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-rwxr-xr-x.buildkite/scripts/create_postgres_db.py1
-rw-r--r--changelog.d/9786.misc1
-rw-r--r--contrib/cmdclient/http.py1
-rw-r--r--contrib/experiments/test_messaging.py1
-rw-r--r--scripts-dev/mypy_synapse_plugin.py1
-rwxr-xr-xscripts-dev/sign_json1
-rwxr-xr-xscripts-dev/update_database1
-rwxr-xr-xscripts/export_signing_key1
-rwxr-xr-xscripts/generate_log_config1
-rwxr-xr-xscripts/generate_signing_key.py1
-rwxr-xr-xscripts/move_remote_media_to_new_store.py1
-rwxr-xr-xscripts/register_new_matrix_user1
-rwxr-xr-xscripts/synapse_port_db1
-rw-r--r--stubs/frozendict.pyi1
-rw-r--r--stubs/txredisapi.pyi1
-rw-r--r--synapse/__init__.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/_scripts/register_new_matrix_user.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/api/__init__.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/api/auth.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/api/auth_blocking.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/api/constants.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/api/errors.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/api/filtering.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/api/presence.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/api/room_versions.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/api/urls.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/app/__init__.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/app/_base.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/app/admin_cmd.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/app/appservice.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/app/client_reader.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/app/event_creator.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/app/federation_reader.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/app/federation_sender.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/app/frontend_proxy.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/app/generic_worker.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/app/homeserver.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/app/media_repository.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/app/pusher.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/app/synchrotron.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/app/user_dir.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/appservice/__init__.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/appservice/api.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/appservice/scheduler.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/config/__init__.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/config/__main__.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/config/_base.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/config/_util.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/config/auth.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/config/cache.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/config/cas.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/config/consent_config.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/config/database.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/config/emailconfig.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/config/experimental.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/config/federation.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/config/groups.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/config/homeserver.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/config/jwt_config.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/config/key.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/config/logger.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/config/metrics.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/config/oidc_config.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/config/password_auth_providers.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/config/push.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/config/redis.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/config/registration.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/config/repository.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/config/room.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/config/room_directory.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/config/saml2_config.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/config/server.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/config/server_notices_config.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/config/spam_checker.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/config/sso.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/config/stats.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/config/third_party_event_rules.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/config/tls.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/config/tracer.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/config/user_directory.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/config/workers.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/crypto/__init__.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/crypto/event_signing.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/crypto/keyring.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/event_auth.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/events/__init__.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/events/builder.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/events/presence_router.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/events/snapshot.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/events/spamcheck.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/events/third_party_rules.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/events/utils.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/events/validator.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/federation/__init__.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/federation/federation_base.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/federation/federation_client.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/federation/federation_server.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/federation/persistence.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/federation/send_queue.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/federation/sender/__init__.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/federation/sender/per_destination_queue.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/federation/sender/transaction_manager.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/federation/transport/__init__.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/federation/transport/client.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/federation/transport/server.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/federation/units.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/groups/attestations.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/groups/groups_server.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/__init__.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/_base.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/account_data.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/account_validity.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/acme.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/acme_issuing_service.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/admin.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/appservice.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/auth.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/cas_handler.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/deactivate_account.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/device.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/devicemessage.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/directory.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/e2e_keys.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/e2e_room_keys.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/events.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/federation.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/groups_local.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/identity.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/initial_sync.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/message.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/oidc_handler.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/pagination.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/password_policy.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/presence.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/profile.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/read_marker.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/receipts.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/register.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/room.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/room_list.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/room_member.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/room_member_worker.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/saml_handler.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/search.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/set_password.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/space_summary.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/sso.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/state_deltas.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/stats.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/sync.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/typing.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/ui_auth/__init__.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/ui_auth/checkers.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/handlers/user_directory.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/http/__init__.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/http/additional_resource.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/http/client.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/http/connectproxyclient.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/http/federation/__init__.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/http/federation/matrix_federation_agent.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/http/federation/srv_resolver.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/http/federation/well_known_resolver.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/http/matrixfederationclient.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/http/proxyagent.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/http/request_metrics.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/http/server.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/http/servlet.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/logging/__init__.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/logging/_remote.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/logging/_structured.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/logging/_terse_json.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/logging/filter.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/logging/formatter.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/logging/opentracing.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/logging/scopecontextmanager.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/logging/utils.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/metrics/__init__.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/metrics/_exposition.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/metrics/background_process_metrics.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/module_api/__init__.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/module_api/errors.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/notifier.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/push/__init__.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/push/action_generator.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/push/bulk_push_rule_evaluator.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/push/clientformat.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/push/emailpusher.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/push/httppusher.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/push/mailer.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/push/presentable_names.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/push/push_rule_evaluator.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/push/push_tools.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/push/pusher.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/push/pusherpool.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/replication/__init__.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/replication/http/__init__.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/replication/http/_base.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/replication/http/account_data.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/replication/http/devices.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/replication/http/federation.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/replication/http/login.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/replication/http/membership.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/replication/http/presence.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/replication/http/push.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/replication/http/register.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/replication/http/send_event.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/replication/http/streams.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/replication/slave/__init__.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/replication/slave/storage/__init__.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/replication/slave/storage/_base.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/replication/slave/storage/_slaved_id_tracker.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/replication/slave/storage/account_data.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/replication/slave/storage/appservice.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/replication/slave/storage/client_ips.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/replication/slave/storage/deviceinbox.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/replication/slave/storage/devices.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/replication/slave/storage/directory.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/replication/slave/storage/events.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/replication/slave/storage/filtering.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/replication/slave/storage/groups.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/replication/slave/storage/keys.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/replication/slave/storage/presence.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/replication/slave/storage/profile.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/replication/slave/storage/push_rule.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/replication/slave/storage/pushers.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/replication/slave/storage/receipts.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/replication/slave/storage/registration.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/replication/slave/storage/room.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/replication/slave/storage/transactions.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/replication/tcp/__init__.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/replication/tcp/client.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/replication/tcp/commands.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/replication/tcp/external_cache.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/replication/tcp/handler.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/replication/tcp/protocol.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/replication/tcp/redis.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/replication/tcp/resource.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/replication/tcp/streams/__init__.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/replication/tcp/streams/_base.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/replication/tcp/streams/events.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/replication/tcp/streams/federation.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/__init__.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/admin/__init__.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/admin/_base.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/admin/devices.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/admin/event_reports.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/admin/groups.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/admin/media.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/admin/purge_room_servlet.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/admin/rooms.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/admin/server_notice_servlet.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/admin/statistics.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/admin/users.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/__init__.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/transactions.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/v1/__init__.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/v1/directory.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/v1/events.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/v1/initial_sync.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/v1/login.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/v1/logout.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/v1/presence.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/v1/profile.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/v1/push_rule.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/v1/pusher.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/v1/room.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/v1/voip.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/__init__.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/_base.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/account.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/account_data.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/account_validity.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/auth.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/capabilities.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/devices.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/filter.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/groups.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/keys.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/notifications.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/openid.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/password_policy.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/read_marker.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/receipts.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/register.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/relations.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/report_event.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/room_keys.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/room_upgrade_rest_servlet.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/sendtodevice.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/shared_rooms.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/sync.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/tags.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/thirdparty.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/tokenrefresh.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/user_directory.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/client/versions.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/consent/consent_resource.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/health.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/key/__init__.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/key/v2/__init__.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/key/v2/local_key_resource.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/media/v1/__init__.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/media/v1/_base.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/media/v1/config_resource.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/media/v1/download_resource.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/media/v1/filepath.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/media/v1/media_repository.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/media/v1/media_storage.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/media/v1/preview_url_resource.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/media/v1/storage_provider.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/media/v1/thumbnail_resource.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/media/v1/thumbnailer.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/media/v1/upload_resource.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/synapse/__init__.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/synapse/client/__init__.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/synapse/client/new_user_consent.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/synapse/client/oidc/__init__.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/synapse/client/oidc/callback_resource.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/synapse/client/password_reset.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/synapse/client/pick_idp.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/synapse/client/pick_username.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/synapse/client/saml2/__init__.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/synapse/client/saml2/metadata_resource.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/synapse/client/saml2/response_resource.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/synapse/client/sso_register.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/rest/well_known.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/secrets.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/server.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/server_notices/consent_server_notices.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/server_notices/resource_limits_server_notices.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/server_notices/server_notices_manager.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/server_notices/server_notices_sender.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/server_notices/worker_server_notices_sender.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/spam_checker_api/__init__.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/state/__init__.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/state/v1.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/state/v2.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/__init__.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/_base.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/background_updates.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/database.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/databases/__init__.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/databases/main/__init__.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/databases/main/account_data.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/databases/main/appservice.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/databases/main/cache.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/databases/main/censor_events.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/databases/main/client_ips.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/databases/main/deviceinbox.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/databases/main/devices.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/databases/main/directory.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/databases/main/e2e_room_keys.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/databases/main/end_to_end_keys.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/databases/main/event_federation.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/databases/main/event_push_actions.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/databases/main/events.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/databases/main/events_bg_updates.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/databases/main/events_forward_extremities.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/databases/main/events_worker.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/databases/main/filtering.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/databases/main/group_server.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/databases/main/keys.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/databases/main/media_repository.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/databases/main/metrics.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/databases/main/monthly_active_users.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/databases/main/presence.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/databases/main/profile.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/databases/main/purge_events.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/databases/main/push_rule.py1
-rw-r--r--synapse/storage/databases/main/pusher.py1
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-rw-r--r--tests/utils.py1
651 files changed, 1 insertions, 651 deletions
diff --git a/.buildkite/scripts/create_postgres_db.py b/.buildkite/scripts/create_postgres_db.py
index 956339de5c..cc829db216 100755
--- a/.buildkite/scripts/create_postgres_db.py
+++ b/.buildkite/scripts/create_postgres_db.py
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/changelog.d/9786.misc b/changelog.d/9786.misc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cf265db749
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/9786.misc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Apply `pyupgrade` across the codebase.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/contrib/cmdclient/http.py b/contrib/cmdclient/http.py
index 1cf913756e..1310f078e3 100644
--- a/contrib/cmdclient/http.py
+++ b/contrib/cmdclient/http.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/contrib/experiments/test_messaging.py b/contrib/experiments/test_messaging.py
index 7fbc7d8fc6..31b8a68225 100644
--- a/contrib/experiments/test_messaging.py
+++ b/contrib/experiments/test_messaging.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/scripts-dev/mypy_synapse_plugin.py b/scripts-dev/mypy_synapse_plugin.py
index 18df68305b..1217e14874 100644
--- a/scripts-dev/mypy_synapse_plugin.py
+++ b/scripts-dev/mypy_synapse_plugin.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/scripts-dev/sign_json b/scripts-dev/sign_json
index 44553fb79a..4a43d3f2b0 100755
