PrivateKeyJWTWithKid):
+            # Use the JWK as the client secret when using the private_key_jwt method
+            assert self._config.jwk, "No JWK provided"
+            self._client_auth = ClientAuth(
+                self._config.client_id, self._config.jwk, auth_method
+            )
+        else:
+            # Else use the client secret
+            assert self._config.client_secret, "No client_secret provided"
+            self._client_auth = ClientAuth(
+                self._config.client_id, self._config.client_secret, auth_method
+            )
+
+    async def _load_metadata(self) -> OpenIDProviderMetadata:
+        if self._config.issuer_metadata is not None:
+            return OpenIDProviderMetadata(**self._config.issuer_metadata)
+        url = get_well_known_url(self._config.issuer, external=True)
+        response = await self._http_client.get_json(url)
+        metadata = OpenIDProviderMetadata(**response)
+        # metadata.validate_introspection_endpoint()
+        return metadata
+
+    async def _introspect_token(self, token: str) -> IntrospectionToken:
+        """
+        Send a token to the introspection endpoint and returns the introspection response
+
+        Parameters:
+            token: The token to introspect
+
+        Raises:
+            HttpResponseException: If the introspection endpoint returns a non-2xx response
+            ValueError: If the introspection endpoint returns an invalid JSON response
+            JSONDecodeError: If the introspection endpoint returns a non-JSON response
+            Exception: If the HTTP request fails
+
+        Returns:
+            The introspection response
+        """
+        metadata = await self._issuer_metadata.get()
+        introspection_endpoint = metadata.get("introspection_endpoint")
+        raw_headers: Dict[str, str] = {
+            "Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded",
+            "User-Agent": str(self._http_client.user_agent, "utf-8"),
+            "Accept": "application/json",
+        }
+
+        args = {"token": token, "token_type_hint": "access_token"}
+        body = urlencode(args, True)
+
+        # Fill the body/headers with credentials
+        uri, raw_headers, body = self._client_auth.prepare(
+            method="POST", uri=introspection_endpoint, headers=raw_headers, body=body
+        )
+        headers = Headers({k: [v] for (k, v) in raw_headers.items()})
+
+        # Do the actual request
+        # We're not using the SimpleHttpClient util methods as we don't want to
+        # check the HTTP status code, and we do the body encoding ourselves.
+        response = await self._http_client.request(
+            method="POST",
+            uri=uri,
+            data=body.encode("utf-8"),
+            headers=headers,
+        )
+
+        resp_body = await make_deferred_yieldable(readBody(response))
+
+        if response.code < 200 or response.code >= 300:
+            raise HttpResponseException(
+                response.code,
+                response.phrase.decode("ascii", errors="replace"),
+                resp_body,
+            )
+
+        resp = json_decoder.decode(resp_body.decode("utf-8"))
+
+        if not isinstance(resp, dict):
+            raise ValueError(
+                "The introspection endpoint returned an invalid JSON response."
+            )
+
+        return IntrospectionToken(**resp)
+
+    async def is_server_admin(self, requester: Requester) -> bool:
+        return "urn:synapse:admin:*" in requester.scope
+
+    async def get_user_by_req(
+        self,
+        request: SynapseRequest,
+        allow_guest: bool = False,
+        allow_expired: bool = False,
+    ) -> Requester:
+        access_token = self.get_access_token_from_request(request)
+
+        requester = await self.get_appservice_user(request, access_token)
+        if not requester:
+            # TODO: we probably want to assert the allow_guest inside this call
+            # so that we don't provision the user if they don't have enough permission:
+            requester = await self.get_user_by_access_token(access_token, allow_expired)
+
+        if not allow_guest and requester.is_guest:
+            raise OAuthInsufficientScopeError([SCOPE_MATRIX_API])
+
+        request.requester = requester
+
+        return requester
+
+    async def get_user_by_access_token(
+        self,
+        token: str,
+        allow_expired: bool = False,
+    ) -> Requester:
+        if self._admin_token is not None and token == self._admin_token:
+            # XXX: This is a temporary solution so that the admin API can be called by
+            # the OIDC provider. This will be removed once we have OIDC client
+            # credentials grant support in matrix-authentication-service.
+            logging.info("Admin toked used")
+            # XXX: that user doesn't exist and won't be provisioned.
+            # This is mostly fine for admin calls, but we should also think about doing
+            # requesters without a user_id.
+            admin_user = UserID("__oidc_admin", self._hostname)
+            return create_requester(
+                user_id=admin_user,
+                scope=["urn:synapse:admin:*"],
+            )
+
+        try:
+            introspection_result = await self._introspect_token(token)
+        except Exception:
+            logger.exception("Failed to introspect token")
+            raise SynapseError(503, "Unable to introspect the access token")
+
+        logger.info(f"Introspection result: {introspection_result!r}")
+
+        # TODO: introspection verification should be more extensive, especially:
+        #   - verify the audience
+        if not introspection_result.get("active"):
+            raise InvalidClientTokenError("Token is not active")
+
+        # Let's look at the scope
+        scope: List[str] = scope_to_list(introspection_result.get("scope", ""))
+
+        # Determine type of user based on presence of particular scopes
+        has_user_scope = SCOPE_MATRIX_API in scope
+        has_guest_scope = SCOPE_MATRIX_GUEST in scope
+
+        if not has_user_scope and not has_guest_scope:
+            raise InvalidClientTokenError("No scope in token granting user rights")
+
+        # Match via the sub claim
+        sub: Optional[str] = introspection_result.get("sub")
+        if sub is None:
+            raise InvalidClientTokenError(
+                "Invalid sub claim in the introspection result"
+            )
+
+        user_id_str = await self.store.get_user_by_external_id(
+            MSC3861DelegatedAuth.EXTERNAL_ID_PROVIDER, sub
+        )
+        if user_id_str is None:
+            # If we could not find a user via the external_id, it either does not exist,
+            # or the external_id was never recorded
+
+            # TODO: claim mapping should be configurable
+            username: Optional[str] = introspection_result.get("username")
+            if username is None or not isinstance(username, str):
+                raise AuthError(
+                    500,
+                    "Invalid username claim in the introspection result",
+                )
+            user_id = UserID(username, self._hostname)
+
+            # First try to find a user from the username claim
+            user_info = await self.store.get_userinfo_by_id(user_id=user_id.to_string())
+            if user_info is None:
+                # If the user does not exist, we should create it on the fly
+                # TODO: we could use SCIM to provision users ahead of time and listen
+                # for SCIM SET events if those ever become standard:
+                # https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-hunt-scim-notify-00
+
+                # TODO: claim mapping should be configurable
+                # If present, use the name claim as the displayname
+                name: Optional[str] = introspection_result.get("name")
+
+                await self.store.register_user(
+                    user_id=user_id.to_string(), create_profile_with_displayname=name
+                )
+
+            # And record the sub as external_id
+            await self.store.record_user_external_id(
+                MSC3861DelegatedAuth.EXTERNAL_ID_PROVIDER, sub, user_id.to_string()
+            )
+        else:
+            user_id = UserID.from_string(user_id_str)
+
+        # Find device_ids in scope
+        # We only allow a single device_id in the scope, so we find them all in the
+        # scope list, and raise if there are more than one. The OIDC server should be
+        # the one enforcing valid scopes, so we raise a 500 if we find an invalid scope.
+        device_ids = [
+            tok[len(SCOPE_MATRIX_DEVICE_PREFIX) :]
+            for tok in scope
+            if tok.startswith(SCOPE_MATRIX_DEVICE_PREFIX)
+        ]
+
+        if len(device_ids) > 1:
+            raise AuthError(
+                500,
+                "Multiple device IDs in scope",
+            )
+
+        device_id = device_ids[0] if device_ids else None
+        if device_id is not None:
+            # Sanity check the device_id
+            if len(device_id) > 255 or len(device_id) < 1:
+                raise AuthError(
+                    500,
+                    "Invalid device ID in scope",
+                )
+
+            # Create the device on the fly if it does not exist
+            try:
+                await self.store.get_device(
+                    user_id=user_id.to_string(), device_id=device_id
+                )
+            except StoreError:
+                await self.store.store_device(
+                    user_id=user_id.to_string(),
+                    device_id=device_id,
+                    initial_device_display_name="OIDC-native client",
+                )
+
+        # TODO: there is a few things missing in the requester here, which still need
+        # to be figured out, like:
+        #   - impersonation, with the `authenticated_entity`, which is used for
+        #     rate-limiting, MAU limits, etc.
+        #   - shadow-banning, with the `shadow_banned` flag
+        #   - a proper solution for appservices, which still needs to be figured out in
+        #     the context of MSC3861
+        return create_requester(
+            user_id=user_id,
+            device_id=device_id,
+            scope=scope,
+            is_guest=(has_guest_scope and not has_user_scope),
+        )
diff --git a/synapse/api/constants.py b/synapse/api/constants.py
index cde9a2ecef..faf0770c66 100644
--- a/synapse/api/constants.py
+++ b/synapse/api/constants.py
@@ -236,7 +236,7 @@ class EventContentFields:
     AUTHORISING_USER: Final = "join_authorised_via_users_server"
 
     # Use for mentioning users.
-    MSC3952_MENTIONS: Final = "org.matrix.msc3952.mentions"
+    MENTIONS: Final = "m.mentions"
 
     # an unspecced field added to to-device messages to identify them uniquely-ish
     TO_DEVICE_MSGID: Final = "org.matrix.msgid"
diff --git a/synapse/api/errors.py b/synapse/api/errors.py
index 8c7c94b045..af894243f8 100644
--- a/synapse/api/errors.py
+++ b/synapse/api/errors.py
@@ -119,14 +119,20 @@ class Codes(str, Enum):
 
 
 class CodeMessageException(RuntimeError):
-    """An exception with integer code and message string attributes.
+    """An exception with integer code, a message string attributes and optional headers.
 
     Attributes:
         code: HTTP error code
         msg: string describing the error
+        headers: optional response headers to send
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, code: Union[int, HTTPStatus], msg: str):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        code: Union[int, HTTPStatus],
+        msg: str,
+        headers: Optional[Dict[str, str]] = None,
+    ):
         super().__init__("%d: %s" % (code, msg))
 
         # Some calls to this method pass instances of http.HTTPStatus for `code`.
@@ -137,6 +143,7 @@ class CodeMessageException(RuntimeError):
         # To eliminate this behaviour, we convert them to their integer equivalents here.
         self.code = int(code)
         self.msg = msg
+        self.headers = headers
 
 
 class RedirectException(CodeMessageException):
@@ -182,6 +189,7 @@ class SynapseError(CodeMessageException):
         msg: str,
         errcode: str = Codes.UNKNOWN,
         additional_fields: Optional[Dict] = None,
+        headers: Optional[Dict[str, str]] = None,
     ):
         """Constructs a synapse error.
 
@@ -190,7 +198,7 @@ class SynapseError(CodeMessageException):
             msg: The human-readable error message.
             errcode: The matrix error code e.g 'M_FORBIDDEN'
         """
-        super().__init__(code, msg)
+        super().__init__(code, msg, headers)
         self.errcode = errcode
         if additional_fields is None:
             self._additional_fields: Dict = {}
@@ -335,6 +343,20 @@ class AuthError(SynapseError):
         super().__init__(code, msg, errcode, additional_fields)
 
 
+class OAuthInsufficientScopeError(SynapseError):
+    """An error raised when the caller does not have sufficient scope to perform the requested action"""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        required_scopes: List[str],
+    ):
+        headers = {
+            "WWW-Authenticate": 'Bearer error="insufficient_scope", scope="%s"'
+            % (" ".join(required_scopes))
+        }
+        super().__init__(401, "Insufficient scope", Codes.FORBIDDEN, None, headers)
+
+
 class UnstableSpecAuthError(AuthError):
     """An error raised when a new error code is being proposed to replace a previous one.
     This error will return a "org.matrix.unstable.errcode" property with the new error code,
diff --git a/synapse/api/filtering.py b/synapse/api/filtering.py
index 82aeef8d19..0995ecbe83 100644
--- a/synapse/api/filtering.py
+++ b/synapse/api/filtering.py
@@ -152,9 +152,9 @@ class Filtering:
         self.DEFAULT_FILTER_COLLECTION = FilterCollection(hs, {})
 
     async def get_user_filter(
-        self, user_localpart: str, filter_id: Union[int, str]
+        self, user_id: UserID, filter_id: Union[int, str]
     ) -> "FilterCollection":
-        result = await self.store.get_user_filter(user_localpart, filter_id)
+        result = await self.store.get_user_filter(user_id, filter_id)
         return FilterCollection(self._hs, result)
 
     def add_user_filter(self, user_id: UserID, user_filter: JsonDict) -> Awaitable[int]:
diff --git a/synapse/config/auth.py b/synapse/config/auth.py
index 35774962c0..c7ab428f28 100644
--- a/synapse/config/auth.py
+++ b/synapse/config/auth.py
@@ -29,7 +29,14 @@ class AuthConfig(Config):
         if password_config is None:
             password_config = {}
 
-        passwords_enabled = password_config.get("enabled", True)
+        # The default value of password_config.enabled is True, unless msc3861 is enabled.
+        msc3861_enabled = (
+            config.get("experimental_features", {})
+            .get("msc3861", {})
+            .get("enabled", False)
+        )
+        passwords_enabled = password_config.get("enabled", not msc3861_enabled)
+
         # 'only_for_reauth' allows users who have previously set a password to use it,
         # even though passwords would otherwise be disabled.
         passwords_for_reauth_only = passwords_enabled == "only_for_reauth"
@@ -53,3 +60,13 @@ class AuthConfig(Config):
         self.ui_auth_session_timeout = self.parse_duration(
             ui_auth.get("session_timeout", 0)
         )
+
+        # Logging in with an existing session.
+        login_via_existing = config.get("login_via_existing_session", {})
+        self.login_via_existing_enabled = login_via_existing.get("enabled", False)
+        self.login_via_existing_require_ui_auth = login_via_existing.get(
+            "require_ui_auth", True
+        )
+        self.login_via_existing_token_timeout = self.parse_duration(
+            login_via_existing.get("token_timeout", "5m")
+        )
diff --git a/synapse/config/experimental.py b/synapse/config/experimental.py
index d769b7f668..1d5b5ded45 100644
--- a/synapse/config/experimental.py
+++ b/synapse/config/experimental.py
@@ -12,15 +12,216 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
-from typing import Any, Optional
+import enum
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Optional
 
 import attr
+import attr.validators
 
 from synapse.api.room_versions import KNOWN_ROOM_VERSIONS, RoomVersions
 from synapse.config import ConfigError
-from synapse.config._base import Config
+from synapse.config._base import Config, RootConfig
 from synapse.types import JsonDict
 
+# Determine whether authlib is installed.
+try:
+    import authlib  # noqa: F401
+
+    HAS_AUTHLIB = True
+except ImportError:
+    HAS_AUTHLIB = False
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    # Only import this if we're type checking, as it might not be installed at runtime.
+    from authlib.jose.rfc7517 import JsonWebKey
+
+
+class ClientAuthMethod(enum.Enum):
+    """List of supported client auth methods."""
+
+    CLIENT_SECRET_POST = "client_secret_post"
+    CLIENT_SECRET_BASIC = "client_secret_basic"
+    CLIENT_SECRET_JWT = "client_secret_jwt"
+    PRIVATE_KEY_JWT = "private_key_jwt"
+
+
+def _parse_jwks(jwks: Optional[JsonDict]) -> Optional["JsonWebKey"]:
+    """A helper function to parse a JWK dict into a JsonWebKey."""
+
+    if jwks is None:
+        return None
+
+    from authlib.jose.rfc7517 import JsonWebKey
+
+    return JsonWebKey.import_key(jwks)
+
+
+@attr.s(slots=True, frozen=True)
+class MSC3861:
+    """Configuration for MSC3861: Matrix architecture change to delegate authentication via OIDC"""
+
+    enabled: bool = attr.ib(default=False, validator=attr.validators.instance_of(bool))
+    """Whether to enable MSC3861 auth delegation."""
+
+    @enabled.validator
+    def _check_enabled(self, attribute: attr.Attribute, value: bool) -> None:
+        # Only allow enabling MSC3861 if authlib is installed
+        if value and not HAS_AUTHLIB:
+            raise ConfigError(
+                "MSC3861 is enabled but authlib is not installed. "
+                "Please install authlib to use MSC3861.",
+                ("experimental", "msc3861", "enabled"),
+            )
+
+    issuer: str = attr.ib(default="", validator=attr.validators.instance_of(str))
+    """The URL of the OIDC Provider."""
+
+    issuer_metadata: Optional[JsonDict] = attr.ib(default=None)
+    """The issuer metadata to use, otherwise discovered from /.well-known/openid-configuration as per MSC2965."""
+
+    client_id: str = attr.ib(
+        default="",
+        validator=attr.validators.instance_of(str),
+    )
+    """The client ID to use when calling the introspection endpoint."""
+
+    client_auth_method: ClientAuthMethod = attr.ib(
+        default=ClientAuthMethod.CLIENT_SECRET_POST, converter=ClientAuthMethod
+    )
+    """The auth method used when calling the introspection endpoint."""
+
+    client_secret: Optional[str] = attr.ib(
+        default=None,
+        validator=attr.validators.optional(attr.validators.instance_of(str)),
+    )
+    """
+    The client secret to use when calling the introspection endpoint,
+    when using any of the client_secret_* client auth methods.
+    """
+
+    jwk: Optional["JsonWebKey"] = attr.ib(default=None, converter=_parse_jwks)
+    """
+    The JWKS to use when calling the introspection endpoint,
+    when using the private_key_jwt client auth method.
+    """
+
+    @client_auth_method.validator
+    def _check_client_auth_method(
+        self, attribute: attr.Attribute, value: ClientAuthMethod
+    ) -> None:
+        # Check that the right client credentials are provided for the client auth method.
+        if not self.enabled:
+            return
+
+        if value == ClientAuthMethod.PRIVATE_KEY_JWT and self.jwk is None:
+            raise ConfigError(
+                "A JWKS must be provided when using the private_key_jwt client auth method",
+                ("experimental", "msc3861", "client_auth_method"),
+            )
+
+        if (
+            value
+            in (
+                ClientAuthMethod.CLIENT_SECRET_POST,
+                ClientAuthMethod.CLIENT_SECRET_BASIC,
+                ClientAuthMethod.CLIENT_SECRET_JWT,
+            )
+            and self.client_secret is None
+        ):
+            raise ConfigError(
+                f"A client secret must be provided when using the {value} client auth method",
+                ("experimental", "msc3861", "client_auth_method"),
+            )
+
+    account_management_url: Optional[str] = attr.ib(
+        default=None,
+        validator=attr.validators.optional(attr.validators.instance_of(str)),
+    )
+    """The URL of the My Account page on the OIDC Provider as per MSC2965."""
+
+    admin_token: Optional[str] = attr.ib(
+        default=None,
+        validator=attr.validators.optional(attr.validators.instance_of(str)),
+    )
+    """
+    A token that should be considered as an admin token.
+    This is used by the OIDC provider, to make admin calls to Synapse.
+    """
+
+    def check_config_conflicts(self, root: RootConfig) -> None:
+        """Checks for any configuration conflicts with other parts of Synapse.
+
+        Raises:
+            ConfigError: If there are any configuration conflicts.
+        """
+
+        if not self.enabled:
+            return
+
+        if (
+            root.auth.password_enabled_for_reauth
+            or root.auth.password_enabled_for_login
+        ):
+            raise ConfigError(
+                "Password auth cannot be enabled when OAuth delegation is enabled",
+                ("password_config", "enabled"),
+            )
+
+        if root.registration.enable_registration:
+            raise ConfigError(
+                "Registration cannot be enabled when OAuth delegation is enabled",
+                ("enable_registration",),
+            )
+
+        if (
+            root.oidc.oidc_enabled
+            or root.saml2.saml2_enabled
+            or root.cas.cas_enabled
+            or root.jwt.jwt_enabled
+        ):
+            raise ConfigError("SSO cannot be enabled when OAuth delegation is enabled")
+
+        if bool(root.authproviders.password_providers):
+            raise ConfigError(
+                "Password auth providers cannot be enabled when OAuth delegation is enabled"
+            )
+
+        if root.captcha.enable_registration_captcha:
+            raise ConfigError(
+                "CAPTCHA cannot be enabled when OAuth delegation is enabled",
+                ("captcha", "enable_registration_captcha"),
+            )
+
+        if root.auth.login_via_existing_enabled:
+            raise ConfigError(
+                "Login via existing session cannot be enabled when OAuth delegation is enabled",
+                ("login_via_existing_session", "enabled"),
+            )
+
+        if root.registration.refresh_token_lifetime:
+            raise ConfigError(
+                "refresh_token_lifetime cannot be set when OAuth delegation is enabled",
+                ("refresh_token_lifetime",),
+            )
+
+        if root.registration.nonrefreshable_access_token_lifetime:
+            raise ConfigError(
+                "nonrefreshable_access_token_lifetime cannot be set when OAuth delegation is enabled",
+                ("nonrefreshable_access_token_lifetime",),
+            )
+
+        if root.registration.session_lifetime:
+            raise ConfigError(
+                "session_lifetime cannot be set when OAuth delegation is enabled",
+                ("session_lifetime",),
+            )
+
+        if not root.experimental.msc3970_enabled:
+            raise ConfigError(
+                "experimental_features.msc3970_enabled must be 'true' when OAuth delegation is enabled",
+                ("experimental_features", "msc3970_enabled"),
+            )
+
 
 @attr.s(auto_attribs=True, frozen=True, slots=True)
 class MSC3866Config:
@@ -118,13 +319,6 @@ class ExperimentalConfig(Config):
         # MSC3881: Remotely toggle push notifications for another client
         self.msc3881_enabled: bool = experimental.get("msc3881_enabled", False)
 
-        # MSC3882: Allow an existing session to sign in a new session
-        self.msc3882_enabled: bool = experimental.get("msc3882_enabled", False)
-        self.msc3882_ui_auth: bool = experimental.get("msc3882_ui_auth", True)
-        self.msc3882_token_timeout = self.parse_duration(
-            experimental.get("msc3882_token_timeout", "5m")
-        )
-
         # MSC3874: Filtering /messages with rel_types / not_rel_types.
         self.msc3874_enabled: bool = experimental.get("msc3874_enabled", False)
 
@@ -164,11 +358,6 @@ class ExperimentalConfig(Config):
         # MSC3391: Removing account data.
         self.msc3391_enabled = experimental.get("msc3391_enabled", False)
 
-        # MSC3952: Intentional mentions, this depends on MSC3966.
-        self.msc3952_intentional_mentions = experimental.get(
-            "msc3952_intentional_mentions", False
-        )
-
         # MSC3959: Do not generate notifications for edits.
         self.msc3958_supress_edit_notifs = experimental.get(
             "msc3958_supress_edit_notifs", False
@@ -182,8 +371,19 @@ class ExperimentalConfig(Config):
             "msc3981_recurse_relations", False
         )
 
+        # MSC3861: Matrix architecture change to delegate authentication via OIDC
+        try:
+            self.msc3861 = MSC3861(**experimental.get("msc3861", {}))
+        except ValueError as exc:
+            raise ConfigError(
+                "Invalid MSC3861 configuration", ("experimental", "msc3861")
+            ) from exc
+
         # MSC3970: Scope transaction IDs to devices
-        self.msc3970_enabled = experimental.get("msc3970_enabled", False)
+        self.msc3970_enabled = experimental.get("msc3970_enabled", self.msc3861.enabled)
+
+        # Check that none of the other config options conflict with MSC3861 when enabled
+        self.msc3861.check_config_conflicts(self.root)
 
         # MSC4009: E.164 Matrix IDs
         self.msc4009_e164_mxids = experimental.get("msc4009_e164_mxids", False)
diff --git a/synapse/events/validator.py b/synapse/events/validator.py
index 47203209db..9278f1a1aa 100644
--- a/synapse/events/validator.py
+++ b/synapse/events/validator.py
@@ -134,13 +134,8 @@ class EventValidator:
                 )
 
         # If the event contains a mentions key, validate it.
-        if (
-            EventContentFields.MSC3952_MENTIONS in event.content
-            and config.experimental.msc3952_intentional_mentions
-        ):
-            validate_json_object(
-                event.content[EventContentFields.MSC3952_MENTIONS], Mentions
-            )
+        if EventContentFields.MENTIONS in event.content:
+            validate_json_object(event.content[EventContentFields.MENTIONS], Mentions)
 
     def _validate_retention(self, event: EventBase) -> None:
         """Checks that an event that defines the retention policy for a room respects the
diff --git a/synapse/federation/federation_server.py b/synapse/federation/federation_server.py
index f4ca70a698..9425b32507 100644
--- a/synapse/federation/federation_server.py
+++ b/synapse/federation/federation_server.py
@@ -515,7 +515,7 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
                     logger.error(
                         "Failed to handle PDU %s",
                         event_id,
-                        exc_info=(f.type, f.value, f.getTracebackObject()),  # type: ignore
+                        exc_info=(f.type, f.value, f.getTracebackObject()),
                     )
                     return {"error": str(e)}
 
@@ -944,7 +944,7 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
             if not self._is_mine_server_name(authorising_server):
                 raise SynapseError(
                     400,
-                    f"Cannot authorise request from resident server: {authorising_server}",
+                    f"Cannot authorise membership event for {authorising_server}. We can only authorise requests from our own homeserver",
                 )
 
             event.signatures.update(
@@ -1247,7 +1247,7 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
                     logger.error(
                         "Failed to handle PDU %s",
                         event.event_id,
-                        exc_info=(f.type, f.value, f.getTracebackObject()),  # type: ignore
+                        exc_info=(f.type, f.value, f.getTracebackObject()),
                     )
 
                 received_ts = await self.store.remove_received_event_from_staging(
@@ -1291,9 +1291,6 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
                 return
             lock = new_lock
 
