Merge tag 'v1.4.0'

Synapse 1.4.0 (2019-10-03)
==========================

Bugfixes
--------

- Redact `client_secret` in server logs. ([\#6158](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/6158))

Synapse 1.4.0rc2 (2019-10-02)
=============================

Bugfixes
--------

- Fix bug in background update that adds last seen information to the `devices` table, and improve its performance on Postgres. ([\#6135](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/6135))
- Fix bad performance of censoring redactions background task. ([\#6141](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/6141))
- Fix fetching censored redactions from DB, which caused APIs like initial sync to fail if it tried to include the censored redaction. ([\#6145](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/6145))
- Fix exceptions when storing large retry intervals for down remote servers. ([\#6146](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/6146))

Internal Changes
----------------

- Fix up sample config entry for `redaction_retention_period` option. ([\#6117](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/6117))

Synapse 1.4.0rc1 (2019-09-26)
=============================

Note that this release includes significant changes around 3pid
verification. Administrators are reminded to review the [upgrade notes](UPGRADE.rst#upgrading-to-v140).

Features
--------

- Changes to 3pid verification:
  - Add the ability to send registration emails from the homeserver rather than delegating to an identity server. ([\#5835](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/5835), [\#5940](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/5940), [\#5993](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/5993), [\#5994](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/5994), [\#5868](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/5868))
  - Replace `trust_identity_server_for_password_resets` config option with `account_threepid_delegates`, and make the `id_server` parameteter optional on `*/requestToken` endpoints, as per [MSC2263](https://github.com/matrix-org/matrix-doc/pull/2263). ([\#5876](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/5876), [\#5969](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/5969), [\#6028](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/6028))
  - Switch to using the v2 Identity Service `/lookup` API where available, with fallback to v1. (Implements [MSC2134](https://github.com/matrix-org/matrix-doc/pull/2134) plus `id_access_token authentication` for v2 Identity Service APIs from [MSC2140](https://github.com/matrix-org/matrix-doc/pull/2140)). ([\#5897](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/5897))
  - Remove `bind_email` and `bind_msisdn` parameters from `/register` ala [MSC2140](https://github.com/matrix-org/matrix-doc/pull/2140). ([\#5964](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/5964))
  - Add `m.id_access_token` to `unstable_features` in `/versions` as per [MSC2264](https://github.com/matrix-org/matrix-doc/pull/2264). ([\#5974](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/5974))
  - Use the v2 Identity Service API for 3PID invites. ([\#5979](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/5979))
  - Add `POST /_matrix/client/unstable/account/3pid/unbind` endpoint from [MSC2140](https://github.com/matrix-org/matrix-doc/pull/2140) for unbinding a 3PID from an identity server without removing it from the homeserver user account. ([\#5980](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/5980), [\#6062](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/6062))
  - Use `account_threepid_delegate.email` and `account_threepid_delegate.msisdn` for validating threepid sessions. ([\#6011](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/6011))
  - Allow homeserver to handle or delegate email validation when adding an email to a user's account. ([\#6042](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/6042))
  - Implement new Client Server API endpoints `/account/3pid/add` and `/account/3pid/bind` as per [MSC2290](https://github.com/matrix-org/matrix-doc/pull/2290). ([\#6043](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/6043))
  - Add an unstable feature flag for separate add/bind 3pid APIs. ([\#6044](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/6044))
  - Remove `bind` parameter from Client Server POST `/account` endpoint as per [MSC2290](https://github.com/matrix-org/matrix-doc/pull/2290/). ([\#6067](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/6067))
  - Add `POST /add_threepid/msisdn/submit_token` endpoint for proxying submitToken on an `account_threepid_handler`. ([\#6078](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/6078))
  - Add `submit_url` response parameter to `*/msisdn/requestToken` endpoints. ([\#6079](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/6079))
  - Add `m.require_identity_server` flag to /version's unstable_features. ([\#5972](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/5972))
- Enhancements to OpenTracing support:
  - Make OpenTracing work in worker mode. ([\#5771](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/5771))
  - Pass OpenTracing contexts between servers when transmitting EDUs. ([\#5852](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/5852))
  - OpenTracing for device list updates. ([\#5853](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/5853))
  - Add a tag recording a request's authenticated entity and corresponding servlet in OpenTracing. ([\#5856](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/5856))
  - Add minimum OpenTracing for client servlets. ([\#5983](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/5983))
  - Check at setup that OpenTracing is installed if it's enabled in the config. ([\#5985](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/5985))
  - Trace replication send times. ([\#5986](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/5986))
  - Include missing OpenTracing contexts in outbout replication requests. ([\#5982](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/5982))
  - Fix sending of EDUs when OpenTracing is enabled with an empty whitelist. ([\#5984](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/5984))
  - Fix invalid references to None while OpenTracing if the log context slips. ([\#5988](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/5988), [\#5991](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/5991))
  - OpenTracing for room and e2e keys. ([\#5855](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/5855))
  - Add OpenTracing span over HTTP push processing. ([\#6003](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/6003))
- Add an admin API to purge old rooms from the database. ([\#5845](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/5845))
- Retry well-known lookups if we have recently seen a valid well-known record for the server. ([\#5850](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/5850))
- Add support for filtered room-directory search requests over federation ([MSC2197](https://github.com/matrix-org/matrix-doc/pull/2197), in order to allow upcoming room directory query performance improvements. ([\#5859](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/5859))
- Correctly retry all hosts returned from SRV when we fail to connect. ([\#5864](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/5864))
- Add admin API endpoint for setting whether or not a user is a server administrator. ([\#5878](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/5878))
- Enable cleaning up extremities with dummy events by default to prevent undue build up of forward extremities. ([\#5884](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/5884))
- Add config option to sign remote key query responses with a separate key. ([\#5895](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/5895))
- Add support for config templating. ([\#5900](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/5900))
- Users with the type of "support" or "bot" are no longer required to consent. ([\#5902](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/5902))
- Let synctl accept a directory of config files. ([\#5904](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/5904))
- Increase max display name size to 256. ([\#5906](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/5906))
- Add admin API endpoint for getting whether or not a user is a server administrator. ([\#5914](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/5914))
- Redact events in the database that have been redacted for a week. ([\#5934](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/5934))
- New prometheus metrics:
  - `synapse_federation_known_servers`: represents the total number of servers your server knows about (i.e. is in rooms with), including itself. Enable by setting `metrics_flags.known_servers` to True in the configuration.([\#5981](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/5981))
  - `synapse_build_info`: exposes the Python version, OS version, and Synapse version of the running server. ([\#6005](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/6005))
- Give appropriate exit codes when synctl fails. ([\#5992](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/5992))
- Apply the federation blacklist to requests to identity servers. ([\#6000](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/6000))
- Add `report_stats_endpoint` option to configure where stats are reported to, if enabled. Contributed by @Sorunome. ([\#6012](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/6012))
- Add config option to increase ratelimits for room admins redacting messages. ([\#6015](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/6015))
- Stop sending federation transactions to servers which have been down for a long time. ([\#6026](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/6026))
- Make the process for mapping SAML2 users to matrix IDs more flexible. ([\#6037](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/6037))
- Return a clearer error message when a timeout occurs when attempting to contact an identity server. ([\#6073](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/6073))
- Prevent password reset's submit_token endpoint from accepting trailing slashes. ([\#6074](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/6074))
- Return 403 on `/register/available` if registration has been disabled. ([\#6082](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/6082))
- Explicitly log when a homeserver does not have the `trusted_key_servers` config field configured. ([\#6090](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/6090))
- Add support for pruning old rows in `user_ips` table. ([\#6098](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/6098))