--- a/scripts-dev/sign_json
+++ b/scripts-dev/sign_json
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python
 #
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/scripts-dev/update_database b/scripts-dev/update_database
index 56365e2b58..87f709b6ed 100755
--- a/scripts-dev/update_database
+++ b/scripts-dev/update_database
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/scripts/export_signing_key b/scripts/export_signing_key
index 8aec9d802b..0ed167ea85 100755
--- a/scripts/export_signing_key
+++ b/scripts/export_signing_key
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/scripts/generate_log_config b/scripts/generate_log_config
index a13a5634a3..e72a0dafb7 100755
--- a/scripts/generate_log_config
+++ b/scripts/generate_log_config
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
 
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/scripts/generate_signing_key.py b/scripts/generate_signing_key.py
index 16d7c4f382..07df25a809 100755
--- a/scripts/generate_signing_key.py
+++ b/scripts/generate_signing_key.py
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/scripts/move_remote_media_to_new_store.py b/scripts/move_remote_media_to_new_store.py
index 8477955a90..875aa4781f 100755
--- a/scripts/move_remote_media_to_new_store.py
+++ b/scripts/move_remote_media_to_new_store.py
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2017 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/scripts/register_new_matrix_user b/scripts/register_new_matrix_user
index 8b9d30877d..00104b9d62 100755
--- a/scripts/register_new_matrix_user
+++ b/scripts/register_new_matrix_user
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/scripts/synapse_port_db b/scripts/synapse_port_db
index 58edf6af6c..b7c1ffc956 100755
--- a/scripts/synapse_port_db
+++ b/scripts/synapse_port_db
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
diff --git a/stubs/frozendict.pyi b/stubs/frozendict.pyi
index 0368ba4703..24c6f3af77 100644
--- a/stubs/frozendict.pyi
+++ b/stubs/frozendict.pyi
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/stubs/txredisapi.pyi b/stubs/txredisapi.pyi
index 080ca40287..c1a06ae022 100644
--- a/stubs/txredisapi.pyi
+++ b/stubs/txredisapi.pyi
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/__init__.py b/synapse/__init__.py
index 125a73d378..c2709c2ad4 100644
--- a/synapse/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2018-9 New Vector Ltd
 #
diff --git a/synapse/_scripts/register_new_matrix_user.py b/synapse/_scripts/register_new_matrix_user.py
index dfe26dea6d..dae986c788 100644
--- a/synapse/_scripts/register_new_matrix_user.py
+++ b/synapse/_scripts/register_new_matrix_user.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector
 #
diff --git a/synapse/api/__init__.py b/synapse/api/__init__.py
index bfebb0f644..5e83dba2ed 100644
--- a/synapse/api/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/api/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/api/auth.py b/synapse/api/auth.py
index 7d9930ae7b..6c13f53957 100644
--- a/synapse/api/auth.py
+++ b/synapse/api/auth.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014 - 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/api/auth_blocking.py b/synapse/api/auth_blocking.py
index d8088f524a..a8df60cb89 100644
--- a/synapse/api/auth_blocking.py
+++ b/synapse/api/auth_blocking.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/api/constants.py b/synapse/api/constants.py
index a8ae41de48..31a59bceec 100644
--- a/synapse/api/constants.py
+++ b/synapse/api/constants.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2017 Vector Creations Ltd
 # Copyright 2018-2019 New Vector Ltd
diff --git a/synapse/api/errors.py b/synapse/api/errors.py
index 2a789ea3e8..0231c79079 100644
--- a/synapse/api/errors.py
+++ b/synapse/api/errors.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
diff --git a/synapse/api/filtering.py b/synapse/api/filtering.py
index 5caf336fd0..ce49a0ad58 100644
--- a/synapse/api/filtering.py
+++ b/synapse/api/filtering.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2017 Vector Creations Ltd
 # Copyright 2018-2019 New Vector Ltd
diff --git a/synapse/api/presence.py b/synapse/api/presence.py
index b9a8e29460..a3bf0348d1 100644
--- a/synapse/api/presence.py
+++ b/synapse/api/presence.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/api/room_versions.py b/synapse/api/room_versions.py
index 87038d436d..c9f9596ada 100644
--- a/synapse/api/room_versions.py
+++ b/synapse/api/room_versions.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/api/urls.py b/synapse/api/urls.py
index 6379c86dde..4b1f213c75 100644
--- a/synapse/api/urls.py
+++ b/synapse/api/urls.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
diff --git a/synapse/app/__init__.py b/synapse/app/__init__.py
index d1a2cd5e19..f9940491e8 100644
--- a/synapse/app/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/app/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/app/_base.py b/synapse/app/_base.py
index 3912c8994c..2113c4f370 100644
--- a/synapse/app/_base.py
+++ b/synapse/app/_base.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2017 New Vector Ltd
 # Copyright 2019-2021 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C
 #
diff --git a/synapse/app/admin_cmd.py b/synapse/app/admin_cmd.py
index 9f99651aa2..eb256db749 100644
--- a/synapse/app/admin_cmd.py
+++ b/synapse/app/admin_cmd.py
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/app/appservice.py b/synapse/app/appservice.py
index add43147b3..2d50060ffb 100644
--- a/synapse/app/appservice.py
+++ b/synapse/app/appservice.py
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/app/client_reader.py b/synapse/app/client_reader.py
index add43147b3..2d50060ffb 100644
--- a/synapse/app/client_reader.py
+++ b/synapse/app/client_reader.py
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/app/event_creator.py b/synapse/app/event_creator.py
index e9c098c4e7..57af28f10a 100644
--- a/synapse/app/event_creator.py
+++ b/synapse/app/event_creator.py
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/app/federation_reader.py b/synapse/app/federation_reader.py
index add43147b3..2d50060ffb 100644
--- a/synapse/app/federation_reader.py
+++ b/synapse/app/federation_reader.py
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/app/federation_sender.py b/synapse/app/federation_sender.py
index add43147b3..2d50060ffb 100644
--- a/synapse/app/federation_sender.py
+++ b/synapse/app/federation_sender.py
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/app/frontend_proxy.py b/synapse/app/frontend_proxy.py
index add43147b3..2d50060ffb 100644
--- a/synapse/app/frontend_proxy.py
+++ b/synapse/app/frontend_proxy.py
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/app/generic_worker.py b/synapse/app/generic_worker.py
index d1c2079233..e35e17492c 100644
--- a/synapse/app/generic_worker.py
+++ b/synapse/app/generic_worker.py
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
diff --git a/synapse/app/homeserver.py b/synapse/app/homeserver.py
index 3bfe9d507f..679b7f4289 100644
--- a/synapse/app/homeserver.py
+++ b/synapse/app/homeserver.py
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
 #
diff --git a/synapse/app/media_repository.py b/synapse/app/media_repository.py
index add43147b3..2d50060ffb 100644
--- a/synapse/app/media_repository.py
+++ b/synapse/app/media_repository.py
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/app/pusher.py b/synapse/app/pusher.py
index add43147b3..2d50060ffb 100644
--- a/synapse/app/pusher.py
+++ b/synapse/app/pusher.py
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/app/synchrotron.py b/synapse/app/synchrotron.py
index add43147b3..2d50060ffb 100644
--- a/synapse/app/synchrotron.py
+++ b/synapse/app/synchrotron.py
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/app/user_dir.py b/synapse/app/user_dir.py
index 503d44f687..a368efb354 100644
--- a/synapse/app/user_dir.py
+++ b/synapse/app/user_dir.py
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2017 Vector Creations Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/appservice/__init__.py b/synapse/appservice/__init__.py
index 0bfc5e445f..6504c6bd3f 100644
--- a/synapse/appservice/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/appservice/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/appservice/api.py b/synapse/appservice/api.py
index 9d3bbe3b8b..fe04d7a672 100644
--- a/synapse/appservice/api.py
+++ b/synapse/appservice/api.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/appservice/scheduler.py b/synapse/appservice/scheduler.py
index 5203ffe90f..6a2ce99b55 100644
--- a/synapse/appservice/scheduler.py
+++ b/synapse/appservice/scheduler.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/config/__init__.py b/synapse/config/__init__.py
index 1e76e9559d..d2f889159e 100644
--- a/synapse/config/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/config/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/config/__main__.py b/synapse/config/__main__.py
index 65043d5b5b..b5b6735a8f 100644
--- a/synapse/config/__main__.py
+++ b/synapse/config/__main__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/config/_base.py b/synapse/config/_base.py
index ba9cd63cf2..08e2c2c543 100644
--- a/synapse/config/_base.py
+++ b/synapse/config/_base.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2017-2018 New Vector Ltd
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
diff --git a/synapse/config/_util.py b/synapse/config/_util.py
index 8fce7f6bb1..3edb4b7106 100644
--- a/synapse/config/_util.py
+++ b/synapse/config/_util.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/config/auth.py b/synapse/config/auth.py
index 9aabaadf9e..e10d641a96 100644
--- a/synapse/config/auth.py
+++ b/synapse/config/auth.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
diff --git a/synapse/config/cache.py b/synapse/config/cache.py
index 4e8abbf88a..41b9b3f51f 100644
--- a/synapse/config/cache.py
+++ b/synapse/config/cache.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/config/cas.py b/synapse/config/cas.py
index dbf5085965..901f4123e1 100644
--- a/synapse/config/cas.py
+++ b/synapse/config/cas.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/config/consent_config.py b/synapse/config/consent_config.py
index c47f364b14..30d07cc219 100644
--- a/synapse/config/consent_config.py
+++ b/synapse/config/consent_config.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/config/database.py b/synapse/config/database.py
index e7889b9c20..79a02706b4 100644
--- a/synapse/config/database.py
+++ b/synapse/config/database.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
diff --git a/synapse/config/emailconfig.py b/synapse/config/emailconfig.py
index 52505ac5d2..c587939c7a 100644
--- a/synapse/config/emailconfig.py
+++ b/synapse/config/emailconfig.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2017-2018 New Vector Ltd
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
diff --git a/synapse/config/experimental.py b/synapse/config/experimental.py
index eb96ecda74..a693fba877 100644
--- a/synapse/config/experimental.py
+++ b/synapse/config/experimental.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2021 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/config/federation.py b/synapse/config/federation.py
index 55e4db5442..090ba047fa 100644
--- a/synapse/config/federation.py
+++ b/synapse/config/federation.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/config/groups.py b/synapse/config/groups.py
index 7b7860ea71..15c2e64bda 100644
--- a/synapse/config/groups.py
+++ b/synapse/config/groups.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2017 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/config/homeserver.py b/synapse/config/homeserver.py
index 64a2429f77..1309535068 100644
--- a/synapse/config/homeserver.py
+++ b/synapse/config/homeserver.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
diff --git a/synapse/config/jwt_config.py b/synapse/config/jwt_config.py
index f30330abb6..9e07e73008 100644
--- a/synapse/config/jwt_config.py
+++ b/synapse/config/jwt_config.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015 Niklas Riekenbrauck
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/config/key.py b/synapse/config/key.py
index 350ff1d665..94a9063043 100644
--- a/synapse/config/key.py
+++ b/synapse/config/key.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
diff --git a/synapse/config/logger.py b/synapse/config/logger.py
index 999aecce5c..b174e0df6d 100644
--- a/synapse/config/logger.py
+++ b/synapse/config/logger.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/config/metrics.py b/synapse/config/metrics.py
index 2b289f4208..7ac82edb0e 100644
--- a/synapse/config/metrics.py
+++ b/synapse/config/metrics.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
diff --git a/synapse/config/oidc_config.py b/synapse/config/oidc_config.py
index 05733ec41d..5fb94376fd 100644
--- a/synapse/config/oidc_config.py
+++ b/synapse/config/oidc_config.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 Quentin Gliech
 # Copyright 2020-2021 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
diff --git a/synapse/config/password_auth_providers.py b/synapse/config/password_auth_providers.py
index 85d07c4f8f..1cf69734bb 100644
--- a/synapse/config/password_auth_providers.py
+++ b/synapse/config/password_auth_providers.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016 Openmarket
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/config/push.py b/synapse/config/push.py
index 7831a2ef79..6ef8491caf 100644
--- a/synapse/config/push.py
+++ b/synapse/config/push.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2017 New Vector Ltd
 #
diff --git a/synapse/config/redis.py b/synapse/config/redis.py
index 1373302335..33104af734 100644
--- a/synapse/config/redis.py
+++ b/synapse/config/redis.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/config/registration.py b/synapse/config/registration.py
index f27d1e14ac..f8a2768af8 100644
--- a/synapse/config/registration.py
+++ b/synapse/config/registration.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/config/repository.py b/synapse/config/repository.py
index 061c4ec83f..146bc55d6f 100644
--- a/synapse/config/repository.py
+++ b/synapse/config/repository.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014, 2015 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/config/room.py b/synapse/config/room.py
index 692d7a1936..d889d90dbc 100644
--- a/synapse/config/room.py
+++ b/synapse/config/room.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/config/room_directory.py b/synapse/config/room_directory.py
index 2dd719c388..56981cac79 100644
--- a/synapse/config/room_directory.py
+++ b/synapse/config/room_directory.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/config/saml2_config.py b/synapse/config/saml2_config.py
index 6db9cb5ced..55a7838b10 100644
--- a/synapse/config/saml2_config.py
+++ b/synapse/config/saml2_config.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
diff --git a/synapse/config/server.py b/synapse/config/server.py
index 8decc9d10d..02b86b11a5 100644
--- a/synapse/config/server.py
+++ b/synapse/config/server.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2017-2018 New Vector Ltd
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
diff --git a/synapse/config/server_notices_config.py b/synapse/config/server_notices_config.py
index 57f69dc8e2..48bf3241b6 100644
--- a/synapse/config/server_notices_config.py
+++ b/synapse/config/server_notices_config.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/config/spam_checker.py b/synapse/config/spam_checker.py
index 3d05abc158..447ba3303b 100644
--- a/synapse/config/spam_checker.py
+++ b/synapse/config/spam_checker.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2017 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/config/sso.py b/synapse/config/sso.py
index 243cc681e8..af645c930d 100644
--- a/synapse/config/sso.py
+++ b/synapse/config/sso.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/config/stats.py b/synapse/config/stats.py
index 2258329a52..3d44b51201 100644
--- a/synapse/config/stats.py
+++ b/synapse/config/stats.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/config/third_party_event_rules.py b/synapse/config/third_party_event_rules.py
index c04e1c4e07..f502ff539e 100644
--- a/synapse/config/third_party_event_rules.py
+++ b/synapse/config/third_party_event_rules.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/config/tls.py b/synapse/config/tls.py
index 85b5db4c40..b041869758 100644
--- a/synapse/config/tls.py
+++ b/synapse/config/tls.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/config/tracer.py b/synapse/config/tracer.py
index 727a1e7008..db22b5b19f 100644
--- a/synapse/config/tracer.py
+++ b/synapse/config/tracer.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.d
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/config/user_directory.py b/synapse/config/user_directory.py
index 8d05ef173c..4cbf79eeed 100644
--- a/synapse/config/user_directory.py
+++ b/synapse/config/user_directory.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2017 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/config/workers.py b/synapse/config/workers.py
index ac92375a85..b2540163d1 100644
--- a/synapse/config/workers.py
+++ b/synapse/config/workers.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/crypto/__init__.py b/synapse/crypto/__init__.py
index bfebb0f644..5e83dba2ed 100644
--- a/synapse/crypto/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/crypto/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/crypto/event_signing.py b/synapse/crypto/event_signing.py
index 8fb116ae18..0f2b632e47 100644
--- a/synapse/crypto/event_signing.py
+++ b/synapse/crypto/event_signing.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 #
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
diff --git a/synapse/crypto/keyring.py b/synapse/crypto/keyring.py
index d5fb51513b..40073dc7c2 100644
--- a/synapse/crypto/keyring.py
+++ b/synapse/crypto/keyring.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2017, 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
diff --git a/synapse/event_auth.py b/synapse/event_auth.py
index 9863953f5c..5234e3f81e 100644
--- a/synapse/event_auth.py
+++ b/synapse/event_auth.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014 - 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
diff --git a/synapse/events/__init__.py b/synapse/events/__init__.py
index f9032e3697..c8b52cbc7a 100644
--- a/synapse/events/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/events/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
diff --git a/synapse/events/builder.py b/synapse/events/builder.py
index c1c0426f6e..5793553a88 100644
--- a/synapse/events/builder.py
+++ b/synapse/events/builder.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/events/presence_router.py b/synapse/events/presence_router.py
index 24cd389d80..6c37c8a7a4 100644
--- a/synapse/events/presence_router.py
+++ b/synapse/events/presence_router.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2021 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/events/snapshot.py b/synapse/events/snapshot.py
index 7295df74fe..f8d898c3b1 100644
--- a/synapse/events/snapshot.py
+++ b/synapse/events/snapshot.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/events/spamcheck.py b/synapse/events/spamcheck.py
index a9185987a2..c727b48c1e 100644
--- a/synapse/events/spamcheck.py
+++ b/synapse/events/spamcheck.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2017 New Vector Ltd
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
diff --git a/synapse/events/third_party_rules.py b/synapse/events/third_party_rules.py
index 9767d23940..f7944fd834 100644
--- a/synapse/events/third_party_rules.py
+++ b/synapse/events/third_party_rules.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/events/utils.py b/synapse/events/utils.py
index 0f8a3b5ad8..7d7cd9aaee 100644
--- a/synapse/events/utils.py
+++ b/synapse/events/utils.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/events/validator.py b/synapse/events/validator.py
index f8f3b1a31e..fa6987d7cb 100644
--- a/synapse/events/validator.py
+++ b/synapse/events/validator.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/federation/__init__.py b/synapse/federation/__init__.py
index f5f0bdfca3..46300cba25 100644
--- a/synapse/federation/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/federation/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/federation/federation_base.py b/synapse/federation/federation_base.py
index 383737520a..949dcd4614 100644
--- a/synapse/federation/federation_base.py
+++ b/synapse/federation/federation_base.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
diff --git a/synapse/federation/federation_client.py b/synapse/federation/federation_client.py
index 55533d7501..f93335edaa 100644
--- a/synapse/federation/federation_client.py
+++ b/synapse/federation/federation_client.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/federation/federation_server.py b/synapse/federation/federation_server.py
index b9f8d966a6..3ff6479cfb 100644
--- a/synapse/federation/federation_server.py
+++ b/synapse/federation/federation_server.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 # Copyright 2019 Matrix.org Federation C.I.C
diff --git a/synapse/federation/persistence.py b/synapse/federation/persistence.py
index ce5fc758f0..2f9c9bc2cd 100644
--- a/synapse/federation/persistence.py
+++ b/synapse/federation/persistence.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/federation/send_queue.py b/synapse/federation/send_queue.py
index 0c18c49abb..e3f0bc2471 100644
--- a/synapse/federation/send_queue.py
+++ b/synapse/federation/send_queue.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/federation/sender/__init__.py b/synapse/federation/sender/__init__.py
index d821dcbf6a..155161685d 100644
--- a/synapse/federation/sender/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/federation/sender/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/federation/sender/per_destination_queue.py b/synapse/federation/sender/per_destination_queue.py
index e9c8a9f20a..3b053ebcfb 100644
--- a/synapse/federation/sender/per_destination_queue.py
+++ b/synapse/federation/sender/per_destination_queue.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
 #
diff --git a/synapse/federation/sender/transaction_manager.py b/synapse/federation/sender/transaction_manager.py
index 07b740c2f2..12fe3a719b 100644
--- a/synapse/federation/sender/transaction_manager.py
+++ b/synapse/federation/sender/transaction_manager.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/federation/transport/__init__.py b/synapse/federation/transport/__init__.py
index 5db733af98..3c9a0f6944 100644
--- a/synapse/federation/transport/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/federation/transport/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/federation/transport/client.py b/synapse/federation/transport/client.py
index 6aee47c431..ada322a81e 100644
--- a/synapse/federation/transport/client.py
+++ b/synapse/federation/transport/client.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
diff --git a/synapse/federation/transport/server.py b/synapse/federation/transport/server.py
index a9c1391d27..a3759bdda1 100644
--- a/synapse/federation/transport/server.py
+++ b/synapse/federation/transport/server.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
diff --git a/synapse/federation/units.py b/synapse/federation/units.py
index 0f8bf000ac..c83a261918 100644
--- a/synapse/federation/units.py
+++ b/synapse/federation/units.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/groups/attestations.py b/synapse/groups/attestations.py
index 368c44708d..d2fc8be5f5 100644
--- a/synapse/groups/attestations.py
+++ b/synapse/groups/attestations.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2017 Vector Creations Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/groups/groups_server.py b/synapse/groups/groups_server.py
index 4b16a4ac29..a06d060ebf 100644
--- a/synapse/groups/groups_server.py
+++ b/synapse/groups/groups_server.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2017 Vector Creations Ltd
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 # Copyright 2019 Michael Telatynski <7t3chguy@gmail.com>
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/__init__.py b/synapse/handlers/__init__.py
index bfebb0f644..5e83dba2ed 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/_base.py b/synapse/handlers/_base.py
index fb899aa90d..d800e16912 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/_base.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/_base.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014 - 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/account_data.py b/synapse/handlers/account_data.py
index 1ce6d697ed..affb54e0ee 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/account_data.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/account_data.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2021 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/account_validity.py b/synapse/handlers/account_validity.py
index bee1447c2e..66ce7e8b83 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/account_validity.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/account_validity.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/acme.py b/synapse/handlers/acme.py
index 2a25af6288..16ab93f580 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/acme.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/acme.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/acme_issuing_service.py b/synapse/handlers/acme_issuing_service.py
index ae2a9dd9c2..a972d3fa0a 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/acme_issuing_service.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/acme_issuing_service.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/admin.py b/synapse/handlers/admin.py
index c494de49a3..f72ded038e 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/admin.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/admin.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/appservice.py b/synapse/handlers/appservice.py
index 9fb7ee335d..d7bc4e23ed 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/appservice.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/appservice.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/auth.py b/synapse/handlers/auth.py
index 08e413bc98..b8a37b6477 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/auth.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/auth.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014 - 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2017 Vector Creations Ltd
 # Copyright 2019 - 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/cas_handler.py b/synapse/handlers/cas_handler.py
index 5060936f94..7346ccfe93 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/cas_handler.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/cas_handler.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/deactivate_account.py b/synapse/handlers/deactivate_account.py
index 2bcd8f5435..3f6f9f7f3d 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/deactivate_account.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/deactivate_account.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2017, 2018 New Vector Ltd
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/device.py b/synapse/handlers/device.py
index 7e76db3e2a..d75edb184b 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/device.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/device.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
 # Copyright 2019,2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/devicemessage.py b/synapse/handlers/devicemessage.py
index c971eeb4d2..c5d631de07 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/devicemessage.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/devicemessage.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/directory.py b/synapse/handlers/directory.py
