Merge branch 'develop' into event_signing

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diff --git a/docs/client-server/howto.rst b/docs/client-server/howto.rst
deleted file mode 100644
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--- a/docs/client-server/howto.rst
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,637 +0,0 @@
-.. TODO kegan
-  Room config (specifically: message history,
-  public rooms). /register seems super simplistic compared to /login, maybe it
-  would be better if /register used the same technique as /login? /register should
-  be "user" not "user_id".
-
-
-How to use the client-server API
-================================
-
-This guide focuses on how the client-server APIs *provided by the reference 
-home server* can be used. Since this is specific to a home server 
-implementation, there may be variations in relation to registering/logging in
-which are not covered in extensive detail in this guide.
-
-If you haven't already, get a home server up and running on 
-``http://localhost:8008``.
-
-
-Accounts
-========
-Before you can send and receive messages, you must **register** for an account. 
-If you already have an account, you must **login** into it.
-
-`Try out the fiddle`__
-
-.. __: http://jsfiddle.net/gh/get/jquery/1.8.3/matrix-org/synapse/tree/master/jsfiddles/register_login
-
-Registration
-------------
-The aim of registration is to get a user ID and access token which you will need
-when accessing other APIs::
-
-    curl -XPOST -d '{"user":"example", "password":"wordpass", "type":"m.login.password"}' "http://localhost:8008/_matrix/client/api/v1/register"
-
-    {
-        "access_token": "QGV4YW1wbGU6bG9jYWxob3N0.AqdSzFmFYrLrTmteXc", 
-        "home_server": "localhost", 
-        "user_id": "@example:localhost"
-    }
-
-NB: If a ``user`` is not specified, one will be randomly generated for you. 
-If you do not specify a ``password``, you will be unable to login to the account
-if you forget the ``access_token``.
-
-Implementation note: The matrix specification does not enforce how users 
-register with a server. It just specifies the URL path and absolute minimum 
-keys. The reference home server uses a username/password to authenticate user,
-but other home servers may use different methods. This is why you need to
-specify the ``type`` of method.
-
-Login
------
-The aim when logging in is to get an access token for your existing user ID::
-
-    curl -XGET "http://localhost:8008/_matrix/client/api/v1/login"
-
-    {
-        "flows": [
-            {
-                "type": "m.login.password"
-            }
-        ]
-    }
-
-    curl -XPOST -d '{"type":"m.login.password", "user":"example", "password":"wordpass"}' "http://localhost:8008/_matrix/client/api/v1/login"
-
-    {
-        "access_token": "QGV4YW1wbGU6bG9jYWxob3N0.vRDLTgxefmKWQEtgGd", 
-        "home_server": "localhost", 
-        "user_id": "@example:localhost"
-    }
-    
-Implementation note: Different home servers may implement different methods for 
-logging in to an existing account. In order to check that you know how to login 
-to this home server, you must perform a ``GET`` first and make sure you 
-recognise the login type. If you do not know how to login, you can 
-``GET /login/fallback`` which will return a basic webpage which you can use to 
-login. The reference home server implementation support username/password login,
-but other home servers may support different login methods (e.g. OAuth2).
-
-
-Communicating
-=============
-
-In order to communicate with another user, you must **create a room** with that 
-user and **send a message** to that room. 
-
-`Try out the fiddle`__
-
-.. __: http://jsfiddle.net/gh/get/jquery/1.8.3/matrix-org/synapse/tree/master/jsfiddles/create_room_send_msg
-
-Creating a room
----------------
-If you want to send a message to someone, you have to be in a room with them. To
-create a room::
-
-    curl -XPOST -d '{"room_alias_name":"tutorial"}' "http://localhost:8008/_matrix/client/api/v1/createRoom?access_token=YOUR_ACCESS_TOKEN"
-
-    {
-        "room_alias": "#tutorial:localhost", 
-        "room_id": "!CvcvRuDYDzTOzfKKgh:localhost"
-    }
-    
-The "room alias" is a human-readable string which can be shared with other users
-so they can join a room, rather than the room ID which is a randomly generated
-string. You can have multiple room aliases per room.
