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-rwxr-xr-x.buildkite/scripts/create_postgres_db.py1
-rw-r--r--UPGRADE.rst23
-rw-r--r--changelog.d/9162.misc1
-rw-r--r--changelog.d/9702.misc1
-rw-r--r--changelog.d/9786.misc1
-rw-r--r--changelog.d/9788.bugfix1
-rw-r--r--changelog.d/9796.misc1
-rw-r--r--changelog.d/9800.feature1
-rw-r--r--changelog.d/9801.doc1
-rw-r--r--changelog.d/9802.bugfix1
-rw-r--r--changelog.d/9815.misc1
-rw-r--r--changelog.d/9819.feature1
-rw-r--r--changelog.d/9821.misc1
-rw-r--r--changelog.d/9825.misc1
-rw-r--r--changelog.d/9828.feature1
-rw-r--r--changelog.d/9832.feature1
-rw-r--r--changelog.d/9838.misc1
-rw-r--r--changelog.d/9850.feature1
-rw-r--r--contrib/cmdclient/http.py1
-rw-r--r--contrib/experiments/test_messaging.py43
-rw-r--r--docker/Dockerfile-workers23
-rw-r--r--docker/README-testing.md140
-rw-r--r--docker/README.md19
-rw-r--r--docker/conf-workers/nginx.conf.j227
-rw-r--r--docker/conf-workers/shared.yaml.j29
-rw-r--r--docker/conf-workers/supervisord.conf.j241
-rw-r--r--docker/conf-workers/worker.yaml.j226
-rw-r--r--docker/conf/homeserver.yaml4
-rw-r--r--docker/conf/log.config32
-rwxr-xr-xdocker/configure_workers_and_start.py558
-rw-r--r--docs/sample_config.yaml148
-rwxr-xr-xscripts-dev/definitions.py2
-rwxr-xr-xscripts-dev/list_url_patterns.py2
-rw-r--r--scripts-dev/mypy_synapse_plugin.py1
-rwxr-xr-xscripts-dev/sign_json1
-rwxr-xr-xscripts-dev/update_database1
-rwxr-xr-xscripts/export_signing_key1
-rwxr-xr-xscripts/generate_log_config1
-rwxr-xr-xscripts/generate_signing_key.py1
-rwxr-xr-xscripts/move_remote_media_to_new_store.py1
-rwxr-xr-xscripts/register_new_matrix_user1
-rwxr-xr-xscripts/synapse_port_db1
-rw-r--r--setup.cfg3
-rw-r--r--stubs/frozendict.pyi1
-rw-r--r--stubs/txredisapi.pyi1
-rw-r--r--synapse/__init__.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/_scripts/register_new_matrix_user.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/api/__init__.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/api/auth.py7
-rw-r--r--synapse/api/auth_blocking.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/api/constants.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/api/errors.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/api/filtering.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/api/presence.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/api/room_versions.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/api/urls.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/app/__init__.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/app/_base.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/app/admin_cmd.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/app/appservice.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/app/client_reader.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/app/event_creator.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/app/federation_reader.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/app/federation_sender.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/app/frontend_proxy.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/app/generic_worker.py473
-rw-r--r--synapse/app/homeserver.py19
-rw-r--r--synapse/app/media_repository.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/app/pusher.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/app/synchrotron.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/app/user_dir.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/appservice/__init__.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/appservice/api.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/appservice/scheduler.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/config/__init__.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/config/__main__.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/config/_base.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/config/_base.pyi2
-rw-r--r--synapse/config/_util.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/config/account_validity.py165
-rw-r--r--synapse/config/auth.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/config/cache.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/config/cas.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/config/consent_config.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/config/database.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/config/emailconfig.py3
-rw-r--r--synapse/config/experimental.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/config/federation.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/config/groups.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/config/homeserver.py4
-rw-r--r--synapse/config/jwt_config.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/config/key.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/config/logger.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/config/metrics.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/config/oidc_config.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/config/password_auth_providers.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/config/push.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/config/redis.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/config/registration.py130
-rw-r--r--synapse/config/repository.py2
-rw-r--r--synapse/config/room.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/config/room_directory.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/config/saml2_config.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/config/server.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/config/server_notices_config.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/config/spam_checker.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/config/sso.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/config/stats.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/config/third_party_event_rules.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/config/tls.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/config/tracer.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/config/user_directory.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/config/workers.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/crypto/__init__.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/crypto/event_signing.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/crypto/keyring.py3
-rw-r--r--synapse/event_auth.py3
-rw-r--r--synapse/events/__init__.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/events/builder.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/events/presence_router.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/events/snapshot.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/events/spamcheck.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/events/third_party_rules.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/events/utils.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/events/validator.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/federation/__init__.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/federation/federation_base.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/federation/federation_client.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/federation/federation_server.py3
-rw-r--r--synapse/federation/persistence.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/federation/send_queue.py75
-rw-r--r--synapse/federation/sender/__init__.py239
-rw-r--r--synapse/federation/sender/per_destination_queue.py16
-rw-r--r--synapse/federation/sender/transaction_manager.py3
-rw-r--r--synapse/federation/transport/__init__.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/federation/transport/client.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/federation/transport/server.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/federation/units.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/groups/attestations.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/groups/groups_server.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/__init__.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/_base.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/account_data.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/account_validity.py102
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/acme.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/acme_issuing_service.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/admin.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/appservice.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/auth.py3
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/cas_handler.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/deactivate_account.py5
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/device.py14
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/devicemessage.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/directory.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/e2e_keys.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/e2e_room_keys.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/events.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/federation.py181
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/groups_local.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/identity.py30
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/initial_sync.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/message.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/oidc_handler.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/pagination.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/password_policy.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/presence.py533
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/profile.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/read_marker.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/receipts.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/register.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/room.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/room_list.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/room_member.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/room_member_worker.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/saml_handler.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/search.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/set_password.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/space_summary.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/sso.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/state_deltas.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/stats.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/sync.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/typing.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/ui_auth/__init__.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/ui_auth/checkers.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/user_directory.py16
-rw-r--r--synapse/http/__init__.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/http/additional_resource.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/http/client.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/http/connectproxyclient.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/http/federation/__init__.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/http/federation/matrix_federation_agent.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/http/federation/srv_resolver.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/http/federation/well_known_resolver.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/http/matrixfederationclient.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/http/proxyagent.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/http/request_metrics.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/http/server.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/http/servlet.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/logging/__init__.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/logging/_remote.py5
-rw-r--r--synapse/logging/_structured.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/logging/_terse_json.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/logging/filter.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/logging/formatter.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/logging/opentracing.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/logging/scopecontextmanager.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/logging/utils.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/metrics/__init__.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/metrics/_exposition.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/metrics/background_process_metrics.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/module_api/__init__.py14
-rw-r--r--synapse/module_api/errors.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/notifier.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/push/__init__.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/push/action_generator.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/push/bulk_push_rule_evaluator.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/push/clientformat.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/push/emailpusher.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/push/httppusher.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/push/mailer.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/push/presentable_names.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/push/push_rule_evaluator.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/push/push_tools.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/push/pusher.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/push/pusherpool.py9
-rw-r--r--synapse/replication/__init__.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/replication/http/__init__.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/replication/http/_base.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/replication/http/account_data.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/replication/http/devices.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/replication/http/federation.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/replication/http/login.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/replication/http/membership.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/replication/http/presence.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/replication/http/push.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/replication/http/register.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/replication/http/send_event.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/replication/http/streams.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/replication/slave/__init__.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/replication/slave/storage/__init__.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/replication/slave/storage/_base.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/replication/slave/storage/_slaved_id_tracker.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/replication/slave/storage/account_data.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/replication/slave/storage/appservice.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/replication/slave/storage/client_ips.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/replication/slave/storage/deviceinbox.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/replication/slave/storage/devices.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/replication/slave/storage/directory.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/replication/slave/storage/events.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/replication/slave/storage/filtering.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/replication/slave/storage/groups.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/replication/slave/storage/keys.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/replication/slave/storage/presence.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/replication/slave/storage/profile.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/replication/slave/storage/push_rule.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/replication/slave/storage/pushers.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/replication/slave/storage/receipts.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/replication/slave/storage/registration.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/replication/slave/storage/room.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/replication/slave/storage/transactions.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/replication/tcp/__init__.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/replication/tcp/client.py233
-rw-r--r--synapse/replication/tcp/commands.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/replication/tcp/external_cache.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/replication/tcp/handler.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/replication/tcp/protocol.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/replication/tcp/redis.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/replication/tcp/resource.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/replication/tcp/streams/__init__.py4
-rw-r--r--synapse/replication/tcp/streams/_base.py25
-rw-r--r--synapse/replication/tcp/streams/events.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/replication/tcp/streams/federation.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/res/templates/account_previously_renewed.html1
-rw-r--r--synapse/res/templates/account_renewed.html2
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/__init__.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/admin/__init__.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/admin/_base.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/admin/devices.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/admin/event_reports.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/admin/groups.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/admin/media.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/admin/purge_room_servlet.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/admin/rooms.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/admin/server_notice_servlet.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/admin/statistics.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/admin/users.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/__init__.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/transactions.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/v1/__init__.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/v1/directory.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/v1/events.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/v1/initial_sync.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/v1/login.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/v1/logout.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/v1/presence.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/v1/profile.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/v1/push_rule.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/v1/pusher.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/v1/room.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/v1/voip.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/__init__.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/_base.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/account.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/account_data.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/account_validity.py33
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/auth.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/capabilities.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/devices.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/filter.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/groups.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/keys.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/notifications.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/openid.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/password_policy.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/read_marker.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/receipts.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/register.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/relations.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/report_event.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/room_keys.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/room_upgrade_rest_servlet.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/sendtodevice.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/shared_rooms.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/sync.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/tags.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/thirdparty.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/tokenrefresh.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/user_directory.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/versions.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/consent/consent_resource.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/health.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/key/__init__.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/key/v2/__init__.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/key/v2/local_key_resource.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/key/v2/remote_key_resource.py4
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/media/v1/__init__.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/media/v1/_base.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/media/v1/config_resource.py3
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/media/v1/download_resource.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/media/v1/filepath.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/media/v1/media_repository.py4
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/media/v1/media_storage.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/media/v1/preview_url_resource.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/media/v1/storage_provider.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/media/v1/thumbnail_resource.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/media/v1/thumbnailer.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/media/v1/upload_resource.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/synapse/__init__.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/synapse/client/__init__.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/synapse/client/new_user_consent.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/synapse/client/oidc/__init__.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/synapse/client/oidc/callback_resource.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/synapse/client/password_reset.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/synapse/client/pick_idp.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/synapse/client/pick_username.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/synapse/client/saml2/__init__.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/synapse/client/saml2/metadata_resource.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/synapse/client/saml2/response_resource.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/synapse/client/sso_register.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/well_known.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/secrets.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/server.py17
-rw-r--r--synapse/server_notices/consent_server_notices.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/server_notices/resource_limits_server_notices.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/server_notices/server_notices_manager.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/server_notices/server_notices_sender.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/server_notices/worker_server_notices_sender.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/spam_checker_api/__init__.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/state/__init__.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/state/v1.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/state/v2.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/__init__.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/_base.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/background_updates.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/database.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/databases/__init__.py1
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687 files changed, 2786 insertions, 1857 deletions
diff --git a/.buildkite/scripts/create_postgres_db.py b/.buildkite/scripts/create_postgres_db.py
index 956339de5c..cc829db216 100755
--- a/.buildkite/scripts/create_postgres_db.py
+++ b/.buildkite/scripts/create_postgres_db.py
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/UPGRADE.rst b/UPGRADE.rst
index 7a9b869055..dc87b84cad 100644
--- a/UPGRADE.rst
+++ b/UPGRADE.rst
@@ -85,6 +85,29 @@ for example:
      wget https://packages.matrix.org/debian/pool/main/m/matrix-synapse-py3/matrix-synapse-py3_1.3.0+stretch1_amd64.deb
      dpkg -i matrix-synapse-py3_1.3.0+stretch1_amd64.deb
 
+Upgrading to v1.33.0
+====================
+
+Account Validity HTML templates can now display a user's expiration date
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+This may affect you if you have enabled the account validity feature, and have made use of a
+custom HTML template specified by the ``account_validity.template_dir`` or ``account_validity.account_renewed_html_path``
+Synapse config options.
+
+The template can now accept an ``expiration_ts`` variable, which represents the unix timestamp in milliseconds for the
+future date of which their account has been renewed until. See the
+`default template <https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/blob/release-v1.33.0/synapse/res/templates/account_renewed.html>`_
+for an example of usage.
+
+ALso note that a new HTML template, ``account_previously_renewed.html``, has been added. This is is shown to users
+when they attempt to renew their account with a valid renewal token that has already been used before. The default
+template contents can been found
+`here <https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/blob/release-v1.33.0/synapse/res/templates/account_previously_renewed.html>`_,
+and can also accept an ``expiration_ts`` variable. This template replaces the error message users would previously see
+upon attempting to use a valid renewal token more than once.
+
+
 Upgrading to v1.32.0
 ====================
 
diff --git a/changelog.d/9162.misc b/changelog.d/9162.misc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1083da8a7a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/9162.misc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Add a dockerfile for running Synapse in worker-mode under Complement.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/changelog.d/9702.misc b/changelog.d/9702.misc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c6e63450a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/9702.misc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Speed up federation transmission by using fewer database calls. Contributed by @ShadowJonathan.
diff --git a/changelog.d/9786.misc b/changelog.d/9786.misc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cf265db749
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/9786.misc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Apply `pyupgrade` across the codebase.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/changelog.d/9788.bugfix b/changelog.d/9788.bugfix
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..edb58fbd5b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/9788.bugfix
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Fix thumbnail generation for some sites with non-standard content types. Contributed by @rkfg.
diff --git a/changelog.d/9796.misc b/changelog.d/9796.misc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..59bb1813c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/9796.misc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Move some replication processing out of `generic_worker`.
diff --git a/changelog.d/9800.feature b/changelog.d/9800.feature
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9404ad2fc0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/9800.feature
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Update experimental support for [MSC3083](https://github.com/matrix-org/matrix-doc/pull/3083): restricting room access via group membership.
diff --git a/changelog.d/9801.doc b/changelog.d/9801.doc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8b8b9d01d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/9801.doc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Add a note to the docker docs mentioning that we mirror upstream's supported Docker platforms.
diff --git a/changelog.d/9802.bugfix b/changelog.d/9802.bugfix
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0c72f7be47
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/9802.bugfix
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Add some sanity checks to identity server passed to 3PID bind/unbind endpoints.
diff --git a/changelog.d/9815.misc b/changelog.d/9815.misc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e33d012d3d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/9815.misc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Replace `HomeServer.get_config()` with inline references.
diff --git a/changelog.d/9819.feature b/changelog.d/9819.feature
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f56b0bb3bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/9819.feature
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Add experimental support for handling presence on a worker.
diff --git a/changelog.d/9821.misc b/changelog.d/9821.misc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..03b2d2ed4d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/9821.misc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Reduce CPU usage of the user directory by reusing existing calculated room membership.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/changelog.d/9825.misc b/changelog.d/9825.misc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..42f3f15619
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/9825.misc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Small speed up for joining large remote rooms.
diff --git a/changelog.d/9828.feature b/changelog.d/9828.feature
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f56b0bb3bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/9828.feature
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Add experimental support for handling presence on a worker.
diff --git a/changelog.d/9832.feature b/changelog.d/9832.feature
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e76395fbe8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/9832.feature
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Don't return an error when a user attempts to renew their account multiple times with the same token. Instead, state when their account is set to expire. This change concerns the optional account validity feature.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/changelog.d/9838.misc b/changelog.d/9838.misc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b98ce56309
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/9838.misc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Introduce flake8-bugbear to the test suite and fix some of its lint violations.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/changelog.d/9850.feature b/changelog.d/9850.feature
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f56b0bb3bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/9850.feature
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Add experimental support for handling presence on a worker.
diff --git a/contrib/cmdclient/http.py b/contrib/cmdclient/http.py
index 1cf913756e..1310f078e3 100644
--- a/contrib/cmdclient/http.py
+++ b/contrib/cmdclient/http.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/contrib/experiments/test_messaging.py b/contrib/experiments/test_messaging.py
index 7fbc7d8fc6..5dd172052b 100644
--- a/contrib/experiments/test_messaging.py
+++ b/contrib/experiments/test_messaging.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
@@ -225,14 +224,16 @@ class HomeServer(ReplicationHandler):
         destinations = yield self.get_servers_for_context(room_name)
 
         try:
-            yield self.replication_layer.send_pdu(
-                Pdu.create_new(
-                    context=room_name,
-                    pdu_type="sy.room.message",
-                    content={"sender": sender, "body": body},
-                    origin=self.server_name,
-                    destinations=destinations,
-                )
+            yield self.replication_layer.send_pdus(
+                [
+                    Pdu.create_new(
+                        context=room_name,
+                        pdu_type="sy.room.message",
+                        content={"sender": sender, "body": body},
+                        origin=self.server_name,
+                        destinations=destinations,
+                    )
+                ]
             )
         except Exception as e:
             logger.exception(e)
@@ -254,7 +255,7 @@ class HomeServer(ReplicationHandler):
                 origin=self.server_name,
                 destinations=destinations,
             )
-            yield self.replication_layer.send_pdu(pdu)
+            yield self.replication_layer.send_pdus([pdu])
         except Exception as e:
             logger.exception(e)
 
@@ -266,16 +267,18 @@ class HomeServer(ReplicationHandler):
         destinations = yield self.get_servers_for_context(room_name)
 
         try:
-            yield self.replication_layer.send_pdu(
-                Pdu.create_new(
-                    context=room_name,
-                    is_state=True,
-                    pdu_type="sy.room.member",
-                    state_key=invitee,
-                    content={"membership": "invite"},
-                    origin=self.server_name,
-                    destinations=destinations,
-                )
+            yield self.replication_layer.send_pdus(
+                [
+                    Pdu.create_new(
+                        context=room_name,
+                        is_state=True,
+                        pdu_type="sy.room.member",
+                        state_key=invitee,
+                        content={"membership": "invite"},
+                        origin=self.server_name,
+                        destinations=destinations,
+                    )
+                ]
             )
         except Exception as e:
             logger.exception(e)
diff --git a/docker/Dockerfile-workers b/docker/Dockerfile-workers
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..969cf97286
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docker/Dockerfile-workers
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+# Inherit from the official Synapse docker image
+FROM matrixdotorg/synapse
+
+# Install deps
+RUN apt-get update
+RUN apt-get install -y supervisor redis nginx
+
+# Remove the default nginx sites
+RUN rm /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default
+
+# Copy Synapse worker, nginx and supervisord configuration template files
+COPY ./docker/conf-workers/* /conf/
+
+# Expose nginx listener port
+EXPOSE 8080/tcp
+
+# Volume for user-editable config files, logs etc.
+VOLUME ["/data"]
+
+# A script to read environment variables and create the necessary
+# files to run the desired worker configuration. Will start supervisord.
+COPY ./docker/configure_workers_and_start.py /configure_workers_and_start.py
+ENTRYPOINT ["/configure_workers_and_start.py"]
diff --git a/docker/README-testing.md b/docker/README-testing.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6a5baf9e28
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docker/README-testing.md
@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+# Running tests against a dockerised Synapse
+
+It's possible to run integration tests against Synapse
+using [Complement](https://github.com/matrix-org/complement). Complement is a Matrix Spec
+compliance test suite for homeservers, and supports any homeserver docker image configured
+to listen on ports 8008/8448. This document contains instructions for building Synapse
+docker images that can be run inside Complement for testing purposes.
+
+Note that running Synapse's unit tests from within the docker image is not supported.
+
+## Testing with SQLite and single-process Synapse
+
+> Note that `scripts-dev/complement.sh` is a script that will automatically build 
+> and run an SQLite-based, single-process of Synapse against Complement.
+
+The instructions below will set up Complement testing for a single-process, 
+SQLite-based Synapse deployment.
+
+Start by building the base Synapse docker image. If you wish to run tests with the latest
+release of Synapse, instead of your current checkout, you can skip this step. From the
+root of the repository:
+
+```sh
+docker build -t matrixdotorg/synapse -f docker/Dockerfile .
+```
+
+This will build an image with the tag `matrixdotorg/synapse`.
+
+Next, build the Synapse image for Complement. You will need a local checkout 
+of Complement. Change to the root of your Complement checkout and run:
+
+```sh
+docker build -t complement-synapse -f "dockerfiles/Synapse.Dockerfile" dockerfiles
+```
+
+This will build an image with the tag `complement-synapse`, which can be handed to 
+Complement for testing via the `COMPLEMENT_BASE_IMAGE` environment variable. Refer to 
+[Complement's documentation](https://github.com/matrix-org/complement/#running) for 
+how to run the tests, as well as the various available command line flags.
+
+## Testing with PostgreSQL and single or multi-process Synapse
+
+The above docker image only supports running Synapse with SQLite and in a 
+single-process topology. The following instructions are used to build a Synapse image for 
+Complement that supports either single or multi-process topology with a PostgreSQL 
+database backend.
+
+As with the single-process image, build the base Synapse docker image. If you wish to run
+tests with the latest release of Synapse, instead of your current checkout, you can skip
+this step. From the root of the repository:
+
+```sh
+docker build -t matrixdotorg/synapse -f docker/Dockerfile .
+```
+
+This will build an image with the tag `matrixdotorg/synapse`.
+
+Next, we build a new image with worker support based on `matrixdotorg/synapse:latest`. 
+Again, from the root of the repository:
+
+```sh
+docker build -t matrixdotorg/synapse-workers -f docker/Dockerfile-workers .
+```
+
+This will build an image with the tag` matrixdotorg/synapse-workers`.
+
+It's worth noting at this point that this image is fully functional, and 
+can be used for testing against locally. See instructions for using the container 
+under
+[Running the Dockerfile-worker image standalone](#running-the-dockerfile-worker-image-standalone)
+below.
+
+Finally, build the Synapse image for Complement, which is based on
+`matrixdotorg/synapse-workers`. You will need a local checkout of Complement. Change to
+the root of your Complement checkout and run:
+
+```sh
+docker build -t matrixdotorg/complement-synapse-workers -f dockerfiles/SynapseWorkers.Dockerfile dockerfiles
+```
+
+This will build an image with the tag `complement-synapse`, which can be handed to
+Complement for testing via the `COMPLEMENT_BASE_IMAGE` environment variable. Refer to
+[Complement's documentation](https://github.com/matrix-org/complement/#running) for
+how to run the tests, as well as the various available command line flags.
+
+## Running the Dockerfile-worker image standalone
+
+For manual testing of a multi-process Synapse instance in Docker,
+[Dockerfile-workers](Dockerfile-workers) is a Dockerfile that will produce an image
+bundling all necessary components together for a workerised homeserver instance.
+
+This includes any desired Synapse worker processes, a nginx to route traffic accordingly,
+a redis for worker communication and a supervisord instance to start up and monitor all
+processes. You will need to provide your own postgres container to connect to, and TLS 
+is not handled by the container.
+
+Once you've built the image using the above instructions, you can run it. Be sure 
+you've set up a volume according to the [usual Synapse docker instructions](README.md).
+Then run something along the lines of:
+
+```
+docker run -d --name synapse \
+    --mount type=volume,src=synapse-data,dst=/data \
+    -p 8008:8008 \
+    -e SYNAPSE_SERVER_NAME=my.matrix.host \
+    -e SYNAPSE_REPORT_STATS=no \
+    -e POSTGRES_HOST=postgres \
+    -e POSTGRES_USER=postgres \
+    -e POSTGRES_PASSWORD=somesecret \
+    -e SYNAPSE_WORKER_TYPES=synchrotron,media_repository,user_dir \
+    -e SYNAPSE_WORKERS_WRITE_LOGS_TO_DISK=1 \
+    matrixdotorg/synapse-workers
+```
+
+...substituting `POSTGRES*` variables for those that match a postgres host you have 
+available (usually a running postgres docker container).
+
+The `SYNAPSE_WORKER_TYPES` environment variable is a comma-separated list of workers to
+use when running the container. All possible worker names are defined by the keys of the
+`WORKERS_CONFIG` variable in [this script](configure_workers_and_start.py), which the
+Dockerfile makes use of to generate appropriate worker, nginx and supervisord config
+files.
+
+Sharding is supported for a subset of workers, in line with the
+[worker documentation](../docs/workers.md). To run multiple instances of a given worker
+type, simply specify the type multiple times in `SYNAPSE_WORKER_TYPES`
+(e.g `SYNAPSE_WORKER_TYPES=event_creator,event_creator...`).
+
+Otherwise, `SYNAPSE_WORKER_TYPES` can either be left empty or unset to spawn no workers
+(leaving only the main process). The container is configured to use redis-based worker
+mode.
+
+Logs for workers and the main process are logged to stdout and can be viewed with 
+standard `docker logs` tooling. Worker logs contain their worker name 
+after the timestamp.
+
+Setting `SYNAPSE_WORKERS_WRITE_LOGS_TO_DISK=1` will cause worker logs to be written to
+`<data_dir>/logs/<worker_name>.log`. Logs are kept for 1 week and rotate every day at 00:
+00, according to the container's clock. Logging for the main process must still be 
+configured by modifying the homeserver's log config in your Synapse data volume.
diff --git a/docker/README.md b/docker/README.md
index 3a7dc585e7..a7d1e670fe 100644
--- a/docker/README.md
+++ b/docker/README.md
@@ -2,13 +2,16 @@
 
 This Docker image will run Synapse as a single process. By default it uses a
 sqlite database; for production use you should connect it to a separate
-postgres database.
+postgres database. The image also does *not* provide a TURN server.
 
-The image also does *not* provide a TURN server.
+This image should work on all platforms that are supported by Docker upstream.
+Note that Docker's WS1-backend Linux Containers on Windows
+platform is [experimental](https://github.com/docker/for-win/issues/6470) and
+is not supported by this image.
 
 ## Volumes
 
-By default, the image expects a single volume, located at ``/data``, that will hold:
+By default, the image expects a single volume, located at `/data`, that will hold:
 
 * configuration files;
 * uploaded media and thumbnails;
@@ -16,11 +19,11 @@ By default, the image expects a single volume, located at ``/data``, that will h
 * the appservices configuration.
 
 You are free to use separate volumes depending on storage endpoints at your
-disposal. For instance, ``/data/media`` could be stored on a large but low
+disposal. For instance, `/data/media` could be stored on a large but low
 performance hdd storage while other files could be stored on high performance
 endpoints.
 
-In order to setup an application service, simply create an ``appservices``
+In order to setup an application service, simply create an `appservices`
 directory in the data volume and write the application service Yaml
 configuration file there. Multiple application services are supported.
 
@@ -53,6 +56,8 @@ The following environment variables are supported in `generate` mode:
 * `SYNAPSE_SERVER_NAME` (mandatory): the server public hostname.
 * `SYNAPSE_REPORT_STATS` (mandatory, `yes` or `no`): whether to enable
   anonymous statistics reporting.
+* `SYNAPSE_HTTP_PORT`: the port Synapse should listen on for http traffic.
+      Defaults to `8008`.
 * `SYNAPSE_CONFIG_DIR`: where additional config files (such as the log config
   and event signing key) will be stored. Defaults to `/data`.
 * `SYNAPSE_CONFIG_PATH`: path to the file to be generated. Defaults to
@@ -73,6 +78,8 @@ docker run -d --name synapse \
     matrixdotorg/synapse:latest
 ```
 
+(assuming 8008 is the port Synapse is configured to listen on for http traffic.)
+
 You can then check that it has started correctly with:
 
 ```
@@ -208,4 +215,4 @@ healthcheck:
 ## Using jemalloc
 
 Jemalloc is embedded in the image and will be used instead of the default allocator.
-You can read about jemalloc by reading the Synapse [README](../README.md)
\ No newline at end of file
+You can read about jemalloc by reading the Synapse [README](../README.md).
diff --git a/docker/conf-workers/nginx.conf.j2 b/docker/conf-workers/nginx.conf.j2
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1081979e06
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docker/conf-workers/nginx.conf.j2
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+# This file contains the base config for the reverse proxy, as part of ../Dockerfile-workers.
+# configure_workers_and_start.py uses and amends to this file depending on the workers
+# that have been selected.
+
+{{ upstream_directives }}
+
+server {
+    # Listen on an unoccupied port number
+    listen 8008;
+    listen [::]:8008;
+
+    server_name localhost;
+
+    # Nginx by default only allows file uploads up to 1M in size
+    # Increase client_max_body_size to match max_upload_size defined in homeserver.yaml
+    client_max_body_size 100M;
+
+{{ worker_locations }}
+
+    # Send all other traffic to the main process
+    location ~* ^(\\/_matrix|\\/_synapse) {
+        proxy_pass http://localhost:8080;
+        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $remote_addr;
+        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
+        proxy_set_header Host $host;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/docker/conf-workers/shared.yaml.j2 b/docker/conf-workers/shared.yaml.j2
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f94b8c6aca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docker/conf-workers/shared.yaml.j2
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# This file contains the base for the shared homeserver config file between Synapse workers,
+# as part of ./Dockerfile-workers.
+# configure_workers_and_start.py uses and amends to this file depending on the workers
+# that have been selected.
+
+redis:
+    enabled: true
+
+{{ shared_worker_config }}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/docker/conf-workers/supervisord.conf.j2 b/docker/conf-workers/supervisord.conf.j2
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0de2c6143b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docker/conf-workers/supervisord.conf.j2
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+# This file contains the base config for supervisord, as part of ../Dockerfile-workers.
+# configure_workers_and_start.py uses and amends to this file depending on the workers
+# that have been selected.
+[supervisord]
+nodaemon=true
+user=root
+
+[program:nginx]
+command=/usr/sbin/nginx -g "daemon off;"
+priority=500
+stdout_logfile=/dev/stdout
+stdout_logfile_maxbytes=0
+stderr_logfile=/dev/stderr
+stderr_logfile_maxbytes=0
+username=www-data
+autorestart=true
+
+[program:redis]
+command=/usr/bin/redis-server /etc/redis/redis.conf --daemonize no
+priority=1
+stdout_logfile=/dev/stdout
+stdout_logfile_maxbytes=0
+stderr_logfile=/dev/stderr
+stderr_logfile_maxbytes=0
+username=redis
+autorestart=true
+
+[program:synapse_main]
+command=/usr/local/bin/python -m synapse.app.homeserver --config-path="{{ main_config_path }}" --config-path=/conf/workers/shared.yaml
+priority=10
+# Log startup failures to supervisord's stdout/err
+# Regular synapse logs will still go in the configured data directory
+stdout_logfile=/dev/stdout
+stdout_logfile_maxbytes=0
+stderr_logfile=/dev/stderr
+stderr_logfile_maxbytes=0
+autorestart=unexpected
+exitcodes=0
+
+# Additional process blocks
+{{ worker_config }}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/docker/conf-workers/worker.yaml.j2 b/docker/conf-workers/worker.yaml.j2
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..42131afc95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docker/conf-workers/worker.yaml.j2
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+# This is a configuration template for a single worker instance, and is
+# used by Dockerfile-workers.
+# Values will be change depending on whichever workers are selected when
+# running that image.
+
+worker_app: "{{ app }}"
+worker_name: "{{ name }}"
+
+# The replication listener on the main synapse process.
+worker_replication_host: 127.0.0.1
+worker_replication_http_port: 9093
+
+worker_listeners:
+  - type: http
+    port: {{ port }}
+{% if listener_resources %}
+    resources:
+      - names:
+{%- for resource in listener_resources %}
+        - {{ resource }}
+{%- endfor %}
+{% endif %}
+
+worker_log_config: {{ worker_log_config_filepath }}
+
+{{ worker_extra_conf }}
diff --git a/docker/conf/homeserver.yaml b/docker/conf/homeserver.yaml
index a792899540..2b23d7f428 100644
--- a/docker/conf/homeserver.yaml
+++ b/docker/conf/homeserver.yaml
@@ -40,7 +40,9 @@ listeners:
         compress: false
   {% endif %}
 
-  - port: 8008
+  # Allow configuring in case we want to reverse proxy 8008
+  # using another process in the same container
+  - port: {{ SYNAPSE_HTTP_PORT or 8008 }}
     tls: false
     bind_addresses: ['::']
     type: http
diff --git a/docker/conf/log.config b/docker/conf/log.config
index 491bbcc87a..34572bc0f3 100644
--- a/docker/conf/log.config
+++ b/docker/conf/log.config
@@ -2,9 +2,34 @@ version: 1
 
 formatters:
   precise:
-   format: '%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(lineno)d - %(levelname)s - %(request)s - %(message)s'
+{% if worker_name %}
+    format: '%(asctime)s - worker:{{ worker_name }} - %(name)s - %(lineno)d - %(levelname)s - %(request)s - %(message)s'
+{% else %}
+    format: '%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(lineno)d - %(levelname)s - %(request)s - %(message)s'
+{% endif %}
 
 handlers:
+  file:
+    class: logging.handlers.TimedRotatingFileHandler
+    formatter: precise
+    filename: {{ LOG_FILE_PATH or "homeserver.log" }}
+    when: "midnight"
+    backupCount: 6  # Does not include the current log file.
+    encoding: utf8
+
+  # Default to buffering writes to log file for efficiency. This means that
+  # there will be a delay for INFO/DEBUG logs to get written, but WARNING/ERROR
+  # logs will still be flushed immediately.
+  buffer:
+    class: logging.handlers.MemoryHandler
+    target: file
+    # The capacity is the number of log lines that are buffered before
+    # being written to disk. Increasing this will lead to better
+    # performance, at the expensive of it taking longer for log lines to
+    # be written to disk.
+    capacity: 10
+    flushLevel: 30  # Flush for WARNING logs as well
+
   console:
     class: logging.StreamHandler
     formatter: precise
@@ -17,6 +42,11 @@ loggers:
 
 root:
     level: {{ SYNAPSE_LOG_LEVEL or "INFO" }}
+
+{% if LOG_FILE_PATH %}
+    handlers: [console, buffer]
+{% else %}
     handlers: [console]
+{% endif %}
 
