Cleanups to the OpenID Connect integration (#7628)

docs, default configs, comments. Nothing very significant.

3 files changed, 302 insertions, 241 deletions

diff --git a/docs/dev/oidc.md b/docs/dev/oidc.md
deleted file mode 100644
index a90c5d2441..0000000000
--- a/docs/dev/oidc.md
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,175 +0,0 @@
-# How to test OpenID Connect
-
-Any OpenID Connect Provider (OP) should work with Synapse, as long as it supports the authorization code flow.
-There are a few options for that:
-
- - start a local OP. Synapse has been tested with [Hydra][hydra] and [Dex][dex-idp].
-   Note that for an OP to work, it should be served under a secure (HTTPS) origin.
-   A certificate signed with a self-signed, locally trusted CA should work. In that case, start Synapse with a `SSL_CERT_FILE` environment variable set to the path of the CA.
- - use a publicly available OP. Synapse has been tested with [Google][google-idp].
- - setup a SaaS OP, like [Auth0][auth0] and [Okta][okta]. Auth0 has a free tier which has been tested with Synapse.
-
-[google-idp]: https://developers.google.com/identity/protocols/OpenIDConnect#authenticatingtheuser
-[auth0]: https://auth0.com/
-[okta]: https://www.okta.com/
-[dex-idp]: https://github.com/dexidp/dex
-[hydra]: https://www.ory.sh/docs/hydra/
-
-
-## Sample configs
-
-Here are a few configs for providers that should work with Synapse.
-
-### [Dex][dex-idp]
-
-[Dex][dex-idp] is a simple, open-source, certified OpenID Connect Provider.
-Although it is designed to help building a full-blown provider, with some external database, it can be configured with static passwords in a config file.
-
-Follow the [Getting Started guide](https://github.com/dexidp/dex/blob/master/Documentation/getting-started.md) to install Dex.
-
-Edit `examples/config-dev.yaml` config file from the Dex repo to add a client:
-
-```yaml
-staticClients:
-- id: synapse
-  secret: secret
-  redirectURIs:
-  - '[synapse base url]/_synapse/oidc/callback'
-  name: 'Synapse'
-```
-
-Run with `dex serve examples/config-dex.yaml`
-
-Synapse config:
-
-```yaml
-oidc_config:
-   enabled: true
-   skip_verification: true # This is needed as Dex is served on an insecure endpoint
-   issuer: "http://127.0.0.1:5556/dex"
-   discover: true
-   client_id: "synapse"
-   client_secret: "secret"
-   scopes:
-     - openid
-     - profile
-   user_mapping_provider:
-     config:
-       localpart_template: '{{ user.name }}'
-       display_name_template: '{{ user.name|capitalize }}'
-```
-
-### [Auth0][auth0]
-
-1. Create a regular web application for Synapse
-2. Set the Allowed Callback URLs to `[synapse base url]/_synapse/oidc/callback`
-3. Add a rule to add the `preferred_username` claim.
-   <details>
-    <summary>Code sample</summary>
-
-    ```js
-    function addPersistenceAttribute(user, context, callback) {
-      user.user_metadata = user.user_metadata || {};
-      user.user_metadata.preferred_username = user.user_metadata.preferred_username || user.user_id;
-      context.idToken.preferred_username = user.user_metadata.preferred_username;
-
-      auth0.users.updateUserMetadata(user.user_id, user.user_metadata)
-        .then(function(){
-            callback(null, user, context);
-        })
-        .catch(function(err){
-            callback(err);
-        });
-    }
-    ```
-
-  </details>
-
-
-```yaml
-oidc_config:
-   enabled: true
-   issuer: "https://your-tier.eu.auth0.com/" # TO BE FILLED
-   discover: true
-   client_id: "your-client-id" # TO BE FILLED
-   client_secret: "your-client-secret" # TO BE FILLED
-   scopes:
-     - openid
-     - profile
-   user_mapping_provider:
-     config:
-       localpart_template: '{{ user.preferred_username }}'
-       display_name_template: '{{ user.name }}'
-```
-
-### GitHub
-
-GitHub is a bit special as it is not an OpenID Connect compliant provider, but just a regular OAuth2 provider.
-The `/user` API endpoint can be used to retrieve informations from the user.
-As the OIDC login mechanism needs an attribute to uniquely identify users and that endpoint does not return a `sub` property, an alternative `subject_claim` has to be set.
-
-1. Create a new OAuth application: https://github.com/settings/applications/new
-2. Set the callback URL to `[synapse base url]/_synapse/oidc/callback`
-
-```yaml
-oidc_config:
-   enabled: true
-   issuer: "https://github.com/"
-   discover: false
-   client_id: "your-client-id" # TO BE FILLED
-   client_secret: "your-client-secret" # TO BE FILLED
-   authorization_endpoint: "https://github.com/login/oauth/authorize"
-   token_endpoint: "https://github.com/login/oauth/access_token"
-   userinfo_endpoint: "https://api.github.com/user"