-
-.. TODO(kegan)
-  How to add/remove aliases from an existing room.
-    
-
-Sending messages
-----------------
-You can now send messages to this room::
-
-    curl -XPOST -d '{"msgtype":"m.text", "body":"hello"}' "http://localhost:8008/_matrix/client/api/v1/rooms/%21CvcvRuDYDzTOzfKKgh%3Alocalhost/send/m.room.message?access_token=YOUR_ACCESS_TOKEN"
-    
-    {
-        "event_id": "YUwRidLecu"
-    }
-    
-The event ID returned is a unique ID which identifies this message.
-    
-NB: There are no limitations to the types of messages which can be exchanged.
-The only requirement is that ``"msgtype"`` is specified. The Matrix 
-specification outlines the following standard types: ``m.text``, ``m.image``,
-``m.audio``, ``m.video``, ``m.location``, ``m.emote``. See the specification for
-more information on these types.
-
-Users and rooms
-===============
-
-Each room can be configured to allow or disallow certain rules. In particular,
-these rules may specify if you require an **invitation** from someone already in
-the room in order to **join the room**. In addition, you may also be able to 
-join a room **via a room alias** if one was set up.
-
-`Try out the fiddle`__
-
-.. __: http://jsfiddle.net/gh/get/jquery/1.8.3/matrix-org/synapse/tree/master/jsfiddles/room_memberships
-
-Inviting a user to a room
--------------------------
-You can directly invite a user to a room like so::
-
-    curl -XPOST -d '{"user_id":"@myfriend:localhost"}' "http://localhost:8008/_matrix/client/api/v1/rooms/%21CvcvRuDYDzTOzfKKgh%3Alocalhost/invite?access_token=YOUR_ACCESS_TOKEN"
-    
-This informs ``@myfriend:localhost`` of the room ID 
-``!CvcvRuDYDzTOzfKKgh:localhost`` and allows them to join the room.
-
-Joining a room via an invite
-----------------------------
-If you receive an invite, you can join the room::
-
-    curl -XPOST -d '{}' "http://localhost:8008/_matrix/client/api/v1/rooms/%21CvcvRuDYDzTOzfKKgh%3Alocalhost/join?access_token=YOUR_ACCESS_TOKEN"
-    
-NB: Only the person invited (``@myfriend:localhost``) can change the membership
-state to ``"join"``. Repeatedly joining a room does nothing.
-
-Joining a room via an alias
----------------------------
-Alternatively, if you know the room alias for this room and the room config 
-allows it, you can directly join a room via the alias::
-
-    curl -XPOST -d '{}' "http://localhost:8008/_matrix/client/api/v1/join/%23tutorial%3Alocalhost?access_token=YOUR_ACCESS_TOKEN"
-    
-    {
-        "room_id": "!CvcvRuDYDzTOzfKKgh:localhost"
-    }
-    
-You will need to use the room ID when sending messages, not the room alias.
-
-NB: If the room is configured to be an invite-only room, you will still require
-an invite in order to join the room even though you know the room alias. As a
-result, it is more common to see a room alias in relation to a public room, 
-which do not require invitations.
-
-Getting events
-==============
-An event is some interesting piece of data that a client may be interested in. 
-It can be a message in a room, a room invite, etc. There are many different ways
-of getting events, depending on what the client already knows.
