Merge branch 'release-v0.8.0' of github.com:matrix-org/synapse v0.8.0

91 files changed, 2909 insertions, 925 deletions

diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index 3899c5a250..960183a794 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -41,3 +41,4 @@ media_store/
 build/
 
 localhost-800*/
+static/client/register/register_config.js
diff --git a/CHANGES.rst b/CHANGES.rst
index 0ccf4c004c..f89542a2bb 100644
--- a/CHANGES.rst
+++ b/CHANGES.rst
@@ -1,3 +1,40 @@
+Changes in synapse v0.8.0 (2015-03-06)
+======================================
+
+General:
+
+* Add support for registration fallback. This is a page hosted on the server
+  which allows a user to register for an account, regardless of what client
+  they are using (e.g. mobile devices).
+
+* Added new default push rules and made them configurable by clients:
+
+  * Suppress all notice messages.
+  * Notify when invited to a new room.
+  * Notify for messages that don't match any rule.
+  * Notify on incoming call.
+
+Federation:
+
+* Added per host server side rate-limiting of incoming federation requests.
+* Added a ``/get_missing_events/`` API to federation to reduce number of
+  ``/events/`` requests.
+
+Configuration:
+
+* Added configuration option to disable registration:
+  ``disable_registration``.
+* Added configuration option to change soft limit of number of open file
+  descriptors: ``soft_file_limit``.
+* Make ``tls_private_key_path`` optional when running with ``no_tls``.
+
+Application services:
+
+* Application services can now poll on the CS API ``/events`` for their events,
+  by providing their application service ``access_token``.
+* Added exclusive namespace support to application services API.
+
+
 Changes in synapse v0.7.1 (2015-02-19)
 ======================================
 
diff --git a/UPGRADE.rst b/UPGRADE.rst
index 6ea348acc3..87dd6e04a8 100644
--- a/UPGRADE.rst
+++ b/UPGRADE.rst
@@ -1,3 +1,18 @@
+Upgrading to v0.8.0
+===================
+
+Servers which use captchas will need to add their public key to::
+
+  static/client/register/register_config.js
+
+    window.matrixRegistrationConfig = {
+        recaptcha_public_key: "YOUR_PUBLIC_KEY"
+    };
+
+This is required in order to support registration fallback (typically used on
+mobile devices).
+
+
 Upgrading to v0.7.0
 ===================
 
diff --git a/contrib/vertobot/bridge.pl b/contrib/vertobot/bridge.pl
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..e1a07f6659
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/vertobot/bridge.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,489 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env perl 
+
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+use 5.010; # //
+use IO::Socket::SSL qw(SSL_VERIFY_NONE);
+use IO::Async::Loop;
+use Net::Async::WebSocket::Client;
+use Net::Async::HTTP;
+use Net::Async::HTTP::Server;
+use JSON;
+use YAML;
+use Data::UUID;
+use Getopt::Long;
+use Data::Dumper;
+use URI::Encode qw(uri_encode uri_decode);
+    
+binmode STDOUT, ":encoding(UTF-8)";
+binmode STDERR, ":encoding(UTF-8)";
+
+my $msisdn_to_matrix = {
+    '447417892400' => '@matthew:matrix.org',
+};
+
+my $matrix_to_msisdn = {};
+foreach (keys %$msisdn_to_matrix) {
+    $matrix_to_msisdn->{$msisdn_to_matrix->{$_}} = $_;
+}
+
+
+my $loop = IO::Async::Loop->new;
+# Net::Async::HTTP + SSL + IO::Poll doesn't play well. See
+#   https://rt.cpan.org/Ticket/Display.html?id=93107
+# ref $loop eq "IO::Async::Loop::Poll" and
+#     warn "Using SSL with IO::Poll causes known memory-leaks!!\n";
+
+GetOptions(
+   'C|config=s' => \my $CONFIG,
+   'eval-from=s' => \my $EVAL_FROM,
+) or exit 1;
+
+if( defined $EVAL_FROM ) {
+    # An emergency 'eval() this file' hack
+    $SIG{HUP} = sub {
+        my $code = do {
+            open my $fh, "<", $EVAL_FROM or warn( "Cannot read - $!" ), return;
+            local $/; <$fh>
+        };
+
+        eval $code or warn "Cannot eval() - $@";
+    };
+}
+
+defined $CONFIG or die "Must supply --config\n";
+
+my %CONFIG = %{ YAML::LoadFile( $CONFIG ) };
+
+my %MATRIX_CONFIG = %{ $CONFIG{matrix} };
+# No harm in always applying this
+$MATRIX_CONFIG{SSL_verify_mode} = SSL_VERIFY_NONE;
+
+my $bridgestate = {};
+my $roomid_by_callid = {};
+    
+my $sessid = lc new Data::UUID->create_str();    
+my $as_token = $CONFIG{"matrix-bot"}->{as_token};
+my $hs_domain = $CONFIG{"matrix-bot"}->{domain};
+
+my $http = Net::Async::HTTP->new();
+$loop->add( $http );
+
+sub create_virtual_user
+{
+    my ($localpart) = @_;
+    my ( $response ) = $http->do_request(
+        method => "POST",
+        uri => URI->new(
+            $CONFIG{"matrix"}->{server}.
+                "/_matrix/client/api/v1/register?".
+                "access_token=$as_token&user_id=$localpart"
+        ),
+        content_type => "application/json",
+        content => <<EOT
+{
+    "type": "m.login.application_service",
+    "user": "$localpart"
+}
+EOT
+    )->get;    
+    warn $response->as_string if ($response->code != 200);
+}
+    
+my $http_server =  Net::Async::HTTP::Server->new(
+    on_request => sub {
+        my $self = shift;
+        my ( $req ) = @_;
+
+        my $response;
+        my $path = uri_decode($req->path);
+        warn("request: $path");
+        if ($path =~ m#/users/\@(\+.*)#) {
+            # when queried about virtual users, auto-create them in the HS
+            my $localpart = $1;
+            create_virtual_user($localpart);
+            $response = HTTP::Response->new( 200 );
+            $response->add_content('{}');
+            $response->content_type( "application/json" );
+        }
+        elsif ($path =~ m#/transactions/(.*)#) {
+            my $event = JSON->new->decode($req->body);
+            print Dumper($event);
+
+            my $room_id = $event->{room_id};
+            my %dp = %{$CONFIG{'verto-dialog-params'}};
+            $dp{callID} = $bridgestate->{$room_id}->{callid};
+
+            if ($event->{type} eq 'm.room.membership') {
+                my $membership = $event->{content}->{membership};
+                my $state_key = $event->{state_key};
+                my $room_id = $event->{state_id};
+                
+                if ($membership eq 'invite') {
+                    # autojoin invites
+                    my ( $response ) = $http->do_request(
+                        method => "POST",
+                        uri => URI->new(
+                            $CONFIG{"matrix"}->{server}.
+                                "/_matrix/client/api/v1/rooms/$room_id/join?".
+                                "access_token=$as_token&user_id=$state_key"
+                        ),
+                        content_type => "application/json",
+                        content => "{}",
+                    )->get;
+                    warn $response->as_string if ($response->code != 200);
+                }
+            }
+            elsif ($event->{type} eq 'm.call.invite') {
+                my $room_id = $event->{room_id};
+                $bridgestate->{$room_id}->{matrix_callid} = $event->{content}->{call_id};
+                $bridgestate->{$room_id}->{callid} = lc new Data::UUID->create_str();
+                $bridgestate->{$room_id}->{sessid} = $sessid;                
+                # $bridgestate->{$room_id}->{offer} = $event->{content}->{offer}->{sdp};
+                my $offer = $event->{content}->{offer}->{sdp};
+                # $bridgestate->{$room_id}->{gathered_candidates} = 0;
+                $roomid_by_callid->{ $bridgestate->{$room_id}->{callid} } = $room_id;
+                # no trickle ICE in verto apparently
+
+                my $f = send_verto_json_request("verto.invite", {
+                    "sdp" => $offer,
+                    "dialogParams" => \%dp,
+                    "sessid" => $bridgestate->{$room_id}->{sessid},
+                });
+                $self->adopt_future($f);
+            }
+            # elsif ($event->{type} eq 'm.call.candidates') {
+            #     # XXX: this could fire for both matrix->verto and verto->matrix calls
+            #     # and races as it collects candidates. much better to just turn off
+            #     # candidate gathering in the webclient entirely for now
+            #     
+            #     my $room_id = $event->{room_id};
+            #     # XXX: compare call IDs
+            #     if (!$bridgestate->{$room_id}->{gathered_candidates}) {
+            #         $bridgestate->{$room_id}->{gathered_candidates} = 1;
+            #         my $offer = $bridgestate->{$room_id}->{offer};
+            #         my $candidate_block = "";
+            #         foreach (@{$event->{content}->{candidates}}) {
+            #             $candidate_block .= "a=" . $_->{candidate} . "\r\n";
+            #         }
+            #         # XXX: collate using the right m= line - for now assume audio call
+            #         $offer =~ s/(a=rtcp.*[\r\n]+)/$1$candidate_block/;
+            #     
+            #         my $f = send_verto_json_request("verto.invite", {
+            #             "sdp" => $offer,
+            #             "dialogParams" => \%dp,
+            #             "sessid" => $bridgestate->{$room_id}->{sessid},
+            #         });
+            #         $self->adopt_future($f);
+            #     }
+            #     else {
+            #         # ignore them, as no trickle ICE, although we might as well
+            #         # batch them up
+            #         # foreach (@{$event->{content}->{candidates}}) {
+            #         #     push @{$bridgestate->{$room_id}->{candidates}}, $_;
+            #         # }
+            #     }
+            # }
+            elsif ($event->{type} eq 'm.call.answer') {
+                # grab the answer and relay it to verto as a verto.answer
+                my $room_id = $event->{room_id};
+                
+                my $answer = $event->{content}->{answer}->{sdp};
+                my $f = send_verto_json_request("verto.answer", {
+                    "sdp" => $answer,
+                    "dialogParams" => \%dp,
+                    "sessid" => $bridgestate->{$room_id}->{sessid},
+                });
+                $self->adopt_future($f);
+            }
+            elsif ($event->{type} eq 'm.call.hangup') {
+                my $room_id = $event->{room_id};
+                if ($bridgestate->{$room_id}->{matrix_callid} eq $event->{content}->{call_id}) {
