Merge branch 'develop' into rav/saml2_client

10 files changed, 7399 insertions, 507 deletions

diff --git a/contrib/cmdclient/console.py b/contrib/cmdclient/console.py
index 4918fa1a9a..af8f39c8c2 100755
--- a/contrib/cmdclient/console.py
+++ b/contrib/cmdclient/console.py
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 # limitations under the License.
 
 """ Starts a synapse client console. """
+from __future__ import print_function
 
 from twisted.internet import reactor, defer, threads
 from http import TwistedHttpClient
@@ -36,9 +37,8 @@ from signedjson.sign import verify_signed_json, SignatureVerifyException
 
 CONFIG_JSON = "cmdclient_config.json"
 
-TRUSTED_ID_SERVERS = [
-    'localhost:8001'
-]
+TRUSTED_ID_SERVERS = ["localhost:8001"]
+
 
 class SynapseCmd(cmd.Cmd):
 
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ class SynapseCmd(cmd.Cmd):
             "token": token,
             "verbose": "on",
             "complete_usernames": "on",
-            "send_delivery_receipts": "on"
+            "send_delivery_receipts": "on",
         }
         self.path_prefix = "/_matrix/client/api/v1"
         self.event_stream_token = "END"
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ class SynapseCmd(cmd.Cmd):
         by using $. E.g. 'config roomid room1' then 'raw get /rooms/$roomid'.
         """
         if len(line) == 0:
-            print json.dumps(self.config, indent=4)
+            print(json.dumps(self.config, indent=4))
             return
 
         try:
@@ -119,12 +119,11 @@ class SynapseCmd(cmd.Cmd):
             config_rules = [  # key, valid_values
                 ("verbose", ["on", "off"]),
                 ("complete_usernames", ["on", "off"]),
-                ("send_delivery_receipts", ["on", "off"])
+                ("send_delivery_receipts", ["on", "off"]),
             ]
             for key, valid_vals in config_rules:
                 if key == args["key"] and args["val"] not in valid_vals:
-                    print "%s value must be one of %s" % (args["key"],
-                                                          valid_vals)
+                    print("%s value must be one of %s" % (args["key"], valid_vals))
                     return
 
             # toggle the http client verbosity
@@ -133,11 +132,11 @@ class SynapseCmd(cmd.Cmd):
 
             # assign the new config
             self.config[args["key"]] = args["val"]
-            print json.dumps(self.config, indent=4)
+            print(json.dumps(self.config, indent=4))
 
             save_config(self.config)
         except Exception as e:
-            print e
+            print(e)
 
     def do_register(self, line):
         """Registers for a new account: "register <userid> <noupdate>"
@@ -153,33 +152,32 @@ class SynapseCmd(cmd.Cmd):
             pwd = getpass.getpass("Type a password for this user: ")
             pwd2 = getpass.getpass("Retype the password: ")
             if pwd != pwd2 or len(pwd) == 0:
-                print "Password mismatch."
+                print("Password mismatch.")
                 pwd = None
             else:
                 password = pwd
 
-        body = {
-            "type": "m.login.password"
-        }
+        body = {"type": "m.login.password"}
         if "userid" in args:
             body["user"] = args["userid"]
         if password:
             body["password"] = password
 
-        reactor.callFromThread(self._do_register, body,
-                               "noupdate" not in args)
+        reactor.callFromThread(self._do_register, body, "noupdate" not in args)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _do_register(self, data, update_config):
         # check the registration flows
         url = self._url() + "/register"
         json_res = yield self.http_client.do_request("GET", url)
-        print json.dumps(json_res, indent=4)
+        print(json.dumps(json_res, indent=4))
 
         passwordFlow = None
         for flow in json_res["flows"]:
-            if flow["type"] == "m.login.recaptcha" or ("stages" in flow and "m.login.recaptcha" in flow["stages"]):
-                print "Unable to register: Home server requires captcha."
+            if flow["type"] == "m.login.recaptcha" or (
+                "stages" in flow and "m.login.recaptcha" in flow["stages"]
+            ):
+                print("Unable to register: Home server requires captcha.")
                 return
             if flow["type"] == "m.login.password" and "stages" not in flow:
                 passwordFlow = flow
@@ -189,7 +187,7 @@ class SynapseCmd(cmd.Cmd):
             return
 
         json_res = yield self.http_client.do_request("POST", url, data=data)
-        print json.dumps(json_res, indent=4)
+        print(json.dumps(json_res, indent=4))
         if update_config and "user_id" in json_res:
             self.config["user"] = json_res["user_id"]
             self.config["token"] = json_res["access_token"]
@@ -201,9 +199,7 @@ class SynapseCmd(cmd.Cmd):
         """
         try:
             args = self._parse(line, ["user_id"], force_keys=True)
-            can_login = threads.blockingCallFromThread(
-                reactor,
-                self._check_can_login)
+            can_login = threads.blockingCallFromThread(reactor, self._check_can_login)
             if can_login:
                 p = getpass.getpass("Enter your password: ")
                 user = args["user_id"]
@@ -211,29 +207,25 @@ class SynapseCmd(cmd.Cmd):
                     domain = self._domain()
                     if domain:
                         user = "@" + user + ":" + domain
-                
+
                 reactor.callFromThread(self._do_login, user, p)
-                #print " got %s " % p
+                # print " got %s " % p
         except Exception as e:
-            print e
+            print(e)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _do_login(self, user, password):
         path = "/login"
-        data = {
-            "user": user,
-            "password": password,
-            "type": "m.login.password"
-        }
+        data = {"user": user, "password": password, "type": "m.login.password"}
         url = self._url() + path
         json_res = yield self.http_client.do_request("POST", url, data=data)
-        print json_res
+        print(json_res)
 
         if "access_token" in json_res:
             self.config["user"] = user
             self.config["token"] = json_res["access_token"]
             save_config(self.config)
-            print "Login successful."
+            print("Login successful.")
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _check_can_login(self):
@@ -242,18 +234,19 @@ class SynapseCmd(cmd.Cmd):
         # submitting!
         url = self._url() + path
         json_res = yield self.http_client.do_request("GET", url)
-        print json_res
+        print(json_res)
 
         if "flows" not in json_res:
-            print "Failed to find any login flows."
+            print("Failed to find any login flows.")
             defer.returnValue(False)
 
-        flow = json_res["flows"][0] # assume first is the one we want.
-        if ("type" not in flow or "m.login.password" != flow["type"] or
-                "stages" in flow):
+        flow = json_res["flows"][0]  # assume first is the one we want.
+        if "type" not in flow or "m.login.password" != flow["type"] or "stages" in flow:
             fallback_url = self._url() + "/login/fallback"
-            print ("Unable to login via the command line client. Please visit "
-                "%s to login." % fallback_url)
+            print(
+                "Unable to login via the command line client. Please visit "
+                "%s to login." % fallback_url
+            )
             defer.returnValue(False)
         defer.returnValue(True)
 
@@ -263,21 +256,33 @@ class SynapseCmd(cmd.Cmd):
         <clientSecret> A string of characters generated when requesting an email that you'll supply in subsequent calls to identify yourself
         <sendAttempt> The number of times the user has requested an email. Leave this the same between requests to retry the request at the transport level. Increment it to request that the email be sent again.
         """
-        args = self._parse(line, ['address', 'clientSecret', 'sendAttempt'])
+        args = self._parse(line, ["address", "clientSecret", "sendAttempt"])
 
-        postArgs = {'email': args['address'], 'clientSecret': args['clientSecret'], 'sendAttempt': args['sendAttempt']}
+        postArgs = {
+            "email": args["address"],
+            "clientSecret": args["clientSecret"],
+            "sendAttempt": args["sendAttempt"],
+        }
 
         reactor.callFromThread(self._do_emailrequest, postArgs)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _do_emailrequest(self, args):
-        url = self._identityServerUrl()+"/_matrix/identity/api/v1/validate/email/requestToken"
-
-        json_res = yield self.http_client.do_request("POST", url, data=urllib.urlencode(args), jsonreq=False,
-                                                     headers={'Content-Type': ['application/x-www-form-urlencoded']})
-        print json_res
-        if 'sid' in json_res:
-            print "Token sent. Your session ID is %s" % (json_res['sid'])
+        url = (
+            self._identityServerUrl()
+            + "/_matrix/identity/api/v1/validate/email/requestToken"
+        )
+
+        json_res = yield self.http_client.do_request(
+            "POST",
+            url,
+            data=urllib.urlencode(args),
+            jsonreq=False,
+            headers={"Content-Type": ["application/x-www-form-urlencoded"]},
+        )
+        print(json_res)
+        if "sid" in json_res:
+            print("Token sent. Your session ID is %s" % (json_res["sid"]))
 
     def do_emailvalidate(self, line):
         """Validate and associate a third party ID
@@ -285,39 +290,56 @@ class SynapseCmd(cmd.Cmd):
         <token> The token sent to your third party identifier address
         <clientSecret> The same clientSecret you supplied in requestToken
         """
-        args = self._parse(line, ['sid', 'token', 'clientSecret'])
+        args = self._parse(line, ["sid", "token", "clientSecret"])
 
-        postArgs = { 'sid' : args['sid'], 'token' : args['token'], 'clientSecret': args['clientSecret'] }
+        postArgs = {
+            "sid": args["sid"],
+            "token": args["token"],
+            "clientSecret": args["clientSecret"],
+        }
 
         reactor.callFromThread(self._do_emailvalidate, postArgs)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _do_emailvalidate(self, args):
-        url = self._identityServerUrl()+"/_matrix/identity/api/v1/validate/email/submitToken"
-
-        json_res = yield self.http_client.do_request("POST", url, data=urllib.urlencode(args), jsonreq=False,
-                                                     headers={'Content-Type': ['application/x-www-form-urlencoded']})
-        print json_res
+        url = (
+            self._identityServerUrl()
+            + "/_matrix/identity/api/v1/validate/email/submitToken"
+        )
+
+        json_res = yield self.http_client.do_request(
+            "POST",
+            url,
+            data=urllib.urlencode(args),
+            jsonreq=False,
+            headers={"Content-Type": ["application/x-www-form-urlencoded"]},
+        )
+        print(json_res)
 
     def do_3pidbind(self, line):
         """Validate and associate a third party ID
         <sid> The session ID (sid) given to you in the response to requestToken
         <clientSecret> The same clientSecret you supplied in requestToken
         """
-        args = self._parse(line, ['sid', 'clientSecret'])
+        args = self._parse(line, ["sid", "clientSecret"])
 
-        postArgs = { 'sid' : args['sid'], 'clientSecret': args['clientSecret'] }
-        postArgs['mxid'] = self.config["user"]
+        postArgs = {"sid": args["sid"], "clientSecret": args["clientSecret"]}
+        postArgs["mxid"] = self.config["user"]
 
         reactor.callFromThread(self._do_3pidbind, postArgs)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _do_3pidbind(self, args):
-        url = self._identityServerUrl()+"/_matrix/identity/api/v1/3pid/bind"
+        url = self._identityServerUrl() + "/_matrix/identity/api/v1/3pid/bind"
 