-    def __str__(self) -> str:
-        return "<ReplicationLayer(%s)>" % self.server_name
-
     async def exchange_third_party_invite(
         self, sender_user_id: str, target_user_id: str, room_id: str, signed: Dict
     ) -> None:
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/account_validity.py b/synapse/handlers/account_validity.py
index 4aa4ebf7e4..f1a7a05df6 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/account_validity.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/account_validity.py
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ class AccountValidityHandler:
 
         try:
             user_display_name = await self.store.get_profile_displayname(
-                UserID.from_string(user_id).localpart
+                UserID.from_string(user_id)
             )
             if user_display_name is None:
                 user_display_name = user_id
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/admin.py b/synapse/handlers/admin.py
index b06f25b03c..119c7f8384 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/admin.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/admin.py
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ class AdminHandler:
         }
 
         # Add additional user metadata
-        profile = await self._store.get_profileinfo(user.localpart)
+        profile = await self._store.get_profileinfo(user)
         threepids = await self._store.user_get_threepids(user.to_string())
         external_ids = [
             ({"auth_provider": auth_provider, "external_id": external_id})
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/auth.py b/synapse/handlers/auth.py
index d001f2fb2f..59ecafa6a0 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/auth.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/auth.py
@@ -274,6 +274,8 @@ class AuthHandler:
         # response.
         self._extra_attributes: Dict[str, SsoLoginExtraAttributes] = {}
 
+        self.msc3861_oauth_delegation_enabled = hs.config.experimental.msc3861.enabled
+
     async def validate_user_via_ui_auth(
         self,
         requester: Requester,
@@ -322,8 +324,12 @@ class AuthHandler:
 
             LimitExceededError if the ratelimiter's failed request count for this
                 user is too high to proceed
-
         """
+        if self.msc3861_oauth_delegation_enabled:
+            raise SynapseError(
+                HTTPStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR, "UIA shouldn't be used with MSC3861"
+            )
+
         if not requester.access_token_id:
             raise ValueError("Cannot validate a user without an access token")
         if can_skip_ui_auth and self._ui_auth_session_timeout:
@@ -1753,7 +1759,7 @@ class AuthHandler:
             return
 
         user_profile_data = await self.store.get_profileinfo(
-            UserID.from_string(registered_user_id).localpart
+            UserID.from_string(registered_user_id)
         )
 
         # Store any extra attributes which will be passed in the login response.
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/deactivate_account.py b/synapse/handlers/deactivate_account.py
index f299b89a1b..67adeae6a7 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/deactivate_account.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/deactivate_account.py
@@ -297,5 +297,5 @@ class DeactivateAccountHandler:
         # Add the user to the directory, if necessary. Note that
         # this must be done after the user is re-activated, because
         # deactivated users are excluded from the user directory.
-        profile = await self.store.get_profileinfo(user.localpart)
+        profile = await self.store.get_profileinfo(user)
         await self.user_directory_handler.handle_local_profile_change(user_id, profile)
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/federation.py b/synapse/handlers/federation.py
index 2eb28d55ac..57d6b70cff 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/federation.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/federation.py
@@ -200,6 +200,7 @@ class FederationHandler:
             )
 
     @trace
+    @tag_args
     async def maybe_backfill(
         self, room_id: str, current_depth: int, limit: int
     ) -> bool:
@@ -214,6 +215,9 @@ class FederationHandler:
             limit: The number of events that the pagination request will
                 return. This is used as part of the heuristic to decide if we
                 should back paginate.
+
+        Returns:
+            True if we actually tried to backfill something, otherwise False.
         """
         # Starting the processing time here so we can include the room backfill
         # linearizer lock queue in the timing
@@ -227,6 +231,8 @@ class FederationHandler:
                 processing_start_time=processing_start_time,
             )
 
+    @trace
+    @tag_args
     async def _maybe_backfill_inner(
         self,
         room_id: str,
@@ -247,6 +253,9 @@ class FederationHandler:
             limit: The max number of events to request from the remote federated server.
             processing_start_time: The time when `maybe_backfill` started processing.
                 Only used for timing. If `None`, no timing observation will be made.
+
+        Returns:
+            True if we actually tried to backfill something, otherwise False.
         """
         backwards_extremities = [
             _BackfillPoint(event_id, depth, _BackfillPointType.BACKWARDS_EXTREMITY)
@@ -302,6 +311,14 @@ class FederationHandler:
             len(sorted_backfill_points),
             sorted_backfill_points,
         )
+        set_tag(
+            SynapseTags.RESULT_PREFIX + "sorted_backfill_points",
+            str(sorted_backfill_points),
+        )
+        set_tag(
+            SynapseTags.RESULT_PREFIX + "sorted_backfill_points.length",
+            str(len(sorted_backfill_points)),
+        )
 
         # If we have no backfill points lower than the `current_depth` then
         # either we can a) bail or b) still attempt to backfill. We opt to try
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/oidc.py b/synapse/handlers/oidc.py
index e7e0b5e049..24b68e0301 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/oidc.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/oidc.py
@@ -1354,7 +1354,7 @@ class OidcProvider:
         finish_request(request)
 
 
-class LogoutToken(JWTClaims):
+class LogoutToken(JWTClaims):  # type: ignore[misc]
     """
     Holds and verify claims of a logout token, as per
     https://openid.net/specs/openid-connect-backchannel-1_0.html#LogoutToken
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/pagination.py b/synapse/handlers/pagination.py
index 63b35c8d62..d5257acb7d 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/pagination.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/pagination.py
@@ -360,7 +360,7 @@ class PaginationHandler:
         except Exception:
             f = Failure()
             logger.error(
-                "[purge] failed", exc_info=(f.type, f.value, f.getTracebackObject())  # type: ignore
+                "[purge] failed", exc_info=(f.type, f.value, f.getTracebackObject())
             )
             self._purges_by_id[purge_id].status = PurgeStatus.STATUS_FAILED
             self._purges_by_id[purge_id].error = f.getErrorMessage()
@@ -689,7 +689,7 @@ class PaginationHandler:
             f = Failure()
             logger.error(
                 "failed",
-                exc_info=(f.type, f.value, f.getTracebackObject()),  # type: ignore
+                exc_info=(f.type, f.value, f.getTracebackObject()),
             )
             self._delete_by_id[delete_id].status = DeleteStatus.STATUS_FAILED
             self._delete_by_id[delete_id].error = f.getErrorMessage()
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/presence.py b/synapse/handlers/presence.py
index 4ad2233573..0a219b7962 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/presence.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/presence.py
@@ -648,7 +648,6 @@ class PresenceHandler(BasePresenceHandler):
     def __init__(self, hs: "HomeServer"):
         super().__init__(hs)
         self.hs = hs
-        self.server_name = hs.hostname
         self.wheel_timer: WheelTimer[str] = WheelTimer()
         self.notifier = hs.get_notifier()
         self._presence_enabled = hs.config.server.use_presence
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/profile.py b/synapse/handlers/profile.py
index a9160c87e3..a7f8c5e636 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/profile.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/profile.py
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ class ProfileHandler:
         target_user = UserID.from_string(user_id)
 
         if self.hs.is_mine(target_user):
-            profileinfo = await self.store.get_profileinfo(target_user.localpart)
+            profileinfo = await self.store.get_profileinfo(target_user)
             if profileinfo.display_name is None:
                 raise SynapseError(404, "Profile was not found", Codes.NOT_FOUND)
 
@@ -99,9 +99,7 @@ class ProfileHandler:
     async def get_displayname(self, target_user: UserID) -> Optional[str]:
         if self.hs.is_mine(target_user):
             try:
-                displayname = await self.store.get_profile_displayname(
-                    target_user.localpart
-                )
+                displayname = await self.store.get_profile_displayname(target_user)
             except StoreError as e:
                 if e.code == 404:
                     raise SynapseError(404, "Profile was not found", Codes.NOT_FOUND)
@@ -147,7 +145,7 @@ class ProfileHandler:
             raise AuthError(400, "Cannot set another user's displayname")
 
         if not by_admin and not self.hs.config.registration.enable_set_displayname:
-            profile = await self.store.get_profileinfo(target_user.localpart)
+            profile = await self.store.get_profileinfo(target_user)
             if profile.display_name:
                 raise SynapseError(
                     400,
@@ -180,7 +178,7 @@ class ProfileHandler:
 
         await self.store.set_profile_displayname(target_user, displayname_to_set)
 
-        profile = await self.store.get_profileinfo(target_user.localpart)
+        profile = await self.store.get_profileinfo(target_user)
         await self.user_directory_handler.handle_local_profile_change(
             target_user.to_string(), profile
         )
@@ -194,9 +192,7 @@ class ProfileHandler:
     async def get_avatar_url(self, target_user: UserID) -> Optional[str]:
         if self.hs.is_mine(target_user):
             try:
-                avatar_url = await self.store.get_profile_avatar_url(
-                    target_user.localpart
-                )
+                avatar_url = await self.store.get_profile_avatar_url(target_user)
             except StoreError as e:
                 if e.code == 404:
                     raise SynapseError(404, "Profile was not found", Codes.NOT_FOUND)
@@ -241,7 +237,7 @@ class ProfileHandler:
             raise AuthError(400, "Cannot set another user's avatar_url")
 
         if not by_admin and not self.hs.config.registration.enable_set_avatar_url:
-            profile = await self.store.get_profileinfo(target_user.localpart)
+            profile = await self.store.get_profileinfo(target_user)
             if profile.avatar_url:
                 raise SynapseError(
                     400, "Changing avatar is disabled on this server", Codes.FORBIDDEN
@@ -272,7 +268,7 @@ class ProfileHandler:
 
         await self.store.set_profile_avatar_url(target_user, avatar_url_to_set)
 
-        profile = await self.store.get_profileinfo(target_user.localpart)
+        profile = await self.store.get_profileinfo(target_user)
         await self.user_directory_handler.handle_local_profile_change(
             target_user.to_string(), profile
         )
@@ -369,14 +365,10 @@ class ProfileHandler:
         response = {}
         try:
             if just_field is None or just_field == "displayname":
-                response["displayname"] = await self.store.get_profile_displayname(
-                    user.localpart
-                )
+                response["displayname"] = await self.store.get_profile_displayname(user)
 
             if just_field is None or just_field == "avatar_url":
-                response["avatar_url"] = await self.store.get_profile_avatar_url(
-                    user.localpart
-                )
+                response["avatar_url"] = await self.store.get_profile_avatar_url(user)
         except StoreError as e:
             if e.code == 404:
                 raise SynapseError(404, "Profile was not found", Codes.NOT_FOUND)
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/read_marker.py b/synapse/handlers/read_marker.py
index 49a497a860..df5a4f3e22 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/read_marker.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/read_marker.py
@@ -27,7 +27,6 @@ logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 class ReadMarkerHandler:
     def __init__(self, hs: "HomeServer"):
-        self.server_name = hs.config.server.server_name
         self.store = hs.get_datastores().main
         self.account_data_handler = hs.get_account_data_handler()
         self.read_marker_linearizer = Linearizer(name="read_marker")
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/register.py b/synapse/handlers/register.py
index c80946c2e9..a2d3f03061 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/register.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/register.py
@@ -315,7 +315,7 @@ class RegistrationHandler:
                 approved=approved,
             )
 
-            profile = await self.store.get_profileinfo(localpart)
+            profile = await self.store.get_profileinfo(user)
             await self.user_directory_handler.handle_local_profile_change(
                 user_id, profile
             )
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/relations.py b/synapse/handlers/relations.py
index 4824635162..db97f7aede 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/relations.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/relations.py
@@ -205,16 +205,22 @@ class RelationsHandler:
             event_id: The event IDs to look and redact relations of.
             initial_redaction_event: The redaction for the event referred to by
                 event_id.
-            relation_types: The types of relations to look for.
+            relation_types: The types of relations to look for. If "*" is in the list,
+                all related events will be redacted regardless of the type.
 
         Raises:
             ShadowBanError if the requester is shadow-banned
         """
-        related_event_ids = (
-            await self._main_store.get_all_relations_for_event_with_types(
-                event_id, relation_types
+        if "*" in relation_types:
+            related_event_ids = await self._main_store.get_all_relations_for_event(
+                event_id
+            )
+        else:
+            related_event_ids = (
+                await self._main_store.get_all_relations_for_event_with_types(
+                    event_id, relation_types
+                )
             )
-        )
 
         for related_event_id in related_event_ids:
             try:
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/room.py b/synapse/handlers/room.py
index 5e1702d78a..cb957f2033 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/room.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/room.py
@@ -1490,7 +1490,6 @@ class RoomContextHandler:
 
 class TimestampLookupHandler:
     def __init__(self, hs: "HomeServer"):
-        self.server_name = hs.hostname
         self.store = hs.get_datastores().main
         self.state_handler = hs.get_state_handler()
         self.federation_client = hs.get_federation_client()
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/stats.py b/synapse/handlers/stats.py
index 5c01482acf..7cabf7980a 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/stats.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/stats.py
@@ -42,7 +42,6 @@ class StatsHandler:
         self.store = hs.get_datastores().main
         self._storage_controllers = hs.get_storage_controllers()
         self.state = hs.get_state_handler()
-        self.server_name = hs.hostname
         self.clock = hs.get_clock()
         self.notifier = hs.get_notifier()
         self.is_mine_id = hs.is_mine_id
diff --git a/synapse/http/matrixfederationclient.py b/synapse/http/matrixfederationclient.py
index 9094dab0fe..abb5ae5815 100644
--- a/synapse/http/matrixfederationclient.py
+++ b/synapse/http/matrixfederationclient.py
@@ -499,8 +499,15 @@ class MatrixFederationHttpClient:
                 Note that the above intervals are *in addition* to the time spent
                 waiting for the request to complete (up to `timeout` ms).
 
-                NB: the long retry algorithm takes over 20 minutes to complete, with
-                a default timeout of 60s!
+                NB: the long retry algorithm takes over 20 minutes to complete, with a
+                default timeout of 60s! It's best not to use the `long_retries` option
+                for something that is blocking a client so we don't make them wait for
+                aaaaages, whereas some things like sending transactions (server to
+                server) we can be a lot more lenient but its very fuzzy / hand-wavey.
+
+                In the future, we could be more intelligent about doing this sort of
+                thing by looking at things with the bigger picture in mind,
+                https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/8917
 
             ignore_backoff: true to ignore the historical backoff data
                 and try the request anyway.
diff --git a/synapse/http/server.py b/synapse/http/server.py
index 101dc2e747..933172c873 100644
--- a/synapse/http/server.py
+++ b/synapse/http/server.py
@@ -108,9 +108,12 @@ def return_json_error(
 
     if f.check(SynapseError):
         # mypy doesn't understand that f.check asserts the type.
-        exc: SynapseError = f.value  # type: ignore
+        exc: SynapseError = f.value
         error_code = exc.code
         error_dict = exc.error_dict(config)
+        if exc.headers is not None:
+            for header, value in exc.headers.items():
+                request.setHeader(header, value)
         logger.info("%s SynapseError: %s - %s", request, error_code, exc.msg)
     elif f.check(CancelledError):
         error_code = HTTP_STATUS_REQUEST_CANCELLED
@@ -121,7 +124,7 @@ def return_json_error(
                 "Got cancellation before client disconnection from %r: %r",
                 request.request_metrics.name,
                 request,
-                exc_info=(f.type, f.value, f.getTracebackObject()),  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+                exc_info=(f.type, f.value, f.getTracebackObject()),
             )
     else:
         error_code = 500
@@ -131,7 +134,7 @@ def return_json_error(
             "Failed handle request via %r: %r",
             request.request_metrics.name,
             request,
-            exc_info=(f.type, f.value, f.getTracebackObject()),  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+            exc_info=(f.type, f.value, f.getTracebackObject()),
         )
 
     # Only respond with an error response if we haven't already started writing,
@@ -169,9 +172,12 @@ def return_html_error(
     """
     if f.check(CodeMessageException):
         # mypy doesn't understand that f.check asserts the type.
-        cme: CodeMessageException = f.value  # type: ignore
+        cme: CodeMessageException = f.value
         code = cme.code
         msg = cme.msg
+        if cme.headers is not None:
+            for header, value in cme.headers.items():
+                request.setHeader(header, value)
 
         if isinstance(cme, RedirectException):
             logger.info("%s redirect to %s", request, cme.location)
@@ -183,7 +189,7 @@ def return_html_error(
             logger.error(
                 "Failed handle request %r",
                 request,
-                exc_info=(f.type, f.value, f.getTracebackObject()),  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+                exc_info=(f.type, f.value, f.getTracebackObject()),
             )
     elif f.check(CancelledError):
         code = HTTP_STATUS_REQUEST_CANCELLED
@@ -193,7 +199,7 @@ def return_html_error(
             logger.error(
                 "Got cancellation before client disconnection when handling request %r",
                 request,
-                exc_info=(f.type, f.value, f.getTracebackObject()),  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+                exc_info=(f.type, f.value, f.getTracebackObject()),
             )
     else:
         code = HTTPStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR
@@ -202,7 +208,7 @@ def return_html_error(
         logger.error(
             "Failed handle request %r",
             request,
-            exc_info=(f.type, f.value, f.getTracebackObject()),  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+            exc_info=(f.type, f.value, f.getTracebackObject()),
         )
 
     if isinstance(error_template, str):
diff --git a/synapse/logging/opentracing.py b/synapse/logging/opentracing.py
index c70eee649c..75217e3f45 100644
--- a/synapse/logging/opentracing.py
+++ b/synapse/logging/opentracing.py
@@ -171,6 +171,7 @@ from functools import wraps
 from typing import (
     TYPE_CHECKING,
     Any,
+    Awaitable,
     Callable,
     Collection,
     ContextManager,
@@ -903,6 +904,7 @@ def _custom_sync_async_decorator(
     """
 
     if inspect.iscoroutinefunction(func):
+        # For this branch, we handle async functions like `async def func() -> RInner`.
         # In this branch, R = Awaitable[RInner], for some other type RInner
         @wraps(func)
         async def _wrapper(
@@ -914,15 +916,16 @@ def _custom_sync_async_decorator(
                 return await func(*args, **kwargs)  # type: ignore[misc]
 
     else:
-        # The other case here handles both sync functions and those
-        # decorated with inlineDeferred.
+        # The other case here handles sync functions including those decorated with
+        # `@defer.inlineCallbacks` or that return a `Deferred` or other `Awaitable`.
         @wraps(func)
-        def _wrapper(*args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> R:
+        def _wrapper(*args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> Any:
             scope = wrapping_logic(func, *args, **kwargs)
             scope.__enter__()
 
             try:
                 result = func(*args, **kwargs)
+
                 if isinstance(result, defer.Deferred):
 
                     def call_back(result: R) -> R:
@@ -930,20 +933,32 @@ def _custom_sync_async_decorator(
                         return result
 
                     def err_back(result: R) -> R:
+                        # TODO: Pass the error details into `scope.__exit__(...)` for
+                        #       consistency with the other paths.
                         scope.__exit__(None, None, None)
                         return result
 
                     result.addCallbacks(call_back, err_back)
 
+                elif inspect.isawaitable(result):
+
+                    async def wrap_awaitable() -> Any:
+                        try:
+                            assert isinstance(result, Awaitable)
+                            awaited_result = await result
+                            scope.__exit__(None, None, None)
+                            return awaited_result
+                        except Exception as e:
+                            scope.__exit__(type(e), None, e.__traceback__)
+                            raise
+
+                    # The original method returned an awaitable, eg. a coroutine, so we
+                    # create another awaitable wrapping it that calls
+                    # `scope.__exit__(...)`.
+                    return wrap_awaitable()
                 else:
-                    if inspect.isawaitable(result):
-                        logger.error(
-                            "@trace may not have wrapped %s correctly! "
-                            "The function is not async but returned a %s.",
-                            func.__qualname__,
-                            type(result).__name__,
-                        )
-
+                    # Just a simple sync function so we can just exit the scope and
+                    # return the result without any fuss.
                     scope.__exit__(None, None, None)
 
                 return result
diff --git a/synapse/media/oembed.py b/synapse/media/oembed.py
index c0eaf04be5..5ad9eec80b 100644
--- a/synapse/media/oembed.py
+++ b/synapse/media/oembed.py
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 import html
 import logging
 import urllib.parse
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, List, Optional
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, List, Optional, cast
 
 import attr
 
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ class OEmbedProvider:
         # No match.
         return None
 
-    def autodiscover_from_html(self, tree: "etree.Element") -> Optional[str]:
+    def autodiscover_from_html(self, tree: "etree._Element") -> Optional[str]:
         """
         Search an HTML document for oEmbed autodiscovery information.
 
@@ -109,18 +109,22 @@ class OEmbedProvider:
             The URL to use for oEmbed information, or None if no URL was found.
         """
         # Search for link elements with the proper rel and type attributes.
-        for tag in tree.xpath(
-            "//link[@rel='alternate'][@type='application/json+oembed']"
+        # Cast: the type returned by xpath depends on the xpath expression: mypy can't deduce this.
+        for tag in cast(
+            List["etree._Element"],
+            tree.xpath("//link[@rel='alternate'][@type='application/json+oembed']"),
         ):
             if "href" in tag.attrib:
-                return tag.attrib["href"]
+                return cast(str, tag.attrib["href"])
 
         # Some providers (e.g. Flickr) use alternative instead of alternate.
-        for tag in tree.xpath(
-            "//link[@rel='alternative'][@type='application/json+oembed']"
+        # Cast: the type returned by xpath depends on the xpath expression: mypy can't deduce this.
+        for tag in cast(
+            List["etree._Element"],
+            tree.xpath("//link[@rel='alternative'][@type='application/json+oembed']"),
         ):
             if "href" in tag.attrib:
-                return tag.attrib["href"]
+                return cast(str, tag.attrib["href"])
 
         return None
 
@@ -212,11 +216,12 @@ class OEmbedProvider:
         return OEmbedResult(open_graph_response, author_name, cache_age)
 
 
-def _fetch_urls(tree: "etree.Element", tag_name: str) -> List[str]:
+def _fetch_urls(tree: "etree._Element", tag_name: str) -> List[str]:
     results = []
-    for tag in tree.xpath("//*/" + tag_name):
+    # Cast: the type returned by xpath depends on the xpath expression: mypy can't deduce this.
+    for tag in cast(List["etree._Element"], tree.xpath("//*/" + tag_name)):
         if "src" in tag.attrib:
-            results.append(tag.attrib["src"])
+            results.append(cast(str, tag.attrib["src"]))
     return results
 
 
@@ -244,11 +249,12 @@ def calc_description_and_urls(open_graph_response: JsonDict, html_body: str) ->
     parser = etree.HTMLParser(recover=True, encoding="utf-8")
 
     # Attempt to parse the body. If this fails, log and return no metadata.
-    tree = etree.fromstring(html_body, parser)
+    # TODO Develop of lxml-stubs has this correct.
+    tree = etree.fromstring(html_body, parser)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
 
     # The data was successfully parsed, but no tree was found.
     if tree is None:
-        return
+        return  # type: ignore[unreachable]
 
     # Attempt to find interesting URLs (images, videos, embeds).
     if "og:image" not in open_graph_response:
diff --git a/synapse/media/preview_html.py b/synapse/media/preview_html.py
index 516d0434f0..1bc7ccb7f3 100644
--- a/synapse/media/preview_html.py
+++ b/synapse/media/preview_html.py
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ from typing import (
     Optional,
     Set,
     Union,
+    cast,
 )
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
@@ -115,7 +116,7 @@ def _get_html_media_encodings(
 
 def decode_body(
     body: bytes, uri: str, content_type: Optional[str] = None
-) -> Optional["etree.Element"]:
+) -> Optional["etree._Element"]:
     """
     This uses lxml to parse the HTML document.
 
@@ -152,11 +153,12 @@ def decode_body(
 
     # Attempt to parse the body. Returns None if the body was successfully
     # parsed, but no tree was found.
-    return etree.fromstring(body, parser)
+    # TODO Develop of lxml-stubs has this correct.
+    return etree.fromstring(body, parser)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
 
 
 def _get_meta_tags(
-    tree: "etree.Element",
+    tree: "etree._Element",
     property: str,
     prefix: str,
     property_mapper: Optional[Callable[[str], Optional[str]]] = None,
@@ -175,9 +177,15 @@ def _get_meta_tags(
     Returns:
         A map of tag name to value.
     """
+    # This actually returns Dict[str, str], but the caller sets this as a variable
+    # which is Dict[str, Optional[str]].
     results: Dict[str, Optional[str]] = {}
-    for tag in tree.xpath(
-        f"//*/meta[starts-with(@{property}, '{prefix}:')][@content][not(@content='')]"
+    # Cast: the type returned by xpath depends on the xpath expression: mypy can't deduce this.
+    for tag in cast(
+        List["etree._Element"],
+        tree.xpath(
+            f"//*/meta[starts-with(@{property}, '{prefix}:')][@content][not(@content='')]"
+        ),
     ):
         # if we've got more than 50 tags, someone is taking the piss
         if len(results) >= 50:
@@ -187,14 +195,15 @@ def _get_meta_tags(
             )
             return {}
 
-        key = tag.attrib[property]
+        key = cast(str, tag.attrib[property])
         if property_mapper:
-            key = property_mapper(key)
+            new_key = property_mapper(key)
             # None is a special value used to ignore a value.
-            if key is None:
+            if new_key is None:
                 continue
+            key = new_key
 
-        results[key] = tag.attrib["content"]
+        results[key] = cast(str, tag.attrib["content"])
 
     return results
 
@@ -219,7 +228,7 @@ def _map_twitter_to_open_graph(key: str) -> Optional[str]:
     return "og" + key[7:]
 
 
-def parse_html_to_open_graph(tree: "etree.Element") -> Dict[str, Optional[str]]:
+def parse_html_to_open_graph(tree: "etree._Element") -> Dict[str, Optional[str]]:
     """
     Parse the HTML document into an Open Graph response.
 