Bugfixes
--------

- Don't create broken room when `power_level_content_override.users` does not contain `creator_id`. ([\#5633](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/5633))
- Fix database index so that different backup versions can have the same sessions. ([\#5857](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/5857))
- Fix Synapse looking for config options `password_reset_failure_template` and `password_reset_success_template`, when they are actually `password_reset_template_failure_html`, `password_reset_template_success_html`. ([\#5863](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/5863))
- Fix stack overflow when recovering an appservice which had an outage. ([\#5885](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/5885))
- Fix error message which referred to `public_base_url` instead of `public_baseurl`. Thanks to @aaronraimist for the fix! ([\#5909](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/5909))
- Fix 404 for thumbnail download when `dynamic_thumbnails` is `false` and the thumbnail was dynamically generated. Fix reported by rkfg. ([\#5915](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/5915))
- Fix a cache-invalidation bug for worker-based deployments. ([\#5920](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/5920))
- Fix admin API for listing media in a room not being available with an external media repo. ([\#5966](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/5966))
- Fix list media admin API always returning an error. ([\#5967](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/5967))
- Fix room and user stats tracking. ([\#5971](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/5971), [\#5998](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/5998), [\#6029](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/6029))
- Return a `M_MISSING_PARAM` if `sid` is not provided to `/account/3pid`. ([\#5995](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/5995))
- `federation_certificate_verification_whitelist` now will not cause `TypeErrors` to be raised (a regression in 1.3). Additionally, it now supports internationalised domain names in their non-canonical representation. ([\#5996](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/5996))
- Only count real users when checking for auto-creation of auto-join room. ([\#6004](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/6004))
- Ensure support users can be registered even if MAU limit is reached. ([\#6020](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/6020))
- Fix bug where login error was shown incorrectly on SSO fallback login. ([\#6024](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/6024))
- Fix bug in calculating the federation retry backoff period. ([\#6025](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/6025))
- Prevent exceptions being logged when extremity-cleanup events fail due to lack of user consent to the terms of service. ([\#6053](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/6053))
- Remove POST method from password-reset `submit_token` endpoint until we implement `submit_url` functionality. ([\#6056](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/6056))
- Fix logcontext spam on non-Linux platforms. ([\#6059](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/6059))
- Ensure query parameters in email validation links are URL-encoded. ([\#6063](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/6063))
- Fix a bug which caused SAML attribute maps to be overridden by defaults. ([\#6069](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/6069))
- Fix the logged number of updated items for the `users_set_deactivated_flag` background update. ([\#6092](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/6092))
- Add `sid` to `next_link` for email validation. ([\#6097](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/6097))
- Threepid validity checks on msisdns should not be dependent on `threepid_behaviour_email`. ([\#6104](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/6104))
- Ensure that servers which are not configured to support email address verification do not offer it in the registration flows. ([\#6107](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/6107))