-        json_res = yield self.http_client.do_request("POST", url, data=urllib.urlencode(args), jsonreq=False,
-                                                     headers={'Content-Type': ['application/x-www-form-urlencoded']})
-        print json_res
+        json_res = yield self.http_client.do_request(
+            "POST",
+            url,
+            data=urllib.urlencode(args),
+            jsonreq=False,
+            headers={"Content-Type": ["application/x-www-form-urlencoded"]},
+        )
+        print(json_res)
 
     def do_join(self, line):
         """Joins a room: "join <roomid>" """
@@ -325,7 +347,7 @@ class SynapseCmd(cmd.Cmd):
             args = self._parse(line, ["roomid"], force_keys=True)
             self._do_membership_change(args["roomid"], "join", self._usr())
         except Exception as e:
-            print e
+            print(e)
 
     def do_joinalias(self, line):
         try:
@@ -333,7 +355,7 @@ class SynapseCmd(cmd.Cmd):
             path = "/join/%s" % urllib.quote(args["roomname"])
             reactor.callFromThread(self._run_and_pprint, "POST", path, {})
         except Exception as e:
-            print e
+            print(e)
 
     def do_topic(self, line):
         """"topic [set|get] <roomid> [<newtopic>]"
@@ -343,26 +365,24 @@ class SynapseCmd(cmd.Cmd):
         try:
             args = self._parse(line, ["action", "roomid", "topic"])
             if "action" not in args or "roomid" not in args:
-                print "Must specify set|get and a room ID."
+                print("Must specify set|get and a room ID.")
                 return
             if args["action"].lower() not in ["set", "get"]:
-                print "Must specify set|get, not %s" % args["action"]
+                print("Must specify set|get, not %s" % args["action"])
                 return
 
             path = "/rooms/%s/topic" % urllib.quote(args["roomid"])
 
             if args["action"].lower() == "set":
                 if "topic" not in args:
-                    print "Must specify a new topic."
+                    print("Must specify a new topic.")
                     return
-                body = {
-                    "topic": args["topic"]
-                }
+                body = {"topic": args["topic"]}
                 reactor.callFromThread(self._run_and_pprint, "PUT", path, body)
             elif args["action"].lower() == "get":
                 reactor.callFromThread(self._run_and_pprint, "GET", path)
         except Exception as e:
-            print e
+            print(e)
 
     def do_invite(self, line):
         """Invite a user to a room: "invite <userid> <roomid>" """
@@ -373,49 +393,64 @@ class SynapseCmd(cmd.Cmd):
 
             reactor.callFromThread(self._do_invite, args["roomid"], user_id)
         except Exception as e:
-            print e
+            print(e)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _do_invite(self, roomid, userstring):
-        if (not userstring.startswith('@') and
-                    self._is_on("complete_usernames")):
-            url = self._identityServerUrl()+"/_matrix/identity/api/v1/lookup"
+        if not userstring.startswith("@") and self._is_on("complete_usernames"):
+            url = self._identityServerUrl() + "/_matrix/identity/api/v1/lookup"
 
-            json_res = yield self.http_client.do_request("GET", url, qparams={'medium':'email','address':userstring})
+            json_res = yield self.http_client.do_request(
+                "GET", url, qparams={"medium": "email", "address": userstring}
+            )
 
             mxid = None
 
-            if 'mxid' in json_res and 'signatures' in json_res:
-                url = self._identityServerUrl()+"/_matrix/identity/api/v1/pubkey/ed25519"
+            if "mxid" in json_res and "signatures" in json_res:
+                url = (
+                    self._identityServerUrl()
+                    + "/_matrix/identity/api/v1/pubkey/ed25519"
+                )
 
                 pubKey = None
                 pubKeyObj = yield self.http_client.do_request("GET", url)
-                if 'public_key' in pubKeyObj:
-                    pubKey = nacl.signing.VerifyKey(pubKeyObj['public_key'], encoder=nacl.encoding.HexEncoder)
+                if "public_key" in pubKeyObj:
+                    pubKey = nacl.signing.VerifyKey(
+                        pubKeyObj["public_key"], encoder=nacl.encoding.HexEncoder
+                    )
                 else:
-                    print "No public key found in pubkey response!"
+                    print("No public key found in pubkey response!")
 
                 sigValid = False
 
                 if pubKey:
-                    for signame in json_res['signatures']:
+                    for signame in json_res["signatures"]:
                         if signame not in TRUSTED_ID_SERVERS:
-                            print "Ignoring signature from untrusted server %s" % (signame)
+                            print(
+                                "Ignoring signature from untrusted server %s"
+                                % (signame)
+                            )
                         else:
                             try:
                                 verify_signed_json(json_res, signame, pubKey)
                                 sigValid = True
-                                print "Mapping %s -> %s correctly signed by %s" % (userstring, json_res['mxid'], signame)
+                                print(
+                                    "Mapping %s -> %s correctly signed by %s"
+                                    % (userstring, json_res["mxid"], signame)
+                                )
                                 break
                             except SignatureVerifyException as e:
-                                print "Invalid signature from %s" % (signame)
-                                print e
+                                print("Invalid signature from %s" % (signame))
+                                print(e)
 
                 if sigValid:
-                    print "Resolved 3pid %s to %s" % (userstring, json_res['mxid'])
-                    mxid = json_res['mxid']
+                    print("Resolved 3pid %s to %s" % (userstring, json_res["mxid"]))
+                    mxid = json_res["mxid"]
                 else:
-                    print "Got association for %s but couldn't verify signature" % (userstring)
+                    print(
+                        "Got association for %s but couldn't verify signature"
+                        % (userstring)
+                    )
 
             if not mxid:
                 mxid = "@" + userstring + ":" + self._domain()
@@ -428,18 +463,17 @@ class SynapseCmd(cmd.Cmd):
             args = self._parse(line, ["roomid"], force_keys=True)
             self._do_membership_change(args["roomid"], "leave", self._usr())
         except Exception as e:
-            print e
+            print(e)
 
     def do_send(self, line):
         """Sends a message. "send <roomid> <body>" """
         args = self._parse(line, ["roomid", "body"])
         txn_id = "txn%s" % int(time.time())
-        path = "/rooms/%s/send/m.room.message/%s" % (urllib.quote(args["roomid"]),
-                                             txn_id)
-        body_json = {
-            "msgtype": "m.text",
-            "body": args["body"]
-        }
+        path = "/rooms/%s/send/m.room.message/%s" % (
+            urllib.quote(args["roomid"]),
+            txn_id,
+        )
+        body_json = {"msgtype": "m.text", "body": args["body"]}
         reactor.callFromThread(self._run_and_pprint, "PUT", path, body_json)
 
     def do_list(self, line):
@@ -453,10 +487,10 @@ class SynapseCmd(cmd.Cmd):
         """
         args = self._parse(line, ["type", "roomid", "qp"])
         if not "type" in args or not "roomid" in args:
-            print "Must specify type and room ID."
+            print("Must specify type and room ID.")
             return
         if args["type"] not in ["members", "messages"]:
-            print "Unrecognised type: %s" % args["type"]
+            print("Unrecognised type: %s" % args["type"])
             return
         room_id = args["roomid"]
         path = "/rooms/%s/%s" % (urllib.quote(room_id), args["type"])
@@ -468,11 +502,10 @@ class SynapseCmd(cmd.Cmd):
                     key_value = key_value_str.split("=")
                     qp[key_value[0]] = key_value[1]
                 except:
-                    print "Bad query param: %s" % key_value
+                    print("Bad query param: %s" % key_value)
                     return
 
-        reactor.callFromThread(self._run_and_pprint, "GET", path,
-                               query_params=qp)
+        reactor.callFromThread(self._run_and_pprint, "GET", path, query_params=qp)
 
     def do_create(self, line):
         """Creates a room.
@@ -508,14 +541,22 @@ class SynapseCmd(cmd.Cmd):
         args = self._parse(line, ["method", "path", "data"])
         # sanity check
         if "method" not in args or "path" not in args:
-            print "Must specify path and method."
+            print("Must specify path and method.")
             return
 
         args["method"] = args["method"].upper()
-        valid_methods = ["PUT", "GET", "POST", "DELETE",
-                         "XPUT", "XGET", "XPOST", "XDELETE"]
+        valid_methods = [
+            "PUT",
+            "GET",
+            "POST",
+            "DELETE",
+            "XPUT",
+            "XGET",
+            "XPOST",
+            "XDELETE",
+        ]
         if args["method"] not in valid_methods:
-            print "Unsupported method: %s" % args["method"]
+            print("Unsupported method: %s" % args["method"])
             return
 
         if "data" not in args:
@@ -524,7 +565,7 @@ class SynapseCmd(cmd.Cmd):
             try:
                 args["data"] = json.loads(args["data"])
             except Exception as e:
-                print "Data is not valid JSON. %s" % e
+                print("Data is not valid JSON. %s" % e)
                 return
 
         qp = {"access_token": self._tok()}
@@ -540,10 +581,13 @@ class SynapseCmd(cmd.Cmd):
             except:
                 pass
 
-        reactor.callFromThread(self._run_and_pprint, args["method"],
-                                                     args["path"],
-                                                     args["data"],
-                                                     query_params=qp)
+        reactor.callFromThread(
+            self._run_and_pprint,
+            args["method"],
+            args["path"],
+            args["data"],
+            query_params=qp,
+        )
 
     def do_stream(self, line):
         """Stream data from the server: "stream <longpoll timeout ms>" """
@@ -553,26 +597,29 @@ class SynapseCmd(cmd.Cmd):
             try:
                 timeout = int(args["timeout"])
             except ValueError:
-                print "Timeout must be in milliseconds."
+                print("Timeout must be in milliseconds.")
                 return
         reactor.callFromThread(self._do_event_stream, timeout)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _do_event_stream(self, timeout):
         res = yield self.http_client.get_json(
-                self._url() + "/events",
-                {
-                    "access_token": self._tok(),
-                    "timeout": str(timeout),
-                    "from": self.event_stream_token
-                })
-        print json.dumps(res, indent=4)
+            self._url() + "/events",
+            {
+                "access_token": self._tok(),
+                "timeout": str(timeout),
+                "from": self.event_stream_token,
+            },
+        )
+        print(json.dumps(res, indent=4))
 
         if "chunk" in res:
             for event in res["chunk"]:
-                if (event["type"] == "m.room.message" and
-                        self._is_on("send_delivery_receipts") and
-                        event["user_id"] != self._usr()):  # not sent by us
+                if (
+                    event["type"] == "m.room.message"
+                    and self._is_on("send_delivery_receipts")
+                    and event["user_id"] != self._usr()
+                ):  # not sent by us
                     self._send_receipt(event, "d")
 
         # update the position in the stram
@@ -580,18 +627,28 @@ class SynapseCmd(cmd.Cmd):
             self.event_stream_token = res["end"]
 
     def _send_receipt(self, event, feedback_type):
-        path = ("/rooms/%s/messages/%s/%s/feedback/%s/%s" %
-               (urllib.quote(event["room_id"]), event["user_id"], event["msg_id"],
-                self._usr(), feedback_type))
+        path = "/rooms/%s/messages/%s/%s/feedback/%s/%s" % (
+            urllib.quote(event["room_id"]),
+            event["user_id"],
+            event["msg_id"],
+            self._usr(),
+            feedback_type,
+        )
         data = {}
-        reactor.callFromThread(self._run_and_pprint, "PUT", path, data=data,
-                               alt_text="Sent receipt for %s" % event["msg_id"])
+        reactor.callFromThread(
+            self._run_and_pprint,
+            "PUT",
+            path,
+            data=data,
+            alt_text="Sent receipt for %s" % event["msg_id"],
+        )
 
     def _do_membership_change(self, roomid, membership, userid):
-        path = "/rooms/%s/state/m.room.member/%s" % (urllib.quote(roomid), urllib.quote(userid))
-        data = {
-            "membership": membership
-        }
+        path = "/rooms/%s/state/m.room.member/%s" % (
+            urllib.quote(roomid),
+            urllib.quote(userid),
+        )
+        data = {"membership": membership}
         reactor.callFromThread(self._run_and_pprint, "PUT", path, data=data)
 
     def do_displayname(self, line):
@@ -644,15 +701,20 @@ class SynapseCmd(cmd.Cmd):
         for i, arg in enumerate(line_args):
             for config_key in self.config:
                 if ("$" + config_key) in arg:
-                    arg = arg.replace("$" + config_key,
-                                      self.config[config_key])
+                    arg = arg.replace("$" + config_key, self.config[config_key])
             line_args[i] = arg
 
         return dict(zip(keys, line_args))
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _run_and_pprint(self, method, path, data=None,
-                        query_params={"access_token": None}, alt_text=None):
+    def _run_and_pprint(
+        self,
+        method,
+        path,
+        data=None,
+        query_params={"access_token": None},
+        alt_text=None,
+    ):
         """ Runs an HTTP request and pretty prints the output.
 