@@ -276,24 +285,36 @@ def parse_html_to_open_graph(tree: "etree.Element") -> Dict[str, Optional[str]]:
 
     if "og:title" not in og:
         # Attempt to find a title from the title tag, or the biggest header on the page.
-        title = tree.xpath("((//title)[1] | (//h1)[1] | (//h2)[1] | (//h3)[1])/text()")
+        # Cast: the type returned by xpath depends on the xpath expression: mypy can't deduce this.
+        title = cast(
+            List["etree._ElementUnicodeResult"],
+            tree.xpath("((//title)[1] | (//h1)[1] | (//h2)[1] | (//h3)[1])/text()"),
+        )
         if title:
             og["og:title"] = title[0].strip()
         else:
             og["og:title"] = None
 
     if "og:image" not in og:
-        meta_image = tree.xpath(
-            "//*/meta[translate(@itemprop, 'IMAGE', 'image')='image'][not(@content='')]/@content[1]"
+        # Cast: the type returned by xpath depends on the xpath expression: mypy can't deduce this.
+        meta_image = cast(
+            List["etree._ElementUnicodeResult"],
+            tree.xpath(
+                "//*/meta[translate(@itemprop, 'IMAGE', 'image')='image'][not(@content='')]/@content[1]"
+            ),
         )
         # If a meta image is found, use it.
         if meta_image:
             og["og:image"] = meta_image[0]
         else:
             # Try to find images which are larger than 10px by 10px.
+            # Cast: the type returned by xpath depends on the xpath expression: mypy can't deduce this.
             #
             # TODO: consider inlined CSS styles as well as width & height attribs
-            images = tree.xpath("//img[@src][number(@width)>10][number(@height)>10]")
+            images = cast(
+                List["etree._Element"],
+                tree.xpath("//img[@src][number(@width)>10][number(@height)>10]"),
+            )
             images = sorted(
                 images,
                 key=lambda i: (
@@ -302,20 +323,29 @@ def parse_html_to_open_graph(tree: "etree.Element") -> Dict[str, Optional[str]]:
             )
             # If no images were found, try to find *any* images.
             if not images:
-                images = tree.xpath("//img[@src][1]")
+                # Cast: the type returned by xpath depends on the xpath expression: mypy can't deduce this.
+                images = cast(List["etree._Element"], tree.xpath("//img[@src][1]"))
             if images:
-                og["og:image"] = images[0].attrib["src"]
+                og["og:image"] = cast(str, images[0].attrib["src"])
 
             # Finally, fallback to the favicon if nothing else.
             else:
-                favicons = tree.xpath("//link[@href][contains(@rel, 'icon')]/@href[1]")
+                # Cast: the type returned by xpath depends on the xpath expression: mypy can't deduce this.
+                favicons = cast(
+                    List["etree._ElementUnicodeResult"],
+                    tree.xpath("//link[@href][contains(@rel, 'icon')]/@href[1]"),
+                )
                 if favicons:
                     og["og:image"] = favicons[0]
 
     if "og:description" not in og:
         # Check the first meta description tag for content.
-        meta_description = tree.xpath(
-            "//*/meta[translate(@name, 'DESCRIPTION', 'description')='description'][not(@content='')]/@content[1]"
+        # Cast: the type returned by xpath depends on the xpath expression: mypy can't deduce this.
+        meta_description = cast(
+            List["etree._ElementUnicodeResult"],
+            tree.xpath(
+                "//*/meta[translate(@name, 'DESCRIPTION', 'description')='description'][not(@content='')]/@content[1]"
+            ),
         )
         # If a meta description is found with content, use it.
         if meta_description:
@@ -332,7 +362,7 @@ def parse_html_to_open_graph(tree: "etree.Element") -> Dict[str, Optional[str]]:
     return og
 
 
-def parse_html_description(tree: "etree.Element") -> Optional[str]:
+def parse_html_description(tree: "etree._Element") -> Optional[str]:
     """
     Calculate a text description based on an HTML document.
 
@@ -368,6 +398,9 @@ def parse_html_description(tree: "etree.Element") -> Optional[str]:
         "canvas",
         "img",
         "picture",
+        # etree.Comment is a function which creates an etree._Comment element.
+        # The "tag" attribute of an etree._Comment instance is confusingly the
+        # etree.Comment function instead of a string.
         etree.Comment,
     }
 
@@ -381,8 +414,8 @@ def parse_html_description(tree: "etree.Element") -> Optional[str]:
 
 
 def _iterate_over_text(
-    tree: Optional["etree.Element"],
-    tags_to_ignore: Set[Union[str, "etree.Comment"]],
+    tree: Optional["etree._Element"],
+    tags_to_ignore: Set[object],
     stack_limit: int = 1024,
 ) -> Generator[str, None, None]:
     """Iterate over the tree returning text nodes in a depth first fashion,
@@ -402,7 +435,7 @@ def _iterate_over_text(
 
     # This is a stack whose items are elements to iterate over *or* strings
     # to be returned.
-    elements: List[Union[str, "etree.Element"]] = [tree]
+    elements: List[Union[str, "etree._Element"]] = [tree]
     while elements:
         el = elements.pop()
 
diff --git a/synapse/module_api/__init__.py b/synapse/module_api/__init__.py
index 0e9f366cba..84b2aef620 100644
--- a/synapse/module_api/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/module_api/__init__.py
@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ from twisted.web.resource import Resource
 
 from synapse.api import errors
 from synapse.api.errors import SynapseError
+from synapse.config import ConfigError
 from synapse.events import EventBase
 from synapse.events.presence_router import (
     GET_INTERESTED_USERS_CALLBACK,
@@ -121,6 +122,7 @@ from synapse.types import (
     JsonMapping,
     Requester,
     RoomAlias,
+    RoomID,
     StateMap,
     UserID,
     UserInfo,
@@ -252,6 +254,7 @@ class ModuleApi:
         self._device_handler = hs.get_device_handler()
         self.custom_template_dir = hs.config.server.custom_template_directory
         self._callbacks = hs.get_module_api_callbacks()
+        self.msc3861_oauth_delegation_enabled = hs.config.experimental.msc3861.enabled
 
         try:
             app_name = self._hs.config.email.email_app_name
@@ -419,6 +422,11 @@ class ModuleApi:
 
         Added in Synapse v1.46.0.
         """
+        if self.msc3861_oauth_delegation_enabled:
+            raise ConfigError(
+                "Cannot use password auth provider callbacks when OAuth delegation is enabled"
+            )
+
         return self._password_auth_provider.register_password_auth_provider_callbacks(
             check_3pid_auth=check_3pid_auth,
             on_logged_out=on_logged_out,
@@ -647,7 +655,9 @@ class ModuleApi:
         Returns:
             The profile information (i.e. display name and avatar URL).
         """
-        return await self._store.get_profileinfo(localpart)
+        server_name = self._hs.hostname
+        user_id = UserID.from_string(f"@{localpart}:{server_name}")
+        return await self._store.get_profileinfo(user_id)
 
     async def get_threepids_for_user(self, user_id: str) -> List[Dict[str, str]]:
         """Look up the threepids (email addresses and phone numbers) associated with the
@@ -1563,6 +1573,32 @@ class ModuleApi:
             start_timestamp, end_timestamp
         )
 
+    async def get_canonical_room_alias(self, room_id: RoomID) -> Optional[RoomAlias]:
+        """
+        Retrieve the given room's current canonical alias.
+
+        A room may declare an alias as "canonical", meaning that it is the
+        preferred alias to use when referring to the room. This function
+        retrieves that alias from the room's state.
+
+        Added in Synapse v1.86.0.
+
+        Args:
+            room_id: The Room ID to find the alias of.
+
+        Returns:
+            None if the room ID does not exist, or if the room exists but has no canonical alias.
+            Otherwise, the parsed room alias.
+        """
+        room_alias_str = (
+            await self._storage_controllers.state.get_canonical_alias_for_room(
+                room_id.to_string()
+            )
+        )
+        if room_alias_str:
+            return RoomAlias.from_string(room_alias_str)
+        return None
+
     async def lookup_room_alias(self, room_alias: str) -> Tuple[str, List[str]]:
         """
         Get the room ID associated with a room alias.
diff --git a/synapse/push/bulk_push_rule_evaluator.py b/synapse/push/bulk_push_rule_evaluator.py
index 320084f5f5..33002cc0f2 100644
--- a/synapse/push/bulk_push_rule_evaluator.py
+++ b/synapse/push/bulk_push_rule_evaluator.py
@@ -120,9 +120,6 @@ class BulkPushRuleEvaluator:
         self.should_calculate_push_rules = self.hs.config.push.enable_push
 
         self._related_event_match_enabled = self.hs.config.experimental.msc3664_enabled
-        self._intentional_mentions_enabled = (
-            self.hs.config.experimental.msc3952_intentional_mentions
-        )
 
         self.room_push_rule_cache_metrics = register_cache(
             "cache",
@@ -390,10 +387,7 @@ class BulkPushRuleEvaluator:
                         del notification_levels[key]
 
         # Pull out any user and room mentions.
-        has_mentions = (
-            self._intentional_mentions_enabled
-            and EventContentFields.MSC3952_MENTIONS in event.content
-        )
+        has_mentions = EventContentFields.MENTIONS in event.content
 
         evaluator = PushRuleEvaluator(
             _flatten_dict(event),
diff --git a/synapse/push/mailer.py b/synapse/push/mailer.py
index 491a09b71d..79e0627b6a 100644
--- a/synapse/push/mailer.py
+++ b/synapse/push/mailer.py
@@ -247,7 +247,7 @@ class Mailer:
 
         try:
             user_display_name = await self.store.get_profile_displayname(
-                UserID.from_string(user_id).localpart
+                UserID.from_string(user_id)
             )
             if user_display_name is None:
                 user_display_name = user_id
diff --git a/synapse/rest/admin/__init__.py b/synapse/rest/admin/__init__.py
index c729364839..fe8177ed4d 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/admin/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/admin/__init__.py
@@ -257,9 +257,11 @@ def register_servlets(hs: "HomeServer", http_server: HttpServer) -> None:
     DeleteRoomStatusByRoomIdRestServlet(hs).register(http_server)
     JoinRoomAliasServlet(hs).register(http_server)
     VersionServlet(hs).register(http_server)
-    UserAdminServlet(hs).register(http_server)
+    if not hs.config.experimental.msc3861.enabled:
+        UserAdminServlet(hs).register(http_server)
     UserMembershipRestServlet(hs).register(http_server)
-    UserTokenRestServlet(hs).register(http_server)
+    if not hs.config.experimental.msc3861.enabled:
+        UserTokenRestServlet(hs).register(http_server)
     UserRestServletV2(hs).register(http_server)
     UsersRestServletV2(hs).register(http_server)
     UserMediaStatisticsRestServlet(hs).register(http_server)
@@ -274,9 +276,10 @@ def register_servlets(hs: "HomeServer", http_server: HttpServer) -> None:
     RoomEventContextServlet(hs).register(http_server)
     RateLimitRestServlet(hs).register(http_server)
     UsernameAvailableRestServlet(hs).register(http_server)
-    ListRegistrationTokensRestServlet(hs).register(http_server)
-    NewRegistrationTokenRestServlet(hs).register(http_server)
-    RegistrationTokenRestServlet(hs).register(http_server)
+    if not hs.config.experimental.msc3861.enabled:
+        ListRegistrationTokensRestServlet(hs).register(http_server)
+        NewRegistrationTokenRestServlet(hs).register(http_server)
+        RegistrationTokenRestServlet(hs).register(http_server)
     DestinationMembershipRestServlet(hs).register(http_server)
     DestinationResetConnectionRestServlet(hs).register(http_server)
     DestinationRestServlet(hs).register(http_server)
@@ -306,10 +309,12 @@ def register_servlets_for_client_rest_resource(
     # The following resources can only be run on the main process.
     if hs.config.worker.worker_app is None:
         DeactivateAccountRestServlet(hs).register(http_server)
-        ResetPasswordRestServlet(hs).register(http_server)
+        if not hs.config.experimental.msc3861.enabled:
+            ResetPasswordRestServlet(hs).register(http_server)
     SearchUsersRestServlet(hs).register(http_server)
-    UserRegisterServlet(hs).register(http_server)
-    AccountValidityRenewServlet(hs).register(http_server)
+    if not hs.config.experimental.msc3861.enabled:
+        UserRegisterServlet(hs).register(http_server)
+        AccountValidityRenewServlet(hs).register(http_server)
 
     # Load the media repo ones if we're using them. Otherwise load the servlets which
     # don't need a media repo (typically readonly admin APIs).
diff --git a/synapse/rest/admin/users.py b/synapse/rest/admin/users.py
index 932333ae57..407fe9c804 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/admin/users.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/admin/users.py
@@ -71,6 +71,7 @@ class UsersRestServletV2(RestServlet):
         self.auth = hs.get_auth()
         self.admin_handler = hs.get_admin_handler()
         self._msc3866_enabled = hs.config.experimental.msc3866.enabled
+        self._msc3861_enabled = hs.config.experimental.msc3861.enabled
 
     async def on_GET(self, request: SynapseRequest) -> Tuple[int, JsonDict]:
         await assert_requester_is_admin(self.auth, request)
@@ -94,7 +95,14 @@ class UsersRestServletV2(RestServlet):
 
         user_id = parse_string(request, "user_id")
         name = parse_string(request, "name")
+
         guests = parse_boolean(request, "guests", default=True)
+        if self._msc3861_enabled and guests:
+            raise SynapseError(
+                HTTPStatus.BAD_REQUEST,
+                "The guests parameter is not supported when MSC3861 is enabled.",
+                errcode=Codes.INVALID_PARAM,
+            )
         deactivated = parse_boolean(request, "deactivated", default=False)
 
         # If support for MSC3866 is not enabled, apply no filtering based on the
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/account.py b/synapse/rest/client/account.py
index 3d0c55daa0..679ab9f266 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/account.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/account.py
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ from synapse.api.constants import LoginType
 from synapse.api.errors import (
     Codes,
     InteractiveAuthIncompleteError,
+    NotFoundError,
     SynapseError,
     ThreepidValidationError,
 )
@@ -600,6 +601,9 @@ class ThreepidRestServlet(RestServlet):
     # ThreePidBindRestServelet.PostBody with an `alias_generator` to handle
     # `threePidCreds` versus `three_pid_creds`.
     async def on_POST(self, request: SynapseRequest) -> Tuple[int, JsonDict]:
+        if self.hs.config.experimental.msc3861.enabled:
+            raise NotFoundError(errcode=Codes.UNRECOGNIZED)
+
         if not self.hs.config.registration.enable_3pid_changes:
             raise SynapseError(
                 400, "3PID changes are disabled on this server", Codes.FORBIDDEN
@@ -890,19 +894,21 @@ class AccountStatusRestServlet(RestServlet):
 
 def register_servlets(hs: "HomeServer", http_server: HttpServer) -> None:
     if hs.config.worker.worker_app is None:
-        EmailPasswordRequestTokenRestServlet(hs).register(http_server)
-        PasswordRestServlet(hs).register(http_server)
-        DeactivateAccountRestServlet(hs).register(http_server)
-        EmailThreepidRequestTokenRestServlet(hs).register(http_server)
-        MsisdnThreepidRequestTokenRestServlet(hs).register(http_server)
-        AddThreepidEmailSubmitTokenServlet(hs).register(http_server)
-        AddThreepidMsisdnSubmitTokenServlet(hs).register(http_server)
+        if not hs.config.experimental.msc3861.enabled:
+            EmailPasswordRequestTokenRestServlet(hs).register(http_server)
+            DeactivateAccountRestServlet(hs).register(http_server)
+            PasswordRestServlet(hs).register(http_server)
+            EmailThreepidRequestTokenRestServlet(hs).register(http_server)
+            MsisdnThreepidRequestTokenRestServlet(hs).register(http_server)
+            AddThreepidEmailSubmitTokenServlet(hs).register(http_server)
+            AddThreepidMsisdnSubmitTokenServlet(hs).register(http_server)
     ThreepidRestServlet(hs).register(http_server)
     if hs.config.worker.worker_app is None:
-        ThreepidAddRestServlet(hs).register(http_server)
         ThreepidBindRestServlet(hs).register(http_server)
         ThreepidUnbindRestServlet(hs).register(http_server)
-        ThreepidDeleteRestServlet(hs).register(http_server)
+        if not hs.config.experimental.msc3861.enabled:
+            ThreepidAddRestServlet(hs).register(http_server)
+            ThreepidDeleteRestServlet(hs).register(http_server)
     WhoamiRestServlet(hs).register(http_server)
 
     if hs.config.worker.worker_app is None and hs.config.experimental.msc3720_enabled:
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/capabilities.py b/synapse/rest/client/capabilities.py
index 0dbf8f6818..3154b9f77e 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/capabilities.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/capabilities.py
@@ -65,6 +65,9 @@ class CapabilitiesRestServlet(RestServlet):
                 "m.3pid_changes": {
                     "enabled": self.config.registration.enable_3pid_changes
                 },
+                "m.get_login_token": {
+                    "enabled": self.config.auth.login_via_existing_enabled,
+                },
             }
         }
 
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/devices.py b/synapse/rest/client/devices.py
index e97d0bf475..38dff9703f 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/devices.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/devices.py
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, List, Optional, Tuple
 from pydantic import Extra, StrictStr
 
 from synapse.api import errors
-from synapse.api.errors import NotFoundError
+from synapse.api.errors import NotFoundError, UnrecognizedRequestError
 from synapse.handlers.device import DeviceHandler
 from synapse.http.server import HttpServer
 from synapse.http.servlet import (
@@ -135,6 +135,7 @@ class DeviceRestServlet(RestServlet):
         self.device_handler = handler
         self.auth_handler = hs.get_auth_handler()
         self._msc3852_enabled = hs.config.experimental.msc3852_enabled
+        self._msc3861_oauth_delegation_enabled = hs.config.experimental.msc3861.enabled
 
     async def on_GET(
         self, request: SynapseRequest, device_id: str
@@ -166,6 +167,9 @@ class DeviceRestServlet(RestServlet):
     async def on_DELETE(
         self, request: SynapseRequest, device_id: str
     ) -> Tuple[int, JsonDict]:
+        if self._msc3861_oauth_delegation_enabled:
+            raise UnrecognizedRequestError(code=404)
+
         requester = await self.auth.get_user_by_req(request)
 
         try:
@@ -344,7 +348,10 @@ class ClaimDehydratedDeviceServlet(RestServlet):
 
 
 def register_servlets(hs: "HomeServer", http_server: HttpServer) -> None:
-    if hs.config.worker.worker_app is None:
+    if (
+        hs.config.worker.worker_app is None
+        and not hs.config.experimental.msc3861.enabled
+    ):
         DeleteDevicesRestServlet(hs).register(http_server)
     DevicesRestServlet(hs).register(http_server)
     if hs.config.worker.worker_app is None:
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/filter.py b/synapse/rest/client/filter.py
index 04561f36d7..5da1e511a2 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/filter.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/filter.py
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ class GetFilterRestServlet(RestServlet):
 
         try:
             filter_collection = await self.filtering.get_user_filter(
-                user_localpart=target_user.localpart, filter_id=filter_id_int
+                user_id=target_user, filter_id=filter_id_int
             )
         except StoreError as e:
             if e.code != 404:
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/keys.py b/synapse/rest/client/keys.py
index 413edd8a4d..70b8be1aa2 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/keys.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/keys.py
@@ -17,9 +17,10 @@
 import logging
 import re
 from collections import Counter
+from http import HTTPStatus
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Dict, Optional, Tuple
 
-from synapse.api.errors import InvalidAPICallError, SynapseError
+from synapse.api.errors import Codes, InvalidAPICallError, SynapseError
 from synapse.http.server import HttpServer
 from synapse.http.servlet import (
     RestServlet,
@@ -375,9 +376,29 @@ class SigningKeyUploadServlet(RestServlet):
         user_id = requester.user.to_string()
         body = parse_json_object_from_request(request)
 
-        if self.hs.config.experimental.msc3967_enabled:
-            if await self.e2e_keys_handler.is_cross_signing_set_up_for_user(user_id):
-                # If we already have a master key then cross signing is set up and we require UIA to reset
+        is_cross_signing_setup = (
+            await self.e2e_keys_handler.is_cross_signing_set_up_for_user(user_id)
+        )
+
+        # Before MSC3967 we required UIA both when setting up cross signing for the
+        # first time and when resetting the device signing key. With MSC3967 we only
+        # require UIA when resetting cross-signing, and not when setting up the first
+        # time. Because there is no UIA in MSC3861, for now we throw an error if the
+        # user tries to reset the device signing key when MSC3861 is enabled, but allow
+        # first-time setup.
+        if self.hs.config.experimental.msc3861.enabled:
+            # There is no way to reset the device signing key with MSC3861
+            if is_cross_signing_setup:
+                raise SynapseError(
+                    HTTPStatus.NOT_IMPLEMENTED,
+                    "Resetting cross signing keys is not yet supported with MSC3861",
+                    Codes.UNRECOGNIZED,
+                )
+            # But first-time setup is fine
+
+        elif self.hs.config.experimental.msc3967_enabled:
+            # If we already have a master key then cross signing is set up and we require UIA to reset
+            if is_cross_signing_setup:
                 await self.auth_handler.validate_user_via_ui_auth(
                     requester,
                     request,
@@ -387,6 +408,7 @@ class SigningKeyUploadServlet(RestServlet):
                     can_skip_ui_auth=False,
                 )
             # Otherwise we don't require UIA since we are setting up cross signing for first time
+
         else:
             # Previous behaviour is to always require UIA but allow it to be skipped
             await self.auth_handler.validate_user_via_ui_auth(
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/login.py b/synapse/rest/client/login.py
index 6ca61ffbd0..6493b00bb8 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/login.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/login.py
@@ -104,6 +104,9 @@ class LoginRestServlet(RestServlet):
             and hs.config.experimental.msc3866.require_approval_for_new_accounts
         )
 
+        # Whether get login token is enabled.
+        self._get_login_token_enabled = hs.config.auth.login_via_existing_enabled
+
         self.auth = hs.get_auth()
 
         self.clock = hs.get_clock()
@@ -142,6 +145,9 @@ class LoginRestServlet(RestServlet):
             # to SSO.
             flows.append({"type": LoginRestServlet.CAS_TYPE})
 
+        # The login token flow requires m.login.token to be advertised.
+        support_login_token_flow = self._get_login_token_enabled
+
         if self.cas_enabled or self.saml2_enabled or self.oidc_enabled:
             flows.append(
                 {
@@ -153,14 +159,23 @@ class LoginRestServlet(RestServlet):
                 }
             )
 
-            # While it's valid for us to advertise this login type generally,
-            # synapse currently only gives out these tokens as part of the
-            # SSO login flow.
-            # Generally we don't want to advertise login flows that clients
-            # don't know how to implement, since they (currently) will always
-            # fall back to the fallback API if they don't understand one of the
-            # login flow types returned.
-            flows.append({"type": LoginRestServlet.TOKEN_TYPE})
+            # SSO requires a login token to be generated, so we need to advertise that flow
+            support_login_token_flow = True
+
+        # While it's valid for us to advertise this login type generally,
+        # synapse currently only gives out these tokens as part of the
+        # SSO login flow or as part of login via an existing session.
+        #
+        # Generally we don't want to advertise login flows that clients
+        # don't know how to implement, since they (currently) will always
+        # fall back to the fallback API if they don't understand one of the
+        # login flow types returned.
+        if support_login_token_flow:
+            tokenTypeFlow: Dict[str, Any] = {"type": LoginRestServlet.TOKEN_TYPE}
+            # If the login token flow is enabled advertise the get_login_token flag.
+            if self._get_login_token_enabled:
+                tokenTypeFlow["get_login_token"] = True
+            flows.append(tokenTypeFlow)
 
         flows.extend({"type": t} for t in self.auth_handler.get_supported_login_types())
 
@@ -633,6 +648,9 @@ class CasTicketServlet(RestServlet):
 
 
 def register_servlets(hs: "HomeServer", http_server: HttpServer) -> None:
+    if hs.config.experimental.msc3861.enabled:
+        return
+
     LoginRestServlet(hs).register(http_server)
     if (
         hs.config.worker.worker_app is None
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/login_token_request.py b/synapse/rest/client/login_token_request.py
index 43ea21d5e6..b1629f94a5 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/login_token_request.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/login_token_request.py
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 import logging
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Tuple
 
+from synapse.api.ratelimiting import Ratelimiter
 from synapse.http.server import HttpServer
 from synapse.http.servlet import RestServlet, parse_json_object_from_request
 from synapse.http.site import SynapseRequest
@@ -33,7 +34,7 @@ class LoginTokenRequestServlet(RestServlet):
 
     Request:
 
-    POST /login/token HTTP/1.1
+    POST /login/get_token HTTP/1.1
     Content-Type: application/json
 
     {}
@@ -43,30 +44,45 @@ class LoginTokenRequestServlet(RestServlet):
     HTTP/1.1 200 OK
     {
         "login_token": "ABDEFGH",
-        "expires_in": 3600,
+        "expires_in_ms": 3600000,
     }
     """
 
-    PATTERNS = client_patterns(
-        "/org.matrix.msc3882/login/token$", releases=[], v1=False, unstable=True
-    )
+    PATTERNS = [
+        *client_patterns(
+            "/login/get_token$", releases=["v1"], v1=False, unstable=False
+        ),
+        # TODO: this is no longer needed once unstable MSC3882 does not need to be supported:
+        *client_patterns(
+            "/org.matrix.msc3882/login/token$", releases=[], v1=False, unstable=True
+        ),
+    ]
 
     def __init__(self, hs: "HomeServer"):
         super().__init__()
         self.auth = hs.get_auth()
-        self.store = hs.get_datastores().main
-        self.clock = hs.get_clock()
-        self.server_name = hs.config.server.server_name
+        self._main_store = hs.get_datastores().main
         self.auth_handler = hs.get_auth_handler()
-        self.token_timeout = hs.config.experimental.msc3882_token_timeout
-        self.ui_auth = hs.config.experimental.msc3882_ui_auth
+        self.token_timeout = hs.config.auth.login_via_existing_token_timeout
+        self._require_ui_auth = hs.config.auth.login_via_existing_require_ui_auth
+
+        # Ratelimit aggressively to a maxmimum of 1 request per minute.
+        #
+        # This endpoint can be used to spawn additional sessions and could be
+        # abused by a malicious client to create many sessions.
+        self._ratelimiter = Ratelimiter(
+            store=self._main_store,
+            clock=hs.get_clock(),
+            rate_hz=1 / 60,
+            burst_count=1,
+        )
 