Updates to the Docker image
---------------------------

- Avoid changing `UID/GID` if they are already correct. ([\#5970](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/5970))
- Provide `SYNAPSE_WORKER` envvar to specify python module. ([\#6058](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/6058))

Improved Documentation
----------------------

- Convert documentation to markdown (from rst) ([\#5849](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/5849))
- Update `INSTALL.md` to say that Python 2 is no longer supported. ([\#5953](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/5953))
- Add developer documentation for using SAML2. ([\#6032](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/6032))
- Add some notes on rolling back to v1.3.1. ([\#6049](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/6049))
- Update the upgrade notes. ([\#6050](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/6050))

Deprecations and Removals
-------------------------

- Remove shared-secret registration from `/_matrix/client/r0/register` endpoint. Contributed by Awesome Technologies Innovationslabor GmbH. ([\#5877](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/5877))
- Deprecate the `trusted_third_party_id_servers` option. ([\#5875](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/5875))

Internal Changes
----------------

- Lay the groundwork for structured logging output. ([\#5680](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/5680))
- Retry well-known lookup before the cache expires, giving a grace period where the remote well-known can be down but we still use the old result. ([\#5844](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/5844))
- Remove log line for debugging issue #5407. ([\#5860](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/5860))
- Refactor the Appservice scheduler code. ([\#5886](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/5886))
- Compatibility with v2 Identity Service APIs other than /lookup. ([\#5892](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/5892), [\#6013](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/6013))
- Stop populating some unused tables. ([\#5893](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/5893), [\#6047](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/6047))
- Add missing index on `users_in_public_rooms` to improve the performance of directory queries. ([\#5894](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/5894))
- Improve the logging when we have an error when fetching signing keys. ([\#5896](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/5896))
- Add support for database engine-specific schema deltas, based on file extension. ([\#5911](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/5911))
- Update Buildkite pipeline to use plugins instead of buildkite-agent commands. ([\#5922](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/5922))
- Add link in sample config to the logging config schema. ([\#5926](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/5926))
- Remove unnecessary parentheses in return statements. ([\#5931](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/5931))
- Remove unused `jenkins/prepare_sytest.sh` file. ([\#5938](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/5938))
- Move Buildkite pipeline config to the pipelines repo. ([\#5943](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/5943))
- Remove unnecessary return statements in the codebase which were the result of a regex run. ([\#5962](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/5962))
- Remove left-over methods from v1 registration API. ([\#5963](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/5963))
- Cleanup event auth type initialisation. ([\#5975](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/5975))
- Clean up dependency checking at setup. ([\#5989](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/5989))
- Update OpenTracing docs to use the unified `trace` method. ([\#5776](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/5776))
- Small refactor of function arguments and docstrings in` RoomMemberHandler`. ([\#6009](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/6009))
- Remove unused `origin` argument on `FederationHandler.add_display_name_to_third_party_invite`. ([\#6010](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/6010))
- Add a `failure_ts` column to the `destinations` database table. ([\#6016](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/6016), [\#6072](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/6072))
- Clean up some code in the retry logic. ([\#6017](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/6017))
- Fix the structured logging tests stomping on the global log configuration for subsequent tests. ([\#6023](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/6023))
- Clean up the sample config for SAML authentication. ([\#6064](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/6064))
- Change mailer logging to reflect Synapse doesn't just do chat notifications by email now. ([\#6075](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/6075))
- Move last-seen info into devices table. ([\#6089](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/6089))
- Remove unused parameter to `get_user_id_by_threepid`. ([\#6099](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/6099))
- Refactor the user-interactive auth handling. ([\#6105](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/6105))
- Refactor code for calculating registration flows. ([\#6106](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/6106))