index abcf86352d..90932316f3 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/directory.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/directory.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/e2e_keys.py b/synapse/handlers/e2e_keys.py
index 92b18378fc..974487800d 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/e2e_keys.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/e2e_keys.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2018-2019 New Vector Ltd
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/e2e_room_keys.py b/synapse/handlers/e2e_room_keys.py
index a910d246d6..31742236a9 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/e2e_room_keys.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/e2e_room_keys.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2017, 2018 New Vector Ltd
 # Copyright 2019 Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/events.py b/synapse/handlers/events.py
index f46cab7325..d82144d7fa 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/events.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/events.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/federation.py b/synapse/handlers/federation.py
index 67888898ff..fe1d83f6b8 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/federation.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/federation.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2017-2018 New Vector Ltd
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/groups_local.py b/synapse/handlers/groups_local.py
index a41ca5df9c..157f2ff218 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/groups_local.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/groups_local.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2017 Vector Creations Ltd
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/identity.py b/synapse/handlers/identity.py
index d89fa5fb30..87a8b89237 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/identity.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/identity.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2017 Vector Creations Ltd
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/initial_sync.py b/synapse/handlers/initial_sync.py
index 13f8152283..76242865ae 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/initial_sync.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/initial_sync.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/message.py b/synapse/handlers/message.py
index 125dae6d25..ec8eb21674 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/message.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/message.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2017-2018 New Vector Ltd
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/oidc_handler.py b/synapse/handlers/oidc_handler.py
index 6624212d6f..b156196a70 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/oidc_handler.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/oidc_handler.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 Quentin Gliech
 # Copyright 2021 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/pagination.py b/synapse/handlers/pagination.py
index 66dc886c81..1e1186c29e 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/pagination.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/pagination.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014 - 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2017 - 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/password_policy.py b/synapse/handlers/password_policy.py
index 92cefa11aa..cd21efdcc6 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/password_policy.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/password_policy.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/presence.py b/synapse/handlers/presence.py
index 0047907cd9..251b48148d 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/presence.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/presence.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/profile.py b/synapse/handlers/profile.py
index a755363c3f..05b4a97b59 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/profile.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/profile.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/read_marker.py b/synapse/handlers/read_marker.py
index a54fe1968e..c679a8303e 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/read_marker.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/read_marker.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2017 Vector Creations Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/receipts.py b/synapse/handlers/receipts.py
index dbfe9bfaca..f782d9db32 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/receipts.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/receipts.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/register.py b/synapse/handlers/register.py
index 3b6660c873..007fb12840 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/register.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/register.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014 - 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/room.py b/synapse/handlers/room.py
index 4b3d0d72e3..5a888b7941 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/room.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/room.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014 - 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2018-2019 New Vector Ltd
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/room_list.py b/synapse/handlers/room_list.py
index 924b81db7c..141c9c0444 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/room_list.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/room_list.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014 - 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/room_member.py b/synapse/handlers/room_member.py
index 894ef859f4..2bbfac6471 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/room_member.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/room_member.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016-2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/room_member_worker.py b/synapse/handlers/room_member_worker.py
index 3a90fc0c16..3e89dd2315 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/room_member_worker.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/room_member_worker.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/saml_handler.py b/synapse/handlers/saml_handler.py
index ec2ba11c75..80ba65b9e0 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/saml_handler.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/saml_handler.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/search.py b/synapse/handlers/search.py
index d742dfbd53..4e718d3f63 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/search.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/search.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/set_password.py b/synapse/handlers/set_password.py
index f98a338ec5..a63fac8283 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/set_password.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/set_password.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2017 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/space_summary.py b/synapse/handlers/space_summary.py
index 5d9418969d..01e3e050f9 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/space_summary.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/space_summary.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2021 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/sso.py b/synapse/handlers/sso.py
index 415b1c2d17..8d00ffdc73 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/sso.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/sso.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/state_deltas.py b/synapse/handlers/state_deltas.py
index ee8f87e59a..077c7c0649 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/state_deltas.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/state_deltas.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/stats.py b/synapse/handlers/stats.py
index 8730f99d03..383e34026e 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/stats.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/stats.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/sync.py b/synapse/handlers/sync.py
index f8d88ef77b..dc8ee8cd17 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/sync.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/sync.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2018, 2019 New Vector Ltd
 #
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/typing.py b/synapse/handlers/typing.py
index bb35af099d..e22393adc4 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/typing.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/typing.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/ui_auth/__init__.py b/synapse/handlers/ui_auth/__init__.py
index a68d5e790e..4c3b669fae 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/ui_auth/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/ui_auth/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/ui_auth/checkers.py b/synapse/handlers/ui_auth/checkers.py
index 3d66bf305e..0eeb7c03f2 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/ui_auth/checkers.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/ui_auth/checkers.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/user_directory.py b/synapse/handlers/user_directory.py
index b121286d95..9b1e6d5c18 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/user_directory.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/user_directory.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2017 Vector Creations Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/http/__init__.py b/synapse/http/__init__.py
index 142b007d01..ed4671b7de 100644
--- a/synapse/http/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/http/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
diff --git a/synapse/http/additional_resource.py b/synapse/http/additional_resource.py
index 479746c9c5..55ea97a07f 100644
--- a/synapse/http/additional_resource.py
+++ b/synapse/http/additional_resource.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2017 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/http/client.py b/synapse/http/client.py
index f7a07f0466..1730187ffa 100644
--- a/synapse/http/client.py
+++ b/synapse/http/client.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
diff --git a/synapse/http/connectproxyclient.py b/synapse/http/connectproxyclient.py
index b797e3ce80..17e1c5abb1 100644
--- a/synapse/http/connectproxyclient.py
+++ b/synapse/http/connectproxyclient.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/http/federation/__init__.py b/synapse/http/federation/__init__.py
index 1453d04571..743fb9904a 100644
--- a/synapse/http/federation/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/http/federation/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/http/federation/matrix_federation_agent.py b/synapse/http/federation/matrix_federation_agent.py
index 5935a125fd..950770201a 100644
--- a/synapse/http/federation/matrix_federation_agent.py
+++ b/synapse/http/federation/matrix_federation_agent.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/http/federation/srv_resolver.py b/synapse/http/federation/srv_resolver.py
index d9620032d2..b8ed4ec905 100644
--- a/synapse/http/federation/srv_resolver.py
+++ b/synapse/http/federation/srv_resolver.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
 #
diff --git a/synapse/http/federation/well_known_resolver.py b/synapse/http/federation/well_known_resolver.py
index ce4079f15c..20d39a4ea6 100644
--- a/synapse/http/federation/well_known_resolver.py
+++ b/synapse/http/federation/well_known_resolver.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/http/matrixfederationclient.py b/synapse/http/matrixfederationclient.py
index ab47dec8f2..d48721a4e2 100644
--- a/synapse/http/matrixfederationclient.py
+++ b/synapse/http/matrixfederationclient.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
diff --git a/synapse/http/proxyagent.py b/synapse/http/proxyagent.py
index ea5ad14cb0..7dfae8b786 100644
--- a/synapse/http/proxyagent.py
+++ b/synapse/http/proxyagent.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/http/request_metrics.py b/synapse/http/request_metrics.py
index 0ec5d941b8..602f93c497 100644
--- a/synapse/http/request_metrics.py
+++ b/synapse/http/request_metrics.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
diff --git a/synapse/http/server.py b/synapse/http/server.py
index fa89260850..845651e606 100644
--- a/synapse/http/server.py
+++ b/synapse/http/server.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
diff --git a/synapse/http/servlet.py b/synapse/http/servlet.py
index 0e637f4701..31897546a9 100644
--- a/synapse/http/servlet.py
+++ b/synapse/http/servlet.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/logging/__init__.py b/synapse/logging/__init__.py
index b28b7b2ef7..e00969f8b1 100644
--- a/synapse/logging/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/logging/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/logging/_remote.py b/synapse/logging/_remote.py
index 643492ceaf..4e8b0f8d10 100644
--- a/synapse/logging/_remote.py
+++ b/synapse/logging/_remote.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/logging/_structured.py b/synapse/logging/_structured.py
index 3e054f615c..c7a971a9d6 100644
--- a/synapse/logging/_structured.py
+++ b/synapse/logging/_structured.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/logging/_terse_json.py b/synapse/logging/_terse_json.py
index 2fbf5549a1..8002a250a2 100644
--- a/synapse/logging/_terse_json.py
+++ b/synapse/logging/_terse_json.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/logging/filter.py b/synapse/logging/filter.py
index 1baf8dd679..ed51a4726c 100644
--- a/synapse/logging/filter.py
+++ b/synapse/logging/filter.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/logging/formatter.py b/synapse/logging/formatter.py
index 11f60a77f7..c0f12ecd15 100644
--- a/synapse/logging/formatter.py
+++ b/synapse/logging/formatter.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2017 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/logging/opentracing.py b/synapse/logging/opentracing.py
index bfe9136fd8..fba2fa3904 100644
--- a/synapse/logging/opentracing.py
+++ b/synapse/logging/opentracing.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/logging/scopecontextmanager.py b/synapse/logging/scopecontextmanager.py
index 7b9c657456..b1e8e08fe9 100644
--- a/synapse/logging/scopecontextmanager.py
+++ b/synapse/logging/scopecontextmanager.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/logging/utils.py b/synapse/logging/utils.py
index fd3543ab04..08895e72ee 100644
--- a/synapse/logging/utils.py
+++ b/synapse/logging/utils.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/metrics/__init__.py b/synapse/metrics/__init__.py
index 13a5bc4558..31b7b3c256 100644
--- a/synapse/metrics/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/metrics/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/metrics/_exposition.py b/synapse/metrics/_exposition.py
index 71320a1402..8002be56e0 100644
--- a/synapse/metrics/_exposition.py
+++ b/synapse/metrics/_exposition.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015-2019 Prometheus Python Client Developers
 # Copyright 2019 Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
diff --git a/synapse/metrics/background_process_metrics.py b/synapse/metrics/background_process_metrics.py
index e8a9096c03..cbd0894e57 100644
--- a/synapse/metrics/background_process_metrics.py
+++ b/synapse/metrics/background_process_metrics.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/module_api/__init__.py b/synapse/module_api/__init__.py
index ca1bd4cdc9..b7dbbfc27c 100644
--- a/synapse/module_api/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/module_api/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2017 New Vector Ltd
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
diff --git a/synapse/module_api/errors.py b/synapse/module_api/errors.py
index b15441772c..d24864c549 100644
--- a/synapse/module_api/errors.py
+++ b/synapse/module_api/errors.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/notifier.py b/synapse/notifier.py
index 7ce34380af..d5ab77058d 100644
--- a/synapse/notifier.py
+++ b/synapse/notifier.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014 - 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/push/__init__.py b/synapse/push/__init__.py
index 9fc3da49a2..2c23afe8e3 100644
--- a/synapse/push/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/push/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/push/action_generator.py b/synapse/push/action_generator.py
index 38a47a600f..60758df016 100644
--- a/synapse/push/action_generator.py
+++ b/synapse/push/action_generator.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/push/bulk_push_rule_evaluator.py b/synapse/push/bulk_push_rule_evaluator.py
index 1897f59153..50b470c310 100644
--- a/synapse/push/bulk_push_rule_evaluator.py
+++ b/synapse/push/bulk_push_rule_evaluator.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2017 New Vector Ltd
 #
diff --git a/synapse/push/clientformat.py b/synapse/push/clientformat.py
index 0cadba761a..2ee0ccd58a 100644
--- a/synapse/push/clientformat.py
+++ b/synapse/push/clientformat.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/push/emailpusher.py b/synapse/push/emailpusher.py
index c0968dc7a1..cd89b54305 100644
--- a/synapse/push/emailpusher.py
+++ b/synapse/push/emailpusher.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/push/httppusher.py b/synapse/push/httppusher.py
index 26af5309c1..06bf5f8ada 100644
--- a/synapse/push/httppusher.py
+++ b/synapse/push/httppusher.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2017 New Vector Ltd
 #
diff --git a/synapse/push/mailer.py b/synapse/push/mailer.py
index 2e5161de2c..c4b43b0d3f 100644
--- a/synapse/push/mailer.py
+++ b/synapse/push/mailer.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/push/presentable_names.py b/synapse/push/presentable_names.py
index 04c2c1482c..412941393f 100644
--- a/synapse/push/presentable_names.py
+++ b/synapse/push/presentable_names.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/push/push_rule_evaluator.py b/synapse/push/push_rule_evaluator.py
index ba1877adcd..49ecb38522 100644
--- a/synapse/push/push_rule_evaluator.py
+++ b/synapse/push/push_rule_evaluator.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2017 New Vector Ltd
 #
diff --git a/synapse/push/push_tools.py b/synapse/push/push_tools.py
index df34103224..9c85200c0f 100644
--- a/synapse/push/push_tools.py
+++ b/synapse/push/push_tools.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/push/pusher.py b/synapse/push/pusher.py
index cb94127850..c51938b8cf 100644
--- a/synapse/push/pusher.py
+++ b/synapse/push/pusher.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/push/pusherpool.py b/synapse/push/pusherpool.py
index 4c7f5fecee..564a5ed0df 100644
--- a/synapse/push/pusherpool.py
+++ b/synapse/push/pusherpool.py
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/replication/__init__.py b/synapse/replication/__init__.py
index b7df13c9ee..f43a360a80 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/replication/http/__init__.py b/synapse/replication/http/__init__.py
index cb4a52dbe9..ba8114ac9e 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/http/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/http/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/replication/http/_base.py b/synapse/replication/http/_base.py
index b7aa0c280f..ece03467b5 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/http/_base.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/http/_base.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/replication/http/account_data.py b/synapse/replication/http/account_data.py
index 60899b6ad6..70e951af63 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/http/account_data.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/http/account_data.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2021 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/replication/http/devices.py b/synapse/replication/http/devices.py
index 807b85d2e1..5a5818ef61 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/http/devices.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/http/devices.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/replication/http/federation.py b/synapse/replication/http/federation.py
index 82ea3b895f..79cadb7b57 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/http/federation.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/http/federation.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/replication/http/login.py b/synapse/replication/http/login.py
index 4ec1bfa6ea..c2e8c00293 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/http/login.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/http/login.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/replication/http/membership.py b/synapse/replication/http/membership.py
index c10992ff51..289a397d68 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/http/membership.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/http/membership.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/replication/http/presence.py b/synapse/replication/http/presence.py
index bc9aa82cb4..f25307620d 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/http/presence.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/http/presence.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/replication/http/push.py b/synapse/replication/http/push.py
index 054ed64d34..139427cb1f 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/http/push.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/http/push.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2021 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/replication/http/register.py b/synapse/replication/http/register.py
index 73d7477854..d6dd7242eb 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/http/register.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/http/register.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/replication/http/send_event.py b/synapse/replication/http/send_event.py
index a4c5b44292..fae5ffa451 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/http/send_event.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/http/send_event.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/replication/http/streams.py b/synapse/replication/http/streams.py
index 309159e304..9afa147d00 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/http/streams.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/http/streams.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/replication/slave/__init__.py b/synapse/replication/slave/__init__.py
index b7df13c9ee..f43a360a80 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/slave/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/slave/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/__init__.py b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/__init__.py
index b7df13c9ee..f43a360a80 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/_base.py b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/_base.py
index 693c9ab901..faa99387a7 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/_base.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/_base.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/_slaved_id_tracker.py b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/_slaved_id_tracker.py
index 0d39a93ed2..2cb7489047 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/_slaved_id_tracker.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/_slaved_id_tracker.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/account_data.py b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/account_data.py
index 21afe5f155..ee74ee7d85 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/account_data.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/account_data.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
diff --git a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/appservice.py b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/appservice.py
index 0f8d7037bd..29f50c0add 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/appservice.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/appservice.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
diff --git a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/client_ips.py b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/client_ips.py
index 0f5b7adef7..8730966380 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/client_ips.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/client_ips.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2017 Vector Creations Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/deviceinbox.py b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/deviceinbox.py
index 1260f6d141..e940751084 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/deviceinbox.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/deviceinbox.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/devices.py b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/devices.py
index e0d86240dd..70207420a6 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/devices.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/devices.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/directory.py b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/directory.py
index 1945bcf9a8..71fde0c96c 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/directory.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/directory.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/events.py b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/events.py
index fbffe6d85c..d4d3f8c448 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/events.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/events.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
diff --git a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/filtering.py b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/filtering.py
index 6a23252861..37875bc973 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/filtering.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/filtering.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/groups.py b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/groups.py
index 30955bcbfe..e9bdc38470 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/groups.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/groups.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/keys.py b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/keys.py
index 961579751c..a00b38c512 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/keys.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/keys.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/presence.py b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/presence.py
index 55620c03d8..57327d910d 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/presence.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/presence.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/profile.py b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/profile.py
index f85b20a071..99f4a22642 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/profile.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/profile.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/push_rule.py b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/push_rule.py
index de904c943c..4d5f862862 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/push_rule.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/push_rule.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
diff --git a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/pushers.py b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/pushers.py