     @interactive_auth_handler
     async def on_POST(self, request: SynapseRequest) -> Tuple[int, JsonDict]:
         requester = await self.auth.get_user_by_req(request)
         body = parse_json_object_from_request(request)
 
-        if self.ui_auth:
+        if self._require_ui_auth:
             await self.auth_handler.validate_user_via_ui_auth(
                 requester,
                 request,
@@ -75,9 +91,12 @@ class LoginTokenRequestServlet(RestServlet):
                 can_skip_ui_auth=False,  # Don't allow skipping of UI auth
             )
 
+        # Ensure that this endpoint isn't being used too often. (Ensure this is
+        # done *after* UI auth.)
+        await self._ratelimiter.ratelimit(None, requester.user.to_string().lower())
+
         login_token = await self.auth_handler.create_login_token_for_user_id(
             user_id=requester.user.to_string(),
-            auth_provider_id="org.matrix.msc3882.login_token_request",
             duration_ms=self.token_timeout,
         )
 
@@ -85,11 +104,13 @@ class LoginTokenRequestServlet(RestServlet):
             200,
             {
                 "login_token": login_token,
+                # TODO: this is no longer needed once unstable MSC3882 does not need to be supported:
                 "expires_in": self.token_timeout // 1000,
+                "expires_in_ms": self.token_timeout,
             },
         )
 
 
 def register_servlets(hs: "HomeServer", http_server: HttpServer) -> None:
-    if hs.config.experimental.msc3882_enabled:
+    if hs.config.auth.login_via_existing_enabled:
         LoginTokenRequestServlet(hs).register(http_server)
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/logout.py b/synapse/rest/client/logout.py
index 6d34625ad5..94ad90942f 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/logout.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/logout.py
@@ -80,5 +80,8 @@ class LogoutAllRestServlet(RestServlet):
 
 
 def register_servlets(hs: "HomeServer", http_server: HttpServer) -> None:
+    if hs.config.experimental.msc3861.enabled:
+        return
+
     LogoutRestServlet(hs).register(http_server)
     LogoutAllRestServlet(hs).register(http_server)
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/register.py b/synapse/rest/client/register.py
index 7f84a17e29..d59669f0b6 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/register.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/register.py
@@ -869,6 +869,74 @@ class RegisterRestServlet(RestServlet):
         return 200, result
 
 
+class RegisterAppServiceOnlyRestServlet(RestServlet):
+    """An alternative registration API endpoint that only allows ASes to register
+
+    This replaces the regular /register endpoint if MSC3861. There are two notable
+    differences with the regular /register endpoint:
+     - It only allows the `m.login.application_service` login type
+     - It does not create a device or access token for the just-registered user
+
+    Note that the exact behaviour of this endpoint is not yet finalised. It should be
+    just good enough to make most ASes work.
+    """
+
+    PATTERNS = client_patterns("/register$")
+    CATEGORY = "Registration/login requests"
+
+    def __init__(self, hs: "HomeServer"):
+        super().__init__()
+
+        self.auth = hs.get_auth()
+        self.registration_handler = hs.get_registration_handler()
+        self.ratelimiter = hs.get_registration_ratelimiter()
+
+    @interactive_auth_handler
+    async def on_POST(self, request: SynapseRequest) -> Tuple[int, JsonDict]:
+        body = parse_json_object_from_request(request)
+
+        client_addr = request.getClientAddress().host
+
+        await self.ratelimiter.ratelimit(None, client_addr, update=False)
+
+        kind = parse_string(request, "kind", default="user")
+
+        if kind == "guest":
+            raise SynapseError(403, "Guest access is disabled")
+        elif kind != "user":
+            raise UnrecognizedRequestError(
+                f"Do not understand membership kind: {kind}",
+            )
+
+        # Pull out the provided username and do basic sanity checks early since
+        # the auth layer will store these in sessions.
+        desired_username = body.get("username")
+        if not isinstance(desired_username, str) or len(desired_username) > 512:
+            raise SynapseError(400, "Invalid username")
+
+        # Allow only ASes to use this API.
+        if body.get("type") != APP_SERVICE_REGISTRATION_TYPE:
+            raise SynapseError(403, "Non-application service registration type")
+
+        if not self.auth.has_access_token(request):
+            raise SynapseError(
+                400,
+                "Appservice token must be provided when using a type of m.login.application_service",
+            )
+
+        # XXX we should check that desired_username is valid. Currently
+        # we give appservices carte blanche for any insanity in mxids,
+        # because the IRC bridges rely on being able to register stupid
+        # IDs.
+
+        as_token = self.auth.get_access_token_from_request(request)
+
+        user_id = await self.registration_handler.appservice_register(
+            desired_username, as_token
+        )
+        return 200, {"user_id": user_id}
+
+
 def _calculate_registration_flows(
     config: HomeServerConfig, auth_handler: AuthHandler
 ) -> List[List[str]]:
@@ -955,6 +1023,10 @@ def _calculate_registration_flows(
 
 
 def register_servlets(hs: "HomeServer", http_server: HttpServer) -> None:
+    if hs.config.experimental.msc3861.enabled:
+        RegisterAppServiceOnlyRestServlet(hs).register(http_server)
+        return
+
     if hs.config.worker.worker_app is None:
         EmailRegisterRequestTokenRestServlet(hs).register(http_server)
         MsisdnRegisterRequestTokenRestServlet(hs).register(http_server)
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/sync.py b/synapse/rest/client/sync.py
index 03b0578945..d7854ed4fd 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/sync.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/sync.py
@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ class SyncRestServlet(RestServlet):
         else:
             try:
                 filter_collection = await self.filtering.get_user_filter(
-                    user.localpart, filter_id
+                    user, filter_id
                 )
             except StoreError as err:
                 if err.code != 404:
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/versions.py b/synapse/rest/client/versions.py
index 32df054f56..1910648755 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/versions.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/versions.py
@@ -113,8 +113,8 @@ class VersionsRestServlet(RestServlet):
                     "fi.mau.msc2815": self.config.experimental.msc2815_enabled,
                     # Adds a ping endpoint for appservices to check HS->AS connection
                     "fi.mau.msc2659.stable": True,  # TODO: remove when "v1.7" is added above
-                    # Adds support for login token requests as per MSC3882
-                    "org.matrix.msc3882": self.config.experimental.msc3882_enabled,
+                    # TODO: this is no longer needed once unstable MSC3882 does not need to be supported:
+                    "org.matrix.msc3882": self.config.auth.login_via_existing_enabled,
                     # Adds support for remotely enabling/disabling pushers, as per MSC3881
                     "org.matrix.msc3881": self.config.experimental.msc3881_enabled,
                     # Adds support for filtering /messages by event relation.
@@ -124,8 +124,6 @@ class VersionsRestServlet(RestServlet):
                     is not None,
                     # Adds support for relation-based redactions as per MSC3912.
                     "org.matrix.msc3912": self.config.experimental.msc3912_enabled,
-                    # Adds support for unstable "intentional mentions" behaviour.
-                    "org.matrix.msc3952_intentional_mentions": self.config.experimental.msc3952_intentional_mentions,
                     # Whether recursively provide relations is supported.
                     "org.matrix.msc3981": self.config.experimental.msc3981_recurse_relations,
                     # Adds support for deleting account data.
diff --git a/synapse/rest/media/upload_resource.py b/synapse/rest/media/upload_resource.py
index 697348613b..043e8d6077 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/media/upload_resource.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/media/upload_resource.py
@@ -39,7 +39,6 @@ class UploadResource(DirectServeJsonResource):
         self.filepaths = media_repo.filepaths
         self.store = hs.get_datastores().main
         self.clock = hs.get_clock()
-        self.server_name = hs.hostname
         self.auth = hs.get_auth()
         self.max_upload_size = hs.config.media.max_upload_size
         self.clock = hs.get_clock()
diff --git a/synapse/rest/synapse/client/__init__.py b/synapse/rest/synapse/client/__init__.py
index e55924f597..57335fb913 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/synapse/client/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/synapse/client/__init__.py
@@ -46,6 +46,12 @@ def build_synapse_client_resource_tree(hs: "HomeServer") -> Mapping[str, Resourc
         "/_synapse/client/unsubscribe": UnsubscribeResource(hs),
     }
 
+    # Expose the JWKS endpoint if OAuth2 delegation is enabled
+    if hs.config.experimental.msc3861.enabled:
+        from synapse.rest.synapse.client.jwks import JwksResource
+
+        resources["/_synapse/jwks"] = JwksResource(hs)
+
     # provider-specific SSO bits. Only load these if they are enabled, since they
     # rely on optional dependencies.
     if hs.config.oidc.oidc_enabled:
diff --git a/synapse/rest/synapse/client/jwks.py b/synapse/rest/synapse/client/jwks.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7c0a1223fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/rest/synapse/client/jwks.py
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+# Copyright 2022 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+import logging
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Tuple
+
+from synapse.http.server import DirectServeJsonResource
+from synapse.http.site import SynapseRequest
+from synapse.types import JsonDict
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from synapse.server import HomeServer
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class JwksResource(DirectServeJsonResource):
+    def __init__(self, hs: "HomeServer"):
+        super().__init__(extract_context=True)
+
+        # Parameters that are allowed to be exposed in the public key.
+        # This is done manually, because authlib's private to public key conversion
+        # is unreliable depending on the version. Instead, we just serialize the private
+        # key and only keep the public parameters.
+        # List from https://www.iana.org/assignments/jose/jose.xhtml#web-key-parameters
+        public_parameters = {
+            "kty",
+            "use",
+            "key_ops",
+            "alg",
+            "kid",
+            "x5u",
+            "x5c",
+            "x5t",
+            "x5t#S256",
+            "crv",
+            "x",
+            "y",
+            "n",
+            "e",
+            "ext",
+        }
+
+        key = hs.config.experimental.msc3861.jwk
+
+        if key is not None:
+            private_key = key.as_dict()
+            public_key = {
+                k: v for k, v in private_key.items() if k in public_parameters
+            }
+            keys = [public_key]
+        else:
+            keys = []
+
+        self.res = {
+            "keys": keys,
+        }
+
+    async def _async_render_GET(self, request: SynapseRequest) -> Tuple[int, JsonDict]:
+        return 200, self.res
diff --git a/synapse/rest/well_known.py b/synapse/rest/well_known.py
index e2174fdfea..b8b4b5379b 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/well_known.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/well_known.py
@@ -44,6 +44,16 @@ class WellKnownBuilder:
                 "base_url": self._config.registration.default_identity_server
             }
 
+        # We use the MSC3861 values as they are used by multiple MSCs
+        if self._config.experimental.msc3861.enabled:
+            result["org.matrix.msc2965.authentication"] = {
+                "issuer": self._config.experimental.msc3861.issuer
+            }
+            if self._config.experimental.msc3861.account_management_url is not None:
+                result["org.matrix.msc2965.authentication"][
+                    "account"
+                ] = self._config.experimental.msc3861.account_management_url
+
         if self._config.server.extra_well_known_client_content:
             for (
                 key,
diff --git a/synapse/server.py b/synapse/server.py
index cce5fb66ff..0f36ef69cb 100644
--- a/synapse/server.py
+++ b/synapse/server.py
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ from twisted.web.iweb import IPolicyForHTTPS
 from twisted.web.resource import Resource
 
 from synapse.api.auth import Auth
+from synapse.api.auth.internal import InternalAuth
 from synapse.api.auth_blocking import AuthBlocking
 from synapse.api.filtering import Filtering
 from synapse.api.ratelimiting import Ratelimiter, RequestRatelimiter
@@ -427,7 +428,11 @@ class HomeServer(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
 
     @cache_in_self
     def get_auth(self) -> Auth:
-        return Auth(self)
+        if self.config.experimental.msc3861.enabled:
+            from synapse.api.auth.msc3861_delegated import MSC3861DelegatedAuth
+
+            return MSC3861DelegatedAuth(self)
+        return InternalAuth(self)
 
     @cache_in_self
     def get_auth_blocking(self) -> AuthBlocking:
diff --git a/synapse/storage/controllers/state.py b/synapse/storage/controllers/state.py
index 7089b0a1d8..233df7cce2 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/controllers/state.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/controllers/state.py
@@ -485,7 +485,7 @@ class StateStorageController:
         if not event:
             return None
 
-        return event.content.get("canonical_alias")
+        return event.content.get("alias")
 
     @trace
     @tag_args
diff --git a/synapse/storage/databases/main/devices.py b/synapse/storage/databases/main/devices.py
index a67fdb3c22..f677d048aa 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/databases/main/devices.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/databases/main/devices.py
@@ -1941,6 +1941,10 @@ class DeviceStore(DeviceWorkerStore, DeviceBackgroundUpdateStore):
             user_id,
             stream_ids[-1],
         )
+        txn.call_after(
+            self._get_e2e_device_keys_for_federation_query_inner.invalidate,
+            (user_id,),
+        )
 
         min_stream_id = stream_ids[0]
 
diff --git a/synapse/storage/databases/main/end_to_end_keys.py b/synapse/storage/databases/main/end_to_end_keys.py
index 4bc391f213..91ae9c457d 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/databases/main/end_to_end_keys.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/databases/main/end_to_end_keys.py
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 import abc
 from typing import (
     TYPE_CHECKING,
+    Any,
     Collection,
     Dict,
     Iterable,
@@ -39,6 +40,7 @@ from synapse.appservice import (
     TransactionUnusedFallbackKeys,
 )
 from synapse.logging.opentracing import log_kv, set_tag, trace
+from synapse.replication.tcp.streams._base import DeviceListsStream
 from synapse.storage._base import SQLBaseStore, db_to_json
 from synapse.storage.database import (
     DatabasePool,
@@ -104,6 +106,23 @@ class EndToEndKeyWorkerStore(EndToEndKeyBackgroundStore, CacheInvalidationWorker
             self.hs.config.federation.allow_device_name_lookup_over_federation
         )
 
+    def process_replication_rows(
+        self,
+        stream_name: str,
+        instance_name: str,
+        token: int,
+        rows: Iterable[Any],
+    ) -> None:
+        if stream_name == DeviceListsStream.NAME:
+            for row in rows:
+                assert isinstance(row, DeviceListsStream.DeviceListsStreamRow)
+                if row.entity.startswith("@"):
+                    self._get_e2e_device_keys_for_federation_query_inner.invalidate(
+                        (row.entity,)
+                    )
+
+        super().process_replication_rows(stream_name, instance_name, token, rows)
+
     async def get_e2e_device_keys_for_federation_query(
         self, user_id: str
     ) -> Tuple[int, List[JsonDict]]:
@@ -114,6 +133,50 @@ class EndToEndKeyWorkerStore(EndToEndKeyBackgroundStore, CacheInvalidationWorker
         """
         now_stream_id = self.get_device_stream_token()
 
+        # We need to be careful with the caching here, as we need to always
+        # return *all* persisted devices, however there may be a lag between a
+        # new device being persisted and the cache being invalidated.
+        cached_results = (
+            self._get_e2e_device_keys_for_federation_query_inner.cache.get_immediate(
+                user_id, None
+            )
+        )
+        if cached_results is not None:
+            # Check that there have been no new devices added by another worker
+            # after the cache. This should be quick as there should be few rows
+            # with a higher stream ordering.
+            #
+            # Note that we invalidate based on the device stream, so we only
+            # have to check for potential invalidations after the
+            # `now_stream_id`.
+            sql = """
+                SELECT user_id FROM device_lists_stream
+                WHERE stream_id >= ? AND user_id = ?
+            """
+            rows = await self.db_pool.execute(
+                "get_e2e_device_keys_for_federation_query_check",
+                None,
+                sql,
+                now_stream_id,
+                user_id,
+            )
+            if not rows:
+                # No new rows, so cache is still valid.
+                return now_stream_id, cached_results
+
+            # There has, so let's invalidate the cache and run the query.
+            self._get_e2e_device_keys_for_federation_query_inner.invalidate((user_id,))
+
+        results = await self._get_e2e_device_keys_for_federation_query_inner(user_id)
+
+        return now_stream_id, results
+
+    @cached(iterable=True)
+    async def _get_e2e_device_keys_for_federation_query_inner(
+        self, user_id: str
+    ) -> List[JsonDict]:
+        """Get all devices (with any device keys) for a user"""
+
         devices = await self.get_e2e_device_keys_and_signatures([(user_id, None)])
 
         if devices:
@@ -134,9 +197,9 @@ class EndToEndKeyWorkerStore(EndToEndKeyBackgroundStore, CacheInvalidationWorker
 
                 results.append(result)
 
-            return now_stream_id, results
+            return results
 
-        return now_stream_id, []
+        return []
 
     @trace
     @cancellable
diff --git a/synapse/storage/databases/main/filtering.py b/synapse/storage/databases/main/filtering.py
index f777777cbf..fff417f9e3 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/databases/main/filtering.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/databases/main/filtering.py
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ class FilteringWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
     @cached(num_args=2)
     async def get_user_filter(
-        self, user_localpart: str, filter_id: Union[int, str]
+        self, user_id: UserID, filter_id: Union[int, str]
     ) -> JsonDict:
         # filter_id is BIGINT UNSIGNED, so if it isn't a number, fail
         # with a coherent error message rather than 500 M_UNKNOWN.
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ class FilteringWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
         def_json = await self.db_pool.simple_select_one_onecol(
             table="user_filters",
-            keyvalues={"user_id": user_localpart, "filter_id": filter_id},
+            keyvalues={"full_user_id": user_id.to_string(), "filter_id": filter_id},
             retcol="filter_json",
             allow_none=False,
             desc="get_user_filter",
@@ -172,15 +172,15 @@ class FilteringWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         def _do_txn(txn: LoggingTransaction) -> int:
             sql = (
                 "SELECT filter_id FROM user_filters "
-                "WHERE user_id = ? AND filter_json = ?"
+                "WHERE full_user_id = ? AND filter_json = ?"
             )
-            txn.execute(sql, (user_id.localpart, bytearray(def_json)))
+            txn.execute(sql, (user_id.to_string(), bytearray(def_json)))
             filter_id_response = txn.fetchone()
             if filter_id_response is not None:
                 return filter_id_response[0]
 
-            sql = "SELECT MAX(filter_id) FROM user_filters WHERE user_id = ?"
-            txn.execute(sql, (user_id.localpart,))
+            sql = "SELECT MAX(filter_id) FROM user_filters WHERE full_user_id = ?"
+            txn.execute(sql, (user_id.to_string(),))
             max_id = cast(Tuple[Optional[int]], txn.fetchone())[0]
             if max_id is None:
                 filter_id = 0
diff --git a/synapse/storage/databases/main/profile.py b/synapse/storage/databases/main/profile.py
index 21d54c7a7a..3ba9cc8853 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/databases/main/profile.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/databases/main/profile.py
@@ -137,11 +137,11 @@ class ProfileWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
         return 50
 
-    async def get_profileinfo(self, user_localpart: str) -> ProfileInfo:
+    async def get_profileinfo(self, user_id: UserID) -> ProfileInfo:
         try:
             profile = await self.db_pool.simple_select_one(
                 table="profiles",
-                keyvalues={"user_id": user_localpart},
+                keyvalues={"full_user_id": user_id.to_string()},
                 retcols=("displayname", "avatar_url"),
                 desc="get_profileinfo",
             )
@@ -156,18 +156,18 @@ class ProfileWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             avatar_url=profile["avatar_url"], display_name=profile["displayname"]
         )
 
-    async def get_profile_displayname(self, user_localpart: str) -> Optional[str]:
+    async def get_profile_displayname(self, user_id: UserID) -> Optional[str]:
         return await self.db_pool.simple_select_one_onecol(
             table="profiles",
-            keyvalues={"user_id": user_localpart},
+            keyvalues={"full_user_id": user_id.to_string()},
             retcol="displayname",
             desc="get_profile_displayname",
         )
 
-    async def get_profile_avatar_url(self, user_localpart: str) -> Optional[str]:
+    async def get_profile_avatar_url(self, user_id: UserID) -> Optional[str]:
         return await self.db_pool.simple_select_one_onecol(
             table="profiles",
-            keyvalues={"user_id": user_localpart},
+            keyvalues={"full_user_id": user_id.to_string()},
             retcol="avatar_url",
             desc="get_profile_avatar_url",
         )
diff --git a/synapse/storage/databases/main/push_rule.py b/synapse/storage/databases/main/push_rule.py
index 9f862f00c1..e098ceea3c 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/databases/main/push_rule.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/databases/main/push_rule.py
@@ -88,7 +88,6 @@ def _load_rules(
         msc1767_enabled=experimental_config.msc1767_enabled,
         msc3664_enabled=experimental_config.msc3664_enabled,
         msc3381_polls_enabled=experimental_config.msc3381_polls_enabled,
-        msc3952_intentional_mentions=experimental_config.msc3952_intentional_mentions,
         msc3958_suppress_edits_enabled=experimental_config.msc3958_supress_edit_notifs,
     )
 
diff --git a/synapse/storage/databases/main/relations.py b/synapse/storage/databases/main/relations.py
index 4a6c6c724d..96908f14ba 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/databases/main/relations.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/databases/main/relations.py
@@ -365,6 +365,36 @@ class RelationsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             func=get_all_relation_ids_for_event_with_types_txn,
         )
 
+    async def get_all_relations_for_event(
+        self,
+        event_id: str,
+    ) -> List[str]:
+        """Get the event IDs of all events that have a relation to the given event.
+
+        Args:
+            event_id: The event for which to look for related events.
+
+        Returns:
+            A list of the IDs of the events that relate to the given event.
+        """
+
+        def get_all_relation_ids_for_event_txn(
+            txn: LoggingTransaction,
+        ) -> List[str]:
+            rows = self.db_pool.simple_select_list_txn(
+                txn=txn,
+                table="event_relations",
+                keyvalues={"relates_to_id": event_id},
+                retcols=["event_id"],
+            )
+
+            return [row["event_id"] for row in rows]
+
+        return await self.db_pool.runInteraction(
+            desc="get_all_relation_ids_for_event",
+            func=get_all_relation_ids_for_event_txn,
+        )
+
     async def event_includes_relation(self, event_id: str) -> bool:
         """Check if the given event relates to another event.
 
diff --git a/synapse/storage/databases/main/roommember.py b/synapse/storage/databases/main/roommember.py
index ae9c201b87..1b8ec67f54 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/databases/main/roommember.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/databases/main/roommember.py
@@ -927,11 +927,10 @@ class RoomMemberWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, CacheInvalidationWorkerStore):
             raise Exception("Invalid host name")
 
         sql = """
-            SELECT state_key FROM current_state_events AS c
-            INNER JOIN room_memberships AS m USING (event_id)
-            WHERE m.membership = ?
+            SELECT state_key FROM current_state_events
+            WHERE membership = ?
                 AND type = 'm.room.member'
-                AND c.room_id = ?
+                AND room_id = ?
                 AND state_key LIKE ?
             LIMIT 1
         """
diff --git a/synapse/storage/databases/main/user_directory.py b/synapse/storage/databases/main/user_directory.py
index a0319575f0..b0a06baf4f 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/databases/main/user_directory.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/databases/main/user_directory.py
@@ -1061,12 +1061,15 @@ class UserDirectoryStore(UserDirectoryBackgroundUpdateStore):
             # The array of numbers are the weights for the various part of the
             # search: (domain, _, display name, localpart)
             sql = """
+                WITH matching_users AS (
+                    SELECT user_id, vector FROM user_directory_search WHERE vector @@ to_tsquery('simple', ?)
+                    LIMIT 10000
+                )
                 SELECT d.user_id AS user_id, display_name, avatar_url
-                FROM user_directory_search as t
+                FROM matching_users as t
                 INNER JOIN user_directory AS d USING (user_id)
                 WHERE
                     %(where_clause)s
-                    AND vector @@ to_tsquery('simple', ?)
                 ORDER BY
                     (CASE WHEN d.user_id IS NOT NULL THEN 4.0 ELSE 1.0 END)
                     * (CASE WHEN display_name IS NOT NULL THEN 1.2 ELSE 1.0 END)
@@ -1095,8 +1098,9 @@ class UserDirectoryStore(UserDirectoryBackgroundUpdateStore):
                 "order_case_statements": " ".join(additional_ordering_statements),
             }
             args = (
-                join_args
-                + (full_query, exact_query, prefix_query)
+                (full_query,)
+                + join_args
+                + (exact_query, prefix_query)
                 + ordering_arguments
                 + (limit + 1,)
             )
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/__init__.py b/synapse/storage/schema/__init__.py
index 5cc786f030..fc190a8b13 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/schema/__init__.py
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
-SCHEMA_VERSION = 77  # remember to update the list below when updating
+SCHEMA_VERSION = 78  # remember to update the list below when updating
 """Represents the expectations made by the codebase about the database schema
 
 This should be incremented whenever the codebase changes its requirements on the
@@ -103,6 +103,9 @@ Changes in SCHEMA_VERSION = 76:
 
 Changes in SCHEMA_VERSION = 77
     - (Postgres) Add NOT VALID CHECK (full_user_id IS NOT NULL) to tables profiles and user_filters
+
+Changes in SCHEMA_VERSION = 78
+    - Validate check (full_user_id IS NOT NULL) on tables profiles and user_filters
 """
 