+                    my $f = send_verto_json_request("verto.bye", {
+                        "dialogParams" => \%dp,
+                        "sessid" => $bridgestate->{$room_id}->{sessid},
+                    });
+                    $self->adopt_future($f);
+                }
+                else {
+                    warn "Ignoring unrecognised callid: ".$event->{content}->{call_id};
+                }
+            }
+            else {
+                warn "Unhandled event: $event->{type}";
+            }
+            
+            $response = HTTP::Response->new( 200 );
+            $response->add_content('{}');
+            $response->content_type( "application/json" );            
+        }
+        else {
+            warn "Unhandled path: $path";
+            $response = HTTP::Response->new( 404 );
+        }
+
+        $req->respond( $response );
+    },
+);
+$loop->add( $http_server );
+
+$http_server->listen(
+    addr => { family => "inet", socktype => "stream", port => 8009 },
+    on_listen_error => sub { die "Cannot listen - $_[-1]\n" },
+);
+
+my $bot_verto = Net::Async::WebSocket::Client->new(
+    on_frame => sub {
+          my ( $self, $frame ) = @_;
+          warn "[Verto] receiving $frame";
+          on_verto_json($frame);
+    },
+);
+$loop->add( $bot_verto );
+
+my $verto_connecting = $loop->new_future;
+$bot_verto->connect(
+    %{ $CONFIG{"verto-bot"} },
+    on_connected => sub {
+        warn("[Verto] connected to websocket");
+        if (not $verto_connecting->is_done) {
+            $verto_connecting->done($bot_verto);
+
+            send_verto_json_request("login", {
+                'login' => $CONFIG{'verto-dialog-params'}{'login'},
+                'passwd' => $CONFIG{'verto-config'}{'passwd'},
+                'sessid' => $sessid,
+            });
+        }
+    },
+    on_connect_error => sub { die "Cannot connect to verto - $_[-1]" },
+    on_resolve_error => sub { die "Cannot resolve to verto - $_[-1]" },        
+);
+
+# die Dumper($verto_connecting);
+
+my $as_url = $CONFIG{"matrix-bot"}->{as_url};
+
+Future->needs_all(
+    $http->do_request(
+        method => "POST",
+        uri => URI->new( $CONFIG{"matrix"}->{server}."/_matrix/appservice/v1/register" ),
+        content_type => "application/json",
+        content => <<EOT
+{
+    "as_token": "$as_token",
+    "url": "$as_url",
+    "namespaces": { "users": ["\@\\\\+.*"] }
+}
+EOT
+    ),
+    $verto_connecting,
+)->get;
+
+$loop->attach_signal(
+    PIPE => sub { warn "pipe\n" }
+);
+$loop->attach_signal(
+    INT => sub { $loop->stop },
+);
+$loop->attach_signal(
+    TERM => sub { $loop->stop },
+);
+
+eval {
+   $loop->run;
+} or my $e = $@;
+
+die $e if $e;
+
+exit 0;
+
+{    
+    my $json_id;
+    my $requests;
+
+    sub send_verto_json_request
+    {
+        $json_id ||= 1;
+        
+        my ($method, $params) = @_;
+        my $json = {
+            jsonrpc => "2.0",
+            method  => $method,
+            params  => $params,
+            id      => $json_id,
+        };
+        my $text = JSON->new->encode( $json );
+        warn "[Verto] sending $text";
+        $bot_verto->send_frame ( $text );
+        my $request = $loop->new_future;
+        $requests->{$json_id} = $request;
+        $json_id++;
+        return $request;
+    }
+    
+    sub send_verto_json_response
+    {
+        my ($result, $id) = @_;
+        my $json = {
+            jsonrpc => "2.0",
+            result  => $result,
+            id      => $id,
+        };
+        my $text = JSON->new->encode( $json );
+        warn "[Verto] sending $text";
+        $bot_verto->send_frame ( $text );
+    }
+    
+    sub on_verto_json
+    {
+        my $json = JSON->new->decode( $_[0] );
+        if ($json->{method}) {
+            if (($json->{method} eq 'verto.answer' && $json->{params}->{sdp}) ||
+                $json->{method} eq 'verto.media') {
+
+                my $caller = $json->{dialogParams}->{caller_id_number};
+                my $callee = $json->{dialogParams}->{destination_number};
+                my $caller_user = '@+' . $caller . ':' . $hs_domain;
+                my $callee_user = $msisdn_to_matrix->{$callee} || warn "unrecogised callee: $callee";                                
+                my $room_id = $roomid_by_callid->{$json->{params}->{callID}};
+
+                if ($json->{params}->{sdp}) {
+                    $http->do_request(
+                        method => "POST",
+                        uri => URI->new(
+                            $CONFIG{"matrix"}->{server}.
+                                "/_matrix/client/api/v1/send/m.call.answer?".
+                                "access_token=$as_token&user_id=$caller_user"
+                        ),
+                        content_type => "application/json",
+                        content => JSON->new->encode({
+                            call_id => $bridgestate->{$room_id}->{matrix_callid},
+                            version => 0,
+                            answer  => {
+                                sdp => $json->{params}->{sdp},
+                                type => "answer",
+                            },
+                        }),
+                    )->then( sub {
+                        send_verto_json_response( {
+                            method => $json->{method},
+                        }, $json->{id});
+                    })->get;
+                }
+            }
+            elsif ($json->{method} eq 'verto.invite') {
+                my $caller = $json->{dialogParams}->{caller_id_number};
+                my $callee = $json->{dialogParams}->{destination_number};
+                my $caller_user = '@+' . $caller . ':' . $hs_domain;
+                my $callee_user = $msisdn_to_matrix->{$callee} || warn "unrecogised callee: $callee";
+                    
+                my $alias = ($caller lt $callee) ? ($caller.'-'.$callee) : ($callee.'-'.$caller);
+                my $room_id;
+
+                # create a virtual user for the caller if needed.
+                create_virtual_user($caller);
+                
+                # create a room of form #peer-peer and invite the callee
+                $http->do_request(
+                    method => "POST",
+                    uri => URI->new(
+                        $CONFIG{"matrix"}->{server}.
+                            "/_matrix/client/api/v1/createRoom?".
+                            "access_token=$as_token&user_id=$caller_user"
+                    ),
+                    content_type => "application/json",
+                    content => JSON->new->encode({
+                        room_alias_name => $alias,
+                        invite => [ $callee_user ],
+                    }),
+                )->then( sub {
+                    my ( $response ) = @_;
+                    my $resp = JSON->new->decode($response->content);
+                    $room_id = $resp->{room_id};
+                    $roomid_by_callid->{$json->{params}->{callID}} = $room_id;
+                })->get;
+
+                # join it
+                my ($response) = $http->do_request(
+                    method => "POST",
+                    uri => URI->new(
+                        $CONFIG{"matrix"}->{server}.
+                            "/_matrix/client/api/v1/join/$room_id?".
+                            "access_token=$as_token&user_id=$caller_user"
+                    ),
+                    content_type => "application/json",
+                    content => '{}',
+                )->get;
+
+                $bridgestate->{$room_id}->{matrix_callid} = lc new Data::UUID->create_str();
+                $bridgestate->{$room_id}->{callid} = $json->{dialogParams}->{callID};
+                $bridgestate->{$room_id}->{sessid} = $sessid;
+
+                # put the m.call.invite in there
+                $http->do_request(
+                    method => "POST",
+                    uri => URI->new(
+                        $CONFIG{"matrix"}->{server}.
+                            "/_matrix/client/api/v1/send/m.call.invite?".
+                            "access_token=$as_token&user_id=$caller_user"
+                    ),
+                    content_type => "application/json",
+                    content => JSON->new->encode({
+                        call_id => $bridgestate->{$room_id}->{matrix_callid},
+                        version => 0,
+                        answer  => {
+                            sdp => $json->{params}->{sdp},
+                            type => "offer",
+                        },
+                    }),
+                )->then( sub {
+                    # acknowledge the verto
+                    send_verto_json_response( {
+                        method => $json->{method},
+                    }, $json->{id});
+                })->get;
+            }
+            elsif ($json->{method} eq 'verto.bye') {
+                my $caller = $json->{dialogParams}->{caller_id_number};
+                my $callee = $json->{dialogParams}->{destination_number};
+                my $caller_user = '@+' . $caller . ':' . $hs_domain;
+                my $callee_user = $msisdn_to_matrix->{$callee} || warn "unrecogised callee: $callee";                                
+                my $room_id = $roomid_by_callid->{$json->{params}->{callID}};
+                
+                # put the m.call.hangup into the room
+                $http->do_request(
+                    method => "POST",
+                    uri => URI->new(
+                        $CONFIG{"matrix"}->{server}.
+                            "/_matrix/client/api/v1/send/m.call.hangup?".
+                            "access_token=$as_token&user_id=$caller_user"
+                    ),
+                    content_type => "application/json",
+                    content => JSON->new->encode({
+                        call_id => $bridgestate->{$room_id}->{matrix_callid},
+                        version => 0,
+                    }),
+                )->then( sub {
+                    # acknowledge the verto
+                    send_verto_json_response( {
+                        method => $json->{method},
+                    }, $json->{id});
+                })->get;
+            }
+            else {
+                warn ("[Verto] unhandled method: " . $json->{method});