index 93161c3dfb..2672a2c94b 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/pushers.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/pushers.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
diff --git a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/receipts.py b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/receipts.py
index 3dfdd9961d..3826b87dec 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/receipts.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/receipts.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
diff --git a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/registration.py b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/registration.py
index a40f064e2b..5dae35a960 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/registration.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/registration.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/room.py b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/room.py
index 109ac6bea1..8cc6de3f46 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/room.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/room.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/transactions.py b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/transactions.py
index 2091ac0df6..a59e543924 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/transactions.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/transactions.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/replication/tcp/__init__.py b/synapse/replication/tcp/__init__.py
index 1b8718b11d..1fa60af8e6 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/tcp/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/tcp/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2017 Vector Creations Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/replication/tcp/client.py b/synapse/replication/tcp/client.py
index 3455839d67..ced69ee904 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/tcp/client.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/tcp/client.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2017 Vector Creations Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/replication/tcp/commands.py b/synapse/replication/tcp/commands.py
index 8abed1f52d..505d450e19 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/tcp/commands.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/tcp/commands.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2017 Vector Creations Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/replication/tcp/external_cache.py b/synapse/replication/tcp/external_cache.py
index d89a36f25a..1a3b051e3c 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/tcp/external_cache.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/tcp/external_cache.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2021 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/replication/tcp/handler.py b/synapse/replication/tcp/handler.py
index a8894beadf..2ce1b9f222 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/tcp/handler.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/tcp/handler.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2017 Vector Creations Ltd
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
diff --git a/synapse/replication/tcp/protocol.py b/synapse/replication/tcp/protocol.py
index d10d574246..6860576e78 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/tcp/protocol.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/tcp/protocol.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2017 Vector Creations Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/replication/tcp/redis.py b/synapse/replication/tcp/redis.py
index 98bdeb0ec6..6a2c2655e4 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/tcp/redis.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/tcp/redis.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/replication/tcp/resource.py b/synapse/replication/tcp/resource.py
index 2018f9f29e..bd47d84258 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/tcp/resource.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/tcp/resource.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2017 Vector Creations Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/replication/tcp/streams/__init__.py b/synapse/replication/tcp/streams/__init__.py
index d1a61c3314..fb74ac4e98 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/tcp/streams/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/tcp/streams/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2017 Vector Creations Ltd
 # Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
 #
diff --git a/synapse/replication/tcp/streams/_base.py b/synapse/replication/tcp/streams/_base.py
index 3dfee76743..520c45f151 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/tcp/streams/_base.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/tcp/streams/_base.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2017 Vector Creations Ltd
 # Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
 #
diff --git a/synapse/replication/tcp/streams/events.py b/synapse/replication/tcp/streams/events.py
index fa5e37ba7b..e7e87bac92 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/tcp/streams/events.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/tcp/streams/events.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2017 Vector Creations Ltd
 # Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
 #
diff --git a/synapse/replication/tcp/streams/federation.py b/synapse/replication/tcp/streams/federation.py
index 9bb8e9e177..096a85d363 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/tcp/streams/federation.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/tcp/streams/federation.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2017 Vector Creations Ltd
 # Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
 #
diff --git a/synapse/rest/__init__.py b/synapse/rest/__init__.py
index 40f5c32db2..79d52d2dcb 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
diff --git a/synapse/rest/admin/__init__.py b/synapse/rest/admin/__init__.py
index 2dec818a5f..9cb9a9f6aa 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/admin/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/admin/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2018-2019 New Vector Ltd
 # Copyright 2020, 2021 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
diff --git a/synapse/rest/admin/_base.py b/synapse/rest/admin/_base.py
index 7681e55b58..f203f6fdc6 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/admin/_base.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/admin/_base.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/rest/admin/devices.py b/synapse/rest/admin/devices.py
index 5996de11c3..5715190a78 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/admin/devices.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/admin/devices.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 Dirk Klimpel
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/rest/admin/event_reports.py b/synapse/rest/admin/event_reports.py
index 381c3fe685..bbfcaf723b 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/admin/event_reports.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/admin/event_reports.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 Dirk Klimpel
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/rest/admin/groups.py b/synapse/rest/admin/groups.py
index ebc587aa06..3b3ffde0b6 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/admin/groups.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/admin/groups.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/rest/admin/media.py b/synapse/rest/admin/media.py
index 40646ef241..24dd46113a 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/admin/media.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/admin/media.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2018-2019 New Vector Ltd
 #
diff --git a/synapse/rest/admin/purge_room_servlet.py b/synapse/rest/admin/purge_room_servlet.py
index 49966ee3e0..2365ff7a0f 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/admin/purge_room_servlet.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/admin/purge_room_servlet.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/rest/admin/rooms.py b/synapse/rest/admin/rooms.py
index cfe1bebb91..d0cf121743 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/admin/rooms.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/admin/rooms.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019-2021 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/rest/admin/server_notice_servlet.py b/synapse/rest/admin/server_notice_servlet.py
index f495666f4a..cc3ab5854b 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/admin/server_notice_servlet.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/admin/server_notice_servlet.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/rest/admin/statistics.py b/synapse/rest/admin/statistics.py
index f2490e382d..948de94ccd 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/admin/statistics.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/admin/statistics.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 Dirk Klimpel
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/rest/admin/users.py b/synapse/rest/admin/users.py
index 04990c71fb..edda7861fa 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/admin/users.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/admin/users.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/__init__.py b/synapse/rest/client/__init__.py
index fe0ac3f8e9..629e2df74a 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/transactions.py b/synapse/rest/client/transactions.py
index 7be5c0fb88..94ff3719ce 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/transactions.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/transactions.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v1/__init__.py b/synapse/rest/client/v1/__init__.py
index bfebb0f644..5e83dba2ed 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v1/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v1/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v1/directory.py b/synapse/rest/client/v1/directory.py
index e5af26b176..ae92a3df8e 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v1/directory.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v1/directory.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v1/events.py b/synapse/rest/client/v1/events.py
index 6de4078290..ee7454996e 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v1/events.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v1/events.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v1/initial_sync.py b/synapse/rest/client/v1/initial_sync.py
index 91da0ee573..bef1edc838 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v1/initial_sync.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v1/initial_sync.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v1/login.py b/synapse/rest/client/v1/login.py
index 3151e72d4f..42e709ec14 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v1/login.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v1/login.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v1/logout.py b/synapse/rest/client/v1/logout.py
index ad8cea49c6..5aa7908d73 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v1/logout.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v1/logout.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v1/presence.py b/synapse/rest/client/v1/presence.py
index 23a529f8e3..c232484f29 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v1/presence.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v1/presence.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v1/profile.py b/synapse/rest/client/v1/profile.py
index 717c5f2b10..f42f4b3567 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v1/profile.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v1/profile.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v1/push_rule.py b/synapse/rest/client/v1/push_rule.py
index 241e535917..be29a0b39e 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v1/push_rule.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v1/push_rule.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v1/pusher.py b/synapse/rest/client/v1/pusher.py
index 0c148a213d..18102eca6c 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v1/pusher.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v1/pusher.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v1/room.py b/synapse/rest/client/v1/room.py
index 525efdf221..5cab4d3c7b 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v1/room.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v1/room.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v1/voip.py b/synapse/rest/client/v1/voip.py
index d07ca2c47c..c780ffded5 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v1/voip.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v1/voip.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/__init__.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/__init__.py
index bfebb0f644..5e83dba2ed 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/_base.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/_base.py
index f016b4f1bd..0443f4571c 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/_base.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/_base.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/account.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/account.py
index 411fb57c47..3aad15132d 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/account.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/account.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2017 Vector Creations Ltd
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/account_data.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/account_data.py
index 3f28c0bc3e..7517e9304e 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/account_data.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/account_data.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/account_validity.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/account_validity.py
index bd7f9ae203..0ad07fb895 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/account_validity.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/account_validity.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/auth.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/auth.py
index 75ece1c911..6ea1b50a62 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/auth.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/auth.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/capabilities.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/capabilities.py
index 44ccf10ed4..6a24021484 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/capabilities.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/capabilities.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 New Vector
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/devices.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/devices.py
index 3d07aadd39..9af05f9b11 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/devices.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/devices.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/filter.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/filter.py
index 7cc692643b..411667a9c8 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/filter.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/filter.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/groups.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/groups.py
index 08fb6b2b06..6285680c00 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/groups.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/groups.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2017 Vector Creations Ltd
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/keys.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/keys.py
index f092e5b3a2..a57ccbb5e5 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/keys.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/keys.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/notifications.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/notifications.py
index 87063ec8b1..0ede643c2d 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/notifications.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/notifications.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/openid.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/openid.py
index 5b996e2d63..d3322acc38 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/openid.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/openid.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/password_policy.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/password_policy.py
index 68b27ff23a..a83927aee6 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/password_policy.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/password_policy.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/read_marker.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/read_marker.py
index 55c6688f52..5988fa47e5 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/read_marker.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/read_marker.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2017 Vector Creations Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/receipts.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/receipts.py
index 6f7246a394..8cf4aebdbe 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/receipts.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/receipts.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/register.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/register.py
index 4a064849c1..b26aad7b34 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/register.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/register.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015 - 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2017 Vector Creations Ltd
 #
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/relations.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/relations.py
index fe765da23c..c7da6759db 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/relations.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/relations.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/report_event.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/report_event.py
index 215d619ca1..2c169abbf3 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/report_event.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/report_event.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/room_keys.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/room_keys.py
index 53de97923f..263596be86 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/room_keys.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/room_keys.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2017, 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/room_upgrade_rest_servlet.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/room_upgrade_rest_servlet.py
index 147920767f..6d1b083acb 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/room_upgrade_rest_servlet.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/room_upgrade_rest_servlet.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/sendtodevice.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/sendtodevice.py
index 79c1b526ee..f8dcee603c 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/sendtodevice.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/sendtodevice.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/shared_rooms.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/shared_rooms.py
index c866d5151c..d2e7f04b40 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/shared_rooms.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/shared_rooms.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 Half-Shot
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/sync.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/sync.py
index 3481770c83..95ee3f1b84 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/sync.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/sync.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/tags.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/tags.py
index a97cd66c52..c14f83be18 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/tags.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/tags.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/thirdparty.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/thirdparty.py
index 0c127a1b5f..b5c67c9bb6 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/thirdparty.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/thirdparty.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/tokenrefresh.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/tokenrefresh.py
index 79317c74ba..b2f858545c 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/tokenrefresh.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/tokenrefresh.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/user_directory.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/user_directory.py
index ad598cefe0..7e8912f0b9 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/user_directory.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/user_directory.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2017 Vector Creations Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/versions.py b/synapse/rest/client/versions.py
index 3e3d8839f4..4582c274c7 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/versions.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/versions.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2017 Vector Creations Ltd
 # Copyright 2018-2019 New Vector Ltd
diff --git a/synapse/rest/consent/consent_resource.py b/synapse/rest/consent/consent_resource.py
index 8b9ef26cf2..c4550d3cf0 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/consent/consent_resource.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/consent/consent_resource.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/rest/health.py b/synapse/rest/health.py
index 0170950bf3..4487b54abf 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/health.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/health.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/rest/key/__init__.py b/synapse/rest/key/__init__.py
index fe0ac3f8e9..629e2df74a 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/key/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/key/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/rest/key/v2/__init__.py b/synapse/rest/key/v2/__init__.py
index cb5abcf826..c6c63073ea 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/key/v2/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/key/v2/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/rest/key/v2/local_key_resource.py b/synapse/rest/key/v2/local_key_resource.py
index d8e8e48c1c..e8dbe240d8 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/key/v2/local_key_resource.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/key/v2/local_key_resource.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/rest/media/v1/__init__.py b/synapse/rest/media/v1/__init__.py
index 3b8c96e267..d20186bbd0 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/media/v1/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/media/v1/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/rest/media/v1/_base.py b/synapse/rest/media/v1/_base.py
index 6366947071..0fb4cd81f1 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/media/v1/_base.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/media/v1/_base.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2019-2021 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
diff --git a/synapse/rest/media/v1/config_resource.py b/synapse/rest/media/v1/config_resource.py
index c41a7ab412..b20c29f007 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/media/v1/config_resource.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/media/v1/config_resource.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 Will Hunt <will@half-shot.uk>
 # Copyright 2020-2021 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
diff --git a/synapse/rest/media/v1/download_resource.py b/synapse/rest/media/v1/download_resource.py
index 5dadaeaf57..cd2468f9c5 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/media/v1/download_resource.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/media/v1/download_resource.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2020-2021 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
diff --git a/synapse/rest/media/v1/filepath.py b/synapse/rest/media/v1/filepath.py
index 7792f26e78..4088e7a059 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/media/v1/filepath.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/media/v1/filepath.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2020-2021 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
diff --git a/synapse/rest/media/v1/media_repository.py b/synapse/rest/media/v1/media_repository.py
index 0c041b542d..87e3645ddc 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/media/v1/media_repository.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/media/v1/media_repository.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2018-2021 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
diff --git a/synapse/rest/media/v1/media_storage.py b/synapse/rest/media/v1/media_storage.py
index b1b1c9e6ec..c7fd97c46c 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/media/v1/media_storage.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/media/v1/media_storage.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018-2021 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/rest/media/v1/preview_url_resource.py b/synapse/rest/media/v1/preview_url_resource.py
index 814145a04a..0adfb1a70f 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/media/v1/preview_url_resource.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/media/v1/preview_url_resource.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2020-2021 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
diff --git a/synapse/rest/media/v1/storage_provider.py b/synapse/rest/media/v1/storage_provider.py
index 031947557d..0ff6ad3c0c 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/media/v1/storage_provider.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/media/v1/storage_provider.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018-2021 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/rest/media/v1/thumbnail_resource.py b/synapse/rest/media/v1/thumbnail_resource.py
index af802bc0b1..a029d426f0 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/media/v1/thumbnail_resource.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/media/v1/thumbnail_resource.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2020-2021 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
diff --git a/synapse/rest/media/v1/thumbnailer.py b/synapse/rest/media/v1/thumbnailer.py
index 988f52c78f..37fe582390 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/media/v1/thumbnailer.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/media/v1/thumbnailer.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2020-2021 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
diff --git a/synapse/rest/media/v1/upload_resource.py b/synapse/rest/media/v1/upload_resource.py
index 0138b2e2d1..80f017a4dd 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/media/v1/upload_resource.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/media/v1/upload_resource.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2020-2021 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
diff --git a/synapse/rest/synapse/__init__.py b/synapse/rest/synapse/__init__.py