-   scopes:
-     - read:user
-   user_mapping_provider:
-     config:
-       subject_claim: 'id'
-       localpart_template: '{{ user.login }}'
-       display_name_template: '{{ user.name }}'
-```
-
-### Google
-
-1. Setup a project in the Google API Console
-2. Obtain the OAuth 2.0 credentials (see <https://developers.google.com/identity/protocols/oauth2/openid-connect>)
-3. Add this Authorized redirect URI: `[synapse base url]/_synapse/oidc/callback`
-
-```yaml
-oidc_config:
-   enabled: true
-   issuer: "https://accounts.google.com/"
-   discover: true
-   client_id: "your-client-id" # TO BE FILLED
-   client_secret: "your-client-secret" # TO BE FILLED
-   scopes:
-     - openid
-     - profile
-   user_mapping_provider:
-     config:
-       localpart_template: '{{ user.given_name|lower }}'
-       display_name_template: '{{ user.name }}'
-```
-
-### Twitch
-
-1. Setup a developer account on [Twitch](https://dev.twitch.tv/)
-2. Obtain the OAuth 2.0 credentials by [creating an app](https://dev.twitch.tv/console/apps/)
-3. Add this OAuth Redirect URL: `[synapse base url]/_synapse/oidc/callback`
-
-```yaml
-oidc_config:
-   enabled: true
-   issuer: "https://id.twitch.tv/oauth2/"
-   discover: true
-   client_id: "your-client-id" # TO BE FILLED
-   client_secret: "your-client-secret" # TO BE FILLED
-   client_auth_method: "client_secret_post"
-   scopes:
-     - openid
-   user_mapping_provider:
-     config:
-       localpart_template: '{{ user.preferred_username }}'
-       display_name_template: '{{ user.name }}'
-```
diff --git a/docs/openid.md b/docs/openid.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..688379ddd9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/openid.md
@@ -0,0 +1,206 @@
+# Configuring Synapse to authenticate against an OpenID Connect provider
+
+Synapse can be configured to use an OpenID Connect Provider (OP) for
+authentication, instead of its own local password database.
+
+Any OP should work with Synapse, as long as it supports the authorization code
+flow. There are a few options for that:
+
+ - start a local OP. Synapse has been tested with [Hydra][hydra] and
+   [Dex][dex-idp].  Note that for an OP to work, it should be served under a
+   secure (HTTPS) origin.  A certificate signed with a self-signed, locally
+   trusted CA should work. In that case, start Synapse with a `SSL_CERT_FILE`
+   environment variable set to the path of the CA.
+
+ - set up a SaaS OP, like [Google][google-idp], [Auth0][auth0] or
+   [Okta][okta]. Synapse has been tested with Auth0 and Google.
+
+It may also be possible to use other OAuth2 providers which provide the
+[authorization code grant type](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6749#section-4.1),
+such as [Github][github-idp].
+
+[google-idp]: https://developers.google.com/identity/protocols/oauth2/openid-connect
+[auth0]: https://auth0.com/
+[okta]: https://www.okta.com/
+[dex-idp]: https://github.com/dexidp/dex
+[hydra]: https://www.ory.sh/docs/hydra/
+[github-idp]: https://developer.github.com/apps/building-oauth-apps/authorizing-oauth-apps
+
+## Preparing Synapse
+
+The OpenID integration in Synapse uses the
+[`authlib`](https://pypi.org/project/Authlib/) library, which must be installed
+as follows:
+
+ * The relevant libraries are included in the Docker images and Debian packages
+   provided by `matrix.org` so no further action is needed.
+
+ * If you installed Synapse into a virtualenv, run `/path/to/env/bin/pip
+   install synapse[oidc]` to install the necessary dependencies.
+
+ * For other installation mechanisms, see the documentation provided by the
+   maintainer.
+
+To enable the OpenID integration, you should then add an `oidc_config` section
+to your configuration file (or uncomment the `enabled: true` line in the
+existing section). See [sample_config.yaml](./sample_config.yaml) for some
+sample settings, as well as the text below for example configurations for
+specific providers.
+
+## Sample configs
+
+Here are a few configs for providers that should work with Synapse.
+
+### [Dex][dex-idp]
+
+[Dex][dex-idp] is a simple, open-source, certified OpenID Connect Provider.
+Although it is designed to help building a full-blown provider with an
+external database, it can be configured with static passwords in a config file.
+
+Follow the [Getting Started
+guide](https://github.com/dexidp/dex/blob/master/Documentation/getting-started.md)
+to install Dex.
+
+Edit `examples/config-dev.yaml` config file from the Dex repo to add a client:
+
+```yaml
+staticClients:
+- id: synapse
+  secret: secret
+  redirectURIs:
+  - '[synapse public baseurl]/_synapse/oidc/callback'
+  name: 'Synapse'
+```
+
+Run with `dex serve examples/config-dex.yaml`.