+                send_verto_json_response( {
+                    method => $json->{method},
+                }, $json->{id});
+            }
+        }
+        elsif ($json->{result}) {
+            $requests->{$json->{id}}->done($json->{result});
+        }
+        elsif ($json->{error}) {
+            $requests->{$json->{id}}->fail($json->{error}->{message}, $json->{error});
+        }
+    }
+}
+
diff --git a/docs/turn-howto.rst b/docs/turn-howto.rst
index 82b59538c8..e2c73458e2 100644
--- a/docs/turn-howto.rst
+++ b/docs/turn-howto.rst
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ Your home server configuration file needs the following extra keys:
 As an example, here is the relevant section of the config file for
 matrix.org::
 
-    turn_uris: turn:turn.matrix.org:3478?transport=udp,turn:turn.matrix.org:3478?transport=tcp
+    turn_uris: [ "turn:turn.matrix.org:3478?transport=udp", "turn:turn.matrix.org:3478?transport=tcp" ]
     turn_shared_secret: n0t4ctuAllymatr1Xd0TorgSshar3d5ecret4obvIousreAsons
     turn_user_lifetime: 86400000
 
diff --git a/static/client/register/index.html b/static/client/register/index.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..600b3ee41e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/static/client/register/index.html
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+<html>
+<head>
+<title> Registration </title>
+<meta name='viewport' content='width=device-width, initial-scale=1, user-scalable=no, minimum-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0'> 
+<link rel="stylesheet" href="style.css">
+<script src="js/jquery-2.1.3.min.js"></script>
+<script src="js/recaptcha_ajax.js"></script>
+<script src="register_config.js"></script>
+<script src="js/register.js"></script>
+</head>
+<body onload="matrixRegistration.onLoad()">
+<form id="registrationForm" onsubmit="matrixRegistration.signUp(); return false;">
+    <div>
+        Create account:<br/>
+        
+        <div style="text-align: center">
+            <input id="desired_user_id" size="32" type="text" placeholder="Matrix ID (e.g. bob)" autocapitalize="off" autocorrect="off" />
+            <br/>
+            <input id="pwd1" size="32" type="password" placeholder="Type a password"/>
+            <br/>
+            <input id="pwd2" size="32" type="password" placeholder="Confirm your password"/>
+            <br/>
+            <span id="feedback" style="color: #f00"></span>
+            <br/>
+            <div id="regcaptcha"></div>
+
+            <button type="submit" style="margin: 10px">Sign up</button>
+        </div>
+    </div>
+</form>
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/static/client/register/js/jquery-2.1.3.min.js b/static/client/register/js/jquery-2.1.3.min.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..25714ed29a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/static/client/register/js/jquery-2.1.3.min.js
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+/*! jQuery v2.1.3 | (c) 2005, 2014 jQuery Foundation, Inc. | jquery.org/license */
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<td style="padding: 18px 7px 18px 7px;"> <img id=\'recaptcha_logo\' alt="" width="71" height="36" /> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left: 7px;"> <div class="recaptcha_input_area" style="padding-top: 2px; padding-bottom: 7px;"> <input style="border: 1px solid #3c3c3c; width: 302px;" name="recaptcha_response_field" id="recaptcha_response_field" type="text" /> </div> </td> <td colspan=2><span id="recaptcha_privacy" class="recaptcha_only_if_privacy"></span></td> </tr> </table> ';v.VertCss=".recaptchatable td img{display:block}.recaptchatable .recaptcha_r1_c1{background:url('IMGROOT/sprite.png') 0 -63px no-repeat;width:318px;height:9px}.recaptchatable .recaptcha_r2_c1{background:url('IMGROOT/sprite.png') -18px 0 no-repeat;width:9px;height:57px}.recaptchatable .recaptcha_r2_c2{background:url('IMGROOT/sprite.png') -27px 0 no-repeat;width:9px;height:57px}.recaptchatable .recaptcha_r3_c1{background:url('IMGROOT/sprite.png') 0 0 no-repeat;width:9px;height:63px}.recaptchatable .recaptcha_r3_c2{background:url('IMGROOT/sprite.png') -18px -57px no-repeat;width:300px;height:6px}.recaptchatable .recaptcha_r3_c3{background:url('IMGROOT/sprite.png') -9px 0 no-repeat;width:9px;height:63px}.recaptchatable .recaptcha_r4_c1{background:url('IMGROOT/sprite.png') -43px 0 no-repeat;width:171px;height:49px}.recaptchatable .recaptcha_r4_c2{background:url('IMGROOT/sprite.png') -36px 0 no-repeat;width:7px;height:57px}.recaptchatable .recaptcha_r4_c4{background:url('IMGROOT/sprite.png') -214px 0 no-repeat;width:97px;height:57px}.recaptchatable .recaptcha_r7_c1{background:url('IMGROOT/sprite.png') -43px -49px no-repeat;width:171px;height:8px}.recaptchatable .recaptcha_r8_c1{background:url('IMGROOT/sprite.png') -43px -49px no-repeat;width:25px;height:8px}.recaptchatable .recaptcha_image_cell center img{height:57px}.recaptchatable .recaptcha_image_cell center{height:57px}.recaptchatable .recaptcha_image_cell{background-color:white;height:57px}#recaptcha_area,#recaptcha_table{width:318px!important}.recaptchatable,#recaptcha_area tr,#recaptcha_area td,#recaptcha_area th{margin:0!important;border:0!important;padding:0!important;border-collapse:collapse!important;vertical-align:middle!important}.recaptchatable *{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-family:helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:8pt;color:black;position:static;top:auto;left:auto;right:auto;bottom:auto}.recaptchatable #recaptcha_image{position:relative;margin:auto}.recaptchatable #recaptcha_image #recaptcha_challenge_image{display:block}.recaptchatable #recaptcha_image #recaptcha_ad_image{display:block;position:absolute;top:0}.recaptchatable img{border:0!important;margin:0!important;padding:0!important}.recaptchatable a,.recaptchatable a:hover{cursor:pointer;outline:none;border:0!important;padding:0!important;text-decoration:none;color:blue;background:none!important;font-weight:normal}.recaptcha_input_area{position:relative!important;width:153px!important;height:45px!important;margin-left:7px!important;margin-right:7px!important;background:none!important}.recaptchatable label.recaptcha_input_area_text{margin:0!important;padding:0!important;position:static!important;top:auto!important;left:auto!important;right:auto!important;bottom:auto!important;background:none!important;height:auto!important;width:auto!important}.recaptcha_theme_red label.recaptcha_input_area_text,.recaptcha_theme_white label.recaptcha_input_area_text{color:black!important}.recaptcha_theme_blackglass label.recaptcha_input_area_text{color:white!important}.recaptchatable #recaptcha_response_field{width:153px!important;position:relative!important;bottom:7px!important;padding:0!important;margin:15px 0 0 0!important;font-size:10pt}.recaptcha_theme_blackglass #recaptcha_response_field,.recaptcha_theme_white #recaptcha_response_field{border:1px solid gray}.recaptcha_theme_red #recaptcha_response_field{border:1px solid #cca940}.recaptcha_audio_cant_hear_link{font-size:7pt;color:black}.recaptchatable{line-height:1!important}#recaptcha_instructions_error{color:red!important}.recaptcha_only_if_privacy{float:right;text-align:right}#recaptcha-ad-choices{position:absolute;height:15px;top:0;right:0}#recaptcha-ad-choices img{height:15px}.recaptcha-ad-choices-collapsed{width:30px;height:15px;display:block}.recaptcha-ad-choices-expanded{width:75px;height:15px;display:none}#recaptcha-ad-choices:hover .recaptcha-ad-choices-collapsed{display:none}#recaptcha-ad-choices:hover .recaptcha-ad-choices-expanded{display:block}";var w={visual_challenge:"Get a visual challenge",audio_challenge:"Get an audio challenge",refresh_btn:"Get a new challenge",instructions_visual:"Type the text:",instructions_audio:"Type what you hear:",help_btn:"Help",play_again:"Play sound again",cant_hear_this:"Download sound as MP3",incorrect_try_again:"Incorrect. Try again.",image_alt_text:"reCAPTCHA challenge image",privacy_and_terms:"Privacy & Terms"},ja={visual_challenge:"\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064d \u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a",
+audio_challenge:"\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064d \u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a",refresh_btn:"\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064d \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f",instructions_visual:"\u064a\u0631\u062c\u0649 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635:",instructions_audio:"\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u0639\u0647:",help_btn:"\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629",play_again:"\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649",
+cant_hear_this:"\u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 MP3",incorrect_try_again:"\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d. \u0623\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629.",image_alt_text:"\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0646 reCAPTCHA",privacy_and_terms:"\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u062f"},ka={visual_challenge:"Obtener una pista visual",
+audio_challenge:"Obtener una pista sonora",refresh_btn:"Obtener una pista nueva",instructions_visual:"Introduzca el texto:",instructions_audio:"Escribe lo que oigas:",help_btn:"Ayuda",play_again:"Volver a reproducir el sonido",cant_hear_this:"Descargar el sonido en MP3",incorrect_try_again:"Incorrecto. Vu\u00e9lvelo a intentar.",image_alt_text:"Pista de imagen reCAPTCHA",privacy_and_terms:"Privacidad y condiciones"},la={visual_challenge:"Kumuha ng pagsubok na visual",audio_challenge:"Kumuha ng pagsubok na audio",
+refresh_btn:"Kumuha ng bagong pagsubok",instructions_visual:"I-type ang teksto:",instructions_audio:"I-type ang iyong narinig",help_btn:"Tulong",play_again:"I-play muli ang tunog",cant_hear_this:"I-download ang tunog bilang MP3",incorrect_try_again:"Hindi wasto. Muling subukan.",image_alt_text:"larawang panghamon ng reCAPTCHA",privacy_and_terms:"Privacy at Mga Tuntunin"},ma={visual_challenge:"Test visuel",audio_challenge:"Test audio",refresh_btn:"Nouveau test",instructions_visual:"Saisissez le texte\u00a0:",
