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authorerikjohnston <erikjohnston@users.noreply.github.com>2021-09-28 12:42:49 +0000
committererikjohnston <erikjohnston@users.noreply.github.com>2021-09-28 12:42:49 +0000
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+                        <h1 id="structured-logging"><a class="header" href="#structured-logging">Structured Logging</a></h1>
+<p>A structured logging system can be useful when your logs are destined for a
+machine to parse and process. By maintaining its machine-readable characteristics,
+it enables more efficient searching and aggregations when consumed by software
+such as the &quot;ELK stack&quot;.</p>
+<p>Synapse's structured logging system is configured via the file that Synapse's
+<code>log_config</code> config option points to. The file should include a formatter which
+uses the <code>synapse.logging.TerseJsonFormatter</code> class included with Synapse and a
+handler which uses the above formatter.</p>
+<p>There is also a <code>synapse.logging.JsonFormatter</code> option which does not include
+a timestamp in the resulting JSON. This is useful if the log ingester adds its
+own timestamp.</p>
+<p>A structured logging configuration looks similar to the following:</p>
+<pre><code class="language-yaml">version: 1
+
+formatters:
+    structured:
+        class: synapse.logging.TerseJsonFormatter
+
+handlers:
+    file:
+        class: logging.handlers.TimedRotatingFileHandler
+        formatter: structured
+        filename: /path/to/my/logs/homeserver.log
+        when: midnight
+        backupCount: 3  # Does not include the current log file.
+        encoding: utf8
+
+loggers:
+    synapse:
+        level: INFO
+        handlers: [remote]
+    synapse.storage.SQL:
+        level: WARNING
+</code></pre>
+<p>The above logging config will set Synapse as 'INFO' logging level by default,
+with the SQL layer at 'WARNING', and will log to a file, stored as JSON.</p>
+<p>It is also possible to figure Synapse to log to a remote endpoint by using the
+<code>synapse.logging.RemoteHandler</code> class included with Synapse. It takes the
+following arguments:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><code>host</code>: Hostname or IP address of the log aggregator.</li>
+<li><code>port</code>: Numerical port to contact on the host.</li>
+<li><code>maximum_buffer</code>: (Optional, defaults to 1000) The maximum buffer size to allow.</li>
+</ul>
+<p>A remote structured logging configuration looks similar to the following:</p>
+<pre><code class="language-yaml">version: 1
+
+formatters:
+    structured:
+        class: synapse.logging.TerseJsonFormatter
+
+handlers:
+    remote:
+        class: synapse.logging.RemoteHandler
+        formatter: structured
+        host: 10.1.2.3
+        port: 9999
+
+loggers:
+    synapse:
+        level: INFO
+        handlers: [remote]
+    synapse.storage.SQL:
+        level: WARNING
+</code></pre>
+<p>The above logging config will set Synapse as 'INFO' logging level by default,
+with the SQL layer at 'WARNING', and will log JSON formatted messages to a
+remote endpoint at 10.1.2.3:9999.</p>
+<h2 id="upgrading-from-legacy-structured-logging-configuration"><a class="header" href="#upgrading-from-legacy-structured-logging-configuration">Upgrading from legacy structured logging configuration</a></h2>
+<p>Versions of Synapse prior to v1.23.0 included a custom structured logging
+configuration which is deprecated. It used a <code>structured: true</code> flag and
+configured <code>drains</code> instead of <code>handlers</code> and <code>formatters</code>.</p>
+<p>Synapse currently automatically converts the old configuration to the new
+configuration, but this will be removed in a future version of Synapse. The
+following reference can be used to update your configuration. Based on the drain
+<code>type</code>, we can pick a new handler:</p>
+<ol>
+<li>For a type of <code>console</code>, <code>console_json</code>, or <code>console_json_terse</code>: a handler
+with a class of <code>logging.StreamHandler</code> and a <code>stream</code> of <code>ext://sys.stdout</code>
+or <code>ext://sys.stderr</code> should be used.</li>
+<li>For a type of <code>file</code> or <code>file_json</code>: a handler of <code>logging.FileHandler</code> with
+a location of the file path should be used.</li>
+<li>For a type of <code>network_json_terse</code>: a handler of <code>synapse.logging.RemoteHandler</code>
+with the host and port should be used.</li>
+</ol>
+<p>Then based on the drain <code>type</code> we can pick a new formatter:</p>
+<ol>
+<li>For a type of <code>console</code> or <code>file</code> no formatter is necessary.</li>
+<li>For a type of <code>console_json</code> or <code>file_json</code>: a formatter of
+<code>synapse.logging.JsonFormatter</code> should be used.</li>
+<li>For a type of <code>console_json_terse</code> or <code>network_json_terse</code>: a formatter of
+<code>synapse.logging.TerseJsonFormatter</code> should be used.</li>
+</ol>
+<p>For each new handler and formatter they should be added to the logging configuration
+and then assigned to either a logger or the root logger.</p>
+<p>An example legacy configuration:</p>
+<pre><code class="language-yaml">structured: true
+
+loggers:
+    synapse:
+        level: INFO
+    synapse.storage.SQL:
+        level: WARNING
+
+drains:
+    console:
+        type: console
+        location: stdout
+    file:
+        type: file_json
+        location: homeserver.log
+</code></pre>
+<p>Would be converted into a new configuration:</p>
+<pre><code class="language-yaml">version: 1
+
+formatters:
+    json:
+        class: synapse.logging.JsonFormatter
+
+handlers:
+    console:
+        class: logging.StreamHandler
+        location: ext://sys.stdout
+    file:
+        class: logging.FileHandler
+        formatter: json
+        filename: homeserver.log
+
+loggers:
+    synapse:
+        level: INFO
+        handlers: [console, file]
+    synapse.storage.SQL:
+        level: WARNING
+</code></pre>
+<p>The new logging configuration is a bit more verbose, but significantly more
+flexible. It allows for configuration that were not previously possible, such as
+sending plain logs over the network, or using different handlers for different
+modules.</p>
+
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