1 files changed, 280 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/synapse/logging/_terse_json.py b/synapse/logging/_terse_json.py
new file mode 100644

index 0000000000..0ebbde06f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/logging/_terse_json.py
@@ -0,0 +1,280 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+"""
+Log formatters that output terse JSON.
+"""
+
+import sys
+from collections import deque
+from ipaddress import IPv4Address, IPv6Address, ip_address
+from math import floor
+from typing import IO
+
+import attr
+from simplejson import dumps
+from zope.interface import implementer
+
+from twisted.application.internet import ClientService
+from twisted.internet.endpoints import (
+    HostnameEndpoint,
+    TCP4ClientEndpoint,
+    TCP6ClientEndpoint,
+)
+from twisted.internet.protocol import Factory, Protocol
+from twisted.logger import FileLogObserver, ILogObserver, Logger
+from twisted.python.failure import Failure
+
+
+def flatten_event(event: dict, metadata: dict, include_time: bool = False):
+    """
+    Flatten a Twisted logging event to an dictionary capable of being sent
+    as a log event to a logging aggregation system.
+
+    The format is vastly simplified and is not designed to be a "human readable
+    string" in the sense that traditional logs are. Instead, the structure is
+    optimised for searchability and filtering, with human-understandable log
+    keys.
+
+    Args:
+        event (dict): The Twisted logging event we are flattening.
+        metadata (dict): Additional data to include with each log message. This
+            can be information like the server name. Since the target log
+            consumer does not know who we are other than by host IP, this
+            allows us to forward through static information.
+        include_time (bool): Should we include the `time` key? If False, the
+            event time is stripped from the event.
+    """
+    new_event = {}
+
+    # If it's a failure, make the new event's log_failure be the traceback text.
+    if "log_failure" in event:
+        new_event["log_failure"] = event["log_failure"].getTraceback()
+
+    # If it's a warning, copy over a string representation of the warning.
+    if "warning" in event:
+        new_event["warning"] = str(event["warning"])
+
+    # Stdlib logging events have "log_text" as their human-readable portion,
+    # Twisted ones have "log_format". For now, include the log_format, so that
+    # context only given in the log format (e.g. what is being logged) is
+    # available.
+    if "log_text" in event:
+        new_event["log"] = event["log_text"]
+    else:
+        new_event["log"] = event["log_format"]
+
+    # We want to include the timestamp when forwarding over the network, but
+    # exclude it when we are writing to stdout. This is because the log ingester
+    # (e.g. logstash, fluentd) can add its own timestamp.
+    if include_time:
+        new_event["time"] = round(event["log_time"], 2)
+
+    # Convert the log level to a textual representation.
+    new_event["level"] = event["log_level"].name.upper()
+
+    # Ignore these keys, and do not transfer them over to the new log object.
+    # They are either useless (isError), transferred manually above (log_time,
+    # log_level, etc), or contain Python objects which are not useful for output
+    # (log_logger, log_source).
+    keys_to_delete = [
+        "isError",
+        "log_failure",
+        "log_format",
+        "log_level",
+        "log_logger",
+        "log_source",
+        "log_system",
+        "log_time",
+        "log_text",
+        "observer",
+        "warning",
+    ]
+
+    # If it's from the Twisted legacy logger (twisted.python.log), it adds some
+    # more keys we want to purge.
+    if event.get("log_namespace") == "log_legacy":
+        keys_to_delete.extend(["message", "system", "time"])
+
+    # Rather than modify the dictionary in place, construct a new one with only
+    # the content we want. The original event should be considered 'frozen'.
+    for key in event.keys():
+
+        if key in keys_to_delete:
+            continue
+
+        if isinstance(event[key], (str, int, bool, float)) or event[key] is None:
+            # If it's a plain type, include it as is.
+            new_event[key] = event[key]
+        else:
+            # If it's not one of those basic types, write out a string
+            # representation. This should probably be a warning in development,
+            # so that we are sure we are only outputting useful data.
+            new_event[key] = str(event[key])
+
+    # Add the metadata information to the event (e.g. the server_name).
+    new_event.update(metadata)
+
+    return new_event
+
+
+def TerseJSONToConsoleLogObserver(outFile: IO[str], metadata: dict) -> FileLogObserver:
+    """