+instructions_audio:"Qu'entendez-vous ?",help_btn:"Aide",play_again:"R\u00e9\u00e9couter",cant_hear_this:"T\u00e9l\u00e9charger l'audio au format MP3",incorrect_try_again:"Incorrect. Veuillez r\u00e9essayer.",image_alt_text:"Image reCAPTCHA",privacy_and_terms:"Confidentialit\u00e9 et conditions d'utilisation"},na={visual_challenge:"Dapatkan kata pengujian berbentuk visual",audio_challenge:"Dapatkan kata pengujian berbentuk audio",refresh_btn:"Dapatkan kata pengujian baru",instructions_visual:"Ketik teks:",
+instructions_audio:"Ketik yang Anda dengar:",help_btn:"Bantuan",play_again:"Putar suara sekali lagi",cant_hear_this:"Unduh suara sebagai MP3",incorrect_try_again:"Salah. Coba lagi.",image_alt_text:"Gambar tantangan reCAPTCHA",privacy_and_terms:"Privasi & Persyaratan"},oa={visual_challenge:"\u05e7\u05d1\u05dc \u05d0\u05ea\u05d2\u05e8 \u05d7\u05d6\u05d5\u05ea\u05d9",audio_challenge:"\u05e7\u05d1\u05dc \u05d0\u05ea\u05d2\u05e8 \u05e9\u05de\u05e2",refresh_btn:"\u05e7\u05d1\u05dc \u05d0\u05ea\u05d2\u05e8 \u05d7\u05d3\u05e9",
+instructions_visual:"\u05d4\u05e7\u05dc\u05d3 \u05d0\u05ea \u05d4\u05d8\u05e7\u05e1\u05d8:",instructions_audio:"\u05d4\u05e7\u05dc\u05d3 \u05d0\u05ea \u05de\u05d4 \u05e9\u05d0\u05ea\u05d4 \u05e9\u05d5\u05de\u05e2:",help_btn:"\u05e2\u05d6\u05e8\u05d4",play_again:"\u05d4\u05e4\u05e2\u05dc \u05e9\u05d5\u05d1 \u05d0\u05ea \u05d4\u05e9\u05de\u05e2",cant_hear_this:"\u05d4\u05d5\u05e8\u05d3 \u05e9\u05de\u05e2 \u05db-3MP",incorrect_try_again:"\u05e9\u05d2\u05d5\u05d9. \u05e0\u05e1\u05d4 \u05e9\u05d5\u05d1.",
+image_alt_text:"\u05ea\u05de\u05d5\u05e0\u05ea \u05d0\u05ea\u05d2\u05e8 \u05e9\u05dc reCAPTCHA",privacy_and_terms:"\u05e4\u05e8\u05d8\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea \u05d5\u05ea\u05e0\u05d0\u05d9\u05dd"},pa={visual_challenge:"Obter um desafio visual",audio_challenge:"Obter um desafio de \u00e1udio",refresh_btn:"Obter um novo desafio",instructions_visual:"Digite o texto:",instructions_audio:"Digite o que voc\u00ea ouve:",help_btn:"Ajuda",play_again:"Reproduzir som novamente",cant_hear_this:"Fazer download do som no formato MP3",
+incorrect_try_again:"Incorreto. Tente novamente.",image_alt_text:"Imagem de desafio reCAPTCHA",privacy_and_terms:"Privacidade e Termos"},qa={visual_challenge:"Ob\u0163ine\u0163i un cod captcha vizual",audio_challenge:"Ob\u0163ine\u0163i un cod captcha audio",refresh_btn:"Ob\u0163ine\u0163i un nou cod captcha",instructions_visual:"Introduce\u021bi textul:",instructions_audio:"Introduce\u0163i ceea ce auzi\u0163i:",help_btn:"Ajutor",play_again:"Reda\u0163i sunetul din nou",cant_hear_this:"Desc\u0103rca\u0163i fi\u015fierul audio ca MP3",
+incorrect_try_again:"Incorect. \u00cencerca\u0163i din nou.",image_alt_text:"Imagine de verificare reCAPTCHA",privacy_and_terms:"Confiden\u0163ialitate \u015fi termeni"},ra={visual_challenge:"\u6536\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u89c6\u9891\u9080\u8bf7",audio_challenge:"\u6362\u4e00\u7ec4\u97f3\u9891\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7801",refresh_btn:"\u6362\u4e00\u7ec4\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7801",instructions_visual:"\u8f93\u5165\u6587\u5b57\uff1a",instructions_audio:"\u8bf7\u952e\u5165\u60a8\u542c\u5230\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff1a",help_btn:"\u5e2e\u52a9",
+play_again:"\u91cd\u65b0\u64ad\u653e",cant_hear_this:"\u4ee5 MP3 \u683c\u5f0f\u4e0b\u8f7d\u58f0\u97f3",incorrect_try_again:"\u4e0d\u6b63\u786e\uff0c\u8bf7\u91cd\u8bd5\u3002",image_alt_text:"reCAPTCHA \u9a8c\u8bc1\u56fe\u7247",privacy_and_terms:"\u9690\u79c1\u6743\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u6761\u6b3e"},sa={en:w,af:{visual_challenge:"Kry 'n visuele verifi\u00ebring",audio_challenge:"Kry 'n klankverifi\u00ebring",refresh_btn:"Kry 'n nuwe verifi\u00ebring",instructions_visual:"",instructions_audio:"Tik wat jy hoor:",
+help_btn:"Hulp",play_again:"Speel geluid weer",cant_hear_this:"Laai die klank af as MP3",incorrect_try_again:"Verkeerd. Probeer weer.",image_alt_text:"reCAPTCHA-uitdagingprent",privacy_and_terms:"Privaatheid en bepalings"},am:{visual_challenge:"\u12e8\u12a5\u12ed\u1273 \u1270\u130b\u1323\u121a \u12a0\u130d\u129d",audio_challenge:"\u120c\u120b \u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12e8\u12f5\u121d\u133d \u1325\u12eb\u1244 \u12ed\u1245\u1228\u1265",refresh_btn:"\u120c\u120b \u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u1325\u12eb\u1244 \u12ed\u1245\u1228\u1265",
+instructions_visual:"",instructions_audio:"\u12e8\u121d\u1275\u1230\u121b\u12cd\u1295 \u1270\u12ed\u1265\u1361-",help_btn:"\u12a5\u1308\u12db",play_again:"\u12f5\u121d\u1339\u1295 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u1308\u1293 \u12a0\u132b\u12cd\u1275",cant_hear_this:"\u12f5\u121d\u1339\u1295 \u1260MP3 \u1245\u122d\u133d \u12a0\u12cd\u122d\u12f5",incorrect_try_again:"\u1275\u12ad\u12ad\u120d \u12a0\u12ed\u12f0\u1208\u121d\u1362 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u1308\u1293 \u121e\u12ad\u122d\u1362",image_alt_text:"reCAPTCHA \u121d\u1235\u120d \u130d\u1320\u121d",
+privacy_and_terms:"\u130d\u120b\u12ca\u1290\u1275 \u12a5\u1293 \u12cd\u120d"},ar:ja,"ar-EG":ja,bg:{visual_challenge:"\u041f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0438\u0437\u0443\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0430",audio_challenge:"\u0417\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0430\u0443\u0434\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442",refresh_btn:"\u0417\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u0432 \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442",
+instructions_visual:"\u0412\u044a\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0430:",instructions_audio:"\u0412\u044a\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0447\u0443\u0442\u043e\u0442\u043e:",help_btn:"\u041f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449",play_again:"\u041f\u043e\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0432\u0443\u043a\u0430",cant_hear_this:"\u0418\u0437\u0442\u0435\u0433\u043b\u044f\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0432\u0443\u043a\u0430 \u0432\u044a\u0432 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442 MP3",
+incorrect_try_again:"\u041d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043d\u043e. \u041e\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e.",image_alt_text:"\u0418\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0441 reCAPTCHA",privacy_and_terms:"\u041f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u0438 \u041e\u0431\u0449\u0438 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u044f"},
+bn:{visual_challenge:"\u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09a6\u09c3\u09b6\u09cd\u09af\u09ae\u09be\u09a8 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09a6\u09cd\u09ac\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09cd\u09ac\u09bf\u09a4\u09be \u09aa\u09be\u09a8",audio_challenge:"\u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u0985\u09a1\u09bf\u0993 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09a6\u09cd\u09ac\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09cd\u09ac\u09bf\u09a4\u09be  \u09aa\u09be\u09a8",refresh_btn:"\u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09a8\u09a4\u09c1\u09a8 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09a6\u09cd\u09ac\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09cd\u09ac\u09bf\u09a4\u09be  \u09aa\u09be\u09a8",
+instructions_visual:"",instructions_audio:"\u0986\u09aa\u09a8\u09bf \u09af\u09be \u09b6\u09c1\u09a8\u099b\u09c7\u09a8 \u09a4\u09be \u09b2\u09bf\u0996\u09c1\u09a8:",help_btn:"\u09b8\u09b9\u09be\u09df\u09a4\u09be",play_again:"\u0986\u09ac\u09be\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u0989\u09a8\u09cd\u09a1 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b2\u09c7 \u0995\u09b0\u09c1\u09a8",cant_hear_this:"MP3 \u09b0\u09c2\u09aa\u09c7 \u09b6\u09ac\u09cd\u09a6 \u09a1\u09be\u0989\u09a8\u09b2\u09cb\u09a1 \u0995\u09b0\u09c1\u09a8",incorrect_try_again:"\u09ac\u09c7\u09a0\u09bf\u0995\u09f7 \u0986\u09ac\u09be\u09b0 \u099a\u09c7\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c1\u09a8\u09f7",
+image_alt_text:"reCAPTCHA \u099a\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u09c7\u099e\u09cd\u099c \u099a\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0",privacy_and_terms:"\u0997\u09cb\u09aa\u09a8\u09c0\u09af\u09bc\u09a4\u09be \u0993 \u09b6\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09be\u09ac\u09b2\u09c0"},ca:{visual_challenge:"Obt\u00e9n un repte visual",audio_challenge:"Obteniu una pista sonora",refresh_btn:"Obteniu una pista nova",instructions_visual:"Escriviu el text:",instructions_audio:"Escriviu el que escolteu:",help_btn:"Ajuda",play_again:"Torna a reproduir el so",
+cant_hear_this:"Baixa el so com a MP3",incorrect_try_again:"No \u00e9s correcte. Torna-ho a provar.",image_alt_text:"Imatge del repte de reCAPTCHA",privacy_and_terms:"Privadesa i condicions"},cs:{visual_challenge:"Zobrazit vizu\u00e1ln\u00ed podobu v\u00fdrazu",audio_challenge:"P\u0159ehr\u00e1t zvukovou podobu v\u00fdrazu",refresh_btn:"Zobrazit nov\u00fd v\u00fdraz",instructions_visual:"Zadejte text:",instructions_audio:"Napi\u0161te, co jste sly\u0161eli:",help_btn:"N\u00e1pov\u011bda",play_again:"Znovu p\u0159ehr\u00e1t zvuk",
+cant_hear_this:"St\u00e1hnout zvuk ve form\u00e1tu MP3",incorrect_try_again:"\u0160patn\u011b. Zkuste to znovu.",image_alt_text:"Obr\u00e1zek reCAPTCHA",privacy_and_terms:"Ochrana soukrom\u00ed a smluvn\u00ed podm\u00ednky"},da:{visual_challenge:"Hent en visuel udfordring",audio_challenge:"Hent en lydudfordring",refresh_btn:"Hent en ny udfordring",instructions_visual:"Indtast teksten:",instructions_audio:"Indtast det, du h\u00f8rer:",help_btn:"Hj\u00e6lp",play_again:"Afspil lyden igen",cant_hear_this:"Download lyd som MP3",
+incorrect_try_again:"Forkert. Pr\u00f8v igen.",image_alt_text:"reCAPTCHA-udfordringsbillede",privacy_and_terms:"Privatliv og vilk\u00e5r"},de:{visual_challenge:"Captcha abrufen",audio_challenge:"Audio-Captcha abrufen",refresh_btn:"Neues Captcha abrufen",instructions_visual:"Geben Sie den angezeigten Text ein:",instructions_audio:"Geben Sie das Geh\u00f6rte ein:",help_btn:"Hilfe",play_again:"Wort erneut abspielen",cant_hear_this:"Wort als MP3 herunterladen",incorrect_try_again:"Falsch. Bitte versuchen Sie es erneut.",