+
+Synapse config:
+
+```yaml
+oidc_config:
+   enabled: true
+   skip_verification: true # This is needed as Dex is served on an insecure endpoint
+   issuer: "http://127.0.0.1:5556/dex"
+   client_id: "synapse"
+   client_secret: "secret"
+   scopes: ["openid", "profile"]
+   user_mapping_provider:
+     config:
+       localpart_template: "{{ user.name }}"
+       display_name_template: "{{ user.name|capitalize }}"
+```
+
+### [Auth0][auth0]
+
+1. Create a regular web application for Synapse
+2. Set the Allowed Callback URLs to `[synapse public baseurl]/_synapse/oidc/callback`
+3. Add a rule to add the `preferred_username` claim.
+   <details>
+    <summary>Code sample</summary>
+
+    ```js
+    function addPersistenceAttribute(user, context, callback) {
+      user.user_metadata = user.user_metadata || {};
+      user.user_metadata.preferred_username = user.user_metadata.preferred_username || user.user_id;
+      context.idToken.preferred_username = user.user_metadata.preferred_username;
+
+      auth0.users.updateUserMetadata(user.user_id, user.user_metadata)
+        .then(function(){
+            callback(null, user, context);
+        })
+        .catch(function(err){
+            callback(err);
+        });
+    }
+    ```
+  </details>
+
+Synapse config:
+
+```yaml
+oidc_config:
+   enabled: true
+   issuer: "https://your-tier.eu.auth0.com/" # TO BE FILLED
+   client_id: "your-client-id" # TO BE FILLED
+   client_secret: "your-client-secret" # TO BE FILLED
+   scopes: ["openid", "profile"]
+   user_mapping_provider:
+     config:
+       localpart_template: "{{ user.preferred_username }}"
+       display_name_template: "{{ user.name }}"
+```
+
+### GitHub
+
+GitHub is a bit special as it is not an OpenID Connect compliant provider, but
+just a regular OAuth2 provider.
+
+The [`/user` API endpoint](https://developer.github.com/v3/users/#get-the-authenticated-user)
+can be used to retrieve information on the authenticated user. As the Synaspse
+login mechanism needs an attribute to uniquely identify users, and that endpoint
+does not return a `sub` property, an alternative `subject_claim` has to be set.
+
+1. Create a new OAuth application: https://github.com/settings/applications/new.
+2. Set the callback URL to `[synapse public baseurl]/_synapse/oidc/callback`.
+
+Synapse config:
+
+```yaml
+oidc_config:
+   enabled: true
+   discover: false
+   issuer: "https://github.com/"
+   client_id: "your-client-id" # TO BE FILLED
+   client_secret: "your-client-secret" # TO BE FILLED
+   authorization_endpoint: "https://github.com/login/oauth/authorize"
+   token_endpoint: "https://github.com/login/oauth/access_token"
+   userinfo_endpoint: "https://api.github.com/user"
+   scopes: ["read:user"]
+   user_mapping_provider:
+     config:
+       subject_claim: "id"
+       localpart_template: "{{ user.login }}"
+       display_name_template: "{{ user.name }}"
+```
+
+### [Google][google-idp]
+
+1. Set up a project in the Google API Console (see
+   https://developers.google.com/identity/protocols/oauth2/openid-connect#appsetup).
+2. add an "OAuth Client ID" for a Web Application under "Credentials".
+3. Copy the Client ID and Client Secret, and add the following to your synapse config:
+   ```yaml
+   oidc_config:
+     enabled: true
+     issuer: "https://accounts.google.com/"
+     client_id: "your-client-id" # TO BE FILLED
+     client_secret: "your-client-secret" # TO BE FILLED
+     scopes: ["openid", "profile"]
+     user_mapping_provider:
+       config:
+         localpart_template: "{{ user.given_name|lower }}"
+         display_name_template: "{{ user.name }}"
+   ```
+4. Back in the Google console, add this Authorized redirect URI: `[synapse
+   public baseurl]/_synapse/oidc/callback`.
+
+### Twitch
+
+1. Setup a developer account on [Twitch](https://dev.twitch.tv/)
+2. Obtain the OAuth 2.0 credentials by [creating an app](https://dev.twitch.tv/console/apps/)
+3. Add this OAuth Redirect URL: `[synapse public baseurl]/_synapse/oidc/callback`
+
+Synapse config:
+
+```yaml
+oidc_config:
+   enabled: true
+   issuer: "https://id.twitch.tv/oauth2/"
+   client_id: "your-client-id" # TO BE FILLED
+   client_secret: "your-client-secret" # TO BE FILLED
+   client_auth_method: "client_secret_post"
+   user_mapping_provider:
+     config:
+       localpart_template: '{{ user.preferred_username }}'
+       display_name_template: '{{ user.name }}'
+```
diff --git a/docs/sample_config.yaml b/docs/sample_config.yaml
index 6784234d5f..b06394a2bd 100644
--- a/docs/sample_config.yaml
+++ b/docs/sample_config.yaml
@@ -1379,6 +1379,8 @@ trusted_key_servers:
 #key_server_signing_keys_path: "key_server_signing_keys.key"
 