index c0b733488b..6ef4fbe8f7 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/synapse/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/synapse/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/rest/synapse/client/__init__.py b/synapse/rest/synapse/client/__init__.py
index 9eeb970580..47a2f72b32 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/synapse/client/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/synapse/client/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2021 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/rest/synapse/client/new_user_consent.py b/synapse/rest/synapse/client/new_user_consent.py
index 78ee0b5e88..e5634f9679 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/synapse/client/new_user_consent.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/synapse/client/new_user_consent.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2021 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/rest/synapse/client/oidc/__init__.py b/synapse/rest/synapse/client/oidc/__init__.py
index 64c0deb75d..36ba401656 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/synapse/client/oidc/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/synapse/client/oidc/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 Quentin Gliech
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/rest/synapse/client/oidc/callback_resource.py b/synapse/rest/synapse/client/oidc/callback_resource.py
index 1af33f0a45..7785f17e90 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/synapse/client/oidc/callback_resource.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/synapse/client/oidc/callback_resource.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 Quentin Gliech
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/rest/synapse/client/password_reset.py b/synapse/rest/synapse/client/password_reset.py
index d26ce46efc..f2800bf2db 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/synapse/client/password_reset.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/synapse/client/password_reset.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/rest/synapse/client/pick_idp.py b/synapse/rest/synapse/client/pick_idp.py
index 9550b82998..d3a94a9349 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/synapse/client/pick_idp.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/synapse/client/pick_idp.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2021 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/rest/synapse/client/pick_username.py b/synapse/rest/synapse/client/pick_username.py
index d9ffe84489..9b002cc15e 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/synapse/client/pick_username.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/synapse/client/pick_username.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/rest/synapse/client/saml2/__init__.py b/synapse/rest/synapse/client/saml2/__init__.py
index 3e8235ee1e..781ccb237c 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/synapse/client/saml2/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/synapse/client/saml2/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/rest/synapse/client/saml2/metadata_resource.py b/synapse/rest/synapse/client/saml2/metadata_resource.py
index 1e8526e22e..b37c7083dc 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/synapse/client/saml2/metadata_resource.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/synapse/client/saml2/metadata_resource.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/rest/synapse/client/saml2/response_resource.py b/synapse/rest/synapse/client/saml2/response_resource.py
index 4dfadf1bfb..774ccd870f 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/synapse/client/saml2/response_resource.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/synapse/client/saml2/response_resource.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 #
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
diff --git a/synapse/rest/synapse/client/sso_register.py b/synapse/rest/synapse/client/sso_register.py
index f2acce2437..70cd148a76 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/synapse/client/sso_register.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/synapse/client/sso_register.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2021 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/rest/well_known.py b/synapse/rest/well_known.py
index f591cc6c5c..19ac3af337 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/well_known.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/well_known.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/secrets.py b/synapse/secrets.py
index 7939db75e7..bf829251fd 100644
--- a/synapse/secrets.py
+++ b/synapse/secrets.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/server.py b/synapse/server.py
index cfb55c230d..6c35ae6e50 100644
--- a/synapse/server.py
+++ b/synapse/server.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2017-2018 New Vector Ltd
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
diff --git a/synapse/server_notices/consent_server_notices.py b/synapse/server_notices/consent_server_notices.py
index a9349bf9a1..e65f6f88fe 100644
--- a/synapse/server_notices/consent_server_notices.py
+++ b/synapse/server_notices/consent_server_notices.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/server_notices/resource_limits_server_notices.py b/synapse/server_notices/resource_limits_server_notices.py
index a18a2e76c9..e4b0bc5c72 100644
--- a/synapse/server_notices/resource_limits_server_notices.py
+++ b/synapse/server_notices/resource_limits_server_notices.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/server_notices/server_notices_manager.py b/synapse/server_notices/server_notices_manager.py
index 144e1da78e..f19075b760 100644
--- a/synapse/server_notices/server_notices_manager.py
+++ b/synapse/server_notices/server_notices_manager.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/server_notices/server_notices_sender.py b/synapse/server_notices/server_notices_sender.py
index 965c645889..c875b15b32 100644
--- a/synapse/server_notices/server_notices_sender.py
+++ b/synapse/server_notices/server_notices_sender.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/server_notices/worker_server_notices_sender.py b/synapse/server_notices/worker_server_notices_sender.py
index c76bd57460..cc53318491 100644
--- a/synapse/server_notices/worker_server_notices_sender.py
+++ b/synapse/server_notices/worker_server_notices_sender.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/spam_checker_api/__init__.py b/synapse/spam_checker_api/__init__.py
index 3ce25bb012..73018f2d00 100644
--- a/synapse/spam_checker_api/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/spam_checker_api/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/state/__init__.py b/synapse/state/__init__.py
index c0f79ffdc8..c7ee731154 100644
--- a/synapse/state/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/state/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
diff --git a/synapse/state/v1.py b/synapse/state/v1.py
index ce255da6fd..318e998813 100644
--- a/synapse/state/v1.py
+++ b/synapse/state/v1.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/state/v2.py b/synapse/state/v2.py
index e73a548ee4..32671ddbde 100644
--- a/synapse/state/v2.py
+++ b/synapse/state/v2.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/storage/__init__.py b/synapse/storage/__init__.py
index 0b9007e51f..105e4e1fec 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2018,2019 New Vector Ltd
 #
diff --git a/synapse/storage/_base.py b/synapse/storage/_base.py
index 240905329f..56dd3a4861 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/_base.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/_base.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2017-2018 New Vector Ltd
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
diff --git a/synapse/storage/background_updates.py b/synapse/storage/background_updates.py
index ccb06aab39..142787fdfd 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/background_updates.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/background_updates.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/storage/database.py b/synapse/storage/database.py
index 77ef29ec71..9a6d2b21f9 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/database.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/database.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2017-2018 New Vector Ltd
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
diff --git a/synapse/storage/databases/__init__.py b/synapse/storage/databases/__init__.py
index 379c78bb83..20b755056b 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/databases/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/databases/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/storage/databases/main/__init__.py b/synapse/storage/databases/main/__init__.py
index b3d16ca7ac..5c50f5f950 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/databases/main/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/databases/main/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 # Copyright 2019-2021 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
diff --git a/synapse/storage/databases/main/account_data.py b/synapse/storage/databases/main/account_data.py
index a277a1ef13..1d02795f43 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/databases/main/account_data.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/databases/main/account_data.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
diff --git a/synapse/storage/databases/main/appservice.py b/synapse/storage/databases/main/appservice.py
index 85bb853d33..9f182c2a89 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/databases/main/appservice.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/databases/main/appservice.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
diff --git a/synapse/storage/databases/main/cache.py b/synapse/storage/databases/main/cache.py
index 1e7637a6f5..ecc1f935e2 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/databases/main/cache.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/databases/main/cache.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/storage/databases/main/censor_events.py b/synapse/storage/databases/main/censor_events.py
index 3e26d5ba87..f22c1f241b 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/databases/main/censor_events.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/databases/main/censor_events.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/storage/databases/main/client_ips.py b/synapse/storage/databases/main/client_ips.py
index ea3c15fd0e..d60010e942 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/databases/main/client_ips.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/databases/main/client_ips.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/storage/databases/main/deviceinbox.py b/synapse/storage/databases/main/deviceinbox.py
index 691080ce74..7c9d1f744e 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/databases/main/deviceinbox.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/databases/main/deviceinbox.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/storage/databases/main/devices.py b/synapse/storage/databases/main/devices.py
index 9bf8ba888f..b204875580 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/databases/main/devices.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/databases/main/devices.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
 # Copyright 2019,2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
diff --git a/synapse/storage/databases/main/directory.py b/synapse/storage/databases/main/directory.py
index 267b948397..86075bc55b 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/databases/main/directory.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/databases/main/directory.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/storage/databases/main/e2e_room_keys.py b/synapse/storage/databases/main/e2e_room_keys.py
index 12cecceec2..b15fb71e62 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/databases/main/e2e_room_keys.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/databases/main/e2e_room_keys.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2017 New Vector Ltd
 # Copyright 2019 Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
diff --git a/synapse/storage/databases/main/end_to_end_keys.py b/synapse/storage/databases/main/end_to_end_keys.py
index f1e7859d26..88afe97c41 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/databases/main/end_to_end_keys.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/databases/main/end_to_end_keys.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
 # Copyright 2019,2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
diff --git a/synapse/storage/databases/main/event_federation.py b/synapse/storage/databases/main/event_federation.py
index a956be491a..32ce70a396 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/databases/main/event_federation.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/databases/main/event_federation.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/storage/databases/main/event_push_actions.py b/synapse/storage/databases/main/event_push_actions.py
index 78245ad5bd..5845322118 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/databases/main/event_push_actions.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/databases/main/event_push_actions.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
diff --git a/synapse/storage/databases/main/events.py b/synapse/storage/databases/main/events.py
index ad17123915..bed4326d11 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/databases/main/events.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/databases/main/events.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2018-2019 New Vector Ltd
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
diff --git a/synapse/storage/databases/main/events_bg_updates.py b/synapse/storage/databases/main/events_bg_updates.py
index 79e7df6ca9..cbe4be1437 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/databases/main/events_bg_updates.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/databases/main/events_bg_updates.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/storage/databases/main/events_forward_extremities.py b/synapse/storage/databases/main/events_forward_extremities.py
index b3703ae161..6d2688d711 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/databases/main/events_forward_extremities.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/databases/main/events_forward_extremities.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2021 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/storage/databases/main/events_worker.py b/synapse/storage/databases/main/events_worker.py
index c00780969f..64d70785b8 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/databases/main/events_worker.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/databases/main/events_worker.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/storage/databases/main/filtering.py b/synapse/storage/databases/main/filtering.py
index d2f5b9a502..bb244a03c0 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/databases/main/filtering.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/databases/main/filtering.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/storage/databases/main/group_server.py b/synapse/storage/databases/main/group_server.py
index bd7826f4e9..66ad363bfb 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/databases/main/group_server.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/databases/main/group_server.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2017 Vector Creations Ltd
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
diff --git a/synapse/storage/databases/main/keys.py b/synapse/storage/databases/main/keys.py
index d504323b03..0e86807834 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/databases/main/keys.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/databases/main/keys.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd.
 #
diff --git a/synapse/storage/databases/main/media_repository.py b/synapse/storage/databases/main/media_repository.py
index b7820ac7ff..c584868188 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/databases/main/media_repository.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/databases/main/media_repository.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2020-2021 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
diff --git a/synapse/storage/databases/main/metrics.py b/synapse/storage/databases/main/metrics.py
index 614a418a15..c3f551d377 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/databases/main/metrics.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/databases/main/metrics.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/storage/databases/main/monthly_active_users.py b/synapse/storage/databases/main/monthly_active_users.py
index 757da3d55d..fe25638289 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/databases/main/monthly_active_users.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/databases/main/monthly_active_users.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/storage/databases/main/presence.py b/synapse/storage/databases/main/presence.py
index 0ff693a310..c207d917b1 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/databases/main/presence.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/databases/main/presence.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/storage/databases/main/profile.py b/synapse/storage/databases/main/profile.py
index ba01d3108a..9b4e95e134 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/databases/main/profile.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/databases/main/profile.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/storage/databases/main/purge_events.py b/synapse/storage/databases/main/purge_events.py
index 41f4fe7f95..8f83748b5e 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/databases/main/purge_events.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/databases/main/purge_events.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/storage/databases/main/push_rule.py b/synapse/storage/databases/main/push_rule.py
index 9e58dc0e6a..db52176337 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/databases/main/push_rule.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/databases/main/push_rule.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
diff --git a/synapse/storage/databases/main/pusher.py b/synapse/storage/databases/main/pusher.py
index c65558c280..b48fe086d4 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/databases/main/pusher.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/databases/main/pusher.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
diff --git a/synapse/storage/databases/main/receipts.py b/synapse/storage/databases/main/receipts.py
index 43c852c96c..3647276acb 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/databases/main/receipts.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/databases/main/receipts.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
diff --git a/synapse/storage/databases/main/registration.py b/synapse/storage/databases/main/registration.py
index 90a8f664ef..833214b7e0 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/databases/main/registration.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/databases/main/registration.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2017-2018 New Vector Ltd
 # Copyright 2019,2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
diff --git a/synapse/storage/databases/main/rejections.py b/synapse/storage/databases/main/rejections.py
index 1e361aaa9a..167318b314 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/databases/main/rejections.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/databases/main/rejections.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/storage/databases/main/relations.py b/synapse/storage/databases/main/relations.py
index 5cd61547f7..2bbf6d6a95 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/databases/main/relations.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/databases/main/relations.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/storage/databases/main/room.py b/synapse/storage/databases/main/room.py
index 47fb12f3f6..5f38634f48 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/databases/main/room.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/databases/main/room.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
diff --git a/synapse/storage/databases/main/roommember.py b/synapse/storage/databases/main/roommember.py
index a9216ca9ae..ef5587f87a 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/databases/main/roommember.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/databases/main/roommember.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
diff --git a/synapse/storage/databases/main/schema/delta/50/make_event_content_nullable.py b/synapse/storage/databases/main/schema/delta/50/make_event_content_nullable.py
index b1684a8441..acd6ad1e1f 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/databases/main/schema/delta/50/make_event_content_nullable.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/databases/main/schema/delta/50/make_event_content_nullable.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/storage/databases/main/schema/delta/57/local_current_membership.py b/synapse/storage/databases/main/schema/delta/57/local_current_membership.py
index 44917f0a2e..66989222e6 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/databases/main/schema/delta/57/local_current_membership.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/databases/main/schema/delta/57/local_current_membership.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/storage/databases/main/search.py b/synapse/storage/databases/main/search.py
index f5e7d9ef98..0276f30656 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/databases/main/search.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/databases/main/search.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/storage/databases/main/signatures.py b/synapse/storage/databases/main/signatures.py
index c8c67953e4..ab2159c2d3 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/databases/main/signatures.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/databases/main/signatures.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/storage/databases/main/state.py b/synapse/storage/databases/main/state.py
index 93431efe00..1757064a68 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/databases/main/state.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/databases/main/state.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
diff --git a/synapse/storage/databases/main/state_deltas.py b/synapse/storage/databases/main/state_deltas.py
index 0dbb501f16..bff7d0404f 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/databases/main/state_deltas.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/databases/main/state_deltas.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 Vector Creations Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/storage/databases/main/stats.py b/synapse/storage/databases/main/stats.py
index bce8946c21..ae9f880965 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/databases/main/stats.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/databases/main/stats.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018, 2019 New Vector Ltd
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
diff --git a/synapse/storage/databases/main/stream.py b/synapse/storage/databases/main/stream.py
index 91f8abb67d..db5ce4ea01 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/databases/main/stream.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/databases/main/stream.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2017 Vector Creations Ltd
 # Copyright 2018-2019 New Vector Ltd
diff --git a/synapse/storage/databases/main/tags.py b/synapse/storage/databases/main/tags.py
index 50067eabfc..1d62c6140f 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/databases/main/tags.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/databases/main/tags.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
diff --git a/synapse/storage/databases/main/transactions.py b/synapse/storage/databases/main/transactions.py
index b7072f1f5e..82335e7a9d 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/databases/main/transactions.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/databases/main/transactions.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/storage/databases/main/ui_auth.py b/synapse/storage/databases/main/ui_auth.py
index 5473ec1485..22c05cdde7 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/databases/main/ui_auth.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/databases/main/ui_auth.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/storage/databases/main/user_directory.py b/synapse/storage/databases/main/user_directory.py
index 1026f321e5..7a082fdd21 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/databases/main/user_directory.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/databases/main/user_directory.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2017 Vector Creations Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/storage/databases/main/user_erasure_store.py b/synapse/storage/databases/main/user_erasure_store.py
index f9575b1f1f..acf6b2fb64 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/databases/main/user_erasure_store.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/databases/main/user_erasure_store.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/storage/databases/state/__init__.py b/synapse/storage/databases/state/__init__.py
index c90d022899..e5100d6108 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/databases/state/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/databases/state/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/storage/databases/state/bg_updates.py b/synapse/storage/databases/state/bg_updates.py
index 75c09b3687..c2891cb07f 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/databases/state/bg_updates.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/databases/state/bg_updates.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/storage/databases/state/store.py b/synapse/storage/databases/state/store.py
index dfcf89d91c..e38461adbc 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/databases/state/store.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/databases/state/store.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/storage/engines/__init__.py b/synapse/storage/engines/__init__.py
index d15ccfacde..9abc02046e 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/engines/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/engines/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/storage/engines/_base.py b/synapse/storage/engines/_base.py
index 21db1645d3..1882bfd9cf 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/engines/_base.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/engines/_base.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/storage/engines/postgres.py b/synapse/storage/engines/postgres.py
index dba8cc51d3..21411c5fea 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/engines/postgres.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/engines/postgres.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/storage/engines/sqlite.py b/synapse/storage/engines/sqlite.py
index f4f16456f2..5fe1b205e1 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/engines/sqlite.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/engines/sqlite.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/storage/keys.py b/synapse/storage/keys.py
index c03871f393..540adb8781 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/keys.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/keys.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd.