+image_alt_text:"reCAPTCHA-Bild",privacy_and_terms:"Datenschutzerkl\u00e4rung & Nutzungsbedingungen"},el:{visual_challenge:"\u039f\u03c0\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7",audio_challenge:"\u0397\u03c7\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7",refresh_btn:"\u039d\u03ad\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7",instructions_visual:"\u03a0\u03bb\u03b7\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf:",
+instructions_audio:"\u03a0\u03bb\u03b7\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5:",help_btn:"\u0392\u03bf\u03ae\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1",play_again:"\u0391\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae \u03ae\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5 \u03be\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac",cant_hear_this:"\u039b\u03ae\u03c8\u03b7 \u03ae\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c9\u03c2 \u039c\u03a13",incorrect_try_again:"\u039b\u03ac\u03b8\u03bf\u03c2. \u0394\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03be\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac.",
+image_alt_text:"\u0395\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 reCAPTCHA",privacy_and_terms:"\u0391\u03c0\u03cc\u03c1\u03c1\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03b9"},"en-GB":w,"en-US":w,es:ka,"es-419":{visual_challenge:"Enfrentar un desaf\u00edo visual",audio_challenge:"Enfrentar un desaf\u00edo de audio",refresh_btn:"Enfrentar un nuevo desaf\u00edo",instructions_visual:"Escriba el texto:",instructions_audio:"Escribe lo que escuchas:",
+help_btn:"Ayuda",play_again:"Reproducir sonido de nuevo",cant_hear_this:"Descargar sonido en formato MP3",incorrect_try_again:"Incorrecto. Vuelve a intentarlo.",image_alt_text:"Imagen del desaf\u00edo de la reCAPTCHA",privacy_and_terms:"Privacidad y condiciones"},"es-ES":ka,et:{visual_challenge:"Kuva kuvap\u00f5hine robotil\u00f5ks",audio_challenge:"Kuva helip\u00f5hine robotil\u00f5ks",refresh_btn:"Kuva uus robotil\u00f5ks",instructions_visual:"Tippige tekst:",instructions_audio:"Tippige, mida kuulete.",
+help_btn:"Abi",play_again:"Esita heli uuesti",cant_hear_this:"Laadi heli alla MP3-vormingus",incorrect_try_again:"Vale. Proovige uuesti.",image_alt_text:"reCAPTCHA robotil\u00f5ksu kujutis",privacy_and_terms:"Privaatsus ja tingimused"},eu:{visual_challenge:"Eskuratu ikusizko erronka",audio_challenge:"Eskuratu audio-erronka",refresh_btn:"Eskuratu erronka berria",instructions_visual:"",instructions_audio:"Idatzi entzuten duzuna:",help_btn:"Laguntza",play_again:"Erreproduzitu soinua berriro",cant_hear_this:"Deskargatu soinua MP3 gisa",
+incorrect_try_again:"Ez da zuzena. Saiatu berriro.",image_alt_text:"reCAPTCHA erronkaren irudia",privacy_and_terms:"Pribatutasuna eta baldintzak"},fa:{visual_challenge:"\u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc",audio_challenge:"\u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u06cc \u0635\u0648\u062a\u06cc",refresh_btn:"\u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f",
+instructions_visual:"",instructions_audio:"\u0622\u0646\u0686\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u0627\u06cc\u067e \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:",help_btn:"\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u06cc",play_again:"\u067e\u062e\u0634 \u0645\u062c\u062f\u062f \u0635\u062f\u0627",cant_hear_this:"\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0648\u062f \u0635\u062f\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a MP3",incorrect_try_again:"\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a. \u062f\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.",
+image_alt_text:"\u062a\u0635\u0648\u06cc\u0631 \u0686\u0627\u0644\u0634\u06cc reCAPTCHA",privacy_and_terms:"\u062d\u0631\u06cc\u0645 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u06cc \u0648 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0637"},fi:{visual_challenge:"Kuvavahvistus",audio_challenge:"\u00c4\u00e4nivahvistus",refresh_btn:"Uusi kuva",instructions_visual:"Kirjoita teksti:",instructions_audio:"Kirjoita kuulemasi:",help_btn:"Ohje",play_again:"Toista \u00e4\u00e4ni uudelleen",cant_hear_this:"Lataa \u00e4\u00e4ni MP3-tiedostona",
+incorrect_try_again:"V\u00e4\u00e4rin. Yrit\u00e4 uudelleen.",image_alt_text:"reCAPTCHA-kuva",privacy_and_terms:"Tietosuoja ja k\u00e4ytt\u00f6ehdot"},fil:la,fr:ma,"fr-CA":{visual_challenge:"Obtenir un test visuel",audio_challenge:"Obtenir un test audio",refresh_btn:"Obtenir un nouveau test",instructions_visual:"Saisissez le texte\u00a0:",instructions_audio:"Tapez ce que vous entendez\u00a0:",help_btn:"Aide",play_again:"Jouer le son de nouveau",cant_hear_this:"T\u00e9l\u00e9charger le son en format MP3",
+incorrect_try_again:"Erreur, essayez \u00e0 nouveau",image_alt_text:"Image reCAPTCHA",privacy_and_terms:"Confidentialit\u00e9 et conditions d'utilisation"},"fr-FR":ma,gl:{visual_challenge:"Obter unha proba visual",audio_challenge:"Obter unha proba de audio",refresh_btn:"Obter unha proba nova",instructions_visual:"",instructions_audio:"Escribe o que escoitas:",help_btn:"Axuda",play_again:"Reproducir o son de novo",cant_hear_this:"Descargar son como MP3",incorrect_try_again:"Incorrecto. T\u00e9ntao de novo.",
+image_alt_text:"Imaxe de proba de reCAPTCHA",privacy_and_terms:"Privacidade e condici\u00f3ns"},gu:{visual_challenge:"\u0a8f\u0a95 \u0aa6\u0ac3\u0ab6\u0acd\u0aaf\u0abe\u0aa4\u0acd\u0aae\u0a95 \u0aaa\u0aa1\u0a95\u0abe\u0ab0 \u0aae\u0ac7\u0ab3\u0ab5\u0acb",audio_challenge:"\u0a8f\u0a95 \u0a91\u0aa1\u0abf\u0a93 \u0aaa\u0aa1\u0a95\u0abe\u0ab0 \u0aae\u0ac7\u0ab3\u0ab5\u0acb",refresh_btn:"\u0a8f\u0a95 \u0aa8\u0ab5\u0acb \u0aaa\u0aa1\u0a95\u0abe\u0ab0 \u0aae\u0ac7\u0ab3\u0ab5\u0acb",instructions_visual:"",
+instructions_audio:"\u0aa4\u0aae\u0ac7 \u0a9c\u0ac7 \u0ab8\u0abe\u0a82\u0aad\u0ab3\u0acb \u0a9b\u0acb \u0aa4\u0ac7 \u0ab2\u0a96\u0acb:",help_btn:"\u0ab8\u0ab9\u0abe\u0aaf",play_again:"\u0aa7\u0acd\u0ab5\u0aa8\u0abf \u0aab\u0ab0\u0ac0\u0aa5\u0ac0 \u0a9a\u0ab2\u0abe\u0ab5\u0acb",cant_hear_this:"MP3 \u0aa4\u0ab0\u0ac0\u0a95\u0ac7 \u0aa7\u0acd\u0ab5\u0aa8\u0abf\u0aa8\u0ac7 \u0aa1\u0abe\u0a89\u0aa8\u0ab2\u0acb\u0aa1 \u0a95\u0ab0\u0acb",incorrect_try_again:"\u0a96\u0acb\u0a9f\u0ac1\u0a82. \u0aab\u0ab0\u0ac0 \u0aaa\u0acd\u0ab0\u0aaf\u0abe\u0ab8 \u0a95\u0ab0\u0acb.",
+image_alt_text:"reCAPTCHA \u0aaa\u0aa1\u0a95\u0abe\u0ab0 \u0a9b\u0aac\u0ac0",privacy_and_terms:"\u0a97\u0acb\u0aaa\u0aa8\u0ac0\u0aaf\u0aa4\u0abe \u0a85\u0aa8\u0ac7 \u0ab6\u0ab0\u0aa4\u0acb"},hi:{visual_challenge:"\u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u0941\u0905\u0932 \u091a\u0941\u0928\u094c\u0924\u0940 \u0932\u0947\u0902",audio_challenge:"\u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0911\u0921\u093f\u092f\u094b \u091a\u0941\u0928\u094c\u0924\u0940 \u0932\u0947\u0902",refresh_btn:"\u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0928\u0908 \u091a\u0941\u0928\u094c\u0924\u0940 \u0932\u0947\u0902",
+instructions_visual:"\u091f\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0938\u094d\u091f \u091f\u093e\u0907\u092a \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902:",instructions_audio:"\u091c\u094b \u0906\u092a \u0938\u0941\u0928 \u0930\u0939\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0909\u0938\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u0916\u0947\u0902:",help_btn:"\u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0924\u093e",play_again:"\u0927\u094d\u200d\u0935\u0928\u093f \u092a\u0941\u0928: \u091a\u0932\u093e\u090f\u0902",cant_hear_this:"\u0927\u094d\u200d\u0935\u0928\u093f \u0915\u094b MP3 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0921\u093e\u0909\u0928\u0932\u094b\u0921 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902",
+incorrect_try_again:"\u0917\u0932\u0924. \u092a\u0941\u0928: \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902.",image_alt_text:"reCAPTCHA \u091a\u0941\u0928\u094c\u0924\u0940 \u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930",privacy_and_terms:"\u0917\u094b\u092a\u0928\u0940\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0936\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0947\u0902"},hr:{visual_challenge:"Dohvati vizualni upit",audio_challenge:"Dohvati zvu\u010dni upit",refresh_btn:"Dohvati novi upit",instructions_visual:"Unesite tekst:",instructions_audio:"Upi\u0161ite \u0161to \u010dujete:",
+help_btn:"Pomo\u0107",play_again:"Ponovi zvuk",cant_hear_this:"Preuzmi zvuk u MP3 formatu",incorrect_try_again:"Nije to\u010dno. Poku\u0161ajte ponovno.",image_alt_text:"Slikovni izazov reCAPTCHA",privacy_and_terms:"Privatnost i odredbe"},hu:{visual_challenge:"Vizu\u00e1lis kih\u00edv\u00e1s k\u00e9r\u00e9se",audio_challenge:"Hangkih\u00edv\u00e1s k\u00e9r\u00e9se",refresh_btn:"\u00daj kih\u00edv\u00e1s k\u00e9r\u00e9se",instructions_visual:"\u00cdrja be a sz\u00f6veget:",instructions_audio:"\u00cdrja le, amit hall:",
+help_btn:"S\u00fag\u00f3",play_again:"Hang ism\u00e9telt lej\u00e1tsz\u00e1sa",cant_hear_this:"Hang let\u00f6lt\u00e9se MP3 form\u00e1tumban",incorrect_try_again:"Hib\u00e1s. Pr\u00f3b\u00e1lkozzon \u00fajra.",image_alt_text:"reCAPTCHA ellen\u0151rz\u0151 k\u00e9p",privacy_and_terms:"Adatv\u00e9delem \u00e9s Szerz\u0151d\u00e9si Felt\u00e9telek"},hy:{visual_challenge:"\u054d\u057f\u0561\u0576\u0561\u056c \u057f\u0565\u057d\u0578\u0572\u0561\u056f\u0561\u0576 \u056d\u0576\u0564\u056b\u0580",audio_challenge:"\u054d\u057f\u0561\u0576\u0561\u056c \u0571\u0561\u0575\u0576\u0561\u0575\u056b\u0576 \u056d\u0576\u0564\u056b\u0580",
+refresh_btn:"\u054d\u057f\u0561\u0576\u0561\u056c \u0576\u0578\u0580 \u056d\u0576\u0564\u056b\u0580",instructions_visual:"\u0544\u0578\u0582\u057f\u0584\u0561\u0563\u0580\u0565\u0584 \u057f\u0565\u0584\u057d\u057f\u0568\u055d",instructions_audio:"\u0544\u0578\u0582\u057f\u0584\u0561\u0563\u0580\u0565\u0584 \u0561\u0575\u0576, \u056b\u0576\u0579 \u056c\u057d\u0578\u0582\u0574 \u0565\u0584\u055d",help_btn:"\u0555\u0563\u0576\u0578\u0582\u0569\u0575\u0578\u0582\u0576",play_again:"\u0546\u057e\u0561\u0563\u0561\u0580\u056f\u0565\u056c \u0571\u0561\u0575\u0576\u0568 \u056f\u0580\u056f\u056b\u0576",
+cant_hear_this:"\u0532\u0565\u057c\u0576\u0565\u056c \u0571\u0561\u0575\u0576\u0568 \u0578\u0580\u057a\u0565\u057d MP3",incorrect_try_again:"\u054d\u056d\u0561\u056c \u0567: \u0553\u0578\u0580\u0571\u0565\u0584 \u056f\u0580\u056f\u056b\u0576:",image_alt_text:"reCAPTCHA \u057a\u0561\u057f\u056f\u0565\u0580\u0578\u057e \u056d\u0576\u0564\u056b\u0580",privacy_and_terms:"\u0533\u0561\u0572\u057f\u0576\u056b\u0578\u0582\u0569\u0575\u0561\u0576 & \u057a\u0561\u0575\u0574\u0561\u0576\u0576\u0565\u0580"},