         Args:
@@ -665,31 +727,31 @@ class SynapseCmd(cmd.Cmd):
         if "access_token" in query_params:
             query_params["access_token"] = self._tok()
 
-        json_res = yield self.http_client.do_request(method, url,
-                                                    data=data,
-                                                    qparams=query_params)
+        json_res = yield self.http_client.do_request(
+            method, url, data=data, qparams=query_params
+        )
         if alt_text:
-            print alt_text
+            print(alt_text)
         else:
-            print json.dumps(json_res, indent=4)
+            print(json.dumps(json_res, indent=4))
 
 
 def save_config(config):
-    with open(CONFIG_JSON, 'w') as out:
+    with open(CONFIG_JSON, "w") as out:
         json.dump(config, out)
 
 
 def main(server_url, identity_server_url, username, token, config_path):
-    print "Synapse command line client"
-    print "==========================="
-    print "Server: %s" % server_url
-    print "Type 'help' to get started."
-    print "Close this console with CTRL+C then CTRL+D."
+    print("Synapse command line client")
+    print("===========================")
+    print("Server: %s" % server_url)
+    print("Type 'help' to get started.")
+    print("Close this console with CTRL+C then CTRL+D.")
     if not username or not token:
-        print "-  'register <username>' - Register an account"
-        print "-  'stream' - Connect to the event stream"
-        print "-  'create <roomid>' - Create a room"
-        print "-  'send <roomid> <message>' - Send a message"
+        print("-  'register <username>' - Register an account")
+        print("-  'stream' - Connect to the event stream")
+        print("-  'create <roomid>' - Create a room")
+        print("-  'send <roomid> <message>' - Send a message")
     http_client = TwistedHttpClient()
 
     # the command line client
@@ -699,13 +761,13 @@ def main(server_url, identity_server_url, username, token, config_path):
     global CONFIG_JSON
     CONFIG_JSON = config_path  # bit cheeky, but just overwrite the global
     try:
-        with open(config_path, 'r') as config:
+        with open(config_path, "r") as config:
             syn_cmd.config = json.load(config)
             try:
                 http_client.verbose = "on" == syn_cmd.config["verbose"]
             except:
                 pass
-            print "Loaded config from %s" % config_path
+            print("Loaded config from %s" % config_path)
     except:
         pass
 
@@ -716,27 +778,37 @@ def main(server_url, identity_server_url, username, token, config_path):
     reactor.run()
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     parser = argparse.ArgumentParser("Starts a synapse client.")
     parser.add_argument(
-        "-s", "--server", dest="server", default="http://localhost:8008",
-        help="The URL of the home server to talk to.")
-    parser.add_argument(
-        "-i", "--identity-server", dest="identityserver", default="http://localhost:8090",
-        help="The URL of the identity server to talk to.")
+        "-s",
+        "--server",
+        dest="server",
+        default="http://localhost:8008",
+        help="The URL of the home server to talk to.",
+    )
     parser.add_argument(
-        "-u", "--username", dest="username",
-        help="Your username on the server.")
+        "-i",
+        "--identity-server",
+        dest="identityserver",
+        default="http://localhost:8090",
+        help="The URL of the identity server to talk to.",
+    )
     parser.add_argument(
-        "-t", "--token", dest="token",
-        help="Your access token.")
+        "-u", "--username", dest="username", help="Your username on the server."
+    )
+    parser.add_argument("-t", "--token", dest="token", help="Your access token.")
     parser.add_argument(
-        "-c", "--config", dest="config", default=CONFIG_JSON,
-        help="The location of the config.json file to read from.")
+        "-c",
+        "--config",
+        dest="config",
+        default=CONFIG_JSON,
+        help="The location of the config.json file to read from.",
+    )
     args = parser.parse_args()
 
     if not args.server:
-        print "You must supply a server URL to communicate with."
+        print("You must supply a server URL to communicate with.")
         parser.print_help()
         sys.exit(1)
 
diff --git a/contrib/cmdclient/http.py b/contrib/cmdclient/http.py
index c833f3f318..0e101d2be5 100644
--- a/contrib/cmdclient/http.py
+++ b/contrib/cmdclient/http.py
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
+from __future__ import print_function
 from twisted.web.client import Agent, readBody
 from twisted.web.http_headers import Headers
 from twisted.internet import defer, reactor
@@ -72,9 +73,7 @@ class TwistedHttpClient(HttpClient):
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def put_json(self, url, data):
         response = yield self._create_put_request(
-            url,
-            data,
-            headers_dict={"Content-Type": ["application/json"]}
+            url, data, headers_dict={"Content-Type": ["application/json"]}
         )
         body = yield readBody(response)
         defer.returnValue((response.code, body))
@@ -94,40 +93,34 @@ class TwistedHttpClient(HttpClient):
         """
 
         if "Content-Type" not in headers_dict:
-            raise defer.error(
-                RuntimeError("Must include Content-Type header for PUTs"))
+            raise defer.error(RuntimeError("Must include Content-Type header for PUTs"))
 
         return self._create_request(
-            "PUT",
-            url,
-            producer=_JsonProducer(json_data),
-            headers_dict=headers_dict
+            "PUT", url, producer=_JsonProducer(json_data), headers_dict=headers_dict
         )
 
     def _create_get_request(self, url, headers_dict={}):
         """ Wrapper of _create_request to issue a GET request
         """
-        return self._create_request(
-            "GET",
-            url,
-            headers_dict=headers_dict
-        )
+        return self._create_request("GET", url, headers_dict=headers_dict)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def do_request(self, method, url, data=None, qparams=None, jsonreq=True, headers={}):
+    def do_request(
+        self, method, url, data=None, qparams=None, jsonreq=True, headers={}
+    ):
         if qparams:
             url = "%s?%s" % (url, urllib.urlencode(qparams, True))
 
         if jsonreq:
             prod = _JsonProducer(data)
-            headers['Content-Type'] = ["application/json"];
+            headers["Content-Type"] = ["application/json"]
         else:
             prod = _RawProducer(data)
 
         if method in ["POST", "PUT"]:
-            response = yield self._create_request(method, url,
-                    producer=prod,
-                    headers_dict=headers)
+            response = yield self._create_request(
+                method, url, producer=prod, headers_dict=headers
+            )
         else:
             response = yield self._create_request(method, url)
 
@@ -141,27 +134,24 @@ class TwistedHttpClient(HttpClient):
         headers_dict["User-Agent"] = ["Synapse Cmd Client"]
 
         retries_left = 5
-        print "%s to %s with headers %s" % (method, url, headers_dict)
+        print("%s to %s with headers %s" % (method, url, headers_dict))
         if self.verbose and producer:
             if "password" in producer.data:
                 temp = producer.data["password"]
                 producer.data["password"] = "[REDACTED]"
-                print json.dumps(producer.data, indent=4)
+                print(json.dumps(producer.data, indent=4))
                 producer.data["password"] = temp
             else:
-                print json.dumps(producer.data, indent=4)
+                print(json.dumps(producer.data, indent=4))
 
         while True:
             try:
                 response = yield self.agent.request(
-                    method,
-                    url.encode("UTF8"),
-                    Headers(headers_dict),
-                    producer
+                    method, url.encode("UTF8"), Headers(headers_dict), producer
                 )
                 break
             except Exception as e:
-                print "uh oh: %s" % e
+                print("uh oh: %s" % e)
                 if retries_left:
                     yield self.sleep(2 ** (5 - retries_left))
                     retries_left -= 1
@@ -169,8 +159,8 @@ class TwistedHttpClient(HttpClient):
                     raise e
 
         if self.verbose:
-            print "Status %s %s" % (response.code, response.phrase)
-            print pformat(list(response.headers.getAllRawHeaders()))
+            print("Status %s %s" % (response.code, response.phrase))
+            print(pformat(list(response.headers.getAllRawHeaders())))
         defer.returnValue(response)
 
     def sleep(self, seconds):
@@ -178,6 +168,7 @@ class TwistedHttpClient(HttpClient):
         reactor.callLater(seconds, d.callback, seconds)
         return d
 
+
 class _RawProducer(object):
     def __init__(self, data):
         self.data = data
@@ -194,9 +185,11 @@ class _RawProducer(object):
     def stopProducing(self):
         pass
 
+
 class _JsonProducer(object):
     """ Used by the twisted http client to create the HTTP body from json
     """
+
     def __init__(self, jsn):
         self.data = jsn
         self.body = json.dumps(jsn).encode("utf8")
diff --git a/contrib/experiments/cursesio.py b/contrib/experiments/cursesio.py
index 44afe81008..ffefe3bb39 100644
--- a/contrib/experiments/cursesio.py
+++ b/contrib/experiments/cursesio.py
@@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ from curses.ascii import isprint
 from twisted.internet import reactor
 
 
-class CursesStdIO():
+class CursesStdIO:
     def __init__(self, stdscr, callback=None):
         self.statusText = "Synapse test app -"
-        self.searchText = ''
+        self.searchText = ""
         self.stdscr = stdscr
 
-        self.logLine = ''
+        self.logLine = ""
 
         self.callback = callback
 
@@ -71,8 +71,7 @@ class CursesStdIO():
         i = 0
         index = len(self.lines) - 1
         while i < (self.rows - 3) and index >= 0:
-            self.stdscr.addstr(self.rows - 3 - i, 0, self.lines[index],
-                               curses.A_NORMAL)
+            self.stdscr.addstr(self.rows - 3 - i, 0, self.lines[index], curses.A_NORMAL)
             i = i + 1
             index = index - 1
 
@@ -85,15 +84,13 @@ class CursesStdIO():
             raise RuntimeError("TextTooLongError")
 
         self.stdscr.addstr(
-            self.rows - 2, 0,
-            text + ' ' * (self.cols - len(text)),
-            curses.A_STANDOUT)
+            self.rows - 2, 0, text + " " * (self.cols - len(text)), curses.A_STANDOUT
+        )
 
     def printLogLine(self, text):
         self.stdscr.addstr(
-            0, 0,
-            text + ' ' * (self.cols - len(text)),
-            curses.A_STANDOUT)
+            0, 0, text + " " * (self.cols - len(text)), curses.A_STANDOUT
+        )
 
     def doRead(self):
         """ Input is ready! """
@@ -105,7 +102,7 @@ class CursesStdIO():
 
         elif c == curses.KEY_ENTER or c == 10:
             text = self.searchText
-            self.searchText = ''
+            self.searchText = ""
 
             self.print_line(">> %s" % text)
 
@@ -122,11 +119,13 @@ class CursesStdIO():
                 return
             self.searchText = self.searchText + chr(c)
 
-        self.stdscr.addstr(self.rows - 1, 0,
-                           self.searchText + (' ' * (
-                           self.cols - len(self.searchText) - 2)))
+        self.stdscr.addstr(
+            self.rows - 1,
+            0,
+            self.searchText + (" " * (self.cols - len(self.searchText) - 2)),
+        )
 
-        self.paintStatus(self.statusText + ' %d' % len(self.searchText))
+        self.paintStatus(self.statusText + " %d" % len(self.searchText))
         self.stdscr.move(self.rows - 1, len(self.searchText))
         self.stdscr.refresh()
 
@@ -143,7 +142,6 @@ class CursesStdIO():
 
 
 class Callback(object):
-
     def __init__(self, stdio):
         self.stdio = stdio
 
@@ -152,7 +150,7 @@ class Callback(object):
 
 
 def main(stdscr):
-    screen = CursesStdIO(stdscr)   # create Screen object
+    screen = CursesStdIO(stdscr)  # create Screen object
 
     callback = Callback(screen)
 
@@ -164,5 +162,5 @@ def main(stdscr):
     screen.close()
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     curses.wrapper(main)
diff --git a/contrib/experiments/test_messaging.py b/contrib/experiments/test_messaging.py
index 85c9c11984..c7e55d8aa7 100644
--- a/contrib/experiments/test_messaging.py
+++ b/contrib/experiments/test_messaging.py
@@ -28,9 +28,7 @@ Currently assumes the local address is localhost:<port>
 """
 