 disable_existing_loggers: false
diff --git a/docker/configure_workers_and_start.py b/docker/configure_workers_and_start.py
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..4be6afc65d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docker/configure_workers_and_start.py
@@ -0,0 +1,558 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+# Copyright 2021 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+# This script reads environment variables and generates a shared Synapse worker,
+# nginx and supervisord configs depending on the workers requested.
+#
+# The environment variables it reads are:
+#   * SYNAPSE_SERVER_NAME: The desired server_name of the homeserver.
+#   * SYNAPSE_REPORT_STATS: Whether to report stats.
+#   * SYNAPSE_WORKER_TYPES: A comma separated list of worker names as specified in WORKER_CONFIG
+#         below. Leave empty for no workers, or set to '*' for all possible workers.
+#
+# NOTE: According to Complement's ENTRYPOINT expectations for a homeserver image (as defined
+# in the project's README), this script may be run multiple times, and functionality should
+# continue to work if so.
+
+import os
+import subprocess
+import sys
+
+import jinja2
+import yaml
+
+MAIN_PROCESS_HTTP_LISTENER_PORT = 8080
+
+
+WORKERS_CONFIG = {
+    "pusher": {
+        "app": "synapse.app.pusher",
+        "listener_resources": [],
+        "endpoint_patterns": [],
+        "shared_extra_conf": {"start_pushers": False},
+        "worker_extra_conf": "",
+    },
+    "user_dir": {
+        "app": "synapse.app.user_dir",
+        "listener_resources": ["client"],
+        "endpoint_patterns": [
+            "^/_matrix/client/(api/v1|r0|unstable)/user_directory/search$"
+        ],
+        "shared_extra_conf": {"update_user_directory": False},
+        "worker_extra_conf": "",
+    },
+    "media_repository": {
+        "app": "synapse.app.media_repository",
+        "listener_resources": ["media"],
+        "endpoint_patterns": [
+            "^/_matrix/media/",
+            "^/_synapse/admin/v1/purge_media_cache$",
+            "^/_synapse/admin/v1/room/.*/media.*$",
+            "^/_synapse/admin/v1/user/.*/media.*$",
+            "^/_synapse/admin/v1/media/.*$",
+            "^/_synapse/admin/v1/quarantine_media/.*$",
+        ],
+        "shared_extra_conf": {"enable_media_repo": False},
+        "worker_extra_conf": "enable_media_repo: true",
+    },
+    "appservice": {
+        "app": "synapse.app.appservice",
+        "listener_resources": [],
+        "endpoint_patterns": [],
+        "shared_extra_conf": {"notify_appservices": False},
+        "worker_extra_conf": "",
+    },
+    "federation_sender": {
+        "app": "synapse.app.federation_sender",
+        "listener_resources": [],
+        "endpoint_patterns": [],
+        "shared_extra_conf": {"send_federation": False},
+        "worker_extra_conf": "",
+    },
+    "synchrotron": {
+        "app": "synapse.app.generic_worker",
+        "listener_resources": ["client"],
+        "endpoint_patterns": [
+            "^/_matrix/client/(v2_alpha|r0)/sync$",
+            "^/_matrix/client/(api/v1|v2_alpha|r0)/events$",
+            "^/_matrix/client/(api/v1|r0)/initialSync$",
+            "^/_matrix/client/(api/v1|r0)/rooms/[^/]+/initialSync$",
+        ],
+        "shared_extra_conf": {},
+        "worker_extra_conf": "",
+    },
+    "federation_reader": {
+        "app": "synapse.app.generic_worker",
+        "listener_resources": ["federation"],
+        "endpoint_patterns": [
+            "^/_matrix/federation/(v1|v2)/event/",
+            "^/_matrix/federation/(v1|v2)/state/",
+            "^/_matrix/federation/(v1|v2)/state_ids/",
+            "^/_matrix/federation/(v1|v2)/backfill/",
+            "^/_matrix/federation/(v1|v2)/get_missing_events/",
+            "^/_matrix/federation/(v1|v2)/publicRooms",
+            "^/_matrix/federation/(v1|v2)/query/",
+            "^/_matrix/federation/(v1|v2)/make_join/",
+            "^/_matrix/federation/(v1|v2)/make_leave/",
+            "^/_matrix/federation/(v1|v2)/send_join/",
+            "^/_matrix/federation/(v1|v2)/send_leave/",
+            "^/_matrix/federation/(v1|v2)/invite/",
+            "^/_matrix/federation/(v1|v2)/query_auth/",
+            "^/_matrix/federation/(v1|v2)/event_auth/",
+            "^/_matrix/federation/(v1|v2)/exchange_third_party_invite/",
+            "^/_matrix/federation/(v1|v2)/user/devices/",
+            "^/_matrix/federation/(v1|v2)/get_groups_publicised$",
+            "^/_matrix/key/v2/query",
+        ],
+        "shared_extra_conf": {},
+        "worker_extra_conf": "",
+    },
+    "federation_inbound": {
+        "app": "synapse.app.generic_worker",
+        "listener_resources": ["federation"],
+        "endpoint_patterns": ["/_matrix/federation/(v1|v2)/send/"],
+        "shared_extra_conf": {},
+        "worker_extra_conf": "",
+    },
+    "event_persister": {
+        "app": "synapse.app.generic_worker",
+        "listener_resources": ["replication"],
+        "endpoint_patterns": [],
+        "shared_extra_conf": {},
+        "worker_extra_conf": "",
+    },
+    "background_worker": {
+        "app": "synapse.app.generic_worker",
+        "listener_resources": [],
+        "endpoint_patterns": [],
+        # This worker cannot be sharded. Therefore there should only ever be one background
+        # worker, and it should be named background_worker1
+        "shared_extra_conf": {"run_background_tasks_on": "background_worker1"},
+        "worker_extra_conf": "",
+    },
+    "event_creator": {
+        "app": "synapse.app.generic_worker",
+        "listener_resources": ["client"],
+        "endpoint_patterns": [
+            "^/_matrix/client/(api/v1|r0|unstable)/rooms/.*/redact",
+            "^/_matrix/client/(api/v1|r0|unstable)/rooms/.*/send",
+            "^/_matrix/client/(api/v1|r0|unstable)/rooms/.*/(join|invite|leave|ban|unban|kick)$",
+            "^/_matrix/client/(api/v1|r0|unstable)/join/",
+            "^/_matrix/client/(api/v1|r0|unstable)/profile/",
+        ],
+        "shared_extra_conf": {},
+        "worker_extra_conf": "",
+    },
+    "frontend_proxy": {
+        "app": "synapse.app.frontend_proxy",
+        "listener_resources": ["client", "replication"],
+        "endpoint_patterns": ["^/_matrix/client/(api/v1|r0|unstable)/keys/upload"],
+        "shared_extra_conf": {},
+        "worker_extra_conf": (
+            "worker_main_http_uri: http://127.0.0.1:%d"
+            % (MAIN_PROCESS_HTTP_LISTENER_PORT,),
+        ),
+    },
+}
+
+# Templates for sections that may be inserted multiple times in config files
+SUPERVISORD_PROCESS_CONFIG_BLOCK = """
+[program:synapse_{name}]
+command=/usr/local/bin/python -m {app} \
+    --config-path="{config_path}" \
+    --config-path=/conf/workers/shared.yaml \
+    --config-path=/conf/workers/{name}.yaml
+autorestart=unexpected
+priority=500
+exitcodes=0
+stdout_logfile=/dev/stdout
+stdout_logfile_maxbytes=0
+stderr_logfile=/dev/stderr
+stderr_logfile_maxbytes=0
+"""
+
+NGINX_LOCATION_CONFIG_BLOCK = """
+    location ~* {endpoint} {
+        proxy_pass {upstream};
+        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $remote_addr;
+        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
+        proxy_set_header Host $host;
+    }
+"""
+
+NGINX_UPSTREAM_CONFIG_BLOCK = """
+upstream {upstream_worker_type} {
+{body}
+}
+"""
+
+
+# Utility functions
+def log(txt: str):
+    """Log something to the stdout.
+
+    Args:
+        txt: The text to log.
+    """
+    print(txt)
+
+
+def error(txt: str):
+    """Log something and exit with an error code.
+
+    Args:
+        txt: The text to log in error.
+    """
+    log(txt)
+    sys.exit(2)
+
+
+def convert(src: str, dst: str, **template_vars):
+    """Generate a file from a template
+
+    Args:
+        src: Path to the input file.
+        dst: Path to write to.
+        template_vars: The arguments to replace placeholder variables in the template with.
+    """
+    # Read the template file
+    with open(src) as infile:
+        template = infile.read()
+
+    # Generate a string from the template. We disable autoescape to prevent template
+    # variables from being escaped.
+    rendered = jinja2.Template(template, autoescape=False).render(**template_vars)
+
+    # Write the generated contents to a file
+    #
+    # We use append mode in case the files have already been written to by something else
+    # (for instance, as part of the instructions in a dockerfile).
+    with open(dst, "a") as outfile:
+        # In case the existing file doesn't end with a newline
+        outfile.write("\n")
+
+        outfile.write(rendered)
+
+
+def add_sharding_to_shared_config(
+    shared_config: dict,
+    worker_type: str,
+    worker_name: str,
+    worker_port: int,
+) -> None:
+    """Given a dictionary representing a config file shared across all workers,
+    append sharded worker information to it for the current worker_type instance.
+
+    Args:
+        shared_config: The config dict that all worker instances share (after being converted to YAML)
+        worker_type: The type of worker (one of those defined in WORKERS_CONFIG).
+        worker_name: The name of the worker instance.
+        worker_port: The HTTP replication port that the worker instance is listening on.
+    """
+    # The instance_map config field marks the workers that write to various replication streams
+    instance_map = shared_config.setdefault("instance_map", {})
+
+    # Worker-type specific sharding config
+    if worker_type == "pusher":
+        shared_config.setdefault("pusher_instances", []).append(worker_name)
+
+    elif worker_type == "federation_sender":
+        shared_config.setdefault("federation_sender_instances", []).append(worker_name)
+
+    elif worker_type == "event_persister":
+        # Event persisters write to the events stream, so we need to update
+        # the list of event stream writers
+        shared_config.setdefault("stream_writers", {}).setdefault("events", []).append(
+            worker_name
+        )
+
+        # Map of stream writer instance names to host/ports combos
+        instance_map[worker_name] = {
+            "host": "localhost",
+            "port": worker_port,
+        }
+
+    elif worker_type == "media_repository":
+        # The first configured media worker will run the media background jobs
+        shared_config.setdefault("media_instance_running_background_jobs", worker_name)
+
+
+def generate_base_homeserver_config():
+    """Starts Synapse and generates a basic homeserver config, which will later be
+    modified for worker support.
+
+    Raises: CalledProcessError if calling start.py returned a non-zero exit code.
+    """
+    # start.py already does this for us, so just call that.
+    # note that this script is copied in in the official, monolith dockerfile
+    os.environ["SYNAPSE_HTTP_PORT"] = str(MAIN_PROCESS_HTTP_LISTENER_PORT)
+    subprocess.check_output(["/usr/local/bin/python", "/start.py", "migrate_config"])
+
+
+def generate_worker_files(environ, config_path: str, data_dir: str):
+    """Read the desired list of workers from environment variables and generate
+    shared homeserver, nginx and supervisord configs.
+
+    Args:
+        environ: _Environ[str]
+        config_path: Where to output the generated Synapse main worker config file.
+        data_dir: The location of the synapse data directory. Where log and
+            user-facing config files live.
+    """
+    # Note that yaml cares about indentation, so care should be taken to insert lines
+    # into files at the correct indentation below.
+
+    # shared_config is the contents of a Synapse config file that will be shared amongst
+    # the main Synapse process as well as all workers.
+    # It is intended mainly for disabling functionality when certain workers are spun up,
+    # and adding a replication listener.
+
+    # First read the original config file and extract the listeners block. Then we'll add
+    # another listener for replication. Later we'll write out the result.
+    listeners = [
+        {
+            "port": 9093,
+            "bind_address": "127.0.0.1",
+            "type": "http",
+            "resources": [{"names": ["replication"]}],
+        }
+    ]
+    with open(config_path) as file_stream:
+        original_config = yaml.safe_load(file_stream)
+        original_listeners = original_config.get("listeners")
+        if original_listeners:
+            listeners += original_listeners
+
+    # The shared homeserver config. The contents of which will be inserted into the
+    # base shared worker jinja2 template.
+    #
+    # This config file will be passed to all workers, included Synapse's main process.
+    shared_config = {"listeners": listeners}
+
+    # The supervisord config. The contents of which will be inserted into the
+    # base supervisord jinja2 template.
+    #
+    # Supervisord will be in charge of running everything, from redis to nginx to Synapse
+    # and all of its worker processes. Load the config template, which defines a few
+    # services that are necessary to run.
+    supervisord_config = ""
+
+    # Upstreams for load-balancing purposes. This dict takes the form of a worker type to the
+    # ports of each worker. For example:
+    # {
+    #   worker_type: {1234, 1235, ...}}
+    # }
+    # and will be used to construct 'upstream' nginx directives.
+    nginx_upstreams = {}
+
+    # A map of: {"endpoint": "upstream"}, where "upstream" is a str representing what will be
+    # placed after the proxy_pass directive. The main benefit to representing this data as a
+    # dict over a str is that we can easily deduplicate endpoints across multiple instances
+    # of the same worker.
+    #
+    # An nginx site config that will be amended to depending on the workers that are
+    # spun up. To be placed in /etc/nginx/conf.d.
+    nginx_locations = {}
+
+    # Read the desired worker configuration from the environment
+    worker_types = environ.get("SYNAPSE_WORKER_TYPES")
+    if worker_types is None:
+        # No workers, just the main process
+        worker_types = []
+    else:
+        # Split type names by comma
+        worker_types = worker_types.split(",")
+
+    # Create the worker configuration directory if it doesn't already exist
+    os.makedirs("/conf/workers", exist_ok=True)
+
+    # Start worker ports from this arbitrary port
+    worker_port = 18009
+
+    # A counter of worker_type -> int. Used for determining the name for a given
+    # worker type when generating its config file, as each worker's name is just
+    # worker_type + instance #
+    worker_type_counter = {}
+
+    # For each worker type specified by the user, create config values
+    for worker_type in worker_types:
+        worker_type = worker_type.strip()
+
+        worker_config = WORKERS_CONFIG.get(worker_type)
+        if worker_config:
+            worker_config = worker_config.copy()
+        else:
+            log(worker_type + " is an unknown worker type! It will be ignored")
+            continue
+
+        new_worker_count = worker_type_counter.setdefault(worker_type, 0) + 1
+        worker_type_counter[worker_type] = new_worker_count
+
+        # Name workers by their type concatenated with an incrementing number
+        # e.g. federation_reader1
+        worker_name = worker_type + str(new_worker_count)
+        worker_config.update(
+            {"name": worker_name, "port": worker_port, "config_path": config_path}
+        )
+
+        # Update the shared config with any worker-type specific options
+        shared_config.update(worker_config["shared_extra_conf"])
+
+        # Check if more than one instance of this worker type has been specified
+        worker_type_total_count = worker_types.count(worker_type)
+        if worker_type_total_count > 1:
+            # Update the shared config with sharding-related options if necessary
+            add_sharding_to_shared_config(
+                shared_config, worker_type, worker_name, worker_port
+            )
+
+        # Enable the worker in supervisord
+        supervisord_config += SUPERVISORD_PROCESS_CONFIG_BLOCK.format_map(worker_config)
+
+        # Add nginx location blocks for this worker's endpoints (if any are defined)
+        for pattern in worker_config["endpoint_patterns"]:
+            # Determine whether we need to load-balance this worker
+            if worker_type_total_count > 1:
+                # Create or add to a load-balanced upstream for this worker
+                nginx_upstreams.setdefault(worker_type, set()).add(worker_port)
+
+                # Upstreams are named after the worker_type
+                upstream = "http://" + worker_type
+            else:
+                upstream = "http://localhost:%d" % (worker_port,)
+
+            # Note that this endpoint should proxy to this upstream
+            nginx_locations[pattern] = upstream
+
+        # Write out the worker's logging config file
+
+        # Check whether we should write worker logs to disk, in addition to the console
+        extra_log_template_args = {}
+        if environ.get("SYNAPSE_WORKERS_WRITE_LOGS_TO_DISK"):
+            extra_log_template_args["LOG_FILE_PATH"] = "{dir}/logs/{name}.log".format(
+                dir=data_dir, name=worker_name
+            )
+
+        # Render and write the file
+        log_config_filepath = "/conf/workers/{name}.log.config".format(name=worker_name)
+        convert(
+            "/conf/log.config",
+            log_config_filepath,
+            worker_name=worker_name,
+            **extra_log_template_args,
+        )
+
+        # Then a worker config file
+        convert(
+            "/conf/worker.yaml.j2",
+            "/conf/workers/{name}.yaml".format(name=worker_name),
+            **worker_config,
+            worker_log_config_filepath=log_config_filepath,
+        )
+
+        worker_port += 1
+
+    # Build the nginx location config blocks
+    nginx_location_config = ""
+    for endpoint, upstream in nginx_locations.items():
+        nginx_location_config += NGINX_LOCATION_CONFIG_BLOCK.format(
+            endpoint=endpoint,
+            upstream=upstream,
+        )
+
+    # Determine the load-balancing upstreams to configure
+    nginx_upstream_config = ""
+    for upstream_worker_type, upstream_worker_ports in nginx_upstreams.items():
+        body = ""
+        for port in upstream_worker_ports:
+            body += "    server localhost:%d;\n" % (port,)
+
+        # Add to the list of configured upstreams
+        nginx_upstream_config += NGINX_UPSTREAM_CONFIG_BLOCK.format(
+            upstream_worker_type=upstream_worker_type,
+            body=body,
+        )
+
+    # Finally, we'll write out the config files.
+
+    # Shared homeserver config
+    convert(
+        "/conf/shared.yaml.j2",
+        "/conf/workers/shared.yaml",
+        shared_worker_config=yaml.dump(shared_config),
+    )
+
+    # Nginx config
+    convert(
+        "/conf/nginx.conf.j2",
+        "/etc/nginx/conf.d/matrix-synapse.conf",
+        worker_locations=nginx_location_config,
+        upstream_directives=nginx_upstream_config,
+    )
+
+    # Supervisord config
+    convert(
+        "/conf/supervisord.conf.j2",
+        "/etc/supervisor/conf.d/supervisord.conf",
+        main_config_path=config_path,
+        worker_config=supervisord_config,
+    )
+
+    # Ensure the logging directory exists
+    log_dir = data_dir + "/logs"
+    if not os.path.exists(log_dir):
+        os.mkdir(log_dir)
+
+
+def start_supervisord():
+    """Starts up supervisord which then starts and monitors all other necessary processes
+
+    Raises: CalledProcessError if calling start.py return a non-zero exit code.
+    """
+    subprocess.run(["/usr/bin/supervisord"], stdin=subprocess.PIPE)
+
+
+def main(args, environ):
+    config_dir = environ.get("SYNAPSE_CONFIG_DIR", "/data")
+    config_path = environ.get("SYNAPSE_CONFIG_PATH", config_dir + "/homeserver.yaml")
+    data_dir = environ.get("SYNAPSE_DATA_DIR", "/data")
+
+    # override SYNAPSE_NO_TLS, we don't support TLS in worker mode,
+    # this needs to be handled by a frontend proxy
+    environ["SYNAPSE_NO_TLS"] = "yes"
+
+    # Generate the base homeserver config if one does not yet exist
+    if not os.path.exists(config_path):
+        log("Generating base homeserver config")
+        generate_base_homeserver_config()
+
+    # This script may be run multiple times (mostly by Complement, see note at top of file).
+    # Don't re-configure workers in this instance.
+    mark_filepath = "/conf/workers_have_been_configured"
+    if not os.path.exists(mark_filepath):
+        # Always regenerate all other config files
+        generate_worker_files(environ, config_path, data_dir)
+
+        # Mark workers as being configured
+        with open(mark_filepath, "w") as f:
+            f.write("")
+
+    # Start supervisord, which will start Synapse, all of the configured worker
+    # processes, redis, nginx etc. according to the config we created above.
+    start_supervisord()
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main(sys.argv, os.environ)
diff --git a/docs/sample_config.yaml b/docs/sample_config.yaml
index 9182dcd987..d260d76259 100644
--- a/docs/sample_config.yaml
+++ b/docs/sample_config.yaml
@@ -1175,69 +1175,6 @@ url_preview_accept_language:
 #
 #enable_registration: false
 
-# Optional account validity configuration. This allows for accounts to be denied
-# any request after a given period.
-#
-# Once this feature is enabled, Synapse will look for registered users without an
-# expiration date at startup and will add one to every account it found using the
-# current settings at that time.
-# This means that, if a validity period is set, and Synapse is restarted (it will
-# then derive an expiration date from the current validity period), and some time
-# after that the validity period changes and Synapse is restarted, the users'
-# expiration dates won't be updated unless their account is manually renewed. This
-# date will be randomly selected within a range [now + period - d ; now + period],
-# where d is equal to 10% of the validity period.
-#
-account_validity:
-  # The account validity feature is disabled by default. Uncomment the
-  # following line to enable it.
-  #
-  #enabled: true
-
-  # The period after which an account is valid after its registration. When
-  # renewing the account, its validity period will be extended by this amount
-  # of time. This parameter is required when using the account validity
-  # feature.
-  #
-  #period: 6w
-
-  # The amount of time before an account's expiry date at which Synapse will
-  # send an email to the account's email address with a renewal link. By
-  # default, no such emails are sent.
-  #
-  # If you enable this setting, you will also need to fill out the 'email' and
-  # 'public_baseurl' configuration sections.
-  #
-  #renew_at: 1w
-
-  # The subject of the email sent out with the renewal link. '%(app)s' can be
-  # used as a placeholder for the 'app_name' parameter from the 'email'
-  # section.
-  #
-  # Note that the placeholder must be written '%(app)s', including the
-  # trailing 's'.
-  #
-  # If this is not set, a default value is used.
-  #
-  #renew_email_subject: "Renew your %(app)s account"
-
-  # Directory in which Synapse will try to find templates for the HTML files to
-  # serve to the user when trying to renew an account. If not set, default
-  # templates from within the Synapse package will be used.
-  #
-  #template_dir: "res/templates"
-
-  # File within 'template_dir' giving the HTML to be displayed to the user after
-  # they successfully renewed their account. If not set, default text is used.
-  #
-  #account_renewed_html_path: "account_renewed.html"
-
-  # File within 'template_dir' giving the HTML to be displayed when the user
-  # tries to renew an account with an invalid renewal token. If not set,
-  # default text is used.
-  #
-  #invalid_token_html_path: "invalid_token.html"
-
 # Time that a user's session remains valid for, after they log in.
 #
 # Note that this is not currently compatible with guest logins.
@@ -1432,6 +1369,91 @@ account_threepid_delegates:
 #auto_join_rooms_for_guests: false
 
 
+## Account Validity ##
+
+# Optional account validity configuration. This allows for accounts to be denied
+# any request after a given period.
+#
+# Once this feature is enabled, Synapse will look for registered users without an
+# expiration date at startup and will add one to every account it found using the
+# current settings at that time.
+# This means that, if a validity period is set, and Synapse is restarted (it will
+# then derive an expiration date from the current validity period), and some time
+# after that the validity period changes and Synapse is restarted, the users'
+# expiration dates won't be updated unless their account is manually renewed. This
+# date will be randomly selected within a range [now + period - d ; now + period],
+# where d is equal to 10% of the validity period.
+#
+account_validity:
+  # The account validity feature is disabled by default. Uncomment the
+  # following line to enable it.
+  #
+  #enabled: true
+
+  # The period after which an account is valid after its registration. When
+  # renewing the account, its validity period will be extended by this amount
+  # of time. This parameter is required when using the account validity
+  # feature.
+  #
+  #period: 6w
+
+  # The amount of time before an account's expiry date at which Synapse will
+  # send an email to the account's email address with a renewal link. By
+  # default, no such emails are sent.
+  #
+  # If you enable this setting, you will also need to fill out the 'email' and
+  # 'public_baseurl' configuration sections.
+  #
+  #renew_at: 1w
+
+  # The subject of the email sent out with the renewal link. '%(app)s' can be
+  # used as a placeholder for the 'app_name' parameter from the 'email'
+  # section.
+  #
+  # Note that the placeholder must be written '%(app)s', including the
+  # trailing 's'.
+  #
+  # If this is not set, a default value is used.
+  #
+  #renew_email_subject: "Renew your %(app)s account"
+
+  # Directory in which Synapse will try to find templates for the HTML files to
+  # serve to the user when trying to renew an account. If not set, default
+  # templates from within the Synapse package will be used.
+  #
+  # The currently available templates are:
+  #
+  # * account_renewed.html: Displayed to the user after they have successfully
+  #       renewed their account.
+  #
+  # * account_previously_renewed.html: Displayed to the user if they attempt to
+  #       renew their account with a token that is valid, but that has already
+  #       been used. In this case the account is not renewed again.
+  #
+  # * invalid_token.html: Displayed to the user when they try to renew an account
+  #       with an unknown or invalid renewal token.
+  #
+  # See https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/tree/master/synapse/res/templates for
+  # default template contents.
+  #
+  # The file name of some of these templates can be configured below for legacy
+  # reasons.
+  #
+  #template_dir: "res/templates"
+
+  # A custom file name for the 'account_renewed.html' template.
+  #
+  # If not set, the file is assumed to be named "account_renewed.html".
+  #
+  #account_renewed_html_path: "account_renewed.html"
+
+  # A custom file name for the 'invalid_token.html' template.
+  #
+  # If not set, the file is assumed to be named "invalid_token.html".
+  #
+  #invalid_token_html_path: "invalid_token.html"
+
+
 ## Metrics ###
 
 # Enable collection and rendering of performance metrics
diff --git a/scripts-dev/definitions.py b/scripts-dev/definitions.py
index 313860df13..c82ddd9677 100755
--- a/scripts-dev/definitions.py
+++ b/scripts-dev/definitions.py
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
 
     definitions = {}
     for directory in args.directories:
-        for root, dirs, files in os.walk(directory):
+        for root, _, files in os.walk(directory):
             for filename in files:
                 if filename.endswith(".py"):
                     filepath = os.path.join(root, filename)
diff --git a/scripts-dev/list_url_patterns.py b/scripts-dev/list_url_patterns.py
index 26ad7c67f4..e85420dea8 100755
--- a/scripts-dev/list_url_patterns.py
+++ b/scripts-dev/list_url_patterns.py
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ args = parser.parse_args()
 
 
 for directory in args.directories:
-    for root, dirs, files in os.walk(directory):
+    for root, _, files in os.walk(directory):
         for filename in files:
             if filename.endswith(".py"):
                 filepath = os.path.join(root, filename)
diff --git a/scripts-dev/mypy_synapse_plugin.py b/scripts-dev/mypy_synapse_plugin.py
index 18df68305b..1217e14874 100644
--- a/scripts-dev/mypy_synapse_plugin.py
+++ b/scripts-dev/mypy_synapse_plugin.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/scripts-dev/sign_json b/scripts-dev/sign_json
index 44553fb79a..4a43d3f2b0 100755
--- a/scripts-dev/sign_json
+++ b/scripts-dev/sign_json
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python
 #
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/scripts-dev/update_database b/scripts-dev/update_database
index 56365e2b58..87f709b6ed 100755
--- a/scripts-dev/update_database
+++ b/scripts-dev/update_database
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/scripts/export_signing_key b/scripts/export_signing_key
index 8aec9d802b..0ed167ea85 100755
--- a/scripts/export_signing_key
+++ b/scripts/export_signing_key
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/scripts/generate_log_config b/scripts/generate_log_config
index a13a5634a3..e72a0dafb7 100755
--- a/scripts/generate_log_config
+++ b/scripts/generate_log_config
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
 
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/scripts/generate_signing_key.py b/scripts/generate_signing_key.py
index 16d7c4f382..07df25a809 100755
--- a/scripts/generate_signing_key.py
+++ b/scripts/generate_signing_key.py
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/scripts/move_remote_media_to_new_store.py b/scripts/move_remote_media_to_new_store.py
index 8477955a90..875aa4781f 100755
--- a/scripts/move_remote_media_to_new_store.py
+++ b/scripts/move_remote_media_to_new_store.py
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2017 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/scripts/register_new_matrix_user b/scripts/register_new_matrix_user
index 8b9d30877d..00104b9d62 100755
--- a/scripts/register_new_matrix_user
+++ b/scripts/register_new_matrix_user
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/scripts/synapse_port_db b/scripts/synapse_port_db
index 58edf6af6c..b7c1ffc956 100755
--- a/scripts/synapse_port_db
+++ b/scripts/synapse_port_db
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
diff --git a/setup.cfg b/setup.cfg
index 33601b71d5..e5ceb7ed19 100644
--- a/setup.cfg
+++ b/setup.cfg
@@ -18,8 +18,7 @@ ignore =
 #  E203: whitespace before ':' (which is contrary to pep8?)
 #  E731: do not assign a lambda expression, use a def
 #  E501: Line too long (black enforces this for us)
-#  B007: Subsection of the bugbear suite (TODO: add in remaining fixes)
-ignore=W503,W504,E203,E731,E501,B007
+ignore=W503,W504,E203,E731,E501
 
 [isort]
 line_length = 88
diff --git a/stubs/frozendict.pyi b/stubs/frozendict.pyi
index 0368ba4703..24c6f3af77 100644
--- a/stubs/frozendict.pyi
+++ b/stubs/frozendict.pyi
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/stubs/txredisapi.pyi b/stubs/txredisapi.pyi
index 080ca40287..c1a06ae022 100644
--- a/stubs/txredisapi.pyi
+++ b/stubs/txredisapi.pyi
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/__init__.py b/synapse/__init__.py
index 79232c4de1..7e97f5d995 100644
--- a/synapse/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2018-9 New Vector Ltd
 #
diff --git a/synapse/_scripts/register_new_matrix_user.py b/synapse/_scripts/register_new_matrix_user.py
index dfe26dea6d..dae986c788 100644
--- a/synapse/_scripts/register_new_matrix_user.py
+++ b/synapse/_scripts/register_new_matrix_user.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector
 #
diff --git a/synapse/api/__init__.py b/synapse/api/__init__.py
index bfebb0f644..5e83dba2ed 100644
--- a/synapse/api/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/api/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/api/auth.py b/synapse/api/auth.py
index 7d9930ae7b..872fd100cd 100644
--- a/synapse/api/auth.py
+++ b/synapse/api/auth.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014 - 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
@@ -80,7 +79,9 @@ class Auth:
 
         self._auth_blocking = AuthBlocking(self.hs)
 
-        self._account_validity = hs.config.account_validity
+        self._account_validity_enabled = (
+            hs.config.account_validity.account_validity_enabled
+        )
         self._track_appservice_user_ips = hs.config.track_appservice_user_ips
         self._macaroon_secret_key = hs.config.macaroon_secret_key
 
@@ -223,7 +224,7 @@ class Auth:
             shadow_banned = user_info.shadow_banned
 
             # Deny the request if the user account has expired.
-            if self._account_validity.enabled and not allow_expired:
+            if self._account_validity_enabled and not allow_expired:
                 if await self.store.is_account_expired(
                     user_info.user_id, self.clock.time_msec()
                 ):
diff --git a/synapse/api/auth_blocking.py b/synapse/api/auth_blocking.py
index d8088f524a..a8df60cb89 100644
--- a/synapse/api/auth_blocking.py
+++ b/synapse/api/auth_blocking.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/api/constants.py b/synapse/api/constants.py
index a8ae41de48..31a59bceec 100644
--- a/synapse/api/constants.py
+++ b/synapse/api/constants.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2017 Vector Creations Ltd
 # Copyright 2018-2019 New Vector Ltd
diff --git a/synapse/api/errors.py b/synapse/api/errors.py
index 2a789ea3e8..0231c79079 100644
--- a/synapse/api/errors.py
+++ b/synapse/api/errors.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
diff --git a/synapse/api/filtering.py b/synapse/api/filtering.py
index 5caf336fd0..ce49a0ad58 100644
--- a/synapse/api/filtering.py
+++ b/synapse/api/filtering.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2017 Vector Creations Ltd
 # Copyright 2018-2019 New Vector Ltd
diff --git a/synapse/api/presence.py b/synapse/api/presence.py
index b9a8e29460..a3bf0348d1 100644
--- a/synapse/api/presence.py
+++ b/synapse/api/presence.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/api/room_versions.py b/synapse/api/room_versions.py
index 87038d436d..c9f9596ada 100644
--- a/synapse/api/room_versions.py
+++ b/synapse/api/room_versions.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/api/urls.py b/synapse/api/urls.py
index 6379c86dde..4b1f213c75 100644
--- a/synapse/api/urls.py
+++ b/synapse/api/urls.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
diff --git a/synapse/app/__init__.py b/synapse/app/__init__.py
index d1a2cd5e19..f9940491e8 100644
--- a/synapse/app/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/app/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/app/_base.py b/synapse/app/_base.py
index 3912c8994c..2113c4f370 100644
--- a/synapse/app/_base.py
+++ b/synapse/app/_base.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2017 New Vector Ltd
 # Copyright 2019-2021 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C
 #
diff --git a/synapse/app/admin_cmd.py b/synapse/app/admin_cmd.py
index 9f99651aa2..eb256db749 100644
--- a/synapse/app/admin_cmd.py
+++ b/synapse/app/admin_cmd.py
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/app/appservice.py b/synapse/app/appservice.py
index add43147b3..2d50060ffb 100644
--- a/synapse/app/appservice.py
+++ b/synapse/app/appservice.py
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/app/client_reader.py b/synapse/app/client_reader.py
index add43147b3..2d50060ffb 100644
--- a/synapse/app/client_reader.py
+++ b/synapse/app/client_reader.py
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/app/event_creator.py b/synapse/app/event_creator.py
index e9c098c4e7..57af28f10a 100644
--- a/synapse/app/event_creator.py
+++ b/synapse/app/event_creator.py
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/app/federation_reader.py b/synapse/app/federation_reader.py
index add43147b3..2d50060ffb 100644
--- a/synapse/app/federation_reader.py
+++ b/synapse/app/federation_reader.py
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/app/federation_sender.py b/synapse/app/federation_sender.py
index add43147b3..2d50060ffb 100644
--- a/synapse/app/federation_sender.py
+++ b/synapse/app/federation_sender.py
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/app/frontend_proxy.py b/synapse/app/frontend_proxy.py
index add43147b3..2d50060ffb 100644
--- a/synapse/app/frontend_proxy.py
+++ b/synapse/app/frontend_proxy.py
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/app/generic_worker.py b/synapse/app/generic_worker.py
index d1c2079233..26c458dbb6 100644
--- a/synapse/app/generic_worker.py
+++ b/synapse/app/generic_worker.py
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
@@ -14,12 +13,9 @@
 # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
-import contextlib
 import logging
 import sys
-from typing import Dict, Iterable, Optional, Set
-
-from typing_extensions import ContextManager
+from typing import Dict, Iterable, Optional
 
 from twisted.internet import address
 from twisted.web.resource import IResource
@@ -41,24 +37,13 @@ from synapse.config._base import ConfigError
 from synapse.config.homeserver import HomeServerConfig
 from synapse.config.logger import setup_logging
 from synapse.config.server import ListenerConfig
-from synapse.federation import send_queue
 from synapse.federation.transport.server import TransportLayerServer
-from synapse.handlers.presence import (
-    BasePresenceHandler,
-    PresenceState,
-    get_interested_parties,
-)
 from synapse.http.server import JsonResource, OptionsResource
 from synapse.http.servlet import RestServlet, parse_json_object_from_request
 from synapse.http.site import SynapseSite
 from synapse.logging.context import LoggingContext
 from synapse.metrics import METRICS_PREFIX, MetricsResource, RegistryProxy
-from synapse.metrics.background_process_metrics import run_as_background_process
 from synapse.replication.http import REPLICATION_PREFIX, ReplicationRestResource
-from synapse.replication.http.presence import (
-    ReplicationBumpPresenceActiveTime,
-    ReplicationPresenceSetState,
-)
 from synapse.replication.slave.storage._base import BaseSlavedStore
 from synapse.replication.slave.storage.account_data import SlavedAccountDataStore
 from synapse.replication.slave.storage.appservice import SlavedApplicationServiceStore
@@ -78,19 +63,6 @@ from synapse.replication.slave.storage.receipts import SlavedReceiptsStore
 from synapse.replication.slave.storage.registration import SlavedRegistrationStore
 from synapse.replication.slave.storage.room import RoomStore
 from synapse.replication.slave.storage.transactions import SlavedTransactionStore
-from synapse.replication.tcp.client import ReplicationDataHandler
-from synapse.replication.tcp.commands import ClearUserSyncsCommand
-from synapse.replication.tcp.streams import (
-    AccountDataStream,
-    DeviceListsStream,
-    GroupServerStream,
-    PresenceStream,
-    PushersStream,
-    PushRulesStream,
-    ReceiptsStream,
-    TagAccountDataStream,
-    ToDeviceStream,
-)
 from synapse.rest.admin import register_servlets_for_media_repo
 from synapse.rest.client.v1 import events, login, room
 from synapse.rest.client.v1.initial_sync import InitialSyncRestServlet
@@ -129,7 +101,7 @@ from synapse.rest.client.versions import VersionsRestServlet
 from synapse.rest.health import HealthResource
 from synapse.rest.key.v2 import KeyApiV2Resource
 from synapse.rest.synapse.client import build_synapse_client_resource_tree
-from synapse.server import HomeServer, cache_in_self
+from synapse.server import HomeServer
 from synapse.storage.databases.main.censor_events import CensorEventsStore
 from synapse.storage.databases.main.client_ips import ClientIpWorkerStore
 from synapse.storage.databases.main.e2e_room_keys import EndToEndRoomKeyStore
@@ -138,14 +110,11 @@ from synapse.storage.databases.main.metrics import ServerMetricsStore
 from synapse.storage.databases.main.monthly_active_users import (
     MonthlyActiveUsersWorkerStore,
 )
-from synapse.storage.databases.main.presence import UserPresenceState
 from synapse.storage.databases.main.search import SearchWorkerStore
 from synapse.storage.databases.main.stats import StatsStore
 from synapse.storage.databases.main.transactions import TransactionWorkerStore
 from synapse.storage.databases.main.ui_auth import UIAuthWorkerStore
 from synapse.storage.databases.main.user_directory import UserDirectoryStore
-from synapse.types import ReadReceipt
-from synapse.util.async_helpers import Linearizer
 from synapse.util.httpresourcetree import create_resource_tree
 from synapse.util.versionstring import get_version_string
 
@@ -265,214 +234,6 @@ class KeyUploadServlet(RestServlet):
             return 200, {"one_time_key_counts": result}
 
 
-class _NullContextManager(ContextManager[None]):
-    """A context manager which does nothing."""
-
-    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):
-        pass
-
-
-UPDATE_SYNCING_USERS_MS = 10 * 1000
-
-
-class GenericWorkerPresence(BasePresenceHandler):
-    def __init__(self, hs):
-        super().__init__(hs)
-        self.hs = hs
-        self.is_mine_id = hs.is_mine_id
-
-        self.presence_router = hs.get_presence_router()
-        self._presence_enabled = hs.config.use_presence
-
-        # The number of ongoing syncs on this process, by user id.
-        # Empty if _presence_enabled is false.
-        self._user_to_num_current_syncs = {}  # type: Dict[str, int]
-
-        self.notifier = hs.get_notifier()
-        self.instance_id = hs.get_instance_id()
-
-        # user_id -> last_sync_ms. Lists the users that have stopped syncing
-        # but we haven't notified the master of that yet
-        self.users_going_offline = {}
-
-        self._bump_active_client = ReplicationBumpPresenceActiveTime.make_client(hs)
-        self._set_state_client = ReplicationPresenceSetState.make_client(hs)
-
-        self._send_stop_syncing_loop = self.clock.looping_call(
-            self.send_stop_syncing, UPDATE_SYNCING_USERS_MS
-        )
-
-        self._busy_presence_enabled = hs.config.experimental.msc3026_enabled
-
-        hs.get_reactor().addSystemEventTrigger(
-            "before",
-            "shutdown",
-            run_as_background_process,
-            "generic_presence.on_shutdown",
-            self._on_shutdown,
-        )
-
-    def _on_shutdown(self):
-        if self._presence_enabled:
-            self.hs.get_tcp_replication().send_command(
-                ClearUserSyncsCommand(self.instance_id)
-            )
-
-    def send_user_sync(self, user_id, is_syncing, last_sync_ms):
-        if self._presence_enabled:
-            self.hs.get_tcp_replication().send_user_sync(
-                self.instance_id, user_id, is_syncing, last_sync_ms
-            )
-
-    def mark_as_coming_online(self, user_id):
-        """A user has started syncing. Send a UserSync to the master, unless they
-        had recently stopped syncing.
-
-        Args:
-            user_id (str)
-        """
-        going_offline = self.users_going_offline.pop(user_id, None)
-        if not going_offline:
-            # Safe to skip because we haven't yet told the master they were offline
-            self.send_user_sync(user_id, True, self.clock.time_msec())
-
-    def mark_as_going_offline(self, user_id):
-        """A user has stopped syncing. We wait before notifying the master as
-        its likely they'll come back soon. This allows us to avoid sending
-        a stopped syncing immediately followed by a started syncing notification
-        to the master
-
-        Args:
-            user_id (str)
-        """
-        self.users_going_offline[user_id] = self.clock.time_msec()
-
-    def send_stop_syncing(self):
-        """Check if there are any users who have stopped syncing a while ago
-        and haven't come back yet. If there are poke the master about them.
-        """
-        now = self.clock.time_msec()
-        for user_id, last_sync_ms in list(self.users_going_offline.items()):
-            if now - last_sync_ms > UPDATE_SYNCING_USERS_MS:
-                self.users_going_offline.pop(user_id, None)
-                self.send_user_sync(user_id, False, last_sync_ms)
-
-    async def user_syncing(
-        self, user_id: str, affect_presence: bool
-    ) -> ContextManager[None]:
-        """Record that a user is syncing.
-
-        Called by the sync and events servlets to record that a user has connected to
-        this worker and is waiting for some events.
-        """
-        if not affect_presence or not self._presence_enabled:
-            return _NullContextManager()
-
-        curr_sync = self._user_to_num_current_syncs.get(user_id, 0)
-        self._user_to_num_current_syncs[user_id] = curr_sync + 1
-
-        # If we went from no in flight sync to some, notify replication
-        if self._user_to_num_current_syncs[user_id] == 1:
-            self.mark_as_coming_online(user_id)
-
-        def _end():
-            # We check that the user_id is in user_to_num_current_syncs because
-            # user_to_num_current_syncs may have been cleared if we are
-            # shutting down.
-            if user_id in self._user_to_num_current_syncs:
-                self._user_to_num_current_syncs[user_id] -= 1
-
-                # If we went from one in flight sync to non, notify replication
-                if self._user_to_num_current_syncs[user_id] == 0:
-                    self.mark_as_going_offline(user_id)
-
-        @contextlib.contextmanager
-        def _user_syncing():
-            try:
-                yield
-            finally:
-                _end()
-
-        return _user_syncing()
-
-    async def notify_from_replication(self, states, stream_id):
-        parties = await get_interested_parties(self.store, self.presence_router, states)
-        room_ids_to_states, users_to_states = parties
-
-        self.notifier.on_new_event(
-            "presence_key",
-            stream_id,
-            rooms=room_ids_to_states.keys(),
-            users=users_to_states.keys(),
-        )
-
-    async def process_replication_rows(self, token, rows):
-        states = [
-            UserPresenceState(
-                row.user_id,
-                row.state,
-                row.last_active_ts,
-                row.last_federation_update_ts,
-                row.last_user_sync_ts,
-                row.status_msg,
-                row.currently_active,
-            )
-            for row in rows
-        ]
-
-        for state in states:
-            self.user_to_current_state[state.user_id] = state
-
-        stream_id = token
-        await self.notify_from_replication(states, stream_id)
-
-    def get_currently_syncing_users_for_replication(self) -> Iterable[str]:
-        return [
-            user_id
-            for user_id, count in self._user_to_num_current_syncs.items()
-            if count > 0
-        ]
-
-    async def set_state(self, target_user, state, ignore_status_msg=False):
-        """Set the presence state of the user."""
-        presence = state["presence"]
-
-        valid_presence = (
-            PresenceState.ONLINE,
-            PresenceState.UNAVAILABLE,
-            PresenceState.OFFLINE,
-            PresenceState.BUSY,
-        )
-
-        if presence not in valid_presence or (
-            presence == PresenceState.BUSY and not self._busy_presence_enabled
-        ):
-            raise SynapseError(400, "Invalid presence state")
-
-        user_id = target_user.to_string()
-
-        # If presence is disabled, no-op
-        if not self.hs.config.use_presence:
-            return
-
-        # Proxy request to master
-        await self._set_state_client(
-            user_id=user_id, state=state, ignore_status_msg=ignore_status_msg
-        )
-
-    async def bump_presence_active_time(self, user):
-        """We've seen the user do something that indicates they're interacting
-        with the app.
-        """
-        # If presence is disabled, no-op
-        if not self.hs.config.use_presence:
-            return
-
-        # Proxy request to master
-        user_id = user.to_string()
-        await self._bump_active_client(user_id=user_id)
-
-
 class GenericWorkerSlavedStore(
     # FIXME(#3714): We need to add UserDirectoryStore as we write directly
     # rather than going via the correct worker.
@@ -644,7 +405,7 @@ class GenericWorkerServer(HomeServer):
                     listener.bind_addresses, listener.port, manhole_globals={"hs": self}
                 )
             elif listener.type == "metrics":
-                if not self.get_config().enable_metrics:
+                if not self.config.enable_metrics:
                     logger.warning(
                         (
                             "Metrics listener configured, but "
@@ -658,234 +419,6 @@ class GenericWorkerServer(HomeServer):
 
         self.get_tcp_replication().start_replication(self)
 
-    @cache_in_self
-    def get_replication_data_handler(self):
-        return GenericWorkerReplicationHandler(self)
-
-    @cache_in_self
-    def get_presence_handler(self):
-        return GenericWorkerPresence(self)
-
-
-class GenericWorkerReplicationHandler(ReplicationDataHandler):
-    def __init__(self, hs):
-        super().__init__(hs)
-
-        self.store = hs.get_datastore()
-        self.presence_handler = hs.get_presence_handler()  # type: GenericWorkerPresence
-        self.notifier = hs.get_notifier()
-
-        self.notify_pushers = hs.config.start_pushers
-        self.pusher_pool = hs.get_pusherpool()
-
-        self.send_handler = None  # type: Optional[FederationSenderHandler]
-        if hs.config.send_federation:
-            self.send_handler = FederationSenderHandler(hs)
-
-    async def on_rdata(self, stream_name, instance_name, token, rows):
-        await super().on_rdata(stream_name, instance_name, token, rows)
-        await self._process_and_notify(stream_name, instance_name, token, rows)
-
-    async def _process_and_notify(self, stream_name, instance_name, token, rows):
-        try:
-            if self.send_handler:
-                await self.send_handler.process_replication_rows(
-                    stream_name, token, rows
-                )
-
-            if stream_name == PushRulesStream.NAME:
-                self.notifier.on_new_event(
-                    "push_rules_key", token, users=[row.user_id for row in rows]
-                )
-            elif stream_name in (AccountDataStream.NAME, TagAccountDataStream.NAME):
-                self.notifier.on_new_event(
-                    "account_data_key", token, users=[row.user_id for row in rows]
-                )
-            elif stream_name == ReceiptsStream.NAME:
-                self.notifier.on_new_event(
-                    "receipt_key", token, rooms=[row.room_id for row in rows]
-                )
-                await self.pusher_pool.on_new_receipts(
-                    token, token, {row.room_id for row in rows}
-                )
-            elif stream_name == ToDeviceStream.NAME:
-                entities = [row.entity for row in rows if row.entity.startswith("@")]
-                if entities:
-                    self.notifier.on_new_event("to_device_key", token, users=entities)
-            elif stream_name == DeviceListsStream.NAME:
-                all_room_ids = set()  # type: Set[str]
-                for row in rows:
-                    if row.entity.startswith("@"):
-                        room_ids = await self.store.get_rooms_for_user(row.entity)
-                        all_room_ids.update(room_ids)
-                self.notifier.on_new_event("device_list_key", token, rooms=all_room_ids)
-            elif stream_name == PresenceStream.NAME:
-                await self.presence_handler.process_replication_rows(token, rows)
-            elif stream_name == GroupServerStream.NAME:
-                self.notifier.on_new_event(
-                    "groups_key", token, users=[row.user_id for row in rows]
-                )
-            elif stream_name == PushersStream.NAME:
-                for row in rows:
-                    if row.deleted:
-                        self.stop_pusher(row.user_id, row.app_id, row.pushkey)
-                    else:
-                        await self.start_pusher(row.user_id, row.app_id, row.pushkey)
-        except Exception:
-            logger.exception("Error processing replication")
-
-    async def on_position(self, stream_name: str, instance_name: str, token: int):
-        await super().on_position(stream_name, instance_name, token)
-        # Also call on_rdata to ensure that stream positions are properly reset.
-        await self.on_rdata(stream_name, instance_name, token, [])
-
-    def stop_pusher(self, user_id, app_id, pushkey):
-        if not self.notify_pushers:
-            return
-
-        key = "%s:%s" % (app_id, pushkey)
-        pushers_for_user = self.pusher_pool.pushers.get(user_id, {})
-        pusher = pushers_for_user.pop(key, None)
-        if pusher is None:
-            return
-        logger.info("Stopping pusher %r / %r", user_id, key)
-        pusher.on_stop()
-
-    async def start_pusher(self, user_id, app_id, pushkey):
-        if not self.notify_pushers:
-            return
-
-        key = "%s:%s" % (app_id, pushkey)
-        logger.info("Starting pusher %r / %r", user_id, key)
-        return await self.pusher_pool.start_pusher_by_id(app_id, pushkey, user_id)
-
-    def on_remote_server_up(self, server: str):
-        """Called when get a new REMOTE_SERVER_UP command."""
-
-        # Let's wake up the transaction queue for the server in case we have
-        # pending stuff to send to it.
-        if self.send_handler:
-            self.send_handler.wake_destination(server)
-
-
-class FederationSenderHandler:
-    """Processes the fedration replication stream
-
-    This class is only instantiate on the worker responsible for sending outbound
-    federation transactions. It receives rows from the replication stream and forwards
-    the appropriate entries to the FederationSender class.
-    """
-
-    def __init__(self, hs: GenericWorkerServer):
-        self.store = hs.get_datastore()
-        self._is_mine_id = hs.is_mine_id
-        self.federation_sender = hs.get_federation_sender()
-        self._hs = hs
-
-        # Stores the latest position in the federation stream we've gotten up
-        # to. This is always set before we use it.
-        self.federation_position = None
-
-        self._fed_position_linearizer = Linearizer(name="_fed_position_linearizer")
-
-    def wake_destination(self, server: str):
-        self.federation_sender.wake_destination(server)
-
-    async def process_replication_rows(self, stream_name, token, rows):
-        # The federation stream contains things that we want to send out, e.g.
-        # presence, typing, etc.
-        if stream_name == "federation":
-            send_queue.process_rows_for_federation(self.federation_sender, rows)
-            await self.update_token(token)
-
-        # ... and when new receipts happen
-        elif stream_name == ReceiptsStream.NAME:
-            await self._on_new_receipts(rows)
-
-        # ... as well as device updates and messages
-        elif stream_name == DeviceListsStream.NAME:
-            # The entities are either user IDs (starting with '@') whose devices
-            # have changed, or remote servers that we need to tell about
-            # changes.
-            hosts = {row.entity for row in rows if not row.entity.startswith("@")}
-            for host in hosts:
-                self.federation_sender.send_device_messages(host)
-
-        elif stream_name == ToDeviceStream.NAME:
-            # The to_device stream includes stuff to be pushed to both local
-            # clients and remote servers, so we ignore entities that start with
-            # '@' (since they'll be local users rather than destinations).
-            hosts = {row.entity for row in rows if not row.entity.startswith("@")}
-            for host in hosts:
-                self.federation_sender.send_device_messages(host)
-
-    async def _on_new_receipts(self, rows):
-        """
-        Args:
-            rows (Iterable[synapse.replication.tcp.streams.ReceiptsStream.ReceiptsStreamRow]):
-                new receipts to be processed
-        """
-        for receipt in rows:
-            # we only want to send on receipts for our own users
-            if not self._is_mine_id(receipt.user_id):
-                continue
-            receipt_info = ReadReceipt(
-                receipt.room_id,
-                receipt.receipt_type,
-                receipt.user_id,
-                [receipt.event_id],
-                receipt.data,
-            )
-            await self.federation_sender.send_read_receipt(receipt_info)
-
-    async def update_token(self, token):
-        """Update the record of where we have processed to in the federation stream.
-
-        Called after we have processed a an update received over replication. Sends
-        a FEDERATION_ACK back to the master, and stores the token that we have processed
-         in `federation_stream_position` so that we can restart where we left off.
-        """
-        self.federation_position = token
-
-        # We save and send the ACK to master asynchronously, so we don't block
-        # processing on persistence. We don't need to do this operation for
-        # every single RDATA we receive, we just need to do it periodically.
-
-        if self._fed_position_linearizer.is_queued(None):
-            # There is already a task queued up to save and send the token, so
-            # no need to queue up another task.
-            return
-
-        run_as_background_process("_save_and_send_ack", self._save_and_send_ack)
-
-    async def _save_and_send_ack(self):
-        """Save the current federation position in the database and send an ACK
-        to master with where we're up to.
-        """
-        try:
-            # We linearize here to ensure we don't have races updating the token
-            #
-            # XXX this appears to be redundant, since the ReplicationCommandHandler
-            # has a linearizer which ensures that we only process one line of
-            # replication data at a time. Should we remove it, or is it doing useful
-            # service for robustness? Or could we replace it with an assertion that
-            # we're not being re-entered?
-
-            with (await self._fed_position_linearizer.queue(None)):
-                # We persist and ack the same position, so we take a copy of it
-                # here as otherwise it can get modified from underneath us.
-                current_position = self.federation_position
-
-                await self.store.update_federation_out_pos(
-                    "federation", current_position
-                )
-
-                # We ACK this token over replication so that the master can drop
-                # its in memory queues
-                self._hs.get_tcp_replication().send_federation_ack(current_position)
-        except Exception:
-            logger.exception("Error updating federation stream position")
-
 
 def start(config_options):
     try:
diff --git a/synapse/app/homeserver.py b/synapse/app/homeserver.py
index 3bfe9d507f..8be8b520eb 100644
--- a/synapse/app/homeserver.py
+++ b/synapse/app/homeserver.py
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
 #
@@ -192,7 +191,7 @@ class SynapseHomeServer(HomeServer):
                 }
             )
 
