diff --git a/scripts-dev/update_database b/scripts-dev/update_database
new file mode 100755
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts-dev/update_database
@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+import argparse
+import logging
+import sys
+
+import yaml
+
+from twisted.internet import defer, reactor
+
+from synapse.config.homeserver import HomeServerConfig
+from synapse.metrics.background_process_metrics import run_as_background_process
+from synapse.server import HomeServer
+from synapse.storage.engines import create_engine
+from synapse.storage import DataStore
+from synapse.storage.prepare_database import prepare_database
+
+logger = logging.getLogger("update_database")
+
+
+class MockHomeserver(HomeServer):
+ DATASTORE_CLASS = DataStore
+
+ def __init__(self, config, database_engine, db_conn, **kwargs):
+ super(MockHomeserver, self).__init__(
+ config.server_name,
+ reactor=reactor,
+ config=config,
+ database_engine=database_engine,
+ **kwargs
+ )
+
+ self.database_engine = database_engine
+ self.db_conn = db_conn
+
+ def get_db_conn(self):
+ return self.db_conn
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+ parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
+ description=(
+ "Updates a synapse database to the latest schema and runs background updates"
+ " on it."
+ )
+ )
+ parser.add_argument("-v", action='store_true')
+ parser.add_argument(
+ "--database-config",
+ type=argparse.FileType('r'),
+ required=True,
+ help="A database config file for either a SQLite3 database or a PostgreSQL one.",
+ )
+
+ args = parser.parse_args()
+
+ logging_config = {
+ "level": logging.DEBUG if args.v else logging.INFO,
+ "format": "%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(lineno)d - %(levelname)s - %(message)s",
+ }
+
+ logging.basicConfig(**logging_config)
+
+ # Load, process and sanity-check the config.
+ hs_config = yaml.safe_load(args.database_config)
+
+ if "database" not in hs_config:
+ sys.stderr.write("The configuration file must have a 'database' section.\n")
+ sys.exit(4)
+
+ config = HomeServerConfig()
+ config.parse_config_dict(hs_config, "", "")
+
+ # Create the database engine and a connection to it.
+ database_engine = create_engine(config.database_config)
+ db_conn = database_engine.module.connect(
+ **{
+ k: v
+ for k, v in config.database_config.get("args", {}).items()
+ if not k.startswith("cp_")
+ }
+ )
+
+ # Update the database to the latest schema.
+ prepare_database(db_conn, database_engine, config=config)
+ db_conn.commit()
+
+ # Instantiate and initialise the homeserver object.
+ hs = MockHomeserver(
+ config,
+ database_engine,
+ db_conn,
+ db_config=config.database_config,
+ )
+ # setup instantiates the store within the homeserver object.
+ hs.setup()
+ store = hs.get_datastore()
+
+ @defer.inlineCallbacks
+ def run_background_updates():
+ yield store.run_background_updates(sleep=False)
+ # Stop the reactor to exit the script once every background update is run.
+ reactor.stop()
+
+ # Apply all background updates on the database.
+ reactor.callWhenRunning(lambda: run_as_background_process(
+ "background_updates", run_background_updates
+ ))
+
+ reactor.run()
+
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