 
-from synapse.federation import (
-    ReplicationHandler
-)
+from synapse.federation import ReplicationHandler
 
 from synapse.federation.units import Pdu
 
@@ -38,7 +36,7 @@ from synapse.util import origin_from_ucid
 
 from synapse.app.homeserver import SynapseHomeServer
 
-#from synapse.util.logutils import log_function
+# from synapse.util.logutils import log_function
 
 from twisted.internet import reactor, defer
 from twisted.python import log
@@ -83,7 +81,7 @@ class InputOutput(object):
                 room_name, = m.groups()
                 self.print_line("%s joining %s" % (self.user, room_name))
                 self.server.join_room(room_name, self.user, self.user)
-                #self.print_line("OK.")
+                # self.print_line("OK.")
                 return
 
             m = re.match("^invite (\S+) (\S+)$", line)
@@ -92,7 +90,7 @@ class InputOutput(object):
                 room_name, invitee = m.groups()
                 self.print_line("%s invited to %s" % (invitee, room_name))
                 self.server.invite_to_room(room_name, self.user, invitee)
-                #self.print_line("OK.")
+                # self.print_line("OK.")
                 return
 
             m = re.match("^send (\S+) (.*)$", line)
@@ -101,7 +99,7 @@ class InputOutput(object):
                 room_name, body = m.groups()
                 self.print_line("%s send to %s" % (self.user, room_name))
                 self.server.send_message(room_name, self.user, body)
-                #self.print_line("OK.")
+                # self.print_line("OK.")
                 return
 
             m = re.match("^backfill (\S+)$", line)
@@ -125,7 +123,6 @@ class InputOutput(object):
 
 
 class IOLoggerHandler(logging.Handler):
-
     def __init__(self, io):
         logging.Handler.__init__(self)
         self.io = io
@@ -142,6 +139,7 @@ class Room(object):
     """ Used to store (in memory) the current membership state of a room, and
     which home servers we should send PDUs associated with the room to.
     """
+
     def __init__(self, room_name):
         self.room_name = room_name
         self.invited = set()
@@ -175,6 +173,7 @@ class HomeServer(ReplicationHandler):
     """ A very basic home server implentation that allows people to join a
     room and then invite other people.
     """
+
     def __init__(self, server_name, replication_layer, output):
         self.server_name = server_name
         self.replication_layer = replication_layer
@@ -197,26 +196,27 @@ class HomeServer(ReplicationHandler):
             elif pdu.content["membership"] == "invite":
                 self._on_invite(pdu.origin, pdu.context, pdu.state_key)
         else:
-            self.output.print_line("#%s (unrec) %s = %s" %
-                (pdu.context, pdu.pdu_type, json.dumps(pdu.content))
+            self.output.print_line(
+                "#%s (unrec) %s = %s"
+                % (pdu.context, pdu.pdu_type, json.dumps(pdu.content))
             )
 
-    #def on_state_change(self, pdu):
-        ##self.output.print_line("#%s (state) %s *** %s" %
-                ##(pdu.context, pdu.state_key, pdu.pdu_type)
-            ##)
+    # def on_state_change(self, pdu):
+    ##self.output.print_line("#%s (state) %s *** %s" %
+    ##(pdu.context, pdu.state_key, pdu.pdu_type)
+    ##)
 
-        #if "joinee" in pdu.content:
-            #self._on_join(pdu.context, pdu.content["joinee"])
-        #elif "invitee" in pdu.content:
-            #self._on_invite(pdu.origin, pdu.context, pdu.content["invitee"])
+    # if "joinee" in pdu.content:
+    # self._on_join(pdu.context, pdu.content["joinee"])
+    # elif "invitee" in pdu.content:
+    # self._on_invite(pdu.origin, pdu.context, pdu.content["invitee"])
 
     def _on_message(self, pdu):
         """ We received a message
         """
-        self.output.print_line("#%s %s %s" %
-                (pdu.context, pdu.content["sender"], pdu.content["body"])
-            )
+        self.output.print_line(
+            "#%s %s %s" % (pdu.context, pdu.content["sender"], pdu.content["body"])
+        )
 
     def _on_join(self, context, joinee):
         """ Someone has joined a room, either a remote user or a local user
@@ -224,9 +224,7 @@ class HomeServer(ReplicationHandler):
         room = self._get_or_create_room(context)
         room.add_participant(joinee)
 
-        self.output.print_line("#%s %s %s" %
-                (context, joinee, "*** JOINED")
-            )
+        self.output.print_line("#%s %s %s" % (context, joinee, "*** JOINED"))
 
     def _on_invite(self, origin, context, invitee):
         """ Someone has been invited
@@ -234,9 +232,7 @@ class HomeServer(ReplicationHandler):
         room = self._get_or_create_room(context)
         room.add_invited(invitee)
 
-        self.output.print_line("#%s %s %s" %
-                (context, invitee, "*** INVITED")
-            )
+        self.output.print_line("#%s %s %s" % (context, invitee, "*** INVITED"))
 
         if not room.have_got_metadata and origin is not self.server_name:
             logger.debug("Get room state")
@@ -272,14 +268,14 @@ class HomeServer(ReplicationHandler):
 
         try:
             pdu = Pdu.create_new(
-                    context=room_name,
-                    pdu_type="sy.room.member",
-                    is_state=True,
-                    state_key=joinee,
-                    content={"membership": "join"},
-                    origin=self.server_name,
-                    destinations=destinations,
-                )
+                context=room_name,
+                pdu_type="sy.room.member",
+                is_state=True,
+                state_key=joinee,
+                content={"membership": "join"},
+                origin=self.server_name,
+                destinations=destinations,
+            )
             yield self.replication_layer.send_pdu(pdu)
         except Exception as e:
             logger.exception(e)
@@ -318,21 +314,21 @@ class HomeServer(ReplicationHandler):
         return self.replication_layer.backfill(dest, room_name, limit)
 
     def _get_room_remote_servers(self, room_name):
-        return [i for i in self.joined_rooms.setdefault(room_name,).servers]
+        return [i for i in self.joined_rooms.setdefault(room_name).servers]
 
     def _get_or_create_room(self, room_name):
         return self.joined_rooms.setdefault(room_name, Room(room_name))
 
     def get_servers_for_context(self, context):
         return defer.succeed(
-                self.joined_rooms.setdefault(context, Room(context)).servers
-            )
+            self.joined_rooms.setdefault(context, Room(context)).servers
+        )
 
 
 def main(stdscr):
     parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
-    parser.add_argument('user', type=str)
-    parser.add_argument('-v', '--verbose', action='count')
+    parser.add_argument("user", type=str)
+    parser.add_argument("-v", "--verbose", action="count")
     args = parser.parse_args()
 
     user = args.user
@@ -342,8 +338,9 @@ def main(stdscr):
 
     root_logger = logging.getLogger()
 