-            if self.get_config().threepid_behaviour_email == ThreepidBehaviour.LOCAL:
+            if self.config.threepid_behaviour_email == ThreepidBehaviour.LOCAL:
                 from synapse.rest.synapse.client.password_reset import (
                     PasswordResetSubmitTokenResource,
                 )
@@ -231,7 +230,7 @@ class SynapseHomeServer(HomeServer):
             )
 
         if name in ["media", "federation", "client"]:
-            if self.get_config().enable_media_repo:
+            if self.config.enable_media_repo:
                 media_repo = self.get_media_repository_resource()
                 resources.update(
                     {MEDIA_PREFIX: media_repo, LEGACY_MEDIA_PREFIX: media_repo}
@@ -245,7 +244,7 @@ class SynapseHomeServer(HomeServer):
             resources[SERVER_KEY_V2_PREFIX] = KeyApiV2Resource(self)
 
         if name == "webclient":
-            webclient_loc = self.get_config().web_client_location
+            webclient_loc = self.config.web_client_location
 
             if webclient_loc is None:
                 logger.warning(
@@ -266,7 +265,7 @@ class SynapseHomeServer(HomeServer):
                 # https://twistedmatrix.com/trac/ticket/7678
                 resources[WEB_CLIENT_PREFIX] = File(webclient_loc)
 
-        if name == "metrics" and self.get_config().enable_metrics:
+        if name == "metrics" and self.config.enable_metrics:
             resources[METRICS_PREFIX] = MetricsResource(RegistryProxy)
 
         if name == "replication":
@@ -275,9 +274,7 @@ class SynapseHomeServer(HomeServer):
         return resources
 
     def start_listening(self, listeners: Iterable[ListenerConfig]):
-        config = self.get_config()
-
-        if config.redis_enabled:
+        if self.config.redis_enabled:
             # If redis is enabled we connect via the replication command handler
             # in the same way as the workers (since we're effectively a client
             # rather than a server).
@@ -285,7 +282,9 @@ class SynapseHomeServer(HomeServer):
 
         for listener in listeners:
             if listener.type == "http":
-                self._listening_services.extend(self._listener_http(config, listener))
+                self._listening_services.extend(
+                    self._listener_http(self.config, listener)
+                )
             elif listener.type == "manhole":
                 _base.listen_manhole(
                     listener.bind_addresses, listener.port, manhole_globals={"hs": self}
@@ -299,7 +298,7 @@ class SynapseHomeServer(HomeServer):
                 for s in services:
                     reactor.addSystemEventTrigger("before", "shutdown", s.stopListening)
             elif listener.type == "metrics":
-                if not self.get_config().enable_metrics:
+                if not self.config.enable_metrics:
                     logger.warning(
                         (
                             "Metrics listener configured, but "
diff --git a/synapse/app/media_repository.py b/synapse/app/media_repository.py
index add43147b3..2d50060ffb 100644
--- a/synapse/app/media_repository.py
+++ b/synapse/app/media_repository.py
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/app/pusher.py b/synapse/app/pusher.py
index add43147b3..2d50060ffb 100644
--- a/synapse/app/pusher.py
+++ b/synapse/app/pusher.py
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/app/synchrotron.py b/synapse/app/synchrotron.py
index add43147b3..2d50060ffb 100644
--- a/synapse/app/synchrotron.py
+++ b/synapse/app/synchrotron.py
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/app/user_dir.py b/synapse/app/user_dir.py
index 503d44f687..a368efb354 100644
--- a/synapse/app/user_dir.py
+++ b/synapse/app/user_dir.py
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2017 Vector Creations Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/appservice/__init__.py b/synapse/appservice/__init__.py
index 0bfc5e445f..6504c6bd3f 100644
--- a/synapse/appservice/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/appservice/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/appservice/api.py b/synapse/appservice/api.py
index 9d3bbe3b8b..fe04d7a672 100644
--- a/synapse/appservice/api.py
+++ b/synapse/appservice/api.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/appservice/scheduler.py b/synapse/appservice/scheduler.py
index 5203ffe90f..6a2ce99b55 100644
--- a/synapse/appservice/scheduler.py
+++ b/synapse/appservice/scheduler.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/config/__init__.py b/synapse/config/__init__.py
index 1e76e9559d..d2f889159e 100644
--- a/synapse/config/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/config/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/config/__main__.py b/synapse/config/__main__.py
index 65043d5b5b..b5b6735a8f 100644
--- a/synapse/config/__main__.py
+++ b/synapse/config/__main__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/config/_base.py b/synapse/config/_base.py
index ba9cd63cf2..08e2c2c543 100644
--- a/synapse/config/_base.py
+++ b/synapse/config/_base.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2017-2018 New Vector Ltd
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
diff --git a/synapse/config/_base.pyi b/synapse/config/_base.pyi
index e896fd34e2..ddec356a07 100644
--- a/synapse/config/_base.pyi
+++ b/synapse/config/_base.pyi
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 from typing import Any, Iterable, List, Optional
 
 from synapse.config import (
+    account_validity,
     api,
     appservice,
     auth,
@@ -59,6 +60,7 @@ class RootConfig:
     captcha: captcha.CaptchaConfig
     voip: voip.VoipConfig
     registration: registration.RegistrationConfig
+    account_validity: account_validity.AccountValidityConfig
     metrics: metrics.MetricsConfig
     api: api.ApiConfig
     appservice: appservice.AppServiceConfig
diff --git a/synapse/config/_util.py b/synapse/config/_util.py
index 8fce7f6bb1..3edb4b7106 100644
--- a/synapse/config/_util.py
+++ b/synapse/config/_util.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/config/account_validity.py b/synapse/config/account_validity.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c58a7d95a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/config/account_validity.py
@@ -0,0 +1,165 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+from synapse.config._base import Config, ConfigError
+
+
+class AccountValidityConfig(Config):
+    section = "account_validity"
+
+    def read_config(self, config, **kwargs):
+        account_validity_config = config.get("account_validity") or {}
+        self.account_validity_enabled = account_validity_config.get("enabled", False)
+        self.account_validity_renew_by_email_enabled = (
+            "renew_at" in account_validity_config
+        )
+
+        if self.account_validity_enabled:
+            if "period" in account_validity_config:
+                self.account_validity_period = self.parse_duration(
+                    account_validity_config["period"]
+                )
+            else:
+                raise ConfigError("'period' is required when using account validity")
+
+            if "renew_at" in account_validity_config:
+                self.account_validity_renew_at = self.parse_duration(
+                    account_validity_config["renew_at"]
+                )
+
+            if "renew_email_subject" in account_validity_config:
+                self.account_validity_renew_email_subject = account_validity_config[
+                    "renew_email_subject"
+                ]
+            else:
+                self.account_validity_renew_email_subject = "Renew your %(app)s account"
+
+            self.account_validity_startup_job_max_delta = (
+                self.account_validity_period * 10.0 / 100.0
+            )
+
+        if self.account_validity_renew_by_email_enabled:
+            if not self.public_baseurl:
+                raise ConfigError("Can't send renewal emails without 'public_baseurl'")
+
+        # Load account validity templates.
+        account_validity_template_dir = account_validity_config.get("template_dir")
+
+        account_renewed_template_filename = account_validity_config.get(
+            "account_renewed_html_path", "account_renewed.html"
+        )
+        invalid_token_template_filename = account_validity_config.get(
+            "invalid_token_html_path", "invalid_token.html"
+        )
+
+        # Read and store template content
+        (
+            self.account_validity_account_renewed_template,
+            self.account_validity_account_previously_renewed_template,
+            self.account_validity_invalid_token_template,
+        ) = self.read_templates(
+            [
+                account_renewed_template_filename,
+                "account_previously_renewed.html",
+                invalid_token_template_filename,
+            ],
+            account_validity_template_dir,
+        )
+
+    def generate_config_section(self, **kwargs):
+        return """\
+        ## Account Validity ##
+
+        # Optional account validity configuration. This allows for accounts to be denied
+        # any request after a given period.
+        #
+        # Once this feature is enabled, Synapse will look for registered users without an
+        # expiration date at startup and will add one to every account it found using the
+        # current settings at that time.
+        # This means that, if a validity period is set, and Synapse is restarted (it will
+        # then derive an expiration date from the current validity period), and some time
+        # after that the validity period changes and Synapse is restarted, the users'
+        # expiration dates won't be updated unless their account is manually renewed. This
+        # date will be randomly selected within a range [now + period - d ; now + period],
+        # where d is equal to 10% of the validity period.
+        #
+        account_validity:
+          # The account validity feature is disabled by default. Uncomment the
+          # following line to enable it.
+          #
+          #enabled: true
+
+          # The period after which an account is valid after its registration. When
+          # renewing the account, its validity period will be extended by this amount
+          # of time. This parameter is required when using the account validity
+          # feature.
+          #
+          #period: 6w
+
+          # The amount of time before an account's expiry date at which Synapse will
+          # send an email to the account's email address with a renewal link. By
+          # default, no such emails are sent.
+          #
+          # If you enable this setting, you will also need to fill out the 'email' and
+          # 'public_baseurl' configuration sections.
+          #
+          #renew_at: 1w
+
+          # The subject of the email sent out with the renewal link. '%(app)s' can be
+          # used as a placeholder for the 'app_name' parameter from the 'email'
+          # section.
+          #
+          # Note that the placeholder must be written '%(app)s', including the
+          # trailing 's'.
+          #
+          # If this is not set, a default value is used.
+          #
+          #renew_email_subject: "Renew your %(app)s account"
+
+          # Directory in which Synapse will try to find templates for the HTML files to
+          # serve to the user when trying to renew an account. If not set, default
+          # templates from within the Synapse package will be used.
+          #
+          # The currently available templates are:
+          #
+          # * account_renewed.html: Displayed to the user after they have successfully
+          #       renewed their account.
+          #
+          # * account_previously_renewed.html: Displayed to the user if they attempt to
+          #       renew their account with a token that is valid, but that has already
+          #       been used. In this case the account is not renewed again.
+          #
+          # * invalid_token.html: Displayed to the user when they try to renew an account
+          #       with an unknown or invalid renewal token.
+          #
+          # See https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/tree/master/synapse/res/templates for
+          # default template contents.
+          #
+          # The file name of some of these templates can be configured below for legacy
+          # reasons.
+          #
+          #template_dir: "res/templates"
+
+          # A custom file name for the 'account_renewed.html' template.
+          #
+          # If not set, the file is assumed to be named "account_renewed.html".
+          #
+          #account_renewed_html_path: "account_renewed.html"
+
+          # A custom file name for the 'invalid_token.html' template.
+          #
+          # If not set, the file is assumed to be named "invalid_token.html".
+          #
+          #invalid_token_html_path: "invalid_token.html"
+        """
diff --git a/synapse/config/auth.py b/synapse/config/auth.py
index 9aabaadf9e..e10d641a96 100644
--- a/synapse/config/auth.py
+++ b/synapse/config/auth.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
diff --git a/synapse/config/cache.py b/synapse/config/cache.py
index 4e8abbf88a..41b9b3f51f 100644
--- a/synapse/config/cache.py
+++ b/synapse/config/cache.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/config/cas.py b/synapse/config/cas.py
index dbf5085965..901f4123e1 100644
--- a/synapse/config/cas.py
+++ b/synapse/config/cas.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/config/consent_config.py b/synapse/config/consent_config.py
index c47f364b14..30d07cc219 100644
--- a/synapse/config/consent_config.py
+++ b/synapse/config/consent_config.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/config/database.py b/synapse/config/database.py
index e7889b9c20..79a02706b4 100644
--- a/synapse/config/database.py
+++ b/synapse/config/database.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
diff --git a/synapse/config/emailconfig.py b/synapse/config/emailconfig.py
index 52505ac5d2..5564d7d097 100644
--- a/synapse/config/emailconfig.py
+++ b/synapse/config/emailconfig.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2017-2018 New Vector Ltd
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
@@ -300,7 +299,7 @@ class EmailConfig(Config):
                 "client_base_url", email_config.get("riot_base_url", None)
             )
 
-        if self.account_validity.renew_by_email_enabled:
+        if self.account_validity_renew_by_email_enabled:
             expiry_template_html = email_config.get(
                 "expiry_template_html", "notice_expiry.html"
             )
diff --git a/synapse/config/experimental.py b/synapse/config/experimental.py
index eb96ecda74..a693fba877 100644
--- a/synapse/config/experimental.py
+++ b/synapse/config/experimental.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2021 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/config/federation.py b/synapse/config/federation.py
index 55e4db5442..090ba047fa 100644
--- a/synapse/config/federation.py
+++ b/synapse/config/federation.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/config/groups.py b/synapse/config/groups.py
index 7b7860ea71..15c2e64bda 100644
--- a/synapse/config/groups.py
+++ b/synapse/config/groups.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2017 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/config/homeserver.py b/synapse/config/homeserver.py
index 64a2429f77..58e3bcd511 100644
--- a/synapse/config/homeserver.py
+++ b/synapse/config/homeserver.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
@@ -13,8 +12,8 @@
 # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
-
 from ._base import RootConfig
+from .account_validity import AccountValidityConfig
 from .api import ApiConfig
 from .appservice import AppServiceConfig
 from .auth import AuthConfig
@@ -69,6 +68,7 @@ class HomeServerConfig(RootConfig):
         CaptchaConfig,
         VoipConfig,
         RegistrationConfig,
+        AccountValidityConfig,
         MetricsConfig,
         ApiConfig,
         AppServiceConfig,
diff --git a/synapse/config/jwt_config.py b/synapse/config/jwt_config.py
index f30330abb6..9e07e73008 100644
--- a/synapse/config/jwt_config.py
+++ b/synapse/config/jwt_config.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015 Niklas Riekenbrauck
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/config/key.py b/synapse/config/key.py
index 350ff1d665..94a9063043 100644
--- a/synapse/config/key.py
+++ b/synapse/config/key.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
diff --git a/synapse/config/logger.py b/synapse/config/logger.py
index 999aecce5c..b174e0df6d 100644
--- a/synapse/config/logger.py
+++ b/synapse/config/logger.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/config/metrics.py b/synapse/config/metrics.py
index 2b289f4208..7ac82edb0e 100644
--- a/synapse/config/metrics.py
+++ b/synapse/config/metrics.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
diff --git a/synapse/config/oidc_config.py b/synapse/config/oidc_config.py
index 05733ec41d..5fb94376fd 100644
--- a/synapse/config/oidc_config.py
+++ b/synapse/config/oidc_config.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 Quentin Gliech
 # Copyright 2020-2021 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
diff --git a/synapse/config/password_auth_providers.py b/synapse/config/password_auth_providers.py
index 85d07c4f8f..1cf69734bb 100644
--- a/synapse/config/password_auth_providers.py
+++ b/synapse/config/password_auth_providers.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016 Openmarket
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/config/push.py b/synapse/config/push.py
index 7831a2ef79..6ef8491caf 100644
--- a/synapse/config/push.py
+++ b/synapse/config/push.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2017 New Vector Ltd
 #
diff --git a/synapse/config/redis.py b/synapse/config/redis.py
index 1373302335..33104af734 100644
--- a/synapse/config/redis.py
+++ b/synapse/config/redis.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/config/registration.py b/synapse/config/registration.py
index f27d1e14ac..e6f52b4f40 100644
--- a/synapse/config/registration.py
+++ b/synapse/config/registration.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
@@ -13,74 +12,12 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
-import os
-
-import pkg_resources
-
 from synapse.api.constants import RoomCreationPreset
 from synapse.config._base import Config, ConfigError
 from synapse.types import RoomAlias, UserID
 from synapse.util.stringutils import random_string_with_symbols, strtobool
 
 
-class AccountValidityConfig(Config):
-    section = "accountvalidity"
-
-    def __init__(self, config, synapse_config):
-        if config is None:
-            return
-        super().__init__()
-        self.enabled = config.get("enabled", False)
-        self.renew_by_email_enabled = "renew_at" in config
-
-        if self.enabled:
-            if "period" in config:
-                self.period = self.parse_duration(config["period"])
-            else:
-                raise ConfigError("'period' is required when using account validity")
-
-            if "renew_at" in config:
-                self.renew_at = self.parse_duration(config["renew_at"])
-
-            if "renew_email_subject" in config:
-                self.renew_email_subject = config["renew_email_subject"]
-            else:
-                self.renew_email_subject = "Renew your %(app)s account"
-
-            self.startup_job_max_delta = self.period * 10.0 / 100.0
-
-        if self.renew_by_email_enabled:
-            if "public_baseurl" not in synapse_config:
-                raise ConfigError("Can't send renewal emails without 'public_baseurl'")
-
-        template_dir = config.get("template_dir")
-
-        if not template_dir:
-            template_dir = pkg_resources.resource_filename("synapse", "res/templates")
-
-        if "account_renewed_html_path" in config:
-            file_path = os.path.join(template_dir, config["account_renewed_html_path"])
-
-            self.account_renewed_html_content = self.read_file(
-                file_path, "account_validity.account_renewed_html_path"
-            )
-        else:
-            self.account_renewed_html_content = (
-                "<html><body>Your account has been successfully renewed.</body><html>"
-            )
-
-        if "invalid_token_html_path" in config:
-            file_path = os.path.join(template_dir, config["invalid_token_html_path"])
-
-            self.invalid_token_html_content = self.read_file(
-                file_path, "account_validity.invalid_token_html_path"
-            )
-        else:
-            self.invalid_token_html_content = (
-                "<html><body>Invalid renewal token.</body><html>"
-            )
-
-
 class RegistrationConfig(Config):
     section = "registration"
 
@@ -93,10 +30,6 @@ class RegistrationConfig(Config):
                 str(config["disable_registration"])
             )
 
-        self.account_validity = AccountValidityConfig(
-            config.get("account_validity") or {}, config
-        )
-
         self.registrations_require_3pid = config.get("registrations_require_3pid", [])
         self.allowed_local_3pids = config.get("allowed_local_3pids", [])
         self.enable_3pid_lookup = config.get("enable_3pid_lookup", True)
@@ -208,69 +141,6 @@ class RegistrationConfig(Config):
         #
         #enable_registration: false
 
-        # Optional account validity configuration. This allows for accounts to be denied
-        # any request after a given period.
-        #
-        # Once this feature is enabled, Synapse will look for registered users without an
-        # expiration date at startup and will add one to every account it found using the
-        # current settings at that time.
-        # This means that, if a validity period is set, and Synapse is restarted (it will
-        # then derive an expiration date from the current validity period), and some time
-        # after that the validity period changes and Synapse is restarted, the users'
-        # expiration dates won't be updated unless their account is manually renewed. This
-        # date will be randomly selected within a range [now + period - d ; now + period],
-        # where d is equal to 10%% of the validity period.
-        #
-        account_validity:
-          # The account validity feature is disabled by default. Uncomment the
-          # following line to enable it.
-          #
-          #enabled: true
-
-          # The period after which an account is valid after its registration. When
-          # renewing the account, its validity period will be extended by this amount
-          # of time. This parameter is required when using the account validity
-          # feature.
-          #
-          #period: 6w
-
-          # The amount of time before an account's expiry date at which Synapse will
-          # send an email to the account's email address with a renewal link. By
-          # default, no such emails are sent.
-          #
-          # If you enable this setting, you will also need to fill out the 'email' and
-          # 'public_baseurl' configuration sections.
-          #
-          #renew_at: 1w
-
-          # The subject of the email sent out with the renewal link. '%%(app)s' can be
-          # used as a placeholder for the 'app_name' parameter from the 'email'
-          # section.
-          #
-          # Note that the placeholder must be written '%%(app)s', including the
-          # trailing 's'.
-          #
-          # If this is not set, a default value is used.
-          #
-          #renew_email_subject: "Renew your %%(app)s account"
-
-          # Directory in which Synapse will try to find templates for the HTML files to
-          # serve to the user when trying to renew an account. If not set, default
-          # templates from within the Synapse package will be used.
-          #
-          #template_dir: "res/templates"
-
-          # File within 'template_dir' giving the HTML to be displayed to the user after
-          # they successfully renewed their account. If not set, default text is used.
-          #
-          #account_renewed_html_path: "account_renewed.html"
-
-          # File within 'template_dir' giving the HTML to be displayed when the user
-          # tries to renew an account with an invalid renewal token. If not set,
-          # default text is used.
-          #
-          #invalid_token_html_path: "invalid_token.html"
-
         # Time that a user's session remains valid for, after they log in.
         #
         # Note that this is not currently compatible with guest logins.
diff --git a/synapse/config/repository.py b/synapse/config/repository.py
index 061c4ec83f..c78a83abe1 100644
--- a/synapse/config/repository.py
+++ b/synapse/config/repository.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014, 2015 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
@@ -71,6 +70,7 @@ def parse_thumbnail_requirements(thumbnail_sizes):
         jpeg_thumbnail = ThumbnailRequirement(width, height, method, "image/jpeg")
         png_thumbnail = ThumbnailRequirement(width, height, method, "image/png")
         requirements.setdefault("image/jpeg", []).append(jpeg_thumbnail)
+        requirements.setdefault("image/jpg", []).append(jpeg_thumbnail)
         requirements.setdefault("image/webp", []).append(jpeg_thumbnail)
         requirements.setdefault("image/gif", []).append(png_thumbnail)
         requirements.setdefault("image/png", []).append(png_thumbnail)
diff --git a/synapse/config/room.py b/synapse/config/room.py
index 692d7a1936..d889d90dbc 100644
--- a/synapse/config/room.py
+++ b/synapse/config/room.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/config/room_directory.py b/synapse/config/room_directory.py
index 2dd719c388..56981cac79 100644
--- a/synapse/config/room_directory.py
+++ b/synapse/config/room_directory.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/config/saml2_config.py b/synapse/config/saml2_config.py
index 6db9cb5ced..55a7838b10 100644
--- a/synapse/config/saml2_config.py
+++ b/synapse/config/saml2_config.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
diff --git a/synapse/config/server.py b/synapse/config/server.py
index 8decc9d10d..02b86b11a5 100644
--- a/synapse/config/server.py
+++ b/synapse/config/server.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2017-2018 New Vector Ltd
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
diff --git a/synapse/config/server_notices_config.py b/synapse/config/server_notices_config.py
index 57f69dc8e2..48bf3241b6 100644
--- a/synapse/config/server_notices_config.py
+++ b/synapse/config/server_notices_config.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/config/spam_checker.py b/synapse/config/spam_checker.py
index 3d05abc158..447ba3303b 100644
--- a/synapse/config/spam_checker.py
+++ b/synapse/config/spam_checker.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2017 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/config/sso.py b/synapse/config/sso.py
index 243cc681e8..af645c930d 100644
--- a/synapse/config/sso.py
+++ b/synapse/config/sso.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/config/stats.py b/synapse/config/stats.py
index 2258329a52..3d44b51201 100644
--- a/synapse/config/stats.py
+++ b/synapse/config/stats.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/config/third_party_event_rules.py b/synapse/config/third_party_event_rules.py
index c04e1c4e07..f502ff539e 100644
--- a/synapse/config/third_party_event_rules.py
+++ b/synapse/config/third_party_event_rules.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/config/tls.py b/synapse/config/tls.py
index 85b5db4c40..b041869758 100644
--- a/synapse/config/tls.py
+++ b/synapse/config/tls.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/config/tracer.py b/synapse/config/tracer.py
index 727a1e7008..db22b5b19f 100644
--- a/synapse/config/tracer.py
+++ b/synapse/config/tracer.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.d
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/config/user_directory.py b/synapse/config/user_directory.py
index 8d05ef173c..4cbf79eeed 100644
--- a/synapse/config/user_directory.py
+++ b/synapse/config/user_directory.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2017 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/config/workers.py b/synapse/config/workers.py
index ac92375a85..b2540163d1 100644
--- a/synapse/config/workers.py
+++ b/synapse/config/workers.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/crypto/__init__.py b/synapse/crypto/__init__.py
index bfebb0f644..5e83dba2ed 100644
--- a/synapse/crypto/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/crypto/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/crypto/event_signing.py b/synapse/crypto/event_signing.py
index 8fb116ae18..0f2b632e47 100644
--- a/synapse/crypto/event_signing.py
+++ b/synapse/crypto/event_signing.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 #
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
diff --git a/synapse/crypto/keyring.py b/synapse/crypto/keyring.py
index d5fb51513b..5f18ef7748 100644
--- a/synapse/crypto/keyring.py
+++ b/synapse/crypto/keyring.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2017, 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
@@ -502,7 +501,7 @@ class StoreKeyFetcher(KeyFetcher):
 class BaseV2KeyFetcher(KeyFetcher):
     def __init__(self, hs: "HomeServer"):
         self.store = hs.get_datastore()
-        self.config = hs.get_config()
+        self.config = hs.config
 
     async def process_v2_response(
         self, from_server: str, response_json: JsonDict, time_added_ms: int
diff --git a/synapse/event_auth.py b/synapse/event_auth.py
index 9863953f5c..c831d9f73c 100644
--- a/synapse/event_auth.py
+++ b/synapse/event_auth.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014 - 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
@@ -671,7 +670,7 @@ def _verify_third_party_invite(event: EventBase, auth_events: StateMap[EventBase
         public_key = public_key_object["public_key"]
         try:
             for server, signature_block in signed["signatures"].items():
-                for key_name, encoded_signature in signature_block.items():
+                for key_name in signature_block.keys():
                     if not key_name.startswith("ed25519:"):
                         continue
                     verify_key = decode_verify_key_bytes(
diff --git a/synapse/events/__init__.py b/synapse/events/__init__.py
index f9032e3697..c8b52cbc7a 100644
--- a/synapse/events/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/events/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
diff --git a/synapse/events/builder.py b/synapse/events/builder.py
index c1c0426f6e..5793553a88 100644
--- a/synapse/events/builder.py
+++ b/synapse/events/builder.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/events/presence_router.py b/synapse/events/presence_router.py
index 24cd389d80..6c37c8a7a4 100644
--- a/synapse/events/presence_router.py
+++ b/synapse/events/presence_router.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2021 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/events/snapshot.py b/synapse/events/snapshot.py
index 7295df74fe..f8d898c3b1 100644
--- a/synapse/events/snapshot.py
+++ b/synapse/events/snapshot.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/events/spamcheck.py b/synapse/events/spamcheck.py
index a9185987a2..c727b48c1e 100644
--- a/synapse/events/spamcheck.py
+++ b/synapse/events/spamcheck.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2017 New Vector Ltd
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
diff --git a/synapse/events/third_party_rules.py b/synapse/events/third_party_rules.py
index 9767d23940..f7944fd834 100644
--- a/synapse/events/third_party_rules.py
+++ b/synapse/events/third_party_rules.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/events/utils.py b/synapse/events/utils.py
index 0f8a3b5ad8..7d7cd9aaee 100644
--- a/synapse/events/utils.py
+++ b/synapse/events/utils.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/events/validator.py b/synapse/events/validator.py
index f8f3b1a31e..fa6987d7cb 100644
--- a/synapse/events/validator.py
+++ b/synapse/events/validator.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/federation/__init__.py b/synapse/federation/__init__.py
index f5f0bdfca3..46300cba25 100644
--- a/synapse/federation/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/federation/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/federation/federation_base.py b/synapse/federation/federation_base.py
index 383737520a..949dcd4614 100644
--- a/synapse/federation/federation_base.py
+++ b/synapse/federation/federation_base.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
diff --git a/synapse/federation/federation_client.py b/synapse/federation/federation_client.py
index 55533d7501..f93335edaa 100644
--- a/synapse/federation/federation_client.py
+++ b/synapse/federation/federation_client.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/federation/federation_server.py b/synapse/federation/federation_server.py
index b9f8d966a6..b729a69203 100644
--- a/synapse/federation/federation_server.py
+++ b/synapse/federation/federation_server.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 # Copyright 2019 Matrix.org Federation C.I.C
@@ -137,7 +136,7 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
         )  # type: ResponseCache[Tuple[str, str]]
 
         self._federation_metrics_domains = (
-            hs.get_config().federation.federation_metrics_domains
+            hs.config.federation.federation_metrics_domains
         )
 
     async def on_backfill_request(
diff --git a/synapse/federation/persistence.py b/synapse/federation/persistence.py
index ce5fc758f0..2f9c9bc2cd 100644
--- a/synapse/federation/persistence.py
+++ b/synapse/federation/persistence.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/federation/send_queue.py b/synapse/federation/send_queue.py
index 0c18c49abb..65d76ea974 100644
--- a/synapse/federation/send_queue.py
+++ b/synapse/federation/send_queue.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
@@ -77,9 +76,6 @@ class FederationRemoteSendQueue(AbstractFederationSender):
         # Pending presence map user_id -> UserPresenceState
         self.presence_map = {}  # type: Dict[str, UserPresenceState]
 
-        # Stream position -> list[user_id]
-        self.presence_changed = SortedDict()  # type: SortedDict[int, List[str]]
-
         # Stores the destinations we need to explicitly send presence to about a
         # given user.
         # Stream position -> (user_id, destinations)
@@ -97,7 +93,7 @@ class FederationRemoteSendQueue(AbstractFederationSender):
 
         self.edus = SortedDict()  # type: SortedDict[int, Edu]
 
-        # stream ID for the next entry into presence_changed/keyed_edu_changed/edus.
+        # stream ID for the next entry into keyed_edu_changed/edus.
         self.pos = 1
 
         # map from stream ID to the time that stream entry was generated, so that we
@@ -118,7 +114,6 @@ class FederationRemoteSendQueue(AbstractFederationSender):
 
         for queue_name in [
             "presence_map",
-            "presence_changed",
             "keyed_edu",
             "keyed_edu_changed",
             "edus",
@@ -156,23 +151,12 @@ class FederationRemoteSendQueue(AbstractFederationSender):
         """Clear all the queues from before a given position"""
         with Measure(self.clock, "send_queue._clear"):
             # Delete things out of presence maps
-            keys = self.presence_changed.keys()
-            i = self.presence_changed.bisect_left(position_to_delete)
-            for key in keys[:i]:
-                del self.presence_changed[key]
-
-            user_ids = {
-                user_id for uids in self.presence_changed.values() for user_id in uids
-            }
-
             keys = self.presence_destinations.keys()
             i = self.presence_destinations.bisect_left(position_to_delete)
             for key in keys[:i]:
                 del self.presence_destinations[key]
 
-            user_ids.update(
-                user_id for user_id, _ in self.presence_destinations.values()
-            )
+            user_ids = {user_id for user_id, _ in self.presence_destinations.values()}
 
             to_del = [
                 user_id for user_id in self.presence_map if user_id not in user_ids
@@ -245,23 +229,6 @@ class FederationRemoteSendQueue(AbstractFederationSender):
         """
         # nothing to do here: the replication listener will handle it.
 
-    def send_presence(self, states: List[UserPresenceState]) -> None:
-        """As per FederationSender
-
-        Args:
-            states
-        """
-        pos = self._next_pos()
-
-        # We only want to send presence for our own users, so lets always just
-        # filter here just in case.
-        local_states = [s for s in states if self.is_mine_id(s.user_id)]
-
-        self.presence_map.update({state.user_id: state for state in local_states})
-        self.presence_changed[pos] = [state.user_id for state in local_states]
-
-        self.notifier.on_new_replication_data()
-
     def send_presence_to_destinations(
         self, states: Iterable[UserPresenceState], destinations: Iterable[str]
     ) -> None:
@@ -326,18 +293,6 @@ class FederationRemoteSendQueue(AbstractFederationSender):
         # of the federation stream.
         rows = []  # type: List[Tuple[int, BaseFederationRow]]
 
-        # Fetch changed presence
-        i = self.presence_changed.bisect_right(from_token)
-        j = self.presence_changed.bisect_right(to_token) + 1
-        dest_user_ids = [
-            (pos, user_id)
-            for pos, user_id_list in self.presence_changed.items()[i:j]
-            for user_id in user_id_list
-        ]
-
-        for (key, user_id) in dest_user_ids:
-            rows.append((key, PresenceRow(state=self.presence_map[user_id])))
-
         # Fetch presence to send to destinations
         i = self.presence_destinations.bisect_right(from_token)
         j = self.presence_destinations.bisect_right(to_token) + 1
@@ -428,22 +383,6 @@ class BaseFederationRow:
         raise NotImplementedError()
 
 
-class PresenceRow(
-    BaseFederationRow, namedtuple("PresenceRow", ("state",))  # UserPresenceState
-):
-    TypeId = "p"
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def from_data(data):
-        return PresenceRow(state=UserPresenceState.from_dict(data))
-
-    def to_data(self):
-        return self.state.as_dict()
-
-    def add_to_buffer(self, buff):
-        buff.presence.append(self.state)
-
-
 class PresenceDestinationsRow(
     BaseFederationRow,
     namedtuple(
@@ -507,7 +446,6 @@ class EduRow(BaseFederationRow, namedtuple("EduRow", ("edu",))):  # Edu
 
 
 _rowtypes = (
-    PresenceRow,
     PresenceDestinationsRow,
     KeyedEduRow,
     EduRow,
@@ -519,7 +457,6 @@ TypeToRow = {Row.TypeId: Row for Row in _rowtypes}
 ParsedFederationStreamData = namedtuple(
     "ParsedFederationStreamData",
     (
-        "presence",  # list(UserPresenceState)
         "presence_destinations",  # list of tuples of UserPresenceState and destinations
         "keyed_edus",  # dict of destination -> { key -> Edu }
         "edus",  # dict of destination -> [Edu]
@@ -544,7 +481,6 @@ def process_rows_for_federation(
     # them into the appropriate collection and then send them off.
 
     buff = ParsedFederationStreamData(
-        presence=[],
         presence_destinations=[],
         keyed_edus={},
         edus={},
@@ -560,18 +496,15 @@ def process_rows_for_federation(
         parsed_row = RowType.from_data(row.data)
         parsed_row.add_to_buffer(buff)
 
-    if buff.presence:
-        transaction_queue.send_presence(buff.presence)
-
     for state, destinations in buff.presence_destinations:
         transaction_queue.send_presence_to_destinations(
             states=[state], destinations=destinations
         )
 
-    for destination, edu_map in buff.keyed_edus.items():
+    for edu_map in buff.keyed_edus.values():
         for key, edu in edu_map.items():
             transaction_queue.send_edu(edu, key)
 
-    for destination, edu_list in buff.edus.items():
+    for edu_list in buff.edus.values():
         for edu in edu_list:
             transaction_queue.send_edu(edu, None)
diff --git a/synapse/federation/sender/__init__.py b/synapse/federation/sender/__init__.py
index d821dcbf6a..b00a55324c 100644
--- a/synapse/federation/sender/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/federation/sender/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
@@ -19,20 +18,12 @@ from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Dict, Hashable, Iterable, List, Optional, Set,
 
 from prometheus_client import Counter
 
-from twisted.internet import defer
-
 import synapse.metrics
 from synapse.api.presence import UserPresenceState
 from synapse.events import EventBase
 from synapse.federation.sender.per_destination_queue import PerDestinationQueue
 from synapse.federation.sender.transaction_manager import TransactionManager
 from synapse.federation.units import Edu
-from synapse.handlers.presence import get_interested_remotes
-from synapse.logging.context import (
-    make_deferred_yieldable,
-    preserve_fn,
-    run_in_background,
-)
 from synapse.metrics import (
     LaterGauge,
     event_processing_loop_counter,
@@ -40,8 +31,8 @@ from synapse.metrics import (
     events_processed_counter,
 )
 from synapse.metrics.background_process_metrics import run_as_background_process
-from synapse.types import JsonDict, ReadReceipt, RoomStreamToken
-from synapse.util.metrics import Measure, measure_func
+from synapse.types import Collection, JsonDict, ReadReceipt, RoomStreamToken
+from synapse.util.metrics import Measure
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from synapse.events.presence_router import PresenceRouter
@@ -87,15 +78,6 @@ class AbstractFederationSender(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
         raise NotImplementedError()
 
     @abc.abstractmethod
-    def send_presence(self, states: List[UserPresenceState]) -> None:
-        """Send the new presence states to the appropriate destinations.
-
-        This actually queues up the presence states ready for sending and
-        triggers a background task to process them and send out the transactions.
-        """
-        raise NotImplementedError()
-
-    @abc.abstractmethod
     def send_presence_to_destinations(
         self, states: Iterable[UserPresenceState], destinations: Iterable[str]
     ) -> None:
@@ -183,11 +165,6 @@ class FederationSender(AbstractFederationSender):
             ),
         )
 
-        # Map of user_id -> UserPresenceState for all the pending presence
-        # to be sent out by user_id. Entries here get processed and put in
-        # pending_presence_by_dest
-        self.pending_presence = {}  # type: Dict[str, UserPresenceState]
-
         LaterGauge(
             "synapse_federation_transaction_queue_pending_pdus",
             "",
@@ -208,8 +185,6 @@ class FederationSender(AbstractFederationSender):
         self._is_processing = False
         self._last_poked_id = -1
 
-        self._processing_pending_presence = False
-
         # map from room_id to a set of PerDestinationQueues which we believe are
         # awaiting a call to flush_read_receipts_for_room. The presence of an entry
         # here for a given room means that we are rate-limiting RR flushes to that room,
@@ -277,15 +252,27 @@ class FederationSender(AbstractFederationSender):
                 if not events and next_token >= self._last_poked_id:
                     break
 
-                async def handle_event(event: EventBase) -> None:
+                async def get_destinations_for_event(
+                    event: EventBase,
+                ) -> Collection[str]:
+                    """Computes the destinations to which this event must be sent.
+
+                    This returns an empty tuple when there are no destinations to send to,
+                    or if this event is not from this homeserver and it is not sending
+                    it on behalf of another server.
+
+                    Will also filter out destinations which this sender is not responsible for,
+                    if multiple federation senders exist.
+                    """
+
                     # Only send events for this server.
                     send_on_behalf_of = event.internal_metadata.get_send_on_behalf_of()
                     is_mine = self.is_mine_id(event.sender)
                     if not is_mine and send_on_behalf_of is None:
-                        return
+                        return ()
 
                     if not event.internal_metadata.should_proactively_send():
-                        return
+                        return ()
 
                     destinations = None  # type: Optional[Set[str]]
                     if not event.prev_event_ids():
@@ -320,7 +307,7 @@ class FederationSender(AbstractFederationSender):
                                 "Failed to calculate hosts in room for event: %s",
                                 event.event_id,
                             )
-                            return
+                            return ()
 
                     destinations = {
                         d
@@ -330,17 +317,15 @@ class FederationSender(AbstractFederationSender):
                         )
                     }
 
+                    destinations.discard(self.server_name)
+
                     if send_on_behalf_of is not None:
                         # If we are sending the event on behalf of another server
                         # then it already has the event and there is no reason to
                         # send the event to it.
                         destinations.discard(send_on_behalf_of)
 
-                    logger.debug("Sending %s to %r", event, destinations)
-
                     if destinations:
-                        await self._send_pdu(event, destinations)
-
                         now = self.clock.time_msec()
                         ts = await self.store.get_received_ts(event.event_id)
 
@@ -348,24 +333,29 @@ class FederationSender(AbstractFederationSender):
                             "federation_sender"
                         ).observe((now - ts) / 1000)
 
-                async def handle_room_events(events: Iterable[EventBase]) -> None:
-                    with Measure(self.clock, "handle_room_events"):
-                        for event in events:
-                            await handle_event(event)
-
-                events_by_room = {}  # type: Dict[str, List[EventBase]]
-                for event in events:
-                    events_by_room.setdefault(event.room_id, []).append(event)
-
-                await make_deferred_yieldable(
-                    defer.gatherResults(
-                        [
-                            run_in_background(handle_room_events, evs)
-                            for evs in events_by_room.values()
-                        ],
-                        consumeErrors=True,
-                    )
-                )
+                        return destinations
+                    return ()
+
+                async def get_federatable_events_and_destinations(
+                    events: Iterable[EventBase],
+                ) -> List[Tuple[EventBase, Collection[str]]]:
+                    with Measure(self.clock, "get_destinations_for_events"):
+                        # Fetch federation destinations per event,
+                        # skip if get_destinations_for_event returns an empty collection,
+                        # return list of event->destinations pairs.
+                        return [
+                            (event, dests)
+                            for (event, dests) in [
+                                (event, await get_destinations_for_event(event))
+                                for event in events
+                            ]
+                            if dests
+                        ]
+
+                events_and_dests = await get_federatable_events_and_destinations(events)
+
+                # Send corresponding events to each destination queue
+                await self._distribute_events(events_and_dests)
 
                 await self.store.update_federation_out_pos("events", next_token)
 
@@ -383,7 +373,7 @@ class FederationSender(AbstractFederationSender):
                     events_processed_counter.inc(len(events))
 
                     event_processing_loop_room_count.labels("federation_sender").inc(
-                        len(events_by_room)
+                        len({event.room_id for event in events})
                     )
 
                 event_processing_loop_counter.labels("federation_sender").inc()
@@ -395,34 +385,53 @@ class FederationSender(AbstractFederationSender):
         finally:
             self._is_processing = False
 
-    async def _send_pdu(self, pdu: EventBase, destinations: Iterable[str]) -> None:
-        # We loop through all destinations to see whether we already have
-        # a transaction in progress. If we do, stick it in the pending_pdus
-        # table and we'll get back to it later.
+    async def _distribute_events(
+        self,
+        events_and_dests: Iterable[Tuple[EventBase, Collection[str]]],
+    ) -> None:
+        """Distribute events to the respective per_destination queues.
 
