Add OpenTracing for database activity. (#10113)

This adds quite a lot of OpenTracing decoration for database activity. Specifically it adds tracing at four different levels:

 * emit a span for each "interaction" - ie, the top level database function that we tend to call "transaction", but isn't really, because it can end up as multiple transactions.
 * emit a span while we hold a database connection open
 * emit a span for each database transaction - actual actual transaction.
 * emit a span for each database query.

I'm aware this might be quite a lot of overhead, but even just running it on a local Synapse it looks really interesting, and I hope the overhead can be offset just by turning down the sampling frequency and finding other ways of tracing requests of interest (eg, the `force_tracing_for_users` setting).

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