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authorRichard van der Hoff <richard@matrix.org>2019-09-19 15:05:31 +0100
committerRichard van der Hoff <richard@matrix.org>2019-09-19 15:05:31 +0100
commitb789c7eb03aaadee8d5e2f289a4c100fc01f71b8 (patch)
treeda9216150b667cd83fbc416b2431671fb5215d86 /docs/tcp_replication.rst
parentAdd changelog (diff)
parentfix sample config (diff)
downloadsynapse-b789c7eb03aaadee8d5e2f289a4c100fc01f71b8.tar.xz
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-TCP Replication
-===============
-
-Motivation
-----------
-
-Previously the workers used an HTTP long poll mechanism to get updates from the
-master, which had the problem of causing a lot of duplicate work on the server.
-This TCP protocol replaces those APIs with the aim of increased efficiency.
-
-
-
-Overview
---------
-
-The protocol is based on fire and forget, line based commands. An example flow
-would be (where '>' indicates master to worker and '<' worker to master flows)::
-
-    > SERVER example.com
-    < REPLICATE events 53
-    > RDATA events 54 ["$foo1:bar.com", ...]
-    > RDATA events 55 ["$foo4:bar.com", ...]
-
-The example shows the server accepting a new connection and sending its identity
-with the ``SERVER`` command, followed by the client asking to subscribe to the
-``events`` stream from the token ``53``. The server then periodically sends ``RDATA``
-commands which have the format ``RDATA <stream_name> <token> <row>``, where the
-format of ``<row>`` is defined by the individual streams.
-
-Error reporting happens by either the client or server sending an `ERROR`
-command, and usually the connection will be closed.
-
-
-Since the protocol is a simple line based, its possible to manually connect to
-the server using a tool like netcat. A few things should be noted when manually
-using the protocol:
-
-* When subscribing to a stream using ``REPLICATE``, the special token ``NOW`` can
-  be used to get all future updates. The special stream name ``ALL`` can be used
-  with ``NOW`` to subscribe to all available streams.
-* The federation stream is only available if federation sending has been
-  disabled on the main process.
-* The server will only time connections out that have sent a ``PING`` command.
-  If a ping is sent then the connection will be closed if no further commands
-  are receieved within 15s. Both the client and server protocol implementations
-  will send an initial PING on connection and ensure at least one command every
-  5s is sent (not necessarily ``PING``).
-* ``RDATA`` commands *usually* include a numeric token, however if the stream
-  has multiple rows to replicate per token the server will send multiple
-  ``RDATA`` commands, with all but the last having a token of ``batch``. See
-  the documentation on ``commands.RdataCommand`` for further details.
-
-
-Architecture
-------------
-
-The basic structure of the protocol is line based, where the initial word of
-each line specifies the command. The rest of the line is parsed based on the
-command. For example, the `RDATA` command is defined as::
-
-    RDATA <stream_name> <token> <row_json>
-
-(Note that `<row_json>` may contains spaces, but cannot contain newlines.)
-
-Blank lines are ignored.
-
-
-Keep alives
-~~~~~~~~~~~
-
-Both sides are expected to send at least one command every 5s or so, and
-should send a ``PING`` command if necessary. If either side do not receive a
-command within e.g. 15s then the connection should be closed.
-
-Because the server may be connected to manually using e.g. netcat, the timeouts
-aren't enabled until an initial ``PING`` command is seen. Both the client and
-server implementations below send a ``PING`` command immediately on connection to
-ensure the timeouts are enabled.
-
-This ensures that both sides can quickly realize if the tcp connection has gone
-and handle the situation appropriately.
-
-
-Start up
-~~~~~~~~
-
-When a new connection is made, the server:
-
-* Sends a ``SERVER`` command, which includes the identity of the server, allowing
-  the client to detect if its connected to the expected server
-* Sends a ``PING`` command as above, to enable the client to time out connections
-  promptly.
-
-The client:
-
-* Sends a ``NAME`` command, allowing the server to associate a human friendly
-  name with the connection. This is optional.
-* Sends a ``PING`` as above
-* For each stream the client wishes to subscribe to it sends a ``REPLICATE``
-  with the stream_name and token it wants to subscribe from.
-* On receipt of a ``SERVER`` command, checks that the server name matches the
-  expected server name.
-
-
-Error handling
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
-If either side detects an error it can send an ``ERROR`` command and close the
-connection.
-
-If the client side loses the connection to the server it should reconnect,
-following the steps above.