-        destinations = set(destinations)
-        destinations.discard(self.server_name)
-        logger.debug("Sending to: %s", str(destinations))
+        Also persists last-seen per-room stream_ordering to 'destination_rooms'.
 
-        if not destinations:
-            return
+        Args:
+            events_and_dests: A list of tuples, which are (event: EventBase, destinations: Collection[str]).
+                              Every event is paired with its intended destinations (in federation).
+        """
+        # Tuples of room_id + destination to their max-seen stream_ordering
+        room_with_dest_stream_ordering = {}  # type: Dict[Tuple[str, str], int]
+
+        # List of events to send to each destination
+        events_by_dest = {}  # type: Dict[str, List[EventBase]]
+
+        # For each event-destinations pair...
+        for event, destinations in events_and_dests:
+
+            # (we got this from the database, it's filled)
+            assert event.internal_metadata.stream_ordering
 
-        sent_pdus_destination_dist_total.inc(len(destinations))
-        sent_pdus_destination_dist_count.inc()
+            sent_pdus_destination_dist_total.inc(len(destinations))
+            sent_pdus_destination_dist_count.inc()
+
+            # ...iterate over those destinations..
+            for destination in destinations:
+                # ...update their stream-ordering...
+                room_with_dest_stream_ordering[(event.room_id, destination)] = max(
+                    event.internal_metadata.stream_ordering,
+                    room_with_dest_stream_ordering.get((event.room_id, destination), 0),
+                )
 
-        assert pdu.internal_metadata.stream_ordering
+                # ...and add the event to each destination queue.
+                events_by_dest.setdefault(destination, []).append(event)
 
-        # track the fact that we have a PDU for these destinations,
-        # to allow us to perform catch-up later on if the remote is unreachable
-        # for a while.
-        await self.store.store_destination_rooms_entries(
-            destinations,
-            pdu.room_id,
-            pdu.internal_metadata.stream_ordering,
+        # Bulk-store destination_rooms stream_ids
+        await self.store.bulk_store_destination_rooms_entries(
+            room_with_dest_stream_ordering
         )
 
-        for destination in destinations:
-            self._get_per_destination_queue(destination).send_pdu(pdu)
+        for destination, pdus in events_by_dest.items():
+            logger.debug("Sending %d pdus to %s", len(pdus), destination)
+
+            self._get_per_destination_queue(destination).send_pdus(pdus)
 
     async def send_read_receipt(self, receipt: ReadReceipt) -> None:
         """Send a RR to any other servers in the room
@@ -519,48 +528,6 @@ class FederationSender(AbstractFederationSender):
         for queue in queues:
             queue.flush_read_receipts_for_room(room_id)
 
-    @preserve_fn  # the caller should not yield on this
-    async def send_presence(self, states: List[UserPresenceState]) -> None:
-        """Send the new presence states to the appropriate destinations.
-
-        This actually queues up the presence states ready for sending and
-        triggers a background task to process them and send out the transactions.
-        """
-        if not self.hs.config.use_presence:
-            # No-op if presence is disabled.
-            return
-
-        # First we queue up the new presence by user ID, so multiple presence
-        # updates in quick succession are correctly handled.
-        # We only want to send presence for our own users, so lets always just
-        # filter here just in case.
-        self.pending_presence.update(
-            {state.user_id: state for state in states if self.is_mine_id(state.user_id)}
-        )
-
-        # We then handle the new pending presence in batches, first figuring
-        # out the destinations we need to send each state to and then poking it
-        # to attempt a new transaction. We linearize this so that we don't
-        # accidentally mess up the ordering and send multiple presence updates
-        # in the wrong order
-        if self._processing_pending_presence:
-            return
-
-        self._processing_pending_presence = True
-        try:
-            while True:
-                states_map = self.pending_presence
-                self.pending_presence = {}
-
-                if not states_map:
-                    break
-
-                await self._process_presence_inner(list(states_map.values()))
-        except Exception:
-            logger.exception("Error sending presence states to servers")
-        finally:
-            self._processing_pending_presence = False
-
     def send_presence_to_destinations(
         self, states: Iterable[UserPresenceState], destinations: Iterable[str]
     ) -> None:
@@ -572,6 +539,10 @@ class FederationSender(AbstractFederationSender):
             # No-op if presence is disabled.
             return
 
+        # Ensure we only send out presence states for local users.
+        for state in states:
+            assert self.is_mine_id(state.user_id)
+
         for destination in destinations:
             if destination == self.server_name:
                 continue
@@ -581,40 +552,6 @@ class FederationSender(AbstractFederationSender):
                 continue
             self._get_per_destination_queue(destination).send_presence(states)
 
-    @measure_func("txnqueue._process_presence")
-    async def _process_presence_inner(self, states: List[UserPresenceState]) -> None:
-        """Given a list of states populate self.pending_presence_by_dest and
-        poke to send a new transaction to each destination
-        """
-        # We pull the presence router here instead of __init__
-        # to prevent a dependency cycle:
-        #
-        # AuthHandler -> Notifier -> FederationSender
-        # -> PresenceRouter -> ModuleApi -> AuthHandler
-        if self._presence_router is None:
-            self._presence_router = self.hs.get_presence_router()
-
-        assert self._presence_router is not None
-
-        hosts_and_states = await get_interested_remotes(
-            self.store,
-            self._presence_router,
-            states,
-            self.state,
-        )
-
-        for destinations, states in hosts_and_states:
-            for destination in destinations:
-                if destination == self.server_name:
-                    continue
-
-                if not self._federation_shard_config.should_handle(
-                    self._instance_name, destination
-                ):
-                    continue
-
-                self._get_per_destination_queue(destination).send_presence(states)
-
     def build_and_send_edu(
         self,
         destination: str,
diff --git a/synapse/federation/sender/per_destination_queue.py b/synapse/federation/sender/per_destination_queue.py
index e9c8a9f20a..3bb66bce32 100644
--- a/synapse/federation/sender/per_destination_queue.py
+++ b/synapse/federation/sender/per_destination_queue.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
 #
@@ -155,19 +154,22 @@ class PerDestinationQueue:
             + len(self._pending_edus_keyed)
         )
 
-    def send_pdu(self, pdu: EventBase) -> None:
-        """Add a PDU to the queue, and start the transmission loop if necessary
+    def send_pdus(self, pdus: Iterable[EventBase]) -> None:
+        """Add PDUs to the queue, and start the transmission loop if necessary
 
         Args:
-            pdu: pdu to send
+            pdus: pdus to send
         """
         if not self._catching_up or self._last_successful_stream_ordering is None:
             # only enqueue the PDU if we are not catching up (False) or do not
             # yet know if we have anything to catch up (None)
-            self._pending_pdus.append(pdu)
+            self._pending_pdus.extend(pdus)
         else:
-            assert pdu.internal_metadata.stream_ordering
-            self._catchup_last_skipped = pdu.internal_metadata.stream_ordering
+            self._catchup_last_skipped = max(
+                pdu.internal_metadata.stream_ordering
+                for pdu in pdus
+                if pdu.internal_metadata.stream_ordering is not None
+            )
 
         self.attempt_new_transaction()
 
diff --git a/synapse/federation/sender/transaction_manager.py b/synapse/federation/sender/transaction_manager.py
index 07b740c2f2..72a635830b 100644
--- a/synapse/federation/sender/transaction_manager.py
+++ b/synapse/federation/sender/transaction_manager.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
@@ -57,7 +56,7 @@ class TransactionManager:
         self._transport_layer = hs.get_federation_transport_client()
 
         self._federation_metrics_domains = (
-            hs.get_config().federation.federation_metrics_domains
+            hs.config.federation.federation_metrics_domains
         )
 
         # HACK to get unique tx id
diff --git a/synapse/federation/transport/__init__.py b/synapse/federation/transport/__init__.py
index 5db733af98..3c9a0f6944 100644
--- a/synapse/federation/transport/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/federation/transport/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/federation/transport/client.py b/synapse/federation/transport/client.py
index 6aee47c431..ada322a81e 100644
--- a/synapse/federation/transport/client.py
+++ b/synapse/federation/transport/client.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
diff --git a/synapse/federation/transport/server.py b/synapse/federation/transport/server.py
index a9c1391d27..a3759bdda1 100644
--- a/synapse/federation/transport/server.py
+++ b/synapse/federation/transport/server.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
diff --git a/synapse/federation/units.py b/synapse/federation/units.py
index 0f8bf000ac..c83a261918 100644
--- a/synapse/federation/units.py
+++ b/synapse/federation/units.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/groups/attestations.py b/synapse/groups/attestations.py
index 368c44708d..d2fc8be5f5 100644
--- a/synapse/groups/attestations.py
+++ b/synapse/groups/attestations.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2017 Vector Creations Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/groups/groups_server.py b/synapse/groups/groups_server.py
index 4b16a4ac29..a06d060ebf 100644
--- a/synapse/groups/groups_server.py
+++ b/synapse/groups/groups_server.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2017 Vector Creations Ltd
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 # Copyright 2019 Michael Telatynski <7t3chguy@gmail.com>
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/__init__.py b/synapse/handlers/__init__.py
index bfebb0f644..5e83dba2ed 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/_base.py b/synapse/handlers/_base.py
index fb899aa90d..d800e16912 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/_base.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/_base.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014 - 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/account_data.py b/synapse/handlers/account_data.py
index 1ce6d697ed..affb54e0ee 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/account_data.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/account_data.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2021 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/account_validity.py b/synapse/handlers/account_validity.py
index bee1447c2e..5b927f10b3 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/account_validity.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/account_validity.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
@@ -18,7 +17,7 @@ import email.utils
 import logging
 from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
 from email.mime.text import MIMEText
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, List, Optional
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, List, Optional, Tuple
 
 from synapse.api.errors import StoreError, SynapseError
 from synapse.logging.context import make_deferred_yieldable
@@ -40,28 +39,44 @@ class AccountValidityHandler:
         self.sendmail = self.hs.get_sendmail()
         self.clock = self.hs.get_clock()
 
-        self._account_validity = self.hs.config.account_validity
+        self._account_validity_enabled = (
+            hs.config.account_validity.account_validity_enabled
+        )
+        self._account_validity_renew_by_email_enabled = (
+            hs.config.account_validity.account_validity_renew_by_email_enabled
+        )
+
+        self._account_validity_period = None
+        if self._account_validity_enabled:
+            self._account_validity_period = (
+                hs.config.account_validity.account_validity_period
+            )
 
         if (
-            self._account_validity.enabled
-            and self._account_validity.renew_by_email_enabled
+            self._account_validity_enabled
+            and self._account_validity_renew_by_email_enabled
         ):
             # Don't do email-specific configuration if renewal by email is disabled.
-            self._template_html = self.config.account_validity_template_html
-            self._template_text = self.config.account_validity_template_text
+            self._template_html = (
+                hs.config.account_validity.account_validity_template_html
+            )
+            self._template_text = (
+                hs.config.account_validity.account_validity_template_text
+            )
+            account_validity_renew_email_subject = (
+                hs.config.account_validity.account_validity_renew_email_subject
+            )
 
             try:
-                app_name = self.hs.config.email_app_name
+                app_name = hs.config.email_app_name
 
-                self._subject = self._account_validity.renew_email_subject % {
-                    "app": app_name
-                }
+                self._subject = account_validity_renew_email_subject % {"app": app_name}
 
-                self._from_string = self.hs.config.email_notif_from % {"app": app_name}
+                self._from_string = hs.config.email_notif_from % {"app": app_name}
             except Exception:
                 # If substitution failed, fall back to the bare strings.
-                self._subject = self._account_validity.renew_email_subject
-                self._from_string = self.hs.config.email_notif_from
+                self._subject = account_validity_renew_email_subject
+                self._from_string = hs.config.email_notif_from
 
             self._raw_from = email.utils.parseaddr(self._from_string)[1]
 
@@ -221,50 +236,87 @@ class AccountValidityHandler:
                 attempts += 1
         raise StoreError(500, "Couldn't generate a unique string as refresh string.")
 
-    async def renew_account(self, renewal_token: str) -> bool:
+    async def renew_account(self, renewal_token: str) -> Tuple[bool, bool, int]:
         """Renews the account attached to a given renewal token by pushing back the
         expiration date by the current validity period in the server's configuration.
 
+        If it turns out that the token is valid but has already been used, then the
+        token is considered stale. A token is stale if the 'token_used_ts_ms' db column
+        is non-null.
+
         Args:
             renewal_token: Token sent with the renewal request.
         Returns:
-            Whether the provided token is valid.
+            A tuple containing:
+              * A bool representing whether the token is valid and unused.
+              * A bool which is `True` if the token is valid, but stale.
+              * An int representing the user's expiry timestamp as milliseconds since the
+                epoch, or 0 if the token was invalid.
         """
         try:
-            user_id = await self.store.get_user_from_renewal_token(renewal_token)
+            (
+                user_id,
+                current_expiration_ts,
+                token_used_ts,
+            ) = await self.store.get_user_from_renewal_token(renewal_token)
         except StoreError:
-            return False
+            return False, False, 0
+
+        # Check whether this token has already been used.
+        if token_used_ts:
+            logger.info(
+                "User '%s' attempted to use previously used token '%s' to renew account",
+                user_id,
+                renewal_token,
+            )
+            return False, True, current_expiration_ts
 
         logger.debug("Renewing an account for user %s", user_id)
-        await self.renew_account_for_user(user_id)
 
-        return True
+        # Renew the account. Pass the renewal_token here so that it is not cleared.
+        # We want to keep the token around in case the user attempts to renew their
+        # account with the same token twice (clicking the email link twice).
+        #
+        # In that case, the token will be accepted, but the account's expiration ts
+        # will remain unchanged.
+        new_expiration_ts = await self.renew_account_for_user(
+            user_id, renewal_token=renewal_token
+        )
+
+        return True, False, new_expiration_ts
 
     async def renew_account_for_user(
         self,
         user_id: str,
         expiration_ts: Optional[int] = None,
         email_sent: bool = False,
+        renewal_token: Optional[str] = None,
     ) -> int:
         """Renews the account attached to a given user by pushing back the
         expiration date by the current validity period in the server's
         configuration.
 
         Args:
-            renewal_token: Token sent with the renewal request.
+            user_id: The ID of the user to renew.
             expiration_ts: New expiration date. Defaults to now + validity period.
-            email_sen: Whether an email has been sent for this validity period.
-                Defaults to False.
+            email_sent: Whether an email has been sent for this validity period.
+            renewal_token: Token sent with the renewal request. The user's token
+                will be cleared if this is None.
 
         Returns:
             New expiration date for this account, as a timestamp in
             milliseconds since epoch.
         """
+        now = self.clock.time_msec()
         if expiration_ts is None:
-            expiration_ts = self.clock.time_msec() + self._account_validity.period
+            expiration_ts = now + self._account_validity_period
 
         await self.store.set_account_validity_for_user(
-            user_id=user_id, expiration_ts=expiration_ts, email_sent=email_sent
+            user_id=user_id,
+            expiration_ts=expiration_ts,
+            email_sent=email_sent,
+            renewal_token=renewal_token,
+            token_used_ts=now,
         )
 
         return expiration_ts
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/acme.py b/synapse/handlers/acme.py
index 2a25af6288..16ab93f580 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/acme.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/acme.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/acme_issuing_service.py b/synapse/handlers/acme_issuing_service.py
index ae2a9dd9c2..a972d3fa0a 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/acme_issuing_service.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/acme_issuing_service.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/admin.py b/synapse/handlers/admin.py
index c494de49a3..f72ded038e 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/admin.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/admin.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/appservice.py b/synapse/handlers/appservice.py
index 9fb7ee335d..d7bc4e23ed 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/appservice.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/appservice.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/auth.py b/synapse/handlers/auth.py
index 08e413bc98..36f2450e2e 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/auth.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/auth.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014 - 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2017 Vector Creations Ltd
 # Copyright 2019 - 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
@@ -1249,7 +1248,7 @@ class AuthHandler(BaseHandler):
 
         # see if any of our auth providers want to know about this
         for provider in self.password_providers:
-            for token, token_id, device_id in tokens_and_devices:
+            for token, _, device_id in tokens_and_devices:
                 await provider.on_logged_out(
                     user_id=user_id, device_id=device_id, access_token=token
                 )
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/cas_handler.py b/synapse/handlers/cas_handler.py
index 5060936f94..7346ccfe93 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/cas_handler.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/cas_handler.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/deactivate_account.py b/synapse/handlers/deactivate_account.py
index 2bcd8f5435..45d2404dde 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/deactivate_account.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/deactivate_account.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2017, 2018 New Vector Ltd
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
@@ -50,7 +49,9 @@ class DeactivateAccountHandler(BaseHandler):
         if hs.config.run_background_tasks:
             hs.get_reactor().callWhenRunning(self._start_user_parting)
 
-        self._account_validity_enabled = hs.config.account_validity.enabled
+        self._account_validity_enabled = (
+            hs.config.account_validity.account_validity_enabled
+        )
 
     async def deactivate_account(
         self,
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/device.py b/synapse/handlers/device.py
index 7e76db3e2a..c1d7800981 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/device.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/device.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
 # Copyright 2019,2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
@@ -157,8 +156,7 @@ class DeviceWorkerHandler(BaseHandler):
             # The user may have left the room
             # TODO: Check if they actually did or if we were just invited.
             if room_id not in room_ids:
-                for key, event_id in current_state_ids.items():
-                    etype, state_key = key
+                for etype, state_key in current_state_ids.keys():
                     if etype != EventTypes.Member:
                         continue
                     possibly_left.add(state_key)
@@ -180,8 +178,7 @@ class DeviceWorkerHandler(BaseHandler):
                 log_kv(
                     {"event": "encountered empty previous state", "room_id": room_id}
                 )
-                for key, event_id in current_state_ids.items():
-                    etype, state_key = key
+                for etype, state_key in current_state_ids.keys():
                     if etype != EventTypes.Member:
                         continue
                     possibly_changed.add(state_key)
@@ -199,8 +196,7 @@ class DeviceWorkerHandler(BaseHandler):
             for state_dict in prev_state_ids.values():
                 member_event = state_dict.get((EventTypes.Member, user_id), None)
                 if not member_event or member_event != current_member_id:
-                    for key, event_id in current_state_ids.items():
-                        etype, state_key = key
+                    for etype, state_key in current_state_ids.keys():
                         if etype != EventTypes.Member:
                             continue
                         possibly_changed.add(state_key)
@@ -715,7 +711,7 @@ class DeviceListUpdater:
                 # This can happen since we batch updates
                 return
 
-            for device_id, stream_id, prev_ids, content in pending_updates:
+            for device_id, stream_id, prev_ids, _ in pending_updates:
                 logger.debug(
                     "Handling update %r/%r, ID: %r, prev: %r ",
                     user_id,
@@ -741,7 +737,7 @@ class DeviceListUpdater:
             else:
                 # Simply update the single device, since we know that is the only
                 # change (because of the single prev_id matching the current cache)
-                for device_id, stream_id, prev_ids, content in pending_updates:
+                for device_id, stream_id, _, content in pending_updates:
                     await self.store.update_remote_device_list_cache_entry(
                         user_id, device_id, content, stream_id
                     )
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/devicemessage.py b/synapse/handlers/devicemessage.py
index c971eeb4d2..c5d631de07 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/devicemessage.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/devicemessage.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/directory.py b/synapse/handlers/directory.py
index abcf86352d..90932316f3 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/directory.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/directory.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/e2e_keys.py b/synapse/handlers/e2e_keys.py
index 92b18378fc..974487800d 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/e2e_keys.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/e2e_keys.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2018-2019 New Vector Ltd
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/e2e_room_keys.py b/synapse/handlers/e2e_room_keys.py
index a910d246d6..31742236a9 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/e2e_room_keys.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/e2e_room_keys.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2017, 2018 New Vector Ltd
 # Copyright 2019 Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/events.py b/synapse/handlers/events.py
index f46cab7325..d82144d7fa 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/events.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/events.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/federation.py b/synapse/handlers/federation.py
index 67888898ff..dbdd7d2db3 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/federation.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/federation.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2017-2018 New Vector Ltd
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
@@ -104,7 +103,7 @@ logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 @attr.s(slots=True)
 class _NewEventInfo:
-    """Holds information about a received event, ready for passing to _handle_new_events
+    """Holds information about a received event, ready for passing to _auth_and_persist_events
 
     Attributes:
         event: the received event
@@ -808,7 +807,10 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
         logger.debug("Processing event: %s", event)
 
         try:
-            await self._handle_new_event(origin, event, state=state)
+            context = await self.state_handler.compute_event_context(
+                event, old_state=state
+            )
+            await self._auth_and_persist_event(origin, event, context, state=state)
         except AuthError as e:
             raise FederationError("ERROR", e.code, e.msg, affected=event.event_id)
 
@@ -1011,7 +1013,9 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
             )
 
         if ev_infos:
-            await self._handle_new_events(dest, room_id, ev_infos, backfilled=True)
+            await self._auth_and_persist_events(
+                dest, room_id, ev_infos, backfilled=True
+            )
 
         # Step 2: Persist the rest of the events in the chunk one by one
         events.sort(key=lambda e: e.depth)
@@ -1024,10 +1028,12 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
             # non-outliers
             assert not event.internal_metadata.is_outlier()
 
+            context = await self.state_handler.compute_event_context(event)
+
             # We store these one at a time since each event depends on the
             # previous to work out the state.
             # TODO: We can probably do something more clever here.
-            await self._handle_new_event(dest, event, backfilled=True)
+            await self._auth_and_persist_event(dest, event, context, backfilled=True)
 
         return events
 
@@ -1361,7 +1367,7 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
 
             event_infos.append(_NewEventInfo(event, None, auth))
 
-        await self._handle_new_events(
+        await self._auth_and_persist_events(
             destination,
             room_id,
             event_infos,
@@ -1667,10 +1673,11 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
         # would introduce the danger of backwards-compatibility problems.
         event.internal_metadata.send_on_behalf_of = origin
 
-        context = await self._handle_new_event(origin, event)
+        context = await self.state_handler.compute_event_context(event)
+        context = await self._auth_and_persist_event(origin, event, context)
 
         logger.debug(
-            "on_send_join_request: After _handle_new_event: %s, sigs: %s",
+            "on_send_join_request: After _auth_and_persist_event: %s, sigs: %s",
             event.event_id,
             event.signatures,
         )
@@ -1879,10 +1886,11 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
 
         event.internal_metadata.outlier = False
 
-        await self._handle_new_event(origin, event)
+        context = await self.state_handler.compute_event_context(event)
+        await self._auth_and_persist_event(origin, event, context)
 
         logger.debug(
-            "on_send_leave_request: After _handle_new_event: %s, sigs: %s",
+            "on_send_leave_request: After _auth_and_persist_event: %s, sigs: %s",
             event.event_id,
             event.signatures,
         )
@@ -1990,16 +1998,47 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
     async def get_min_depth_for_context(self, context: str) -> int:
         return await self.store.get_min_depth(context)
 
-    async def _handle_new_event(
+    async def _auth_and_persist_event(
         self,
         origin: str,
         event: EventBase,
+        context: EventContext,
         state: Optional[Iterable[EventBase]] = None,
         auth_events: Optional[MutableStateMap[EventBase]] = None,
         backfilled: bool = False,
     ) -> EventContext:
-        context = await self._prep_event(
-            origin, event, state=state, auth_events=auth_events, backfilled=backfilled
+        """
+        Process an event by performing auth checks and then persisting to the database.
+
+        Args:
+            origin: The host the event originates from.
+            event: The event itself.
+            context:
+                The event context.
+
+                NB that this function potentially modifies it.
+            state:
+                The state events used to check the event for soft-fail. If this is
+                not provided the current state events will be used.
+            auth_events:
+                Map from (event_type, state_key) to event
+
+                Normally, our calculated auth_events based on the state of the room
+                at the event's position in the DAG, though occasionally (eg if the
+                event is an outlier), may be the auth events claimed by the remote
+                server.
+            backfilled: True if the event was backfilled.
+
+        Returns:
+             The event context.
+        """
+        context = await self._check_event_auth(
+            origin,
+            event,
+            context,
+            state=state,
+            auth_events=auth_events,
+            backfilled=backfilled,
         )
 
         try:
@@ -2023,7 +2062,7 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
 
         return context
 
-    async def _handle_new_events(
+    async def _auth_and_persist_events(
         self,
         origin: str,
         room_id: str,
@@ -2041,9 +2080,13 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
         async def prep(ev_info: _NewEventInfo):
             event = ev_info.event
             with nested_logging_context(suffix=event.event_id):
-                res = await self._prep_event(
+                res = await self.state_handler.compute_event_context(
+                    event, old_state=ev_info.state
+                )
+                res = await self._check_event_auth(
                     origin,
                     event,
+                    res,
                     state=ev_info.state,
                     auth_events=ev_info.auth_events,
                     backfilled=backfilled,
@@ -2178,49 +2221,6 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
             room_id, [(event, new_event_context)]
         )
 
-    async def _prep_event(
-        self,
-        origin: str,
-        event: EventBase,
-        state: Optional[Iterable[EventBase]],
-        auth_events: Optional[MutableStateMap[EventBase]],
-        backfilled: bool,
-    ) -> EventContext:
-        context = await self.state_handler.compute_event_context(event, old_state=state)
-
-        if not auth_events:
-            prev_state_ids = await context.get_prev_state_ids()
-            auth_events_ids = self.auth.compute_auth_events(
-                event, prev_state_ids, for_verification=True
-            )
-            auth_events_x = await self.store.get_events(auth_events_ids)
-            auth_events = {(e.type, e.state_key): e for e in auth_events_x.values()}
-
-        # This is a hack to fix some old rooms where the initial join event
-        # didn't reference the create event in its auth events.
-        if event.type == EventTypes.Member and not event.auth_event_ids():
-            if len(event.prev_event_ids()) == 1 and event.depth < 5:
-                c = await self.store.get_event(
-                    event.prev_event_ids()[0], allow_none=True
-                )
-                if c and c.type == EventTypes.Create:
-                    auth_events[(c.type, c.state_key)] = c
-
-        context = await self.do_auth(origin, event, context, auth_events=auth_events)
-
-        if not context.rejected:
-            await self._check_for_soft_fail(event, state, backfilled)
-
-        if event.type == EventTypes.GuestAccess and not context.rejected:
-            await self.maybe_kick_guest_users(event)
-
-        # If we are going to send this event over federation we precaclculate
-        # the joined hosts.
-        if event.internal_metadata.get_send_on_behalf_of():
-            await self.event_creation_handler.cache_joined_hosts_for_event(event)
-
-        return context
-
     async def _check_for_soft_fail(
         self, event: EventBase, state: Optional[Iterable[EventBase]], backfilled: bool
     ) -> None:
@@ -2331,19 +2331,28 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
 
         return missing_events
 
-    async def do_auth(
+    async def _check_event_auth(
         self,
         origin: str,
         event: EventBase,
         context: EventContext,
-        auth_events: MutableStateMap[EventBase],
+        state: Optional[Iterable[EventBase]],
+        auth_events: Optional[MutableStateMap[EventBase]],
+        backfilled: bool,
     ) -> EventContext:
         """
+        Checks whether an event should be rejected (for failing auth checks).
 
         Args:
-            origin:
-            event:
+            origin: The host the event originates from.
+            event: The event itself.
             context:
+                The event context.
+
+                NB that this function potentially modifies it.
+            state:
+                The state events used to check the event for soft-fail. If this is
+                not provided the current state events will be used.
             auth_events:
                 Map from (event_type, state_key) to event
 
@@ -2353,12 +2362,34 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
                 server.
 
                 Also NB that this function adds entries to it.
+
+                If this is not provided, it is calculated from the previous state IDs.
+            backfilled: True if the event was backfilled.
+
         Returns:
-            updated context object
+            The updated context object.
         """
         room_version = await self.store.get_room_version_id(event.room_id)
         room_version_obj = KNOWN_ROOM_VERSIONS[room_version]
 
+        if not auth_events:
+            prev_state_ids = await context.get_prev_state_ids()
+            auth_events_ids = self.auth.compute_auth_events(
+                event, prev_state_ids, for_verification=True
+            )
+            auth_events_x = await self.store.get_events(auth_events_ids)
+            auth_events = {(e.type, e.state_key): e for e in auth_events_x.values()}
+
+        # This is a hack to fix some old rooms where the initial join event
+        # didn't reference the create event in its auth events.
+        if event.type == EventTypes.Member and not event.auth_event_ids():
+            if len(event.prev_event_ids()) == 1 and event.depth < 5:
+                c = await self.store.get_event(
+                    event.prev_event_ids()[0], allow_none=True
+                )
+                if c and c.type == EventTypes.Create:
+                    auth_events[(c.type, c.state_key)] = c
+
         try:
             context = await self._update_auth_events_and_context_for_auth(
                 origin, event, context, auth_events
@@ -2380,6 +2411,17 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
             logger.warning("Failed auth resolution for %r because %s", event, e)
             context.rejected = RejectedReason.AUTH_ERROR
 
+        if not context.rejected:
+            await self._check_for_soft_fail(event, state, backfilled)
+
+        if event.type == EventTypes.GuestAccess and not context.rejected:
+            await self.maybe_kick_guest_users(event)
+
+        # If we are going to send this event over federation we precaclculate
+        # the joined hosts.
+        if event.internal_metadata.get_send_on_behalf_of():
+            await self.event_creation_handler.cache_joined_hosts_for_event(event)
+
         return context
 
     async def _update_auth_events_and_context_for_auth(
@@ -2389,7 +2431,7 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
         context: EventContext,
         auth_events: MutableStateMap[EventBase],
     ) -> EventContext:
-        """Helper for do_auth. See there for docs.
+        """Helper for _check_event_auth. See there for docs.
 
         Checks whether a given event has the expected auth events. If it
         doesn't then we talk to the remote server to compare state to see if
@@ -2469,9 +2511,14 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
                         e.internal_metadata.outlier = True
 
                         logger.debug(
-                            "do_auth %s missing_auth: %s", event.event_id, e.event_id
+                            "_check_event_auth %s missing_auth: %s",
+                            event.event_id,
+                            e.event_id,
+                        )
+                        context = await self.state_handler.compute_event_context(e)
+                        await self._auth_and_persist_event(
+                            origin, e, context, auth_events=auth
                         )
-                        await self._handle_new_event(origin, e, auth_events=auth)
 
                         if e.event_id in event_auth_events:
                             auth_events[(e.type, e.state_key)] = e
@@ -2909,7 +2956,7 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
             try:
                 # for each sig on the third_party_invite block of the actual invite
                 for server, signature_block in signed["signatures"].items():
-                    for key_name, encoded_signature in signature_block.items():
+                    for key_name in signature_block.keys():
                         if not key_name.startswith("ed25519:"):
                             continue
 
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/groups_local.py b/synapse/handlers/groups_local.py
index a41ca5df9c..157f2ff218 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/groups_local.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/groups_local.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2017 Vector Creations Ltd
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/identity.py b/synapse/handlers/identity.py
index d89fa5fb30..0b3b1fadb5 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/identity.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/identity.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2017 Vector Creations Ltd
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
@@ -16,7 +15,6 @@
 # limitations under the License.
 
 """Utilities for interacting with Identity Servers"""
-
 import logging
 import urllib.parse
 from typing import Awaitable, Callable, Dict, List, Optional, Tuple
@@ -35,7 +33,11 @@ from synapse.http.site import SynapseRequest
 from synapse.types import JsonDict, Requester
 from synapse.util import json_decoder
 from synapse.util.hash import sha256_and_url_safe_base64
-from synapse.util.stringutils import assert_valid_client_secret, random_string
+from synapse.util.stringutils import (
+    assert_valid_client_secret,
+    random_string,
+    valid_id_server_location,
+)
 
 from ._base import BaseHandler
 
@@ -173,6 +175,11 @@ class IdentityHandler(BaseHandler):
                 server with, if necessary. Required if use_v2 is true
             use_v2: Whether to use v2 Identity Service API endpoints. Defaults to True
 
+        Raises:
+            SynapseError: On any of the following conditions
+                - the supplied id_server is not a valid identity server name
+                - we failed to contact the supplied identity server
+
         Returns:
             The response from the identity server
         """
@@ -182,6 +189,12 @@ class IdentityHandler(BaseHandler):
         if id_access_token is None:
             use_v2 = False
 
+        if not valid_id_server_location(id_server):
+            raise SynapseError(
+                400,
+                "id_server must be a valid hostname with optional port and path components",
+            )
+
         # Decide which API endpoint URLs to use
         headers = {}
         bind_data = {"sid": sid, "client_secret": client_secret, "mxid": mxid}
@@ -270,12 +283,21 @@ class IdentityHandler(BaseHandler):
             id_server: Identity server to unbind from
 
         Raises:
-            SynapseError: If we failed to contact the identity server
+            SynapseError: On any of the following conditions
+                - the supplied id_server is not a valid identity server name
+                - we failed to contact the supplied identity server
 
         Returns:
             True on success, otherwise False if the identity
             server doesn't support unbinding
         """
+
+        if not valid_id_server_location(id_server):
+            raise SynapseError(
+                400,
+                "id_server must be a valid hostname with optional port and path components",
+            )
+
         url = "https://%s/_matrix/identity/api/v1/3pid/unbind" % (id_server,)
         url_bytes = "/_matrix/identity/api/v1/3pid/unbind".encode("ascii")
 
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/initial_sync.py b/synapse/handlers/initial_sync.py
index 13f8152283..76242865ae 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/initial_sync.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/initial_sync.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/message.py b/synapse/handlers/message.py
index 125dae6d25..ec8eb21674 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/message.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/message.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2017-2018 New Vector Ltd
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/oidc_handler.py b/synapse/handlers/oidc_handler.py
index 6624212d6f..b156196a70 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/oidc_handler.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/oidc_handler.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 Quentin Gliech
 # Copyright 2021 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/pagination.py b/synapse/handlers/pagination.py
index 66dc886c81..1e1186c29e 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/pagination.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/pagination.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014 - 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2017 - 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/password_policy.py b/synapse/handlers/password_policy.py
index 92cefa11aa..cd21efdcc6 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/password_policy.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/password_policy.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/presence.py b/synapse/handlers/presence.py
index 0047907cd9..598466c9bd 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/presence.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/presence.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
@@ -23,7 +22,9 @@ The methods that define policy are:
     - should_notify
 """
 import abc
+import contextlib
 import logging
+from bisect import bisect
 from contextlib import contextmanager
 from typing import (
     TYPE_CHECKING,
@@ -49,6 +50,13 @@ from synapse.logging.context import run_in_background
 from synapse.logging.utils import log_function
 from synapse.metrics import LaterGauge
 from synapse.metrics.background_process_metrics import run_as_background_process
+from synapse.replication.http.presence import (
+    ReplicationBumpPresenceActiveTime,
+    ReplicationPresenceSetState,
+)
+from synapse.replication.http.streams import ReplicationGetStreamUpdates
+from synapse.replication.tcp.commands import ClearUserSyncsCommand
+from synapse.replication.tcp.streams import PresenceFederationStream, PresenceStream
 from synapse.state import StateHandler
 from synapse.storage.databases.main import DataStore
 from synapse.types import Collection, JsonDict, UserID, get_domain_from_id
@@ -105,6 +113,10 @@ FEDERATION_PING_INTERVAL = 25 * 60 * 1000
 # are dead.
 EXTERNAL_PROCESS_EXPIRY = 5 * 60 * 1000
 
+# Delay before a worker tells the presence handler that a user has stopped
+# syncing.
+UPDATE_SYNCING_USERS_MS = 10 * 1000
+
 assert LAST_ACTIVE_GRANULARITY < IDLE_TIMER
 
 
@@ -114,6 +126,15 @@ class BasePresenceHandler(abc.ABC):
     def __init__(self, hs: "HomeServer"):
         self.clock = hs.get_clock()
         self.store = hs.get_datastore()
+        self.presence_router = hs.get_presence_router()
+        self.state = hs.get_state_handler()
+        self.is_mine_id = hs.is_mine_id
+
+        self._federation = None
+        if hs.should_send_federation():
+            self._federation = hs.get_federation_sender()
+
+        self._federation_queue = PresenceFederationQueue(hs, self)
 
         self._busy_presence_enabled = hs.config.experimental.msc3026_enabled
 
@@ -209,18 +230,292 @@ class BasePresenceHandler(abc.ABC):
         with the app.
         """
 
