diff --git a/tests/rest/media/test_media_retention.py b/tests/rest/media/test_media_retention.py
new file mode 100644
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+++ b/tests/rest/media/test_media_retention.py
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+# Copyright 2022 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+import io
+from typing import Iterable, Optional, Tuple
+
+from twisted.test.proto_helpers import MemoryReactor
+
+from synapse.rest import admin
+from synapse.rest.client import login, register, room
+from synapse.server import HomeServer
+from synapse.types import UserID
+from synapse.util import Clock
+
+from tests import unittest
+from tests.unittest import override_config
+from tests.utils import MockClock
+
+
+class MediaRetentionTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
+
+ ONE_DAY_IN_MS = 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000
+ THIRTY_DAYS_IN_MS = 30 * ONE_DAY_IN_MS
+
+ servlets = [
+ room.register_servlets,
+ login.register_servlets,
+ register.register_servlets,
+ admin.register_servlets_for_client_rest_resource,
+ ]
+
+ def make_homeserver(self, reactor: MemoryReactor, clock: Clock) -> HomeServer:
+ # We need to be able to test advancing time in the homeserver, so we
+ # replace the test homeserver's default clock with a MockClock, which
+ # supports advancing time.
+ return self.setup_test_homeserver(clock=MockClock())
+
+ def prepare(self, reactor: MemoryReactor, clock: Clock, hs: HomeServer) -> None:
+ self.remote_server_name = "remote.homeserver"
+ self.store = hs.get_datastores().main
+
+ # Create a user to upload media with
+ test_user_id = self.register_user("alice", "password")
+
+ # Inject media (3 images each; recently accessed, old access, never accessed)
+ # into both the local store and the remote cache
+ media_repository = hs.get_media_repository()
+ test_media_content = b"example string"
+
+ def _create_media_and_set_last_accessed(
+ last_accessed_ms: Optional[int],
+ ) -> str:
+ # "Upload" some media to the local media store
+ mxc_uri = self.get_success(
+ media_repository.create_content(
+ media_type="text/plain",
+ upload_name=None,
+ content=io.BytesIO(test_media_content),
+ content_length=len(test_media_content),
+ auth_user=UserID.from_string(test_user_id),
+ )
+ )
+
+ media_id = mxc_uri.split("/")[-1]
+
+ # Set the last recently accessed time for this media
+ if last_accessed_ms is not None:
+ self.get_success(
+ self.store.update_cached_last_access_time(
+ local_media=(media_id,),
+ remote_media=(),
+ time_ms=last_accessed_ms,
+ )
+ )
+
+ return media_id
+
+ def _cache_remote_media_and_set_last_accessed(
+ media_id: str, last_accessed_ms: Optional[int]
+ ) -> str:
+ # Pretend to cache some remote media
+ self.get_success(
+ self.store.store_cached_remote_media(
+ origin=self.remote_server_name,
+ media_id=media_id,
+ media_type="text/plain",
+ media_length=1,
+ time_now_ms=clock.time_msec(),
+ upload_name="testfile.txt",
+ filesystem_id="abcdefg12345",
+ )
+ )
+
+ # Set the last recently accessed time for this media
+ if last_accessed_ms is not None:
+ self.get_success(
+ hs.get_datastores().main.update_cached_last_access_time(
+ local_media=(),
+ remote_media=((self.remote_server_name, media_id),),
+ time_ms=last_accessed_ms,
+ )
+ )
+
+ return media_id
+
+ # Start with the local media store
+ self.local_recently_accessed_media = _create_media_and_set_last_accessed(
+ self.THIRTY_DAYS_IN_MS
+ )
+ self.local_not_recently_accessed_media = _create_media_and_set_last_accessed(
+ self.ONE_DAY_IN_MS
+ )
+ self.local_never_accessed_media = _create_media_and_set_last_accessed(None)
+
+ # And now the remote media store
+ self.remote_recently_accessed_media = _cache_remote_media_and_set_last_accessed(
+ "a", self.THIRTY_DAYS_IN_MS
+ )
+ self.remote_not_recently_accessed_media = (
+ _cache_remote_media_and_set_last_accessed("b", self.ONE_DAY_IN_MS)
+ )
+ # Remote media will always have a "last accessed" attribute, as it would not
+ # be fetched from the remote homeserver unless instigated by a user.