+id:na,is:{visual_challenge:"F\u00e1 a\u00f0gangspr\u00f3f sem mynd",audio_challenge:"F\u00e1 a\u00f0gangspr\u00f3f sem hlj\u00f3\u00f0skr\u00e1",refresh_btn:"F\u00e1 n\u00fdtt a\u00f0gangspr\u00f3f",instructions_visual:"",instructions_audio:"Sl\u00e1\u00f0u inn \u00fea\u00f0 sem \u00fe\u00fa heyrir:",help_btn:"Hj\u00e1lp",play_again:"Spila hlj\u00f3\u00f0 aftur",cant_hear_this:"S\u00e6kja hlj\u00f3\u00f0 sem MP3",incorrect_try_again:"Rangt. Reyndu aftur.",image_alt_text:"mynd reCAPTCHA a\u00f0gangspr\u00f3fs",
+privacy_and_terms:"Pers\u00f3nuvernd og skilm\u00e1lar"},it:{visual_challenge:"Verifica visiva",audio_challenge:"Verifica audio",refresh_btn:"Nuova verifica",instructions_visual:"Digita il testo:",instructions_audio:"Digita ci\u00f2 che senti:",help_btn:"Guida",play_again:"Riproduci di nuovo audio",cant_hear_this:"Scarica audio in MP3",incorrect_try_again:"Sbagliato. Riprova.",image_alt_text:"Immagine di verifica reCAPTCHA",privacy_and_terms:"Privacy e Termini"},iw:oa,ja:{visual_challenge:"\u753b\u50cf\u3067\u78ba\u8a8d\u3057\u307e\u3059",
+audio_challenge:"\u97f3\u58f0\u3067\u78ba\u8a8d\u3057\u307e\u3059",refresh_btn:"\u5225\u306e\u5358\u8a9e\u3067\u3084\u308a\u76f4\u3057\u307e\u3059",instructions_visual:"\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u3092\u5165\u529b:",instructions_audio:"\u805e\u3053\u3048\u305f\u5358\u8a9e\u3092\u5165\u529b\u3057\u307e\u3059:",help_btn:"\u30d8\u30eb\u30d7",play_again:"\u3082\u3046\u4e00\u5ea6\u805e\u304f",cant_hear_this:"MP3 \u3067\u97f3\u58f0\u3092\u30c0\u30a6\u30f3\u30ed\u30fc\u30c9",incorrect_try_again:"\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u3082\u3046\u4e00\u5ea6\u3084\u308a\u76f4\u3057\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\u3002",
+image_alt_text:"reCAPTCHA \u78ba\u8a8d\u7528\u753b\u50cf",privacy_and_terms:"\u30d7\u30e9\u30a4\u30d0\u30b7\u30fc\u3068\u5229\u7528\u898f\u7d04"},kn:{visual_challenge:"\u0ca6\u0cc3\u0cb6\u0ccd\u0caf \u0cb8\u0cb5\u0cbe\u0cb2\u0cca\u0c82\u0ca6\u0ca8\u0ccd\u0ca8\u0cc1 \u0cb8\u0ccd\u0cb5\u0cc0\u0c95\u0cb0\u0cbf\u0cb8\u0cbf",audio_challenge:"\u0c86\u0ca1\u0cbf\u0caf\u0ccb \u0cb8\u0cb5\u0cbe\u0cb2\u0cca\u0c82\u0ca6\u0ca8\u0ccd\u0ca8\u0cc1 \u0cb8\u0ccd\u0cb5\u0cc0\u0c95\u0cb0\u0cbf\u0cb8\u0cbf",refresh_btn:"\u0cb9\u0cca\u0cb8 \u0cb8\u0cb5\u0cbe\u0cb2\u0cca\u0c82\u0ca6\u0ca8\u0ccd\u0ca8\u0cc1 \u0caa\u0ca1\u0cc6\u0caf\u0cbf\u0cb0\u0cbf",
+instructions_visual:"",instructions_audio:"\u0ca8\u0cbf\u0cae\u0c97\u0cc6 \u0c95\u0cc7\u0cb3\u0cbf\u0cb8\u0cc1\u0cb5\u0cc1\u0ca6\u0ca8\u0ccd\u0ca8\u0cc1 \u0c9f\u0cc8\u0caa\u0ccd\u200c \u0cae\u0cbe\u0ca1\u0cbf:",help_btn:"\u0cb8\u0cb9\u0cbe\u0caf",play_again:"\u0ca7\u0ccd\u0cb5\u0ca8\u0cbf\u0caf\u0ca8\u0ccd\u0ca8\u0cc1 \u0cae\u0ca4\u0ccd\u0ca4\u0cc6 \u0caa\u0ccd\u0cb2\u0cc7 \u0cae\u0cbe\u0ca1\u0cbf",cant_hear_this:"\u0ca7\u0ccd\u0cb5\u0ca8\u0cbf\u0caf\u0ca8\u0ccd\u0ca8\u0cc1 MP3 \u0cb0\u0cc2\u0caa\u0ca6\u0cb2\u0ccd\u0cb2\u0cbf \u0ca1\u0ccc\u0ca8\u0ccd\u200c\u0cb2\u0ccb\u0ca1\u0ccd \u0cae\u0cbe\u0ca1\u0cbf",
+incorrect_try_again:"\u0ca4\u0caa\u0ccd\u0caa\u0cbe\u0c97\u0cbf\u0ca6\u0cc6. \u0cae\u0ca4\u0ccd\u0ca4\u0cca\u0cae\u0ccd\u0cae\u0cc6 \u0caa\u0ccd\u0cb0\u0caf\u0ca4\u0ccd\u0ca8\u0cbf\u0cb8\u0cbf.",image_alt_text:"reCAPTCHA \u0cb8\u0cb5\u0cbe\u0cb2\u0cc1 \u0c9a\u0cbf\u0ca4\u0ccd\u0cb0",privacy_and_terms:"\u0c97\u0ccc\u0caa\u0ccd\u0caf\u0ca4\u0cc6 \u0cae\u0ca4\u0ccd\u0ca4\u0cc1 \u0ca8\u0cbf\u0caf\u0cae\u0c97\u0cb3\u0cc1"},ko:{visual_challenge:"\uadf8\ub9bc\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\uc548\ubb38\uc790 \ubc1b\uae30",
+audio_challenge:"\uc74c\uc131\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\uc548\ubb38\uc790 \ubc1b\uae30",refresh_btn:"\ubcf4\uc548\ubb38\uc790 \uc0c8\ub85c \ubc1b\uae30",instructions_visual:"\ud14d\uc2a4\ud2b8 \uc785\ub825:",instructions_audio:"\uc74c\uc131 \ubcf4\uc548\ubb38\uc790 \uc785\ub825:",help_btn:"\ub3c4\uc6c0\ub9d0",play_again:"\uc74c\uc131 \ub2e4\uc2dc \ub4e3\uae30",cant_hear_this:"\uc74c\uc131\uc744 MP3\ub85c \ub2e4\uc6b4\ub85c\ub4dc",incorrect_try_again:"\ud2c0\ub838\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub2e4\uc2dc \uc2dc\ub3c4\ud574 \uc8fc\uc138\uc694.",
+image_alt_text:"reCAPTCHA \ubcf4\uc548\ubb38\uc790 \uc774\ubbf8\uc9c0",privacy_and_terms:"\uac1c\uc778\uc815\ubcf4 \ubcf4\ud638 \ubc0f \uc57d\uad00"},ln:ma,lt:{visual_challenge:"Gauti vaizdin\u012f atpa\u017einimo test\u0105",audio_challenge:"Gauti garso atpa\u017einimo test\u0105",refresh_btn:"Gauti nauj\u0105 atpa\u017einimo test\u0105",instructions_visual:"\u012eveskite tekst\u0105:",instructions_audio:"\u012eveskite tai, k\u0105 girdite:",help_btn:"Pagalba",play_again:"Dar kart\u0105 paleisti gars\u0105",
+cant_hear_this:"Atsisi\u0173sti gars\u0105 kaip MP3",incorrect_try_again:"Neteisingai. Bandykite dar kart\u0105.",image_alt_text:"Testo \u201ereCAPTCHA\u201c vaizdas",privacy_and_terms:"Privatumas ir s\u0105lygos"},lv:{visual_challenge:"Sa\u0146emt vizu\u0101lu izaicin\u0101jumu",audio_challenge:"Sa\u0146emt audio izaicin\u0101jumu",refresh_btn:"Sa\u0146emt jaunu izaicin\u0101jumu",instructions_visual:"Ievadiet tekstu:",instructions_audio:"Ierakstiet dzirdamo:",help_btn:"Pal\u012bdz\u012bba",play_again:"V\u0113lreiz atska\u0146ot ska\u0146u",
+cant_hear_this:"Lejupiel\u0101d\u0113t ska\u0146u MP3\u00a0form\u0101t\u0101",incorrect_try_again:"Nepareizi. M\u0113\u0123iniet v\u0113lreiz.",image_alt_text:"reCAPTCHA izaicin\u0101juma att\u0113ls",privacy_and_terms:"Konfidencialit\u0101te un noteikumi"},ml:{visual_challenge:"\u0d12\u0d30\u0d41 \u0d26\u0d43\u0d36\u0d4d\u0d2f \u0d1a\u0d32\u0d1e\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d4d \u0d28\u0d47\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d15",audio_challenge:"\u0d12\u0d30\u0d41 \u0d13\u0d21\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d4b \u0d1a\u0d32\u0d1e\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d4d \u0d28\u0d47\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d15",
+refresh_btn:"\u0d12\u0d30\u0d41 \u0d2a\u0d41\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d2f \u0d1a\u0d32\u0d1e\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d4d \u0d28\u0d47\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d15",instructions_visual:"",instructions_audio:"\u0d15\u0d47\u0d7e\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d24\u0d4d \u0d1f\u0d48\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d4d \u0d1a\u0d46\u0d2f\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d42:",help_btn:"\u0d38\u0d39\u0d3e\u0d2f\u0d02",play_again:"\u0d36\u0d2c\u0d4d\u200c\u0d26\u0d02 \u0d35\u0d40\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d32\u0d47 \u0d1a\u0d46\u0d2f\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d15",
+cant_hear_this:"\u0d36\u0d2c\u0d4d\u200c\u0d26\u0d02 MP3 \u0d06\u0d2f\u0d3f \u0d21\u0d57\u0d7a\u0d32\u0d4b\u0d21\u0d4d \u0d1a\u0d46\u0d2f\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d15",incorrect_try_again:"\u0d24\u0d46\u0d31\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d4d. \u0d35\u0d40\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d36\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d2e\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d15.",image_alt_text:"reCAPTCHA \u0d1a\u0d32\u0d1e\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d4d \u0d07\u0d2e\u0d47\u0d1c\u0d4d",privacy_and_terms:"\u0d38\u0d4d\u0d35\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d24\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d28\u0d3f\u0d2c\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d27\u0d28\u0d15\u0d33\u0d41\u0d02"},
+mr:{visual_challenge:"\u0926\u0943\u0936\u094d\u200d\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0906\u0935\u094d\u0939\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u093e",audio_challenge:"\u0911\u0921\u0940\u0913 \u0906\u0935\u094d\u0939\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u093e",refresh_btn:"\u090f\u0915 \u0928\u0935\u0940\u0928 \u0906\u0935\u094d\u0939\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u093e",instructions_visual:"",instructions_audio:"\u0906\u092a\u0932\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u093e \u091c\u0947 \u0910\u0915\u0942 \u092f\u0947\u0908\u0932 \u0924\u0947 \u091f\u093e\u0907\u092a \u0915\u0930\u093e:",
+help_btn:"\u092e\u0926\u0924",play_again:"\u0927\u094d\u200d\u0935\u0928\u0940 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u094d\u0939\u093e \u092a\u094d\u200d\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u0930\u093e",cant_hear_this:"MP3 \u0930\u0941\u092a\u093e\u0924 \u0927\u094d\u200d\u0935\u0928\u0940 \u0921\u093e\u0909\u0928\u0932\u094b\u0921 \u0915\u0930\u093e",incorrect_try_again:"\u0905\u092f\u094b\u0917\u094d\u200d\u092f. \u092a\u0941\u0928\u094d\u200d\u0939\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u0924\u094d\u200d\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u093e.",image_alt_text:"reCAPTCHA \u0906\u0935\u094d\u200d\u0939\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092e\u093e",
+privacy_and_terms:"\u0917\u094b\u092a\u0928\u0940\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0906\u0923\u093f \u0905\u091f\u0940"},ms:{visual_challenge:"Dapatkan cabaran visual",audio_challenge:"Dapatkan cabaran audio",refresh_btn:"Dapatkan cabaran baru",instructions_visual:"Taipkan teksnya:",instructions_audio:"Taip apa yang didengari:",help_btn:"Bantuan",play_again:"Mainkan bunyi sekali lagi",cant_hear_this:"Muat turun bunyi sebagai MP3",incorrect_try_again:"Tidak betul. Cuba lagi.",image_alt_text:"Imej cabaran reCAPTCHA",
+privacy_and_terms:"Privasi & Syarat"},nl:{visual_challenge:"Een visuele uitdaging proberen",audio_challenge:"Een audio-uitdaging proberen",refresh_btn:"Een nieuwe uitdaging proberen",instructions_visual:"Typ de tekst:",instructions_audio:"Typ wat u hoort:",help_btn:"Help",play_again:"Geluid opnieuw afspelen",cant_hear_this:"Geluid downloaden als MP3",incorrect_try_again:"Onjuist. Probeer het opnieuw.",image_alt_text:"reCAPTCHA-uitdagingsafbeelding",privacy_and_terms:"Privacy en voorwaarden"},no:{visual_challenge:"F\u00e5 en bildeutfordring",
+audio_challenge:"F\u00e5 en lydutfordring",refresh_btn:"F\u00e5 en ny utfordring",instructions_visual:"Skriv inn teksten:",instructions_audio:"Skriv inn det du h\u00f8rer:",help_btn:"Hjelp",play_again:"Spill av lyd p\u00e5 nytt",cant_hear_this:"Last ned lyd som MP3",incorrect_try_again:"Feil. Pr\u00f8v p\u00e5 nytt.",image_alt_text:"reCAPTCHA-utfordringsbilde",privacy_and_terms:"Personvern og vilk\u00e5r"},pl:{visual_challenge:"Poka\u017c podpowied\u017a wizualn\u0105",audio_challenge:"Odtw\u00f3rz podpowied\u017a d\u017awi\u0119kow\u0105",