+    async def update_external_syncs_row(
+        self, process_id, user_id, is_syncing, sync_time_msec
+    ):
+        """Update the syncing users for an external process as a delta.
+
+        This is a no-op when presence is handled by a different worker.
+
+        Args:
+            process_id (str): An identifier for the process the users are
+                syncing against. This allows synapse to process updates
+                as user start and stop syncing against a given process.
+            user_id (str): The user who has started or stopped syncing
+            is_syncing (bool): Whether or not the user is now syncing
+            sync_time_msec(int): Time in ms when the user was last syncing
+        """
+        pass
+
+    async def update_external_syncs_clear(self, process_id):
+        """Marks all users that had been marked as syncing by a given process
+        as offline.
+
+        Used when the process has stopped/disappeared.
+
+        This is a no-op when presence is handled by a different worker.
+        """
+        pass
+
+    async def process_replication_rows(
+        self, stream_name: str, instance_name: str, token: int, rows: list
+    ):
+        """Process streams received over replication."""
+        await self._federation_queue.process_replication_rows(
+            stream_name, instance_name, token, rows
+        )
+
+    def get_federation_queue(self) -> "PresenceFederationQueue":
+        """Get the presence federation queue."""
+        return self._federation_queue
+
+    async def maybe_send_presence_to_interested_destinations(
+        self, states: List[UserPresenceState]
+    ):
+        """If this instance is a federation sender, send the states to all
+        destinations that are interested. Filters out any states for remote
+        users.
+        """
+
+        if not self._federation:
+            return
+
+        states = [s for s in states if self.is_mine_id(s.user_id)]
+
+        if not states:
+            return
+
+        hosts_and_states = await get_interested_remotes(
+            self.store,
+            self.presence_router,
+            states,
+            self.state,
+        )
+
+        for destinations, states in hosts_and_states:
+            self._federation.send_presence_to_destinations(states, destinations)
+
+
+class _NullContextManager(ContextManager[None]):
+    """A context manager which does nothing."""
+
+    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):
+        pass
+
+
+class WorkerPresenceHandler(BasePresenceHandler):
+    def __init__(self, hs):
+        super().__init__(hs)
+        self.hs = hs
+
+        self._presence_enabled = hs.config.use_presence
+
+        # The number of ongoing syncs on this process, by user id.
+        # Empty if _presence_enabled is false.
+        self._user_to_num_current_syncs = {}  # type: Dict[str, int]
+
+        self.notifier = hs.get_notifier()
+        self.instance_id = hs.get_instance_id()
+
+        # user_id -> last_sync_ms. Lists the users that have stopped syncing
+        # but we haven't notified the master of that yet
+        self.users_going_offline = {}
+
+        self._bump_active_client = ReplicationBumpPresenceActiveTime.make_client(hs)
+        self._set_state_client = ReplicationPresenceSetState.make_client(hs)
+
+        self._send_stop_syncing_loop = self.clock.looping_call(
+            self.send_stop_syncing, UPDATE_SYNCING_USERS_MS
+        )
+
+        self._busy_presence_enabled = hs.config.experimental.msc3026_enabled
+
+        hs.get_reactor().addSystemEventTrigger(
+            "before",
+            "shutdown",
+            run_as_background_process,
+            "generic_presence.on_shutdown",
+            self._on_shutdown,
+        )
+
+    def _on_shutdown(self):
+        if self._presence_enabled:
+            self.hs.get_tcp_replication().send_command(
+                ClearUserSyncsCommand(self.instance_id)
+            )
+
+    def send_user_sync(self, user_id, is_syncing, last_sync_ms):
+        if self._presence_enabled:
+            self.hs.get_tcp_replication().send_user_sync(
+                self.instance_id, user_id, is_syncing, last_sync_ms
+            )
+
+    def mark_as_coming_online(self, user_id):
+        """A user has started syncing. Send a UserSync to the master, unless they
+        had recently stopped syncing.
+
+        Args:
+            user_id (str)
+        """
+        going_offline = self.users_going_offline.pop(user_id, None)
+        if not going_offline:
+            # Safe to skip because we haven't yet told the master they were offline
+            self.send_user_sync(user_id, True, self.clock.time_msec())
+
+    def mark_as_going_offline(self, user_id):
+        """A user has stopped syncing. We wait before notifying the master as
+        its likely they'll come back soon. This allows us to avoid sending
+        a stopped syncing immediately followed by a started syncing notification
+        to the master
+
+        Args:
+            user_id (str)
+        """
+        self.users_going_offline[user_id] = self.clock.time_msec()
+
+    def send_stop_syncing(self):
+        """Check if there are any users who have stopped syncing a while ago
+        and haven't come back yet. If there are poke the master about them.
+        """
+        now = self.clock.time_msec()
+        for user_id, last_sync_ms in list(self.users_going_offline.items()):
+            if now - last_sync_ms > UPDATE_SYNCING_USERS_MS:
+                self.users_going_offline.pop(user_id, None)
+                self.send_user_sync(user_id, False, last_sync_ms)
+
+    async def user_syncing(
+        self, user_id: str, affect_presence: bool
+    ) -> ContextManager[None]:
+        """Record that a user is syncing.
+
+        Called by the sync and events servlets to record that a user has connected to
+        this worker and is waiting for some events.
+        """
+        if not affect_presence or not self._presence_enabled:
+            return _NullContextManager()
+
+        curr_sync = self._user_to_num_current_syncs.get(user_id, 0)
+        self._user_to_num_current_syncs[user_id] = curr_sync + 1
+
+        # If we went from no in flight sync to some, notify replication
+        if self._user_to_num_current_syncs[user_id] == 1:
+            self.mark_as_coming_online(user_id)
+
+        def _end():
+            # We check that the user_id is in user_to_num_current_syncs because
+            # user_to_num_current_syncs may have been cleared if we are
+            # shutting down.
+            if user_id in self._user_to_num_current_syncs:
+                self._user_to_num_current_syncs[user_id] -= 1
+
+                # If we went from one in flight sync to non, notify replication
+                if self._user_to_num_current_syncs[user_id] == 0:
+                    self.mark_as_going_offline(user_id)
+
+        @contextlib.contextmanager
+        def _user_syncing():
+            try:
+                yield
+            finally:
+                _end()
+
+        return _user_syncing()
+
+    async def notify_from_replication(self, states, stream_id):
+        parties = await get_interested_parties(self.store, self.presence_router, states)
+        room_ids_to_states, users_to_states = parties
+
+        self.notifier.on_new_event(
+            "presence_key",
+            stream_id,
+            rooms=room_ids_to_states.keys(),
+            users=users_to_states.keys(),
+        )
+
+        # If this is a federation sender, notify about presence updates.
+        await self.maybe_send_presence_to_interested_destinations(states)
+
+    async def process_replication_rows(
+        self, stream_name: str, instance_name: str, token: int, rows: list
+    ):
+        await super().process_replication_rows(stream_name, instance_name, token, rows)
+
+        if stream_name != PresenceStream.NAME:
+            return
+
+        states = [
+            UserPresenceState(
+                row.user_id,
+                row.state,
+                row.last_active_ts,
+                row.last_federation_update_ts,
+                row.last_user_sync_ts,
+                row.status_msg,
+                row.currently_active,
+            )
+            for row in rows
+        ]
+
+        for state in states:
+            self.user_to_current_state[state.user_id] = state
+
+        stream_id = token
+        await self.notify_from_replication(states, stream_id)
+
+    def get_currently_syncing_users_for_replication(self) -> Iterable[str]:
+        return [
+            user_id
+            for user_id, count in self._user_to_num_current_syncs.items()
+            if count > 0
+        ]
+
+    async def set_state(self, target_user, state, ignore_status_msg=False):
+        """Set the presence state of the user."""
+        presence = state["presence"]
+
+        valid_presence = (
+            PresenceState.ONLINE,
+            PresenceState.UNAVAILABLE,
+            PresenceState.OFFLINE,
+            PresenceState.BUSY,
+        )
+
+        if presence not in valid_presence or (
+            presence == PresenceState.BUSY and not self._busy_presence_enabled
+        ):
+            raise SynapseError(400, "Invalid presence state")
+
+        user_id = target_user.to_string()
+
+        # If presence is disabled, no-op
+        if not self.hs.config.use_presence:
+            return
+
+        # Proxy request to master
+        await self._set_state_client(
+            user_id=user_id, state=state, ignore_status_msg=ignore_status_msg
+        )
+
+    async def bump_presence_active_time(self, user):
+        """We've seen the user do something that indicates they're interacting
+        with the app.
+        """
+        # If presence is disabled, no-op
+        if not self.hs.config.use_presence:
+            return
+
+        # Proxy request to master
+        user_id = user.to_string()
+        await self._bump_active_client(user_id=user_id)
+
 
 class PresenceHandler(BasePresenceHandler):
     def __init__(self, hs: "HomeServer"):
         super().__init__(hs)
         self.hs = hs
-        self.is_mine_id = hs.is_mine_id
         self.server_name = hs.hostname
         self.wheel_timer = WheelTimer()
         self.notifier = hs.get_notifier()
-        self.federation = hs.get_federation_sender()
-        self.state = hs.get_state_handler()
-        self.presence_router = hs.get_presence_router()
         self._presence_enabled = hs.config.use_presence
 
         federation_registry = hs.get_federation_registry()
@@ -427,6 +722,13 @@ class PresenceHandler(BasePresenceHandler):
             self.unpersisted_users_changes |= {s.user_id for s in new_states}
             self.unpersisted_users_changes -= set(to_notify.keys())
 
+            # Check if we need to resend any presence states to remote hosts. We
+            # only do this for states that haven't been updated in a while to
+            # ensure that the remote host doesn't time the presence state out.
+            #
+            # Note that since these are states that have *not* been updated,
+            # they won't get sent down the normal presence replication stream,
+            # and so we have to explicitly send them via the federation stream.
             to_federation_ping = {
                 user_id: state
                 for user_id, state in to_federation_ping.items()
@@ -435,7 +737,17 @@ class PresenceHandler(BasePresenceHandler):
             if to_federation_ping:
                 federation_presence_out_counter.inc(len(to_federation_ping))
 
-                self._push_to_remotes(to_federation_ping.values())
+                hosts_and_states = await get_interested_remotes(
+                    self.store,
+                    self.presence_router,
+                    list(to_federation_ping.values()),
+                    self.state,
+                )
+
+                for destinations, states in hosts_and_states:
+                    self._federation_queue.send_presence_to_destinations(
+                        states, destinations
+                    )
 
     async def _handle_timeouts(self):
         """Checks the presence of users that have timed out and updates as
@@ -675,15 +987,10 @@ class PresenceHandler(BasePresenceHandler):
             users=[UserID.from_string(u) for u in users_to_states],
         )
 
-        self._push_to_remotes(states)
-
-    def _push_to_remotes(self, states):
-        """Sends state updates to remote servers.
-
-        Args:
-            states (list(UserPresenceState))
-        """
-        self.federation.send_presence(states)
+        # We only want to poke the local federation sender, if any, as other
+        # workers will receive the presence updates via the presence replication
+        # stream (which is updated by `store.update_presence`).
+        await self.maybe_send_presence_to_interested_destinations(states)
 
     async def incoming_presence(self, origin, content):
         """Called when we receive a `m.presence` EDU from a remote server."""
@@ -921,7 +1228,7 @@ class PresenceHandler(BasePresenceHandler):
 
         # Send out user presence updates for each destination
         for destination, user_state_set in presence_destinations.items():
-            self.federation.send_presence_to_destinations(
+            self._federation_queue.send_presence_to_destinations(
                 destinations=[destination], states=user_state_set
             )
 
@@ -1566,3 +1873,197 @@ async def get_interested_remotes(
         hosts_and_states.append(([host], states))
 
     return hosts_and_states
+
+
+class PresenceFederationQueue:
+    """Handles sending ad hoc presence updates over federation, which are *not*
+    due to state updates (that get handled via the presence stream), e.g.
+    federation pings and sending existing present states to newly joined hosts.
+
+    Only the last N minutes will be queued, so if a federation sender instance
+    is down for longer then some updates will be dropped. This is OK as presence
+    is ephemeral, and so it will self correct eventually.
+
+    On workers the class tracks the last received position of the stream from
+    replication, and handles querying for missed updates over HTTP replication,
+    c.f. `get_current_token` and `get_replication_rows`.
+    """
+
+    # How long to keep entries in the queue for. Workers that are down for
+    # longer than this duration will miss out on older updates.
+    _KEEP_ITEMS_IN_QUEUE_FOR_MS = 5 * 60 * 1000
+
+    # How often to check if we can expire entries from the queue.
+    _CLEAR_ITEMS_EVERY_MS = 60 * 1000
+
+    def __init__(self, hs: "HomeServer", presence_handler: BasePresenceHandler):
+        self._clock = hs.get_clock()
+        self._notifier = hs.get_notifier()
+        self._instance_name = hs.get_instance_name()
+        self._presence_handler = presence_handler
+        self._repl_client = ReplicationGetStreamUpdates.make_client(hs)
+
+        # Should we keep a queue of recent presence updates? We only bother if
+        # another process may be handling federation sending.
+        self._queue_presence_updates = True
+
+        # Whether this instance is a presence writer.
+        self._presence_writer = hs.config.worker.worker_app is None
+
+        # The FederationSender instance, if this process sends federation traffic directly.
+        self._federation = None
+
+        if hs.should_send_federation():
+            self._federation = hs.get_federation_sender()
+
+            # We don't bother queuing up presence states if only this instance
+            # is sending federation.
+            if hs.config.worker.federation_shard_config.instances == [
+                self._instance_name
+            ]:
+                self._queue_presence_updates = False
+
+        # The queue of recently queued updates as tuples of: `(timestamp,
+        # stream_id, destinations, user_ids)`. We don't store the full states
+        # for efficiency, and remote workers will already have the full states
+        # cached.
+        self._queue = []  # type: List[Tuple[int, int, Collection[str], Set[str]]]
+
+        self._next_id = 1
+
+        # Map from instance name to current token
+        self._current_tokens = {}  # type: Dict[str, int]
+
+        if self._queue_presence_updates:
+            self._clock.looping_call(self._clear_queue, self._CLEAR_ITEMS_EVERY_MS)
+
+    def _clear_queue(self):
+        """Clear out older entries from the queue."""
+        clear_before = self._clock.time_msec() - self._KEEP_ITEMS_IN_QUEUE_FOR_MS
+
+        # The queue is sorted by timestamp, so we can bisect to find the right
+        # place to purge before. Note that we are searching using a 1-tuple with
+        # the time, which does The Right Thing since the queue is a tuple where
+        # the first item is a timestamp.
+        index = bisect(self._queue, (clear_before,))
+        self._queue = self._queue[index:]
+
+    def send_presence_to_destinations(
+        self, states: Collection[UserPresenceState], destinations: Collection[str]
+    ) -> None:
+        """Send the presence states to the given destinations.
+
+        Will forward to the local federation sender (if there is one) and queue
+        to send over replication (if there are other federation sender instances.).
+
+        Must only be called on the master process.
+        """
+
+        # This should only be called on a presence writer.
+        assert self._presence_writer
+
+        if self._federation:
+            self._federation.send_presence_to_destinations(
+                states=states,
+                destinations=destinations,
+            )
+
+        if not self._queue_presence_updates:
+            return
+
+        now = self._clock.time_msec()
+
+        stream_id = self._next_id
+        self._next_id += 1
+
+        self._queue.append((now, stream_id, destinations, {s.user_id for s in states}))
+
+        self._notifier.notify_replication()
+
+    def get_current_token(self, instance_name: str) -> int:
+        """Get the current position of the stream.
+
+        On workers this returns the last stream ID received from replication.
+        """
+        if instance_name == self._instance_name:
+            return self._next_id - 1
+        else:
+            return self._current_tokens.get(instance_name, 0)
+
+    async def get_replication_rows(
+        self,
+        instance_name: str,
+        from_token: int,
+        upto_token: int,
+        target_row_count: int,
+    ) -> Tuple[List[Tuple[int, Tuple[str, str]]], int, bool]:
+        """Get all the updates between the two tokens.
+
+        We return rows in the form of `(destination, user_id)` to keep the size
+        of each row bounded (rather than returning the sets in a row).
+
+        On workers this will query the master process via HTTP replication.
+        """
+        if instance_name != self._instance_name:
+            # If not local we query over http replication from the master
+            result = await self._repl_client(
+                instance_name=instance_name,
+                stream_name=PresenceFederationStream.NAME,
+                from_token=from_token,
+                upto_token=upto_token,
+            )
+            return result["updates"], result["upto_token"], result["limited"]
+
+        # We can find the correct position in the queue by noting that there is
+        # exactly one entry per stream ID, and that the last entry has an ID of
+        # `self._next_id - 1`, so we can count backwards from the end.
+        #
+        # Since the start of the queue is periodically truncated we need to
+        # handle the case where `from_token` stream ID has already been dropped.
+        start_idx = max(from_token - self._next_id, -len(self._queue))
+
+        to_send = []  # type: List[Tuple[int, Tuple[str, str]]]
+        limited = False
+        new_id = upto_token
+        for _, stream_id, destinations, user_ids in self._queue[start_idx:]:
+            if stream_id > upto_token:
+                break
+
+            new_id = stream_id
+
+            to_send.extend(
+                (stream_id, (destination, user_id))
+                for destination in destinations
+                for user_id in user_ids
+            )
+
+            if len(to_send) > target_row_count:
+                limited = True
+                break
+
+        return to_send, new_id, limited
+
+    async def process_replication_rows(
+        self, stream_name: str, instance_name: str, token: int, rows: list
+    ):
+        if stream_name != PresenceFederationStream.NAME:
+            return
+
+        # We keep track of the current tokens (so that we can catch up with anything we missed after a disconnect)
+        self._current_tokens[instance_name] = token
+
+        # If we're a federation sender we pull out the presence states to send
+        # and forward them on.
+        if not self._federation:
+            return
+
+        hosts_to_users = {}  # type: Dict[str, Set[str]]
+        for row in rows:
+            hosts_to_users.setdefault(row.destination, set()).add(row.user_id)
+
+        for host, user_ids in hosts_to_users.items():
+            states = await self._presence_handler.current_state_for_users(user_ids)
+            self._federation.send_presence_to_destinations(
+                states=states.values(),
+                destinations=[host],
+            )
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/profile.py b/synapse/handlers/profile.py
index a755363c3f..05b4a97b59 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/profile.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/profile.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/read_marker.py b/synapse/handlers/read_marker.py
index a54fe1968e..c679a8303e 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/read_marker.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/read_marker.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2017 Vector Creations Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/receipts.py b/synapse/handlers/receipts.py
index dbfe9bfaca..f782d9db32 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/receipts.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/receipts.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/register.py b/synapse/handlers/register.py
index 3b6660c873..007fb12840 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/register.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/register.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014 - 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/room.py b/synapse/handlers/room.py
index 4b3d0d72e3..5a888b7941 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/room.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/room.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014 - 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2018-2019 New Vector Ltd
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/room_list.py b/synapse/handlers/room_list.py
index 924b81db7c..141c9c0444 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/room_list.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/room_list.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014 - 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/room_member.py b/synapse/handlers/room_member.py
index 894ef859f4..2bbfac6471 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/room_member.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/room_member.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016-2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/room_member_worker.py b/synapse/handlers/room_member_worker.py
index 3a90fc0c16..3e89dd2315 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/room_member_worker.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/room_member_worker.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/saml_handler.py b/synapse/handlers/saml_handler.py
index ec2ba11c75..80ba65b9e0 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/saml_handler.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/saml_handler.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/search.py b/synapse/handlers/search.py
index d742dfbd53..4e718d3f63 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/search.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/search.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/set_password.py b/synapse/handlers/set_password.py
index f98a338ec5..a63fac8283 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/set_password.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/set_password.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2017 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/space_summary.py b/synapse/handlers/space_summary.py
index 5d9418969d..01e3e050f9 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/space_summary.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/space_summary.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2021 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/sso.py b/synapse/handlers/sso.py
index 415b1c2d17..8d00ffdc73 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/sso.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/sso.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/state_deltas.py b/synapse/handlers/state_deltas.py
index ee8f87e59a..077c7c0649 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/state_deltas.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/state_deltas.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/stats.py b/synapse/handlers/stats.py
index 8730f99d03..383e34026e 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/stats.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/stats.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/sync.py b/synapse/handlers/sync.py
index f8d88ef77b..dc8ee8cd17 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/sync.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/sync.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2018, 2019 New Vector Ltd
 #
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/typing.py b/synapse/handlers/typing.py
index bb35af099d..e22393adc4 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/typing.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/typing.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/ui_auth/__init__.py b/synapse/handlers/ui_auth/__init__.py
index a68d5e790e..4c3b669fae 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/ui_auth/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/ui_auth/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/ui_auth/checkers.py b/synapse/handlers/ui_auth/checkers.py
index 3d66bf305e..0eeb7c03f2 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/ui_auth/checkers.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/ui_auth/checkers.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/user_directory.py b/synapse/handlers/user_directory.py
index b121286d95..dacc4f3076 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/user_directory.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/user_directory.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2017 Vector Creations Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
@@ -45,7 +44,6 @@ class UserDirectoryHandler(StateDeltasHandler):
         super().__init__(hs)
 
         self.store = hs.get_datastore()
-        self.state = hs.get_state_handler()
         self.server_name = hs.hostname
         self.clock = hs.get_clock()
         self.notifier = hs.get_notifier()
@@ -303,10 +301,12 @@ class UserDirectoryHandler(StateDeltasHandler):
             # ignore the change
             return
 
-        users_with_profile = await self.state.get_current_users_in_room(room_id)
+        other_users_in_room_with_profiles = (
+            await self.store.get_users_in_room_with_profiles(room_id)
+        )
 
         # Remove every user from the sharing tables for that room.
-        for user_id in users_with_profile.keys():
+        for user_id in other_users_in_room_with_profiles.keys():
             await self.store.remove_user_who_share_room(user_id, room_id)
 
         # Then, re-add them to the tables.
@@ -315,7 +315,7 @@ class UserDirectoryHandler(StateDeltasHandler):
         # which when ran over an entire room, will result in the same values
         # being added multiple times. The batching upserts shouldn't make this
         # too bad, though.
-        for user_id, profile in users_with_profile.items():
+        for user_id, profile in other_users_in_room_with_profiles.items():
             await self._handle_new_user(room_id, user_id, profile)
 
     async def _handle_new_user(
@@ -337,7 +337,7 @@ class UserDirectoryHandler(StateDeltasHandler):
             room_id
         )
         # Now we update users who share rooms with users.
-        users_with_profile = await self.state.get_current_users_in_room(room_id)
+        other_users_in_room = await self.store.get_users_in_room(room_id)
 
         if is_public:
             await self.store.add_users_in_public_rooms(room_id, (user_id,))
@@ -353,14 +353,14 @@ class UserDirectoryHandler(StateDeltasHandler):
 
                 # We don't care about appservice users.
                 if not is_appservice:
-                    for other_user_id in users_with_profile:
+                    for other_user_id in other_users_in_room:
                         if user_id == other_user_id:
                             continue
 
                         to_insert.add((user_id, other_user_id))
 
             # Next we need to update for every local user in the room
-            for other_user_id in users_with_profile:
+            for other_user_id in other_users_in_room:
                 if user_id == other_user_id:
                     continue
 
diff --git a/synapse/http/__init__.py b/synapse/http/__init__.py
index 142b007d01..ed4671b7de 100644
--- a/synapse/http/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/http/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
diff --git a/synapse/http/additional_resource.py b/synapse/http/additional_resource.py
index 479746c9c5..55ea97a07f 100644
--- a/synapse/http/additional_resource.py
+++ b/synapse/http/additional_resource.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2017 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/http/client.py b/synapse/http/client.py
index f7a07f0466..1730187ffa 100644
--- a/synapse/http/client.py
+++ b/synapse/http/client.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
diff --git a/synapse/http/connectproxyclient.py b/synapse/http/connectproxyclient.py
index b797e3ce80..17e1c5abb1 100644
--- a/synapse/http/connectproxyclient.py
+++ b/synapse/http/connectproxyclient.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/http/federation/__init__.py b/synapse/http/federation/__init__.py
index 1453d04571..743fb9904a 100644
--- a/synapse/http/federation/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/http/federation/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/http/federation/matrix_federation_agent.py b/synapse/http/federation/matrix_federation_agent.py
index 5935a125fd..950770201a 100644
--- a/synapse/http/federation/matrix_federation_agent.py
+++ b/synapse/http/federation/matrix_federation_agent.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/http/federation/srv_resolver.py b/synapse/http/federation/srv_resolver.py
index d9620032d2..b8ed4ec905 100644
--- a/synapse/http/federation/srv_resolver.py
+++ b/synapse/http/federation/srv_resolver.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
 #
diff --git a/synapse/http/federation/well_known_resolver.py b/synapse/http/federation/well_known_resolver.py
index ce4079f15c..20d39a4ea6 100644
--- a/synapse/http/federation/well_known_resolver.py
+++ b/synapse/http/federation/well_known_resolver.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/http/matrixfederationclient.py b/synapse/http/matrixfederationclient.py
index ab47dec8f2..d48721a4e2 100644
--- a/synapse/http/matrixfederationclient.py
+++ b/synapse/http/matrixfederationclient.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
diff --git a/synapse/http/proxyagent.py b/synapse/http/proxyagent.py
index ea5ad14cb0..7dfae8b786 100644
--- a/synapse/http/proxyagent.py
+++ b/synapse/http/proxyagent.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/http/request_metrics.py b/synapse/http/request_metrics.py
index 0ec5d941b8..602f93c497 100644
--- a/synapse/http/request_metrics.py
+++ b/synapse/http/request_metrics.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
diff --git a/synapse/http/server.py b/synapse/http/server.py
index fa89260850..845651e606 100644
--- a/synapse/http/server.py
+++ b/synapse/http/server.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
diff --git a/synapse/http/servlet.py b/synapse/http/servlet.py
index 0e637f4701..31897546a9 100644
--- a/synapse/http/servlet.py
+++ b/synapse/http/servlet.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/logging/__init__.py b/synapse/logging/__init__.py
index b28b7b2ef7..e00969f8b1 100644
--- a/synapse/logging/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/logging/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/logging/_remote.py b/synapse/logging/_remote.py
index 643492ceaf..c515690b38 100644
--- a/synapse/logging/_remote.py
+++ b/synapse/logging/_remote.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
@@ -227,11 +226,11 @@ class RemoteHandler(logging.Handler):
         old_buffer = self._buffer
         self._buffer = deque()
 
-        for i in range(buffer_split):
+        for _ in range(buffer_split):
             self._buffer.append(old_buffer.popleft())
 
         end_buffer = []
-        for i in range(buffer_split):
+        for _ in range(buffer_split):
             end_buffer.append(old_buffer.pop())
 
         self._buffer.extend(reversed(end_buffer))
diff --git a/synapse/logging/_structured.py b/synapse/logging/_structured.py
index 3e054f615c..c7a971a9d6 100644
--- a/synapse/logging/_structured.py
+++ b/synapse/logging/_structured.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/logging/_terse_json.py b/synapse/logging/_terse_json.py
index 2fbf5549a1..8002a250a2 100644
--- a/synapse/logging/_terse_json.py
+++ b/synapse/logging/_terse_json.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/logging/filter.py b/synapse/logging/filter.py
index 1baf8dd679..ed51a4726c 100644
--- a/synapse/logging/filter.py
+++ b/synapse/logging/filter.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/logging/formatter.py b/synapse/logging/formatter.py
index 11f60a77f7..c0f12ecd15 100644
--- a/synapse/logging/formatter.py
+++ b/synapse/logging/formatter.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2017 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/logging/opentracing.py b/synapse/logging/opentracing.py
index bfe9136fd8..fba2fa3904 100644
--- a/synapse/logging/opentracing.py
+++ b/synapse/logging/opentracing.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/logging/scopecontextmanager.py b/synapse/logging/scopecontextmanager.py
index 7b9c657456..b1e8e08fe9 100644
--- a/synapse/logging/scopecontextmanager.py
+++ b/synapse/logging/scopecontextmanager.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/logging/utils.py b/synapse/logging/utils.py
index fd3543ab04..08895e72ee 100644
--- a/synapse/logging/utils.py
+++ b/synapse/logging/utils.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/metrics/__init__.py b/synapse/metrics/__init__.py
index 13a5bc4558..31b7b3c256 100644
--- a/synapse/metrics/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/metrics/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/metrics/_exposition.py b/synapse/metrics/_exposition.py
index 71320a1402..8002be56e0 100644
--- a/synapse/metrics/_exposition.py
+++ b/synapse/metrics/_exposition.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015-2019 Prometheus Python Client Developers
 # Copyright 2019 Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
diff --git a/synapse/metrics/background_process_metrics.py b/synapse/metrics/background_process_metrics.py
index 78e9cfbc26..c56f0dd124 100644
--- a/synapse/metrics/background_process_metrics.py
+++ b/synapse/metrics/background_process_metrics.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/module_api/__init__.py b/synapse/module_api/__init__.py
index ca1bd4cdc9..a1a2b9aecc 100644
--- a/synapse/module_api/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/module_api/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2017 New Vector Ltd
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
@@ -51,6 +50,7 @@ class ModuleApi:
         self._auth_handler = auth_handler
         self._server_name = hs.hostname
         self._presence_stream = hs.get_event_sources().sources["presence"]
+        self._state = hs.get_state_handler()
 
         # We expose these as properties below in order to attach a helpful docstring.
         self._http_client = hs.get_simple_http_client()  # type: SimpleHttpClient
@@ -430,11 +430,13 @@ class ModuleApi:
                     UserID.from_string(user), from_key=None, include_offline=False
                 )
 
-                # Send to remote destinations
-                await make_deferred_yieldable(
-                    # We pull the federation sender here as we can only do so on workers
-                    # that support sending presence
-                    self._hs.get_federation_sender().send_presence(presence_events)
+                # Send to remote destinations.
+
+                # We pull out the presence handler here to break a cyclic
+                # dependency between the presence router and module API.
+                presence_handler = self._hs.get_presence_handler()
+                await presence_handler.maybe_send_presence_to_interested_destinations(
+                    presence_events
                 )
 
 
diff --git a/synapse/module_api/errors.py b/synapse/module_api/errors.py
index b15441772c..d24864c549 100644
--- a/synapse/module_api/errors.py
+++ b/synapse/module_api/errors.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/notifier.py b/synapse/notifier.py
index 7ce34380af..d5ab77058d 100644
--- a/synapse/notifier.py
+++ b/synapse/notifier.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014 - 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/push/__init__.py b/synapse/push/__init__.py
index 9fc3da49a2..2c23afe8e3 100644
--- a/synapse/push/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/push/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/push/action_generator.py b/synapse/push/action_generator.py
index 38a47a600f..60758df016 100644
--- a/synapse/push/action_generator.py
+++ b/synapse/push/action_generator.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/push/bulk_push_rule_evaluator.py b/synapse/push/bulk_push_rule_evaluator.py
index 1897f59153..50b470c310 100644
--- a/synapse/push/bulk_push_rule_evaluator.py
+++ b/synapse/push/bulk_push_rule_evaluator.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2017 New Vector Ltd
 #
diff --git a/synapse/push/clientformat.py b/synapse/push/clientformat.py
index 0cadba761a..2ee0ccd58a 100644
--- a/synapse/push/clientformat.py
+++ b/synapse/push/clientformat.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/push/emailpusher.py b/synapse/push/emailpusher.py
index c0968dc7a1..cd89b54305 100644
--- a/synapse/push/emailpusher.py
+++ b/synapse/push/emailpusher.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/push/httppusher.py b/synapse/push/httppusher.py
index 26af5309c1..06bf5f8ada 100644
--- a/synapse/push/httppusher.py
+++ b/synapse/push/httppusher.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2017 New Vector Ltd
 #
diff --git a/synapse/push/mailer.py b/synapse/push/mailer.py
index 2e5161de2c..c4b43b0d3f 100644
--- a/synapse/push/mailer.py
+++ b/synapse/push/mailer.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/push/presentable_names.py b/synapse/push/presentable_names.py
index 04c2c1482c..412941393f 100644
--- a/synapse/push/presentable_names.py
+++ b/synapse/push/presentable_names.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/push/push_rule_evaluator.py b/synapse/push/push_rule_evaluator.py
index ba1877adcd..49ecb38522 100644
--- a/synapse/push/push_rule_evaluator.py
+++ b/synapse/push/push_rule_evaluator.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2017 New Vector Ltd
 #
diff --git a/synapse/push/push_tools.py b/synapse/push/push_tools.py
index df34103224..9c85200c0f 100644
--- a/synapse/push/push_tools.py
+++ b/synapse/push/push_tools.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/push/pusher.py b/synapse/push/pusher.py
index cb94127850..c51938b8cf 100644
--- a/synapse/push/pusher.py
+++ b/synapse/push/pusher.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/push/pusherpool.py b/synapse/push/pusherpool.py
index 4c7f5fecee..579fcdf472 100644
--- a/synapse/push/pusherpool.py
+++ b/synapse/push/pusherpool.py
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
@@ -63,7 +62,9 @@ class PusherPool:
         self.store = self.hs.get_datastore()
         self.clock = self.hs.get_clock()
 
-        self._account_validity = hs.config.account_validity
+        self._account_validity_enabled = (
+            hs.config.account_validity.account_validity_enabled
+        )
 
         # We shard the handling of push notifications by user ID.
         self._pusher_shard_config = hs.config.push.pusher_shard_config
@@ -237,7 +238,7 @@ class PusherPool:
 
             for u in users_affected:
                 # Don't push if the user account has expired
-                if self._account_validity.enabled:
+                if self._account_validity_enabled:
                     expired = await self.store.is_account_expired(
                         u, self.clock.time_msec()
                     )
@@ -267,7 +268,7 @@ class PusherPool:
 
             for u in users_affected:
                 # Don't push if the user account has expired
-                if self._account_validity.enabled:
+                if self._account_validity_enabled:
                     expired = await self.store.is_account_expired(
                         u, self.clock.time_msec()
                     )
diff --git a/synapse/replication/__init__.py b/synapse/replication/__init__.py
index b7df13c9ee..f43a360a80 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/replication/http/__init__.py b/synapse/replication/http/__init__.py
index cb4a52dbe9..ba8114ac9e 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/http/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/http/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/replication/http/_base.py b/synapse/replication/http/_base.py
index b7aa0c280f..ece03467b5 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/http/_base.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/http/_base.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/replication/http/account_data.py b/synapse/replication/http/account_data.py
index 60899b6ad6..70e951af63 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/http/account_data.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/http/account_data.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2021 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/replication/http/devices.py b/synapse/replication/http/devices.py
index 807b85d2e1..5a5818ef61 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/http/devices.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/http/devices.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/replication/http/federation.py b/synapse/replication/http/federation.py
index 82ea3b895f..79cadb7b57 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/http/federation.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/http/federation.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/replication/http/login.py b/synapse/replication/http/login.py
index 4ec1bfa6ea..c2e8c00293 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/http/login.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/http/login.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/replication/http/membership.py b/synapse/replication/http/membership.py
index c10992ff51..289a397d68 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/http/membership.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/http/membership.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/replication/http/presence.py b/synapse/replication/http/presence.py
index bc9aa82cb4..f25307620d 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/http/presence.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/http/presence.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/replication/http/push.py b/synapse/replication/http/push.py
index 054ed64d34..139427cb1f 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/http/push.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/http/push.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2021 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/replication/http/register.py b/synapse/replication/http/register.py
index 73d7477854..d6dd7242eb 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/http/register.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/http/register.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/replication/http/send_event.py b/synapse/replication/http/send_event.py
index a4c5b44292..fae5ffa451 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/http/send_event.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/http/send_event.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/replication/http/streams.py b/synapse/replication/http/streams.py
index 309159e304..9afa147d00 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/http/streams.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/http/streams.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/replication/slave/__init__.py b/synapse/replication/slave/__init__.py
index b7df13c9ee..f43a360a80 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/slave/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/slave/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/__init__.py b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/__init__.py
index b7df13c9ee..f43a360a80 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/_base.py b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/_base.py
index 693c9ab901..faa99387a7 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/_base.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/_base.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/_slaved_id_tracker.py b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/_slaved_id_tracker.py
index 0d39a93ed2..2cb7489047 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/_slaved_id_tracker.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/_slaved_id_tracker.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/account_data.py b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/account_data.py
index 21afe5f155..ee74ee7d85 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/account_data.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/account_data.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
diff --git a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/appservice.py b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/appservice.py
index 0f8d7037bd..29f50c0add 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/appservice.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/appservice.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
diff --git a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/client_ips.py b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/client_ips.py
index 0f5b7adef7..8730966380 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/client_ips.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/client_ips.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2017 Vector Creations Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/deviceinbox.py b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/deviceinbox.py
index 1260f6d141..e940751084 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/deviceinbox.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/deviceinbox.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/devices.py b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/devices.py
index e0d86240dd..70207420a6 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/devices.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/devices.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/directory.py b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/directory.py
index 1945bcf9a8..71fde0c96c 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/directory.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/directory.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/events.py b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/events.py
index fbffe6d85c..d4d3f8c448 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/events.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/events.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
diff --git a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/filtering.py b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/filtering.py
index 6a23252861..37875bc973 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/filtering.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/filtering.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/groups.py b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/groups.py
index 30955bcbfe..e9bdc38470 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/groups.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/groups.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/keys.py b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/keys.py
index 961579751c..a00b38c512 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/keys.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/keys.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/presence.py b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/presence.py
index 55620c03d8..57327d910d 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/presence.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/presence.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/profile.py b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/profile.py
index f85b20a071..99f4a22642 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/profile.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/profile.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/push_rule.py b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/push_rule.py
index de904c943c..4d5f862862 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/push_rule.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/push_rule.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
diff --git a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/pushers.py b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/pushers.py
index 93161c3dfb..2672a2c94b 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/pushers.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/pushers.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
diff --git a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/receipts.py b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/receipts.py
index 3dfdd9961d..3826b87dec 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/receipts.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/receipts.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
diff --git a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/registration.py b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/registration.py
index a40f064e2b..5dae35a960 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/registration.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/registration.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/room.py b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/room.py
index 109ac6bea1..8cc6de3f46 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/room.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/room.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/transactions.py b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/transactions.py
index 2091ac0df6..a59e543924 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/transactions.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/transactions.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/replication/tcp/__init__.py b/synapse/replication/tcp/__init__.py
index 1b8718b11d..1fa60af8e6 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/tcp/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/tcp/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2017 Vector Creations Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/replication/tcp/client.py b/synapse/replication/tcp/client.py
index 3455839d67..4f3c6a18b6 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/tcp/client.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/tcp/client.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2017 Vector Creations Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
@@ -15,22 +14,35 @@
 """A replication client for use by synapse workers.
 """
 import logging
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Dict, List, Tuple
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Dict, List, Optional, Set, Tuple
 
 from twisted.internet.defer import Deferred
 from twisted.internet.protocol import ReconnectingClientFactory
 
 from synapse.api.constants import EventTypes
+from synapse.federation import send_queue
+from synapse.federation.sender import FederationSender
 from synapse.logging.context import PreserveLoggingContext, make_deferred_yieldable
+from synapse.metrics.background_process_metrics import run_as_background_process
 from synapse.replication.tcp.protocol import ClientReplicationStreamProtocol
-from synapse.replication.tcp.streams import TypingStream
+from synapse.replication.tcp.streams import (
+    AccountDataStream,
+    DeviceListsStream,
+    GroupServerStream,
+    PushersStream,
+    PushRulesStream,
+    ReceiptsStream,
+    TagAccountDataStream,
+    ToDeviceStream,
+    TypingStream,
+)
 from synapse.replication.tcp.streams.events import (
     EventsStream,
     EventsStreamEventRow,
     EventsStreamRow,
 )
-from synapse.types import PersistedEventPosition, UserID
-from synapse.util.async_helpers import timeout_deferred
+from synapse.types import PersistedEventPosition, ReadReceipt, UserID
+from synapse.util.async_helpers import Linearizer, timeout_deferred
 from synapse.util.metrics import Measure
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
@@ -106,6 +118,14 @@ class ReplicationDataHandler:
         self._instance_name = hs.get_instance_name()
         self._typing_handler = hs.get_typing_handler()
 
+        self._notify_pushers = hs.config.start_pushers
+        self._pusher_pool = hs.get_pusherpool()
+        self._presence_handler = hs.get_presence_handler()
+
+        self.send_handler = None  # type: Optional[FederationSenderHandler]
+        if hs.should_send_federation():
+            self.send_handler = FederationSenderHandler(hs)
+
         # Map from stream to list of deferreds waiting for the stream to
         # arrive at a particular position. The lists are sorted by stream position.
         self._streams_to_waiters = {}  # type: Dict[str, List[Tuple[int, Deferred]]]
@@ -126,13 +146,51 @@ class ReplicationDataHandler:
         """
         self.store.process_replication_rows(stream_name, instance_name, token, rows)
 
+        if self.send_handler:
+            await self.send_handler.process_replication_rows(stream_name, token, rows)
+
         if stream_name == TypingStream.NAME:
             self._typing_handler.process_replication_rows(token, rows)
             self.notifier.on_new_event(
                 "typing_key", token, rooms=[row.room_id for row in rows]
             )
-
-        if stream_name == EventsStream.NAME:
+        elif stream_name == PushRulesStream.NAME:
+            self.notifier.on_new_event(
+                "push_rules_key", token, users=[row.user_id for row in rows]
+            )
+        elif stream_name in (AccountDataStream.NAME, TagAccountDataStream.NAME):
+            self.notifier.on_new_event(
+                "account_data_key", token, users=[row.user_id for row in rows]
+            )
+        elif stream_name == ReceiptsStream.NAME:
+            self.notifier.on_new_event(
+                "receipt_key", token, rooms=[row.room_id for row in rows]
+            )
+            await self._pusher_pool.on_new_receipts(
+                token, token, {row.room_id for row in rows}
+            )
+        elif stream_name == ToDeviceStream.NAME:
+            entities = [row.entity for row in rows if row.entity.startswith("@")]
+            if entities:
+                self.notifier.on_new_event("to_device_key", token, users=entities)
+        elif stream_name == DeviceListsStream.NAME:
+            all_room_ids = set()  # type: Set[str]
+            for row in rows:
+                if row.entity.startswith("@"):
+                    room_ids = await self.store.get_rooms_for_user(row.entity)
+                    all_room_ids.update(room_ids)
+            self.notifier.on_new_event("device_list_key", token, rooms=all_room_ids)
+        elif stream_name == GroupServerStream.NAME:
+            self.notifier.on_new_event(
+                "groups_key", token, users=[row.user_id for row in rows]
+            )
+        elif stream_name == PushersStream.NAME:
+            for row in rows:
+                if row.deleted:
+                    self.stop_pusher(row.user_id, row.app_id, row.pushkey)
+                else:
+                    await self.start_pusher(row.user_id, row.app_id, row.pushkey)
+        elif stream_name == EventsStream.NAME:
             # We shouldn't get multiple rows per token for events stream, so
             # we don't need to optimise this for multiple rows.
             for row in rows:
@@ -160,6 +218,10 @@ class ReplicationDataHandler:
                     membership=row.data.membership,
                 )
 
+        await self._presence_handler.process_replication_rows(
+            stream_name, instance_name, token, rows
+        )
+
         # Notify any waiting deferreds. The list is ordered by position so we
         # just iterate through the list until we reach a position that is
         # greater than the received row position.
@@ -191,7 +253,7 @@ class ReplicationDataHandler:
         waiting_list[:] = waiting_list[index_of_first_deferred_not_called:]
 
     async def on_position(self, stream_name: str, instance_name: str, token: int):
-        self.store.process_replication_rows(stream_name, instance_name, token, [])
+        await self.on_rdata(stream_name, instance_name, token, [])
 
         # We poke the generic "replication" notifier to wake anything up that
         # may be streaming.
@@ -200,6 +262,11 @@ class ReplicationDataHandler:
     def on_remote_server_up(self, server: str):
         """Called when get a new REMOTE_SERVER_UP command."""
 