-
-`Try out the fiddle`__
-
-.. __: http://jsfiddle.net/gh/get/jquery/1.8.3/matrix-org/synapse/tree/master/jsfiddles/event_stream
-
-Getting all state
------------------
-If the client doesn't know any information on the rooms the user is 
-invited/joined on, they can get all the user's state for all rooms::
-
-    curl -XGET "http://localhost:8008/_matrix/client/api/v1/initialSync?access_token=YOUR_ACCESS_TOKEN"
-    
-    {
-        "end": "s39_18_0", 
-        "presence": [
-            {
-                "content": {
-                    "last_active_ago": 1061436, 
-                    "user_id": "@example:localhost"
-                }, 
-                "type": "m.presence"
-            }
-        ], 
-        "rooms": [
-            {
-                "membership": "join", 
-                "messages": {
-                    "chunk": [
-                        {
-                            "content": {
-                                "@example:localhost": 10, 
-                                "default": 0
-                            }, 
-                            "event_id": "wAumPSTsWF", 
-                            "required_power_level": 10, 
-                            "room_id": "!MkDbyRqnvTYnoxjLYx:localhost", 
-                            "state_key": "", 
-                            "ts": 1409665585188, 
-                            "type": "m.room.power_levels", 
-                            "user_id": "@example:localhost"
-                        }, 
-                        {
-                            "content": {
-                                "join_rule": "public"
-                            }, 
-                            "event_id": "jrLVqKHKiI", 
-                            "required_power_level": 10, 
-                            "room_id": "!MkDbyRqnvTYnoxjLYx:localhost", 
-                            "state_key": "", 
-                            "ts": 1409665585188, 
-                            "type": "m.room.join_rules", 
-                            "user_id": "@example:localhost"
-                        }, 
-                        {
-                            "content": {
-                                "level": 10
-                            }, 
-                            "event_id": "WpmTgsNWUZ", 
-                            "required_power_level": 10, 
-                            "room_id": "!MkDbyRqnvTYnoxjLYx:localhost", 
-                            "state_key": "", 
-                            "ts": 1409665585188, 
-                            "type": "m.room.add_state_level", 
-                            "user_id": "@example:localhost"
-                        }, 
-                        {
-                            "content": {
-                                "level": 0
-                            }, 
-                            "event_id": "qUMBJyKsTQ", 
-                            "required_power_level": 10, 
-                            "room_id": "!MkDbyRqnvTYnoxjLYx:localhost", 
-                            "state_key": "", 
-                            "ts": 1409665585188, 
-                            "type": "m.room.send_event_level", 
-                            "user_id": "@example:localhost"
-                        }, 
-                        {
-                            "content": {
-                                "ban_level": 5, 
-                                "kick_level": 5
-                            }, 
-                            "event_id": "YAaDmKvoUW", 
-                            "required_power_level": 10, 
-                            "room_id": "!MkDbyRqnvTYnoxjLYx:localhost", 
-                            "state_key": "", 
-                            "ts": 1409665585188, 
-                            "type": "m.room.ops_levels", 
-                            "user_id": "@example:localhost"
-                        }, 
-                        {
-                            "content": {
-                                "avatar_url": null, 
-                                "displayname": null, 
-                                "membership": "join"
-                            }, 
-                            "event_id": "RJbPMtCutf", 
-                            "membership": "join", 
-                            "room_id": "!MkDbyRqnvTYnoxjLYx:localhost", 
-                            "state_key": "@example:localhost", 
-                            "ts": 1409665586730, 
-                            "type": "m.room.member", 
-                            "user_id": "@example:localhost"
-                        }, 
-                        {
-                            "content": {
-                                "body": "hello", 
-                                "hsob_ts": 1409665660439, 
-                                "msgtype": "m.text"
-                            }, 
-                            "event_id": "YUwRidLecu", 
-                            "room_id": "!MkDbyRqnvTYnoxjLYx:localhost", 
-                            "ts": 1409665660439, 