 #
diff --git a/synapse/storage/persist_events.py b/synapse/storage/persist_events.py
index 3a0d6fb32e..87e040b014 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/persist_events.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/persist_events.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2018-2019 New Vector Ltd
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
diff --git a/synapse/storage/prepare_database.py b/synapse/storage/prepare_database.py
index c7f0b8ccb5..05a9355974 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/prepare_database.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/prepare_database.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014 - 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
diff --git a/synapse/storage/purge_events.py b/synapse/storage/purge_events.py
index ad954990a7..30669beb7c 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/purge_events.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/purge_events.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/storage/push_rule.py b/synapse/storage/push_rule.py
index f47cec0d86..2d5c21ef72 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/push_rule.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/push_rule.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
diff --git a/synapse/storage/relations.py b/synapse/storage/relations.py
index 2564f34b47..c552dbf04c 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/relations.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/relations.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/storage/roommember.py b/synapse/storage/roommember.py
index d2ff4da6b9..c34fbf21bc 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/roommember.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/roommember.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
diff --git a/synapse/storage/state.py b/synapse/storage/state.py
index c1c147c62a..cfafba22c5 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/state.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/state.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/storage/types.py b/synapse/storage/types.py
index 17291c9d5e..57f4883bf4 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/types.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/types.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/storage/util/__init__.py b/synapse/storage/util/__init__.py
index bfebb0f644..5e83dba2ed 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/util/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/util/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/storage/util/id_generators.py b/synapse/storage/util/id_generators.py
index 32d6cc16b9..b1bd3a52d9 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/util/id_generators.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/util/id_generators.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/storage/util/sequence.py b/synapse/storage/util/sequence.py
index 36a67e7019..30b6b8e0ca 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/util/sequence.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/util/sequence.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/streams/__init__.py b/synapse/streams/__init__.py
index bfebb0f644..5e83dba2ed 100644
--- a/synapse/streams/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/streams/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/streams/config.py b/synapse/streams/config.py
index fdda21d165..13d300588b 100644
--- a/synapse/streams/config.py
+++ b/synapse/streams/config.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/streams/events.py b/synapse/streams/events.py
index 92fd5d489f..20fceaa935 100644
--- a/synapse/streams/events.py
+++ b/synapse/streams/events.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/types.py b/synapse/types.py
index b08ce90140..21654ae686 100644
--- a/synapse/types.py
+++ b/synapse/types.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
diff --git a/synapse/util/__init__.py b/synapse/util/__init__.py
index 517686f0a6..0f84fa3f4e 100644
--- a/synapse/util/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/util/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/util/async_helpers.py b/synapse/util/async_helpers.py
index c3b2d981ea..5c55bb0125 100644
--- a/synapse/util/async_helpers.py
+++ b/synapse/util/async_helpers.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
diff --git a/synapse/util/caches/__init__.py b/synapse/util/caches/__init__.py
index 48f64eeb38..46af7fa473 100644
--- a/synapse/util/caches/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/util/caches/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2019, 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
diff --git a/synapse/util/caches/cached_call.py b/synapse/util/caches/cached_call.py
index 3ee0f2317a..a301c9e89b 100644
--- a/synapse/util/caches/cached_call.py
+++ b/synapse/util/caches/cached_call.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2021 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/util/caches/deferred_cache.py b/synapse/util/caches/deferred_cache.py
index dd392cf694..484097a48a 100644
--- a/synapse/util/caches/deferred_cache.py
+++ b/synapse/util/caches/deferred_cache.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
diff --git a/synapse/util/caches/descriptors.py b/synapse/util/caches/descriptors.py
index 4e84379914..ac4a078b26 100644
--- a/synapse/util/caches/descriptors.py
+++ b/synapse/util/caches/descriptors.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
diff --git a/synapse/util/caches/dictionary_cache.py b/synapse/util/caches/dictionary_cache.py
index b3b413b02c..56d94d96ce 100644
--- a/synapse/util/caches/dictionary_cache.py
+++ b/synapse/util/caches/dictionary_cache.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/util/caches/expiringcache.py b/synapse/util/caches/expiringcache.py
index 4dc3477e89..ac47a31cd7 100644
--- a/synapse/util/caches/expiringcache.py
+++ b/synapse/util/caches/expiringcache.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/util/caches/lrucache.py b/synapse/util/caches/lrucache.py
index 20c8e2d9f5..a21d34fcb4 100644
--- a/synapse/util/caches/lrucache.py
+++ b/synapse/util/caches/lrucache.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/util/caches/response_cache.py b/synapse/util/caches/response_cache.py
index 46ea8e0964..2529845c9e 100644
--- a/synapse/util/caches/response_cache.py
+++ b/synapse/util/caches/response_cache.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/util/caches/stream_change_cache.py b/synapse/util/caches/stream_change_cache.py
index 644e9e778a..0469e7d120 100644
--- a/synapse/util/caches/stream_change_cache.py
+++ b/synapse/util/caches/stream_change_cache.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/util/caches/ttlcache.py b/synapse/util/caches/ttlcache.py
index 96a8274940..c276107d56 100644
--- a/synapse/util/caches/ttlcache.py
+++ b/synapse/util/caches/ttlcache.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/util/daemonize.py b/synapse/util/daemonize.py
index 23393cf49b..31b24dd188 100644
--- a/synapse/util/daemonize.py
+++ b/synapse/util/daemonize.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright (c) 2012, 2013, 2014 Ilya Otyutskiy <ilya.otyutskiy@icloud.com>
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
diff --git a/synapse/util/distributor.py b/synapse/util/distributor.py
index 3c47285d05..1f803aef6d 100644
--- a/synapse/util/distributor.py
+++ b/synapse/util/distributor.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/util/file_consumer.py b/synapse/util/file_consumer.py
index 68dc632491..e946189f9a 100644
--- a/synapse/util/file_consumer.py
+++ b/synapse/util/file_consumer.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/util/frozenutils.py b/synapse/util/frozenutils.py
index 5ca2e71e60..2ac7c2913c 100644
--- a/synapse/util/frozenutils.py
+++ b/synapse/util/frozenutils.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/util/hash.py b/synapse/util/hash.py
index 359168704e..ba676e1762 100644
--- a/synapse/util/hash.py
+++ b/synapse/util/hash.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/util/iterutils.py b/synapse/util/iterutils.py
index 98707c119d..6f73b1d56d 100644
--- a/synapse/util/iterutils.py
+++ b/synapse/util/iterutils.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
diff --git a/synapse/util/jsonobject.py b/synapse/util/jsonobject.py
index e3a8ed5b2f..abc12f0837 100644
--- a/synapse/util/jsonobject.py
+++ b/synapse/util/jsonobject.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/util/macaroons.py b/synapse/util/macaroons.py
index 12cdd53327..f6ebfd7e7d 100644
--- a/synapse/util/macaroons.py
+++ b/synapse/util/macaroons.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 Quentin Gliech
 # Copyright 2021 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
diff --git a/synapse/util/metrics.py b/synapse/util/metrics.py
index 1023c856d1..6ed7179e8c 100644
--- a/synapse/util/metrics.py
+++ b/synapse/util/metrics.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/util/module_loader.py b/synapse/util/module_loader.py
index d184e2a90c..8acbe276e4 100644
--- a/synapse/util/module_loader.py
+++ b/synapse/util/module_loader.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2017 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/util/msisdn.py b/synapse/util/msisdn.py
index c8bcbe297a..bbbdebf264 100644
--- a/synapse/util/msisdn.py
+++ b/synapse/util/msisdn.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2017 Vector Creations Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/util/patch_inline_callbacks.py b/synapse/util/patch_inline_callbacks.py
index d9f9ae99d6..eed0291cae 100644
--- a/synapse/util/patch_inline_callbacks.py
+++ b/synapse/util/patch_inline_callbacks.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/util/ratelimitutils.py b/synapse/util/ratelimitutils.py
index 70d11e1ec3..a654c69684 100644
--- a/synapse/util/ratelimitutils.py
+++ b/synapse/util/ratelimitutils.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/util/retryutils.py b/synapse/util/retryutils.py
index 4ab379e429..f9c370a814 100644
--- a/synapse/util/retryutils.py
+++ b/synapse/util/retryutils.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/util/rlimit.py b/synapse/util/rlimit.py
index 207cd17c2a..bf812ab516 100644
--- a/synapse/util/rlimit.py
+++ b/synapse/util/rlimit.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/util/stringutils.py b/synapse/util/stringutils.py
index 9ce7873ab5..c0e6fb9a60 100644
--- a/synapse/util/stringutils.py
+++ b/synapse/util/stringutils.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
diff --git a/synapse/util/templates.py b/synapse/util/templates.py
index 392dae4a40..38543dd1ea 100644
--- a/synapse/util/templates.py
+++ b/synapse/util/templates.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2021 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/util/threepids.py b/synapse/util/threepids.py
index 43c2e0ac23..281c5be4fb 100644
--- a/synapse/util/threepids.py
+++ b/synapse/util/threepids.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/util/versionstring.py b/synapse/util/versionstring.py
index ab7d03af3a..dfa30a6229 100644
--- a/synapse/util/versionstring.py
+++ b/synapse/util/versionstring.py
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/util/wheel_timer.py b/synapse/util/wheel_timer.py
index be3b22469d..61814aff24 100644
--- a/synapse/util/wheel_timer.py
+++ b/synapse/util/wheel_timer.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synapse/visibility.py b/synapse/visibility.py
index ff53a49b3a..490fb26e81 100644
--- a/synapse/visibility.py
+++ b/synapse/visibility.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014 - 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synctl b/synctl
index 56c0e3940f..ccf404accb 100755
--- a/synctl
+++ b/synctl
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
diff --git a/synmark/__init__.py b/synmark/__init__.py
index 3d4ec3e184..2cc00b0f03 100644
--- a/synmark/__init__.py
+++ b/synmark/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synmark/__main__.py b/synmark/__main__.py
index f55968a5a4..35a59e347a 100644
--- a/synmark/__main__.py
+++ b/synmark/__main__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synmark/suites/logging.py b/synmark/suites/logging.py
index b3abc6b254..9419892e95 100644
--- a/synmark/suites/logging.py
+++ b/synmark/suites/logging.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synmark/suites/lrucache.py b/synmark/suites/lrucache.py
index 69ab042ccc..9b4a424149 100644
--- a/synmark/suites/lrucache.py
+++ b/synmark/suites/lrucache.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/synmark/suites/lrucache_evict.py b/synmark/suites/lrucache_evict.py
index 532b1cc702..0ee202ed36 100644
--- a/synmark/suites/lrucache_evict.py
+++ b/synmark/suites/lrucache_evict.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/__init__.py b/tests/__init__.py
index ed805db1c2..5fced5cc4c 100644
--- a/tests/__init__.py
+++ b/tests/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
diff --git a/tests/api/test_auth.py b/tests/api/test_auth.py
index 28d77f0ca2..c0ed64f784 100644
--- a/tests/api/test_auth.py
+++ b/tests/api/test_auth.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015 - 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/api/test_filtering.py b/tests/api/test_filtering.py
index ab7d290724..f44c91a373 100644
--- a/tests/api/test_filtering.py
+++ b/tests/api/test_filtering.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2017 Vector Creations Ltd
 # Copyright 2018-2019 New Vector Ltd
diff --git a/tests/app/test_frontend_proxy.py b/tests/app/test_frontend_proxy.py
index e0ca288829..3d45da38ab 100644
--- a/tests/app/test_frontend_proxy.py
+++ b/tests/app/test_frontend_proxy.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/app/test_openid_listener.py b/tests/app/test_openid_listener.py
index 33a37fe35e..276f09015e 100644
--- a/tests/app/test_openid_listener.py
+++ b/tests/app/test_openid_listener.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/appservice/__init__.py b/tests/appservice/__init__.py
index fe0ac3f8e9..629e2df74a 100644
--- a/tests/appservice/__init__.py
+++ b/tests/appservice/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/appservice/test_appservice.py b/tests/appservice/test_appservice.py
index 03a7440eec..f386b5e128 100644
--- a/tests/appservice/test_appservice.py
+++ b/tests/appservice/test_appservice.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/appservice/test_scheduler.py b/tests/appservice/test_scheduler.py
index 3c27d797fb..a2b5ed2030 100644
--- a/tests/appservice/test_scheduler.py
+++ b/tests/appservice/test_scheduler.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/config/__init__.py b/tests/config/__init__.py
index b7df13c9ee..f43a360a80 100644
--- a/tests/config/__init__.py
+++ b/tests/config/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/config/test_base.py b/tests/config/test_base.py
index 42ee5f56d9..84ae3b88ae 100644
--- a/tests/config/test_base.py
+++ b/tests/config/test_base.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/config/test_cache.py b/tests/config/test_cache.py
index 2b7f09c14b..857d9cd096 100644
--- a/tests/config/test_cache.py
+++ b/tests/config/test_cache.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/config/test_database.py b/tests/config/test_database.py
index f675bde68e..9eca10bbe9 100644
--- a/tests/config/test_database.py
+++ b/tests/config/test_database.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/config/test_generate.py b/tests/config/test_generate.py
index 463855ecc8..fdfbb0e38e 100644
--- a/tests/config/test_generate.py
+++ b/tests/config/test_generate.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/config/test_load.py b/tests/config/test_load.py
index c109425671..ebe2c05165 100644
--- a/tests/config/test_load.py
+++ b/tests/config/test_load.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/config/test_ratelimiting.py b/tests/config/test_ratelimiting.py
index 13ab282384..3c7bb32e07 100644
--- a/tests/config/test_ratelimiting.py
+++ b/tests/config/test_ratelimiting.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/config/test_room_directory.py b/tests/config/test_room_directory.py
index 0ec10019b3..db745815ef 100644
--- a/tests/config/test_room_directory.py
+++ b/tests/config/test_room_directory.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/config/test_server.py b/tests/config/test_server.py
index 98af7aa675..6f2b9e997d 100644
--- a/tests/config/test_server.py
+++ b/tests/config/test_server.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/config/test_tls.py b/tests/config/test_tls.py
index ec32d4b1ca..183034f7d4 100644
--- a/tests/config/test_tls.py
+++ b/tests/config/test_tls.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
 # Copyright 2019 Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
diff --git a/tests/config/test_util.py b/tests/config/test_util.py
index 10363e3765..3d4929daac 100644
--- a/tests/config/test_util.py
+++ b/tests/config/test_util.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2021 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/crypto/__init__.py b/tests/crypto/__init__.py
index bfebb0f644..5e83dba2ed 100644
--- a/tests/crypto/__init__.py
+++ b/tests/crypto/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/crypto/test_event_signing.py b/tests/crypto/test_event_signing.py
index 62f639a18d..1c920157f5 100644
--- a/tests/crypto/test_event_signing.py
+++ b/tests/crypto/test_event_signing.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/crypto/test_keyring.py b/tests/crypto/test_keyring.py
index a56063315b..2775dfd880 100644
--- a/tests/crypto/test_keyring.py
+++ b/tests/crypto/test_keyring.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2017 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/events/test_presence_router.py b/tests/events/test_presence_router.py
index c996ecc221..01d257307c 100644
--- a/tests/events/test_presence_router.py
+++ b/tests/events/test_presence_router.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2021 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the 'License');
diff --git a/tests/events/test_snapshot.py b/tests/events/test_snapshot.py
index ec85324c0c..48e98aac79 100644
--- a/tests/events/test_snapshot.py
+++ b/tests/events/test_snapshot.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/events/test_utils.py b/tests/events/test_utils.py
index 8ba36c6074..9274ce4c39 100644
--- a/tests/events/test_utils.py
+++ b/tests/events/test_utils.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the 'License');
diff --git a/tests/federation/test_complexity.py b/tests/federation/test_complexity.py
index 701fa8379f..1a809b2a6a 100644
--- a/tests/federation/test_complexity.py
+++ b/tests/federation/test_complexity.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 Matrix.org Foundation
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/federation/test_federation_sender.py b/tests/federation/test_federation_sender.py
index deb12433cf..b00dd143d6 100644
--- a/tests/federation/test_federation_sender.py
+++ b/tests/federation/test_federation_sender.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/federation/test_federation_server.py b/tests/federation/test_federation_server.py
index cfeccc0577..8508b6bd3b 100644
--- a/tests/federation/test_federation_server.py
+++ b/tests/federation/test_federation_server.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 # Copyright 2019 Matrix.org Federation C.I.C
 #
diff --git a/tests/federation/transport/test_server.py b/tests/federation/transport/test_server.py
index 85500e169c..84fa72b9ff 100644
--- a/tests/federation/transport/test_server.py
+++ b/tests/federation/transport/test_server.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_admin.py b/tests/handlers/test_admin.py
index 32669ae9ce..18a734daf4 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_admin.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_admin.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_appservice.py b/tests/handlers/test_appservice.py
index 6e325b24ce..b037b12a0f 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_appservice.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_appservice.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_auth.py b/tests/handlers/test_auth.py
index 321c5ba045..fe7e9484fd 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_auth.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_auth.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_device.py b/tests/handlers/test_device.py
index 821629bc38..84c38b295d 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_device.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_device.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_directory.py b/tests/handlers/test_directory.py
index 6ae9d4f865..1908d3c2c6 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_directory.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_directory.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_e2e_keys.py b/tests/handlers/test_e2e_keys.py
index 6915ac0205..61a00130b8 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_e2e_keys.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_e2e_keys.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_e2e_room_keys.py b/tests/handlers/test_e2e_room_keys.py