+refresh_btn:"Nowa podpowied\u017a",instructions_visual:"Przepisz tekst:",instructions_audio:"Wpisz us\u0142yszane s\u0142owa:",help_btn:"Pomoc",play_again:"Odtw\u00f3rz d\u017awi\u0119k ponownie",cant_hear_this:"Pobierz d\u017awi\u0119k jako plik MP3",incorrect_try_again:"Nieprawid\u0142owo. Spr\u00f3buj ponownie.",image_alt_text:"Zadanie obrazkowe reCAPTCHA",privacy_and_terms:"Prywatno\u015b\u0107 i warunki"},pt:pa,"pt-BR":pa,"pt-PT":{visual_challenge:"Obter um desafio visual",audio_challenge:"Obter um desafio de \u00e1udio",
+refresh_btn:"Obter um novo desafio",instructions_visual:"Introduza o texto:",instructions_audio:"Escreva o que ouvir:",help_btn:"Ajuda",play_again:"Reproduzir som novamente",cant_hear_this:"Transferir som como MP3",incorrect_try_again:"Incorreto. Tente novamente.",image_alt_text:"Imagem de teste reCAPTCHA",privacy_and_terms:"Privacidade e Termos de Utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o"},ro:qa,ru:{visual_challenge:"\u0412\u0438\u0437\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0430",
+audio_challenge:"\u0417\u0432\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0430",refresh_btn:"\u041e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c",instructions_visual:"\u0412\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442:",instructions_audio:"\u0412\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0442\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043b\u044b\u0448\u0438\u0442\u0435:",help_btn:"\u0421\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430",play_again:"\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0448\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0435\u0449\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437",
+cant_hear_this:"\u0417\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u0438\u0442\u044c MP3-\u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b",incorrect_try_again:"\u041d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e. \u041f\u043e\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u044b\u0442\u043a\u0443.",image_alt_text:"\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0443 reCAPTCHA",privacy_and_terms:"\u041f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043f\u044b"},
+sk:{visual_challenge:"Zobrazi\u0165 vizu\u00e1lnu podobu",audio_challenge:"Prehra\u0165 zvukov\u00fa podobu",refresh_btn:"Zobrazi\u0165 nov\u00fd v\u00fdraz",instructions_visual:"Zadajte text:",instructions_audio:"Zadajte, \u010do po\u010dujete:",help_btn:"Pomocn\u00edk",play_again:"Znova prehra\u0165 zvuk",cant_hear_this:"Prevzia\u0165 zvuk v podobe s\u00faboru MP3",incorrect_try_again:"Nespr\u00e1vne. Sk\u00faste to znova.",image_alt_text:"Obr\u00e1zok zadania reCAPTCHA",privacy_and_terms:"Ochrana osobn\u00fdch \u00fadajov a Zmluvn\u00e9 podmienky"},
+sl:{visual_challenge:"Vizualni preskus",audio_challenge:"Zvo\u010dni preskus",refresh_btn:"Nov preskus",instructions_visual:"Vnesite besedilo:",instructions_audio:"Natipkajte, kaj sli\u0161ite:",help_btn:"Pomo\u010d",play_again:"Znova predvajaj zvok",cant_hear_this:"Prenesi zvok kot MP3",incorrect_try_again:"Napa\u010dno. Poskusite znova.",image_alt_text:"Slika izziva reCAPTCHA",privacy_and_terms:"Zasebnost in pogoji"},sr:{visual_challenge:"\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u0437\u0443\u0435\u043b\u043d\u0438 \u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442",
+audio_challenge:"\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0430\u0443\u0434\u0438\u043e \u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442",refresh_btn:"\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438 \u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442",instructions_visual:"\u0423\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442:",instructions_audio:"\u041e\u0442\u043a\u0443\u0446\u0430\u0458\u0442\u0435 \u043e\u043d\u043e \u0448\u0442\u043e \u0447\u0443\u0458\u0435\u0442\u0435:",help_btn:"\u041f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u045b",
+play_again:"\u041f\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e \u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0437\u0432\u0443\u043a",cant_hear_this:"\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0443\u0437\u043c\u0438 \u0437\u0432\u0443\u043a \u043a\u0430\u043e MP3 \u0441\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043a",incorrect_try_again:"\u041d\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0447\u043d\u043e. \u041f\u043e\u043a\u0443\u0448\u0430\u0458\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e.",image_alt_text:"\u0421\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430 reCAPTCHA \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435",
+privacy_and_terms:"\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u0438 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438"},sv:{visual_challenge:"H\u00e4mta captcha i bildformat",audio_challenge:"H\u00e4mta captcha i ljudformat",refresh_btn:"H\u00e4mta ny captcha",instructions_visual:"Skriv texten:",instructions_audio:"Skriv det du h\u00f6r:",help_btn:"Hj\u00e4lp",play_again:"Spela upp ljudet igen",cant_hear_this:"H\u00e4mta ljud som MP3",incorrect_try_again:"Fel. F\u00f6rs\u00f6k igen.",image_alt_text:"reCAPTCHA-bild",
+privacy_and_terms:"Sekretess och villkor"},sw:{visual_challenge:"Pata herufi za kusoma",audio_challenge:"Pata herufi za kusikiliza",refresh_btn:"Pata herufi mpya",instructions_visual:"",instructions_audio:"Charaza unachosikia:",help_btn:"Usaidizi",play_again:"Cheza sauti tena",cant_hear_this:"Pakua sauti kama MP3",incorrect_try_again:"Sio sahihi. Jaribu tena.",image_alt_text:"picha ya changamoto ya reCAPTCHA",privacy_and_terms:"Faragha & Masharti"},ta:{visual_challenge:"\u0baa\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0bb5\u0bc8 \u0b9a\u0bc7\u0bb2\u0b9e\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bc8\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bc6\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0b95",
+audio_challenge:"\u0b86\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bcb \u0b9a\u0bc7\u0bb2\u0b9e\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bc8\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bc6\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0b95",refresh_btn:"\u0baa\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf \u0b9a\u0bc7\u0bb2\u0b9e\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bc8\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bc6\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0b95",instructions_visual:"",instructions_audio:"\u0b95\u0bc7\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0baa\u0ba4\u0bc8 \u0b9f\u0bc8\u0baa\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0b95:",help_btn:"\u0b89\u0ba4\u0bb5\u0bbf",play_again:"\u0b92\u0bb2\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc8 \u0bae\u0bc0\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b87\u0baf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1",
+cant_hear_this:"\u0b92\u0bb2\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc8 MP3 \u0b86\u0b95 \u0baa\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0b95",incorrect_try_again:"\u0ba4\u0bb5\u0bb1\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0ba4\u0bc1. \u0bae\u0bc0\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bc1\u0baf\u0bb2\u0bb5\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd.",image_alt_text:"reCAPTCHA \u0b9a\u0bc7\u0bb2\u0b9e\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bcd \u0baa\u0b9f\u0bae\u0bcd",privacy_and_terms:"\u0ba4\u0ba9\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc1\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0bae\u0bc8 & \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bae\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd"},
+te:{visual_challenge:"\u0c12\u0c15 \u0c26\u0c43\u0c36\u0c4d\u0c2f\u0c2e\u0c3e\u0c28 \u0c38\u0c35\u0c3e\u0c32\u0c41\u0c28\u0c41 \u0c38\u0c4d\u0c35\u0c40\u0c15\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c02\u0c1a\u0c02\u0c21\u0c3f",audio_challenge:"\u0c12\u0c15 \u0c06\u0c21\u0c3f\u0c2f\u0c4b \u0c38\u0c35\u0c3e\u0c32\u0c41\u0c28\u0c41 \u0c38\u0c4d\u0c35\u0c40\u0c15\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c02\u0c1a\u0c02\u0c21\u0c3f",refresh_btn:"\u0c15\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c4a\u0c24\u0c4d\u0c24 \u0c38\u0c35\u0c3e\u0c32\u0c41\u0c28\u0c41 \u0c38\u0c4d\u0c35\u0c40\u0c15\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c02\u0c1a\u0c02\u0c21\u0c3f",
+instructions_visual:"",instructions_audio:"\u0c2e\u0c40\u0c30\u0c41 \u0c35\u0c3f\u0c28\u0c4d\u0c28\u0c26\u0c3f \u0c1f\u0c48\u0c2a\u0c4d \u0c1a\u0c47\u0c2f\u0c02\u0c21\u0c3f:",help_btn:"\u0c38\u0c39\u0c3e\u0c2f\u0c02",play_again:"\u0c27\u0c4d\u0c35\u0c28\u0c3f\u0c28\u0c3f \u0c2e\u0c33\u0c4d\u0c32\u0c40 \u0c2a\u0c4d\u0c32\u0c47 \u0c1a\u0c47\u0c2f\u0c3f",cant_hear_this:"\u0c27\u0c4d\u0c35\u0c28\u0c3f\u0c28\u0c3f MP3 \u0c35\u0c32\u0c46 \u0c21\u0c4c\u0c28\u0c4d\u200c\u0c32\u0c4b\u0c21\u0c4d \u0c1a\u0c47\u0c2f\u0c3f",
+incorrect_try_again:"\u0c24\u0c2a\u0c4d\u0c2a\u0c41. \u0c2e\u0c33\u0c4d\u0c32\u0c40 \u0c2a\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c2f\u0c24\u0c4d\u0c28\u0c3f\u0c02\u0c1a\u0c02\u0c21\u0c3f.",image_alt_text:"reCAPTCHA \u0c38\u0c35\u0c3e\u0c32\u0c41 \u0c1a\u0c3f\u0c24\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c02",privacy_and_terms:"\u0c17\u0c4b\u0c2a\u0c4d\u0c2f\u0c24 & \u0c28\u0c3f\u0c2c\u0c02\u0c27\u0c28\u0c32\u0c41"},th:{visual_challenge:"\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e49\u0e32\u0e17\u0e32\u0e22\u0e14\u0e49\u0e32\u0e19\u0e20\u0e32\u0e1e",
+audio_challenge:"\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e49\u0e32\u0e17\u0e32\u0e22\u0e14\u0e49\u0e32\u0e19\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e07",refresh_btn:"\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e49\u0e32\u0e17\u0e32\u0e22\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e48",instructions_visual:"\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e21\u0e1e\u0e4c\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49:",instructions_audio:"\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e21\u0e1e\u0e4c\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e48\u0e07\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e04\u0e38\u0e13\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e22\u0e34\u0e19:",