-                            "type": "m.room.message", 
-                            "user_id": "@example:localhost"
-                        }, 
-                        {
-                            "content": {
-                                "membership": "invite"
-                            }, 
-                            "event_id": "YjNuBKnPsb", 
-                            "membership": "invite", 
-                            "room_id": "!MkDbyRqnvTYnoxjLYx:localhost", 
-                            "state_key": "@myfriend:localhost", 
-                            "ts": 1409666426819, 
-                            "type": "m.room.member", 
-                            "user_id": "@example:localhost"
-                        }, 
-                        {
-                            "content": {
-                                "avatar_url": null, 
-                                "displayname": null, 
-                                "membership": "join", 
-                                "prev": "join"
-                            }, 
-                            "event_id": "KWwdDjNZnm", 
-                            "membership": "join", 
-                            "room_id": "!MkDbyRqnvTYnoxjLYx:localhost", 
-                            "state_key": "@example:localhost", 
-                            "ts": 1409666551582, 
-                            "type": "m.room.member", 
-                            "user_id": "@example:localhost"
-                        }, 
-                        {
-                            "content": {
-                                "avatar_url": null, 
-                                "displayname": null, 
-                                "membership": "join"
-                            }, 
-                            "event_id": "JFLVteSvQc", 
-                            "membership": "join", 
-                            "room_id": "!MkDbyRqnvTYnoxjLYx:localhost", 
-                            "state_key": "@example:localhost", 
-                            "ts": 1409666587265, 
-                            "type": "m.room.member", 
-                            "user_id": "@example:localhost"
-                        }
-                    ], 
-                    "end": "s39_18_0", 
-                    "start": "t1-11_18_0"
-                }, 
-                "room_id": "!MkDbyRqnvTYnoxjLYx:localhost", 
-                "state": [
-                    {
-                        "content": {
-                            "creator": "@example:localhost"
-                        }, 
-                        "event_id": "dMUoqVTZca", 
-                        "required_power_level": 10, 
-                        "room_id": "!MkDbyRqnvTYnoxjLYx:localhost", 
-                        "state_key": "", 
-                        "ts": 1409665585188, 
-                        "type": "m.room.create", 
-                        "user_id": "@example:localhost"
-                    }, 
-                    {
-                        "content": {
-                            "@example:localhost": 10, 
-                            "default": 0
-                        }, 
-                        "event_id": "wAumPSTsWF", 
-                        "required_power_level": 10, 
-                        "room_id": "!MkDbyRqnvTYnoxjLYx:localhost", 
-                        "state_key": "", 
-                        "ts": 1409665585188, 
-                        "type": "m.room.power_levels", 
-                        "user_id": "@example:localhost"
-                    }, 
-                    {
-                        "content": {
-                            "join_rule": "public"
-                        }, 
-                        "event_id": "jrLVqKHKiI", 
-                        "required_power_level": 10, 
-                        "room_id": "!MkDbyRqnvTYnoxjLYx:localhost", 
-                        "state_key": "", 
-                        "ts": 1409665585188, 
-                        "type": "m.room.join_rules", 
-                        "user_id": "@example:localhost"
-                    }, 
-                    {
-                        "content": {
-                            "level": 10
-                        }, 
-                        "event_id": "WpmTgsNWUZ", 
-                        "required_power_level": 10, 
-                        "room_id": "!MkDbyRqnvTYnoxjLYx:localhost", 
-                        "state_key": "", 
-                        "ts": 1409665585188, 
-                        "type": "m.room.add_state_level", 
-                        "user_id": "@example:localhost"
-                    }, 
-                    {
-                        "content": {
-                            "level": 0
-                        }, 
-                        "event_id": "qUMBJyKsTQ", 
-                        "required_power_level": 10, 
-                        "room_id": "!MkDbyRqnvTYnoxjLYx:localhost", 
-                        "state_key": "", 
-                        "ts": 1409665585188, 