-
-
-Congestion
-~~~~~~~~~~
-
-If the server sends messages faster than the client can consume them the server
-will first buffer a (fairly large) number of commands and then disconnect the
-client. This ensures that we don't queue up an unbounded number of commands in
-memory and gives us a potential oppurtunity to squawk loudly. When/if the client
-recovers it can reconnect to the server and ask for missed messages.
-
-
-Reliability
-~~~~~~~~~~~
-
-In general the replication stream should be considered an unreliable transport
-since e.g. commands are not resent if the connection disappears.
-
-The exception to that are the replication streams, i.e. RDATA commands, since
-these include tokens which can be used to restart the stream on connection
-errors.
-
-The client should keep track of the token in the last RDATA command received
-for each stream so that on reconneciton it can start streaming from the correct
-place. Note: not all RDATA have valid tokens due to batching. See
-``RdataCommand`` for more details.
-
-Example
-~~~~~~~
-
-An example iteraction is shown below. Each line is prefixed with '>' or '<' to
-indicate which side is sending, these are *not* included on the wire::
-
-    * connection established *
-    > SERVER localhost:8823
-    > PING 1490197665618
-    < NAME synapse.app.appservice
-    < PING 1490197665618
-    < REPLICATE events 1
-    < REPLICATE backfill 1
-    < REPLICATE caches 1
-    > POSITION events 1
-    > POSITION backfill 1
-    > POSITION caches 1
-    > RDATA caches 2 ["get_user_by_id",["@01register-user:localhost:8823"],1490197670513]
-    > RDATA events 14 ["$149019767112vOHxz:localhost:8823",
-        "!AFDCvgApUmpdfVjIXm:localhost:8823","m.room.guest_access","",null]
-    < PING 1490197675618
-    > ERROR server stopping
-    * connection closed by server *
-
-The ``POSITION`` command sent by the server is used to set the clients position
-without needing to send data with the ``RDATA`` command.
-
-
-An example of a batched set of ``RDATA`` is::
-
-    > RDATA caches batch ["get_user_by_id",["@test:localhost:8823"],1490197670513]
-    > RDATA caches batch ["get_user_by_id",["@test2:localhost:8823"],1490197670513]
-    > RDATA caches batch ["get_user_by_id",["@test3:localhost:8823"],1490197670513]
-    > RDATA caches 54 ["get_user_by_id",["@test4:localhost:8823"],1490197670513]
-
-In this case the client shouldn't advance their caches token until it sees the
-the last ``RDATA``.
-
-
-List of commands
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
-The list of valid commands, with which side can send it: server (S) or client (C):
-
-SERVER (S)
-    Sent at the start to identify which server the client is talking to
-
-RDATA (S)
-    A single update in a stream
-
-POSITION (S)
-    The position of the stream has been updated. Sent to the client after all
-    missing updates for a stream have been sent to the client and they're now
-    up to date.
-
-ERROR (S, C)
-    There was an error
-
-PING (S, C)
-    Sent periodically to ensure the connection is still alive
-
-NAME (C)
-    Sent at the start by client to inform the server who they are
-
-REPLICATE (C)
-    Asks the server to replicate a given stream
-
-USER_SYNC (C)
-    A user has started or stopped syncing
-
-FEDERATION_ACK (C)
-    Acknowledge receipt of some federation data
-
-REMOVE_PUSHER (C)
-    Inform the server a pusher should be removed
-
-INVALIDATE_CACHE (C)
-    Inform the server a cache should be invalidated
-
-SYNC (S, C)
-    Used exclusively in tests
-
-
-See ``synapse/replication/tcp/commands.py`` for a detailed description and the
-format of each command.
-
-
-Cache Invalidation Stream
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
-The cache invalidation stream is used to inform workers when they need to
-invalidate any of their caches in the data store. This is done by streaming all
-cache invalidations done on master down to the workers, assuming that any caches
-on the workers also exist on the master.
-
-Each individual cache invalidation results in a row being sent down replication,
-which includes the cache name (the name of the function) and they key to
-invalidate. For example::
-
-    > RDATA caches 550953771 ["get_user_by_id", ["@bob:example.com"], 1550574873251]
-
-However, there are times when a number of caches need to be invalidated at the
-same time with the same key. To reduce traffic we batch those invalidations into
-a single poke by defining a special cache name that workers understand to mean
-to expand to invalidate the correct caches.
-
-Currently the special cache names are declared in ``synapse/storage/_base.py``
-and are:
-
-1. ``cs_cache_fake`` ─ invalidates caches that depend on the current state