+        # Let's wake up the transaction queue for the server in case we have
+        # pending stuff to send to it.
+        if self.send_handler:
+            self.send_handler.wake_destination(server)
+
     async def wait_for_stream_position(
         self, instance_name: str, stream_name: str, position: int
     ):
@@ -236,3 +303,153 @@ class ReplicationDataHandler:
             logger.info(
                 "Finished waiting for repl stream %r to reach %s", stream_name, position
             )
+
+    def stop_pusher(self, user_id, app_id, pushkey):
+        if not self._notify_pushers:
+            return
+
+        key = "%s:%s" % (app_id, pushkey)
+        pushers_for_user = self._pusher_pool.pushers.get(user_id, {})
+        pusher = pushers_for_user.pop(key, None)
+        if pusher is None:
+            return
+        logger.info("Stopping pusher %r / %r", user_id, key)
+        pusher.on_stop()
+
+    async def start_pusher(self, user_id, app_id, pushkey):
+        if not self._notify_pushers:
+            return
+
+        key = "%s:%s" % (app_id, pushkey)
+        logger.info("Starting pusher %r / %r", user_id, key)
+        return await self._pusher_pool.start_pusher_by_id(app_id, pushkey, user_id)
+
+
+class FederationSenderHandler:
+    """Processes the fedration replication stream
+
+    This class is only instantiate on the worker responsible for sending outbound
+    federation transactions. It receives rows from the replication stream and forwards
+    the appropriate entries to the FederationSender class.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, hs: "HomeServer"):
+        assert hs.should_send_federation()
+
+        self.store = hs.get_datastore()
+        self._is_mine_id = hs.is_mine_id
+        self._hs = hs
+
+        # We need to make a temporary value to ensure that mypy picks up the
+        # right type. We know we should have a federation sender instance since
+        # `should_send_federation` is True.
+        sender = hs.get_federation_sender()
+        assert isinstance(sender, FederationSender)
+        self.federation_sender = sender
+
+        # Stores the latest position in the federation stream we've gotten up
+        # to. This is always set before we use it.
+        self.federation_position = None  # type: Optional[int]
+
+        self._fed_position_linearizer = Linearizer(name="_fed_position_linearizer")
+
+    def wake_destination(self, server: str):
+        self.federation_sender.wake_destination(server)
+
+    async def process_replication_rows(self, stream_name, token, rows):
+        # The federation stream contains things that we want to send out, e.g.
+        # presence, typing, etc.
+        if stream_name == "federation":
+            send_queue.process_rows_for_federation(self.federation_sender, rows)
+            await self.update_token(token)
+
+        # ... and when new receipts happen
+        elif stream_name == ReceiptsStream.NAME:
+            await self._on_new_receipts(rows)
+
+        # ... as well as device updates and messages
+        elif stream_name == DeviceListsStream.NAME:
+            # The entities are either user IDs (starting with '@') whose devices
+            # have changed, or remote servers that we need to tell about
+            # changes.
+            hosts = {row.entity for row in rows if not row.entity.startswith("@")}
+            for host in hosts:
+                self.federation_sender.send_device_messages(host)
+
+        elif stream_name == ToDeviceStream.NAME:
+            # The to_device stream includes stuff to be pushed to both local
+            # clients and remote servers, so we ignore entities that start with
+            # '@' (since they'll be local users rather than destinations).
+            hosts = {row.entity for row in rows if not row.entity.startswith("@")}
+            for host in hosts:
+                self.federation_sender.send_device_messages(host)
+
+    async def _on_new_receipts(self, rows):
+        """
+        Args:
+            rows (Iterable[synapse.replication.tcp.streams.ReceiptsStream.ReceiptsStreamRow]):
+                new receipts to be processed
+        """
+        for receipt in rows:
+            # we only want to send on receipts for our own users
+            if not self._is_mine_id(receipt.user_id):
+                continue
+            receipt_info = ReadReceipt(
+                receipt.room_id,
+                receipt.receipt_type,
+                receipt.user_id,
+                [receipt.event_id],
+                receipt.data,
+            )
+            await self.federation_sender.send_read_receipt(receipt_info)
+
+    async def update_token(self, token):
+        """Update the record of where we have processed to in the federation stream.
+
+        Called after we have processed a an update received over replication. Sends
+        a FEDERATION_ACK back to the master, and stores the token that we have processed
+         in `federation_stream_position` so that we can restart where we left off.
+        """
+        self.federation_position = token
+
+        # We save and send the ACK to master asynchronously, so we don't block
+        # processing on persistence. We don't need to do this operation for
+        # every single RDATA we receive, we just need to do it periodically.
+
+        if self._fed_position_linearizer.is_queued(None):
+            # There is already a task queued up to save and send the token, so
+            # no need to queue up another task.
+            return
+
+        run_as_background_process("_save_and_send_ack", self._save_and_send_ack)
+
+    async def _save_and_send_ack(self):
+        """Save the current federation position in the database and send an ACK
+        to master with where we're up to.
+        """
+        # We should only be calling this once we've got a token.
+        assert self.federation_position is not None
+
+        try:
+            # We linearize here to ensure we don't have races updating the token
+            #
+            # XXX this appears to be redundant, since the ReplicationCommandHandler
+            # has a linearizer which ensures that we only process one line of
+            # replication data at a time. Should we remove it, or is it doing useful
+            # service for robustness? Or could we replace it with an assertion that
+            # we're not being re-entered?
+
+            with (await self._fed_position_linearizer.queue(None)):
+                # We persist and ack the same position, so we take a copy of it
+                # here as otherwise it can get modified from underneath us.
+                current_position = self.federation_position
+
+                await self.store.update_federation_out_pos(
+                    "federation", current_position
+                )
+
+                # We ACK this token over replication so that the master can drop
+                # its in memory queues
+                self._hs.get_tcp_replication().send_federation_ack(current_position)
+        except Exception:
+            logger.exception("Error updating federation stream position")
diff --git a/synapse/replication/tcp/commands.py b/synapse/replication/tcp/commands.py
index 8abed1f52d..505d450e19 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/tcp/commands.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/tcp/commands.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2017 Vector Creations Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/replication/tcp/external_cache.py b/synapse/replication/tcp/external_cache.py
index d89a36f25a..1a3b051e3c 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/tcp/external_cache.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/tcp/external_cache.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2021 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/replication/tcp/handler.py b/synapse/replication/tcp/handler.py
index a8894beadf..2ce1b9f222 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/tcp/handler.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/tcp/handler.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2017 Vector Creations Ltd
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
diff --git a/synapse/replication/tcp/protocol.py b/synapse/replication/tcp/protocol.py
index ba753318bd..2df028f315 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/tcp/protocol.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/tcp/protocol.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2017 Vector Creations Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/replication/tcp/redis.py b/synapse/replication/tcp/redis.py
index 98bdeb0ec6..6a2c2655e4 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/tcp/redis.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/tcp/redis.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/replication/tcp/resource.py b/synapse/replication/tcp/resource.py
index 2018f9f29e..bd47d84258 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/tcp/resource.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/tcp/resource.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2017 Vector Creations Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/replication/tcp/streams/__init__.py b/synapse/replication/tcp/streams/__init__.py
index d1a61c3314..4c0023c68a 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/tcp/streams/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/tcp/streams/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2017 Vector Creations Ltd
 # Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
 #
@@ -31,6 +30,7 @@ from synapse.replication.tcp.streams._base import (
     CachesStream,
     DeviceListsStream,
     GroupServerStream,
+    PresenceFederationStream,
     PresenceStream,
     PublicRoomsStream,
     PushersStream,
@@ -51,6 +51,7 @@ STREAMS_MAP = {
         EventsStream,
         BackfillStream,
         PresenceStream,
+        PresenceFederationStream,
         TypingStream,
         ReceiptsStream,
         PushRulesStream,
@@ -72,6 +73,7 @@ __all__ = [
     "Stream",
     "BackfillStream",
     "PresenceStream",
+    "PresenceFederationStream",
     "TypingStream",
     "ReceiptsStream",
     "PushRulesStream",
diff --git a/synapse/replication/tcp/streams/_base.py b/synapse/replication/tcp/streams/_base.py
index 3dfee76743..9d75a89f1c 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/tcp/streams/_base.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/tcp/streams/_base.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2017 Vector Creations Ltd
 # Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
 #
@@ -291,6 +290,30 @@ class PresenceStream(Stream):
         )
 
 
+class PresenceFederationStream(Stream):
+    """A stream used to send ad hoc presence updates over federation.
+
+    Streams the remote destination and the user ID of the presence state to
+    send.
+    """
+
+    @attr.s(slots=True, auto_attribs=True)
+    class PresenceFederationStreamRow:
+        destination: str
+        user_id: str
+
+    NAME = "presence_federation"
+    ROW_TYPE = PresenceFederationStreamRow
+
+    def __init__(self, hs: "HomeServer"):
+        federation_queue = hs.get_presence_handler().get_federation_queue()
+        super().__init__(
+            hs.get_instance_name(),
+            federation_queue.get_current_token,
+            federation_queue.get_replication_rows,
+        )
+
+
 class TypingStream(Stream):
     TypingStreamRow = namedtuple(
         "TypingStreamRow", ("room_id", "user_ids")  # str  # list(str)
diff --git a/synapse/replication/tcp/streams/events.py b/synapse/replication/tcp/streams/events.py
index fa5e37ba7b..e7e87bac92 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/tcp/streams/events.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/tcp/streams/events.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2017 Vector Creations Ltd
 # Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
 #
diff --git a/synapse/replication/tcp/streams/federation.py b/synapse/replication/tcp/streams/federation.py
index 9bb8e9e177..096a85d363 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/tcp/streams/federation.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/tcp/streams/federation.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2017 Vector Creations Ltd
 # Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
 #
diff --git a/synapse/res/templates/account_previously_renewed.html b/synapse/res/templates/account_previously_renewed.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b751359bdf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/res/templates/account_previously_renewed.html
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<html><body>Your account is valid until {{ expiration_ts|format_ts("%d-%m-%Y") }}.</body><html>
diff --git a/synapse/res/templates/account_renewed.html b/synapse/res/templates/account_renewed.html
index 894da030af..e8c0f52f05 100644
--- a/synapse/res/templates/account_renewed.html
+++ b/synapse/res/templates/account_renewed.html
@@ -1 +1 @@
-<html><body>Your account has been successfully renewed.</body><html>
+<html><body>Your account has been successfully renewed and is valid until {{ expiration_ts|format_ts("%d-%m-%Y") }}.</body><html>
diff --git a/synapse/rest/__init__.py b/synapse/rest/__init__.py
index 40f5c32db2..79d52d2dcb 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
diff --git a/synapse/rest/admin/__init__.py b/synapse/rest/admin/__init__.py
index 2dec818a5f..9cb9a9f6aa 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/admin/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/admin/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2018-2019 New Vector Ltd
 # Copyright 2020, 2021 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
diff --git a/synapse/rest/admin/_base.py b/synapse/rest/admin/_base.py
index 7681e55b58..f203f6fdc6 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/admin/_base.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/admin/_base.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/rest/admin/devices.py b/synapse/rest/admin/devices.py
index 5996de11c3..5715190a78 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/admin/devices.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/admin/devices.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 Dirk Klimpel
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/rest/admin/event_reports.py b/synapse/rest/admin/event_reports.py
index 381c3fe685..bbfcaf723b 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/admin/event_reports.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/admin/event_reports.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 Dirk Klimpel
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/rest/admin/groups.py b/synapse/rest/admin/groups.py
index ebc587aa06..3b3ffde0b6 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/admin/groups.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/admin/groups.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/rest/admin/media.py b/synapse/rest/admin/media.py
index 40646ef241..24dd46113a 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/admin/media.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/admin/media.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2018-2019 New Vector Ltd
 #
diff --git a/synapse/rest/admin/purge_room_servlet.py b/synapse/rest/admin/purge_room_servlet.py
index 49966ee3e0..2365ff7a0f 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/admin/purge_room_servlet.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/admin/purge_room_servlet.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/rest/admin/rooms.py b/synapse/rest/admin/rooms.py
index cfe1bebb91..d0cf121743 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/admin/rooms.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/admin/rooms.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019-2021 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/rest/admin/server_notice_servlet.py b/synapse/rest/admin/server_notice_servlet.py
index f495666f4a..cc3ab5854b 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/admin/server_notice_servlet.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/admin/server_notice_servlet.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/rest/admin/statistics.py b/synapse/rest/admin/statistics.py
index f2490e382d..948de94ccd 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/admin/statistics.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/admin/statistics.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 Dirk Klimpel
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/rest/admin/users.py b/synapse/rest/admin/users.py
index 04990c71fb..edda7861fa 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/admin/users.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/admin/users.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/__init__.py b/synapse/rest/client/__init__.py
index fe0ac3f8e9..629e2df74a 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/transactions.py b/synapse/rest/client/transactions.py
index 7be5c0fb88..94ff3719ce 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/transactions.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/transactions.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v1/__init__.py b/synapse/rest/client/v1/__init__.py
index bfebb0f644..5e83dba2ed 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v1/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v1/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v1/directory.py b/synapse/rest/client/v1/directory.py
index e5af26b176..ae92a3df8e 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v1/directory.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v1/directory.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v1/events.py b/synapse/rest/client/v1/events.py
index 6de4078290..ee7454996e 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v1/events.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v1/events.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v1/initial_sync.py b/synapse/rest/client/v1/initial_sync.py
index 91da0ee573..bef1edc838 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v1/initial_sync.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v1/initial_sync.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v1/login.py b/synapse/rest/client/v1/login.py
index 3151e72d4f..42e709ec14 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v1/login.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v1/login.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v1/logout.py b/synapse/rest/client/v1/logout.py
index ad8cea49c6..5aa7908d73 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v1/logout.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v1/logout.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v1/presence.py b/synapse/rest/client/v1/presence.py
index 23a529f8e3..c232484f29 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v1/presence.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v1/presence.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v1/profile.py b/synapse/rest/client/v1/profile.py
index 717c5f2b10..f42f4b3567 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v1/profile.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v1/profile.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v1/push_rule.py b/synapse/rest/client/v1/push_rule.py
index 241e535917..be29a0b39e 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v1/push_rule.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v1/push_rule.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v1/pusher.py b/synapse/rest/client/v1/pusher.py
index 0c148a213d..18102eca6c 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v1/pusher.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v1/pusher.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v1/room.py b/synapse/rest/client/v1/room.py
index 525efdf221..5cab4d3c7b 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v1/room.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v1/room.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v1/voip.py b/synapse/rest/client/v1/voip.py
index d07ca2c47c..c780ffded5 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v1/voip.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v1/voip.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/__init__.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/__init__.py
index bfebb0f644..5e83dba2ed 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/_base.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/_base.py
index f016b4f1bd..0443f4571c 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/_base.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/_base.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/account.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/account.py
index 411fb57c47..3aad15132d 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/account.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/account.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2017 Vector Creations Ltd
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/account_data.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/account_data.py
index 3f28c0bc3e..7517e9304e 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/account_data.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/account_data.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/account_validity.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/account_validity.py
index bd7f9ae203..2d1ad3d3fb 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/account_validity.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/account_validity.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
@@ -37,24 +36,40 @@ class AccountValidityRenewServlet(RestServlet):
         self.hs = hs
         self.account_activity_handler = hs.get_account_validity_handler()
         self.auth = hs.get_auth()
-        self.success_html = hs.config.account_validity.account_renewed_html_content
-        self.failure_html = hs.config.account_validity.invalid_token_html_content
+        self.account_renewed_template = (
+            hs.config.account_validity.account_validity_account_renewed_template
+        )
+        self.account_previously_renewed_template = (
+            hs.config.account_validity.account_validity_account_previously_renewed_template
+        )
+        self.invalid_token_template = (
+            hs.config.account_validity.account_validity_invalid_token_template
+        )
 
     async def on_GET(self, request):
         if b"token" not in request.args:
             raise SynapseError(400, "Missing renewal token")
         renewal_token = request.args[b"token"][0]
 
-        token_valid = await self.account_activity_handler.renew_account(
+        (
+            token_valid,
+            token_stale,
+            expiration_ts,
+        ) = await self.account_activity_handler.renew_account(
             renewal_token.decode("utf8")
         )
 
         if token_valid:
             status_code = 200
-            response = self.success_html
+            response = self.account_renewed_template.render(expiration_ts=expiration_ts)
+        elif token_stale:
+            status_code = 200
+            response = self.account_previously_renewed_template.render(
+                expiration_ts=expiration_ts
+            )
         else:
             status_code = 404
-            response = self.failure_html
+            response = self.invalid_token_template.render(expiration_ts=expiration_ts)
 
         respond_with_html(request, status_code, response)
 
@@ -72,10 +87,12 @@ class AccountValiditySendMailServlet(RestServlet):
         self.hs = hs
         self.account_activity_handler = hs.get_account_validity_handler()
         self.auth = hs.get_auth()
-        self.account_validity = self.hs.config.account_validity
+        self.account_validity_renew_by_email_enabled = (
+            hs.config.account_validity.account_validity_renew_by_email_enabled
+        )
 
     async def on_POST(self, request):
-        if not self.account_validity.renew_by_email_enabled:
+        if not self.account_validity_renew_by_email_enabled:
             raise AuthError(
                 403, "Account renewal via email is disabled on this server."
             )
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/auth.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/auth.py
index 75ece1c911..6ea1b50a62 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/auth.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/auth.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/capabilities.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/capabilities.py
index 44ccf10ed4..6a24021484 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/capabilities.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/capabilities.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 New Vector
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/devices.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/devices.py
index 3d07aadd39..9af05f9b11 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/devices.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/devices.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/filter.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/filter.py
index 7cc692643b..411667a9c8 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/filter.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/filter.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/groups.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/groups.py
index 08fb6b2b06..6285680c00 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/groups.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/groups.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2017 Vector Creations Ltd
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/keys.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/keys.py
index f092e5b3a2..a57ccbb5e5 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/keys.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/keys.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/notifications.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/notifications.py
index 87063ec8b1..0ede643c2d 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/notifications.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/notifications.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/openid.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/openid.py
index 5b996e2d63..d3322acc38 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/openid.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/openid.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/password_policy.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/password_policy.py
index 68b27ff23a..a83927aee6 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/password_policy.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/password_policy.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/read_marker.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/read_marker.py
index 55c6688f52..5988fa47e5 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/read_marker.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/read_marker.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2017 Vector Creations Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/receipts.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/receipts.py
index 6f7246a394..8cf4aebdbe 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/receipts.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/receipts.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/register.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/register.py
index 4a064849c1..b26aad7b34 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/register.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/register.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015 - 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2017 Vector Creations Ltd
 #
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/relations.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/relations.py
index fe765da23c..c7da6759db 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/relations.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/relations.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/report_event.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/report_event.py
index 215d619ca1..2c169abbf3 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/report_event.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/report_event.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/room_keys.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/room_keys.py
index 53de97923f..263596be86 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/room_keys.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/room_keys.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2017, 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/room_upgrade_rest_servlet.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/room_upgrade_rest_servlet.py
index 147920767f..6d1b083acb 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/room_upgrade_rest_servlet.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/room_upgrade_rest_servlet.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/sendtodevice.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/sendtodevice.py
index 79c1b526ee..f8dcee603c 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/sendtodevice.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/sendtodevice.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/shared_rooms.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/shared_rooms.py
index c866d5151c..d2e7f04b40 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/shared_rooms.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/shared_rooms.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 Half-Shot
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/sync.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/sync.py
index 3481770c83..95ee3f1b84 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/sync.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/sync.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/tags.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/tags.py
index a97cd66c52..c14f83be18 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/tags.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/tags.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/thirdparty.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/thirdparty.py
index 0c127a1b5f..b5c67c9bb6 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/thirdparty.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/thirdparty.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/tokenrefresh.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/tokenrefresh.py
index 79317c74ba..b2f858545c 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/tokenrefresh.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/tokenrefresh.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/user_directory.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/user_directory.py
index ad598cefe0..7e8912f0b9 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/user_directory.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/user_directory.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2017 Vector Creations Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/versions.py b/synapse/rest/client/versions.py
index 3e3d8839f4..4582c274c7 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/versions.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/versions.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2017 Vector Creations Ltd
 # Copyright 2018-2019 New Vector Ltd
diff --git a/synapse/rest/consent/consent_resource.py b/synapse/rest/consent/consent_resource.py
index 8b9ef26cf2..c4550d3cf0 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/consent/consent_resource.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/consent/consent_resource.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/rest/health.py b/synapse/rest/health.py
index 0170950bf3..4487b54abf 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/health.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/health.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/rest/key/__init__.py b/synapse/rest/key/__init__.py
index fe0ac3f8e9..629e2df74a 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/key/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/key/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/rest/key/v2/__init__.py b/synapse/rest/key/v2/__init__.py
index cb5abcf826..c6c63073ea 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/key/v2/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/key/v2/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/rest/key/v2/local_key_resource.py b/synapse/rest/key/v2/local_key_resource.py
index d8e8e48c1c..e8dbe240d8 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/key/v2/local_key_resource.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/key/v2/local_key_resource.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/rest/key/v2/remote_key_resource.py b/synapse/rest/key/v2/remote_key_resource.py
index c57ac22e58..f648678b09 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/key/v2/remote_key_resource.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/key/v2/remote_key_resource.py
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ class RemoteKey(DirectServeJsonResource):
 
         # Note that the value is unused.
         cache_misses = {}  # type: Dict[str, Dict[str, int]]
-        for (server_name, key_id, from_server), results in cached.items():
+        for (server_name, key_id, _), results in cached.items():
             results = [(result["ts_added_ms"], result) for result in results]
 
             if not results and key_id is not None:
@@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ class RemoteKey(DirectServeJsonResource):
                 # Cast to bytes since postgresql returns a memoryview.
                 json_results.add(bytes(most_recent_result["key_json"]))
             else:
-                for ts_added, result in results:
+                for _, result in results:
                     # Cast to bytes since postgresql returns a memoryview.
                     json_results.add(bytes(result["key_json"]))
 
diff --git a/synapse/rest/media/v1/__init__.py b/synapse/rest/media/v1/__init__.py
index 3b8c96e267..d20186bbd0 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/media/v1/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/media/v1/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/rest/media/v1/_base.py b/synapse/rest/media/v1/_base.py
index 6366947071..0fb4cd81f1 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/media/v1/_base.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/media/v1/_base.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2019-2021 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
diff --git a/synapse/rest/media/v1/config_resource.py b/synapse/rest/media/v1/config_resource.py
index c41a7ab412..a1d36e5cf1 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/media/v1/config_resource.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/media/v1/config_resource.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 Will Hunt <will@half-shot.uk>
 # Copyright 2020-2021 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
@@ -31,7 +30,7 @@ class MediaConfigResource(DirectServeJsonResource):
 
     def __init__(self, hs: "HomeServer"):
         super().__init__()
-        config = hs.get_config()
+        config = hs.config
         self.clock = hs.get_clock()
         self.auth = hs.get_auth()
         self.limits_dict = {"m.upload.size": config.max_upload_size}
diff --git a/synapse/rest/media/v1/download_resource.py b/synapse/rest/media/v1/download_resource.py
index 5dadaeaf57..cd2468f9c5 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/media/v1/download_resource.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/media/v1/download_resource.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2020-2021 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
diff --git a/synapse/rest/media/v1/filepath.py b/synapse/rest/media/v1/filepath.py
index 7792f26e78..4088e7a059 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/media/v1/filepath.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/media/v1/filepath.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2020-2021 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
diff --git a/synapse/rest/media/v1/media_repository.py b/synapse/rest/media/v1/media_repository.py
index 0c041b542d..e8a875b900 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/media/v1/media_repository.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/media/v1/media_repository.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2018-2021 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
@@ -468,6 +467,9 @@ class MediaRepository:
         return media_info
 
     def _get_thumbnail_requirements(self, media_type):
+        scpos = media_type.find(";")
+        if scpos > 0:
+            media_type = media_type[:scpos]
         return self.thumbnail_requirements.get(media_type, ())
 
     def _generate_thumbnail(
diff --git a/synapse/rest/media/v1/media_storage.py b/synapse/rest/media/v1/media_storage.py
index b1b1c9e6ec..c7fd97c46c 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/media/v1/media_storage.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/media/v1/media_storage.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018-2021 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/rest/media/v1/preview_url_resource.py b/synapse/rest/media/v1/preview_url_resource.py
index 814145a04a..0adfb1a70f 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/media/v1/preview_url_resource.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/media/v1/preview_url_resource.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2020-2021 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
diff --git a/synapse/rest/media/v1/storage_provider.py b/synapse/rest/media/v1/storage_provider.py
index 031947557d..0ff6ad3c0c 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/media/v1/storage_provider.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/media/v1/storage_provider.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018-2021 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/rest/media/v1/thumbnail_resource.py b/synapse/rest/media/v1/thumbnail_resource.py
index af802bc0b1..a029d426f0 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/media/v1/thumbnail_resource.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/media/v1/thumbnail_resource.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2020-2021 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
diff --git a/synapse/rest/media/v1/thumbnailer.py b/synapse/rest/media/v1/thumbnailer.py
index 988f52c78f..37fe582390 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/media/v1/thumbnailer.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/media/v1/thumbnailer.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2020-2021 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
diff --git a/synapse/rest/media/v1/upload_resource.py b/synapse/rest/media/v1/upload_resource.py
index 0138b2e2d1..80f017a4dd 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/media/v1/upload_resource.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/media/v1/upload_resource.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2020-2021 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
diff --git a/synapse/rest/synapse/__init__.py b/synapse/rest/synapse/__init__.py
index c0b733488b..6ef4fbe8f7 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/synapse/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/synapse/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/rest/synapse/client/__init__.py b/synapse/rest/synapse/client/__init__.py
index 9eeb970580..47a2f72b32 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/synapse/client/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/synapse/client/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2021 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/rest/synapse/client/new_user_consent.py b/synapse/rest/synapse/client/new_user_consent.py
index 78ee0b5e88..e5634f9679 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/synapse/client/new_user_consent.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/synapse/client/new_user_consent.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2021 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/rest/synapse/client/oidc/__init__.py b/synapse/rest/synapse/client/oidc/__init__.py
index 64c0deb75d..36ba401656 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/synapse/client/oidc/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/synapse/client/oidc/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 Quentin Gliech
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/rest/synapse/client/oidc/callback_resource.py b/synapse/rest/synapse/client/oidc/callback_resource.py
index 1af33f0a45..7785f17e90 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/synapse/client/oidc/callback_resource.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/synapse/client/oidc/callback_resource.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 Quentin Gliech
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/rest/synapse/client/password_reset.py b/synapse/rest/synapse/client/password_reset.py
index d26ce46efc..f2800bf2db 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/synapse/client/password_reset.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/synapse/client/password_reset.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/rest/synapse/client/pick_idp.py b/synapse/rest/synapse/client/pick_idp.py
index 9550b82998..d3a94a9349 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/synapse/client/pick_idp.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/synapse/client/pick_idp.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2021 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/rest/synapse/client/pick_username.py b/synapse/rest/synapse/client/pick_username.py
index d9ffe84489..9b002cc15e 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/synapse/client/pick_username.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/synapse/client/pick_username.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/rest/synapse/client/saml2/__init__.py b/synapse/rest/synapse/client/saml2/__init__.py
index 3e8235ee1e..781ccb237c 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/synapse/client/saml2/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/synapse/client/saml2/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/rest/synapse/client/saml2/metadata_resource.py b/synapse/rest/synapse/client/saml2/metadata_resource.py
index 1e8526e22e..b37c7083dc 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/synapse/client/saml2/metadata_resource.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/synapse/client/saml2/metadata_resource.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/rest/synapse/client/saml2/response_resource.py b/synapse/rest/synapse/client/saml2/response_resource.py
index 4dfadf1bfb..774ccd870f 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/synapse/client/saml2/response_resource.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/synapse/client/saml2/response_resource.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 #
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
diff --git a/synapse/rest/synapse/client/sso_register.py b/synapse/rest/synapse/client/sso_register.py
index f2acce2437..70cd148a76 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/synapse/client/sso_register.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/synapse/client/sso_register.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2021 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/rest/well_known.py b/synapse/rest/well_known.py
index f591cc6c5c..19ac3af337 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/well_known.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/well_known.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/secrets.py b/synapse/secrets.py
index 7939db75e7..bf829251fd 100644
--- a/synapse/secrets.py
+++ b/synapse/secrets.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/server.py b/synapse/server.py
index cfb55c230d..42d2fad8e8 100644
--- a/synapse/server.py
+++ b/synapse/server.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2017-2018 New Vector Ltd
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
@@ -86,7 +85,11 @@ from synapse.handlers.initial_sync import InitialSyncHandler
 from synapse.handlers.message import EventCreationHandler, MessageHandler
 from synapse.handlers.pagination import PaginationHandler
 from synapse.handlers.password_policy import PasswordPolicyHandler
-from synapse.handlers.presence import PresenceHandler
+from synapse.handlers.presence import (
+    BasePresenceHandler,
+    PresenceHandler,
+    WorkerPresenceHandler,
+)
 from synapse.handlers.profile import ProfileHandler
 from synapse.handlers.read_marker import ReadMarkerHandler
 from synapse.handlers.receipts import ReceiptsHandler
@@ -320,9 +323,6 @@ class HomeServer(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
 
         return self.datastores
 
-    def get_config(self) -> HomeServerConfig:
-        return self.config
-
     @cache_in_self
     def get_distributor(self) -> Distributor:
         return Distributor()
@@ -416,8 +416,11 @@ class HomeServer(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
         return StateResolutionHandler(self)
 
     @cache_in_self
-    def get_presence_handler(self) -> PresenceHandler:
-        return PresenceHandler(self)
+    def get_presence_handler(self) -> BasePresenceHandler:
+        if self.config.worker_app:
+            return WorkerPresenceHandler(self)
+        else:
+            return PresenceHandler(self)
 
     @cache_in_self
     def get_typing_writer_handler(self) -> TypingWriterHandler:
diff --git a/synapse/server_notices/consent_server_notices.py b/synapse/server_notices/consent_server_notices.py
index a9349bf9a1..e65f6f88fe 100644
--- a/synapse/server_notices/consent_server_notices.py
+++ b/synapse/server_notices/consent_server_notices.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/server_notices/resource_limits_server_notices.py b/synapse/server_notices/resource_limits_server_notices.py
index a18a2e76c9..e4b0bc5c72 100644
--- a/synapse/server_notices/resource_limits_server_notices.py
+++ b/synapse/server_notices/resource_limits_server_notices.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/server_notices/server_notices_manager.py b/synapse/server_notices/server_notices_manager.py
index 144e1da78e..f19075b760 100644
--- a/synapse/server_notices/server_notices_manager.py
+++ b/synapse/server_notices/server_notices_manager.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/server_notices/server_notices_sender.py b/synapse/server_notices/server_notices_sender.py
index 965c645889..c875b15b32 100644
--- a/synapse/server_notices/server_notices_sender.py
+++ b/synapse/server_notices/server_notices_sender.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/server_notices/worker_server_notices_sender.py b/synapse/server_notices/worker_server_notices_sender.py
index c76bd57460..cc53318491 100644
--- a/synapse/server_notices/worker_server_notices_sender.py
+++ b/synapse/server_notices/worker_server_notices_sender.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/spam_checker_api/__init__.py b/synapse/spam_checker_api/__init__.py
index 3ce25bb012..73018f2d00 100644
--- a/synapse/spam_checker_api/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/spam_checker_api/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/state/__init__.py b/synapse/state/__init__.py
index c0f79ffdc8..c7ee731154 100644
--- a/synapse/state/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/state/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
diff --git a/synapse/state/v1.py b/synapse/state/v1.py
index ce255da6fd..318e998813 100644
--- a/synapse/state/v1.py
+++ b/synapse/state/v1.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/state/v2.py b/synapse/state/v2.py
index e73a548ee4..32671ddbde 100644
--- a/synapse/state/v2.py
+++ b/synapse/state/v2.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/storage/__init__.py b/synapse/storage/__init__.py
index 0b9007e51f..105e4e1fec 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2018,2019 New Vector Ltd
 #
diff --git a/synapse/storage/_base.py b/synapse/storage/_base.py
index 240905329f..56dd3a4861 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/_base.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/_base.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2017-2018 New Vector Ltd
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
diff --git a/synapse/storage/background_updates.py b/synapse/storage/background_updates.py
index ccb06aab39..142787fdfd 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/background_updates.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/background_updates.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/storage/database.py b/synapse/storage/database.py
index 77ef29ec71..9a6d2b21f9 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/database.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/database.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2017-2018 New Vector Ltd
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
diff --git a/synapse/storage/databases/__init__.py b/synapse/storage/databases/__init__.py
index 379c78bb83..20b755056b 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/databases/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/databases/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/storage/databases/main/__init__.py b/synapse/storage/databases/main/__init__.py
index b3d16ca7ac..5c50f5f950 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/databases/main/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/databases/main/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 # Copyright 2019-2021 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
diff --git a/synapse/storage/databases/main/account_data.py b/synapse/storage/databases/main/account_data.py
index a277a1ef13..1d02795f43 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/databases/main/account_data.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/databases/main/account_data.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
diff --git a/synapse/storage/databases/main/appservice.py b/synapse/storage/databases/main/appservice.py
index 85bb853d33..9f182c2a89 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/databases/main/appservice.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/databases/main/appservice.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
diff --git a/synapse/storage/databases/main/cache.py b/synapse/storage/databases/main/cache.py
index 1e7637a6f5..ecc1f935e2 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/databases/main/cache.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/databases/main/cache.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/storage/databases/main/censor_events.py b/synapse/storage/databases/main/censor_events.py
index 3e26d5ba87..f22c1f241b 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/databases/main/censor_events.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/databases/main/censor_events.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/storage/databases/main/client_ips.py b/synapse/storage/databases/main/client_ips.py
index ea3c15fd0e..d60010e942 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/databases/main/client_ips.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/databases/main/client_ips.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/storage/databases/main/deviceinbox.py b/synapse/storage/databases/main/deviceinbox.py
index 691080ce74..7c9d1f744e 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/databases/main/deviceinbox.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/databases/main/deviceinbox.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/storage/databases/main/devices.py b/synapse/storage/databases/main/devices.py
index 9bf8ba888f..b204875580 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/databases/main/devices.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/databases/main/devices.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
 # Copyright 2019,2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
diff --git a/synapse/storage/databases/main/directory.py b/synapse/storage/databases/main/directory.py
index 267b948397..86075bc55b 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/databases/main/directory.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/databases/main/directory.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/storage/databases/main/e2e_room_keys.py b/synapse/storage/databases/main/e2e_room_keys.py
index 12cecceec2..b15fb71e62 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/databases/main/e2e_room_keys.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/databases/main/e2e_room_keys.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2017 New Vector Ltd
 # Copyright 2019 Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
diff --git a/synapse/storage/databases/main/end_to_end_keys.py b/synapse/storage/databases/main/end_to_end_keys.py
index f1e7859d26..88afe97c41 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/databases/main/end_to_end_keys.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/databases/main/end_to_end_keys.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
 # Copyright 2019,2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
diff --git a/synapse/storage/databases/main/event_federation.py b/synapse/storage/databases/main/event_federation.py
index a956be491a..32ce70a396 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/databases/main/event_federation.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/databases/main/event_federation.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/storage/databases/main/event_push_actions.py b/synapse/storage/databases/main/event_push_actions.py
index 78245ad5bd..5845322118 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/databases/main/event_push_actions.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/databases/main/event_push_actions.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
diff --git a/synapse/storage/databases/main/events.py b/synapse/storage/databases/main/events.py
index ad17123915..fd25c8112d 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/databases/main/events.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/databases/main/events.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2018-2019 New Vector Ltd
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
@@ -171,7 +170,7 @@ class PersistEventsStore:
             )
 
         async with stream_ordering_manager as stream_orderings:
-            for (event, context), stream in zip(events_and_contexts, stream_orderings):
+            for (event, _), stream in zip(events_and_contexts, stream_orderings):
                 event.internal_metadata.stream_ordering = stream
 
             await self.db_pool.runInteraction(
@@ -298,7 +297,7 @@ class PersistEventsStore:
                 txn.execute(sql + clause, args)
                 to_recursively_check = []
 
-                for event_id, prev_event_id, metadata, rejected in txn:
+                for _, prev_event_id, metadata, rejected in txn:
                     if prev_event_id in existing_prevs:
                         continue
 
@@ -1128,7 +1127,7 @@ class PersistEventsStore:
     def _update_forward_extremities_txn(
         self, txn, new_forward_extremities, max_stream_order
     ):
-        for room_id, new_extrem in new_forward_extremities.items():
+        for room_id in new_forward_extremities.keys():
             self.db_pool.simple_delete_txn(
                 txn, table="event_forward_extremities", keyvalues={"room_id": room_id}
             )
@@ -1379,24 +1378,28 @@ class PersistEventsStore:
             ],
         )
 
-        for event, _ in events_and_contexts:
-            if not event.internal_metadata.is_redacted():
-                # If we're persisting an unredacted event we go and ensure
-                # that we mark any redactions that reference this event as
-                # requiring censoring.
-                self.db_pool.simple_update_txn(
-                    txn,
-                    table="redactions",
-                    keyvalues={"redacts": event.event_id},
-                    updatevalues={"have_censored": False},
+        # If we're persisting an unredacted event we go and ensure
+        # that we mark any redactions that reference this event as
+        # requiring censoring.
+        sql = "UPDATE redactions SET have_censored = ? WHERE redacts = ?"
+        txn.execute_batch(
+            sql,
+            (
+                (
+                    False,
+                    event.event_id,
                 )
+                for event, _ in events_and_contexts
+                if not event.internal_metadata.is_redacted()
+            ),
+        )
 
         state_events_and_contexts = [
             ec for ec in events_and_contexts if ec[0].is_state()
         ]
 
         state_values = []
-        for event, context in state_events_and_contexts:
+        for event, _ in state_events_and_contexts:
             vals = {
                 "event_id": event.event_id,
                 "room_id": event.room_id,
@@ -1465,7 +1468,7 @@ class PersistEventsStore:
             # nothing to do here
             return
 
-        for event, context in events_and_contexts:
+        for event, _ in events_and_contexts:
             if event.type == EventTypes.Redaction and event.redacts is not None:
                 # Remove the entries in the event_push_actions table for the
                 # redacted event.
@@ -1882,20 +1885,28 @@ class PersistEventsStore:
                 ),
             )
 
-        for event, _ in events_and_contexts:
-            user_ids = self.db_pool.simple_select_onecol_txn(
-                txn,
-                table="event_push_actions_staging",
-                keyvalues={"event_id": event.event_id},
-                retcol="user_id",
-            )
+            room_to_event_ids = {}  # type: Dict[str, List[str]]
+            for e, _ in events_and_contexts:
+                room_to_event_ids.setdefault(e.room_id, []).append(e.event_id)
 
-            for uid in user_ids:
-                txn.call_after(
-                    self.store.get_unread_event_push_actions_by_room_for_user.invalidate_many,
-                    (event.room_id, uid),
+            for room_id, event_ids in room_to_event_ids.items():
+                rows = self.db_pool.simple_select_many_txn(
+                    txn,
+                    table="event_push_actions_staging",
+                    column="event_id",
+                    iterable=event_ids,
+                    keyvalues={},
+                    retcols=("user_id",),
                 )
 
+                user_ids = {row["user_id"] for row in rows}
+
+                for user_id in user_ids:
+                    txn.call_after(
+                        self.store.get_unread_event_push_actions_by_room_for_user.invalidate_many,
+                        (room_id, user_id),
+                    )
+
         # Now we delete the staging area for *all* events that were being
         # persisted.
         txn.execute_batch(
diff --git a/synapse/storage/databases/main/events_bg_updates.py b/synapse/storage/databases/main/events_bg_updates.py
index 79e7df6ca9..cbe4be1437 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/databases/main/events_bg_updates.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/databases/main/events_bg_updates.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/storage/databases/main/events_forward_extremities.py b/synapse/storage/databases/main/events_forward_extremities.py
index b3703ae161..6d2688d711 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/databases/main/events_forward_extremities.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/databases/main/events_forward_extremities.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2021 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/storage/databases/main/events_worker.py b/synapse/storage/databases/main/events_worker.py
index c00780969f..64d70785b8 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/databases/main/events_worker.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/databases/main/events_worker.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/storage/databases/main/filtering.py b/synapse/storage/databases/main/filtering.py
index d2f5b9a502..bb244a03c0 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/databases/main/filtering.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/databases/main/filtering.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/storage/databases/main/group_server.py b/synapse/storage/databases/main/group_server.py
index bd7826f4e9..66ad363bfb 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/databases/main/group_server.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/databases/main/group_server.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2017 Vector Creations Ltd
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
diff --git a/synapse/storage/databases/main/keys.py b/synapse/storage/databases/main/keys.py
index d504323b03..0e86807834 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/databases/main/keys.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/databases/main/keys.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd.
 #
diff --git a/synapse/storage/databases/main/media_repository.py b/synapse/storage/databases/main/media_repository.py
index b7820ac7ff..c584868188 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/databases/main/media_repository.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/databases/main/media_repository.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2020-2021 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
diff --git a/synapse/storage/databases/main/metrics.py b/synapse/storage/databases/main/metrics.py
index 614a418a15..c3f551d377 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/databases/main/metrics.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/databases/main/metrics.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/storage/databases/main/monthly_active_users.py b/synapse/storage/databases/main/monthly_active_users.py
index 757da3d55d..fe25638289 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/databases/main/monthly_active_users.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/databases/main/monthly_active_users.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/storage/databases/main/presence.py b/synapse/storage/databases/main/presence.py
index 0ff693a310..c207d917b1 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/databases/main/presence.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/databases/main/presence.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/storage/databases/main/profile.py b/synapse/storage/databases/main/profile.py
index ba01d3108a..9b4e95e134 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/databases/main/profile.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/databases/main/profile.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/storage/databases/main/purge_events.py b/synapse/storage/databases/main/purge_events.py
index 41f4fe7f95..8f83748b5e 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/databases/main/purge_events.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/databases/main/purge_events.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/storage/databases/main/push_rule.py b/synapse/storage/databases/main/push_rule.py
index 9e58dc0e6a..db52176337 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/databases/main/push_rule.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/databases/main/push_rule.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
diff --git a/synapse/storage/databases/main/pusher.py b/synapse/storage/databases/main/pusher.py
index c65558c280..b48fe086d4 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/databases/main/pusher.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/databases/main/pusher.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
diff --git a/synapse/storage/databases/main/receipts.py b/synapse/storage/databases/main/receipts.py
index 43c852c96c..3647276acb 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/databases/main/receipts.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/databases/main/receipts.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
diff --git a/synapse/storage/databases/main/registration.py b/synapse/storage/databases/main/registration.py
index 90a8f664ef..6e5ee557d2 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/databases/main/registration.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/databases/main/registration.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2017-2018 New Vector Ltd
 # Copyright 2019,2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
@@ -92,13 +91,25 @@ class RegistrationWorkerStore(CacheInvalidationWorkerStore):
             id_column=None,
         )
 
-        self._account_validity = hs.config.account_validity
-        if hs.config.run_background_tasks and self._account_validity.enabled:
-            self._clock.call_later(
-                0.0,
-                self._set_expiration_date_when_missing,
+        self._account_validity_enabled = (
+            hs.config.account_validity.account_validity_enabled
+        )
+        self._account_validity_period = None
+        self._account_validity_startup_job_max_delta = None
+        if self._account_validity_enabled:
+            self._account_validity_period = (
+                hs.config.account_validity.account_validity_period
+            )
+            self._account_validity_startup_job_max_delta = (
+                hs.config.account_validity.account_validity_startup_job_max_delta
             )
 
+            if hs.config.run_background_tasks:
+                self._clock.call_later(
+                    0.0,
+                    self._set_expiration_date_when_missing,
+                )
+
         # Create a background job for culling expired 3PID validity tokens
         if hs.config.run_background_tasks:
             self._clock.looping_call(
@@ -195,6 +206,7 @@ class RegistrationWorkerStore(CacheInvalidationWorkerStore):
         expiration_ts: int,
         email_sent: bool,
         renewal_token: Optional[str] = None,
+        token_used_ts: Optional[int] = None,
     ) -> None:
         """Updates the account validity properties of the given account, with the
         given values.
@@ -208,6 +220,8 @@ class RegistrationWorkerStore(CacheInvalidationWorkerStore):
                 period.
             renewal_token: Renewal token the user can use to extend the validity
                 of their account. Defaults to no token.
+            token_used_ts: A timestamp of when the current token was used to renew
+                the account.
         """
 
         def set_account_validity_for_user_txn(txn):
@@ -219,6 +233,7 @@ class RegistrationWorkerStore(CacheInvalidationWorkerStore):
                     "expiration_ts_ms": expiration_ts,
                     "email_sent": email_sent,
                     "renewal_token": renewal_token,
+                    "token_used_ts_ms": token_used_ts,
                 },
             )
             self._invalidate_cache_and_stream(
@@ -232,7 +247,7 @@ class RegistrationWorkerStore(CacheInvalidationWorkerStore):
     async def set_renewal_token_for_user(
         self, user_id: str, renewal_token: str
     ) -> None:
-        """Defines a renewal token for a given user.
+        """Defines a renewal token for a given user, and clears the token_used timestamp.
 