 
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/main/delta/78/01_validate_and_update_profiles.py b/synapse/storage/schema/main/delta/78/01_validate_and_update_profiles.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8398d8f548
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/schema/main/delta/78/01_validate_and_update_profiles.py
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+# Copyright 2023 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C
+#
+#  Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+#  you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+#  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+#  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+#  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+#  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+#  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+#  limitations under the License.
+
+from synapse.config.homeserver import HomeServerConfig
+from synapse.storage.database import LoggingTransaction
+from synapse.storage.engines import BaseDatabaseEngine, PostgresEngine
+
+
+def run_upgrade(
+    cur: LoggingTransaction,
+    database_engine: BaseDatabaseEngine,
+    config: HomeServerConfig,
+) -> None:
+    """
+    Part 3 of a multi-step migration to drop the column `user_id` and replace it with
+    `full_user_id`. See the database schema docs for more information on the full
+    migration steps.
+    """
+    hostname = config.server.server_name
+
+    if isinstance(database_engine, PostgresEngine):
+        # check if the constraint can be validated
+        check_sql = """
+        SELECT user_id from profiles WHERE full_user_id IS NULL
+        """
+        cur.execute(check_sql)
+        res = cur.fetchall()
+
+        if res:
+            # there are rows the background job missed, finish them here before we validate the constraint
+            process_rows_sql = """
+            UPDATE profiles
+            SET full_user_id = '@' || user_id || ?
+            WHERE user_id IN (
+                SELECT user_id FROM profiles WHERE full_user_id IS NULL
+            )
+            """
+            cur.execute(process_rows_sql, (f":{hostname}",))
+
+        # Now we can validate
+        validate_sql = """
+        ALTER TABLE profiles VALIDATE CONSTRAINT full_user_id_not_null
+        """
+        cur.execute(validate_sql)
+
+    else:
+        # in SQLite we need to rewrite the table to add the constraint.
+        # First drop any temporary table that might be here from a previous failed migration.
+        cur.execute("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS temp_profiles")
+
+        create_sql = """
+        CREATE TABLE temp_profiles (
+            full_user_id text NOT NULL,
+            user_id text,
+            displayname text,
+            avatar_url text,
+            UNIQUE (full_user_id),
+            UNIQUE (user_id)
+        )
+        """
+        cur.execute(create_sql)
+
+        copy_sql = """
+        INSERT INTO temp_profiles (
+            user_id,
+            displayname,
+            avatar_url,
+            full_user_id)
+            SELECT user_id, displayname, avatar_url, '@' || user_id || ':' || ? FROM profiles
+        """
+        cur.execute(copy_sql, (f"{hostname}",))
+
+        drop_sql = """
+        DROP TABLE profiles
+        """
+        cur.execute(drop_sql)
+
+        rename_sql = """
+        ALTER TABLE temp_profiles RENAME to profiles
+        """
+        cur.execute(rename_sql)
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/main/delta/78/02_validate_and_update_user_filters.py b/synapse/storage/schema/main/delta/78/02_validate_and_update_user_filters.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8ef63335e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/schema/main/delta/78/02_validate_and_update_user_filters.py
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+# Copyright 2023 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C
+#
+#  Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+#  you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+#  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+#  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+#  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+#  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+#  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+#  limitations under the License.
+
+from synapse.config.homeserver import HomeServerConfig
+from synapse.storage.database import LoggingTransaction
+from synapse.storage.engines import BaseDatabaseEngine, PostgresEngine
+
+
+def run_upgrade(
+    cur: LoggingTransaction,
+    database_engine: BaseDatabaseEngine,
+    config: HomeServerConfig,
+) -> None:
+    """
+    Part 3 of a multi-step migration to drop the column `user_id` and replace it with
+    `full_user_id`. See the database schema docs for more information on the full
+    migration steps.
+    """
+    hostname = config.server.server_name
+
+    if isinstance(database_engine, PostgresEngine):
+        # check if the constraint can be validated
+        check_sql = """
+        SELECT user_id from user_filters WHERE full_user_id IS NULL
+        """
+        cur.execute(check_sql)
+        res = cur.fetchall()
+
+        if res:
+            # there are rows the background job missed, finish them here before we validate constraint
+            process_rows_sql = """
+            UPDATE user_filters
+            SET full_user_id = '@' || user_id || ?
+            WHERE user_id IN (
+                SELECT user_id FROM user_filters WHERE full_user_id IS NULL
+            )
+            """
+            cur.execute(process_rows_sql, (f":{hostname}",))
+
+        # Now we can validate
+        validate_sql = """
+        ALTER TABLE user_filters VALIDATE CONSTRAINT full_user_id_not_null
+        """
+        cur.execute(validate_sql)
+
+    else:
+        cur.execute("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS temp_user_filters")
+        create_sql = """
+        CREATE TABLE temp_user_filters (
+            full_user_id text NOT NULL,
+            user_id text NOT NULL,
+            filter_id bigint NOT NULL,
+            filter_json bytea NOT NULL,
+            UNIQUE (full_user_id),
+            UNIQUE (user_id)
+        )
+        """
+        cur.execute(create_sql)
+
+        index_sql = """
+        CREATE UNIQUE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS user_filters_unique ON
+            temp_user_filters (user_id, filter_id)
+        """
+        cur.execute(index_sql)
+
+        copy_sql = """
+        INSERT INTO temp_user_filters (
+            user_id,
+            filter_id,
+            filter_json,
+            full_user_id)
+            SELECT user_id, filter_id, filter_json, '@' || user_id || ':' || ? FROM user_filters
+        """
+        cur.execute(copy_sql, (f"{hostname}",))
+
+        drop_sql = """
+        DROP TABLE user_filters
+        """
+        cur.execute(drop_sql)
+
+        rename_sql = """
+        ALTER TABLE temp_user_filters RENAME to user_filters
+        """
+        cur.execute(rename_sql)
diff --git a/synapse/types/__init__.py b/synapse/types/__init__.py
index 42baf8ac6b..dfc95e8ebb 100644
--- a/synapse/types/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/types/__init__.py
@@ -131,6 +131,7 @@ class Requester:
     user: "UserID"
     access_token_id: Optional[int]
     is_guest: bool
+    scope: Set[str]
     shadow_banned: bool
     device_id: Optional[str]
     app_service: Optional["ApplicationService"]
@@ -147,6 +148,7 @@ class Requester:
             "user_id": self.user.to_string(),
             "access_token_id": self.access_token_id,
             "is_guest": self.is_guest,
+            "scope": list(self.scope),
             "shadow_banned": self.shadow_banned,
             "device_id": self.device_id,
             "app_server_id": self.app_service.id if self.app_service else None,
@@ -175,6 +177,7 @@ class Requester:
             user=UserID.from_string(input["user_id"]),
             access_token_id=input["access_token_id"],
             is_guest=input["is_guest"],
+            scope=set(input["scope"]),
             shadow_banned=input["shadow_banned"],
             device_id=input["device_id"],
             app_service=appservice,
@@ -186,6 +189,7 @@ def create_requester(
     user_id: Union[str, "UserID"],
     access_token_id: Optional[int] = None,
     is_guest: bool = False,
+    scope: StrCollection = (),
     shadow_banned: bool = False,
     device_id: Optional[str] = None,
     app_service: Optional["ApplicationService"] = None,
@@ -199,6 +203,7 @@ def create_requester(
         access_token_id:  *ID* of the access token used for this
             request, or None if it came via the appservice API or similar
         is_guest:  True if the user making this request is a guest user
+        scope:  the scope of the access token used for this request, if any
         shadow_banned:  True if the user making this request is shadow-banned.
         device_id:  device_id which was set at authentication time
         app_service:  the AS requesting on behalf of the user
@@ -215,10 +220,13 @@ def create_requester(
     if authenticated_entity is None:
         authenticated_entity = user_id.to_string()
 
+    scope = set(scope)
+
     return Requester(
         user_id,
         access_token_id,
         is_guest,
+        scope,
         shadow_banned,
         device_id,
         app_service,
diff --git a/synapse/util/__init__.py b/synapse/util/__init__.py
index 9ddd26ccaa..7ea0c4c36b 100644
--- a/synapse/util/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/util/__init__.py
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ def unwrapFirstError(failure: Failure) -> Failure:
     # the subFailure's value, which will do a better job of preserving stacktraces.
     # (actually, you probably want to use yieldable_gather_results anyway)
     failure.trap(defer.FirstError)
-    return failure.value.subFailure  # type: ignore[union-attr]  # Issue in Twisted's annotations
+    return failure.value.subFailure
 
 
 P = ParamSpec("P")
@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ def log_failure(
     """
 
     logger.error(
-        msg, exc_info=(failure.type, failure.value, failure.getTracebackObject())  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+        msg, exc_info=(failure.type, failure.value, failure.getTracebackObject())
     )
 
     if not consumeErrors:
diff --git a/synapse/util/async_helpers.py b/synapse/util/async_helpers.py
index 01e3cd46f6..4041e49e71 100644
--- a/synapse/util/async_helpers.py
+++ b/synapse/util/async_helpers.py
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ class ObservableDeferred(Generic[_T], AbstractObservableDeferred[_T]):
             for observer in observers:
                 # This is a little bit of magic to correctly propagate stack
                 # traces when we `await` on one of the observer deferreds.
-                f.value.__failure__ = f  # type: ignore[union-attr]
+                f.value.__failure__ = f
                 try:
                     observer.errback(f)
                 except Exception as e:
diff --git a/synapse/util/caches/lrucache.py b/synapse/util/caches/lrucache.py
index 452d5d04c1..ed0da17227 100644
--- a/synapse/util/caches/lrucache.py
+++ b/synapse/util/caches/lrucache.py
@@ -93,10 +93,8 @@ VT = TypeVar("VT")
 # a general type var, distinct from either KT or VT
 T = TypeVar("T")
 
-P = TypeVar("P")
 
-
-class _TimedListNode(ListNode[P]):
+class _TimedListNode(ListNode[T]):
     """A `ListNode` that tracks last access time."""
 
     __slots__ = ["last_access_ts_secs"]
@@ -821,7 +819,7 @@ class AsyncLruCache(Generic[KT, VT]):
     utilize external cache systems that require await behaviour to be created.
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):  # type: ignore
+    def __init__(self, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any):
         self._lru_cache: LruCache[KT, VT] = LruCache(*args, **kwargs)
 
     async def get(
diff --git a/synapse/visibility.py b/synapse/visibility.py
index 468e22f8f6..fc71dc92a4 100644
--- a/synapse/visibility.py
+++ b/synapse/visibility.py
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ from synapse.types.state import StateFilter
 from synapse.util import Clock
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
-
+filtered_event_logger = logging.getLogger("synapse.visibility.filtered_event_debug")
 
 VISIBILITY_PRIORITY = (
     HistoryVisibility.WORLD_READABLE,
@@ -97,8 +97,8 @@ async def filter_events_for_client(
     events_before_filtering = events
     events = [e for e in events if not e.internal_metadata.is_soft_failed()]
     if len(events_before_filtering) != len(events):
-        if logger.isEnabledFor(logging.DEBUG):
-            logger.debug(
+        if filtered_event_logger.isEnabledFor(logging.DEBUG):
+            filtered_event_logger.debug(
                 "filter_events_for_client: Filtered out soft-failed events: Before=%s, After=%s",
                 [event.event_id for event in events_before_filtering],
                 [event.event_id for event in events],
@@ -319,7 +319,7 @@ def _check_client_allowed_to_see_event(
             _check_filter_send_to_client(event, clock, retention_policy, sender_ignored)
             == _CheckFilter.DENIED
         ):
-            logger.debug(
+            filtered_event_logger.debug(
                 "_check_client_allowed_to_see_event(event=%s): Filtered out event because `_check_filter_send_to_client` returned `_CheckFilter.DENIED`",
                 event.event_id,
             )
@@ -341,7 +341,7 @@ def _check_client_allowed_to_see_event(
             )
             return event
 
-        logger.debug(
+        filtered_event_logger.debug(
             "_check_client_allowed_to_see_event(event=%s): Filtered out event because it's an outlier",
             event.event_id,
         )
@@ -367,7 +367,7 @@ def _check_client_allowed_to_see_event(
 
     membership_result = _check_membership(user_id, event, visibility, state, is_peeking)
     if not membership_result.allowed:
-        logger.debug(
+        filtered_event_logger.debug(
             "_check_client_allowed_to_see_event(event=%s): Filtered out event because the user can't see the event because of their membership, membership_result.allowed=%s membership_result.joined=%s",
             event.event_id,
             membership_result.allowed,
@@ -378,7 +378,7 @@ def _check_client_allowed_to_see_event(
     # If the sender has been erased and the user was not joined at the time, we
     # must only return the redacted form.
     if sender_erased and not membership_result.joined:
-        logger.debug(
+        filtered_event_logger.debug(
             "_check_client_allowed_to_see_event(event=%s): Returning pruned event because `sender_erased` and the user was not joined at the time",
             event.event_id,
         )
diff --git a/tests/api/test_auth.py b/tests/api/test_auth.py
index 6e36e73f0d..cdb0048122 100644
--- a/tests/api/test_auth.py
+++ b/tests/api/test_auth.py
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ import pymacaroons
 
 from twisted.test.proto_helpers import MemoryReactor
 
-from synapse.api.auth import Auth
+from synapse.api.auth.internal import InternalAuth
 from synapse.api.auth_blocking import AuthBlocking
 from synapse.api.constants import UserTypes
 from synapse.api.errors import (
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ class AuthTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         # have been called by the HomeserverTestCase machinery.
         hs.datastores.main = self.store  # type: ignore[union-attr]
         hs.get_auth_handler().store = self.store
-        self.auth = Auth(hs)
+        self.auth = InternalAuth(hs)
 
         # AuthBlocking reads from the hs' config on initialization. We need to
         # modify its config instead of the hs'
@@ -426,6 +426,7 @@ class AuthTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
             access_token_id=None,
             device_id="FOOBAR",
             is_guest=False,
+            scope=set(),
             shadow_banned=False,
             app_service=appservice,
             authenticated_entity="@appservice:server",
@@ -456,6 +457,7 @@ class AuthTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
             access_token_id=None,
             device_id="FOOBAR",
             is_guest=False,
+            scope=set(),
             shadow_banned=False,
             app_service=appservice,
             authenticated_entity="@appservice:server",
diff --git a/tests/api/test_filtering.py b/tests/api/test_filtering.py
index aa6af5ad7b..868f0c6995 100644
--- a/tests/api/test_filtering.py
+++ b/tests/api/test_filtering.py
@@ -35,7 +35,6 @@ from tests.events.test_utils import MockEvent
 
 user_id = UserID.from_string("@test_user:test")
 user2_id = UserID.from_string("@test_user2:test")
-user_localpart = "test_user"
 
 
 class FilteringTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
@@ -449,9 +448,7 @@ class FilteringTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         ]
 
         user_filter = self.get_success(
-            self.filtering.get_user_filter(
-                user_localpart=user_localpart, filter_id=filter_id
-            )
+            self.filtering.get_user_filter(user_id=user_id, filter_id=filter_id)
         )
 
         results = self.get_success(user_filter.filter_presence(presence_states))
@@ -479,9 +476,7 @@ class FilteringTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         ]
 
         user_filter = self.get_success(
-            self.filtering.get_user_filter(
-                user_localpart=user_localpart + "2", filter_id=filter_id
-            )
+            self.filtering.get_user_filter(user_id=user2_id, filter_id=filter_id)
         )
 
         results = self.get_success(user_filter.filter_presence(presence_states))
@@ -498,9 +493,7 @@ class FilteringTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         events = [event]
 
         user_filter = self.get_success(
-            self.filtering.get_user_filter(
-                user_localpart=user_localpart, filter_id=filter_id
-            )
+            self.filtering.get_user_filter(user_id=user_id, filter_id=filter_id)
         )
 
         results = self.get_success(user_filter.filter_room_state(events=events))
@@ -519,9 +512,7 @@ class FilteringTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         events = [event]
 
         user_filter = self.get_success(
-            self.filtering.get_user_filter(
-                user_localpart=user_localpart, filter_id=filter_id
-            )
+            self.filtering.get_user_filter(user_id=user_id, filter_id=filter_id)
         )
 
         results = self.get_success(user_filter.filter_room_state(events))
@@ -603,9 +594,7 @@ class FilteringTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
             user_filter_json,
             (
                 self.get_success(
-                    self.datastore.get_user_filter(
-                        user_localpart=user_localpart, filter_id=0
-                    )
+                    self.datastore.get_user_filter(user_id=user_id, filter_id=0)
                 )
             ),
         )
@@ -620,9 +609,7 @@ class FilteringTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         )
 
         filter = self.get_success(
-            self.filtering.get_user_filter(
-                user_localpart=user_localpart, filter_id=filter_id
-            )
+            self.filtering.get_user_filter(user_id=user_id, filter_id=filter_id)
         )
 