 
+## Single sign-on integration ##
+
 # Enable SAML2 for registration and login. Uses pysaml2.
 #
 # At least one of `sp_config` or `config_path` must be set in this section to
@@ -1526,92 +1528,119 @@ saml2_config:
   #template_dir: "res/templates"
 
 
-# Enable OpenID Connect for registration and login. Uses authlib.
+# OpenID Connect integration. The following settings can be used to make Synapse
+# use an OpenID Connect Provider for authentication, instead of its internal
+# password database.
+#
+# See https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/blob/master/openid.md.
 #
 oidc_config:
-    # enable OpenID Connect. Defaults to false.
-    #
-    #enabled: true
+  # Uncomment the following to enable authorization against an OpenID Connect
+  # server. Defaults to false.
+  #
+  #enabled: true
 
-    # use the OIDC discovery mechanism to discover endpoints. Defaults to true.
-    #
-    #discover: true
+  # Uncomment the following to disable use of the OIDC discovery mechanism to
+  # discover endpoints. Defaults to true.
+  #
+  #discover: false
 
-    # the OIDC issuer. Used to validate tokens and discover the providers endpoints. Required.
-    #
-    #issuer: "https://accounts.example.com/"
+  # the OIDC issuer. Used to validate tokens and (if discovery is enabled) to
+  # discover the provider's endpoints.
+  #
+  # Required if 'enabled' is true.
+  #
+  #issuer: "https://accounts.example.com/"
 
-    # oauth2 client id to use. Required.
-    #
-    #client_id: "provided-by-your-issuer"
+  # oauth2 client id to use.
+  #
+  # Required if 'enabled' is true.
+  #
+  #client_id: "provided-by-your-issuer"
 
-    # oauth2 client secret to use. Required.
-    #
-    #client_secret: "provided-by-your-issuer"
+  # oauth2 client secret to use.
+  #
+  # Required if 'enabled' is true.
+  #
+  #client_secret: "provided-by-your-issuer"
 
-    # auth method to use when exchanging the token.
-    # Valid values are "client_secret_basic" (default), "client_secret_post" and "none".
-    #
-    #client_auth_method: "client_secret_basic"
+  # auth method to use when exchanging the token.
+  # Valid values are 'client_secret_basic' (default), 'client_secret_post' and
+  # 'none'.
+  #
+  #client_auth_method: client_secret_post
 
-    # list of scopes to ask. This should include the "openid" scope. Defaults to ["openid"].
-    #
-    #scopes: ["openid"]
+  # list of scopes to request. This should normally include the "openid" scope.
+  # Defaults to ["openid"].
+  #
+  #scopes: ["openid", "profile"]
 
-    # the oauth2 authorization endpoint. Required if provider discovery is disabled.
-    #
-    #authorization_endpoint: "https://accounts.example.com/oauth2/auth"
+  # the oauth2 authorization endpoint. Required if provider discovery is disabled.
+  #
+  #authorization_endpoint: "https://accounts.example.com/oauth2/auth"
 