-    formatter = logging.Formatter('%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(lineno)d - '
-            '%(levelname)s - %(message)s')
+    formatter = logging.Formatter(
+        "%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(lineno)d - " "%(levelname)s - %(message)s"
+    )
     if not os.path.exists("logs"):
         os.makedirs("logs")
     fh = logging.FileHandler("logs/%s" % user)
diff --git a/contrib/grafana/synapse.json b/contrib/grafana/synapse.json
index 4abeb7d392..5b1bfd1679 100644
--- a/contrib/grafana/synapse.json
+++ b/contrib/grafana/synapse.json
@@ -1 +1,6814 @@
-{"annotations":{"list":[{"builtIn":1,"datasource":"$datasource","enable":false,"hide":true,"iconColor":"rgba(0, 211, 255, 1)","limit":100,"name":"Annotations \u0026 Alerts","showIn":0,"type":"dashboard"}]},"editable":true,"gnetId":null,"graphTooltip":0,"id":4,"iteration":1554391266679,"links":[{"asDropdown":true,"icon":"external link","keepTime":true,"tags":["matrix"],"title":"Dashboards","type":"dashboards"}],"panels":[{"collapsed":false,"gridPos":{"h":1,"w":24,"x":0,"y":0},"id":73,"panels":[],"title":"Overview","type":"row"},{"aliasColors":{},"bars":false,"dashLength":10,"dashes":false,"datasource":"$datasource","fill":1,"gridPos":{"h":9,"w":12,"x":0,"y":1},"id":75,"legend":{"avg":false,"current":false,"max":false,"min":false,"show":true,"total":false,"values":false},"lines":true,"linewidth":1,"links":[],"nullPointMode":"null","paceLength":10,"percentage":false,"pointradius":5,"points":false,"renderer":"flot","seriesOverrides":[],"spaceLength":10,"stack":false,"steppedLine":false,"targets":[{"expr":"rate(process_cpu_seconds_total{instance=\"$instance\",job=~\"$job\",index=~\"$index\"}[$bucket_size])","format":"time_series","intervalFactor":1,"legendFormat":"{{job}}-{{index}} ","refId":"A"}],"thresholds":[{"colorMode":"critical","fill":true,"line":true,"op":"gt","value":1,"yaxis":"left"}],"timeFrom":null,"timeRegions":[],"timeShift":null,"title":"CPU usage","tooltip":{"shared":true,"sort":0,"value_type":"individual"},"type":"graph","xaxis":{"buckets":null,"mode":"time","name":null,"show":true,"values":[]},"yaxes":[{"decimals":null,"format":"percentunit","label":null,"logBase":1,"max":"1.5","min":"0","show":true},{"format":"short","label":null,"logBase":1,"max":null,"min":null,"show":true}],"yaxis":{"align":false,"alignLevel":null}},{"aliasColors":{},"bars":false,"dashLength":10,"dashes":false,"datasource":"$datasource","editable":true,"error":false,"fill":1,"grid":{},"gridPos":{"h":9,"w":12,"x":12,"y":1},"id":33,"legend":{"avg":false,"current":false,"max":false,"min":false,"show":false,"total":false,"values":false},"lines":true,"linewidth":2,"links":[],"nullPointMode":"null","paceLength":10,"percentage":false,"pointradius":5,"points":false,"renderer":"flot","seriesOverrides":[],"spaceLength":10,"stack":false,"steppedLine":false,"targets":[{"expr":"sum(rate(synapse_storage_events_persisted_events{instance=\"$instance\"}[$bucket_size])) 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+          },
+          "color": {
+            "cardColor": "#FF9830",
+            "colorScale": "sqrt",
+            "colorScheme": "interpolateInferno",
+            "exponent": 0.5,
+            "min": 0,
+            "mode": "opacity"
+          },
+          "dataFormat": "tsbuckets",
+          "datasource": "$datasource",
+          "description": "Colour reflects the number of events persisted to rooms with the given number of stale forward extremities, or fewer.\n\nStale forward extremities are those that were in the previous set of extremities as well as the new.",
+          "gridPos": {
+            "h": 8,
+            "w": 12,
+            "x": 0,
+            "y": 30
+          },
+          "heatmap": {},
+          "hideZeroBuckets": true,
+          "highlightCards": true,
+          "id": 129,
+          "legend": {
+            "show": true
+          },
+          "links": [],
+          "options": {},
+          "reverseYBuckets": false,
+          "targets": [
+            {
+              "expr": "rate(synapse_storage_events_stale_forward_extremities_persisted_bucket{instance=\"$instance\"}[$bucket_size]) and on (index, instance, job) (synapse_storage_events_persisted_events > 0)",
+              "format": "heatmap",
+              "intervalFactor": 1,
+              "legendFormat": "{{le}}",
+              "refId": "A"
+            }
+          ],
+          "timeFrom": null,
+          "timeShift": null,
+          "title": "Events persisted, by number of stale forward extremities in room (heatmap)",
+          "tooltip": {
+            "show": true,
+            "showHistogram": true
+          },
+          "type": "heatmap",
+          "xAxis": {
+            "show": true
+          },
+          "xBucketNumber": null,
+          "xBucketSize": null,
+          "yAxis": {
+            "decimals": 0,
+            "format": "short",
+            "logBase": 1,
+            "max": null,
+            "min": null,
+            "show": true,
+            "splitFactor": null
+          },
+          "yBucketBound": "auto",
+          "yBucketNumber": null,
+          "yBucketSize": null
+        },
+        {
+          "aliasColors": {},
+          "bars": false,
+          "dashLength": 10,
+          "dashes": false,
+          "datasource": "$datasource",
+          "description": "For  given percentage P, the number X where P% of events were persisted to rooms with X stale forward extremities or fewer.\n\nStale forward extremities are those that were in the previous set of extremities as well as the new.",
+          "fill": 1,
+          "gridPos": {
+            "h": 8,
+            "w": 12,
+            "x": 12,
+            "y": 30
+          },
+          "id": 130,
+          "legend": {
+            "avg": false,
+            "current": false,
+            "max": false,
+            "min": false,
+            "show": true,
+            "total": false,
+            "values": false
+          },
+          "lines": true,
+          "linewidth": 1,
+          "links": [],
+          "nullPointMode": "null",
+          "options": {},
+          "percentage": false,
+          "pointradius": 2,
+          "points": false,
+          "renderer": "flot",
+          "seriesOverrides": [],
+          "spaceLength": 10,
+          "stack": false,
+          "steppedLine": false,
+          "targets": [
+            {
+              "expr": "histogram_quantile(0.5, rate(synapse_storage_events_stale_forward_extremities_persisted_bucket{instance=\"$instance\"}[$bucket_size]) and on (index, instance, job) (synapse_storage_events_persisted_events > 0))",
+              "format": "time_series",
+              "intervalFactor": 1,
+              "legendFormat": "50%",
+              "refId": "A"
+            },
+            {
+              "expr": "histogram_quantile(0.75, rate(synapse_storage_events_stale_forward_extremities_persisted_bucket{instance=\"$instance\"}[$bucket_size]) and on (index, instance, job) (synapse_storage_events_persisted_events > 0))",
+              "format": "time_series",
+              "intervalFactor": 1,
+              "legendFormat": "75%",
+              "refId": "B"
+            },
+            {
+              "expr": "histogram_quantile(0.90, rate(synapse_storage_events_stale_forward_extremities_persisted_bucket{instance=\"$instance\"}[$bucket_size]) and on (index, instance, job) (synapse_storage_events_persisted_events > 0))",
+              "format": "time_series",
+              "intervalFactor": 1,
+              "legendFormat": "90%",
+              "refId": "C"
+            },
+            {
+              "expr": "histogram_quantile(0.99, rate(synapse_storage_events_stale_forward_extremities_persisted_bucket{instance=\"$instance\"}[$bucket_size]) and on (index, instance, job) (synapse_storage_events_persisted_events > 0))",
+              "format": "time_series",
+              "intervalFactor": 1,
+              "legendFormat": "99%",
+              "refId": "D"
+            }
+          ],
+          "thresholds": [],
+          "timeFrom": null,
+          "timeRegions": [],
+          "timeShift": null,
+          "title": "Events persisted, by number of stale forward extremities in room (quantiles)",
+          "tooltip": {
+            "shared": true,
+            "sort": 0,
+            "value_type": "individual"
+          },
+          "type": "graph",
+          "xaxis": {
+            "buckets": null,
+            "mode": "time",
+            "name": null,
+            "show": true,
+            "values": []
+          },
+          "yaxes": [
+            {
+              "format": "short",
+              "label": "Number of stale forward extremities in room",
+              "logBase": 1,
+              "max": null,
+              "min": "0",
+              "show": true
+            },
+            {
+              "format": "short",
+              "label": null,
+              "logBase": 1,
+              "max": null,
+              "min": null,
+              "show": true
+            }
+          ],
+          "yaxis": {
+            "align": false,
+            "alignLevel": null
+          }
+        },
+        {
+          "cards": {
+            "cardPadding": 0,
+            "cardRound": null
+          },
+          "color": {
+            "cardColor": "#73BF69",
+            "colorScale": "sqrt",
+            "colorScheme": "interpolateInferno",
+            "exponent": 0.5,
+            "min": 0,
+            "mode": "opacity"
+          },
+          "dataFormat": "tsbuckets",
+          "datasource": "$datasource",
+          "description": "Colour reflects the number of state resolution operations performed over the given number of state groups, or fewer.",
+          "gridPos": {
+            "h": 8,
+            "w": 12,
+            "x": 0,
+            "y": 38
+          },
+          "heatmap": {},
+          "hideZeroBuckets": true,
+          "highlightCards": true,
+          "id": 131,
+          "legend": {
+            "show": true
+          },
+          "links": [],
+          "options": {},
+          "reverseYBuckets": false,
+          "targets": [
+            {
+              "expr": "rate(synapse_state_number_state_groups_in_resolution_bucket{instance=\"$instance\"}[$bucket_size]) and on (index, instance, job) (synapse_storage_events_persisted_events > 0)",
+              "format": "heatmap",
+              "intervalFactor": 1,
+              "legendFormat": "{{le}}",
+              "refId": "A"
+            }
+          ],
+          "timeFrom": null,
+          "timeShift": null,
+          "title": "Number of state resolution performed, by number of state groups involved (heatmap)",
+          "tooltip": {
+            "show": true,
+            "showHistogram": true
+          },
+          "type": "heatmap",
+          "xAxis": {
+            "show": true
+          },
+          "xBucketNumber": null,
+          "xBucketSize": null,
+          "yAxis": {
+            "decimals": 0,
+            "format": "short",
+            "logBase": 1,
+            "max": null,
+            "min": null,
+            "show": true,
+            "splitFactor": null
+          },
+          "yBucketBound": "auto",
+          "yBucketNumber": null,
+          "yBucketSize": null
+        },
+        {
+          "aliasColors": {},
+          "bars": false,
+          "dashLength": 10,
+          "dashes": false,
+          "datasource": "$datasource",
+          "description": "For a given percentage P, the number X where P% of state resolution operations took place over X state groups or fewer.",
+          "fill": 1,
+          "gridPos": {
+            "h": 8,
+            "w": 12,
+            "x": 12,
+            "y": 38
+          },
+          "id": 132,
+          "interval": "",
+          "legend": {
+            "avg": false,
+            "current": false,
+            "max": false,
+            "min": false,
+            "show": true,
+            "total": false,
+            "values": false
+          },
+          "lines": true,
+          "linewidth": 1,
+          "links": [],
+          "nullPointMode": "null",
+          "options": {},
+          "percentage": false,
+          "pointradius": 2,
+          "points": false,
+          "renderer": "flot",
+          "seriesOverrides": [],
+          "spaceLength": 10,
+          "stack": false,
+          "steppedLine": false,
+          "targets": [
+            {
+              "expr": "histogram_quantile(0.5, rate(synapse_state_number_state_groups_in_resolution_bucket{instance=\"$instance\"}[$bucket_size]) and on (index, instance, job) (synapse_storage_events_persisted_events > 0)) ",
+              "format": "time_series",
+              "intervalFactor": 1,
+              "legendFormat": "50%",
+              "refId": "A"
+            },
+            {
+              "expr": "histogram_quantile(0.75, rate(synapse_state_number_state_groups_in_resolution_bucket{instance=\"$instance\"}[$bucket_size]) and on (index, instance, job) (synapse_storage_events_persisted_events > 0))",
+              "format": "time_series",
+              "intervalFactor": 1,
+              "legendFormat": "75%",
+              "refId": "B"
+            },
+            {
+              "expr": "histogram_quantile(0.90, rate(synapse_state_number_state_groups_in_resolution_bucket{instance=\"$instance\"}[$bucket_size]) and on (index, instance, job) (synapse_storage_events_persisted_events > 0))",
+              "format": "time_series",
+              "intervalFactor": 1,
+              "legendFormat": "90%",
+              "refId": "C"
+            },
+            {
+              "expr": "histogram_quantile(0.99, rate(synapse_state_number_state_groups_in_resolution_bucket{instance=\"$instance\"}[$bucket_size]) and on (index, instance, job) (synapse_storage_events_persisted_events > 0))",
+              "format": "time_series",
+              "intervalFactor": 1,
+              "legendFormat": "99%",
+              "refId": "D"
+            }
+          ],
+          "thresholds": [],
+          "timeFrom": null,
+          "timeRegions": [],
+          "timeShift": null,
+          "title": "Number of state resolution performed, by number of state groups involved (quantiles)",
+          "tooltip": {
+            "shared": true,
+            "sort": 0,
+            "value_type": "individual"
+          },
+          "type": "graph",
+          "xaxis": {
+            "buckets": null,
+            "mode": "time",
+            "name": null,
+            "show": true,
+            "values": []
+          },
+          "yaxes": [
+            {
+              "format": "short",
+              "label": "Number of state groups",
+              "logBase": 1,
+              "max": null,
+              "min": "0",
+              "show": true
+            },
+            {
+              "format": "short",
+              "label": null,
+              "logBase": 1,
+              "max": null,
+              "min": null,
+              "show": true
+            }
+          ],
+          "yaxis": {
+            "align": false,
+            "alignLevel": null
+          }
+        }
+      ],
+      "title": "Extremities",
+      "type": "row"
+    }
+  ],
+  "refresh": "5m",
+  "schemaVersion": 18,
+  "style": "dark",
+  "tags": [
+    "matrix"
+  ],
+  "templating": {
+    "list": [
+      {
+        "current": {
+          "tags": [],
+          "text": "Prometheus",
+          "value": "Prometheus"
+        },
+        "hide": 0,
+        "includeAll": false,
+        "label": null,
+        "multi": false,
+        "name": "datasource",
+        "options": [],
+        "query": "prometheus",
+        "refresh": 1,
+        "regex": "",
+        "skipUrlSync": false,
+        "type": "datasource"
+      },
+      {
+        "allFormat": "glob",
+        "auto": true,
+        "auto_count": 100,
+        "auto_min": "30s",
+        "current": {
+          "text": "auto",
+          "value": "$__auto_interval_bucket_size"
+        },
+        "datasource": null,
+        "hide": 0,
+        "includeAll": false,
+        "label": "Bucket Size",
+        "multi": false,
+        "multiFormat": "glob",
+        "name": "bucket_size",
+        "options": [
+          {
+            "selected": true,
+            "text": "auto",
+            "value": "$__auto_interval_bucket_size"
+          },
+          {
+            "selected": false,
+            "text": "30s",
+            "value": "30s"
+          },
+          {
+            "selected": false,
+            "text": "1m",
+            "value": "1m"
+          },
+          {
+            "selected": false,
+            "text": "2m",
+            "value": "2m"
+          },
+          {
+            "selected": false,
+            "text": "5m",
+            "value": "5m"
+          },
+          {
+            "selected": false,
+            "text": "10m",
+            "value": "10m"
+          },
+          {
+            "selected": false,
+            "text": "15m",
+            "value": "15m"
+          }
+        ],
+        "query": "30s,1m,2m,5m,10m,15m",
+        "refresh": 2,
+        "skipUrlSync": false,
+        "type": "interval"
+      },
+      {
+        "allValue": null,
+        "current": {
+          "text": "matrix.org",
+          "value": "matrix.org"
+        },
+        "datasource": "$datasource",
+        "definition": "",
+        "hide": 0,
+        "includeAll": false,
+        "label": null,
+        "multi": false,
+        "name": "instance",
+        "options": [],
+        "query": "label_values(synapse_util_metrics_block_ru_utime_seconds, instance)",
+        "refresh": 2,
+        "regex": "",
+        "skipUrlSync": false,
+        "sort": 0,
+        "tagValuesQuery": "",
+        "tags": [],
+        "tagsQuery": "",
+        "type": "query",
+        "useTags": false
+      },
+      {
+        "allFormat": "regex wildcard",
+        "allValue": "",
+        "current": {
+          "text": "All",
+          "value": [
+            "$__all"
+          ]
+        },
+        "datasource": "$datasource",
+        "definition": "",
+        "hide": 0,
+        "hideLabel": false,
+        "includeAll": true,
+        "label": "Job",
+        "multi": true,
+        "multiFormat": "regex values",
+        "name": "job",
+        "options": [],
+        "query": "label_values(synapse_util_metrics_block_ru_utime_seconds, job)",
+        "refresh": 2,
+        "refresh_on_load": false,
+        "regex": "",
+        "skipUrlSync": false,
+        "sort": 1,
+        "tagValuesQuery": "",
+        "tags": [],
+        "tagsQuery": "",
+        "type": "query",
+        "useTags": false
+      },
+      {
+        "allFormat": "regex wildcard",
+        "allValue": ".*",
+        "current": {
+          "text": "All",
+          "value": "$__all"
+        },
+        "datasource": "$datasource",
+        "definition": "",
+        "hide": 0,
+        "hideLabel": false,
+        "includeAll": true,
+        "label": "",
+        "multi": true,
+        "multiFormat": "regex values",
+        "name": "index",
+        "options": [],
+        "query": "label_values(synapse_util_metrics_block_ru_utime_seconds, index)",
+        "refresh": 2,
+        "refresh_on_load": false,
+        "regex": "",
+        "skipUrlSync": false,
+        "sort": 3,
+        "tagValuesQuery": "",
+        "tags": [],
+        "tagsQuery": "",
+        "type": "query",
+        "useTags": false
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "time": {
+    "from": "now-1h",
+    "to": "now"
+  },
+  "timepicker": {
+    "now": true,
+    "refresh_intervals": [
+      "5s",
+      "10s",
+      "30s",
+      "1m",
+      "5m",
+      "15m",
+      "30m",
+      "1h",
+      "2h",
+      "1d"
+    ],
+    "time_options": [
+      "5m",
+      "15m",
+      "1h",
+      "6h",
+      "12h",
+      "24h",
+      "2d",
+      "7d",
+      "30d"
+    ]
+  },
+  "timezone": "",
+  "title": "Synapse",
+  "uid": "000000012",
+  "version": 10
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/contrib/graph/graph.py b/contrib/graph/graph.py
index afd1d446b4..92736480eb 100644
--- a/contrib/graph/graph.py
+++ b/contrib/graph/graph.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from __future__ import print_function
+
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
@@ -48,7 +50,7 @@ def make_graph(pdus, room, filename_prefix):
             c = colors.pop()
             color_map[o] = c
         except:
-            print "Run out of colours!"
+            print("Run out of colours!")
             color_map[o] = "black"
 
     graph = pydot.Dot(graph_name="Test")
@@ -57,9 +59,9 @@ def make_graph(pdus, room, filename_prefix):
         name = make_name(pdu.get("pdu_id"), pdu.get("origin"))
         pdu_map[name] = pdu
 