         self.assertEqual(filter.get_filter_json(), user_filter_json)
diff --git a/tests/config/test_oauth_delegation.py b/tests/config/test_oauth_delegation.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f57c813a58
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/config/test_oauth_delegation.py
@@ -0,0 +1,257 @@
+# Copyright 2023 Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+from unittest.mock import Mock
+
+from synapse.config import ConfigError
+from synapse.config.homeserver import HomeServerConfig
+from synapse.module_api import ModuleApi
+from synapse.types import JsonDict
+
+from tests.server import get_clock, setup_test_homeserver
+from tests.unittest import TestCase, skip_unless
+from tests.utils import default_config
+
+try:
+    import authlib  # noqa: F401
+
+    HAS_AUTHLIB = True
+except ImportError:
+    HAS_AUTHLIB = False
+
+
+# These are a few constants that are used as config parameters in the tests.
+SERVER_NAME = "test"
+ISSUER = "https://issuer/"
+CLIENT_ID = "test-client-id"
+CLIENT_SECRET = "test-client-secret"
+BASE_URL = "https://synapse/"
+
+
+class CustomAuthModule:
+    """A module which registers a password auth provider."""
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def parse_config(config: JsonDict) -> None:
+        pass
+
+    def __init__(self, config: None, api: ModuleApi):
+        api.register_password_auth_provider_callbacks(
+            auth_checkers={("m.login.password", ("password",)): Mock()},
+        )
+
+
+@skip_unless(HAS_AUTHLIB, "requires authlib")
+class MSC3861OAuthDelegation(TestCase):
+    """Test that the Homeserver fails to initialize if the config is invalid."""
+
+    def setUp(self) -> None:
+        self.config_dict: JsonDict = {
+            **default_config("test"),
+            "public_baseurl": BASE_URL,
+            "enable_registration": False,
+            "experimental_features": {
+                "msc3861": {
+                    "enabled": True,
+                    "issuer": ISSUER,
+                    "client_id": CLIENT_ID,
+                    "client_auth_method": "client_secret_post",
+                    "client_secret": CLIENT_SECRET,
+                }
+            },
+        }
+
+    def parse_config(self) -> HomeServerConfig:
+        config = HomeServerConfig()
+        config.parse_config_dict(self.config_dict, "", "")
+        return config
+
+    def test_client_secret_post_works(self) -> None:
+        self.config_dict["experimental_features"]["msc3861"].update(
+            client_auth_method="client_secret_post",
+            client_secret=CLIENT_SECRET,
+        )
+
+        self.parse_config()
+
+    def test_client_secret_post_requires_client_secret(self) -> None:
+        self.config_dict["experimental_features"]["msc3861"].update(
+            client_auth_method="client_secret_post",
+            client_secret=None,
+        )
+
+        with self.assertRaises(ConfigError):
+            self.parse_config()
+
+    def test_client_secret_basic_works(self) -> None:
+        self.config_dict["experimental_features"]["msc3861"].update(
+            client_auth_method="client_secret_basic",
+            client_secret=CLIENT_SECRET,
+        )
+
+        self.parse_config()
+
+    def test_client_secret_basic_requires_client_secret(self) -> None:
+        self.config_dict["experimental_features"]["msc3861"].update(
+            client_auth_method="client_secret_basic",
+            client_secret=None,
+        )
+
+        with self.assertRaises(ConfigError):
+            self.parse_config()
+
+    def test_client_secret_jwt_works(self) -> None:
+        self.config_dict["experimental_features"]["msc3861"].update(
+            client_auth_method="client_secret_jwt",
+            client_secret=CLIENT_SECRET,
+        )
+
+        self.parse_config()
+
+    def test_client_secret_jwt_requires_client_secret(self) -> None:
+        self.config_dict["experimental_features"]["msc3861"].update(
+            client_auth_method="client_secret_jwt",
+            client_secret=None,
+        )
+
+        with self.assertRaises(ConfigError):
+            self.parse_config()
+
+    def test_invalid_client_auth_method(self) -> None:
+        self.config_dict["experimental_features"]["msc3861"].update(
+            client_auth_method="invalid",
+        )
+
+        with self.assertRaises(ConfigError):
+            self.parse_config()
+
+    def test_private_key_jwt_requires_jwk(self) -> None:
+        self.config_dict["experimental_features"]["msc3861"].update(
+            client_auth_method="private_key_jwt",
+        )
+
+        with self.assertRaises(ConfigError):
+            self.parse_config()
+
+    def test_private_key_jwt_works(self) -> None:
+        self.config_dict["experimental_features"]["msc3861"].update(
+            client_auth_method="private_key_jwt",
+            jwk={
+                "p": "-frVdP_tZ-J_nIR6HNMDq1N7aunwm51nAqNnhqIyuA8ikx7LlQED1tt2LD3YEvYyW8nxE2V95HlCRZXQPMiRJBFOsbmYkzl2t-MpavTaObB_fct_JqcRtdXddg4-_ihdjRDwUOreq_dpWh6MIKsC3UyekfkHmeEJg5YpOTL15j8",
+                "kty": "RSA",
+                "q": "oFw-Enr_YozQB1ab-kawn4jY3yHi8B1nSmYT0s8oTCflrmps5BFJfCkHL5ij3iY15z0o2m0N-jjB1oSJ98O4RayEEYNQlHnTNTl0kRIWzpoqblHUIxVcahIpP_xTovBJzwi8XXoLGqHOOMA-r40LSyVgP2Ut8D9qBwV6_UfT0LU",
+                "d": "WFkDPYo4b4LIS64D_QtQfGGuAObPvc3HFfp9VZXyq3SJR58XZRHE0jqtlEMNHhOTgbMYS3w8nxPQ_qVzY-5hs4fIanwvB64mAoOGl0qMHO65DTD_WsGFwzYClJPBVniavkLE2Hmpu8IGe6lGliN8vREC6_4t69liY-XcN_ECboVtC2behKkLOEASOIMuS7YcKAhTJFJwkl1dqDlliEn5A4u4xy7nuWQz3juB1OFdKlwGA5dfhDNglhoLIwNnkLsUPPFO-WB5ZNEW35xxHOToxj4bShvDuanVA6mJPtTKjz0XibjB36bj_nF_j7EtbE2PdGJ2KevAVgElR4lqS4ISgQ",
+                "e": "AQAB",
+                "kid": "test",
+                "qi": "cPfNk8l8W5exVNNea4d7QZZ8Qr8LgHghypYAxz8PQh1fNa8Ya1SNUDVzC2iHHhszxxA0vB9C7jGze8dBrvnzWYF1XvQcqNIVVgHhD57R1Nm3dj2NoHIKe0Cu4bCUtP8xnZQUN4KX7y4IIcgRcBWG1hT6DEYZ4BxqicnBXXNXAUI",
+                "dp": "dKlMHvslV1sMBQaKWpNb3gPq0B13TZhqr3-E2_8sPlvJ3fD8P4CmwwnOn50JDuhY3h9jY5L06sBwXjspYISVv8hX-ndMLkEeF3lrJeA5S70D8rgakfZcPIkffm3tlf1Ok3v5OzoxSv3-67Df4osMniyYwDUBCB5Oq1tTx77xpU8",
+                "dq": "S4ooU1xNYYcjl9FcuJEEMqKsRrAXzzSKq6laPTwIp5dDwt2vXeAm1a4eDHXC-6rUSZGt5PbqVqzV4s-cjnJMI8YYkIdjNg4NSE1Ac_YpeDl3M3Colb5CQlU7yUB7xY2bt0NOOFp9UJZYJrOo09mFMGjy5eorsbitoZEbVqS3SuE",
+                "n": "nJbYKqFwnURKimaviyDFrNLD3gaKR1JW343Qem25VeZxoMq1665RHVoO8n1oBm4ClZdjIiZiVdpyqzD5-Ow12YQgQEf1ZHP3CCcOQQhU57Rh5XvScTe5IxYVkEW32IW2mp_CJ6WfjYpfeL4azarVk8H3Vr59d1rSrKTVVinVdZer9YLQyC_rWAQNtHafPBMrf6RYiNGV9EiYn72wFIXlLlBYQ9Fx7bfe1PaL6qrQSsZP3_rSpuvVdLh1lqGeCLR0pyclA9uo5m2tMyCXuuGQLbA_QJm5xEc7zd-WFdux2eXF045oxnSZ_kgQt-pdN7AxGWOVvwoTf9am6mSkEdv6iw",
+            },
+        )
+        self.parse_config()
+
+    def test_registration_cannot_be_enabled(self) -> None:
+        self.config_dict["enable_registration"] = True
+        with self.assertRaises(ConfigError):
+            self.parse_config()
+
+    def test_password_config_cannot_be_enabled(self) -> None:
+        self.config_dict["password_config"] = {"enabled": True}
+        with self.assertRaises(ConfigError):
+            self.parse_config()
+
+    def test_oidc_sso_cannot_be_enabled(self) -> None:
+        self.config_dict["oidc_providers"] = [
+            {
+                "idp_id": "microsoft",
+                "idp_name": "Microsoft",
+                "issuer": "https://login.microsoftonline.com/<tenant id>/v2.0",
+                "client_id": "<client id>",
+                "client_secret": "<client secret>",
+                "scopes": ["openid", "profile"],
+                "authorization_endpoint": "https://login.microsoftonline.com/<tenant id>/oauth2/v2.0/authorize",
+                "token_endpoint": "https://login.microsoftonline.com/<tenant id>/oauth2/v2.0/token",
+                "userinfo_endpoint": "https://graph.microsoft.com/oidc/userinfo",
+            }
+        ]
+
+        with self.assertRaises(ConfigError):
+            self.parse_config()
+
+    def test_cas_sso_cannot_be_enabled(self) -> None:
+        self.config_dict["cas_config"] = {
+            "enabled": True,
+            "server_url": "https://cas-server.com",
+            "displayname_attribute": "name",
+            "required_attributes": {"userGroup": "staff", "department": "None"},
+        }
+
+        with self.assertRaises(ConfigError):
+            self.parse_config()
+
+    def test_auth_providers_cannot_be_enabled(self) -> None:
+        self.config_dict["modules"] = [
+            {
+                "module": f"{__name__}.{CustomAuthModule.__qualname__}",
+                "config": {},
+            }
+        ]
+
+        # This requires actually setting up an HS, as the module will be run on setup,
+        # which should raise as the module tries to register an auth provider
+        config = self.parse_config()
+        reactor, clock = get_clock()
+        with self.assertRaises(ConfigError):
+            setup_test_homeserver(
+                self.addCleanup, reactor=reactor, clock=clock, config=config
+            )
+
+    def test_jwt_auth_cannot_be_enabled(self) -> None:
+        self.config_dict["jwt_config"] = {
+            "enabled": True,
+            "secret": "my-secret-token",
+            "algorithm": "HS256",
+        }
+
+        with self.assertRaises(ConfigError):
+            self.parse_config()
+
+    def test_login_via_existing_session_cannot_be_enabled(self) -> None:
+        self.config_dict["login_via_existing_session"] = {"enabled": True}
+        with self.assertRaises(ConfigError):
+            self.parse_config()
+
+    def test_captcha_cannot_be_enabled(self) -> None:
+        self.config_dict.update(
+            enable_registration_captcha=True,
+            recaptcha_public_key="test",
+            recaptcha_private_key="test",
+        )
+        with self.assertRaises(ConfigError):
+            self.parse_config()
+
+    def test_refreshable_tokens_cannot_be_enabled(self) -> None:
+        self.config_dict.update(
+            refresh_token_lifetime="24h",
+            refreshable_access_token_lifetime="10m",
+            nonrefreshable_access_token_lifetime="24h",
+        )
+        with self.assertRaises(ConfigError):
+            self.parse_config()
+
+    def test_session_lifetime_cannot_be_set(self) -> None:
+        self.config_dict["session_lifetime"] = "24h"
+        with self.assertRaises(ConfigError):
+            self.parse_config()
diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_oauth_delegation.py b/tests/handlers/test_oauth_delegation.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6309d7b36e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_oauth_delegation.py
@@ -0,0 +1,664 @@
+# Copyright 2022 Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+from http import HTTPStatus
+from typing import Any, Dict, Union
+from unittest.mock import ANY, Mock
+from urllib.parse import parse_qs
+
+from signedjson.key import (
+    encode_verify_key_base64,
+    generate_signing_key,
+    get_verify_key,
+)
+from signedjson.sign import sign_json
+
+from twisted.test.proto_helpers import MemoryReactor
+
+from synapse.api.errors import (
+    AuthError,
+    Codes,
+    InvalidClientTokenError,
+    OAuthInsufficientScopeError,
+    SynapseError,
+)
+from synapse.rest import admin
+from synapse.rest.client import account, devices, keys, login, logout, register
+from synapse.server import HomeServer
+from synapse.types import JsonDict
+from synapse.util import Clock
+
+from tests.test_utils import FakeResponse, get_awaitable_result, simple_async_mock
+from tests.unittest import HomeserverTestCase, skip_unless
+from tests.utils import mock_getRawHeaders
+
+try:
+    import authlib  # noqa: F401
+
+    HAS_AUTHLIB = True
+except ImportError:
+    HAS_AUTHLIB = False
+
+
+# These are a few constants that are used as config parameters in the tests.
+SERVER_NAME = "test"
+ISSUER = "https://issuer/"
+CLIENT_ID = "test-client-id"
+CLIENT_SECRET = "test-client-secret"
+BASE_URL = "https://synapse/"
+SCOPES = ["openid"]
+
+AUTHORIZATION_ENDPOINT = ISSUER + "authorize"
+TOKEN_ENDPOINT = ISSUER + "token"
+USERINFO_ENDPOINT = ISSUER + "userinfo"
+WELL_KNOWN = ISSUER + ".well-known/openid-configuration"
+JWKS_URI = ISSUER + ".well-known/jwks.json"
+INTROSPECTION_ENDPOINT = ISSUER + "introspect"
+
+SYNAPSE_ADMIN_SCOPE = "urn:synapse:admin:*"
+MATRIX_USER_SCOPE = "urn:matrix:org.matrix.msc2967.client:api:*"
+MATRIX_GUEST_SCOPE = "urn:matrix:org.matrix.msc2967.client:api:guest"
+MATRIX_DEVICE_SCOPE_PREFIX = "urn:matrix:org.matrix.msc2967.client:device:"
+DEVICE = "AABBCCDD"
+MATRIX_DEVICE_SCOPE = MATRIX_DEVICE_SCOPE_PREFIX + DEVICE
+SUBJECT = "abc-def-ghi"
+USERNAME = "test-user"
+USER_ID = "@" + USERNAME + ":" + SERVER_NAME
+
+
+async def get_json(url: str) -> JsonDict:
+    # Mock get_json calls to handle jwks & oidc discovery endpoints
+    if url == WELL_KNOWN:
+        # Minimal discovery document, as defined in OpenID.Discovery
+        # https://openid.net/specs/openid-connect-discovery-1_0.html#ProviderMetadata
+        return {
+            "issuer": ISSUER,
+            "authorization_endpoint": AUTHORIZATION_ENDPOINT,
+            "token_endpoint": TOKEN_ENDPOINT,
+            "jwks_uri": JWKS_URI,
+            "userinfo_endpoint": USERINFO_ENDPOINT,
+            "introspection_endpoint": INTROSPECTION_ENDPOINT,
+            "response_types_supported": ["code"],
+            "subject_types_supported": ["public"],
+            "id_token_signing_alg_values_supported": ["RS256"],
+        }
+    elif url == JWKS_URI:
+        return {"keys": []}
+
+    return {}
+
+
+@skip_unless(HAS_AUTHLIB, "requires authlib")
+class MSC3861OAuthDelegation(HomeserverTestCase):
+    servlets = [
+        account.register_servlets,
+        devices.register_servlets,
+        keys.register_servlets,
+        register.register_servlets,
+        login.register_servlets,
+        logout.register_servlets,
+        admin.register_servlets,
+    ]
+
+    def default_config(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        config = super().default_config()
+        config["public_baseurl"] = BASE_URL
+        config["disable_registration"] = True
+        config["experimental_features"] = {
+            "msc3861": {
+                "enabled": True,
+                "issuer": ISSUER,
+                "client_id": CLIENT_ID,
+                "client_auth_method": "client_secret_post",
+                "client_secret": CLIENT_SECRET,
+            }
+        }
+        return config
+
+    def make_homeserver(self, reactor: MemoryReactor, clock: Clock) -> HomeServer:
+        self.http_client = Mock(spec=["get_json"])
+        self.http_client.get_json.side_effect = get_json
+        self.http_client.user_agent = b"Synapse Test"
+
+        hs = self.setup_test_homeserver(proxied_http_client=self.http_client)
+
+        self.auth = hs.get_auth()
+
+        return hs
+
+    def _assertParams(self) -> None:
+        """Assert that the request parameters are correct."""
+        params = parse_qs(self.http_client.request.call_args[1]["data"].decode("utf-8"))
+        self.assertEqual(params["token"], ["mockAccessToken"])
+        self.assertEqual(params["client_id"], [CLIENT_ID])
+        self.assertEqual(params["client_secret"], [CLIENT_SECRET])
+
+    def test_inactive_token(self) -> None:
+        """The handler should return a 403 where the token is inactive."""
+
+        self.http_client.request = simple_async_mock(
+            return_value=FakeResponse.json(
+                code=200,
+                payload={"active": False},
+            )
+        )
+        request = Mock(args={})
+        request.args[b"access_token"] = [b"mockAccessToken"]
+        request.requestHeaders.getRawHeaders = mock_getRawHeaders()
+        self.get_failure(self.auth.get_user_by_req(request), InvalidClientTokenError)
+        self.http_client.get_json.assert_called_once_with(WELL_KNOWN)
+        self.http_client.request.assert_called_once_with(
+            method="POST", uri=INTROSPECTION_ENDPOINT, data=ANY, headers=ANY
+        )
+        self._assertParams()
+
+    def test_active_no_scope(self) -> None:
+        """The handler should return a 403 where no scope is given."""
+
+        self.http_client.request = simple_async_mock(
+            return_value=FakeResponse.json(
+                code=200,
+                payload={"active": True},
+            )
+        )
+        request = Mock(args={})
+        request.args[b"access_token"] = [b"mockAccessToken"]
+        request.requestHeaders.getRawHeaders = mock_getRawHeaders()
+        self.get_failure(self.auth.get_user_by_req(request), InvalidClientTokenError)
+        self.http_client.get_json.assert_called_once_with(WELL_KNOWN)
+        self.http_client.request.assert_called_once_with(
+            method="POST", uri=INTROSPECTION_ENDPOINT, data=ANY, headers=ANY
+        )
+        self._assertParams()
+
+    def test_active_user_no_subject(self) -> None:
+        """The handler should return a 500 when no subject is present."""
+
+        self.http_client.request = simple_async_mock(
+            return_value=FakeResponse.json(
+                code=200,
+                payload={"active": True, "scope": " ".join([MATRIX_USER_SCOPE])},
+            )
+        )
+        request = Mock(args={})
+        request.args[b"access_token"] = [b"mockAccessToken"]
+        request.requestHeaders.getRawHeaders = mock_getRawHeaders()
+        self.get_failure(self.auth.get_user_by_req(request), InvalidClientTokenError)
+        self.http_client.get_json.assert_called_once_with(WELL_KNOWN)
+        self.http_client.request.assert_called_once_with(
+            method="POST", uri=INTROSPECTION_ENDPOINT, data=ANY, headers=ANY
+        )
+        self._assertParams()
+
+    def test_active_no_user_scope(self) -> None:
+        """The handler should return a 500 when no subject is present."""
+
+        self.http_client.request = simple_async_mock(
+            return_value=FakeResponse.json(
+                code=200,
+                payload={
+                    "active": True,
+                    "sub": SUBJECT,
+                    "scope": " ".join([MATRIX_DEVICE_SCOPE]),
+                },
+            )
+        )
+        request = Mock(args={})
+        request.args[b"access_token"] = [b"mockAccessToken"]
+        request.requestHeaders.getRawHeaders = mock_getRawHeaders()
+        self.get_failure(self.auth.get_user_by_req(request), InvalidClientTokenError)
+        self.http_client.get_json.assert_called_once_with(WELL_KNOWN)
+        self.http_client.request.assert_called_once_with(
+            method="POST", uri=INTROSPECTION_ENDPOINT, data=ANY, headers=ANY
+        )
+        self._assertParams()
+
+    def test_active_admin_not_user(self) -> None:
+        """The handler should raise when the scope has admin right but not user."""
+
+        self.http_client.request = simple_async_mock(
+            return_value=FakeResponse.json(
+                code=200,
+                payload={
+                    "active": True,
+                    "sub": SUBJECT,
+                    "scope": " ".join([SYNAPSE_ADMIN_SCOPE]),
+                    "username": USERNAME,
+                },
+            )
+        )
+        request = Mock(args={})
+        request.args[b"access_token"] = [b"mockAccessToken"]
+        request.requestHeaders.getRawHeaders = mock_getRawHeaders()
+        self.get_failure(self.auth.get_user_by_req(request), InvalidClientTokenError)
+        self.http_client.get_json.assert_called_once_with(WELL_KNOWN)
+        self.http_client.request.assert_called_once_with(
+            method="POST", uri=INTROSPECTION_ENDPOINT, data=ANY, headers=ANY
+        )
+        self._assertParams()
+
+    def test_active_admin(self) -> None:
+        """The handler should return a requester with admin rights."""
+
+        self.http_client.request = simple_async_mock(
+            return_value=FakeResponse.json(
+                code=200,
+                payload={
+                    "active": True,
+                    "sub": SUBJECT,
+                    "scope": " ".join([SYNAPSE_ADMIN_SCOPE, MATRIX_USER_SCOPE]),
+                    "username": USERNAME,
+                },
+            )
+        )
+        request = Mock(args={})
+        request.args[b"access_token"] = [b"mockAccessToken"]
+        request.requestHeaders.getRawHeaders = mock_getRawHeaders()
+        requester = self.get_success(self.auth.get_user_by_req(request))
+        self.http_client.get_json.assert_called_once_with(WELL_KNOWN)
+        self.http_client.request.assert_called_once_with(
+            method="POST", uri=INTROSPECTION_ENDPOINT, data=ANY, headers=ANY
+        )
+        self._assertParams()
+        self.assertEqual(requester.user.to_string(), "@%s:%s" % (USERNAME, SERVER_NAME))
+        self.assertEqual(requester.is_guest, False)
+        self.assertEqual(requester.device_id, None)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            get_awaitable_result(self.auth.is_server_admin(requester)), True
+        )
+
+    def test_active_admin_highest_privilege(self) -> None:
+        """The handler should resolve to the most permissive scope."""
+
+        self.http_client.request = simple_async_mock(
+            return_value=FakeResponse.json(
+                code=200,
+                payload={
+                    "active": True,
+                    "sub": SUBJECT,
+                    "scope": " ".join(
+                        [SYNAPSE_ADMIN_SCOPE, MATRIX_USER_SCOPE, MATRIX_GUEST_SCOPE]
+                    ),
+                    "username": USERNAME,
+                },
+            )
+        )
+        request = Mock(args={})
+        request.args[b"access_token"] = [b"mockAccessToken"]
+        request.requestHeaders.getRawHeaders = mock_getRawHeaders()
+        requester = self.get_success(self.auth.get_user_by_req(request))
+        self.http_client.get_json.assert_called_once_with(WELL_KNOWN)
+        self.http_client.request.assert_called_once_with(
+            method="POST", uri=INTROSPECTION_ENDPOINT, data=ANY, headers=ANY
+        )
+        self._assertParams()
+        self.assertEqual(requester.user.to_string(), "@%s:%s" % (USERNAME, SERVER_NAME))
+        self.assertEqual(requester.is_guest, False)
+        self.assertEqual(requester.device_id, None)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            get_awaitable_result(self.auth.is_server_admin(requester)), True
+        )
+
+    def test_active_user(self) -> None:
+        """The handler should return a requester with normal user rights."""
+
+        self.http_client.request = simple_async_mock(
+            return_value=FakeResponse.json(
+                code=200,
+                payload={
+                    "active": True,
+                    "sub": SUBJECT,
+                    "scope": " ".join([MATRIX_USER_SCOPE]),
+                    "username": USERNAME,
+                },
+            )
+        )
+        request = Mock(args={})
+        request.args[b"access_token"] = [b"mockAccessToken"]
+        request.requestHeaders.getRawHeaders = mock_getRawHeaders()
+        requester = self.get_success(self.auth.get_user_by_req(request))
+        self.http_client.get_json.assert_called_once_with(WELL_KNOWN)
+        self.http_client.request.assert_called_once_with(
+            method="POST", uri=INTROSPECTION_ENDPOINT, data=ANY, headers=ANY
+        )
+        self._assertParams()
+        self.assertEqual(requester.user.to_string(), "@%s:%s" % (USERNAME, SERVER_NAME))
+        self.assertEqual(requester.is_guest, False)
+        self.assertEqual(requester.device_id, None)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            get_awaitable_result(self.auth.is_server_admin(requester)), False
+        )
+
+    def test_active_user_with_device(self) -> None:
+        """The handler should return a requester with normal user rights and a device ID."""
+
+        self.http_client.request = simple_async_mock(
+            return_value=FakeResponse.json(
+                code=200,
+                payload={
+                    "active": True,
+                    "sub": SUBJECT,
+                    "scope": " ".join([MATRIX_USER_SCOPE, MATRIX_DEVICE_SCOPE]),
+                    "username": USERNAME,
+                },
+            )
+        )
+        request = Mock(args={})
+        request.args[b"access_token"] = [b"mockAccessToken"]
+        request.requestHeaders.getRawHeaders = mock_getRawHeaders()
+        requester = self.get_success(self.auth.get_user_by_req(request))
+        self.http_client.get_json.assert_called_once_with(WELL_KNOWN)
+        self.http_client.request.assert_called_once_with(
+            method="POST", uri=INTROSPECTION_ENDPOINT, data=ANY, headers=ANY
+        )
+        self._assertParams()
+        self.assertEqual(requester.user.to_string(), "@%s:%s" % (USERNAME, SERVER_NAME))
+        self.assertEqual(requester.is_guest, False)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            get_awaitable_result(self.auth.is_server_admin(requester)), False
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(requester.device_id, DEVICE)
+
+    def test_multiple_devices(self) -> None:
+        """The handler should raise an error if multiple devices are found in the scope."""
+
+        self.http_client.request = simple_async_mock(
+            return_value=FakeResponse.json(
+                code=200,
+                payload={
+                    "active": True,
+                    "sub": SUBJECT,
+                    "scope": " ".join(
+                        [
+                            MATRIX_USER_SCOPE,
+                            f"{MATRIX_DEVICE_SCOPE_PREFIX}AABBCC",
+                            f"{MATRIX_DEVICE_SCOPE_PREFIX}DDEEFF",
+                        ]
+                    ),
+                    "username": USERNAME,
+                },
+            )
+        )
+        request = Mock(args={})
+        request.args[b"access_token"] = [b"mockAccessToken"]
+        request.requestHeaders.getRawHeaders = mock_getRawHeaders()
+        self.get_failure(self.auth.get_user_by_req(request), AuthError)
+
+    def test_active_guest_not_allowed(self) -> None:
+        """The handler should return an insufficient scope error."""
+
+        self.http_client.request = simple_async_mock(
+            return_value=FakeResponse.json(
+                code=200,
+                payload={
+                    "active": True,
+                    "sub": SUBJECT,
+                    "scope": " ".join([MATRIX_GUEST_SCOPE, MATRIX_DEVICE_SCOPE]),
+                    "username": USERNAME,
+                },
+            )
+        )
+        request = Mock(args={})
+        request.args[b"access_token"] = [b"mockAccessToken"]
+        request.requestHeaders.getRawHeaders = mock_getRawHeaders()
+        error = self.get_failure(
+            self.auth.get_user_by_req(request), OAuthInsufficientScopeError
+        )
+        self.http_client.get_json.assert_called_once_with(WELL_KNOWN)
+        self.http_client.request.assert_called_once_with(
+            method="POST", uri=INTROSPECTION_ENDPOINT, data=ANY, headers=ANY
+        )
+        self._assertParams()
+        self.assertEqual(
+            getattr(error.value, "headers", {})["WWW-Authenticate"],
+            'Bearer error="insufficient_scope", scope="urn:matrix:org.matrix.msc2967.client:api:*"',
+        )
+
+    def test_active_guest_allowed(self) -> None:
+        """The handler should return a requester with guest user rights and a device ID."""
+
+        self.http_client.request = simple_async_mock(
+            return_value=FakeResponse.json(
+                code=200,
+                payload={
+                    "active": True,
+                    "sub": SUBJECT,
+                    "scope": " ".join([MATRIX_GUEST_SCOPE, MATRIX_DEVICE_SCOPE]),
+                    "username": USERNAME,
+                },
+            )
+        )
+        request = Mock(args={})
+        request.args[b"access_token"] = [b"mockAccessToken"]
+        request.requestHeaders.getRawHeaders = mock_getRawHeaders()
+        requester = self.get_success(
+            self.auth.get_user_by_req(request, allow_guest=True)
+        )
+        self.http_client.get_json.assert_called_once_with(WELL_KNOWN)
+        self.http_client.request.assert_called_once_with(
+            method="POST", uri=INTROSPECTION_ENDPOINT, data=ANY, headers=ANY
+        )
+        self._assertParams()
+        self.assertEqual(requester.user.to_string(), "@%s:%s" % (USERNAME, SERVER_NAME))
+        self.assertEqual(requester.is_guest, True)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            get_awaitable_result(self.auth.is_server_admin(requester)), False
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(requester.device_id, DEVICE)
+
+    def test_unavailable_introspection_endpoint(self) -> None:
+        """The handler should return an internal server error."""
+        request = Mock(args={})
+        request.args[b"access_token"] = [b"mockAccessToken"]
+        request.requestHeaders.getRawHeaders = mock_getRawHeaders()
+
+        # The introspection endpoint is returning an error.
+        self.http_client.request = simple_async_mock(
+            return_value=FakeResponse(code=500, body=b"Internal Server Error")
+        )
+        error = self.get_failure(self.auth.get_user_by_req(request), SynapseError)
+        self.assertEqual(error.value.code, 503)
+
+        # The introspection endpoint request fails.
+        self.http_client.request = simple_async_mock(raises=Exception())
+        error = self.get_failure(self.auth.get_user_by_req(request), SynapseError)
+        self.assertEqual(error.value.code, 503)
+
+        # The introspection endpoint does not return a JSON object.
+        self.http_client.request = simple_async_mock(
+            return_value=FakeResponse.json(
+                code=200, payload=["this is an array", "not an object"]
+            )
+        )
+        error = self.get_failure(self.auth.get_user_by_req(request), SynapseError)
+        self.assertEqual(error.value.code, 503)
+
+        # The introspection endpoint does not return valid JSON.
+        self.http_client.request = simple_async_mock(
+            return_value=FakeResponse(code=200, body=b"this is not valid JSON")
+        )
+        error = self.get_failure(self.auth.get_user_by_req(request), SynapseError)
+        self.assertEqual(error.value.code, 503)
+
+    def make_device_keys(self, user_id: str, device_id: str) -> JsonDict:
+        # We only generate a master key to simplify the test.
+        master_signing_key = generate_signing_key(device_id)
+        master_verify_key = encode_verify_key_base64(get_verify_key(master_signing_key))
+
+        return {
+            "master_key": sign_json(
+                {
+                    "user_id": user_id,
+                    "usage": ["master"],
+                    "keys": {"ed25519:" + master_verify_key: master_verify_key},
+                },
+                user_id,
+                master_signing_key,
+            ),
+        }
+
+    def test_cross_signing(self) -> None:
+        """Try uploading device keys with OAuth delegation enabled."""
+
+        self.http_client.request = simple_async_mock(
+            return_value=FakeResponse.json(
+                code=200,
+                payload={
+                    "active": True,
+                    "sub": SUBJECT,
+                    "scope": " ".join([MATRIX_USER_SCOPE, MATRIX_DEVICE_SCOPE]),
+                    "username": USERNAME,
+                },
+            )
+        )
+        keys_upload_body = self.make_device_keys(USER_ID, DEVICE)
+        channel = self.make_request(
+            "POST",
+            "/_matrix/client/v3/keys/device_signing/upload",
+            keys_upload_body,
+            access_token="mockAccessToken",
+        )
+
+        self.assertEqual(channel.code, 200, channel.json_body)
+
+        channel = self.make_request(
+            "POST",
+            "/_matrix/client/v3/keys/device_signing/upload",
+            keys_upload_body,
+            access_token="mockAccessToken",
+        )
+
+        self.assertEqual(channel.code, HTTPStatus.NOT_IMPLEMENTED, channel.json_body)
+
+    def expect_unauthorized(
+        self, method: str, path: str, content: Union[bytes, str, JsonDict] = ""
+    ) -> None:
+        channel = self.make_request(method, path, content, shorthand=False)
+
+        self.assertEqual(channel.code, 401, channel.json_body)
+
+    def expect_unrecognized(
+        self, method: str, path: str, content: Union[bytes, str, JsonDict] = ""
+    ) -> None:
+        channel = self.make_request(method, path, content)
+
+        self.assertEqual(channel.code, 404, channel.json_body)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            channel.json_body["errcode"], Codes.UNRECOGNIZED, channel.json_body
+        )
+
+    def test_uia_endpoints(self) -> None:
+        """Test that endpoints that were removed in MSC2964 are no longer available."""
+
+        # This is just an endpoint that should remain visible (but requires auth):
+        self.expect_unauthorized("GET", "/_matrix/client/v3/devices")
+
+        # This remains usable, but will require a uia scope:
+        self.expect_unauthorized(
+            "POST", "/_matrix/client/v3/keys/device_signing/upload"
+        )
+
+    def test_3pid_endpoints(self) -> None:
+        """Test that 3pid account management endpoints that were removed in MSC2964 are no longer available."""
+
+        # Remains and requires auth:
+        self.expect_unauthorized("GET", "/_matrix/client/v3/account/3pid")
+        self.expect_unauthorized(
+            "POST",
+            "/_matrix/client/v3/account/3pid/bind",
+            {
+                "client_secret": "foo",
+                "id_access_token": "bar",
+                "id_server": "foo",
+                "sid": "bar",
+            },
+        )
+        self.expect_unauthorized("POST", "/_matrix/client/v3/account/3pid/unbind", {})
+
+        # These are gone:
+        self.expect_unrecognized(
+            "POST", "/_matrix/client/v3/account/3pid"
+        )  # deprecated
+        self.expect_unrecognized("POST", "/_matrix/client/v3/account/3pid/add")
+        self.expect_unrecognized("POST", "/_matrix/client/v3/account/3pid/delete")
+        self.expect_unrecognized(
+            "POST", "/_matrix/client/v3/account/3pid/email/requestToken"
+        )
+        self.expect_unrecognized(
+            "POST", "/_matrix/client/v3/account/3pid/msisdn/requestToken"
+        )
+
+    def test_account_management_endpoints_removed(self) -> None:
+        """Test that account management endpoints that were removed in MSC2964 are no longer available."""
+        self.expect_unrecognized("POST", "/_matrix/client/v3/account/deactivate")
+        self.expect_unrecognized("POST", "/_matrix/client/v3/account/password")
+        self.expect_unrecognized(
+            "POST", "/_matrix/client/v3/account/password/email/requestToken"
+        )
+        self.expect_unrecognized(
+            "POST", "/_matrix/client/v3/account/password/msisdn/requestToken"
+        )
+
+    def test_registration_endpoints_removed(self) -> None:
+        """Test that registration endpoints that were removed in MSC2964 are no longer available."""
+        self.expect_unrecognized(
+            "GET", "/_matrix/client/v1/register/m.login.registration_token/validity"
+        )
+        # This is still available for AS registrations
+        # self.expect_unrecognized("POST", "/_matrix/client/v3/register")
+        self.expect_unrecognized("GET", "/_matrix/client/v3/register/available")
+        self.expect_unrecognized(
+            "POST", "/_matrix/client/v3/register/email/requestToken"
+        )
+        self.expect_unrecognized(
+            "POST", "/_matrix/client/v3/register/msisdn/requestToken"
+        )
+
+    def test_session_management_endpoints_removed(self) -> None:
+        """Test that session management endpoints that were removed in MSC2964 are no longer available."""
+        self.expect_unrecognized("GET", "/_matrix/client/v3/login")
+        self.expect_unrecognized("POST", "/_matrix/client/v3/login")
+        self.expect_unrecognized("GET", "/_matrix/client/v3/login/sso/redirect")
+        self.expect_unrecognized("POST", "/_matrix/client/v3/logout")
+        self.expect_unrecognized("POST", "/_matrix/client/v3/logout/all")
+        self.expect_unrecognized("POST", "/_matrix/client/v3/refresh")
+        self.expect_unrecognized("GET", "/_matrix/static/client/login")
+
+    def test_device_management_endpoints_removed(self) -> None:
+        """Test that device management endpoints that were removed in MSC2964 are no longer available."""
+        self.expect_unrecognized("POST", "/_matrix/client/v3/delete_devices")
+        self.expect_unrecognized("DELETE", "/_matrix/client/v3/devices/{DEVICE}")
+
+    def test_openid_endpoints_removed(self) -> None:
+        """Test that OpenID id_token endpoints that were removed in MSC2964 are no longer available."""
+        self.expect_unrecognized(
+            "POST", "/_matrix/client/v3/user/{USERNAME}/openid/request_token"
+        )
+
+    def test_admin_api_endpoints_removed(self) -> None:
+        """Test that admin API endpoints that were removed in MSC2964 are no longer available."""
+        self.expect_unrecognized("GET", "/_synapse/admin/v1/registration_tokens")
+        self.expect_unrecognized("POST", "/_synapse/admin/v1/registration_tokens/new")
+        self.expect_unrecognized("GET", "/_synapse/admin/v1/registration_tokens/abcd")
+        self.expect_unrecognized("PUT", "/_synapse/admin/v1/registration_tokens/abcd")
+        self.expect_unrecognized(
+            "DELETE", "/_synapse/admin/v1/registration_tokens/abcd"
+        )
+        self.expect_unrecognized("POST", "/_synapse/admin/v1/reset_password/foo")
+        self.expect_unrecognized("POST", "/_synapse/admin/v1/users/foo/login")
+        self.expect_unrecognized("GET", "/_synapse/admin/v1/register")
+        self.expect_unrecognized("POST", "/_synapse/admin/v1/register")
+        self.expect_unrecognized("GET", "/_synapse/admin/v1/users/foo/admin")
+        self.expect_unrecognized("PUT", "/_synapse/admin/v1/users/foo/admin")
+        self.expect_unrecognized("POST", "/_synapse/admin/v1/account_validity/validity")
diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_profile.py b/tests/handlers/test_profile.py
index 64a9a22afe..196ceb0b82 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_profile.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_profile.py
@@ -80,11 +80,7 @@ class ProfileTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         )
 
