Improve performance of _get_state_groups_from_groups_txn (#7567)

The query keeps showing up in my slow query log.

This changes the plan under the top-level Sort node from

```
    WindowAgg  (cost=280335.88..292963.15 rows=561212 width=80) (actual time=138.651..160.562 rows=27112 loops=1)
      ->  Sort  (cost=280335.88..281738.91 rows=561212 width=84) (actual time=138.597..140.622 rows=27112 loops=1)
            Sort Key: state_groups_state.type, state_groups_state.state_key, state_groups_state.state_group
            Sort Method: quicksort  Memory: 4581kB
            ->  Nested Loop  (cost=2.83..226745.22 rows=561212 width=84) (actual time=21.548..47.657 rows=27112 loops=1)
                  ->  HashAggregate  (cost=2.27..3.28 rows=101 width=8) (actual time=21.526..21.535 rows=20 loops=1)
                        Group Key: state.state_group
                        ->  CTE Scan on state  (cost=0.00..2.02 rows=101 width=8) (actual time=21.280..21.493 rows=20 loops=1)
                  ->  Index Scan using state_groups_state_type_idx on state_groups_state  (cost=0.56..2189.40 rows=5557 width=84) (actual time=0.005..0.991 rows=1356 loops=20)
                        Index Cond: (state_group = state.state_group)
```

to

```
    Nested Loop  (cost=2.83..226745.22 rows=561212 width=84) (actual time=24.194..52.834 rows=27112 loops=1)
      ->  HashAggregate  (cost=2.27..3.28 rows=101 width=8) (actual time=24.130..24.138 rows=20 loops=1)
            Group Key: state.state_group
            ->  CTE Scan on state  (cost=0.00..2.02 rows=101 width=8) (actual time=23.887..24.113 rows=20 loops=1)
      ->  Index Scan using state_groups_state_type_idx on state_groups_state  (cost=0.56..2189.40 rows=5557 width=84) (actual time=0.016..1.159 rows=1356 loops=20)
            Index Cond: (state_group = state.state_group)
```

This cuts the execution time from ~190ms to ~130ms, i.e. a reduction
of ~30%.

The full plans are visualised at https://explain.depesz.com/s/WpbT and
https://explain.depesz.com/s/KlEk

Signed-off-by: Dagfinn Ilmari Mannsåker <ilmari@ilmari.org>

1 files changed, 1 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/changelog.d/7567.misc b/changelog.d/7567.misc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b086d5d026
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7567.misc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Improve query performance for fetching state from a PostgreSQL database.