         Args:
             user_id: ID of the user to set the renewal token for.
@@ -245,26 +260,40 @@ class RegistrationWorkerStore(CacheInvalidationWorkerStore):
         await self.db_pool.simple_update_one(
             table="account_validity",
             keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
-            updatevalues={"renewal_token": renewal_token},
+            updatevalues={"renewal_token": renewal_token, "token_used_ts_ms": None},
             desc="set_renewal_token_for_user",
         )
 
-    async def get_user_from_renewal_token(self, renewal_token: str) -> str:
-        """Get a user ID from a renewal token.
+    async def get_user_from_renewal_token(
+        self, renewal_token: str
+    ) -> Tuple[str, int, Optional[int]]:
+        """Get a user ID and renewal status from a renewal token.
 
         Args:
             renewal_token: The renewal token to perform the lookup with.
 
         Returns:
-            The ID of the user to which the token belongs.
+            A tuple of containing the following values:
+                * The ID of a user to which the token belongs.
+                * An int representing the user's expiry timestamp as milliseconds since the
+                    epoch, or 0 if the token was invalid.
+                * An optional int representing the timestamp of when the user renewed their
+                    account timestamp as milliseconds since the epoch. None if the account
+                    has not been renewed using the current token yet.
         """
-        return await self.db_pool.simple_select_one_onecol(
+        ret_dict = await self.db_pool.simple_select_one(
             table="account_validity",
             keyvalues={"renewal_token": renewal_token},
-            retcol="user_id",
+            retcols=["user_id", "expiration_ts_ms", "token_used_ts_ms"],
             desc="get_user_from_renewal_token",
         )
 
+        return (
+            ret_dict["user_id"],
+            ret_dict["expiration_ts_ms"],
+            ret_dict["token_used_ts_ms"],
+        )
+
     async def get_renewal_token_for_user(self, user_id: str) -> str:
         """Get the renewal token associated with a given user ID.
 
@@ -303,7 +332,7 @@ class RegistrationWorkerStore(CacheInvalidationWorkerStore):
             "get_users_expiring_soon",
             select_users_txn,
             self._clock.time_msec(),
-            self.config.account_validity.renew_at,
+            self.config.account_validity_renew_at,
         )
 
     async def set_renewal_mail_status(self, user_id: str, email_sent: bool) -> None:
@@ -965,11 +994,11 @@ class RegistrationWorkerStore(CacheInvalidationWorkerStore):
                 delta equal to 10% of the validity period.
         """
         now_ms = self._clock.time_msec()
-        expiration_ts = now_ms + self._account_validity.period
+        expiration_ts = now_ms + self._account_validity_period
 
         if use_delta:
             expiration_ts = self.rand.randrange(
-                expiration_ts - self._account_validity.startup_job_max_delta,
+                expiration_ts - self._account_validity_startup_job_max_delta,
                 expiration_ts,
             )
 
@@ -1413,7 +1442,7 @@ class RegistrationStore(StatsStore, RegistrationBackgroundUpdateStore):
         except self.database_engine.module.IntegrityError:
             raise StoreError(400, "User ID already taken.", errcode=Codes.USER_IN_USE)
 
-        if self._account_validity.enabled:
+        if self._account_validity_enabled:
             self.set_expiration_date_for_user_txn(txn, user_id)
 
         if create_profile_with_displayname:
diff --git a/synapse/storage/databases/main/rejections.py b/synapse/storage/databases/main/rejections.py
index 1e361aaa9a..167318b314 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/databases/main/rejections.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/databases/main/rejections.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/storage/databases/main/relations.py b/synapse/storage/databases/main/relations.py
index 5cd61547f7..2bbf6d6a95 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/databases/main/relations.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/databases/main/relations.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/storage/databases/main/room.py b/synapse/storage/databases/main/room.py
index 47fb12f3f6..5f38634f48 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/databases/main/room.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/databases/main/room.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
diff --git a/synapse/storage/databases/main/roommember.py b/synapse/storage/databases/main/roommember.py
index a9216ca9ae..fd525dce65 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/databases/main/roommember.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/databases/main/roommember.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
@@ -174,6 +173,33 @@ class RoomMemberWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore):
         txn.execute(sql, (room_id, Membership.JOIN))
         return [r[0] for r in txn]
 
+    @cached(max_entries=100000, iterable=True)
+    async def get_users_in_room_with_profiles(
+        self, room_id: str
+    ) -> Dict[str, ProfileInfo]:
+        """Get a mapping from user ID to profile information for all users in a given room.
+
+        Args:
+            room_id: The ID of the room to retrieve the users of.
+
+        Returns:
+            A mapping from user ID to ProfileInfo.
+        """
+
+        def _get_users_in_room_with_profiles(txn) -> Dict[str, ProfileInfo]:
+            sql = """
+                SELECT user_id, display_name, avatar_url FROM room_memberships
+                WHERE room_id = ? AND membership = ?
+            """
+            txn.execute(sql, (room_id, Membership.JOIN))
+
+            return {r[0]: ProfileInfo(display_name=r[1], avatar_url=r[2]) for r in txn}
+
+        return await self.db_pool.runInteraction(
+            "get_users_in_room_with_profiles",
+            _get_users_in_room_with_profiles,
+        )
+
     @cached(max_entries=100000)
     async def get_room_summary(self, room_id: str) -> Dict[str, MemberSummary]:
         """Get the details of a room roughly suitable for use by the room
diff --git a/synapse/storage/databases/main/schema/delta/50/make_event_content_nullable.py b/synapse/storage/databases/main/schema/delta/50/make_event_content_nullable.py
index b1684a8441..acd6ad1e1f 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/databases/main/schema/delta/50/make_event_content_nullable.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/databases/main/schema/delta/50/make_event_content_nullable.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/storage/databases/main/schema/delta/57/local_current_membership.py b/synapse/storage/databases/main/schema/delta/57/local_current_membership.py
index 44917f0a2e..66989222e6 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/databases/main/schema/delta/57/local_current_membership.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/databases/main/schema/delta/57/local_current_membership.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/storage/databases/main/schema/delta/59/12account_validity_token_used_ts_ms.sql b/synapse/storage/databases/main/schema/delta/59/12account_validity_token_used_ts_ms.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4836dac16e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/databases/main/schema/delta/59/12account_validity_token_used_ts_ms.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+/* Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+-- Track when users renew their account using the value of the 'renewal_token' column.
+-- This field should be set to NULL after a fresh token is generated.
+ALTER TABLE account_validity ADD token_used_ts_ms BIGINT;
diff --git a/synapse/storage/databases/main/search.py b/synapse/storage/databases/main/search.py
index f5e7d9ef98..0276f30656 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/databases/main/search.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/databases/main/search.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/storage/databases/main/signatures.py b/synapse/storage/databases/main/signatures.py
index c8c67953e4..ab2159c2d3 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/databases/main/signatures.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/databases/main/signatures.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/storage/databases/main/state.py b/synapse/storage/databases/main/state.py
index 93431efe00..1757064a68 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/databases/main/state.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/databases/main/state.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
diff --git a/synapse/storage/databases/main/state_deltas.py b/synapse/storage/databases/main/state_deltas.py
index 0dbb501f16..bff7d0404f 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/databases/main/state_deltas.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/databases/main/state_deltas.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 Vector Creations Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/storage/databases/main/stats.py b/synapse/storage/databases/main/stats.py
index bce8946c21..ae9f880965 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/databases/main/stats.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/databases/main/stats.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018, 2019 New Vector Ltd
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
diff --git a/synapse/storage/databases/main/stream.py b/synapse/storage/databases/main/stream.py
index 91f8abb67d..db5ce4ea01 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/databases/main/stream.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/databases/main/stream.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2017 Vector Creations Ltd
 # Copyright 2018-2019 New Vector Ltd
diff --git a/synapse/storage/databases/main/tags.py b/synapse/storage/databases/main/tags.py
index 50067eabfc..1d62c6140f 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/databases/main/tags.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/databases/main/tags.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
diff --git a/synapse/storage/databases/main/transactions.py b/synapse/storage/databases/main/transactions.py
index b7072f1f5e..b28ca61f80 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/databases/main/transactions.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/databases/main/transactions.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
@@ -15,7 +14,7 @@
 
 import logging
 from collections import namedtuple
-from typing import Iterable, List, Optional, Tuple
+from typing import Dict, List, Optional, Tuple
 
 from canonicaljson import encode_canonical_json
 
@@ -296,37 +295,33 @@ class TransactionStore(TransactionWorkerStore):
                 },
             )
 
-    async def store_destination_rooms_entries(
-        self,
-        destinations: Iterable[str],
-        room_id: str,
-        stream_ordering: int,
-    ) -> None:
+    async def bulk_store_destination_rooms_entries(
+        self, room_and_destination_to_ordering: Dict[Tuple[str, str], int]
+    ):
         """
-        Updates or creates `destination_rooms` entries in batch for a single event.
+        Updates or creates `destination_rooms` entries for a number of events.
 
         Args:
-            destinations: list of destinations
-            room_id: the room_id of the event
-            stream_ordering: the stream_ordering of the event
+            room_and_destination_to_ordering: A mapping of (room, destination) -> stream_id
         """
 
         await self.db_pool.simple_upsert_many(
             table="destinations",
             key_names=("destination",),
-            key_values=[(d,) for d in destinations],
+            key_values={(d,) for _, d in room_and_destination_to_ordering.keys()},
             value_names=[],
             value_values=[],
             desc="store_destination_rooms_entries_dests",
         )
 
-        rows = [(destination, room_id) for destination in destinations]
         await self.db_pool.simple_upsert_many(
             table="destination_rooms",
-            key_names=("destination", "room_id"),
-            key_values=rows,
+            key_names=("room_id", "destination"),
+            key_values=list(room_and_destination_to_ordering.keys()),
             value_names=["stream_ordering"],
-            value_values=[(stream_ordering,)] * len(rows),
+            value_values=[
+                (stream_id,) for stream_id in room_and_destination_to_ordering.values()
+            ],
             desc="store_destination_rooms_entries_rooms",
         )
 
diff --git a/synapse/storage/databases/main/ui_auth.py b/synapse/storage/databases/main/ui_auth.py
index 5473ec1485..22c05cdde7 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/databases/main/ui_auth.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/databases/main/ui_auth.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/storage/databases/main/user_directory.py b/synapse/storage/databases/main/user_directory.py
index 1026f321e5..7a082fdd21 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/databases/main/user_directory.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/databases/main/user_directory.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2017 Vector Creations Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/storage/databases/main/user_erasure_store.py b/synapse/storage/databases/main/user_erasure_store.py
index f9575b1f1f..acf6b2fb64 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/databases/main/user_erasure_store.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/databases/main/user_erasure_store.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/storage/databases/state/__init__.py b/synapse/storage/databases/state/__init__.py
index c90d022899..e5100d6108 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/databases/state/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/databases/state/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/storage/databases/state/bg_updates.py b/synapse/storage/databases/state/bg_updates.py
index 75c09b3687..c2891cb07f 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/databases/state/bg_updates.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/databases/state/bg_updates.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/storage/databases/state/store.py b/synapse/storage/databases/state/store.py
index dfcf89d91c..e38461adbc 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/databases/state/store.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/databases/state/store.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/storage/engines/__init__.py b/synapse/storage/engines/__init__.py
index d15ccfacde..9abc02046e 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/engines/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/engines/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/storage/engines/_base.py b/synapse/storage/engines/_base.py
index 21db1645d3..1882bfd9cf 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/engines/_base.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/engines/_base.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/storage/engines/postgres.py b/synapse/storage/engines/postgres.py
index dba8cc51d3..21411c5fea 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/engines/postgres.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/engines/postgres.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/storage/engines/sqlite.py b/synapse/storage/engines/sqlite.py
index f4f16456f2..5fe1b205e1 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/engines/sqlite.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/engines/sqlite.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/storage/keys.py b/synapse/storage/keys.py
index c03871f393..540adb8781 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/keys.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/keys.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd.
 #
diff --git a/synapse/storage/persist_events.py b/synapse/storage/persist_events.py
index 3a0d6fb32e..87e040b014 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/persist_events.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/persist_events.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2018-2019 New Vector Ltd
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
diff --git a/synapse/storage/prepare_database.py b/synapse/storage/prepare_database.py
index c7f0b8ccb5..05a9355974 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/prepare_database.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/prepare_database.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014 - 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
diff --git a/synapse/storage/purge_events.py b/synapse/storage/purge_events.py
index ad954990a7..30669beb7c 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/purge_events.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/purge_events.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/storage/push_rule.py b/synapse/storage/push_rule.py
index f47cec0d86..2d5c21ef72 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/push_rule.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/push_rule.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
diff --git a/synapse/storage/relations.py b/synapse/storage/relations.py
index 2564f34b47..c552dbf04c 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/relations.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/relations.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/storage/roommember.py b/synapse/storage/roommember.py
index d2ff4da6b9..c34fbf21bc 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/roommember.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/roommember.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
diff --git a/synapse/storage/state.py b/synapse/storage/state.py
index c1c147c62a..cfafba22c5 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/state.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/state.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/storage/types.py b/synapse/storage/types.py
index 17291c9d5e..57f4883bf4 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/types.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/types.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/storage/util/__init__.py b/synapse/storage/util/__init__.py
index bfebb0f644..5e83dba2ed 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/util/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/util/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/storage/util/id_generators.py b/synapse/storage/util/id_generators.py
index 32d6cc16b9..b1bd3a52d9 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/util/id_generators.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/util/id_generators.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/storage/util/sequence.py b/synapse/storage/util/sequence.py
index 36a67e7019..30b6b8e0ca 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/util/sequence.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/util/sequence.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/streams/__init__.py b/synapse/streams/__init__.py
index bfebb0f644..5e83dba2ed 100644
--- a/synapse/streams/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/streams/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/streams/config.py b/synapse/streams/config.py
index fdda21d165..13d300588b 100644
--- a/synapse/streams/config.py
+++ b/synapse/streams/config.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/streams/events.py b/synapse/streams/events.py
index 92fd5d489f..20fceaa935 100644
--- a/synapse/streams/events.py
+++ b/synapse/streams/events.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/types.py b/synapse/types.py
index b08ce90140..21654ae686 100644
--- a/synapse/types.py
+++ b/synapse/types.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
diff --git a/synapse/util/__init__.py b/synapse/util/__init__.py
index 517686f0a6..0f84fa3f4e 100644
--- a/synapse/util/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/util/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/util/async_helpers.py b/synapse/util/async_helpers.py
index c3b2d981ea..5c55bb0125 100644
--- a/synapse/util/async_helpers.py
+++ b/synapse/util/async_helpers.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
diff --git a/synapse/util/caches/__init__.py b/synapse/util/caches/__init__.py
index 48f64eeb38..46af7fa473 100644
--- a/synapse/util/caches/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/util/caches/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2019, 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
diff --git a/synapse/util/caches/cached_call.py b/synapse/util/caches/cached_call.py
index 3ee0f2317a..a301c9e89b 100644
--- a/synapse/util/caches/cached_call.py
+++ b/synapse/util/caches/cached_call.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2021 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/util/caches/deferred_cache.py b/synapse/util/caches/deferred_cache.py
index dd392cf694..484097a48a 100644
--- a/synapse/util/caches/deferred_cache.py
+++ b/synapse/util/caches/deferred_cache.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
diff --git a/synapse/util/caches/descriptors.py b/synapse/util/caches/descriptors.py
index 4e84379914..ac4a078b26 100644
--- a/synapse/util/caches/descriptors.py
+++ b/synapse/util/caches/descriptors.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
diff --git a/synapse/util/caches/dictionary_cache.py b/synapse/util/caches/dictionary_cache.py
index b3b413b02c..56d94d96ce 100644
--- a/synapse/util/caches/dictionary_cache.py
+++ b/synapse/util/caches/dictionary_cache.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/util/caches/expiringcache.py b/synapse/util/caches/expiringcache.py
index 4dc3477e89..ac47a31cd7 100644
--- a/synapse/util/caches/expiringcache.py
+++ b/synapse/util/caches/expiringcache.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/util/caches/lrucache.py b/synapse/util/caches/lrucache.py
index 20c8e2d9f5..a21d34fcb4 100644
--- a/synapse/util/caches/lrucache.py
+++ b/synapse/util/caches/lrucache.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/util/caches/response_cache.py b/synapse/util/caches/response_cache.py
index 46ea8e0964..2529845c9e 100644
--- a/synapse/util/caches/response_cache.py
+++ b/synapse/util/caches/response_cache.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/util/caches/stream_change_cache.py b/synapse/util/caches/stream_change_cache.py
index 644e9e778a..0469e7d120 100644
--- a/synapse/util/caches/stream_change_cache.py
+++ b/synapse/util/caches/stream_change_cache.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/util/caches/ttlcache.py b/synapse/util/caches/ttlcache.py
index 96a8274940..c276107d56 100644
--- a/synapse/util/caches/ttlcache.py
+++ b/synapse/util/caches/ttlcache.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/util/daemonize.py b/synapse/util/daemonize.py
index 23393cf49b..31b24dd188 100644
--- a/synapse/util/daemonize.py
+++ b/synapse/util/daemonize.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright (c) 2012, 2013, 2014 Ilya Otyutskiy <ilya.otyutskiy@icloud.com>
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
diff --git a/synapse/util/distributor.py b/synapse/util/distributor.py
index 3c47285d05..1f803aef6d 100644
--- a/synapse/util/distributor.py
+++ b/synapse/util/distributor.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/util/file_consumer.py b/synapse/util/file_consumer.py
index 68dc632491..e946189f9a 100644
--- a/synapse/util/file_consumer.py
+++ b/synapse/util/file_consumer.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/util/frozenutils.py b/synapse/util/frozenutils.py
index 5ca2e71e60..2ac7c2913c 100644
--- a/synapse/util/frozenutils.py
+++ b/synapse/util/frozenutils.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/util/hash.py b/synapse/util/hash.py
index 359168704e..ba676e1762 100644
--- a/synapse/util/hash.py
+++ b/synapse/util/hash.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/util/iterutils.py b/synapse/util/iterutils.py
index 98707c119d..6f73b1d56d 100644
--- a/synapse/util/iterutils.py
+++ b/synapse/util/iterutils.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
diff --git a/synapse/util/jsonobject.py b/synapse/util/jsonobject.py
index e3a8ed5b2f..abc12f0837 100644
--- a/synapse/util/jsonobject.py
+++ b/synapse/util/jsonobject.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/util/macaroons.py b/synapse/util/macaroons.py
index 12cdd53327..f6ebfd7e7d 100644
--- a/synapse/util/macaroons.py
+++ b/synapse/util/macaroons.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 Quentin Gliech
 # Copyright 2021 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
diff --git a/synapse/util/metrics.py b/synapse/util/metrics.py
index 019cfa17cc..6d14351bd2 100644
--- a/synapse/util/metrics.py
+++ b/synapse/util/metrics.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/util/module_loader.py b/synapse/util/module_loader.py
index d184e2a90c..8acbe276e4 100644
--- a/synapse/util/module_loader.py
+++ b/synapse/util/module_loader.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2017 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/util/msisdn.py b/synapse/util/msisdn.py
index c8bcbe297a..bbbdebf264 100644
--- a/synapse/util/msisdn.py
+++ b/synapse/util/msisdn.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2017 Vector Creations Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/util/patch_inline_callbacks.py b/synapse/util/patch_inline_callbacks.py
index d9f9ae99d6..eed0291cae 100644
--- a/synapse/util/patch_inline_callbacks.py
+++ b/synapse/util/patch_inline_callbacks.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/util/ratelimitutils.py b/synapse/util/ratelimitutils.py
index 70d11e1ec3..a654c69684 100644
--- a/synapse/util/ratelimitutils.py
+++ b/synapse/util/ratelimitutils.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/util/retryutils.py b/synapse/util/retryutils.py
index 4ab379e429..f9c370a814 100644
--- a/synapse/util/retryutils.py
+++ b/synapse/util/retryutils.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/util/rlimit.py b/synapse/util/rlimit.py
index 207cd17c2a..bf812ab516 100644
--- a/synapse/util/rlimit.py
+++ b/synapse/util/rlimit.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/util/stringutils.py b/synapse/util/stringutils.py
index 9ce7873ab5..cd82777f80 100644
--- a/synapse/util/stringutils.py
+++ b/synapse/util/stringutils.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
@@ -133,6 +132,38 @@ def parse_and_validate_server_name(server_name: str) -> Tuple[str, Optional[int]
     return host, port
 
 
+def valid_id_server_location(id_server: str) -> bool:
+    """Check whether an identity server location, such as the one passed as the
+    `id_server` parameter to `/_matrix/client/r0/account/3pid/bind`, is valid.
+
+    A valid identity server location consists of a valid hostname and optional
+    port number, optionally followed by any number of `/` delimited path
+    components, without any fragment or query string parts.
+
+    Args:
+        id_server: identity server location string to validate
+
+    Returns:
+        True if valid, False otherwise.
+    """
+
+    components = id_server.split("/", 1)
+
+    host = components[0]
+
+    try:
+        parse_and_validate_server_name(host)
+    except ValueError:
+        return False
+
+    if len(components) < 2:
+        # no path
+        return True
+
+    path = components[1]
+    return "#" not in path and "?" not in path
+
+
 def parse_and_validate_mxc_uri(mxc: str) -> Tuple[str, Optional[int], str]:
     """Parse the given string as an MXC URI
 
diff --git a/synapse/util/templates.py b/synapse/util/templates.py
index 392dae4a40..38543dd1ea 100644
--- a/synapse/util/templates.py
+++ b/synapse/util/templates.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2021 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/util/threepids.py b/synapse/util/threepids.py
index 43c2e0ac23..281c5be4fb 100644
--- a/synapse/util/threepids.py
+++ b/synapse/util/threepids.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/util/versionstring.py b/synapse/util/versionstring.py
index ab7d03af3a..dfa30a6229 100644
--- a/synapse/util/versionstring.py
+++ b/synapse/util/versionstring.py
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/util/wheel_timer.py b/synapse/util/wheel_timer.py
index be3b22469d..61814aff24 100644
--- a/synapse/util/wheel_timer.py
+++ b/synapse/util/wheel_timer.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/visibility.py b/synapse/visibility.py
index ff53a49b3a..490fb26e81 100644
--- a/synapse/visibility.py
+++ b/synapse/visibility.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014 - 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synctl b/synctl
index 56c0e3940f..ccf404accb 100755
--- a/synctl
+++ b/synctl
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
diff --git a/synmark/__init__.py b/synmark/__init__.py
index 3d4ec3e184..2cc00b0f03 100644
--- a/synmark/__init__.py
+++ b/synmark/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synmark/__main__.py b/synmark/__main__.py
index f55968a5a4..35a59e347a 100644
--- a/synmark/__main__.py
+++ b/synmark/__main__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synmark/suites/logging.py b/synmark/suites/logging.py
index b3abc6b254..9419892e95 100644
--- a/synmark/suites/logging.py
+++ b/synmark/suites/logging.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synmark/suites/lrucache.py b/synmark/suites/lrucache.py
index 69ab042ccc..9b4a424149 100644
--- a/synmark/suites/lrucache.py
+++ b/synmark/suites/lrucache.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synmark/suites/lrucache_evict.py b/synmark/suites/lrucache_evict.py
index 532b1cc702..0ee202ed36 100644
--- a/synmark/suites/lrucache_evict.py
+++ b/synmark/suites/lrucache_evict.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/__init__.py b/tests/__init__.py
index ed805db1c2..5fced5cc4c 100644
--- a/tests/__init__.py
+++ b/tests/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
diff --git a/tests/api/test_auth.py b/tests/api/test_auth.py
index 28d77f0ca2..c0ed64f784 100644
--- a/tests/api/test_auth.py
+++ b/tests/api/test_auth.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015 - 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/api/test_filtering.py b/tests/api/test_filtering.py
index ab7d290724..f44c91a373 100644
--- a/tests/api/test_filtering.py
+++ b/tests/api/test_filtering.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2017 Vector Creations Ltd
 # Copyright 2018-2019 New Vector Ltd
diff --git a/tests/app/test_frontend_proxy.py b/tests/app/test_frontend_proxy.py
index e0ca288829..3d45da38ab 100644
--- a/tests/app/test_frontend_proxy.py
+++ b/tests/app/test_frontend_proxy.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/app/test_openid_listener.py b/tests/app/test_openid_listener.py
index 33a37fe35e..264e101082 100644
--- a/tests/app/test_openid_listener.py
+++ b/tests/app/test_openid_listener.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
@@ -110,7 +109,7 @@ class SynapseHomeserverOpenIDListenerTests(HomeserverTestCase):
         }
 
         # Listen with the config
-        self.hs._listener_http(self.hs.get_config(), parse_listener_def(config))
+        self.hs._listener_http(self.hs.config, parse_listener_def(config))
 
         # Grab the resource from the site that was told to listen
         site = self.reactor.tcpServers[0][1]
diff --git a/tests/appservice/__init__.py b/tests/appservice/__init__.py
index fe0ac3f8e9..629e2df74a 100644
--- a/tests/appservice/__init__.py
+++ b/tests/appservice/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/appservice/test_appservice.py b/tests/appservice/test_appservice.py
index 03a7440eec..f386b5e128 100644
--- a/tests/appservice/test_appservice.py
+++ b/tests/appservice/test_appservice.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/appservice/test_scheduler.py b/tests/appservice/test_scheduler.py
index 3c27d797fb..a2b5ed2030 100644
--- a/tests/appservice/test_scheduler.py
+++ b/tests/appservice/test_scheduler.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/config/__init__.py b/tests/config/__init__.py
index b7df13c9ee..f43a360a80 100644
--- a/tests/config/__init__.py
+++ b/tests/config/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/config/test_base.py b/tests/config/test_base.py
index 42ee5f56d9..84ae3b88ae 100644
--- a/tests/config/test_base.py
+++ b/tests/config/test_base.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/config/test_cache.py b/tests/config/test_cache.py
index 2b7f09c14b..857d9cd096 100644
--- a/tests/config/test_cache.py
+++ b/tests/config/test_cache.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/config/test_database.py b/tests/config/test_database.py
index f675bde68e..9eca10bbe9 100644
--- a/tests/config/test_database.py
+++ b/tests/config/test_database.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/config/test_generate.py b/tests/config/test_generate.py
index 463855ecc8..fdfbb0e38e 100644
--- a/tests/config/test_generate.py
+++ b/tests/config/test_generate.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/config/test_load.py b/tests/config/test_load.py
index c109425671..ebe2c05165 100644
--- a/tests/config/test_load.py
+++ b/tests/config/test_load.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/config/test_ratelimiting.py b/tests/config/test_ratelimiting.py
index 13ab282384..3c7bb32e07 100644
--- a/tests/config/test_ratelimiting.py
+++ b/tests/config/test_ratelimiting.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/config/test_room_directory.py b/tests/config/test_room_directory.py
index 0ec10019b3..db745815ef 100644
--- a/tests/config/test_room_directory.py
+++ b/tests/config/test_room_directory.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/config/test_server.py b/tests/config/test_server.py
index 98af7aa675..6f2b9e997d 100644
--- a/tests/config/test_server.py
+++ b/tests/config/test_server.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/config/test_tls.py b/tests/config/test_tls.py
index ec32d4b1ca..183034f7d4 100644
--- a/tests/config/test_tls.py
+++ b/tests/config/test_tls.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
 # Copyright 2019 Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
diff --git a/tests/config/test_util.py b/tests/config/test_util.py
index 10363e3765..3d4929daac 100644
--- a/tests/config/test_util.py
+++ b/tests/config/test_util.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2021 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/crypto/__init__.py b/tests/crypto/__init__.py
index bfebb0f644..5e83dba2ed 100644
--- a/tests/crypto/__init__.py
+++ b/tests/crypto/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/crypto/test_event_signing.py b/tests/crypto/test_event_signing.py
index 62f639a18d..1c920157f5 100644
--- a/tests/crypto/test_event_signing.py
+++ b/tests/crypto/test_event_signing.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/crypto/test_keyring.py b/tests/crypto/test_keyring.py
index a56063315b..2775dfd880 100644
--- a/tests/crypto/test_keyring.py
+++ b/tests/crypto/test_keyring.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2017 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/events/test_presence_router.py b/tests/events/test_presence_router.py
index c996ecc221..01d257307c 100644
--- a/tests/events/test_presence_router.py
+++ b/tests/events/test_presence_router.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2021 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the 'License');
diff --git a/tests/events/test_snapshot.py b/tests/events/test_snapshot.py
index ec85324c0c..48e98aac79 100644
--- a/tests/events/test_snapshot.py
+++ b/tests/events/test_snapshot.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/events/test_utils.py b/tests/events/test_utils.py
index 8ba36c6074..9274ce4c39 100644
--- a/tests/events/test_utils.py
+++ b/tests/events/test_utils.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the 'License');
diff --git a/tests/federation/test_complexity.py b/tests/federation/test_complexity.py
index 701fa8379f..1a809b2a6a 100644
--- a/tests/federation/test_complexity.py
+++ b/tests/federation/test_complexity.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 Matrix.org Foundation
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/federation/test_federation_sender.py b/tests/federation/test_federation_sender.py
index deb12433cf..b00dd143d6 100644
--- a/tests/federation/test_federation_sender.py
+++ b/tests/federation/test_federation_sender.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/federation/test_federation_server.py b/tests/federation/test_federation_server.py
index cfeccc0577..8508b6bd3b 100644
--- a/tests/federation/test_federation_server.py
+++ b/tests/federation/test_federation_server.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 # Copyright 2019 Matrix.org Federation C.I.C
 #
diff --git a/tests/federation/transport/test_server.py b/tests/federation/transport/test_server.py
index 85500e169c..84fa72b9ff 100644
--- a/tests/federation/transport/test_server.py
+++ b/tests/federation/transport/test_server.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_admin.py b/tests/handlers/test_admin.py
index 32669ae9ce..18a734daf4 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_admin.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_admin.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_appservice.py b/tests/handlers/test_appservice.py
index 6e325b24ce..b037b12a0f 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_appservice.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_appservice.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_auth.py b/tests/handlers/test_auth.py
index 321c5ba045..fe7e9484fd 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_auth.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_auth.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_device.py b/tests/handlers/test_device.py
index 821629bc38..84c38b295d 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_device.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_device.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_directory.py b/tests/handlers/test_directory.py
index 6ae9d4f865..1908d3c2c6 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_directory.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_directory.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_e2e_keys.py b/tests/handlers/test_e2e_keys.py
index 6915ac0205..61a00130b8 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_e2e_keys.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_e2e_keys.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_e2e_room_keys.py b/tests/handlers/test_e2e_room_keys.py
index 07893302ec..9b7e7a8e9a 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_e2e_room_keys.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_e2e_room_keys.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2017 New Vector Ltd
 # Copyright 2019 Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_federation.py b/tests/handlers/test_federation.py
index 3af361195b..8796af45ed 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_federation.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_federation.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
@@ -223,7 +222,7 @@ class FederationTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
                 room_version,
             )
 
-        for i in range(3):
+        for _ in range(3):
             event = create_invite()
             self.get_success(
                 self.handler.on_invite_request(
diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_message.py b/tests/handlers/test_message.py
index a0d1ebdbe3..a8a9fc5b62 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_message.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_message.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_oidc.py b/tests/handlers/test_oidc.py
index 8702ee70e0..34d2fc1dfb 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_oidc.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_oidc.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 Quentin Gliech
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_password_providers.py b/tests/handlers/test_password_providers.py
index e28e4159eb..32651db096 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_password_providers.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_password_providers.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_presence.py b/tests/handlers/test_presence.py
index 9f16cc65fc..61271cd084 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_presence.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_presence.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
@@ -22,6 +21,7 @@ from synapse.api.constants import EventTypes, Membership, PresenceState
 from synapse.api.presence import UserPresenceState
 from synapse.api.room_versions import KNOWN_ROOM_VERSIONS
 from synapse.events.builder import EventBuilder
+from synapse.federation.sender import FederationSender
 from synapse.handlers.presence import (
     EXTERNAL_PROCESS_EXPIRY,
     FEDERATION_PING_INTERVAL,
@@ -472,6 +472,168 @@ class PresenceHandlerTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         self.assertEqual(state.state, PresenceState.OFFLINE)
 
 
+class PresenceFederationQueueTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
+    def prepare(self, reactor, clock, hs):
+        self.presence_handler = hs.get_presence_handler()
+        self.clock = hs.get_clock()
+        self.instance_name = hs.get_instance_name()
+
+        self.queue = self.presence_handler.get_federation_queue()
+
+    def test_send_and_get(self):
+        state1 = UserPresenceState.default("@user1:test")
+        state2 = UserPresenceState.default("@user2:test")
+        state3 = UserPresenceState.default("@user3:test")
+
+        prev_token = self.queue.get_current_token(self.instance_name)
+
+        self.queue.send_presence_to_destinations((state1, state2), ("dest1", "dest2"))
+        self.queue.send_presence_to_destinations((state3,), ("dest3",))
+
+        now_token = self.queue.get_current_token(self.instance_name)
+
+        rows, upto_token, limited = self.get_success(
+            self.queue.get_replication_rows("master", prev_token, now_token, 10)
+        )
+
+        self.assertEqual(upto_token, now_token)
+        self.assertFalse(limited)
+
+        expected_rows = [
+            (1, ("dest1", "@user1:test")),
+            (1, ("dest2", "@user1:test")),
+            (1, ("dest1", "@user2:test")),
+            (1, ("dest2", "@user2:test")),
+            (2, ("dest3", "@user3:test")),
+        ]
+
+        self.assertCountEqual(rows, expected_rows)
+
+    def test_send_and_get_split(self):
+        state1 = UserPresenceState.default("@user1:test")
+        state2 = UserPresenceState.default("@user2:test")
+        state3 = UserPresenceState.default("@user3:test")
+
+        prev_token = self.queue.get_current_token(self.instance_name)
+
+        self.queue.send_presence_to_destinations((state1, state2), ("dest1", "dest2"))
+
+        now_token = self.queue.get_current_token(self.instance_name)
+
+        self.queue.send_presence_to_destinations((state3,), ("dest3",))
+
+        rows, upto_token, limited = self.get_success(
+            self.queue.get_replication_rows("master", prev_token, now_token, 10)
+        )
+
+        self.assertEqual(upto_token, now_token)
+        self.assertFalse(limited)
+
+        expected_rows = [
+            (1, ("dest1", "@user1:test")),
+            (1, ("dest2", "@user1:test")),
+            (1, ("dest1", "@user2:test")),
+            (1, ("dest2", "@user2:test")),
+        ]
+
+        self.assertCountEqual(rows, expected_rows)
+
+    def test_clear_queue_all(self):
+        state1 = UserPresenceState.default("@user1:test")
+        state2 = UserPresenceState.default("@user2:test")
+        state3 = UserPresenceState.default("@user3:test")
+
+        prev_token = self.queue.get_current_token(self.instance_name)
+
+        self.queue.send_presence_to_destinations((state1, state2), ("dest1", "dest2"))
+        self.queue.send_presence_to_destinations((state3,), ("dest3",))
+
+        self.reactor.advance(10 * 60 * 1000)
+
+        now_token = self.queue.get_current_token(self.instance_name)
+
+        rows, upto_token, limited = self.get_success(
+            self.queue.get_replication_rows("master", prev_token, now_token, 10)
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(upto_token, now_token)
+        self.assertFalse(limited)
+        self.assertCountEqual(rows, [])
+
+        prev_token = self.queue.get_current_token(self.instance_name)
+
+        self.queue.send_presence_to_destinations((state1, state2), ("dest1", "dest2"))
+        self.queue.send_presence_to_destinations((state3,), ("dest3",))
+
+        now_token = self.queue.get_current_token(self.instance_name)
+
+        rows, upto_token, limited = self.get_success(
+            self.queue.get_replication_rows("master", prev_token, now_token, 10)
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(upto_token, now_token)
+        self.assertFalse(limited)
+
+        expected_rows = [
+            (3, ("dest1", "@user1:test")),
+            (3, ("dest2", "@user1:test")),
+            (3, ("dest1", "@user2:test")),
+            (3, ("dest2", "@user2:test")),
+            (4, ("dest3", "@user3:test")),
+        ]
+
+        self.assertCountEqual(rows, expected_rows)
+
+    def test_partially_clear_queue(self):
+        state1 = UserPresenceState.default("@user1:test")
+        state2 = UserPresenceState.default("@user2:test")
+        state3 = UserPresenceState.default("@user3:test")
+
+        prev_token = self.queue.get_current_token(self.instance_name)
+
+        self.queue.send_presence_to_destinations((state1, state2), ("dest1", "dest2"))
+
+        self.reactor.advance(2 * 60 * 1000)
+
+        self.queue.send_presence_to_destinations((state3,), ("dest3",))
+
+        self.reactor.advance(4 * 60 * 1000)
+
+        now_token = self.queue.get_current_token(self.instance_name)
+
+        rows, upto_token, limited = self.get_success(
+            self.queue.get_replication_rows("master", prev_token, now_token, 10)
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(upto_token, now_token)
+        self.assertFalse(limited)
+
+        expected_rows = [
+            (2, ("dest3", "@user3:test")),
+        ]
+        self.assertCountEqual(rows, [])
+
+        prev_token = self.queue.get_current_token(self.instance_name)
+
+        self.queue.send_presence_to_destinations((state1, state2), ("dest1", "dest2"))
+        self.queue.send_presence_to_destinations((state3,), ("dest3",))
+
+        now_token = self.queue.get_current_token(self.instance_name)
+
+        rows, upto_token, limited = self.get_success(
+            self.queue.get_replication_rows("master", prev_token, now_token, 10)
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(upto_token, now_token)
+        self.assertFalse(limited)
+
+        expected_rows = [
+            (3, ("dest1", "@user1:test")),
+            (3, ("dest2", "@user1:test")),
+            (3, ("dest1", "@user2:test")),
+            (3, ("dest2", "@user2:test")),
+            (4, ("dest3", "@user3:test")),
+        ]
+
+        self.assertCountEqual(rows, expected_rows)
+
+
 class PresenceJoinTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
     """Tests remote servers get told about presence of users in the room when
     they join and when new local users join.
@@ -483,10 +645,17 @@ class PresenceJoinTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
 
     def make_homeserver(self, reactor, clock):
         hs = self.setup_test_homeserver(
-            "server", federation_http_client=None, federation_sender=Mock()
+            "server",
+            federation_http_client=None,
+            federation_sender=Mock(spec=FederationSender),
         )
         return hs
 
+    def default_config(self):
+        config = super().default_config()
+        config["send_federation"] = True
+        return config
+
     def prepare(self, reactor, clock, hs):
         self.federation_sender = hs.get_federation_sender()
         self.event_builder_factory = hs.get_event_builder_factory()
@@ -530,9 +699,6 @@ class PresenceJoinTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         # Add a new remote server to the room
         self._add_new_user(room_id, "@alice:server2")
 
-        # We shouldn't have sent out any local presence *updates*
-        self.federation_sender.send_presence.assert_not_called()
-
         # When new server is joined we send it the local users presence states.
         # We expect to only see user @test2:server, as @test:server is offline
         # and has a zero last_active_ts
@@ -551,7 +717,6 @@ class PresenceJoinTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         self.federation_sender.reset_mock()
         self._add_new_user(room_id, "@bob:server3")
 