index 07893302ec..9b7e7a8e9a 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_e2e_room_keys.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_e2e_room_keys.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2017 New Vector Ltd
 # Copyright 2019 Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_federation.py b/tests/handlers/test_federation.py
index 3af361195b..c7b0975a19 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_federation.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_federation.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_message.py b/tests/handlers/test_message.py
index a0d1ebdbe3..a8a9fc5b62 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_message.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_message.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_oidc.py b/tests/handlers/test_oidc.py
index 8702ee70e0..34d2fc1dfb 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_oidc.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_oidc.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 Quentin Gliech
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_password_providers.py b/tests/handlers/test_password_providers.py
index e28e4159eb..32651db096 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_password_providers.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_password_providers.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_presence.py b/tests/handlers/test_presence.py
index 9f16cc65fc..2d12e82897 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_presence.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_presence.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_profile.py b/tests/handlers/test_profile.py
index d8b1bcac8b..5330a9b34e 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_profile.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_profile.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_register.py b/tests/handlers/test_register.py
index 69279a5ce9..608f8f3d33 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_register.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_register.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_stats.py b/tests/handlers/test_stats.py
index 312c0a0d41..c9d4fd9336 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_stats.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_stats.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_sync.py b/tests/handlers/test_sync.py
index 8e950f25c5..c8b43305f4 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_sync.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_sync.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_typing.py b/tests/handlers/test_typing.py
index 9fa231a37a..0c89487eaf 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_typing.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_typing.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_user_directory.py b/tests/handlers/test_user_directory.py
index c68cb830af..daac37abd8 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_user_directory.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_user_directory.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/http/__init__.py b/tests/http/__init__.py
index 3e5a856584..e74f7f5b48 100644
--- a/tests/http/__init__.py
+++ b/tests/http/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/http/federation/__init__.py b/tests/http/federation/__init__.py
index 1453d04571..743fb9904a 100644
--- a/tests/http/federation/__init__.py
+++ b/tests/http/federation/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/http/federation/test_matrix_federation_agent.py b/tests/http/federation/test_matrix_federation_agent.py
index ae9d4504a8..e45980316b 100644
--- a/tests/http/federation/test_matrix_federation_agent.py
+++ b/tests/http/federation/test_matrix_federation_agent.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/http/federation/test_srv_resolver.py b/tests/http/federation/test_srv_resolver.py
index 466ce722d9..c49be33b9f 100644
--- a/tests/http/federation/test_srv_resolver.py
+++ b/tests/http/federation/test_srv_resolver.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
 #
diff --git a/tests/http/test_additional_resource.py b/tests/http/test_additional_resource.py
index 453391a5a5..768c2ba4ea 100644
--- a/tests/http/test_additional_resource.py
+++ b/tests/http/test_additional_resource.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/http/test_endpoint.py b/tests/http/test_endpoint.py
index d06ea518ce..1f9a2f9b1d 100644
--- a/tests/http/test_endpoint.py
+++ b/tests/http/test_endpoint.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/http/test_fedclient.py b/tests/http/test_fedclient.py
index 21c1297171..9e97185507 100644
--- a/tests/http/test_fedclient.py
+++ b/tests/http/test_fedclient.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/http/test_proxyagent.py b/tests/http/test_proxyagent.py
index 3ea8b5bec7..fefc8099c9 100644
--- a/tests/http/test_proxyagent.py
+++ b/tests/http/test_proxyagent.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/http/test_servlet.py b/tests/http/test_servlet.py
index f979c96f7c..a80bfb9f4e 100644
--- a/tests/http/test_servlet.py
+++ b/tests/http/test_servlet.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/http/test_simple_client.py b/tests/http/test_simple_client.py
index cc4cae320d..c85a3665c1 100644
--- a/tests/http/test_simple_client.py
+++ b/tests/http/test_simple_client.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/logging/__init__.py b/tests/logging/__init__.py
index a58d51441c..1acf5666a8 100644
--- a/tests/logging/__init__.py
+++ b/tests/logging/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/logging/test_remote_handler.py b/tests/logging/test_remote_handler.py
index 4bc27a1d7d..b0d046fe00 100644
--- a/tests/logging/test_remote_handler.py
+++ b/tests/logging/test_remote_handler.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/logging/test_terse_json.py b/tests/logging/test_terse_json.py
index 215fd8b0f9..6cddb95c30 100644
--- a/tests/logging/test_terse_json.py
+++ b/tests/logging/test_terse_json.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/module_api/test_api.py b/tests/module_api/test_api.py
index 349f93560e..742ad14b8c 100644
--- a/tests/module_api/test_api.py
+++ b/tests/module_api/test_api.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/push/test_email.py b/tests/push/test_email.py
index 941cf42429..e04bc5c9a6 100644
--- a/tests/push/test_email.py
+++ b/tests/push/test_email.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/push/test_http.py b/tests/push/test_http.py
index 4074ade87a..ffd75b1491 100644
--- a/tests/push/test_http.py
+++ b/tests/push/test_http.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/push/test_push_rule_evaluator.py b/tests/push/test_push_rule_evaluator.py
index 4a841f5bb8..45906ce720 100644
--- a/tests/push/test_push_rule_evaluator.py
+++ b/tests/push/test_push_rule_evaluator.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/replication/__init__.py b/tests/replication/__init__.py
index b7df13c9ee..f43a360a80 100644
--- a/tests/replication/__init__.py
+++ b/tests/replication/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/replication/_base.py b/tests/replication/_base.py
index aff19d9fb3..36138d69aa 100644
--- a/tests/replication/_base.py
+++ b/tests/replication/_base.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/replication/slave/__init__.py b/tests/replication/slave/__init__.py
index b7df13c9ee..f43a360a80 100644
--- a/tests/replication/slave/__init__.py
+++ b/tests/replication/slave/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/replication/slave/storage/__init__.py b/tests/replication/slave/storage/__init__.py
index b7df13c9ee..f43a360a80 100644
--- a/tests/replication/slave/storage/__init__.py
+++ b/tests/replication/slave/storage/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/replication/tcp/__init__.py b/tests/replication/tcp/__init__.py
index 1453d04571..743fb9904a 100644
--- a/tests/replication/tcp/__init__.py
+++ b/tests/replication/tcp/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/replication/tcp/streams/__init__.py b/tests/replication/tcp/streams/__init__.py
index 1453d04571..743fb9904a 100644
--- a/tests/replication/tcp/streams/__init__.py
+++ b/tests/replication/tcp/streams/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/replication/tcp/streams/test_account_data.py b/tests/replication/tcp/streams/test_account_data.py
index 153634d4ee..cdd052001b 100644
--- a/tests/replication/tcp/streams/test_account_data.py
+++ b/tests/replication/tcp/streams/test_account_data.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/replication/tcp/streams/test_events.py b/tests/replication/tcp/streams/test_events.py
index 77856fc304..323237c1bb 100644
--- a/tests/replication/tcp/streams/test_events.py
+++ b/tests/replication/tcp/streams/test_events.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/replication/tcp/streams/test_federation.py b/tests/replication/tcp/streams/test_federation.py
index aa4bf1c7e3..ffec06a0d6 100644
--- a/tests/replication/tcp/streams/test_federation.py
+++ b/tests/replication/tcp/streams/test_federation.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/replication/tcp/streams/test_receipts.py b/tests/replication/tcp/streams/test_receipts.py
index 7d848e41ff..7f5d932f0b 100644
--- a/tests/replication/tcp/streams/test_receipts.py
+++ b/tests/replication/tcp/streams/test_receipts.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/replication/tcp/streams/test_typing.py b/tests/replication/tcp/streams/test_typing.py
index 4a0b342264..ecd360c2d0 100644
--- a/tests/replication/tcp/streams/test_typing.py
+++ b/tests/replication/tcp/streams/test_typing.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/replication/tcp/test_commands.py b/tests/replication/tcp/test_commands.py
index 60c10a441a..cca7ebb719 100644
--- a/tests/replication/tcp/test_commands.py
+++ b/tests/replication/tcp/test_commands.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/replication/tcp/test_remote_server_up.py b/tests/replication/tcp/test_remote_server_up.py
index 1fe9d5b4d0..262c35cef3 100644
--- a/tests/replication/tcp/test_remote_server_up.py
+++ b/tests/replication/tcp/test_remote_server_up.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/replication/test_auth.py b/tests/replication/test_auth.py
index f8fd8a843c..1346e0e160 100644
--- a/tests/replication/test_auth.py
+++ b/tests/replication/test_auth.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/replication/test_client_reader_shard.py b/tests/replication/test_client_reader_shard.py
index 5da1d5dc4d..b9751efdc5 100644
--- a/tests/replication/test_client_reader_shard.py
+++ b/tests/replication/test_client_reader_shard.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/replication/test_federation_ack.py b/tests/replication/test_federation_ack.py
index 44ad5eec57..04a869e295 100644
--- a/tests/replication/test_federation_ack.py
+++ b/tests/replication/test_federation_ack.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/replication/test_federation_sender_shard.py b/tests/replication/test_federation_sender_shard.py
index 8ca595c3ee..48ab3aa4e3 100644
--- a/tests/replication/test_federation_sender_shard.py
+++ b/tests/replication/test_federation_sender_shard.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/replication/test_multi_media_repo.py b/tests/replication/test_multi_media_repo.py
index b0800f9840..76e6644353 100644
--- a/tests/replication/test_multi_media_repo.py
+++ b/tests/replication/test_multi_media_repo.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/replication/test_pusher_shard.py b/tests/replication/test_pusher_shard.py
index 1f12bde1aa..1e4e3821b9 100644
--- a/tests/replication/test_pusher_shard.py
+++ b/tests/replication/test_pusher_shard.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/replication/test_sharded_event_persister.py b/tests/replication/test_sharded_event_persister.py
index 6c2e1674cb..d739eb6b17 100644
--- a/tests/replication/test_sharded_event_persister.py
+++ b/tests/replication/test_sharded_event_persister.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/rest/__init__.py b/tests/rest/__init__.py
index fe0ac3f8e9..629e2df74a 100644
--- a/tests/rest/__init__.py
+++ b/tests/rest/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/rest/admin/__init__.py b/tests/rest/admin/__init__.py
index 1453d04571..743fb9904a 100644
--- a/tests/rest/admin/__init__.py
+++ b/tests/rest/admin/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/rest/admin/test_admin.py b/tests/rest/admin/test_admin.py
index 4abcbe3f55..2f7090e554 100644
--- a/tests/rest/admin/test_admin.py
+++ b/tests/rest/admin/test_admin.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/rest/admin/test_device.py b/tests/rest/admin/test_device.py
index 2a1bcf1760..ecbee30bb5 100644
--- a/tests/rest/admin/test_device.py
+++ b/tests/rest/admin/test_device.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 Dirk Klimpel
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/rest/admin/test_event_reports.py b/tests/rest/admin/test_event_reports.py
index e30ffe4fa0..8c66da3af4 100644
--- a/tests/rest/admin/test_event_reports.py
+++ b/tests/rest/admin/test_event_reports.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 Dirk Klimpel
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/rest/admin/test_media.py b/tests/rest/admin/test_media.py
index 31db472cd3..ac7b219700 100644
--- a/tests/rest/admin/test_media.py
+++ b/tests/rest/admin/test_media.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 Dirk Klimpel
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/rest/admin/test_room.py b/tests/rest/admin/test_room.py
index 85f77c0a65..6bcd997085 100644
--- a/tests/rest/admin/test_room.py
+++ b/tests/rest/admin/test_room.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 Dirk Klimpel
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/rest/admin/test_statistics.py b/tests/rest/admin/test_statistics.py
index 1f1d11f527..363bdeeb2d 100644
--- a/tests/rest/admin/test_statistics.py
+++ b/tests/rest/admin/test_statistics.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 Dirk Klimpel
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/rest/admin/test_user.py b/tests/rest/admin/test_user.py
index 5070c96984..2844c493fc 100644
--- a/tests/rest/admin/test_user.py
+++ b/tests/rest/admin/test_user.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/rest/client/__init__.py b/tests/rest/client/__init__.py
index fe0ac3f8e9..629e2df74a 100644
--- a/tests/rest/client/__init__.py
+++ b/tests/rest/client/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/rest/client/test_consent.py b/tests/rest/client/test_consent.py
index c74693e9b2..5cc62a910a 100644
--- a/tests/rest/client/test_consent.py
+++ b/tests/rest/client/test_consent.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/rest/client/test_ephemeral_message.py b/tests/rest/client/test_ephemeral_message.py
index 56937dcd2e..eec0fc01f9 100644
--- a/tests/rest/client/test_ephemeral_message.py
+++ b/tests/rest/client/test_ephemeral_message.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/rest/client/test_identity.py b/tests/rest/client/test_identity.py
index c0a9fc6925..478296ba0e 100644
--- a/tests/rest/client/test_identity.py
+++ b/tests/rest/client/test_identity.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/rest/client/test_power_levels.py b/tests/rest/client/test_power_levels.py
index 5256c11fe6..ba5ad47df5 100644
--- a/tests/rest/client/test_power_levels.py
+++ b/tests/rest/client/test_power_levels.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/rest/client/test_redactions.py b/tests/rest/client/test_redactions.py
index e0c74591b6..dfd85221d0 100644
--- a/tests/rest/client/test_redactions.py
+++ b/tests/rest/client/test_redactions.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/rest/client/test_retention.py b/tests/rest/client/test_retention.py
index f892a71228..e1a6e73e17 100644
--- a/tests/rest/client/test_retention.py
+++ b/tests/rest/client/test_retention.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/rest/client/test_third_party_rules.py b/tests/rest/client/test_third_party_rules.py
index a7ebe0c3e9..e1fe72fc5d 100644
--- a/tests/rest/client/test_third_party_rules.py
+++ b/tests/rest/client/test_third_party_rules.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the 'License');
diff --git a/tests/rest/client/v1/__init__.py b/tests/rest/client/v1/__init__.py
index bfebb0f644..5e83dba2ed 100644
--- a/tests/rest/client/v1/__init__.py
+++ b/tests/rest/client/v1/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/rest/client/v1/test_directory.py b/tests/rest/client/v1/test_directory.py
index edd1d184f8..8ed470490b 100644
--- a/tests/rest/client/v1/test_directory.py
+++ b/tests/rest/client/v1/test_directory.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/rest/client/v1/test_events.py b/tests/rest/client/v1/test_events.py
index 87a18d2cb9..852bda408c 100644
--- a/tests/rest/client/v1/test_events.py
+++ b/tests/rest/client/v1/test_events.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/rest/client/v1/test_login.py b/tests/rest/client/v1/test_login.py
index c7b79ab8a7..605b952316 100644
--- a/tests/rest/client/v1/test_login.py
+++ b/tests/rest/client/v1/test_login.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019-2021 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/rest/client/v1/test_presence.py b/tests/rest/client/v1/test_presence.py
index c136827f79..3a050659ca 100644
--- a/tests/rest/client/v1/test_presence.py
+++ b/tests/rest/client/v1/test_presence.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/rest/client/v1/test_profile.py b/tests/rest/client/v1/test_profile.py
index f3448c94dd..165ad33fb7 100644
--- a/tests/rest/client/v1/test_profile.py
+++ b/tests/rest/client/v1/test_profile.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/rest/client/v1/test_push_rule_attrs.py b/tests/rest/client/v1/test_push_rule_attrs.py
index 2bc512d75e..d077616082 100644
--- a/tests/rest/client/v1/test_push_rule_attrs.py
+++ b/tests/rest/client/v1/test_push_rule_attrs.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/rest/client/v1/test_rooms.py b/tests/rest/client/v1/test_rooms.py
index 4df20c90fd..92babf65e0 100644
--- a/tests/rest/client/v1/test_rooms.py
+++ b/tests/rest/client/v1/test_rooms.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2017 Vector Creations Ltd
 # Copyright 2018-2019 New Vector Ltd
diff --git a/tests/rest/client/v1/test_typing.py b/tests/rest/client/v1/test_typing.py
index 0b8f565121..0aad48a162 100644
--- a/tests/rest/client/v1/test_typing.py
+++ b/tests/rest/client/v1/test_typing.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector
 #
diff --git a/tests/rest/client/v1/utils.py b/tests/rest/client/v1/utils.py
index a6a292b20c..ed55a640af 100644
--- a/tests/rest/client/v1/utils.py
+++ b/tests/rest/client/v1/utils.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2017 Vector Creations Ltd
 # Copyright 2018-2019 New Vector Ltd
diff --git a/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_account.py b/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_account.py
index e72b61963d..4ef19145d1 100644
--- a/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_account.py
+++ b/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_account.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2017-2018 New Vector Ltd
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
diff --git a/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_auth.py b/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_auth.py
index ed433d9333..485e3650c3 100644
--- a/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_auth.py
+++ b/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_auth.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector
 # Copyright 2020-2021 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C
 #
diff --git a/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_capabilities.py b/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_capabilities.py
index 287a1a485c..874052c61c 100644
--- a/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_capabilities.py
+++ b/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_capabilities.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_filter.py b/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_filter.py
index f761c44936..c7e47725b7 100644
--- a/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_filter.py
+++ b/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_filter.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_password_policy.py b/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_password_policy.py
index 5ebc5707a5..6f07ff6cbb 100644
--- a/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_password_policy.py
+++ b/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_password_policy.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_register.py b/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_register.py
index cd60ea7081..054d4e4140 100644
--- a/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_register.py
+++ b/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_register.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2017-2018 New Vector Ltd
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
diff --git a/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_relations.py b/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_relations.py
index 21ee436b91..856aa8682f 100644