-    # the oauth2 token endpoint. Required if provider discovery is disabled.
-    #
-    #token_endpoint: "https://accounts.example.com/oauth2/token"
+  # the oauth2 token endpoint. Required if provider discovery is disabled.
+  #
+  #token_endpoint: "https://accounts.example.com/oauth2/token"
 
-    # the OIDC userinfo endpoint. Required if discovery is disabled and the "openid" scope is not asked.
-    #
-    #userinfo_endpoint: "https://accounts.example.com/userinfo"
+  # the OIDC userinfo endpoint. Required if discovery is disabled and the
+  # "openid" scope is not requested.
+  #
+  #userinfo_endpoint: "https://accounts.example.com/userinfo"
 
-    # URI where to fetch the JWKS. Required if discovery is disabled and the "openid" scope is used.
-    #
-    #jwks_uri: "https://accounts.example.com/.well-known/jwks.json"
+  # URI where to fetch the JWKS. Required if discovery is disabled and the
+  # "openid" scope is used.
+  #
+  #jwks_uri: "https://accounts.example.com/.well-known/jwks.json"
 
-    # skip metadata verification. Defaults to false.
-    # Use this if you are connecting to a provider that is not OpenID Connect compliant.
-    # Avoid this in production.
-    #
-    #skip_verification: false
+  # Uncomment to skip metadata verification. Defaults to false.
+  #
+  # Use this if you are connecting to a provider that is not OpenID Connect
+  # compliant.
+  # Avoid this in production.
+  #
+  #skip_verification: true
 
+  # An external module can be provided here as a custom solution to mapping
+  # attributes returned from a OIDC provider onto a matrix user.
+  #
+  user_mapping_provider:
+    # The custom module's class. Uncomment to use a custom module.
+    # Default is 'synapse.handlers.oidc_handler.JinjaOidcMappingProvider'.
+    #
+    # See https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/blob/master/docs/sso_mapping_providers.md#openid-mapping-providers
+    # for information on implementing a custom mapping provider.
+    #
+    #module: mapping_provider.OidcMappingProvider
 
-    # An external module can be provided here as a custom solution to mapping
-    # attributes returned from a OIDC provider onto a matrix user.
+    # Custom configuration values for the module. This section will be passed as
+    # a Python dictionary to the user mapping provider module's `parse_config`
+    # method.
+    #
+    # The examples below are intended for the default provider: they should be
+    # changed if using a custom provider.
     #
-    user_mapping_provider:
-      # The custom module's class. Uncomment to use a custom module.
-      # Default is 'synapse.handlers.oidc_handler.JinjaOidcMappingProvider'.
+    config:
+      # name of the claim containing a unique identifier for the user.
+      # Defaults to `sub`, which OpenID Connect compliant providers should provide.
       #
-      #module: mapping_provider.OidcMappingProvider
+      #subject_claim: "sub"
 
-      # Custom configuration values for the module. Below options are intended
-      # for the built-in provider, they should be changed if using a custom
-      # module. This section will be passed as a Python dictionary to the
-      # module's `parse_config` method.
+      # Jinja2 template for the localpart of the MXID.
       #
-      # Below is the config of the default mapping provider, based on Jinja2
-      # templates. Those templates are used to render user attributes, where the
-      # userinfo object is available through the `user` variable.
+      # When rendering, this template is given the following variables:
+      #   * user: The claims returned by the UserInfo Endpoint and/or in the ID
+      #     Token
       #
-      config:
-        # name of the claim containing a unique identifier for the user.
-        # Defaults to `sub`, which OpenID Connect compliant providers should provide.
-        #
-        #subject_claim: "sub"
-
-        # Jinja2 template for the localpart of the MXID
-        #
-        localpart_template: "{{ user.preferred_username }}"
+      # This must be configured if using the default mapping provider.
+      #
+      localpart_template: "{{ user.preferred_username }}"
 
-        # Jinja2 template for the display name to set on first login. Optional.
-        #
-        #display_name_template: "{{ user.given_name }} {{ user.last_name }}"
+      # Jinja2 template for the display name to set on first login.
+      #
+      # If unset, no displayname will be set.
+      #
+      #display_name_template: "{{ user.given_name }} {{ user.last_name }}"
 
 
 
@@ -1626,7 +1655,8 @@ oidc_config:
 #   #    name: value
 
 
-# Additional settings to use with single-sign on systems such as SAML2 and CAS.
+# Additional settings to use with single-sign on systems such as OpenID Connect,
+# SAML2 and CAS.
 #
 sso:
     # A list of client URLs which are whitelisted so that the user does not