+    A log observer that formats events to a flattened JSON representation.
+
+    Args:
+        outFile: The file object to write to.
+        metadata: Metadata to be added to each log object.
+    """
+
+    def formatEvent(_event: dict) -> str:
+        flattened = flatten_event(_event, metadata)
+        return dumps(flattened, ensure_ascii=False, separators=(",", ":")) + "\n"
+
+    return FileLogObserver(outFile, formatEvent)
+
+
+@attr.s
+@implementer(ILogObserver)
+class TerseJSONToTCPLogObserver(object):
+    """
+    An IObserver that writes JSON logs to a TCP target.
+
+    Args:
+        hs (HomeServer): The Homeserver that is being logged for.
+        host: The host of the logging target.
+        port: The logging target's port.
+        metadata: Metadata to be added to each log entry.
+    """
+
+    hs = attr.ib()
+    host = attr.ib(type=str)
+    port = attr.ib(type=int)
+    metadata = attr.ib(type=dict)
+    maximum_buffer = attr.ib(type=int)
+    _buffer = attr.ib(default=attr.Factory(deque), type=deque)
+    _writer = attr.ib(default=None)
+    _logger = attr.ib(default=attr.Factory(Logger))
+
+    def start(self) -> None:
+
+        # Connect without DNS lookups if it's a direct IP.
+        try:
+            ip = ip_address(self.host)
+            if isinstance(ip, IPv4Address):
+                endpoint = TCP4ClientEndpoint(
+                    self.hs.get_reactor(), self.host, self.port
+                )
+            elif isinstance(ip, IPv6Address):
+                endpoint = TCP6ClientEndpoint(
+                    self.hs.get_reactor(), self.host, self.port
+                )
+        except ValueError:
+            endpoint = HostnameEndpoint(self.hs.get_reactor(), self.host, self.port)
+
+        factory = Factory.forProtocol(Protocol)
+        self._service = ClientService(endpoint, factory, clock=self.hs.get_reactor())
+        self._service.startService()
+
+    def _write_loop(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Implement the write loop.
+        """
+        if self._writer:
+            return
+
+        self._writer = self._service.whenConnected()
+
+        @self._writer.addBoth
+        def writer(r):
+            if isinstance(r, Failure):
+                r.printTraceback(file=sys.__stderr__)
+                self._writer = None
+                self.hs.get_reactor().callLater(1, self._write_loop)
+                return
+
+            try:
+                for event in self._buffer:
+                    r.transport.write(
+                        dumps(event, ensure_ascii=False, separators=(",", ":")).encode(
+                            "utf8"
+                        )
+                    )
+                    r.transport.write(b"\n")
+                self._buffer.clear()
+            except Exception as e:
+                sys.__stderr__.write("Failed writing out logs with %s\n" % (str(e),))
+
+            self._writer = False
+            self.hs.get_reactor().callLater(1, self._write_loop)
+
+    def _handle_pressure(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Handle backpressure by shedding events.
+
+        The buffer will, in this order, until the buffer is below the maximum:
+            - Shed DEBUG events
+            - Shed INFO events
+            - Shed the middle 50% of the events.
+        """
+        if len(self._buffer) <= self.maximum_buffer:
+            return
+
+        # Strip out DEBUGs
+        self._buffer = deque(
+            filter(lambda event: event["level"] != "DEBUG", self._buffer)
+        )
+
+        if len(self._buffer) <= self.maximum_buffer:
+            return
+
+        # Strip out INFOs
+        self._buffer = deque(
+            filter(lambda event: event["level"] != "INFO", self._buffer)
+        )
+
+        if len(self._buffer) <= self.maximum_buffer:
+            return
+
+        # Cut the middle entries out
+        buffer_split = floor(self.maximum_buffer / 2)
+
+        old_buffer = self._buffer
+        self._buffer = deque()
+
+        for i in range(buffer_split):
+            self._buffer.append(old_buffer.popleft())
+
+        end_buffer = []
+        for i in range(buffer_split):
+            end_buffer.append(old_buffer.pop())
+
+        self._buffer.extend(reversed(end_buffer))
+
+    def __call__(self, event: dict) -> None:
+        flattened = flatten_event(event, self.metadata, include_time=True)
+        self._buffer.append(flattened)
+
+        # Handle backpressure, if it exists.
+        try:
+            self._handle_pressure()
+        except Exception:
+            # If handling backpressure fails,clear the buffer and log the
+            # exception.
+            self._buffer.clear()
+            self._logger.failure("Failed clearing backpressure")
+
+        # Try and write immediately.
+        self._write_loop()