-        t = datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(
-            float(pdu["ts"]) / 1000
-        ).strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S,%f')
+        t = datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(float(pdu["ts"]) / 1000).strftime(
+            "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S,%f"
+        )
 
         label = (
             "<"
@@ -79,11 +81,7 @@ def make_graph(pdus, room, filename_prefix):
             "depth": pdu.get("depth"),
         }
 
-        node = pydot.Node(
-            name=name,
-            label=label,
-            color=color_map[pdu.get("origin")]
-        )
+        node = pydot.Node(name=name, label=label, color=color_map[pdu.get("origin")])
         node_map[name] = node
         graph.add_node(node)
 
@@ -93,7 +91,7 @@ def make_graph(pdus, room, filename_prefix):
             end_name = make_name(i, o)
 
             if end_name not in node_map:
-                print "%s not in nodes" % end_name
+                print("%s not in nodes" % end_name)
                 continue
 
             edge = pydot.Edge(node_map[start_name], node_map[end_name])
@@ -107,14 +105,13 @@ def make_graph(pdus, room, filename_prefix):
 
             if prev_state_name in node_map:
                 state_edge = pydot.Edge(
-                    node_map[start_name], node_map[prev_state_name],
-                    style='dotted'
+                    node_map[start_name], node_map[prev_state_name], style="dotted"
                 )
                 graph.add_edge(state_edge)
 
-    graph.write('%s.dot' % filename_prefix, format='raw', prog='dot')
-#    graph.write_png("%s.png" % filename_prefix, prog='dot')
-    graph.write_svg("%s.svg" % filename_prefix, prog='dot')
+    graph.write("%s.dot" % filename_prefix, format="raw", prog="dot")
+    #    graph.write_png("%s.png" % filename_prefix, prog='dot')
+    graph.write_svg("%s.svg" % filename_prefix, prog="dot")
 
 
 def get_pdus(host, room):
@@ -130,15 +127,14 @@ def get_pdus(host, room):
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
         description="Generate a PDU graph for a given room by talking "
-                    "to the given homeserver to get the list of PDUs. \n"
-                    "Requires pydot."
+        "to the given homeserver to get the list of PDUs. \n"
+        "Requires pydot."
     )
     parser.add_argument(
-        "-p", "--prefix", dest="prefix",
-        help="String to prefix output files with"
+        "-p", "--prefix", dest="prefix", help="String to prefix output files with"
     )
-    parser.add_argument('host')
-    parser.add_argument('room')
+    parser.add_argument("host")
+    parser.add_argument("room")
 
     args = parser.parse_args()
 
diff --git a/contrib/graph/graph2.py b/contrib/graph/graph2.py
index 1ccad65728..9db8725eee 100644
--- a/contrib/graph/graph2.py
+++ b/contrib/graph/graph2.py
@@ -36,10 +36,7 @@ def make_graph(db_name, room_id, file_prefix, limit):
     args = [room_id]
 
     if limit:
-        sql += (
-            " ORDER BY topological_ordering DESC, stream_ordering DESC "
-            "LIMIT ?"
-        )
+        sql += " ORDER BY topological_ordering DESC, stream_ordering DESC " "LIMIT ?"
 
         args.append(limit)
 
@@ -56,9 +53,8 @@ def make_graph(db_name, room_id, file_prefix, limit):
 
     for event in events:
         c = conn.execute(
-            "SELECT state_group FROM event_to_state_groups "
-            "WHERE event_id = ?",
-            (event.event_id,)
+            "SELECT state_group FROM event_to_state_groups " "WHERE event_id = ?",
+            (event.event_id,),
         )
 
         res = c.fetchone()
@@ -69,7 +65,7 @@ def make_graph(db_name, room_id, file_prefix, limit):
 
         t = datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(
             float(event.origin_server_ts) / 1000
-        ).strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S,%f')
+        ).strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S,%f")
 
         content = json.dumps(unfreeze(event.get_dict()["content"]))
 
@@ -93,10 +89,7 @@ def make_graph(db_name, room_id, file_prefix, limit):
             "state_group": state_group,
         }
 
-        node = pydot.Node(
-            name=event.event_id,
-            label=label,
-        )
+        node = pydot.Node(name=event.event_id, label=label)
 
         node_map[event.event_id] = node
         graph.add_node(node)
@@ -106,10 +99,7 @@ def make_graph(db_name, room_id, file_prefix, limit):
             try:
                 end_node = node_map[prev_id]
             except:
-                end_node = pydot.Node(
-                    name=prev_id,
-                    label="<<b>%s</b>>" % (prev_id,),
-                )
+                end_node = pydot.Node(name=prev_id, label="<<b>%s</b>>" % (prev_id,))
 
                 node_map[prev_id] = end_node
                 graph.add_node(end_node)
@@ -121,36 +111,33 @@ def make_graph(db_name, room_id, file_prefix, limit):
         if len(event_ids) <= 1:
             continue
 
-        cluster = pydot.Cluster(
-            str(group),
-            label="<State Group: %s>" % (str(group),)
-        )
+        cluster = pydot.Cluster(str(group), label="<State Group: %s>" % (str(group),))
 
         for event_id in event_ids:
             cluster.add_node(node_map[event_id])
 
         graph.add_subgraph(cluster)
 
-    graph.write('%s.dot' % file_prefix, format='raw', prog='dot')
-    graph.write_svg("%s.svg" % file_prefix, prog='dot')
+    graph.write("%s.dot" % file_prefix, format="raw", prog="dot")
+    graph.write_svg("%s.svg" % file_prefix, prog="dot")
+
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
         description="Generate a PDU graph for a given room by talking "
-                    "to the given homeserver to get the list of PDUs. \n"
-                    "Requires pydot."
+        "to the given homeserver to get the list of PDUs. \n"
+        "Requires pydot."
     )
     parser.add_argument(
-        "-p", "--prefix", dest="prefix",
+        "-p",
+        "--prefix",
+        dest="prefix",
         help="String to prefix output files with",
-        default="graph_output"
-    )
-    parser.add_argument(
-        "-l", "--limit",
-        help="Only retrieve the last N events.",
+        default="graph_output",
     )
-    parser.add_argument('db')
-    parser.add_argument('room')
+    parser.add_argument("-l", "--limit", help="Only retrieve the last N events.")
+    parser.add_argument("db")
+    parser.add_argument("room")
 
     args = parser.parse_args()
 
diff --git a/contrib/graph/graph3.py b/contrib/graph/graph3.py
index 7d3b4d7eb6..7f9e5374a6 100644
--- a/contrib/graph/graph3.py
+++ b/contrib/graph/graph3.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from __future__ import print_function
+
 # Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
@@ -26,22 +28,22 @@ from six import string_types
 
 
 def make_graph(file_name, room_id, file_prefix, limit):
-    print "Reading lines"
+    print("Reading lines")
     with open(file_name) as f:
         lines = f.readlines()
 
-    print "Read lines"
+    print("Read lines")
 
     events = [FrozenEvent(json.loads(line)) for line in lines]
 
-    print "Loaded events."
+    print("Loaded events.")
 
     events.sort(key=lambda e: e.depth)
 
-    print "Sorted events"
+    print("Sorted events")
 
     if limit:
-        events = events[-int(limit):]
+        events = events[-int(limit) :]
 
     node_map = {}
 
@@ -50,12 +52,12 @@ def make_graph(file_name, room_id, file_prefix, limit):
     for event in events:
         t = datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(
             float(event.origin_server_ts) / 1000
-        ).strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S,%f')
+        ).strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S,%f")
 
         content = json.dumps(unfreeze(event.get_dict()["content"]), indent=4)
         content = content.replace("\n", "<br/>\n")
 
-        print content
+        print(content)
         content = []
         for key, value in unfreeze(event.get_dict()["content"]).items():
             if value is None:
@@ -66,15 +68,16 @@ def make_graph(file_name, room_id, file_prefix, limit):
                 value = json.dumps(value)
 
             content.append(
-                "<b>%s</b>: %s," % (
-                    cgi.escape(key, quote=True).encode("ascii", 'xmlcharrefreplace'),
-                    cgi.escape(value, quote=True).encode("ascii", 'xmlcharrefreplace'),
+                "<b>%s</b>: %s,"
+                % (
+                    cgi.escape(key, quote=True).encode("ascii", "xmlcharrefreplace"),
+                    cgi.escape(value, quote=True).encode("ascii", "xmlcharrefreplace"),
                 )
             )
 
         content = "<br/>\n".join(content)
 
-        print content
+        print(content)
 
         label = (
             "<"
@@ -94,25 +97,19 @@ def make_graph(file_name, room_id, file_prefix, limit):
             "depth": event.depth,
         }
 
-        node = pydot.Node(
-            name=event.event_id,
-            label=label,
-        )
+        node = pydot.Node(name=event.event_id, label=label)
 
         node_map[event.event_id] = node
         graph.add_node(node)
 
-    print "Created Nodes"
+    print("Created Nodes")
 
     for event in events:
         for prev_id, _ in event.prev_events:
             try:
                 end_node = node_map[prev_id]
             except:
-                end_node = pydot.Node(
-                    name=prev_id,
-                    label="<<b>%s</b>>" % (prev_id,),
-                )
+                end_node = pydot.Node(name=prev_id, label="<<b>%s</b>>" % (prev_id,))
 
                 node_map[prev_id] = end_node
                 graph.add_node(end_node)
@@ -120,33 +117,33 @@ def make_graph(file_name, room_id, file_prefix, limit):
             edge = pydot.Edge(node_map[event.event_id], end_node)
             graph.add_edge(edge)
 
-    print "Created edges"
+    print("Created edges")
+
+    graph.write("%s.dot" % file_prefix, format="raw", prog="dot")
 
-    graph.write('%s.dot' % file_prefix, format='raw', prog='dot')
+    print("Created Dot")
 
-    print "Created Dot"
+    graph.write_svg("%s.svg" % file_prefix, prog="dot")
 
-    graph.write_svg("%s.svg" % file_prefix, prog='dot')
+    print("Created svg")
 
-    print "Created svg"
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
         description="Generate a PDU graph for a given room by reading "
-                    "from a file with line deliminated events. \n"
-                    "Requires pydot."
+        "from a file with line deliminated events. \n"
+        "Requires pydot."
     )
     parser.add_argument(
-        "-p", "--prefix", dest="prefix",
+        "-p",
+        "--prefix",
+        dest="prefix",
         help="String to prefix output files with",
-        default="graph_output"
-    )
-    parser.add_argument(
-        "-l", "--limit",
-        help="Only retrieve the last N events.",
+        default="graph_output",
     )
-    parser.add_argument('event_file')
-    parser.add_argument('room')
+    parser.add_argument("-l", "--limit", help="Only retrieve the last N events.")
+    parser.add_argument("event_file")
+    parser.add_argument("room")
 
     args = parser.parse_args()
 
diff --git a/contrib/jitsimeetbridge/jitsimeetbridge.py b/contrib/jitsimeetbridge/jitsimeetbridge.py
index 15f8e1c48b..67fb2cd1a7 100644
--- a/contrib/jitsimeetbridge/jitsimeetbridge.py
+++ b/contrib/jitsimeetbridge/jitsimeetbridge.py
@@ -8,8 +8,9 @@ we set the remote SDP at which point the stream ends. Our video never gets to
 the bridge.
 