-                        "type": "m.room.send_event_level", 
-                        "user_id": "@example:localhost"
-                    }, 
-                    {
-                        "content": {
-                            "ban_level": 5, 
-                            "kick_level": 5
-                        }, 
-                        "event_id": "YAaDmKvoUW", 
-                        "required_power_level": 10, 
-                        "room_id": "!MkDbyRqnvTYnoxjLYx:localhost", 
-                        "state_key": "", 
-                        "ts": 1409665585188, 
-                        "type": "m.room.ops_levels", 
-                        "user_id": "@example:localhost"
-                    }, 
-                    {
-                        "content": {
-                            "membership": "invite"
-                        }, 
-                        "event_id": "YjNuBKnPsb", 
-                        "membership": "invite", 
-                        "room_id": "!MkDbyRqnvTYnoxjLYx:localhost", 
-                        "state_key": "@myfriend:localhost", 
-                        "ts": 1409666426819, 
-                        "type": "m.room.member", 
-                        "user_id": "@example:localhost"
-                    }, 
-                    {
-                        "content": {
-                            "avatar_url": null, 
-                            "displayname": null, 
-                            "membership": "join"
-                        }, 
-                        "event_id": "JFLVteSvQc", 
-                        "membership": "join", 
-                        "room_id": "!MkDbyRqnvTYnoxjLYx:localhost", 
-                        "state_key": "@example:localhost", 
-                        "ts": 1409666587265, 
-                        "type": "m.room.member", 
-                        "user_id": "@example:localhost"
-                    }
-                ]
-            }
-        ]
-    }
-    
-This returns all the room information the user is invited/joined on, as well as
-all of the presences relevant for these rooms. This can be a LOT of data. You
-may just want the most recent event for each room. This can be achieved by 
-applying query parameters to ``limit`` this request::
-
-    curl -XGET "http://localhost:8008/_matrix/client/api/v1/initialSync?limit=1&access_token=YOUR_ACCESS_TOKEN"
-    
-    {
-        "end": "s39_18_0", 
-        "presence": [
-            {
-                "content": {
-                    "last_active_ago": 1279484, 
-                    "user_id": "@example:localhost"
-                }, 
-                "type": "m.presence"
-            }
-        ], 
-        "rooms": [
-            {
-                "membership": "join", 
-                "messages": {
-                    "chunk": [
-                        {
-                            "content": {
-                                "avatar_url": null, 
-                                "displayname": null, 
-                                "membership": "join"
-                            }, 
-                            "event_id": "JFLVteSvQc", 
-                            "membership": "join", 
-                            "room_id": "!MkDbyRqnvTYnoxjLYx:localhost", 
-                            "state_key": "@example:localhost", 
-                            "ts": 1409666587265, 
-                            "type": "m.room.member", 
-                            "user_id": "@example:localhost"
-                        }
-                    ], 
-                    "end": "s39_18_0", 
-                    "start": "t10-30_18_0"
-                }, 
-                "room_id": "!MkDbyRqnvTYnoxjLYx:localhost", 
-                "state": [
-                    {
-                        "content": {
-                            "creator": "@example:localhost"
-                        }, 
-                        "event_id": "dMUoqVTZca", 
-                        "required_power_level": 10, 
-                        "room_id": "!MkDbyRqnvTYnoxjLYx:localhost", 
-                        "state_key": "", 
-                        "ts": 1409665585188, 
-                        "type": "m.room.create", 
-                        "user_id": "@example:localhost"
-                    }, 
-                    {
-                        "content": {
-                            "@example:localhost": 10, 
-                            "default": 0
-                        }, 
-                        "event_id": "wAumPSTsWF", 
-                        "required_power_level": 10, 
-                        "room_id": "!MkDbyRqnvTYnoxjLYx:localhost", 
-                        "state_key": "", 
-                        "ts": 1409665585188, 
-                        "type": "m.room.power_levels", 
-                        "user_id": "@example:localhost"
-                    }, 
-                    {
-                        "content": {
-                            "join_rule": "public"
-                        }, 
-                        "event_id": "jrLVqKHKiI", 