--- a/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_relations.py
+++ b/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_relations.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_shared_rooms.py b/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_shared_rooms.py
index dd83a1f8ff..cedb9614a8 100644
--- a/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_shared_rooms.py
+++ b/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_shared_rooms.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 Half-Shot
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_sync.py b/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_sync.py
index 2dbf42397a..dbcbdf159a 100644
--- a/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_sync.py
+++ b/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_sync.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018-2019 New Vector Ltd
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
diff --git a/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_upgrade_room.py b/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_upgrade_room.py
index d890d11863..5f3f15fc57 100644
--- a/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_upgrade_room.py
+++ b/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_upgrade_room.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2021 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/rest/key/v2/test_remote_key_resource.py b/tests/rest/key/v2/test_remote_key_resource.py
index eb8687ce68..3b275bc23b 100644
--- a/tests/rest/key/v2/test_remote_key_resource.py
+++ b/tests/rest/key/v2/test_remote_key_resource.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/rest/media/__init__.py b/tests/rest/media/__init__.py
index a354d38ca8..b1ee10cfcc 100644
--- a/tests/rest/media/__init__.py
+++ b/tests/rest/media/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/rest/media/v1/__init__.py b/tests/rest/media/v1/__init__.py
index a354d38ca8..b1ee10cfcc 100644
--- a/tests/rest/media/v1/__init__.py
+++ b/tests/rest/media/v1/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/rest/media/v1/test_base.py b/tests/rest/media/v1/test_base.py
index ebd7869208..f761e23f1b 100644
--- a/tests/rest/media/v1/test_base.py
+++ b/tests/rest/media/v1/test_base.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/rest/media/v1/test_media_storage.py b/tests/rest/media/v1/test_media_storage.py
index 375f0b7977..4a213d13dd 100644
--- a/tests/rest/media/v1/test_media_storage.py
+++ b/tests/rest/media/v1/test_media_storage.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/rest/media/v1/test_url_preview.py b/tests/rest/media/v1/test_url_preview.py
index 9067463e54..d3ef7bb4c6 100644
--- a/tests/rest/media/v1/test_url_preview.py
+++ b/tests/rest/media/v1/test_url_preview.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/rest/test_health.py b/tests/rest/test_health.py
index 32acd93dc1..01d48c3860 100644
--- a/tests/rest/test_health.py
+++ b/tests/rest/test_health.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/rest/test_well_known.py b/tests/rest/test_well_known.py
index 14de0921be..ac0e427752 100644
--- a/tests/rest/test_well_known.py
+++ b/tests/rest/test_well_known.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/scripts/test_new_matrix_user.py b/tests/scripts/test_new_matrix_user.py
index 885b95a51f..6f3c365c9a 100644
--- a/tests/scripts/test_new_matrix_user.py
+++ b/tests/scripts/test_new_matrix_user.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/server_notices/test_consent.py b/tests/server_notices/test_consent.py
index 4dd5a36178..ac98259b7e 100644
--- a/tests/server_notices/test_consent.py
+++ b/tests/server_notices/test_consent.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/server_notices/test_resource_limits_server_notices.py b/tests/server_notices/test_resource_limits_server_notices.py
index 450b4ec710..d46521ccdc 100644
--- a/tests/server_notices/test_resource_limits_server_notices.py
+++ b/tests/server_notices/test_resource_limits_server_notices.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018, 2019 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/state/test_v2.py b/tests/state/test_v2.py
index 66e3cafe8e..43fc79ca74 100644
--- a/tests/state/test_v2.py
+++ b/tests/state/test_v2.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/storage/test__base.py b/tests/storage/test__base.py
index 1ac4ebc61d..6339a43f0c 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test__base.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test__base.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
 #
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_account_data.py b/tests/storage/test_account_data.py
index 38444e48e2..01af49a16b 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_account_data.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_account_data.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2021 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_appservice.py b/tests/storage/test_appservice.py
index e755a4db62..666bffe257 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_appservice.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_appservice.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_base.py b/tests/storage/test_base.py
index 54e9e7f6fe..3b45a7efd8 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_base.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_base.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_cleanup_extrems.py b/tests/storage/test_cleanup_extrems.py
index b02fb32ced..aa20588bbe 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_cleanup_extrems.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_cleanup_extrems.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_client_ips.py b/tests/storage/test_client_ips.py
index f7f75320ba..e57fce9694 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_client_ips.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_client_ips.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_database.py b/tests/storage/test_database.py
index a906d30e73..6fbac0ab14 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_database.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_database.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_devices.py b/tests/storage/test_devices.py
index ef4cf8d0f1..6790aa5242 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_devices.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_devices.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016-2021 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_directory.py b/tests/storage/test_directory.py
index 0db233fd68..41bef62ca8 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_directory.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_directory.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2021 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_e2e_room_keys.py b/tests/storage/test_e2e_room_keys.py
index 3d7760d5d9..9b6b425425 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_e2e_room_keys.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_e2e_room_keys.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_end_to_end_keys.py b/tests/storage/test_end_to_end_keys.py
index 1e54b940fd..3bf6e337f4 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_end_to_end_keys.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_end_to_end_keys.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016-2021 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_event_chain.py b/tests/storage/test_event_chain.py
index 16daa66cc9..d87f124c26 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_event_chain.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_event_chain.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the 'License');
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_event_federation.py b/tests/storage/test_event_federation.py
index d597d712d6..a0e2259478 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_event_federation.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_event_federation.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the 'License');
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_event_metrics.py b/tests/storage/test_event_metrics.py
index 7691f2d790..397e68fe0a 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_event_metrics.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_event_metrics.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the 'License');
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_event_push_actions.py b/tests/storage/test_event_push_actions.py
index 0289942f88..1930b37eda 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_event_push_actions.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_event_push_actions.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016-2021 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_events.py b/tests/storage/test_events.py
index ed898b8dbb..617bc8091f 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_events.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_events.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_id_generators.py b/tests/storage/test_id_generators.py
index 6c389fe9ac..792b1c44c1 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_id_generators.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_id_generators.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_keys.py b/tests/storage/test_keys.py
index 95f309fbbc..a94b5fd721 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_keys.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_keys.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2017 Vector Creations Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_main.py b/tests/storage/test_main.py
index e9e3bca3bf..d2b7b89952 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_main.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_main.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 Awesome Technologies Innovationslabor GmbH
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_monthly_active_users.py b/tests/storage/test_monthly_active_users.py
index 47556791f4..944dbc34a2 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_monthly_active_users.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_monthly_active_users.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_profile.py b/tests/storage/test_profile.py
index d18ceb41a9..8a446da848 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_profile.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_profile.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2021 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_purge.py b/tests/storage/test_purge.py
index 41af8c4847..54c5b470c7 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_purge.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_purge.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_redaction.py b/tests/storage/test_redaction.py
index 2d2f58903c..bb31ab756d 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_redaction.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_redaction.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2021 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_registration.py b/tests/storage/test_registration.py
index c82cf15bc2..9748065282 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_registration.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_registration.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2021 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_room.py b/tests/storage/test_room.py
index 0089d33c93..70257bf210 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_room.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_room.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2021 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_roommember.py b/tests/storage/test_roommember.py
index d2aed66f6d..9fa968f6bb 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_roommember.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_roommember.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_state.py b/tests/storage/test_state.py
index f06b452fa9..8695264595 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_state.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_state.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018-2021 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_transactions.py b/tests/storage/test_transactions.py
index 8e817e2c7f..b7f7eae8d0 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_transactions.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_transactions.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_user_directory.py b/tests/storage/test_user_directory.py
index 019c5b7b14..222e5d129d 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_user_directory.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_user_directory.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018-2021 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/test_distributor.py b/tests/test_distributor.py
index 6a6cf709f6..f8341041ee 100644
--- a/tests/test_distributor.py
+++ b/tests/test_distributor.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
diff --git a/tests/test_event_auth.py b/tests/test_event_auth.py
index b5f18344dc..88888319cc 100644
--- a/tests/test_event_auth.py
+++ b/tests/test_event_auth.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/test_federation.py b/tests/test_federation.py
index 8928597d17..86a44a13da 100644
--- a/tests/test_federation.py
+++ b/tests/test_federation.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/test_mau.py b/tests/test_mau.py
index 7d92a16a8d..fa6ef92b3b 100644
--- a/tests/test_mau.py
+++ b/tests/test_mau.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/test_metrics.py b/tests/test_metrics.py
index f696fcf89e..b4574b2ffe 100644
--- a/tests/test_metrics.py
+++ b/tests/test_metrics.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 # Copyright 2019 Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
diff --git a/tests/test_phone_home.py b/tests/test_phone_home.py
index 0f800a075b..09707a74d7 100644
--- a/tests/test_phone_home.py
+++ b/tests/test_phone_home.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/test_preview.py b/tests/test_preview.py
index ea83299918..cac3d81ac1 100644
--- a/tests/test_preview.py
+++ b/tests/test_preview.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/test_state.py b/tests/test_state.py
index 0d626f49f6..62f7095873 100644
--- a/tests/test_state.py
+++ b/tests/test_state.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/test_test_utils.py b/tests/test_test_utils.py
index b921ac52c0..f2ef1c6051 100644
--- a/tests/test_test_utils.py
+++ b/tests/test_test_utils.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/test_types.py b/tests/test_types.py
index acdeea7a09..d7881021d3 100644
--- a/tests/test_types.py
+++ b/tests/test_types.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/test_utils/__init__.py b/tests/test_utils/__init__.py
index b557ffd692..be6302d170 100644
--- a/tests/test_utils/__init__.py
+++ b/tests/test_utils/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C
 #
diff --git a/tests/test_utils/event_injection.py b/tests/test_utils/event_injection.py
index 3dfbf8f8a9..e9ec9e085b 100644
--- a/tests/test_utils/event_injection.py
+++ b/tests/test_utils/event_injection.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C
 #
diff --git a/tests/test_utils/html_parsers.py b/tests/test_utils/html_parsers.py
index ad563eb3f0..1fbb38f4be 100644
--- a/tests/test_utils/html_parsers.py
+++ b/tests/test_utils/html_parsers.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2021 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/test_utils/logging_setup.py b/tests/test_utils/logging_setup.py
index 74568b34f8..51a197a8c6 100644
--- a/tests/test_utils/logging_setup.py
+++ b/tests/test_utils/logging_setup.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/test_visibility.py b/tests/test_visibility.py
index e502ac197e..94b19788d7 100644
--- a/tests/test_visibility.py
+++ b/tests/test_visibility.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/unittest.py b/tests/unittest.py
index 92764434bd..d890ad981f 100644
--- a/tests/unittest.py
+++ b/tests/unittest.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector
 # Copyright 2019 Matrix.org Federation C.I.C
diff --git a/tests/util/__init__.py b/tests/util/__init__.py
index bfebb0f644..5e83dba2ed 100644
--- a/tests/util/__init__.py
+++ b/tests/util/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/util/caches/__init__.py b/tests/util/caches/__init__.py
index 451dae3b6c..830e2dfe91 100644
--- a/tests/util/caches/__init__.py
+++ b/tests/util/caches/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2017 Vector Creations Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/util/caches/test_cached_call.py b/tests/util/caches/test_cached_call.py
index f349b5ced0..80b97167ba 100644
--- a/tests/util/caches/test_cached_call.py
+++ b/tests/util/caches/test_cached_call.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2021 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/util/caches/test_deferred_cache.py b/tests/util/caches/test_deferred_cache.py
index c24c33ee91..54a88a8325 100644
--- a/tests/util/caches/test_deferred_cache.py
+++ b/tests/util/caches/test_deferred_cache.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/util/caches/test_descriptors.py b/tests/util/caches/test_descriptors.py
index 2d1f9360e0..40cd98e2d8 100644
--- a/tests/util/caches/test_descriptors.py
+++ b/tests/util/caches/test_descriptors.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
diff --git a/tests/util/caches/test_ttlcache.py b/tests/util/caches/test_ttlcache.py
index 23018081e5..fe8314057d 100644
--- a/tests/util/caches/test_ttlcache.py
+++ b/tests/util/caches/test_ttlcache.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/util/test_async_utils.py b/tests/util/test_async_utils.py
index 17fd86d02d..069f875962 100644
--- a/tests/util/test_async_utils.py
+++ b/tests/util/test_async_utils.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/util/test_dict_cache.py b/tests/util/test_dict_cache.py
index 2f41333f4c..bee66dee43 100644
--- a/tests/util/test_dict_cache.py
+++ b/tests/util/test_dict_cache.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/util/test_expiring_cache.py b/tests/util/test_expiring_cache.py
index 49ffeebd0e..e6e13ba06c 100644
--- a/tests/util/test_expiring_cache.py
+++ b/tests/util/test_expiring_cache.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2017 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/util/test_file_consumer.py b/tests/util/test_file_consumer.py
index d1372f6bc2..3bb4695405 100644
--- a/tests/util/test_file_consumer.py
+++ b/tests/util/test_file_consumer.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/util/test_itertools.py b/tests/util/test_itertools.py
index e931a7ec18..1bd0b45d94 100644
--- a/tests/util/test_itertools.py
+++ b/tests/util/test_itertools.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/util/test_linearizer.py b/tests/util/test_linearizer.py
index 0e52811948..c4a3917b23 100644
--- a/tests/util/test_linearizer.py
+++ b/tests/util/test_linearizer.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
diff --git a/tests/util/test_logformatter.py b/tests/util/test_logformatter.py
index 0fb60caacb..a2e08281e6 100644
--- a/tests/util/test_logformatter.py
+++ b/tests/util/test_logformatter.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/util/test_lrucache.py b/tests/util/test_lrucache.py
index ce4f1cc30a..df3e27779f 100644
--- a/tests/util/test_lrucache.py
+++ b/tests/util/test_lrucache.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/util/test_ratelimitutils.py b/tests/util/test_ratelimitutils.py
index 3fed55090a..34aaffe859 100644
--- a/tests/util/test_ratelimitutils.py
+++ b/tests/util/test_ratelimitutils.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/util/test_retryutils.py b/tests/util/test_retryutils.py
index 5f46ed0cef..9b2be83a43 100644
--- a/tests/util/test_retryutils.py
+++ b/tests/util/test_retryutils.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/util/test_rwlock.py b/tests/util/test_rwlock.py
index d3dea3b52a..a10071c70f 100644
--- a/tests/util/test_rwlock.py
+++ b/tests/util/test_rwlock.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/util/test_stringutils.py b/tests/util/test_stringutils.py
index 8491f7cc83..f7fecd9cf3 100644
--- a/tests/util/test_stringutils.py
+++ b/tests/util/test_stringutils.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/util/test_threepids.py b/tests/util/test_threepids.py
index 5513724d87..d957b953bb 100644
--- a/tests/util/test_threepids.py
+++ b/tests/util/test_threepids.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2020 Dirk Klimpel
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/util/test_treecache.py b/tests/util/test_treecache.py
index a5f2261208..3b077af27e 100644
--- a/tests/util/test_treecache.py
+++ b/tests/util/test_treecache.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/util/test_wheel_timer.py b/tests/util/test_wheel_timer.py
index 03201a4d9b..0d5039de04 100644
--- a/tests/util/test_wheel_timer.py
+++ b/tests/util/test_wheel_timer.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/tests/utils.py b/tests/utils.py
index c78d3e5ba7..af6b32fc66 100644
--- a/tests/utils.py
+++ b/tests/utils.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2018-2019 New Vector Ltd
 #