 Requires:
-npm install jquery jsdom 
+npm install jquery jsdom
 """
+from __future__ import print_function
 
 import gevent
 import grequests
@@ -19,24 +20,25 @@ import urllib
 import subprocess
 import time
 
-#ACCESS_TOKEN="" #
+# ACCESS_TOKEN="" #
 
-MATRIXBASE = 'https://matrix.org/_matrix/client/api/v1/'
-MYUSERNAME = '@davetest:matrix.org'
+MATRIXBASE = "https://matrix.org/_matrix/client/api/v1/"
+MYUSERNAME = "@davetest:matrix.org"
 
-HTTPBIND = 'https://meet.jit.si/http-bind'
-#HTTPBIND = 'https://jitsi.vuc.me/http-bind'
-#ROOMNAME = "matrix"
+HTTPBIND = "https://meet.jit.si/http-bind"
+# HTTPBIND = 'https://jitsi.vuc.me/http-bind'
+# ROOMNAME = "matrix"
 ROOMNAME = "pibble"
 
-HOST="guest.jit.si"
-#HOST="jitsi.vuc.me"
+HOST = "guest.jit.si"
+# HOST="jitsi.vuc.me"
 
-TURNSERVER="turn.guest.jit.si"
-#TURNSERVER="turn.jitsi.vuc.me"
+TURNSERVER = "turn.guest.jit.si"
+# TURNSERVER="turn.jitsi.vuc.me"
+
+ROOMDOMAIN = "meet.jit.si"
+# ROOMDOMAIN="conference.jitsi.vuc.me"
 
-ROOMDOMAIN="meet.jit.si"
-#ROOMDOMAIN="conference.jitsi.vuc.me"
 
 class TrivialMatrixClient:
     def __init__(self, access_token):
@@ -45,38 +47,50 @@ class TrivialMatrixClient:
 
     def getEvent(self):
         while True:
-            url = MATRIXBASE+'events?access_token='+self.access_token+"&timeout=60000"
+            url = (
+                MATRIXBASE
+                + "events?access_token="
+                + self.access_token
+                + "&timeout=60000"
+            )
             if self.token:
-                url += "&from="+self.token
+                url += "&from=" + self.token
             req = grequests.get(url)
             resps = grequests.map([req])
             obj = json.loads(resps[0].content)
-            print "incoming from matrix",obj
-            if 'end' not in obj:
+            print("incoming from matrix", obj)
+            if "end" not in obj:
                 continue
-            self.token = obj['end']
-            if len(obj['chunk']):
-                return obj['chunk'][0]
+            self.token = obj["end"]
+            if len(obj["chunk"]):
+                return obj["chunk"][0]
 
     def joinRoom(self, roomId):
-        url = MATRIXBASE+'rooms/'+roomId+'/join?access_token='+self.access_token
-        print url
-        headers={ 'Content-Type': 'application/json' }
-        req = grequests.post(url, headers=headers, data='{}')
+        url = MATRIXBASE + "rooms/" + roomId + "/join?access_token=" + self.access_token
+        print(url)
+        headers = {"Content-Type": "application/json"}
+        req = grequests.post(url, headers=headers, data="{}")
         resps = grequests.map([req])
         obj = json.loads(resps[0].content)
-        print "response: ",obj
+        print("response: ", obj)
 
     def sendEvent(self, roomId, evType, event):
-        url = MATRIXBASE+'rooms/'+roomId+'/send/'+evType+'?access_token='+self.access_token
-        print url
-        print json.dumps(event)
-        headers={ 'Content-Type': 'application/json' }
+        url = (
+            MATRIXBASE
+            + "rooms/"
+            + roomId
+            + "/send/"
+            + evType
+            + "?access_token="
+            + self.access_token
+        )
+        print(url)
+        print(json.dumps(event))
+        headers = {"Content-Type": "application/json"}
         req = grequests.post(url, headers=headers, data=json.dumps(event))
         resps = grequests.map([req])
         obj = json.loads(resps[0].content)
-        print "response: ",obj
-
+        print("response: ", obj)
 
 
 xmppClients = {}
@@ -85,39 +99,40 @@ xmppClients = {}
 def matrixLoop():
     while True:
         ev = matrixCli.getEvent()
-        print ev
-        if ev['type'] == 'm.room.member':
-            print 'membership event'
-            if ev['membership'] == 'invite' and ev['state_key'] == MYUSERNAME:
-                roomId = ev['room_id']
-                print "joining room %s" % (roomId)
+        print(ev)
+        if ev["type"] == "m.room.member":
+            print("membership event")
+            if ev["membership"] == "invite" and ev["state_key"] == MYUSERNAME:
+                roomId = ev["room_id"]
+                print("joining room %s" % (roomId))
                 matrixCli.joinRoom(roomId)
-        elif ev['type'] == 'm.room.message':
-            if ev['room_id'] in xmppClients:
-                print "already have a bridge for that user, ignoring"
+        elif ev["type"] == "m.room.message":
+            if ev["room_id"] in xmppClients:
+                print("already have a bridge for that user, ignoring")
                 continue
-            print "got message, connecting"
-            xmppClients[ev['room_id']] = TrivialXmppClient(ev['room_id'], ev['user_id'])
-            gevent.spawn(xmppClients[ev['room_id']].xmppLoop)
-        elif ev['type'] == 'm.call.invite':
-            print "Incoming call"
-            #sdp = ev['content']['offer']['sdp']
-            #print "sdp: %s" % (sdp)
-            #xmppClients[ev['room_id']] = TrivialXmppClient(ev['room_id'], ev['user_id'])
-            #gevent.spawn(xmppClients[ev['room_id']].xmppLoop)
-        elif ev['type'] == 'm.call.answer':
-            print "Call answered"
-            sdp = ev['content']['answer']['sdp']
-            if ev['room_id'] not in xmppClients:
-                print "We didn't have a call for that room"
+            print("got message, connecting")
+            xmppClients[ev["room_id"]] = TrivialXmppClient(ev["room_id"], ev["user_id"])
+            gevent.spawn(xmppClients[ev["room_id"]].xmppLoop)
+        elif ev["type"] == "m.call.invite":
+            print("Incoming call")
+            # sdp = ev['content']['offer']['sdp']
+            # print "sdp: %s" % (sdp)
+            # xmppClients[ev['room_id']] = TrivialXmppClient(ev['room_id'], ev['user_id'])
+            # gevent.spawn(xmppClients[ev['room_id']].xmppLoop)
+        elif ev["type"] == "m.call.answer":
+            print("Call answered")
+            sdp = ev["content"]["answer"]["sdp"]
+            if ev["room_id"] not in xmppClients:
+                print("We didn't have a call for that room")
                 continue
             # should probably check call ID too
-            xmppCli = xmppClients[ev['room_id']]
+            xmppCli = xmppClients[ev["room_id"]]
             xmppCli.sendAnswer(sdp)
-        elif ev['type'] == 'm.call.hangup':
-            if ev['room_id'] in xmppClients:
-                xmppClients[ev['room_id']].stop()
-                del xmppClients[ev['room_id']]
+        elif ev["type"] == "m.call.hangup":
+            if ev["room_id"] in xmppClients:
+                xmppClients[ev["room_id"]].stop()
+                del xmppClients[ev["room_id"]]
+
 
 class TrivialXmppClient:
     def __init__(self, matrixRoom, userId):
@@ -131,130 +146,155 @@ class TrivialXmppClient:
 
     def nextRid(self):
         self.rid += 1
-        return '%d' % (self.rid)
+        return "%d" % (self.rid)
 
     def sendIq(self, xml):
-        fullXml = "<body rid='%s' xmlns='http://jabber.org/protocol/httpbind' sid='%s'>%s</body>" % (self.nextRid(), self.sid, xml)
-        #print "\t>>>%s" % (fullXml)
+        fullXml = (
+            "<body rid='%s' xmlns='http://jabber.org/protocol/httpbind' sid='%s'>%s</body>"
+            % (self.nextRid(), self.sid, xml)
+        )
+        # print "\t>>>%s" % (fullXml)
         return self.xmppPoke(fullXml)
 
     def xmppPoke(self, xml):
-        headers = {'Content-Type': 'application/xml'}
+        headers = {"Content-Type": "application/xml"}
         req = grequests.post(HTTPBIND, verify=False, headers=headers, data=xml)
         resps = grequests.map([req])
         obj = BeautifulSoup(resps[0].content)
         return obj
 
     def sendAnswer(self, answer):
-        print "sdp from matrix client",answer
-        p = subprocess.Popen(['node', 'unjingle/unjingle.js', '--sdp'], stdin=subprocess.PIPE, stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
+        print("sdp from matrix client", answer)
+        p = subprocess.Popen(
+            ["node", "unjingle/unjingle.js", "--sdp"],
+            stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
+            stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
+        )
         jingle, out_err = p.communicate(answer)
         jingle = jingle % {
-            'tojid': self.callfrom,
-            'action': 'session-accept',
-            'initiator': self.callfrom,
-            'responder': self.jid,
-            'sid': self.callsid
+            "tojid": self.callfrom,
+            "action": "session-accept",
+            "initiator": self.callfrom,
+            "responder": self.jid,
+            "sid": self.callsid,
         }
-        print "answer jingle from sdp",jingle
+        print("answer jingle from sdp", jingle)
         res = self.sendIq(jingle)
-        print "reply from answer: ",res
+        print("reply from answer: ", res)
 
         self.ssrcs = {}
         jingleSoup = BeautifulSoup(jingle)
-        for cont in jingleSoup.iq.jingle.findAll('content'):
+        for cont in jingleSoup.iq.jingle.findAll("content"):
             if cont.description:
-                self.ssrcs[cont['name']] = cont.description['ssrc']
-        print "my ssrcs:",self.ssrcs
+                self.ssrcs[cont["name"]] = cont.description["ssrc"]
+        print("my ssrcs:", self.ssrcs)
 
-        gevent.joinall([
-                gevent.spawn(self.advertiseSsrcs)
-        ])
+        gevent.joinall([gevent.spawn(self.advertiseSsrcs)])
 
     def advertiseSsrcs(self):
-                time.sleep(7)
-        print "SSRC spammer started"
+        time.sleep(7)
+        print("SSRC spammer started")
         while self.running:
-            ssrcMsg = "<presence to='%(tojid)s' xmlns='jabber:client'><x xmlns='http://jabber.org/protocol/muc'/><c xmlns='http://jabber.org/protocol/caps' hash='sha-1' node='http://jitsi.org/jitsimeet' ver='0WkSdhFnAUxrz4ImQQLdB80GFlE='/><nick xmlns='http://jabber.org/protocol/nick'>%(nick)s</nick><stats xmlns='http://jitsi.org/jitmeet/stats'><stat name='bitrate_download' value='175'/><stat name='bitrate_upload' value='176'/><stat name='packetLoss_total' value='0'/><stat name='packetLoss_download' value='0'/><stat name='packetLoss_upload' value='0'/></stats><media xmlns='http://estos.de/ns/mjs'><source type='audio' ssrc='%(assrc)s' direction='sendre'/><source type='video' ssrc='%(vssrc)s' direction='sendre'/></media></presence>" % { 'tojid': "%s@%s/%s" % (ROOMNAME, ROOMDOMAIN, self.shortJid), 'nick': self.userId, 'assrc': self.ssrcs['audio'], 'vssrc': self.ssrcs['video'] }
+            ssrcMsg = (
+                "<presence to='%(tojid)s' xmlns='jabber:client'><x xmlns='http://jabber.org/protocol/muc'/><c xmlns='http://jabber.org/protocol/caps' hash='sha-1' node='http://jitsi.org/jitsimeet' ver='0WkSdhFnAUxrz4ImQQLdB80GFlE='/><nick xmlns='http://jabber.org/protocol/nick'>%(nick)s</nick><stats xmlns='http://jitsi.org/jitmeet/stats'><stat name='bitrate_download' value='175'/><stat name='bitrate_upload' value='176'/><stat name='packetLoss_total' value='0'/><stat name='packetLoss_download' value='0'/><stat name='packetLoss_upload' value='0'/></stats><media xmlns='http://estos.de/ns/mjs'><source type='audio' ssrc='%(assrc)s' direction='sendre'/><source type='video' ssrc='%(vssrc)s' direction='sendre'/></media></presence>"
+                % {
+                    "tojid": "%s@%s/%s" % (ROOMNAME, ROOMDOMAIN, self.shortJid),
+                    "nick": self.userId,
+                    "assrc": self.ssrcs["audio"],
+                    "vssrc": self.ssrcs["video"],
+                }
+            )
             res = self.sendIq(ssrcMsg)
-            print "reply from ssrc announce: ",res
+            print("reply from ssrc announce: ", res)
             time.sleep(10)
 