-                        "required_power_level": 10, 
-                        "room_id": "!MkDbyRqnvTYnoxjLYx:localhost", 
-                        "state_key": "", 
-                        "ts": 1409665585188, 
-                        "type": "m.room.join_rules", 
-                        "user_id": "@example:localhost"
-                    }, 
-                    {
-                        "content": {
-                            "level": 10
-                        }, 
-                        "event_id": "WpmTgsNWUZ", 
-                        "required_power_level": 10, 
-                        "room_id": "!MkDbyRqnvTYnoxjLYx:localhost", 
-                        "state_key": "", 
-                        "ts": 1409665585188, 
-                        "type": "m.room.add_state_level", 
-                        "user_id": "@example:localhost"
-                    }, 
-                    {
-                        "content": {
-                            "level": 0
-                        }, 
-                        "event_id": "qUMBJyKsTQ", 
-                        "required_power_level": 10, 
-                        "room_id": "!MkDbyRqnvTYnoxjLYx:localhost", 
-                        "state_key": "", 
-                        "ts": 1409665585188, 
-                        "type": "m.room.send_event_level", 
-                        "user_id": "@example:localhost"
-                    }, 
-                    {
-                        "content": {
-                            "ban_level": 5, 
-                            "kick_level": 5
-                        }, 
-                        "event_id": "YAaDmKvoUW", 
-                        "required_power_level": 10, 
-                        "room_id": "!MkDbyRqnvTYnoxjLYx:localhost", 
-                        "state_key": "", 
-                        "ts": 1409665585188, 
-                        "type": "m.room.ops_levels", 
-                        "user_id": "@example:localhost"
-                    }, 
-                    {
-                        "content": {
-                            "membership": "invite"
-                        }, 
-                        "event_id": "YjNuBKnPsb", 
-                        "membership": "invite", 
-                        "room_id": "!MkDbyRqnvTYnoxjLYx:localhost", 
-                        "state_key": "@myfriend:localhost", 
-                        "ts": 1409666426819, 
-                        "type": "m.room.member", 
-                        "user_id": "@example:localhost"
-                    }, 
-                    {
-                        "content": {
-                            "avatar_url": null, 
-                            "displayname": null, 
-                            "membership": "join"
-                        }, 
-                        "event_id": "JFLVteSvQc", 
-                        "membership": "join", 
-                        "room_id": "!MkDbyRqnvTYnoxjLYx:localhost", 
-                        "state_key": "@example:localhost", 
-                        "ts": 1409666587265, 
-                        "type": "m.room.member", 
-                        "user_id": "@example:localhost"
-                    }
-                ]
-            }
-        ]
-    }
-
-Getting live state
-------------------
-Once you know which rooms the client has previously interacted with, you need to
-listen for incoming events. This can be done like so::
-
-    curl -XGET "http://localhost:8008/_matrix/client/api/v1/events?access_token=YOUR_ACCESS_TOKEN"
-    
-    {
-        "chunk": [], 
-        "end": "s39_18_0", 
-        "start": "s39_18_0"
-    }
-    
-This will block waiting for an incoming event, timing out after several seconds.
-Even if there are no new events (as in the example above), there will be some
-pagination stream response keys. The client should make subsequent requests 
-using the value of the ``"end"`` key (in this case ``s39_18_0``) as the ``from`` 
-query parameter e.g. ``http://localhost:8008/_matrix/client/api/v1/events?access
-_token=YOUR_ACCESS_TOKEN&from=s39_18_0``. This value should be stored so when the 
-client reopens your app after a period of inactivity, you can resume from where 
-you got up to in the event stream. If it has been a long period of inactivity, 
-there may be LOTS of events waiting for the user. In this case, you may wish to 
-get all state instead and then resume getting live state from a newer end token.
-
-NB: The timeout can be changed by adding a ``timeout`` query parameter, which is
-in milliseconds. A timeout of 0 will not block.
-
-
-Example application
--------------------
-The following example demonstrates registration and login, live event streaming,
-creating and joining rooms, sending messages, getting member lists and getting 
-historical messages for a room. This covers most functionality of a messaging
-application.
-
-`Try out the fiddle`__
-
-.. __: http://jsfiddle.net/gh/get/jquery/1.8.3/matrix-org/synapse/tree/master/jsfiddles/example_app