-        self.federation_sender.send_presence.assert_not_called()
         self.federation_sender.send_presence_to_destinations.assert_called_once_with(
             destinations=["server3"], states={expected_state}
         )
@@ -596,9 +761,6 @@ class PresenceJoinTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
 
         self.reactor.pump([0])  # Wait for presence updates to be handled
 
-        # We shouldn't have sent out any local presence *updates*
-        self.federation_sender.send_presence.assert_not_called()
-
         # We expect to only send test2 presence to server2 and server3
         expected_state = self.get_success(
             self.presence_handler.current_state_for_user("@test2:server")
diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_profile.py b/tests/handlers/test_profile.py
index d8b1bcac8b..5330a9b34e 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_profile.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_profile.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_register.py b/tests/handlers/test_register.py
index 69279a5ce9..608f8f3d33 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_register.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_register.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_stats.py b/tests/handlers/test_stats.py
index 312c0a0d41..c9d4fd9336 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_stats.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_stats.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_sync.py b/tests/handlers/test_sync.py
index 8e950f25c5..c8b43305f4 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_sync.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_sync.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_typing.py b/tests/handlers/test_typing.py
index 9fa231a37a..0c89487eaf 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_typing.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_typing.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_user_directory.py b/tests/handlers/test_user_directory.py
index c68cb830af..daac37abd8 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_user_directory.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_user_directory.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/http/__init__.py b/tests/http/__init__.py
index 3e5a856584..e74f7f5b48 100644
--- a/tests/http/__init__.py
+++ b/tests/http/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/http/federation/__init__.py b/tests/http/federation/__init__.py
index 1453d04571..743fb9904a 100644
--- a/tests/http/federation/__init__.py
+++ b/tests/http/federation/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/http/federation/test_matrix_federation_agent.py b/tests/http/federation/test_matrix_federation_agent.py
index ae9d4504a8..e45980316b 100644
--- a/tests/http/federation/test_matrix_federation_agent.py
+++ b/tests/http/federation/test_matrix_federation_agent.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/http/federation/test_srv_resolver.py b/tests/http/federation/test_srv_resolver.py
index 466ce722d9..c49be33b9f 100644
--- a/tests/http/federation/test_srv_resolver.py
+++ b/tests/http/federation/test_srv_resolver.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
 #
diff --git a/tests/http/test_additional_resource.py b/tests/http/test_additional_resource.py
index 453391a5a5..768c2ba4ea 100644
--- a/tests/http/test_additional_resource.py
+++ b/tests/http/test_additional_resource.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/http/test_endpoint.py b/tests/http/test_endpoint.py
index d06ea518ce..1f9a2f9b1d 100644
--- a/tests/http/test_endpoint.py
+++ b/tests/http/test_endpoint.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/http/test_fedclient.py b/tests/http/test_fedclient.py
index 21c1297171..9e97185507 100644
--- a/tests/http/test_fedclient.py
+++ b/tests/http/test_fedclient.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/http/test_proxyagent.py b/tests/http/test_proxyagent.py
index 3ea8b5bec7..fefc8099c9 100644
--- a/tests/http/test_proxyagent.py
+++ b/tests/http/test_proxyagent.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/http/test_servlet.py b/tests/http/test_servlet.py
index f979c96f7c..a80bfb9f4e 100644
--- a/tests/http/test_servlet.py
+++ b/tests/http/test_servlet.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/http/test_simple_client.py b/tests/http/test_simple_client.py
index cc4cae320d..c85a3665c1 100644
--- a/tests/http/test_simple_client.py
+++ b/tests/http/test_simple_client.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/logging/__init__.py b/tests/logging/__init__.py
index a58d51441c..1acf5666a8 100644
--- a/tests/logging/__init__.py
+++ b/tests/logging/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/logging/test_remote_handler.py b/tests/logging/test_remote_handler.py
index 4bc27a1d7d..b0d046fe00 100644
--- a/tests/logging/test_remote_handler.py
+++ b/tests/logging/test_remote_handler.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/logging/test_terse_json.py b/tests/logging/test_terse_json.py
index ecf873e2ab..1160716929 100644
--- a/tests/logging/test_terse_json.py
+++ b/tests/logging/test_terse_json.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/module_api/test_api.py b/tests/module_api/test_api.py
index 349f93560e..742ad14b8c 100644
--- a/tests/module_api/test_api.py
+++ b/tests/module_api/test_api.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/push/test_email.py b/tests/push/test_email.py
index 941cf42429..e04bc5c9a6 100644
--- a/tests/push/test_email.py
+++ b/tests/push/test_email.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/push/test_http.py b/tests/push/test_http.py
index 4074ade87a..ffd75b1491 100644
--- a/tests/push/test_http.py
+++ b/tests/push/test_http.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/push/test_push_rule_evaluator.py b/tests/push/test_push_rule_evaluator.py
index 4a841f5bb8..45906ce720 100644
--- a/tests/push/test_push_rule_evaluator.py
+++ b/tests/push/test_push_rule_evaluator.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/replication/__init__.py b/tests/replication/__init__.py
index b7df13c9ee..f43a360a80 100644
--- a/tests/replication/__init__.py
+++ b/tests/replication/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/replication/_base.py b/tests/replication/_base.py
index aff19d9fb3..c9d04aef29 100644
--- a/tests/replication/_base.py
+++ b/tests/replication/_base.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
@@ -22,13 +21,11 @@ from twisted.web.http import HTTPChannel
 from twisted.web.resource import Resource
 from twisted.web.server import Request, Site
 
-from synapse.app.generic_worker import (
-    GenericWorkerReplicationHandler,
-    GenericWorkerServer,
-)
+from synapse.app.generic_worker import GenericWorkerServer
 from synapse.http.server import JsonResource
 from synapse.http.site import SynapseRequest, SynapseSite
 from synapse.replication.http import ReplicationRestResource
+from synapse.replication.tcp.client import ReplicationDataHandler
 from synapse.replication.tcp.handler import ReplicationCommandHandler
 from synapse.replication.tcp.protocol import ClientReplicationStreamProtocol
 from synapse.replication.tcp.resource import (
@@ -432,7 +429,7 @@ class BaseMultiWorkerStreamTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
             server_protocol.makeConnection(server_to_client_transport)
 
 
-class TestReplicationDataHandler(GenericWorkerReplicationHandler):
+class TestReplicationDataHandler(ReplicationDataHandler):
     """Drop-in for ReplicationDataHandler which just collects RDATA rows"""
 
     def __init__(self, hs: HomeServer):
diff --git a/tests/replication/slave/__init__.py b/tests/replication/slave/__init__.py
index b7df13c9ee..f43a360a80 100644
--- a/tests/replication/slave/__init__.py
+++ b/tests/replication/slave/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/replication/slave/storage/__init__.py b/tests/replication/slave/storage/__init__.py
index b7df13c9ee..f43a360a80 100644
--- a/tests/replication/slave/storage/__init__.py
+++ b/tests/replication/slave/storage/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/replication/tcp/__init__.py b/tests/replication/tcp/__init__.py
index 1453d04571..743fb9904a 100644
--- a/tests/replication/tcp/__init__.py
+++ b/tests/replication/tcp/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/replication/tcp/streams/__init__.py b/tests/replication/tcp/streams/__init__.py
index 1453d04571..743fb9904a 100644
--- a/tests/replication/tcp/streams/__init__.py
+++ b/tests/replication/tcp/streams/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/replication/tcp/streams/test_account_data.py b/tests/replication/tcp/streams/test_account_data.py
index 153634d4ee..cdd052001b 100644
--- a/tests/replication/tcp/streams/test_account_data.py
+++ b/tests/replication/tcp/streams/test_account_data.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/replication/tcp/streams/test_events.py b/tests/replication/tcp/streams/test_events.py
index 77856fc304..f51fa0a79e 100644
--- a/tests/replication/tcp/streams/test_events.py
+++ b/tests/replication/tcp/streams/test_events.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
@@ -240,7 +239,7 @@ class EventsStreamTestCase(BaseStreamTestCase):
 
         # the state rows are unsorted
         state_rows = []  # type: List[EventsStreamCurrentStateRow]
-        for stream_name, token, row in received_rows:
+        for stream_name, _, row in received_rows:
             self.assertEqual("events", stream_name)
             self.assertIsInstance(row, EventsStreamRow)
             self.assertEqual(row.type, "state")
@@ -357,7 +356,7 @@ class EventsStreamTestCase(BaseStreamTestCase):
 
             # the state rows are unsorted
             state_rows = []  # type: List[EventsStreamCurrentStateRow]
-            for j in range(STATES_PER_USER + 1):
+            for _ in range(STATES_PER_USER + 1):
                 stream_name, token, row = received_rows.pop(0)
                 self.assertEqual("events", stream_name)
                 self.assertIsInstance(row, EventsStreamRow)
diff --git a/tests/replication/tcp/streams/test_federation.py b/tests/replication/tcp/streams/test_federation.py
index aa4bf1c7e3..ffec06a0d6 100644
--- a/tests/replication/tcp/streams/test_federation.py
+++ b/tests/replication/tcp/streams/test_federation.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/replication/tcp/streams/test_receipts.py b/tests/replication/tcp/streams/test_receipts.py
index 7d848e41ff..7f5d932f0b 100644
--- a/tests/replication/tcp/streams/test_receipts.py
+++ b/tests/replication/tcp/streams/test_receipts.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/replication/tcp/streams/test_typing.py b/tests/replication/tcp/streams/test_typing.py
index 4a0b342264..ecd360c2d0 100644
--- a/tests/replication/tcp/streams/test_typing.py
+++ b/tests/replication/tcp/streams/test_typing.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/replication/tcp/test_commands.py b/tests/replication/tcp/test_commands.py
index 60c10a441a..cca7ebb719 100644
--- a/tests/replication/tcp/test_commands.py
+++ b/tests/replication/tcp/test_commands.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/replication/tcp/test_remote_server_up.py b/tests/replication/tcp/test_remote_server_up.py
index 1fe9d5b4d0..262c35cef3 100644
--- a/tests/replication/tcp/test_remote_server_up.py
+++ b/tests/replication/tcp/test_remote_server_up.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/replication/test_auth.py b/tests/replication/test_auth.py
index f8fd8a843c..1346e0e160 100644
--- a/tests/replication/test_auth.py
+++ b/tests/replication/test_auth.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/replication/test_client_reader_shard.py b/tests/replication/test_client_reader_shard.py
index 5da1d5dc4d..b9751efdc5 100644
--- a/tests/replication/test_client_reader_shard.py
+++ b/tests/replication/test_client_reader_shard.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/replication/test_federation_ack.py b/tests/replication/test_federation_ack.py
index 44ad5eec57..04a869e295 100644
--- a/tests/replication/test_federation_ack.py
+++ b/tests/replication/test_federation_ack.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/replication/test_federation_sender_shard.py b/tests/replication/test_federation_sender_shard.py
index 8ca595c3ee..48ab3aa4e3 100644
--- a/tests/replication/test_federation_sender_shard.py
+++ b/tests/replication/test_federation_sender_shard.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/replication/test_multi_media_repo.py b/tests/replication/test_multi_media_repo.py
index b0800f9840..76e6644353 100644
--- a/tests/replication/test_multi_media_repo.py
+++ b/tests/replication/test_multi_media_repo.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/replication/test_pusher_shard.py b/tests/replication/test_pusher_shard.py
index 1f12bde1aa..1e4e3821b9 100644
--- a/tests/replication/test_pusher_shard.py
+++ b/tests/replication/test_pusher_shard.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/replication/test_sharded_event_persister.py b/tests/replication/test_sharded_event_persister.py
index 6c2e1674cb..d739eb6b17 100644
--- a/tests/replication/test_sharded_event_persister.py
+++ b/tests/replication/test_sharded_event_persister.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/rest/__init__.py b/tests/rest/__init__.py
index fe0ac3f8e9..629e2df74a 100644
--- a/tests/rest/__init__.py
+++ b/tests/rest/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/rest/admin/__init__.py b/tests/rest/admin/__init__.py
index 1453d04571..743fb9904a 100644
--- a/tests/rest/admin/__init__.py
+++ b/tests/rest/admin/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/rest/admin/test_admin.py b/tests/rest/admin/test_admin.py
index 4abcbe3f55..2f7090e554 100644
--- a/tests/rest/admin/test_admin.py
+++ b/tests/rest/admin/test_admin.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/rest/admin/test_device.py b/tests/rest/admin/test_device.py
index 2a1bcf1760..120730b764 100644
--- a/tests/rest/admin/test_device.py
+++ b/tests/rest/admin/test_device.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 Dirk Klimpel
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
@@ -431,7 +430,7 @@ class DevicesRestTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         """
         # Create devices
         number_devices = 5
-        for n in range(number_devices):
+        for _ in range(number_devices):
             self.login("user", "pass")
 
         # Get devices
@@ -548,7 +547,7 @@ class DeleteDevicesRestTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
 
         # Create devices
         number_devices = 5
-        for n in range(number_devices):
+        for _ in range(number_devices):
             self.login("user", "pass")
 
         # Get devices
diff --git a/tests/rest/admin/test_event_reports.py b/tests/rest/admin/test_event_reports.py
index e30ffe4fa0..29341bc6e9 100644
--- a/tests/rest/admin/test_event_reports.py
+++ b/tests/rest/admin/test_event_reports.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 Dirk Klimpel
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
@@ -49,22 +48,22 @@ class EventReportsTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         self.helper.join(self.room_id2, user=self.admin_user, tok=self.admin_user_tok)
 
         # Two rooms and two users. Every user sends and reports every room event
-        for i in range(5):
+        for _ in range(5):
             self._create_event_and_report(
                 room_id=self.room_id1,
                 user_tok=self.other_user_tok,
             )
-        for i in range(5):
+        for _ in range(5):
             self._create_event_and_report(
                 room_id=self.room_id2,
                 user_tok=self.other_user_tok,
             )
-        for i in range(5):
+        for _ in range(5):
             self._create_event_and_report(
                 room_id=self.room_id1,
                 user_tok=self.admin_user_tok,
             )
-        for i in range(5):
+        for _ in range(5):
             self._create_event_and_report(
                 room_id=self.room_id2,
                 user_tok=self.admin_user_tok,
diff --git a/tests/rest/admin/test_media.py b/tests/rest/admin/test_media.py
index 31db472cd3..ac7b219700 100644
--- a/tests/rest/admin/test_media.py
+++ b/tests/rest/admin/test_media.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 Dirk Klimpel
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/rest/admin/test_room.py b/tests/rest/admin/test_room.py
index 85f77c0a65..6b84188120 100644
--- a/tests/rest/admin/test_room.py
+++ b/tests/rest/admin/test_room.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 Dirk Klimpel
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
@@ -616,7 +615,7 @@ class RoomTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         # Create 3 test rooms
         total_rooms = 3
         room_ids = []
-        for x in range(total_rooms):
+        for _ in range(total_rooms):
             room_id = self.helper.create_room_as(
                 self.admin_user, tok=self.admin_user_tok
             )
@@ -680,7 +679,7 @@ class RoomTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         # Create 5 test rooms
         total_rooms = 5
         room_ids = []
-        for x in range(total_rooms):
+        for _ in range(total_rooms):
             room_id = self.helper.create_room_as(
                 self.admin_user, tok=self.admin_user_tok
             )
@@ -1578,7 +1577,7 @@ class JoinAliasRoomTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
             channel.json_body["event"]["event_id"], events[midway]["event_id"]
         )
 
-        for i, found_event in enumerate(channel.json_body["events_before"]):
+        for found_event in channel.json_body["events_before"]:
             for j, posted_event in enumerate(events):
                 if found_event["event_id"] == posted_event["event_id"]:
                     self.assertTrue(j < midway)
@@ -1586,7 +1585,7 @@ class JoinAliasRoomTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
             else:
                 self.fail("Event %s from events_before not found" % j)
 
-        for i, found_event in enumerate(channel.json_body["events_after"]):
+        for found_event in channel.json_body["events_after"]:
             for j, posted_event in enumerate(events):
                 if found_event["event_id"] == posted_event["event_id"]:
                     self.assertTrue(j > midway)
diff --git a/tests/rest/admin/test_statistics.py b/tests/rest/admin/test_statistics.py
index 1f1d11f527..79cac4266b 100644
--- a/tests/rest/admin/test_statistics.py
+++ b/tests/rest/admin/test_statistics.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 Dirk Klimpel
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
@@ -468,7 +467,7 @@ class UserMediaStatisticsTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
             number_media: Number of media to be created for the user
         """
         upload_resource = self.media_repo.children[b"upload"]
-        for i in range(number_media):
+        for _ in range(number_media):
             # file size is 67 Byte
             image_data = unhexlify(
                 b"89504e470d0a1a0a0000000d4948445200000001000000010806"
diff --git a/tests/rest/admin/test_user.py b/tests/rest/admin/test_user.py
index 5070c96984..b3afd51522 100644
--- a/tests/rest/admin/test_user.py
+++ b/tests/rest/admin/test_user.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
@@ -1938,7 +1937,7 @@ class UserMembershipRestTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         # Create rooms and join
         other_user_tok = self.login("user", "pass")
         number_rooms = 5
-        for n in range(number_rooms):
+        for _ in range(number_rooms):
             self.helper.create_room_as(self.other_user, tok=other_user_tok)
 
         # Get rooms
@@ -2518,7 +2517,7 @@ class UserMediaRestTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
             user_token: Access token of the user
             number_media: Number of media to be created for the user
         """
-        for i in range(number_media):
+        for _ in range(number_media):
             # file size is 67 Byte
             image_data = unhexlify(
                 b"89504e470d0a1a0a0000000d4948445200000001000000010806"
diff --git a/tests/rest/client/__init__.py b/tests/rest/client/__init__.py
index fe0ac3f8e9..629e2df74a 100644
--- a/tests/rest/client/__init__.py
+++ b/tests/rest/client/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/rest/client/test_consent.py b/tests/rest/client/test_consent.py
index c74693e9b2..5cc62a910a 100644
--- a/tests/rest/client/test_consent.py
+++ b/tests/rest/client/test_consent.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/rest/client/test_ephemeral_message.py b/tests/rest/client/test_ephemeral_message.py
index 56937dcd2e..eec0fc01f9 100644
--- a/tests/rest/client/test_ephemeral_message.py
+++ b/tests/rest/client/test_ephemeral_message.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/rest/client/test_identity.py b/tests/rest/client/test_identity.py
index c0a9fc6925..478296ba0e 100644
--- a/tests/rest/client/test_identity.py
+++ b/tests/rest/client/test_identity.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/rest/client/test_power_levels.py b/tests/rest/client/test_power_levels.py
index 5256c11fe6..ba5ad47df5 100644
--- a/tests/rest/client/test_power_levels.py
+++ b/tests/rest/client/test_power_levels.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/rest/client/test_redactions.py b/tests/rest/client/test_redactions.py
index e0c74591b6..dfd85221d0 100644
--- a/tests/rest/client/test_redactions.py
+++ b/tests/rest/client/test_redactions.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/rest/client/test_retention.py b/tests/rest/client/test_retention.py
index f892a71228..e1a6e73e17 100644
--- a/tests/rest/client/test_retention.py
+++ b/tests/rest/client/test_retention.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/rest/client/test_third_party_rules.py b/tests/rest/client/test_third_party_rules.py
index a7ebe0c3e9..e1fe72fc5d 100644
--- a/tests/rest/client/test_third_party_rules.py
+++ b/tests/rest/client/test_third_party_rules.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the 'License');
diff --git a/tests/rest/client/v1/__init__.py b/tests/rest/client/v1/__init__.py
index bfebb0f644..5e83dba2ed 100644
--- a/tests/rest/client/v1/__init__.py
+++ b/tests/rest/client/v1/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/rest/client/v1/test_directory.py b/tests/rest/client/v1/test_directory.py
index edd1d184f8..8ed470490b 100644
--- a/tests/rest/client/v1/test_directory.py
+++ b/tests/rest/client/v1/test_directory.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/rest/client/v1/test_events.py b/tests/rest/client/v1/test_events.py
index 87a18d2cb9..852bda408c 100644
--- a/tests/rest/client/v1/test_events.py
+++ b/tests/rest/client/v1/test_events.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/rest/client/v1/test_login.py b/tests/rest/client/v1/test_login.py
index c7b79ab8a7..605b952316 100644
--- a/tests/rest/client/v1/test_login.py
+++ b/tests/rest/client/v1/test_login.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019-2021 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/rest/client/v1/test_presence.py b/tests/rest/client/v1/test_presence.py
index c136827f79..3a050659ca 100644
--- a/tests/rest/client/v1/test_presence.py
+++ b/tests/rest/client/v1/test_presence.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/rest/client/v1/test_profile.py b/tests/rest/client/v1/test_profile.py
index f3448c94dd..165ad33fb7 100644
--- a/tests/rest/client/v1/test_profile.py
+++ b/tests/rest/client/v1/test_profile.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/rest/client/v1/test_push_rule_attrs.py b/tests/rest/client/v1/test_push_rule_attrs.py
index 2bc512d75e..d077616082 100644
--- a/tests/rest/client/v1/test_push_rule_attrs.py
+++ b/tests/rest/client/v1/test_push_rule_attrs.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/rest/client/v1/test_rooms.py b/tests/rest/client/v1/test_rooms.py
index 4df20c90fd..a3694f3d02 100644
--- a/tests/rest/client/v1/test_rooms.py
+++ b/tests/rest/client/v1/test_rooms.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2017 Vector Creations Ltd
 # Copyright 2018-2019 New Vector Ltd
@@ -647,7 +646,7 @@ class RoomInviteRatelimitTestCase(RoomBase):
     def test_invites_by_users_ratelimit(self):
         """Tests that invites to a specific user are actually rate-limited."""
 
-        for i in range(3):
+        for _ in range(3):
             room_id = self.helper.create_room_as(self.user_id)
             self.helper.invite(room_id, self.user_id, "@other-users:red")
 
@@ -669,7 +668,7 @@ class RoomJoinRatelimitTestCase(RoomBase):
     )
     def test_join_local_ratelimit(self):
         """Tests that local joins are actually rate-limited."""
-        for i in range(3):
+        for _ in range(3):
             self.helper.create_room_as(self.user_id)
 
         self.helper.create_room_as(self.user_id, expect_code=429)
@@ -734,7 +733,7 @@ class RoomJoinRatelimitTestCase(RoomBase):
         for path in paths_to_test:
             # Make sure we send more requests than the rate-limiting config would allow
             # if all of these requests ended up joining the user to a room.
-            for i in range(4):
+            for _ in range(4):
                 channel = self.make_request("POST", path % room_id, {})
                 self.assertEquals(channel.code, 200)
 
diff --git a/tests/rest/client/v1/test_typing.py b/tests/rest/client/v1/test_typing.py
index 0b8f565121..0aad48a162 100644
--- a/tests/rest/client/v1/test_typing.py
+++ b/tests/rest/client/v1/test_typing.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector
 #
diff --git a/tests/rest/client/v1/utils.py b/tests/rest/client/v1/utils.py
index a6a292b20c..ed55a640af 100644
--- a/tests/rest/client/v1/utils.py
+++ b/tests/rest/client/v1/utils.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2017 Vector Creations Ltd
 # Copyright 2018-2019 New Vector Ltd
diff --git a/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_account.py b/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_account.py
index e72b61963d..4ef19145d1 100644
--- a/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_account.py
+++ b/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_account.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2017-2018 New Vector Ltd
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
diff --git a/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_auth.py b/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_auth.py
index ed433d9333..485e3650c3 100644
--- a/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_auth.py
+++ b/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_auth.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector
 # Copyright 2020-2021 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C
 #
diff --git a/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_capabilities.py b/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_capabilities.py
index 287a1a485c..874052c61c 100644
--- a/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_capabilities.py
+++ b/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_capabilities.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_filter.py b/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_filter.py
index f761c44936..c7e47725b7 100644
--- a/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_filter.py
+++ b/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_filter.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_password_policy.py b/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_password_policy.py
index 5ebc5707a5..6f07ff6cbb 100644
--- a/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_password_policy.py
+++ b/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_password_policy.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_register.py b/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_register.py
index cd60ea7081..98695b05d5 100644
--- a/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_register.py
+++ b/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_register.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2017-2018 New Vector Ltd
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
@@ -493,8 +492,8 @@ class AccountValidityRenewalByEmailTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
 
         (user_id, tok) = self.create_user()
 
-        # Move 6 days forward. This should trigger a renewal email to be sent.
-        self.reactor.advance(datetime.timedelta(days=6).total_seconds())
+        # Move 5 days forward. This should trigger a renewal email to be sent.
+        self.reactor.advance(datetime.timedelta(days=5).total_seconds())
         self.assertEqual(len(self.email_attempts), 1)
 
         # Retrieving the URL from the email is too much pain for now, so we
@@ -505,14 +504,32 @@ class AccountValidityRenewalByEmailTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         self.assertEquals(channel.result["code"], b"200", channel.result)
 
         # Check that we're getting HTML back.
-        content_type = None
-        for header in channel.result.get("headers", []):
-            if header[0] == b"Content-Type":
-                content_type = header[1]
-        self.assertEqual(content_type, b"text/html; charset=utf-8", channel.result)
+        content_type = channel.headers.getRawHeaders(b"Content-Type")
+        self.assertEqual(content_type, [b"text/html; charset=utf-8"], channel.result)
 
         # Check that the HTML we're getting is the one we expect on a successful renewal.
-        expected_html = self.hs.config.account_validity.account_renewed_html_content
+        expiration_ts = self.get_success(self.store.get_expiration_ts_for_user(user_id))
+        expected_html = self.hs.config.account_validity.account_validity_account_renewed_template.render(
+            expiration_ts=expiration_ts
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(
+            channel.result["body"], expected_html.encode("utf8"), channel.result
+        )
+
+        # Move 1 day forward. Try to renew with the same token again.
+        url = "/_matrix/client/unstable/account_validity/renew?token=%s" % renewal_token
+        channel = self.make_request(b"GET", url)
+        self.assertEquals(channel.result["code"], b"200", channel.result)
+
+        # Check that we're getting HTML back.
+        content_type = channel.headers.getRawHeaders(b"Content-Type")
+        self.assertEqual(content_type, [b"text/html; charset=utf-8"], channel.result)
+
+        # Check that the HTML we're getting is the one we expect when reusing a
+        # token. The account expiration date should not have changed.
+        expected_html = self.hs.config.account_validity.account_validity_account_previously_renewed_template.render(
+            expiration_ts=expiration_ts
+        )
         self.assertEqual(
             channel.result["body"], expected_html.encode("utf8"), channel.result
         )
@@ -532,15 +549,14 @@ class AccountValidityRenewalByEmailTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         self.assertEquals(channel.result["code"], b"404", channel.result)
 
         # Check that we're getting HTML back.
-        content_type = None
-        for header in channel.result.get("headers", []):
-            if header[0] == b"Content-Type":
-                content_type = header[1]
-        self.assertEqual(content_type, b"text/html; charset=utf-8", channel.result)
+        content_type = channel.headers.getRawHeaders(b"Content-Type")
+        self.assertEqual(content_type, [b"text/html; charset=utf-8"], channel.result)
 
         # Check that the HTML we're getting is the one we expect when using an
         # invalid/unknown token.
-        expected_html = self.hs.config.account_validity.invalid_token_html_content
+        expected_html = (
+            self.hs.config.account_validity.account_validity_invalid_token_template.render()
+        )
         self.assertEqual(
             channel.result["body"], expected_html.encode("utf8"), channel.result
         )
@@ -648,7 +664,12 @@ class AccountValidityBackgroundJobTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         config["account_validity"] = {"enabled": False}
 
         self.hs = self.setup_test_homeserver(config=config)
-        self.hs.config.account_validity.period = self.validity_period
+
+        # We need to set these directly, instead of in the homeserver config dict above.
+        # This is due to account validity-related config options not being read by
+        # Synapse when account_validity.enabled is False.
+        self.hs.get_datastore()._account_validity_period = self.validity_period
+        self.hs.get_datastore()._account_validity_startup_job_max_delta = self.max_delta
 
         self.store = self.hs.get_datastore()
 
diff --git a/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_relations.py b/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_relations.py
index 21ee436b91..856aa8682f 100644
--- a/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_relations.py
+++ b/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_relations.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_shared_rooms.py b/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_shared_rooms.py
index dd83a1f8ff..cedb9614a8 100644
--- a/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_shared_rooms.py
+++ b/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_shared_rooms.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 Half-Shot
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_sync.py b/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_sync.py
index 2dbf42397a..dbcbdf159a 100644
--- a/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_sync.py
+++ b/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_sync.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018-2019 New Vector Ltd
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
diff --git a/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_upgrade_room.py b/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_upgrade_room.py
index d890d11863..5f3f15fc57 100644
--- a/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_upgrade_room.py
+++ b/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_upgrade_room.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2021 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/rest/key/v2/test_remote_key_resource.py b/tests/rest/key/v2/test_remote_key_resource.py
index eb8687ce68..3b275bc23b 100644
--- a/tests/rest/key/v2/test_remote_key_resource.py
+++ b/tests/rest/key/v2/test_remote_key_resource.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/rest/media/__init__.py b/tests/rest/media/__init__.py
index a354d38ca8..b1ee10cfcc 100644
--- a/tests/rest/media/__init__.py
+++ b/tests/rest/media/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/rest/media/v1/__init__.py b/tests/rest/media/v1/__init__.py
index a354d38ca8..b1ee10cfcc 100644
--- a/tests/rest/media/v1/__init__.py
+++ b/tests/rest/media/v1/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/rest/media/v1/test_base.py b/tests/rest/media/v1/test_base.py
index ebd7869208..f761e23f1b 100644
--- a/tests/rest/media/v1/test_base.py
+++ b/tests/rest/media/v1/test_base.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/rest/media/v1/test_media_storage.py b/tests/rest/media/v1/test_media_storage.py
index 375f0b7977..4a213d13dd 100644
--- a/tests/rest/media/v1/test_media_storage.py
+++ b/tests/rest/media/v1/test_media_storage.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/rest/media/v1/test_url_preview.py b/tests/rest/media/v1/test_url_preview.py
index 9067463e54..d3ef7bb4c6 100644
--- a/tests/rest/media/v1/test_url_preview.py
+++ b/tests/rest/media/v1/test_url_preview.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/rest/test_health.py b/tests/rest/test_health.py
index 32acd93dc1..01d48c3860 100644
--- a/tests/rest/test_health.py
+++ b/tests/rest/test_health.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/rest/test_well_known.py b/tests/rest/test_well_known.py
index 14de0921be..ac0e427752 100644
--- a/tests/rest/test_well_known.py
+++ b/tests/rest/test_well_known.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/scripts/test_new_matrix_user.py b/tests/scripts/test_new_matrix_user.py
index 885b95a51f..6f3c365c9a 100644
--- a/tests/scripts/test_new_matrix_user.py
+++ b/tests/scripts/test_new_matrix_user.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/server_notices/test_consent.py b/tests/server_notices/test_consent.py
index 4dd5a36178..ac98259b7e 100644
--- a/tests/server_notices/test_consent.py
+++ b/tests/server_notices/test_consent.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/server_notices/test_resource_limits_server_notices.py b/tests/server_notices/test_resource_limits_server_notices.py
index 450b4ec710..d46521ccdc 100644
--- a/tests/server_notices/test_resource_limits_server_notices.py
+++ b/tests/server_notices/test_resource_limits_server_notices.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018, 2019 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/state/test_v2.py b/tests/state/test_v2.py
index 66e3cafe8e..43fc79ca74 100644
--- a/tests/state/test_v2.py
+++ b/tests/state/test_v2.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/storage/test__base.py b/tests/storage/test__base.py
index 1ac4ebc61d..6339a43f0c 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test__base.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test__base.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
 #
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_account_data.py b/tests/storage/test_account_data.py
index 38444e48e2..01af49a16b 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_account_data.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_account_data.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2021 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_appservice.py b/tests/storage/test_appservice.py
index e755a4db62..666bffe257 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_appservice.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_appservice.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_base.py b/tests/storage/test_base.py
index 54e9e7f6fe..3b45a7efd8 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_base.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_base.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_cleanup_extrems.py b/tests/storage/test_cleanup_extrems.py
index b02fb32ced..aa20588bbe 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_cleanup_extrems.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_cleanup_extrems.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_client_ips.py b/tests/storage/test_client_ips.py
index f7f75320ba..e57fce9694 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_client_ips.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_client_ips.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_database.py b/tests/storage/test_database.py
index a906d30e73..6fbac0ab14 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_database.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_database.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_devices.py b/tests/storage/test_devices.py
index ef4cf8d0f1..6790aa5242 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_devices.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_devices.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016-2021 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_directory.py b/tests/storage/test_directory.py
index 0db233fd68..41bef62ca8 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_directory.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_directory.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2021 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_e2e_room_keys.py b/tests/storage/test_e2e_room_keys.py
index 3d7760d5d9..9b6b425425 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_e2e_room_keys.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_e2e_room_keys.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_end_to_end_keys.py b/tests/storage/test_end_to_end_keys.py
index 1e54b940fd..3bf6e337f4 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_end_to_end_keys.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_end_to_end_keys.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016-2021 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_event_chain.py b/tests/storage/test_event_chain.py
index 16daa66cc9..d87f124c26 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_event_chain.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_event_chain.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the 'License');
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_event_federation.py b/tests/storage/test_event_federation.py
index d597d712d6..a0e2259478 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_event_federation.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_event_federation.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the 'License');
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_event_metrics.py b/tests/storage/test_event_metrics.py
index 7691f2d790..088fbb247b 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_event_metrics.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_event_metrics.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the 'License');
@@ -39,12 +38,12 @@ class ExtremStatisticsTestCase(HomeserverTestCase):
             last_event = None
 
             # Make a real event chain
-            for i in range(event_count):
+            for _ in range(event_count):
                 ev = self.create_and_send_event(room_id, user, False, last_event)
                 last_event = [ev]
 
             # Sprinkle in some extremities
-            for i in range(extrems):
+            for _ in range(extrems):
                 ev = self.create_and_send_event(room_id, user, False, last_event)
 
         # Let it run for a while, then pull out the statistics from the
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_event_push_actions.py b/tests/storage/test_event_push_actions.py
index 0289942f88..1930b37eda 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_event_push_actions.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_event_push_actions.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016-2021 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_events.py b/tests/storage/test_events.py
index ed898b8dbb..617bc8091f 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_events.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_events.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_id_generators.py b/tests/storage/test_id_generators.py
index 6c389fe9ac..792b1c44c1 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_id_generators.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_id_generators.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_keys.py b/tests/storage/test_keys.py
index 95f309fbbc..a94b5fd721 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_keys.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_keys.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2017 Vector Creations Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_main.py b/tests/storage/test_main.py
index e9e3bca3bf..d2b7b89952 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_main.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_main.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 Awesome Technologies Innovationslabor GmbH
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_monthly_active_users.py b/tests/storage/test_monthly_active_users.py
index 47556791f4..944dbc34a2 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_monthly_active_users.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_monthly_active_users.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_profile.py b/tests/storage/test_profile.py
index d18ceb41a9..8a446da848 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_profile.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_profile.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2021 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_purge.py b/tests/storage/test_purge.py
index 41af8c4847..54c5b470c7 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_purge.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_purge.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_redaction.py b/tests/storage/test_redaction.py
index 2d2f58903c..bb31ab756d 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_redaction.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_redaction.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2021 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_registration.py b/tests/storage/test_registration.py
index c82cf15bc2..9748065282 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_registration.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_registration.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2021 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_room.py b/tests/storage/test_room.py
index 0089d33c93..70257bf210 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_room.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_room.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2021 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_roommember.py b/tests/storage/test_roommember.py
index d2aed66f6d..9fa968f6bb 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_roommember.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_roommember.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_state.py b/tests/storage/test_state.py
index f06b452fa9..8695264595 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_state.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_state.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018-2021 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_transactions.py b/tests/storage/test_transactions.py
index 8e817e2c7f..b7f7eae8d0 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_transactions.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_transactions.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_user_directory.py b/tests/storage/test_user_directory.py
index 019c5b7b14..222e5d129d 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_user_directory.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_user_directory.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018-2021 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/test_distributor.py b/tests/test_distributor.py
index 6a6cf709f6..f8341041ee 100644
--- a/tests/test_distributor.py
+++ b/tests/test_distributor.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
diff --git a/tests/test_event_auth.py b/tests/test_event_auth.py
index b5f18344dc..88888319cc 100644
--- a/tests/test_event_auth.py
+++ b/tests/test_event_auth.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/test_federation.py b/tests/test_federation.py
index 382cedbd5d..0ed8326f55 100644
--- a/tests/test_federation.py
+++ b/tests/test_federation.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
@@ -76,8 +75,10 @@ class MessageAcceptTests(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         )
 
         self.handler = self.homeserver.get_federation_handler()
-        self.handler.do_auth = lambda origin, event, context, auth_events: succeed(
-            context
+        self.handler._check_event_auth = (
+            lambda origin, event, context, state, auth_events, backfilled: succeed(
+                context
+            )
         )
         self.client = self.homeserver.get_federation_client()
         self.client._check_sigs_and_hash_and_fetch = lambda dest, pdus, **k: succeed(
diff --git a/tests/test_mau.py b/tests/test_mau.py
index 7d92a16a8d..fa6ef92b3b 100644
--- a/tests/test_mau.py
+++ b/tests/test_mau.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/test_metrics.py b/tests/test_metrics.py
index f696fcf89e..b4574b2ffe 100644
--- a/tests/test_metrics.py
+++ b/tests/test_metrics.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 # Copyright 2019 Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
diff --git a/tests/test_phone_home.py b/tests/test_phone_home.py
index 0f800a075b..09707a74d7 100644
--- a/tests/test_phone_home.py
+++ b/tests/test_phone_home.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/test_preview.py b/tests/test_preview.py
index ea83299918..cac3d81ac1 100644
--- a/tests/test_preview.py
+++ b/tests/test_preview.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/test_state.py b/tests/test_state.py
index 0d626f49f6..62f7095873 100644
--- a/tests/test_state.py
+++ b/tests/test_state.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/test_test_utils.py b/tests/test_test_utils.py
index b921ac52c0..f2ef1c6051 100644
--- a/tests/test_test_utils.py
+++ b/tests/test_test_utils.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/test_types.py b/tests/test_types.py
index acdeea7a09..d7881021d3 100644
--- a/tests/test_types.py
+++ b/tests/test_types.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/test_utils/__init__.py b/tests/test_utils/__init__.py
index b557ffd692..be6302d170 100644
--- a/tests/test_utils/__init__.py
+++ b/tests/test_utils/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C
 #
diff --git a/tests/test_utils/event_injection.py b/tests/test_utils/event_injection.py
index 3dfbf8f8a9..e9ec9e085b 100644
--- a/tests/test_utils/event_injection.py
+++ b/tests/test_utils/event_injection.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C
 #
diff --git a/tests/test_utils/html_parsers.py b/tests/test_utils/html_parsers.py
index ad563eb3f0..1fbb38f4be 100644
--- a/tests/test_utils/html_parsers.py
+++ b/tests/test_utils/html_parsers.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2021 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/test_utils/logging_setup.py b/tests/test_utils/logging_setup.py
index 74568b34f8..51a197a8c6 100644
--- a/tests/test_utils/logging_setup.py
+++ b/tests/test_utils/logging_setup.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/test_visibility.py b/tests/test_visibility.py
index e502ac197e..94b19788d7 100644
--- a/tests/test_visibility.py
+++ b/tests/test_visibility.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/unittest.py b/tests/unittest.py
index 92764434bd..ee22a53849 100644
--- a/tests/unittest.py
+++ b/tests/unittest.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector
 # Copyright 2019 Matrix.org Federation C.I.C
@@ -134,7 +133,7 @@ class TestCase(unittest.TestCase):
     def assertObjectHasAttributes(self, attrs, obj):
         """Asserts that the given object has each of the attributes given, and
         that the value of each matches according to assertEquals."""
-        for (key, value) in attrs.items():
+        for key in attrs.keys():
             if not hasattr(obj, key):
                 raise AssertionError("Expected obj to have a '.%s'" % key)
             try:
diff --git a/tests/util/__init__.py b/tests/util/__init__.py
index bfebb0f644..5e83dba2ed 100644
--- a/tests/util/__init__.py
+++ b/tests/util/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/util/caches/__init__.py b/tests/util/caches/__init__.py
index 451dae3b6c..830e2dfe91 100644
--- a/tests/util/caches/__init__.py
+++ b/tests/util/caches/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2017 Vector Creations Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/util/caches/test_cached_call.py b/tests/util/caches/test_cached_call.py
index f349b5ced0..80b97167ba 100644
--- a/tests/util/caches/test_cached_call.py
+++ b/tests/util/caches/test_cached_call.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2021 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/util/caches/test_deferred_cache.py b/tests/util/caches/test_deferred_cache.py
index c24c33ee91..54a88a8325 100644
--- a/tests/util/caches/test_deferred_cache.py
+++ b/tests/util/caches/test_deferred_cache.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/util/caches/test_descriptors.py b/tests/util/caches/test_descriptors.py
index 8c082e7432..178ac8a68c 100644
--- a/tests/util/caches/test_descriptors.py
+++ b/tests/util/caches/test_descriptors.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
diff --git a/tests/util/caches/test_ttlcache.py b/tests/util/caches/test_ttlcache.py
index 23018081e5..fe8314057d 100644
--- a/tests/util/caches/test_ttlcache.py
+++ b/tests/util/caches/test_ttlcache.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/util/test_async_utils.py b/tests/util/test_async_utils.py
index 17fd86d02d..069f875962 100644
--- a/tests/util/test_async_utils.py
+++ b/tests/util/test_async_utils.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/util/test_dict_cache.py b/tests/util/test_dict_cache.py
index 2f41333f4c..bee66dee43 100644
--- a/tests/util/test_dict_cache.py
+++ b/tests/util/test_dict_cache.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/util/test_expiring_cache.py b/tests/util/test_expiring_cache.py
index 49ffeebd0e..e6e13ba06c 100644
--- a/tests/util/test_expiring_cache.py
+++ b/tests/util/test_expiring_cache.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2017 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/util/test_file_consumer.py b/tests/util/test_file_consumer.py
index d1372f6bc2..3bb4695405 100644
--- a/tests/util/test_file_consumer.py
+++ b/tests/util/test_file_consumer.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/util/test_itertools.py b/tests/util/test_itertools.py
index e931a7ec18..1bd0b45d94 100644
--- a/tests/util/test_itertools.py
+++ b/tests/util/test_itertools.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/util/test_linearizer.py b/tests/util/test_linearizer.py
index 0e52811948..c4a3917b23 100644
--- a/tests/util/test_linearizer.py
+++ b/tests/util/test_linearizer.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
diff --git a/tests/util/test_logformatter.py b/tests/util/test_logformatter.py
index 0fb60caacb..a2e08281e6 100644
--- a/tests/util/test_logformatter.py
+++ b/tests/util/test_logformatter.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/util/test_lrucache.py b/tests/util/test_lrucache.py
index ce4f1cc30a..df3e27779f 100644
--- a/tests/util/test_lrucache.py
+++ b/tests/util/test_lrucache.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/util/test_ratelimitutils.py b/tests/util/test_ratelimitutils.py
index 3fed55090a..34aaffe859 100644
--- a/tests/util/test_ratelimitutils.py
+++ b/tests/util/test_ratelimitutils.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/util/test_retryutils.py b/tests/util/test_retryutils.py
index 5f46ed0cef..9b2be83a43 100644
--- a/tests/util/test_retryutils.py
+++ b/tests/util/test_retryutils.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/util/test_rwlock.py b/tests/util/test_rwlock.py
index d3dea3b52a..a10071c70f 100644
--- a/tests/util/test_rwlock.py
+++ b/tests/util/test_rwlock.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/util/test_stringutils.py b/tests/util/test_stringutils.py
index 8491f7cc83..f7fecd9cf3 100644
--- a/tests/util/test_stringutils.py
+++ b/tests/util/test_stringutils.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/util/test_threepids.py b/tests/util/test_threepids.py
index 5513724d87..d957b953bb 100644
--- a/tests/util/test_threepids.py
+++ b/tests/util/test_threepids.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 Dirk Klimpel
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/util/test_treecache.py b/tests/util/test_treecache.py
index a5f2261208..3b077af27e 100644
--- a/tests/util/test_treecache.py
+++ b/tests/util/test_treecache.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/util/test_wheel_timer.py b/tests/util/test_wheel_timer.py
index 03201a4d9b..0d5039de04 100644
--- a/tests/util/test_wheel_timer.py
+++ b/tests/util/test_wheel_timer.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/utils.py b/tests/utils.py
index c78d3e5ba7..63d52b9140 100644
--- a/tests/utils.py
+++ b/tests/utils.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2018-2019 New Vector Ltd
 #
@@ -304,7 +303,7 @@ def setup_test_homeserver(
             # database for a few more seconds due to flakiness, preventing
             # us from dropping it when the test is over. If we can't drop
             # it, warn and move on.
-            for x in range(5):
+            for _ in range(5):
                 try:
                     cur.execute("DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS %s;" % (test_db,))
                     db_conn.commit()