-
-
     def xmppLoop(self):
         self.matrixCallId = time.time()
-        res = self.xmppPoke("<body rid='%s' xmlns='http://jabber.org/protocol/httpbind' to='%s' xml:lang='en' wait='60' hold='1' content='text/xml; charset=utf-8' ver='1.6' xmpp:version='1.0' xmlns:xmpp='urn:xmpp:xbosh'/>" % (self.nextRid(), HOST))
+        res = self.xmppPoke(
+            "<body rid='%s' xmlns='http://jabber.org/protocol/httpbind' to='%s' xml:lang='en' wait='60' hold='1' content='text/xml; charset=utf-8' ver='1.6' xmpp:version='1.0' xmlns:xmpp='urn:xmpp:xbosh'/>"
+            % (self.nextRid(), HOST)
+        )
 
-        print res
-        self.sid = res.body['sid']
-        print "sid %s" % (self.sid)
+        print(res)
+        self.sid = res.body["sid"]
+        print("sid %s" % (self.sid))
 
-        res = self.sendIq("<auth xmlns='urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:xmpp-sasl' mechanism='ANONYMOUS'/>")
+        res = self.sendIq(
+            "<auth xmlns='urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:xmpp-sasl' mechanism='ANONYMOUS'/>"
+        )
 
-        res = self.xmppPoke("<body rid='%s' xmlns='http://jabber.org/protocol/httpbind' sid='%s' to='%s' xml:lang='en' xmpp:restart='true' xmlns:xmpp='urn:xmpp:xbosh'/>" % (self.nextRid(), self.sid, HOST))
+        res = self.xmppPoke(
+            "<body rid='%s' xmlns='http://jabber.org/protocol/httpbind' sid='%s' to='%s' xml:lang='en' xmpp:restart='true' xmlns:xmpp='urn:xmpp:xbosh'/>"
+            % (self.nextRid(), self.sid, HOST)
+        )
 
-        res = self.sendIq("<iq type='set' id='_bind_auth_2' xmlns='jabber:client'><bind xmlns='urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:xmpp-bind'/></iq>")
-        print res
+        res = self.sendIq(
+            "<iq type='set' id='_bind_auth_2' xmlns='jabber:client'><bind xmlns='urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:xmpp-bind'/></iq>"
+        )
+        print(res)
 
         self.jid = res.body.iq.bind.jid.string
-        print "jid: %s" % (self.jid)
-        self.shortJid = self.jid.split('-')[0]
+        print("jid: %s" % (self.jid))
+        self.shortJid = self.jid.split("-")[0]
 
-        res = self.sendIq("<iq type='set' id='_session_auth_2' xmlns='jabber:client'><session xmlns='urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:xmpp-session'/></iq>")
+        res = self.sendIq(
+            "<iq type='set' id='_session_auth_2' xmlns='jabber:client'><session xmlns='urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:xmpp-session'/></iq>"
+        )
 
-        #randomthing = res.body.iq['to']
-        #whatsitpart = randomthing.split('-')[0]
+        # randomthing = res.body.iq['to']
+        # whatsitpart = randomthing.split('-')[0]
 
-        #print "other random bind thing: %s" % (randomthing)
+        # print "other random bind thing: %s" % (randomthing)
 
         # advertise preence to the jitsi room, with our nick
-        res = self.sendIq("<iq type='get' to='%s' xmlns='jabber:client' id='1:sendIQ'><services xmlns='urn:xmpp:extdisco:1'><service host='%s'/></services></iq><presence to='%s@%s/d98f6c40' xmlns='jabber:client'><x xmlns='http://jabber.org/protocol/muc'/><c xmlns='http://jabber.org/protocol/caps' hash='sha-1' node='http://jitsi.org/jitsimeet' ver='0WkSdhFnAUxrz4ImQQLdB80GFlE='/><nick xmlns='http://jabber.org/protocol/nick'>%s</nick></presence>" % (HOST, TURNSERVER, ROOMNAME, ROOMDOMAIN, self.userId))
-        self.muc = {'users': []}
-        for p in res.body.findAll('presence'):
+        res = self.sendIq(
+            "<iq type='get' to='%s' xmlns='jabber:client' id='1:sendIQ'><services xmlns='urn:xmpp:extdisco:1'><service host='%s'/></services></iq><presence to='%s@%s/d98f6c40' xmlns='jabber:client'><x xmlns='http://jabber.org/protocol/muc'/><c xmlns='http://jabber.org/protocol/caps' hash='sha-1' node='http://jitsi.org/jitsimeet' ver='0WkSdhFnAUxrz4ImQQLdB80GFlE='/><nick xmlns='http://jabber.org/protocol/nick'>%s</nick></presence>"
+            % (HOST, TURNSERVER, ROOMNAME, ROOMDOMAIN, self.userId)
+        )
+        self.muc = {"users": []}
+        for p in res.body.findAll("presence"):
             u = {}
-            u['shortJid'] = p['from'].split('/')[1]
+            u["shortJid"] = p["from"].split("/")[1]
             if p.c and p.c.nick:
-                u['nick'] = p.c.nick.string
-            self.muc['users'].append(u)
-        print "muc: ",self.muc
+                u["nick"] = p.c.nick.string
+            self.muc["users"].append(u)
+        print("muc: ", self.muc)
 
         # wait for stuff
         while True:
-            print "waiting..."
+            print("waiting...")
             res = self.sendIq("")
-            print "got from stream: ",res
+            print("got from stream: ", res)
             if res.body.iq:
-                jingles = res.body.iq.findAll('jingle')
+                jingles = res.body.iq.findAll("jingle")
                 if len(jingles):
-                    self.callfrom = res.body.iq['from']
+                    self.callfrom = res.body.iq["from"]
                     self.handleInvite(jingles[0])
-            elif 'type' in res.body and res.body['type'] == 'terminate':
+            elif "type" in res.body and res.body["type"] == "terminate":
                 self.running = False
                 del xmppClients[self.matrixRoom]
-                        return
+                return
 
     def handleInvite(self, jingle):
-        self.initiator = jingle['initiator']
-        self.callsid = jingle['sid']
-        p = subprocess.Popen(['node', 'unjingle/unjingle.js', '--jingle'], stdin=subprocess.PIPE, stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
-        print "raw jingle invite",str(jingle)
+        self.initiator = jingle["initiator"]
+        self.callsid = jingle["sid"]
+        p = subprocess.Popen(
+            ["node", "unjingle/unjingle.js", "--jingle"],
+            stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
+            stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
+        )
+        print("raw jingle invite", str(jingle))
         sdp, out_err = p.communicate(str(jingle))
-        print "transformed remote offer sdp",sdp
+        print("transformed remote offer sdp", sdp)
         inviteEvent = {
-            'offer': {
-                'type': 'offer',
-                'sdp': sdp
-            },
-            'call_id': self.matrixCallId,
-            'version': 0,
-            'lifetime': 30000
+            "offer": {"type": "offer", "sdp": sdp},
+            "call_id": self.matrixCallId,
+            "version": 0,
+            "lifetime": 30000,
         }
-        matrixCli.sendEvent(self.matrixRoom, 'm.call.invite', inviteEvent)
+        matrixCli.sendEvent(self.matrixRoom, "m.call.invite", inviteEvent)
 
-matrixCli = TrivialMatrixClient(ACCESS_TOKEN)
 
-gevent.joinall([
-    gevent.spawn(matrixLoop)
-])
+matrixCli = TrivialMatrixClient(ACCESS_TOKEN)  # Undefined name
 
+gevent.joinall([gevent.spawn(matrixLoop)])
diff --git a/contrib/scripts/kick_users.py b/contrib/scripts/kick_users.py
index 5dfaec3ad0..f57e6e7d25 100755
--- a/contrib/scripts/kick_users.py
+++ b/contrib/scripts/kick_users.py
@@ -1,34 +1,40 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python
+from __future__ import print_function
 from argparse import ArgumentParser
 import json
 import requests
 import sys
 import urllib
 
+try:
+    raw_input
+except NameError:  # Python 3
+    raw_input = input
+
+
 def _mkurl(template, kws):
     for key in kws:
         template = template.replace(key, kws[key])
     return template
 
+
 def main(hs, room_id, access_token, user_id_prefix, why):
     if not why:
         why = "Automated kick."
-    print "Kicking members on %s in room %s matching %s" % (hs, room_id, user_id_prefix)
+    print(
+        "Kicking members on %s in room %s matching %s" % (hs, room_id, user_id_prefix)
+    )
     room_state_url = _mkurl(
         "$HS/_matrix/client/api/v1/rooms/$ROOM/state?access_token=$TOKEN",
-        {
-            "$HS": hs,
-            "$ROOM": room_id,
-            "$TOKEN": access_token
-        }
+        {"$HS": hs, "$ROOM": room_id, "$TOKEN": access_token},
     )
-    print "Getting room state => %s" % room_state_url
+    print("Getting room state => %s" % room_state_url)
     res = requests.get(room_state_url)
-    print "HTTP %s" % res.status_code
+    print("HTTP %s" % res.status_code)
     state_events = res.json()
     if "error" in state_events:
-        print "FATAL"
-        print state_events
+        print("FATAL")
+        print(state_events)
         return
 
     kick_list = []
@@ -44,47 +50,40 @@ def main(hs, room_id, access_token, user_id_prefix, why):
             kick_list.append(event["state_key"])
 
     if len(kick_list) == 0:
-        print "No user IDs match the prefix '%s'" % user_id_prefix
+        print("No user IDs match the prefix '%s'" % user_id_prefix)
         return
 
-    print "The following user IDs will be kicked from %s" % room_name
+    print("The following user IDs will be kicked from %s" % room_name)
     for uid in kick_list:
-        print uid
+        print(uid)
     doit = raw_input("Continue? [Y]es\n")
-    if len(doit) > 0 and doit.lower() == 'y':
-        print "Kicking members..."
+    if len(doit) > 0 and doit.lower() == "y":
+        print("Kicking members...")
         # encode them all
         kick_list = [urllib.quote(uid) for uid in kick_list]
         for uid in kick_list:
             kick_url = _mkurl(
                 "$HS/_matrix/client/api/v1/rooms/$ROOM/state/m.room.member/$UID?access_token=$TOKEN",
-                {
-                    "$HS": hs,
-                    "$UID": uid,
-                    "$ROOM": room_id,
-                    "$TOKEN": access_token
-                }
+                {"$HS": hs, "$UID": uid, "$ROOM": room_id, "$TOKEN": access_token},
             )
-            kick_body = {
-                "membership": "leave",
-                "reason": why
-            }
-            print "Kicking %s" % uid
+            kick_body = {"membership": "leave", "reason": why}
+            print("Kicking %s" % uid)
             res = requests.put(kick_url, data=json.dumps(kick_body))
             if res.status_code != 200:
-                print "ERROR: HTTP %s" % res.status_code
+                print("ERROR: HTTP %s" % res.status_code)
             if res.json().get("error"):
-                print "ERROR: JSON %s" % res.json()
-            
-    
+                print("ERROR: JSON %s" % res.json())
+
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     parser = ArgumentParser("Kick members in a room matching a certain user ID prefix.")
-    parser.add_argument("-u","--user-id",help="The user ID prefix e.g. '@irc_'")
-    parser.add_argument("-t","--token",help="Your access_token")
-    parser.add_argument("-r","--room",help="The room ID to kick members in")
-    parser.add_argument("-s","--homeserver",help="The base HS url e.g. http://matrix.org")
-    parser.add_argument("-w","--why",help="Reason for the kick. Optional.")
+    parser.add_argument("-u", "--user-id", help="The user ID prefix e.g. '@irc_'")
+    parser.add_argument("-t", "--token", help="Your access_token")
+    parser.add_argument("-r", "--room", help="The room ID to kick members in")
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "-s", "--homeserver", help="The base HS url e.g. http://matrix.org"
+    )
+    parser.add_argument("-w", "--why", help="Reason for the kick. Optional.")
     args = parser.parse_args()
     if not args.room or not args.token or not args.user_id or not args.homeserver:
         parser.print_help()