         self.assertEqual(
-            (
-                self.get_success(
-                    self.store.get_profile_displayname(self.frank.localpart)
-                )
-            ),
+            (self.get_success(self.store.get_profile_displayname(self.frank))),
             "Frank Jr.",
         )
 
@@ -96,11 +92,7 @@ class ProfileTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         )
 
         self.assertEqual(
-            (
-                self.get_success(
-                    self.store.get_profile_displayname(self.frank.localpart)
-                )
-            ),
+            (self.get_success(self.store.get_profile_displayname(self.frank))),
             "Frank",
         )
 
@@ -112,7 +104,7 @@ class ProfileTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         )
 
         self.assertIsNone(
-            self.get_success(self.store.get_profile_displayname(self.frank.localpart))
+            self.get_success(self.store.get_profile_displayname(self.frank))
         )
 
     def test_set_my_name_if_disabled(self) -> None:
@@ -122,11 +114,7 @@ class ProfileTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         self.get_success(self.store.set_profile_displayname(self.frank, "Frank"))
 
         self.assertEqual(
-            (
-                self.get_success(
-                    self.store.get_profile_displayname(self.frank.localpart)
-                )
-            ),
+            (self.get_success(self.store.get_profile_displayname(self.frank))),
             "Frank",
         )
 
@@ -201,7 +189,7 @@ class ProfileTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         )
 
         self.assertEqual(
-            (self.get_success(self.store.get_profile_avatar_url(self.frank.localpart))),
+            (self.get_success(self.store.get_profile_avatar_url(self.frank))),
             "http://my.server/pic.gif",
         )
 
@@ -215,7 +203,7 @@ class ProfileTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         )
 
         self.assertEqual(
-            (self.get_success(self.store.get_profile_avatar_url(self.frank.localpart))),
+            (self.get_success(self.store.get_profile_avatar_url(self.frank))),
             "http://my.server/me.png",
         )
 
@@ -229,7 +217,7 @@ class ProfileTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         )
 
         self.assertIsNone(
-            (self.get_success(self.store.get_profile_avatar_url(self.frank.localpart))),
+            (self.get_success(self.store.get_profile_avatar_url(self.frank))),
         )
 
     def test_set_my_avatar_if_disabled(self) -> None:
@@ -241,7 +229,7 @@ class ProfileTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         )
 
         self.assertEqual(
-            (self.get_success(self.store.get_profile_avatar_url(self.frank.localpart))),
+            (self.get_success(self.store.get_profile_avatar_url(self.frank))),
             "http://my.server/me.png",
         )
 
diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_register.py b/tests/handlers/test_register.py
index 73822b07a5..8d8584609b 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_register.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_register.py
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ from unittest.mock import Mock
 
 from twisted.test.proto_helpers import MemoryReactor
 
-from synapse.api.auth import Auth
+from synapse.api.auth.internal import InternalAuth
 from synapse.api.constants import UserTypes
 from synapse.api.errors import (
     CodeMessageException,
@@ -683,7 +683,7 @@ class RegistrationTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         request = Mock(args={})
         request.args[b"access_token"] = [token.encode("ascii")]
         request.requestHeaders.getRawHeaders = mock_getRawHeaders()
-        auth = Auth(self.hs)
+        auth = InternalAuth(self.hs)
         requester = self.get_success(auth.get_user_by_req(request))
 
         self.assertTrue(requester.shadow_banned)
diff --git a/tests/logging/test_opentracing.py b/tests/logging/test_opentracing.py
index e28ba84cc2..1bc7d64ad9 100644
--- a/tests/logging/test_opentracing.py
+++ b/tests/logging/test_opentracing.py
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
-from typing import cast
+from typing import Awaitable, cast
 
 from twisted.internet import defer
 from twisted.test.proto_helpers import MemoryReactorClock
@@ -227,8 +227,6 @@ class LogContextScopeManagerTestCase(TestCase):
         Test whether we can use `@trace_with_opname` (`@trace`) and `@tag_args`
         with functions that return deferreds
         """
-        reactor = MemoryReactorClock()
-
         with LoggingContext("root context"):
 
             @trace_with_opname("fixture_deferred_func", tracer=self._tracer)
@@ -240,9 +238,6 @@ class LogContextScopeManagerTestCase(TestCase):
 
             result_d1 = fixture_deferred_func()
 
-            # let the tasks complete
-            reactor.pump((2,) * 8)
-
             self.assertEqual(self.successResultOf(result_d1), "foo")
 
         # the span should have been reported
@@ -256,8 +251,6 @@ class LogContextScopeManagerTestCase(TestCase):
         Test whether we can use `@trace_with_opname` (`@trace`) and `@tag_args`
         with async functions
         """
-        reactor = MemoryReactorClock()
-
         with LoggingContext("root context"):
 
             @trace_with_opname("fixture_async_func", tracer=self._tracer)
@@ -267,9 +260,6 @@ class LogContextScopeManagerTestCase(TestCase):
 
             d1 = defer.ensureDeferred(fixture_async_func())
 
-            # let the tasks complete
-            reactor.pump((2,) * 8)
-
             self.assertEqual(self.successResultOf(d1), "foo")
 
         # the span should have been reported
@@ -277,3 +267,34 @@ class LogContextScopeManagerTestCase(TestCase):
             [span.operation_name for span in self._reporter.get_spans()],
             ["fixture_async_func"],
         )
+
+    def test_trace_decorator_awaitable_return(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Test whether we can use `@trace_with_opname` (`@trace`) and `@tag_args`
+        with functions that return an awaitable (e.g. a coroutine)
+        """
+        with LoggingContext("root context"):
+            # Something we can return without `await` to get a coroutine
+            async def fixture_async_func() -> str:
+                return "foo"
+
+            # The actual kind of function we want to test that returns an awaitable
+            @trace_with_opname("fixture_awaitable_return_func", tracer=self._tracer)
+            @tag_args
+            def fixture_awaitable_return_func() -> Awaitable[str]:
+                return fixture_async_func()
+
+            # Something we can run with `defer.ensureDeferred(runner())` and pump the
+            # whole async tasks through to completion.
+            async def runner() -> str:
+                return await fixture_awaitable_return_func()
+
+            d1 = defer.ensureDeferred(runner())
+
+            self.assertEqual(self.successResultOf(d1), "foo")
+
+        # the span should have been reported
+        self.assertEqual(
+            [span.operation_name for span in self._reporter.get_spans()],
+            ["fixture_awaitable_return_func"],
+        )
diff --git a/tests/media/test_html_preview.py b/tests/media/test_html_preview.py
index e7da75db3e..ea84bb3d3d 100644
--- a/tests/media/test_html_preview.py
+++ b/tests/media/test_html_preview.py
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ from tests import unittest
 try:
     import lxml
 except ImportError:
-    lxml = None
+    lxml = None  # type: ignore[assignment]
 
 
 class SummarizeTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
@@ -160,6 +160,7 @@ class OpenGraphFromHtmlTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         """
 
         tree = decode_body(html, "http://example.com/test.html")
+        assert tree is not None
         og = parse_html_to_open_graph(tree)
 
         self.assertEqual(og, {"og:title": "Foo", "og:description": "Some text."})
@@ -176,6 +177,7 @@ class OpenGraphFromHtmlTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         """
 
         tree = decode_body(html, "http://example.com/test.html")
+        assert tree is not None
         og = parse_html_to_open_graph(tree)
 
         self.assertEqual(og, {"og:title": "Foo", "og:description": "Some text."})
@@ -195,6 +197,7 @@ class OpenGraphFromHtmlTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         """
 
         tree = decode_body(html, "http://example.com/test.html")
+        assert tree is not None
         og = parse_html_to_open_graph(tree)
 
         self.assertEqual(
@@ -217,6 +220,7 @@ class OpenGraphFromHtmlTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         """
 
         tree = decode_body(html, "http://example.com/test.html")
+        assert tree is not None
         og = parse_html_to_open_graph(tree)
 
         self.assertEqual(og, {"og:title": "Foo", "og:description": "Some text."})
@@ -231,6 +235,7 @@ class OpenGraphFromHtmlTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         """
 
         tree = decode_body(html, "http://example.com/test.html")
+        assert tree is not None
         og = parse_html_to_open_graph(tree)
 
         self.assertEqual(og, {"og:title": None, "og:description": "Some text."})
@@ -246,6 +251,7 @@ class OpenGraphFromHtmlTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         """
 
         tree = decode_body(html, "http://example.com/test.html")
+        assert tree is not None
         og = parse_html_to_open_graph(tree)
 
         self.assertEqual(og, {"og:title": "Title", "og:description": "Title"})
@@ -261,6 +267,7 @@ class OpenGraphFromHtmlTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         """
 
         tree = decode_body(html, "http://example.com/test.html")
+        assert tree is not None
         og = parse_html_to_open_graph(tree)
 
         self.assertEqual(og, {"og:title": "Title", "og:description": "Some text."})
@@ -281,6 +288,7 @@ class OpenGraphFromHtmlTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         """
 
         tree = decode_body(html, "http://example.com/test.html")
+        assert tree is not None
         og = parse_html_to_open_graph(tree)
 
         self.assertEqual(og, {"og:title": "Title", "og:description": "Finally!"})
@@ -296,6 +304,7 @@ class OpenGraphFromHtmlTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         """
 
         tree = decode_body(html, "http://example.com/test.html")
+        assert tree is not None
         og = parse_html_to_open_graph(tree)
 
         self.assertEqual(og, {"og:title": None, "og:description": "Some text."})
@@ -324,6 +333,7 @@ class OpenGraphFromHtmlTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         <head><title>Foo</title></head><body>Some text.</body></html>
         """.strip()
         tree = decode_body(html, "http://example.com/test.html")
+        assert tree is not None
         og = parse_html_to_open_graph(tree)
         self.assertEqual(og, {"og:title": "Foo", "og:description": "Some text."})
 
@@ -338,6 +348,7 @@ class OpenGraphFromHtmlTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         </html>
         """
         tree = decode_body(html, "http://example.com/test.html", "invalid-encoding")
+        assert tree is not None
         og = parse_html_to_open_graph(tree)
         self.assertEqual(og, {"og:title": "Foo", "og:description": "Some text."})
 
@@ -353,6 +364,7 @@ class OpenGraphFromHtmlTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         </html>
         """
         tree = decode_body(html, "http://example.com/test.html")
+        assert tree is not None
         og = parse_html_to_open_graph(tree)
         self.assertEqual(og, {"og:title": "ÿÿ Foo", "og:description": "Some text."})
 
@@ -367,6 +379,7 @@ class OpenGraphFromHtmlTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         </html>
         """
         tree = decode_body(html, "http://example.com/test.html")
+        assert tree is not None
         og = parse_html_to_open_graph(tree)
         self.assertEqual(og, {"og:title": "ó", "og:description": "Some text."})
 
@@ -380,6 +393,7 @@ class OpenGraphFromHtmlTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         </html>
         """
         tree = decode_body(html, "http://example.com/test.html")
+        assert tree is not None
         og = parse_html_to_open_graph(tree)
         self.assertEqual(
             og,
@@ -401,6 +415,7 @@ class OpenGraphFromHtmlTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         </html>
         """
         tree = decode_body(html, "http://example.com/test.html")
+        assert tree is not None
         og = parse_html_to_open_graph(tree)
         self.assertEqual(
             og,
@@ -419,6 +434,7 @@ class OpenGraphFromHtmlTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         with a cheeky SVG</svg></u> and <strong>some</strong> tail text</b></a>
         """
         tree = decode_body(html, "http://example.com/test.html")
+        assert tree is not None
         og = parse_html_to_open_graph(tree)
         self.assertEqual(
             og,
diff --git a/tests/media/test_oembed.py b/tests/media/test_oembed.py
index c8bf8421da..3bc19cb1cc 100644
--- a/tests/media/test_oembed.py
+++ b/tests/media/test_oembed.py
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ from tests.unittest import HomeserverTestCase
 try:
     import lxml
 except ImportError:
-    lxml = None
+    lxml = None  # type: ignore[assignment]
 
 
 class OEmbedTests(HomeserverTestCase):
diff --git a/tests/media/test_url_previewer.py b/tests/media/test_url_previewer.py
index 3c4c7d6765..46ecde5344 100644
--- a/tests/media/test_url_previewer.py
+++ b/tests/media/test_url_previewer.py
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ from tests.unittest import override_config
 try:
     import lxml
 except ImportError:
-    lxml = None
+    lxml = None  # type: ignore[assignment]
 
 
 class URLPreviewTests(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
diff --git a/tests/module_api/test_api.py b/tests/module_api/test_api.py
index bff7114cd8..b3310abe1b 100644
--- a/tests/module_api/test_api.py
+++ b/tests/module_api/test_api.py
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ from synapse.module_api import ModuleApi
 from synapse.rest import admin
 from synapse.rest.client import login, notifications, presence, profile, room
 from synapse.server import HomeServer
-from synapse.types import JsonDict, create_requester
+from synapse.types import JsonDict, UserID, create_requester
 from synapse.util import Clock
 
 from tests.events.test_presence_router import send_presence_update, sync_presence
@@ -103,7 +103,9 @@ class ModuleApiTestCase(BaseModuleApiTestCase):
         self.assertEqual(email["added_at"], 0)
 
         # Check that the displayname was assigned
-        displayname = self.get_success(self.store.get_profile_displayname("bob"))
+        displayname = self.get_success(
+            self.store.get_profile_displayname(UserID.from_string("@bob:test"))
+        )
         self.assertEqual(displayname, "Bobberino")
 
     def test_can_register_admin_user(self) -> None:
diff --git a/tests/push/test_bulk_push_rule_evaluator.py b/tests/push/test_bulk_push_rule_evaluator.py
index 9501096a77..1e06f86071 100644
--- a/tests/push/test_bulk_push_rule_evaluator.py
+++ b/tests/push/test_bulk_push_rule_evaluator.py
@@ -228,7 +228,6 @@ class TestBulkPushRuleEvaluator(HomeserverTestCase):
         )
         return len(result) > 0
 
-    @override_config({"experimental_features": {"msc3952_intentional_mentions": True}})
     def test_user_mentions(self) -> None:
         """Test the behavior of an event which includes invalid user mentions."""
         bulk_evaluator = BulkPushRuleEvaluator(self.hs)
@@ -237,9 +236,7 @@ class TestBulkPushRuleEvaluator(HomeserverTestCase):
         self.assertFalse(self._create_and_process(bulk_evaluator))
         # An empty mentions field should not notify.
         self.assertFalse(
-            self._create_and_process(
-                bulk_evaluator, {EventContentFields.MSC3952_MENTIONS: {}}
-            )
+            self._create_and_process(bulk_evaluator, {EventContentFields.MENTIONS: {}})
         )
 
         # Non-dict mentions should be ignored.
@@ -253,7 +250,7 @@ class TestBulkPushRuleEvaluator(HomeserverTestCase):
             for mentions in (None, True, False, 1, "foo", []):
                 self.assertFalse(
                     self._create_and_process(
-                        bulk_evaluator, {EventContentFields.MSC3952_MENTIONS: mentions}
+                        bulk_evaluator, {EventContentFields.MENTIONS: mentions}
                     )
                 )
 
@@ -262,7 +259,7 @@ class TestBulkPushRuleEvaluator(HomeserverTestCase):
                 self.assertFalse(
                     self._create_and_process(
                         bulk_evaluator,
-                        {EventContentFields.MSC3952_MENTIONS: {"user_ids": mentions}},
+                        {EventContentFields.MENTIONS: {"user_ids": mentions}},
                     )
                 )
 
@@ -270,14 +267,14 @@ class TestBulkPushRuleEvaluator(HomeserverTestCase):
         self.assertTrue(
             self._create_and_process(
                 bulk_evaluator,
-                {EventContentFields.MSC3952_MENTIONS: {"user_ids": [self.alice]}},
+                {EventContentFields.MENTIONS: {"user_ids": [self.alice]}},
             )
         )
         self.assertTrue(
             self._create_and_process(
                 bulk_evaluator,
                 {
-                    EventContentFields.MSC3952_MENTIONS: {
+                    EventContentFields.MENTIONS: {
                         "user_ids": ["@another:test", self.alice]
                     }
                 },
@@ -288,11 +285,7 @@ class TestBulkPushRuleEvaluator(HomeserverTestCase):
         self.assertTrue(
             self._create_and_process(
                 bulk_evaluator,
-                {
-                    EventContentFields.MSC3952_MENTIONS: {
-                        "user_ids": [self.alice, self.alice]
-                    }
-                },
+                {EventContentFields.MENTIONS: {"user_ids": [self.alice, self.alice]}},
             )
         )
 
@@ -307,7 +300,7 @@ class TestBulkPushRuleEvaluator(HomeserverTestCase):
                 self._create_and_process(
                     bulk_evaluator,
                     {
-                        EventContentFields.MSC3952_MENTIONS: {
+                        EventContentFields.MENTIONS: {
                             "user_ids": [None, True, False, {}, []]
                         }
                     },
@@ -317,7 +310,7 @@ class TestBulkPushRuleEvaluator(HomeserverTestCase):
                 self._create_and_process(
                     bulk_evaluator,
                     {
-                        EventContentFields.MSC3952_MENTIONS: {
+                        EventContentFields.MENTIONS: {
                             "user_ids": [None, True, False, {}, [], self.alice]
                         }
                     },
@@ -331,12 +324,11 @@ class TestBulkPushRuleEvaluator(HomeserverTestCase):
                 {
                     "body": self.alice,
                     "msgtype": "m.text",
-                    EventContentFields.MSC3952_MENTIONS: {},
+                    EventContentFields.MENTIONS: {},
                 },
             )
         )
 
-    @override_config({"experimental_features": {"msc3952_intentional_mentions": True}})
     def test_room_mentions(self) -> None:
         """Test the behavior of an event which includes invalid room mentions."""
         bulk_evaluator = BulkPushRuleEvaluator(self.hs)
@@ -344,7 +336,7 @@ class TestBulkPushRuleEvaluator(HomeserverTestCase):
         # Room mentions from those without power should not notify.
         self.assertFalse(
             self._create_and_process(
-                bulk_evaluator, {EventContentFields.MSC3952_MENTIONS: {"room": True}}
+                bulk_evaluator, {EventContentFields.MENTIONS: {"room": True}}
             )
         )
 
@@ -358,7 +350,7 @@ class TestBulkPushRuleEvaluator(HomeserverTestCase):
         )
         self.assertTrue(
             self._create_and_process(
-                bulk_evaluator, {EventContentFields.MSC3952_MENTIONS: {"room": True}}
+                bulk_evaluator, {EventContentFields.MENTIONS: {"room": True}}
             )
         )
 
@@ -374,7 +366,7 @@ class TestBulkPushRuleEvaluator(HomeserverTestCase):
                 self.assertFalse(
                     self._create_and_process(
                         bulk_evaluator,
-                        {EventContentFields.MSC3952_MENTIONS: {"room": mentions}},
+                        {EventContentFields.MENTIONS: {"room": mentions}},
                     )
                 )
 