+
+ @override_config(
+ {
+ "media_retention": {
+ # Enable retention for local media
+ "local_media_lifetime": "30d"
+ # Cached remote media should not be purged
+ }
+ }
+ )
+ def test_local_media_retention(self) -> None:
+ """
+ Tests that local media that have not been accessed recently is purged, while
+ cached remote media is unaffected.
+ """
+ # Advance 31 days (in seconds)
+ self.reactor.advance(31 * 24 * 60 * 60)
+
+ # Check that media has been correctly purged.
+ # Local media accessed <30 days ago should still exist.
+ # Remote media should be unaffected.
+ self._assert_if_mxc_uris_purged(
+ purged=[
+ (
+ self.hs.config.server.server_name,
+ self.local_not_recently_accessed_media,
+ ),
+ (self.hs.config.server.server_name, self.local_never_accessed_media),
+ ],
+ not_purged=[
+ (self.hs.config.server.server_name, self.local_recently_accessed_media),
+ (self.remote_server_name, self.remote_recently_accessed_media),
+ (self.remote_server_name, self.remote_not_recently_accessed_media),
+ ],
+ )
+
+ @override_config(
+ {
+ "media_retention": {
+ # Enable retention for cached remote media
+ "remote_media_lifetime": "30d"
+ # Local media should not be purged
+ }
+ }
+ )
+ def test_remote_media_cache_retention(self) -> None:
+ """
+ Tests that entries from the remote media cache that have not been accessed
+ recently is purged, while local media is unaffected.
+ """
+ # Advance 31 days (in seconds)
+ self.reactor.advance(31 * 24 * 60 * 60)
+
+ # Check that media has been correctly purged.
+ # Local media should be unaffected.
+ # Remote media accessed <30 days ago should still exist.
+ self._assert_if_mxc_uris_purged(
+ purged=[
+ (self.remote_server_name, self.remote_not_recently_accessed_media),
+ ],
+ not_purged=[
+ (self.remote_server_name, self.remote_recently_accessed_media),
+ (self.hs.config.server.server_name, self.local_recently_accessed_media),
+ (
+ self.hs.config.server.server_name,
+ self.local_not_recently_accessed_media,
+ ),
+ (self.hs.config.server.server_name, self.local_never_accessed_media),
+ ],
+ )
+
+ def _assert_if_mxc_uris_purged(
+ self, purged: Iterable[Tuple[str, str]], not_purged: Iterable[Tuple[str, str]]
+ ) -> None:
+ def _assert_mxc_uri_purge_state(
+ server_name: str, media_id: str, expect_purged: bool
+ ) -> None:
+ """Given an MXC URI, assert whether it has been purged or not."""
+ if server_name == self.hs.config.server.server_name:
+ found_media_dict = self.get_success(
+ self.store.get_local_media(media_id)
+ )
+ else:
+ found_media_dict = self.get_success(
+ self.store.get_cached_remote_media(server_name, media_id)
+ )
+
+ mxc_uri = f"mxc://{server_name}/{media_id}"
+
+ if expect_purged:
+ self.assertIsNone(
+ found_media_dict, msg=f"{mxc_uri} unexpectedly not purged"
+ )
+ else:
+ self.assertIsNotNone(
+ found_media_dict,
+ msg=f"{mxc_uri} unexpectedly purged",
+ )
+
+ # Assert that the given MXC URIs have either been correctly purged or not.
+ for server_name, media_id in purged:
+ _assert_mxc_uri_purge_state(server_name, media_id, expect_purged=True)
+ for server_name, media_id in not_purged:
+ _assert_mxc_uri_purge_state(server_name, media_id, expect_purged=False)
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