@@ -385,7 +377,7 @@ class TestBulkPushRuleEvaluator(HomeserverTestCase):
                 {
                     "body": "@room",
                     "msgtype": "m.text",
-                    EventContentFields.MSC3952_MENTIONS: {},
+                    EventContentFields.MENTIONS: {},
                 },
             )
         )
diff --git a/tests/rest/admin/test_jwks.py b/tests/rest/admin/test_jwks.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a9a6191c73
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/rest/admin/test_jwks.py
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+# Copyright 2023 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+from typing import Dict
+
+from twisted.web.resource import Resource
+
+from synapse.rest.synapse.client import build_synapse_client_resource_tree
+
+from tests.unittest import HomeserverTestCase, override_config, skip_unless
+
+try:
+    import authlib  # noqa: F401
+
+    HAS_AUTHLIB = True
+except ImportError:
+    HAS_AUTHLIB = False
+
+
+@skip_unless(HAS_AUTHLIB, "requires authlib")
+class JWKSTestCase(HomeserverTestCase):
+    """Test /_synapse/jwks JWKS data."""
+
+    def create_resource_dict(self) -> Dict[str, Resource]:
+        d = super().create_resource_dict()
+        d.update(build_synapse_client_resource_tree(self.hs))
+        return d
+
+    def test_empty_jwks(self) -> None:
+        """Test that the JWKS endpoint is not present by default."""
+        channel = self.make_request("GET", "/_synapse/jwks")
+        self.assertEqual(404, channel.code, channel.result)
+
+    @override_config(
+        {
+            "disable_registration": True,
+            "experimental_features": {
+                "msc3861": {
+                    "enabled": True,
+                    "issuer": "https://issuer/",
+                    "client_id": "test-client-id",
+                    "client_auth_method": "client_secret_post",
+                    "client_secret": "secret",
+                },
+            },
+        }
+    )
+    def test_empty_jwks_for_msc3861_client_secret_post(self) -> None:
+        """Test that the JWKS endpoint is empty when plain auth is used."""
+        channel = self.make_request("GET", "/_synapse/jwks")
+        self.assertEqual(200, channel.code, channel.result)
+        self.assertEqual({"keys": []}, channel.json_body)
+
+    @override_config(
+        {
+            "disable_registration": True,
+            "experimental_features": {
+                "msc3861": {
+                    "enabled": True,
+                    "issuer": "https://issuer/",
+                    "client_id": "test-client-id",
+                    "client_auth_method": "private_key_jwt",
+                    "jwk": {
+                        "p": "-frVdP_tZ-J_nIR6HNMDq1N7aunwm51nAqNnhqIyuA8ikx7LlQED1tt2LD3YEvYyW8nxE2V95HlCRZXQPMiRJBFOsbmYkzl2t-MpavTaObB_fct_JqcRtdXddg4-_ihdjRDwUOreq_dpWh6MIKsC3UyekfkHmeEJg5YpOTL15j8",
+                        "kty": "RSA",
+                        "q": "oFw-Enr_YozQB1ab-kawn4jY3yHi8B1nSmYT0s8oTCflrmps5BFJfCkHL5ij3iY15z0o2m0N-jjB1oSJ98O4RayEEYNQlHnTNTl0kRIWzpoqblHUIxVcahIpP_xTovBJzwi8XXoLGqHOOMA-r40LSyVgP2Ut8D9qBwV6_UfT0LU",
+                        "d": "WFkDPYo4b4LIS64D_QtQfGGuAObPvc3HFfp9VZXyq3SJR58XZRHE0jqtlEMNHhOTgbMYS3w8nxPQ_qVzY-5hs4fIanwvB64mAoOGl0qMHO65DTD_WsGFwzYClJPBVniavkLE2Hmpu8IGe6lGliN8vREC6_4t69liY-XcN_ECboVtC2behKkLOEASOIMuS7YcKAhTJFJwkl1dqDlliEn5A4u4xy7nuWQz3juB1OFdKlwGA5dfhDNglhoLIwNnkLsUPPFO-WB5ZNEW35xxHOToxj4bShvDuanVA6mJPtTKjz0XibjB36bj_nF_j7EtbE2PdGJ2KevAVgElR4lqS4ISgQ",
+                        "e": "AQAB",
+                        "kid": "test",
+                        "qi": "cPfNk8l8W5exVNNea4d7QZZ8Qr8LgHghypYAxz8PQh1fNa8Ya1SNUDVzC2iHHhszxxA0vB9C7jGze8dBrvnzWYF1XvQcqNIVVgHhD57R1Nm3dj2NoHIKe0Cu4bCUtP8xnZQUN4KX7y4IIcgRcBWG1hT6DEYZ4BxqicnBXXNXAUI",
+                        "dp": "dKlMHvslV1sMBQaKWpNb3gPq0B13TZhqr3-E2_8sPlvJ3fD8P4CmwwnOn50JDuhY3h9jY5L06sBwXjspYISVv8hX-ndMLkEeF3lrJeA5S70D8rgakfZcPIkffm3tlf1Ok3v5OzoxSv3-67Df4osMniyYwDUBCB5Oq1tTx77xpU8",
+                        "dq": "S4ooU1xNYYcjl9FcuJEEMqKsRrAXzzSKq6laPTwIp5dDwt2vXeAm1a4eDHXC-6rUSZGt5PbqVqzV4s-cjnJMI8YYkIdjNg4NSE1Ac_YpeDl3M3Colb5CQlU7yUB7xY2bt0NOOFp9UJZYJrOo09mFMGjy5eorsbitoZEbVqS3SuE",
+                        "n": "nJbYKqFwnURKimaviyDFrNLD3gaKR1JW343Qem25VeZxoMq1665RHVoO8n1oBm4ClZdjIiZiVdpyqzD5-Ow12YQgQEf1ZHP3CCcOQQhU57Rh5XvScTe5IxYVkEW32IW2mp_CJ6WfjYpfeL4azarVk8H3Vr59d1rSrKTVVinVdZer9YLQyC_rWAQNtHafPBMrf6RYiNGV9EiYn72wFIXlLlBYQ9Fx7bfe1PaL6qrQSsZP3_rSpuvVdLh1lqGeCLR0pyclA9uo5m2tMyCXuuGQLbA_QJm5xEc7zd-WFdux2eXF045oxnSZ_kgQt-pdN7AxGWOVvwoTf9am6mSkEdv6iw",
+                    },
+                },
+            },
+        }
+    )
+    def test_key_returned_for_msc3861_client_secret_post(self) -> None:
+        """Test that the JWKS includes public part of JWK for private_key_jwt auth is used."""
+        channel = self.make_request("GET", "/_synapse/jwks")
+        self.assertEqual(200, channel.code, channel.result)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            {
+                "keys": [
+                    {
+                        "kty": "RSA",
+                        "e": "AQAB",
+                        "kid": "test",
+                        "n": "nJbYKqFwnURKimaviyDFrNLD3gaKR1JW343Qem25VeZxoMq1665RHVoO8n1oBm4ClZdjIiZiVdpyqzD5-Ow12YQgQEf1ZHP3CCcOQQhU57Rh5XvScTe5IxYVkEW32IW2mp_CJ6WfjYpfeL4azarVk8H3Vr59d1rSrKTVVinVdZer9YLQyC_rWAQNtHafPBMrf6RYiNGV9EiYn72wFIXlLlBYQ9Fx7bfe1PaL6qrQSsZP3_rSpuvVdLh1lqGeCLR0pyclA9uo5m2tMyCXuuGQLbA_QJm5xEc7zd-WFdux2eXF045oxnSZ_kgQt-pdN7AxGWOVvwoTf9am6mSkEdv6iw",
+                    }
+                ]
+            },
+            channel.json_body,
+        )
diff --git a/tests/rest/client/test_capabilities.py b/tests/rest/client/test_capabilities.py
index c16e8d43f4..cf23430f6a 100644
--- a/tests/rest/client/test_capabilities.py
+++ b/tests/rest/client/test_capabilities.py
@@ -186,3 +186,31 @@ class CapabilitiesTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
             self.assertGreater(len(details["support"]), 0)
             for room_version in details["support"]:
                 self.assertTrue(room_version in KNOWN_ROOM_VERSIONS, str(room_version))
+
+    def test_get_get_token_login_fields_when_disabled(self) -> None:
+        """By default login via an existing session is disabled."""
+        access_token = self.get_success(
+            self.auth_handler.create_access_token_for_user_id(
+                self.user, device_id=None, valid_until_ms=None
+            )
+        )
+
+        channel = self.make_request("GET", self.url, access_token=access_token)
+        capabilities = channel.json_body["capabilities"]
+
+        self.assertEqual(channel.code, HTTPStatus.OK)
+        self.assertFalse(capabilities["m.get_login_token"]["enabled"])
+
+    @override_config({"login_via_existing_session": {"enabled": True}})
+    def test_get_get_token_login_fields_when_enabled(self) -> None:
+        access_token = self.get_success(
+            self.auth_handler.create_access_token_for_user_id(
+                self.user, device_id=None, valid_until_ms=None
+            )
+        )
+
+        channel = self.make_request("GET", self.url, access_token=access_token)
+        capabilities = channel.json_body["capabilities"]
+
+        self.assertEqual(channel.code, HTTPStatus.OK)
+        self.assertTrue(capabilities["m.get_login_token"]["enabled"])
diff --git a/tests/rest/client/test_filter.py b/tests/rest/client/test_filter.py
index 9faa9de050..a2d5d340be 100644
--- a/tests/rest/client/test_filter.py
+++ b/tests/rest/client/test_filter.py
@@ -46,7 +46,9 @@ class FilterTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         self.assertEqual(channel.code, 200)
         self.assertEqual(channel.json_body, {"filter_id": "0"})
         filter = self.get_success(
-            self.store.get_user_filter(user_localpart="apple", filter_id=0)
+            self.store.get_user_filter(
+                user_id=UserID.from_string(FilterTestCase.user_id), filter_id=0
+            )
         )
         self.pump()
         self.assertEqual(filter, self.EXAMPLE_FILTER)
diff --git a/tests/rest/client/test_login.py b/tests/rest/client/test_login.py
index dc32982e22..f3c3bc69a9 100644
--- a/tests/rest/client/test_login.py
+++ b/tests/rest/client/test_login.py
@@ -446,6 +446,29 @@ class LoginRestServletTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
             ApprovalNoticeMedium.NONE, channel.json_body["approval_notice_medium"]
         )
 
+    def test_get_login_flows_with_login_via_existing_disabled(self) -> None:
+        """GET /login should return m.login.token without get_login_token"""
+        channel = self.make_request("GET", "/_matrix/client/r0/login")
+        self.assertEqual(channel.code, 200, channel.result)
+
+        flows = {flow["type"]: flow for flow in channel.json_body["flows"]}
+        self.assertNotIn("m.login.token", flows)
+
+    @override_config({"login_via_existing_session": {"enabled": True}})
+    def test_get_login_flows_with_login_via_existing_enabled(self) -> None:
+        """GET /login should return m.login.token with get_login_token true"""
+        channel = self.make_request("GET", "/_matrix/client/r0/login")
+        self.assertEqual(channel.code, 200, channel.result)
+
+        self.assertCountEqual(
+            channel.json_body["flows"],
+            [
+                {"type": "m.login.token", "get_login_token": True},
+                {"type": "m.login.password"},
+                {"type": "m.login.application_service"},
+            ],
+        )
+
 
 @skip_unless(has_saml2 and HAS_OIDC, "Requires SAML2 and OIDC")
 class MultiSSOTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
diff --git a/tests/rest/client/test_login_token_request.py b/tests/rest/client/test_login_token_request.py
index b8187db982..f05e619aa8 100644
--- a/tests/rest/client/test_login_token_request.py
+++ b/tests/rest/client/test_login_token_request.py
@@ -15,14 +15,14 @@
 from twisted.test.proto_helpers import MemoryReactor
 
 from synapse.rest import admin
-from synapse.rest.client import login, login_token_request
+from synapse.rest.client import login, login_token_request, versions
 from synapse.server import HomeServer
 from synapse.util import Clock
 
 from tests import unittest
 from tests.unittest import override_config
 
-endpoint = "/_matrix/client/unstable/org.matrix.msc3882/login/token"
+GET_TOKEN_ENDPOINT = "/_matrix/client/v1/login/get_token"
 
 
 class LoginTokenRequestServletTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ class LoginTokenRequestServletTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         login.register_servlets,
         admin.register_servlets,
         login_token_request.register_servlets,
+        versions.register_servlets,  # TODO: remove once unstable revision 0 support is removed
     ]
 
     def make_homeserver(self, reactor: MemoryReactor, clock: Clock) -> HomeServer:
@@ -46,26 +47,26 @@ class LoginTokenRequestServletTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         self.password = "password"
 
     def test_disabled(self) -> None:
-        channel = self.make_request("POST", endpoint, {}, access_token=None)
+        channel = self.make_request("POST", GET_TOKEN_ENDPOINT, {}, access_token=None)
         self.assertEqual(channel.code, 404)
 
         self.register_user(self.user, self.password)
         token = self.login(self.user, self.password)
 
-        channel = self.make_request("POST", endpoint, {}, access_token=token)
+        channel = self.make_request("POST", GET_TOKEN_ENDPOINT, {}, access_token=token)
         self.assertEqual(channel.code, 404)
 
-    @override_config({"experimental_features": {"msc3882_enabled": True}})
+    @override_config({"login_via_existing_session": {"enabled": True}})
     def test_require_auth(self) -> None:
-        channel = self.make_request("POST", endpoint, {}, access_token=None)
+        channel = self.make_request("POST", GET_TOKEN_ENDPOINT, {}, access_token=None)
         self.assertEqual(channel.code, 401)
 
-    @override_config({"experimental_features": {"msc3882_enabled": True}})
+    @override_config({"login_via_existing_session": {"enabled": True}})
     def test_uia_on(self) -> None:
         user_id = self.register_user(self.user, self.password)
         token = self.login(self.user, self.password)
 
-        channel = self.make_request("POST", endpoint, {}, access_token=token)
+        channel = self.make_request("POST", GET_TOKEN_ENDPOINT, {}, access_token=token)
         self.assertEqual(channel.code, 401)
         self.assertIn({"stages": ["m.login.password"]}, channel.json_body["flows"])
 
@@ -80,9 +81,9 @@ class LoginTokenRequestServletTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
             },
         }
 
-        channel = self.make_request("POST", endpoint, uia, access_token=token)
+        channel = self.make_request("POST", GET_TOKEN_ENDPOINT, uia, access_token=token)
         self.assertEqual(channel.code, 200)
-        self.assertEqual(channel.json_body["expires_in"], 300)
+        self.assertEqual(channel.json_body["expires_in_ms"], 300000)
 
         login_token = channel.json_body["login_token"]
 
@@ -95,15 +96,15 @@ class LoginTokenRequestServletTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         self.assertEqual(channel.json_body["user_id"], user_id)
 
     @override_config(
-        {"experimental_features": {"msc3882_enabled": True, "msc3882_ui_auth": False}}
+        {"login_via_existing_session": {"enabled": True, "require_ui_auth": False}}
     )
     def test_uia_off(self) -> None:
         user_id = self.register_user(self.user, self.password)
         token = self.login(self.user, self.password)
 
-        channel = self.make_request("POST", endpoint, {}, access_token=token)
+        channel = self.make_request("POST", GET_TOKEN_ENDPOINT, {}, access_token=token)
         self.assertEqual(channel.code, 200)
-        self.assertEqual(channel.json_body["expires_in"], 300)
+        self.assertEqual(channel.json_body["expires_in_ms"], 300000)
 
         login_token = channel.json_body["login_token"]
 
@@ -117,10 +118,10 @@ class LoginTokenRequestServletTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
 
     @override_config(
         {
-            "experimental_features": {
-                "msc3882_enabled": True,
-                "msc3882_ui_auth": False,
-                "msc3882_token_timeout": "15s",
+            "login_via_existing_session": {
+                "enabled": True,
+                "require_ui_auth": False,
+                "token_timeout": "15s",
             }
         }
     )
@@ -128,6 +129,40 @@ class LoginTokenRequestServletTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         self.register_user(self.user, self.password)
         token = self.login(self.user, self.password)
 
-        channel = self.make_request("POST", endpoint, {}, access_token=token)
+        channel = self.make_request("POST", GET_TOKEN_ENDPOINT, {}, access_token=token)
+        self.assertEqual(channel.code, 200)
+        self.assertEqual(channel.json_body["expires_in_ms"], 15000)
+
+    @override_config(
+        {
+            "login_via_existing_session": {
+                "enabled": True,
+                "require_ui_auth": False,
+                "token_timeout": "15s",
+            }
+        }
+    )
+    def test_unstable_support(self) -> None:
+        # TODO: remove support for unstable MSC3882 is no longer needed
+
+        # check feature is advertised in versions response:
+        channel = self.make_request(
+            "GET", "/_matrix/client/versions", {}, access_token=None
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(channel.code, 200)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            channel.json_body["unstable_features"]["org.matrix.msc3882"], True
+        )
+
+        self.register_user(self.user, self.password)
+        token = self.login(self.user, self.password)
+
+        # check feature is available via the unstable endpoint and returns an expires_in value in seconds
+        channel = self.make_request(
+            "POST",
+            "/_matrix/client/unstable/org.matrix.msc3882/login/token",
+            {},
+            access_token=token,
+        )
         self.assertEqual(channel.code, 200)
         self.assertEqual(channel.json_body["expires_in"], 15)
diff --git a/tests/rest/client/test_redactions.py b/tests/rest/client/test_redactions.py
index 84a60c0b07..b43e95292c 100644
--- a/tests/rest/client/test_redactions.py
+++ b/tests/rest/client/test_redactions.py
@@ -217,9 +217,9 @@ class RedactionsTestCase(HomeserverTestCase):
             self._redact_event(self.mod_access_token, self.room_id, msg_id)
 
     @override_config({"experimental_features": {"msc3912_enabled": True}})
-    def test_redact_relations(self) -> None:
-        """Tests that we can redact the relations of an event at the same time as the
-        event itself.
+    def test_redact_relations_with_types(self) -> None:
+        """Tests that we can redact the relations of an event of specific types
+        at the same time as the event itself.
         """
         # Send a root event.
         res = self.helper.send_event(
@@ -318,6 +318,104 @@ class RedactionsTestCase(HomeserverTestCase):
         self.assertNotIn("redacted_because", event_dict, event_dict)
 
     @override_config({"experimental_features": {"msc3912_enabled": True}})
+    def test_redact_all_relations(self) -> None:
+        """Tests that we can redact all the relations of an event at the same time as the
+        event itself.
+        """
+        # Send a root event.
+        res = self.helper.send_event(
+            room_id=self.room_id,
+            type=EventTypes.Message,
+            content={"msgtype": "m.text", "body": "hello"},
+            tok=self.mod_access_token,
+        )
+        root_event_id = res["event_id"]
+
+        # Send an edit to this root event.
+        res = self.helper.send_event(
+            room_id=self.room_id,
+            type=EventTypes.Message,
+            content={
+                "body": " * hello world",
+                "m.new_content": {
+                    "body": "hello world",
+                    "msgtype": "m.text",
+                },
+                "m.relates_to": {
+                    "event_id": root_event_id,
+                    "rel_type": RelationTypes.REPLACE,
+                },
+                "msgtype": "m.text",
+            },
+            tok=self.mod_access_token,
+        )
+        edit_event_id = res["event_id"]
+
+        # Also send a threaded message whose root is the same as the edit's.
+        res = self.helper.send_event(
+            room_id=self.room_id,
+            type=EventTypes.Message,
+            content={
+                "msgtype": "m.text",
+                "body": "message 1",
+                "m.relates_to": {
+                    "event_id": root_event_id,
+                    "rel_type": RelationTypes.THREAD,
+                },
+            },
+            tok=self.mod_access_token,
+        )
+        threaded_event_id = res["event_id"]
+
+        # Also send a reaction, again with the same root.
+        res = self.helper.send_event(
+            room_id=self.room_id,
+            type=EventTypes.Reaction,
+            content={
+                "m.relates_to": {
+                    "rel_type": RelationTypes.ANNOTATION,
+                    "event_id": root_event_id,
+                    "key": "👍",
+                }
+            },
+            tok=self.mod_access_token,
+        )
+        reaction_event_id = res["event_id"]
+
+        # Redact the root event, specifying that we also want to delete all events that
+        # relate to it.
+        self._redact_event(
+            self.mod_access_token,
+            self.room_id,
+            root_event_id,
+            with_relations=["*"],
+        )
+
+        # Check that the root event got redacted.
+        event_dict = self.helper.get_event(
+            self.room_id, root_event_id, self.mod_access_token
+        )
+        self.assertIn("redacted_because", event_dict, event_dict)
+
+        # Check that the edit got redacted.
+        event_dict = self.helper.get_event(
+            self.room_id, edit_event_id, self.mod_access_token
+        )
+        self.assertIn("redacted_because", event_dict, event_dict)
+
+        # Check that the threaded message got redacted.
+        event_dict = self.helper.get_event(
+            self.room_id, threaded_event_id, self.mod_access_token
+        )
+        self.assertIn("redacted_because", event_dict, event_dict)
+
+        # Check that the reaction got redacted.
+        event_dict = self.helper.get_event(
+            self.room_id, reaction_event_id, self.mod_access_token
+        )
+        self.assertIn("redacted_because", event_dict, event_dict)
+
+    @override_config({"experimental_features": {"msc3912_enabled": True}})
     def test_redact_relations_no_perms(self) -> None:
         """Tests that, when redacting a message along with its relations, if not all
         the related messages can be redacted because of insufficient permissions, the
diff --git a/tests/rest/media/test_url_preview.py b/tests/rest/media/test_url_preview.py
index 170fb0534a..05d5e39cab 100644
--- a/tests/rest/media/test_url_preview.py
+++ b/tests/rest/media/test_url_preview.py
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ from tests.test_utils import SMALL_PNG
 try:
     import lxml
 except ImportError:
-    lxml = None
+    lxml = None  # type: ignore[assignment]
 
 
 class URLPreviewTests(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
diff --git a/tests/rest/test_well_known.py b/tests/rest/test_well_known.py
index 2091b08d89..377243a170 100644
--- a/tests/rest/test_well_known.py
+++ b/tests/rest/test_well_known.py
@@ -17,6 +17,13 @@ from synapse.rest.well_known import well_known_resource
 
 from tests import unittest
 
+try:
+    import authlib  # noqa: F401
+
+    HAS_AUTHLIB = True
+except ImportError:
+    HAS_AUTHLIB = False
+
 
 class WellKnownTests(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
     def create_test_resource(self) -> Resource:
@@ -96,3 +103,37 @@ class WellKnownTests(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
             "GET", "/.well-known/matrix/server", shorthand=False
         )
         self.assertEqual(channel.code, 404)
+
+    @unittest.skip_unless(HAS_AUTHLIB, "requires authlib")
+    @unittest.override_config(
+        {
+            "public_baseurl": "https://homeserver",  # this is only required so that client well known is served
+            "experimental_features": {
+                "msc3861": {
+                    "enabled": True,
+                    "issuer": "https://issuer",
+                    "account_management_url": "https://my-account.issuer",
+                    "client_id": "id",
+                    "client_auth_method": "client_secret_post",
+                    "client_secret": "secret",
+                },
+            },
+            "disable_registration": True,
+        }
+    )
+    def test_client_well_known_msc3861_oauth_delegation(self) -> None:
+        channel = self.make_request(
+            "GET", "/.well-known/matrix/client", shorthand=False
+        )
+
+        self.assertEqual(channel.code, 200)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            channel.json_body,
+            {
+                "m.homeserver": {"base_url": "https://homeserver/"},
+                "org.matrix.msc2965.authentication": {
+                    "issuer": "https://issuer",
+                    "account": "https://my-account.issuer",
+                },
+            },
+        )
diff --git a/tests/server.py b/tests/server.py
index 7296f0a552..a12c3e3b9a 100644
--- a/tests/server.py
+++ b/tests/server.py
@@ -642,7 +642,7 @@ def _make_test_homeserver_synchronous(server: HomeServer) -> None:
         pool.runWithConnection = runWithConnection  # type: ignore[assignment]
         pool.runInteraction = runInteraction  # type: ignore[assignment]
         # Replace the thread pool with a threadless 'thread' pool
-        pool.threadpool = ThreadPool(clock._reactor)  # type: ignore[assignment]
+        pool.threadpool = ThreadPool(clock._reactor)
         pool.running = True
 
     # We've just changed the Databases to run DB transactions on the same
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_profile.py b/tests/storage/test_profile.py
index f9cf0fcb82..fe5bb77913 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_profile.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_profile.py
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
+
 from twisted.test.proto_helpers import MemoryReactor
 
 from synapse.server import HomeServer
@@ -35,18 +36,14 @@ class ProfileStoreTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
 
         self.assertEqual(
             "Frank",
-            (
-                self.get_success(
-                    self.store.get_profile_displayname(self.u_frank.localpart)
-                )
-            ),
+            (self.get_success(self.store.get_profile_displayname(self.u_frank))),
         )
 
         # test set to None
         self.get_success(self.store.set_profile_displayname(self.u_frank, None))
 
         self.assertIsNone(
-            self.get_success(self.store.get_profile_displayname(self.u_frank.localpart))
+            self.get_success(self.store.get_profile_displayname(self.u_frank))
         )
 
     def test_avatar_url(self) -> None:
@@ -58,18 +55,14 @@ class ProfileStoreTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
 
         self.assertEqual(
             "http://my.site/here",
-            (
-                self.get_success(
-                    self.store.get_profile_avatar_url(self.u_frank.localpart)
-                )
-            ),
+            (self.get_success(self.store.get_profile_avatar_url(self.u_frank))),
         )
 
         # test set to None
         self.get_success(self.store.set_profile_avatar_url(self.u_frank, None))
 
         self.assertIsNone(
-            self.get_success(self.store.get_profile_avatar_url(self.u_frank.localpart))
+            self.get_success(self.store.get_profile_avatar_url(self.u_frank))
         )
 
     def test_profiles_bg_migration(self) -> None:
diff --git a/tests/test_state.py b/tests/test_state.py
index ddf59916b1..7a49b87953 100644
--- a/tests/test_state.py
+++ b/tests/test_state.py
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ from unittest.mock import Mock
 
 from twisted.internet import defer
 
-from synapse.api.auth import Auth
+from synapse.api.auth.internal import InternalAuth
 from synapse.api.constants import EventTypes, Membership
 from synapse.api.room_versions import RoomVersions
 from synapse.events import EventBase, make_event_from_dict
@@ -240,7 +240,7 @@ class StateTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         hs.get_macaroon_generator.return_value = MacaroonGenerator(
             clock, "tesths", b"verysecret"
         )
-        hs.get_auth.return_value = Auth(hs)
+        hs.get_auth.return_value = InternalAuth(hs)
         hs.get_state_resolution_handler = lambda: StateResolutionHandler(hs)
         hs.get_storage_controllers.return_value = storage_controllers
 
diff --git a/tests/test_utils/__init__.py b/tests/test_utils/__init__.py
index e5dae670a7..c8cc841d95 100644
--- a/tests/test_utils/__init__.py
+++ b/tests/test_utils/__init__.py
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ from twisted.web.http import RESPONSES
 from twisted.web.http_headers import Headers
 from twisted.web.iweb import IResponse
 
-from synapse.types import JsonDict
+from synapse.types import JsonSerializable
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from sys import UnraisableHookArgs
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ class FakeResponse:  # type: ignore[misc]
         protocol.connectionLost(Failure(ResponseDone()))
 
     @classmethod
-    def json(cls, *, code: int = 200, payload: JsonDict) -> "FakeResponse":
+    def json(cls, *, code: int = 200, payload: JsonSerializable) -> "FakeResponse":
         headers = Headers({"Content-Type": ["application/json"]})
         body = json.dumps(payload).encode("utf-8")
         return cls(code=code, body=body, headers=headers)
diff --git a/tests/test_utils/logging_setup.py b/tests/test_utils/logging_setup.py
index c37f205ed0..199bb06a81 100644
--- a/tests/test_utils/logging_setup.py
+++ b/tests/test_utils/logging_setup.py
@@ -53,4 +53,16 @@ def setup_logging() -> None:
     log_level = os.environ.get("SYNAPSE_TEST_LOG_LEVEL", "ERROR")
     root_logger.setLevel(log_level)
 
+    # In order to not add noise by default (since we only log ERROR messages for trial
+    # tests as configured above), we only enable this for developers for looking for
+    # more INFO or DEBUG.
+    if root_logger.isEnabledFor(logging.INFO):
+        # Log when events are (maybe unexpectedly) filtered out of responses in tests. It's
+        # just nice to be able to look at the CI log and figure out why an event isn't being
+        # returned.
+        logging.getLogger("synapse.visibility.filtered_event_debug").setLevel(
+            logging.DEBUG
+        )
+
+    # Blow away the pyo3-log cache so that it reloads the configuration.
     reset_logging_config()