+help_btn:"\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e0a\u0e48\u0e27\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e37\u0e2d",play_again:"\u0e40\u0e25\u0e48\u0e19\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e07\u0e2d\u0e35\u0e01\u0e04\u0e23\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07",cant_hear_this:"\u0e14\u0e32\u0e27\u0e42\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e14\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e07\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19 MP3",incorrect_try_again:"\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e16\u0e39\u0e01\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07 \u0e25\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2d\u0e35\u0e01\u0e04\u0e23\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07",image_alt_text:"\u0e23\u0e2b\u0e31\u0e2a\u0e20\u0e32\u0e1e reCAPTCHA",
+privacy_and_terms:"\u0e19\u0e42\u0e22\u0e1a\u0e32\u0e22\u0e2a\u0e48\u0e27\u0e19\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e04\u0e04\u0e25\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14"},tr:{visual_challenge:"G\u00f6rsel sorgu al",audio_challenge:"Sesli sorgu al",refresh_btn:"Yeniden y\u00fckle",instructions_visual:"Metni yaz\u0131n:",instructions_audio:"Duydu\u011funuzu yaz\u0131n:",help_btn:"Yard\u0131m",play_again:"Sesi tekrar \u00e7al",cant_hear_this:"Sesi MP3 olarak indir",incorrect_try_again:"Yanl\u0131\u015f. Tekrar deneyin.",
+image_alt_text:"reCAPTCHA sorusu resmi",privacy_and_terms:"Gizlilik ve \u015eartlar"},uk:{visual_challenge:"\u041e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u0456\u0437\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442",audio_challenge:"\u041e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0430\u0443\u0434\u0456\u043e\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441",refresh_btn:"\u041e\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442",instructions_visual:"\u0412\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0456\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442:",
+instructions_audio:"\u0412\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0456\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0443\u0442\u0435:",help_btn:"\u0414\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043a\u0430",play_again:"\u0412\u0456\u0434\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441 \u0449\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437",cant_hear_this:"\u0417\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0436\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441 \u044f\u043a MP3",incorrect_try_again:"\u041d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e. \u0421\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0443\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0449\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437.",
+image_alt_text:"\u0417\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f reCAPTCHA",privacy_and_terms:"\u041a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0456\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0456\u0439\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0456 \u0443\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0438"},ur:{visual_challenge:"\u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0631\u0626\u06cc \u0686\u06cc\u0644\u0646\u062c \u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u06a9\u0631\u06cc\u06ba",audio_challenge:"\u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0622\u0688\u06cc\u0648 \u0686\u06cc\u0644\u0646\u062c \u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u06a9\u0631\u06cc\u06ba",
+refresh_btn:"\u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u06cc\u0627 \u0686\u06cc\u0644\u0646\u062c \u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u06a9\u0631\u06cc\u06ba",instructions_visual:"",instructions_audio:"\u062c\u0648 \u0633\u0646\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u0648\u06c1 \u0679\u0627\u0626\u067e \u06a9\u0631\u06cc\u06ba:",help_btn:"\u0645\u062f\u062f",play_again:"\u0622\u0648\u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0631\u06c1 \u0686\u0644\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u06ba",cant_hear_this:"\u0622\u0648\u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0648 MP3 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0628\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0688\u0627\u0624\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u0688 \u06a9\u0631\u06cc\u06ba",
+incorrect_try_again:"\u063a\u0644\u0637\u06d4 \u062f\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0631\u06c1 \u06a9\u0648\u0634\u0634 \u06a9\u0631\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4",image_alt_text:"reCAPTCHA \u0686\u06cc\u0644\u0646\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0634\u0628\u06cc\u06c1",privacy_and_terms:"\u0631\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637"},vi:{visual_challenge:"Nh\u1eadn th\u1eed th\u00e1ch h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh",audio_challenge:"Nh\u1eadn th\u1eed th\u00e1ch \u00e2m thanh",refresh_btn:"Nh\u1eadn th\u1eed th\u00e1ch m\u1edbi",
+instructions_visual:"Nh\u1eadp v\u0103n b\u1ea3n:",instructions_audio:"Nh\u1eadp n\u1ed9i dung b\u1ea1n nghe th\u1ea5y:",help_btn:"Tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap",play_again:"Ph\u00e1t l\u1ea1i \u00e2m thanh",cant_hear_this:"T\u1ea3i \u00e2m thanh xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng MP3",incorrect_try_again:"Kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. H\u00e3y th\u1eed l\u1ea1i.",image_alt_text:"H\u00ecnh x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c reCAPTCHA",privacy_and_terms:"B\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n"},"zh-CN":ra,"zh-HK":{visual_challenge:"\u56de\u7b54\u5716\u50cf\u9a57\u8b49\u554f\u984c",
+audio_challenge:"\u53d6\u5f97\u8a9e\u97f3\u9a57\u8b49\u554f\u984c",refresh_btn:"\u63db\u4e00\u500b\u9a57\u8b49\u554f\u984c",instructions_visual:"\u8f38\u5165\u6587\u5b57\uff1a",instructions_audio:"\u9375\u5165\u60a8\u6240\u807d\u5230\u7684\uff1a",help_btn:"\u8aaa\u660e",play_again:"\u518d\u6b21\u64ad\u653e\u8072\u97f3",cant_hear_this:"\u5c07\u8072\u97f3\u4e0b\u8f09\u70ba MP3",incorrect_try_again:"\u4e0d\u6b63\u78ba\uff0c\u518d\u8a66\u4e00\u6b21\u3002",image_alt_text:"reCAPTCHA \u9a57\u8b49\u6587\u5b57\u5716\u7247",
+privacy_and_terms:"\u79c1\u96b1\u6b0a\u8207\u689d\u6b3e"},"zh-TW":{visual_challenge:"\u53d6\u5f97\u5716\u7247\u9a57\u8b49\u554f\u984c",audio_challenge:"\u53d6\u5f97\u8a9e\u97f3\u9a57\u8b49\u554f\u984c",refresh_btn:"\u53d6\u5f97\u65b0\u7684\u9a57\u8b49\u554f\u984c",instructions_visual:"\u8acb\u8f38\u5165\u5716\u7247\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u5b57\uff1a",instructions_audio:"\u8acb\u8f38\u5165\u8a9e\u97f3\u5167\u5bb9\uff1a",help_btn:"\u8aaa\u660e",play_again:"\u518d\u6b21\u64ad\u653e",cant_hear_this:"\u4ee5 MP3 \u683c\u5f0f\u4e0b\u8f09\u8072\u97f3",
+incorrect_try_again:"\u9a57\u8b49\u78bc\u6709\u8aa4\uff0c\u8acb\u518d\u8a66\u4e00\u6b21\u3002",image_alt_text:"reCAPTCHA \u9a57\u8b49\u6587\u5b57\u5716\u7247",privacy_and_terms:"\u96b1\u79c1\u6b0a\u8207\u689d\u6b3e"},zu:{visual_challenge:"Thola inselelo ebonakalayo",audio_challenge:"Thola inselelo yokulalelwayo",refresh_btn:"Thola inselelo entsha",instructions_visual:"",instructions_audio:"Bhala okuzwayo:",help_btn:"Usizo",play_again:"Phinda udlale okulalelwayo futhi",cant_hear_this:"Layisha umsindo njenge-MP3",
+incorrect_try_again:"Akulungile. Zama futhi.",image_alt_text:"umfanekiso oyinselelo we-reCAPTCHA",privacy_and_terms:"Okwangasese kanye nemigomo"},tl:la,he:oa,"in":na,mo:qa,zh:ra};var x=function(a){if(Error.captureStackTrace)Error.captureStackTrace(this,x);else{var b=Error().stack;b&&(this.stack=b)}a&&(this.message=String(a))};u(x,Error);x.prototype.name="CustomError";var ta;var ua=function(a,b){for(var c=a.split("%s"),d="",e=Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments,1);e.length&&1<c.length;)d+=c.shift()+e.shift();return d+c.join("%s")},va=String.prototype.trim?function(a){return a.trim()}:function(a){return a.replace(/^[\s\xa0]+|[\s\xa0]+$/g,"")},Da=function(a){if(!wa.test(a))return a;-1!=a.indexOf("&")&&(a=a.replace(xa,"&amp;"));-1!=a.indexOf("<")&&(a=a.replace(ya,"&lt;"));-1!=a.indexOf(">")&&(a=a.replace(za,"&gt;"));-1!=a.indexOf('"')&&(a=a.replace(Aa,"&quot;"));-1!=a.indexOf("'")&&
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+W.image_alt_text+'" height="57" width="300" src="'+a+'" />',hd()));Z._css_toggle("recaptcha_had_incorrect_sol","recaptcha_nothad_incorrect_sol",e.is_incorrect);Z._css_toggle("recaptcha_is_showing_audio","recaptcha_isnot_showing_audio","audio"==b);Z._clear_input();Z.should_focus&&Z.focus_response_field();Z._reset_timer()},_reset_timer:function(){clearInterval(Z.timer_id);var a=Math.max(1E3*(RecaptchaState.timeout-60),6E4);Z.timer_id=setInterval(function(){Z.reload_internal("t")},a);return a},showhelp:function(){window.open(Z._get_help_link(),
+"recaptcha_popup","width=460,height=580,location=no,menubar=no,status=no,toolbar=no,scrollbars=yes,resizable=yes")},_clear_input:function(){Z.$("recaptcha_response_field").value=""},_displayerror:function(a){var b=Z.$;b("recaptcha_image").innerHTML="";b("recaptcha_image").appendChild(document.createTextNode(a))},reloaderror:function(a){Z._displayerror(a)},_is_ie:function(){return 0<navigator.userAgent.indexOf("MSIE")&&!window.opera},_css_toggle:function(a,b,c){Z.update_widget();var d=Z.widget;d||
+(d=document.body);var e=d.className,e=e.replace(new RegExp("(^|\\s+)"+a+"(\\s+|$)")," "),e=e.replace(new RegExp("(^|\\s+)"+b+"(\\s+|$)")," ");d.className=e+(" "+(c?a:b))},_get_help_link:function(){var a="https://support.google.com/recaptcha/";Z.getLang_()&&(a+="?hl="+Z.getLang_());return a},playAgain:function(){Z.$("recaptcha_image").innerHTML=Z.getAudioCaptchaHtml();Z._loop_playback()},_loop_playback:function(){var a=Z.$("recaptcha_audio_play_again");a&&Z.attachEvent(a,"click",function(){Z.playAgain();
+return!1})},getAudioCaptchaHtml:function(){var a=RecaptchaState.payload_url;a||(a=Z._get_api_server()+"/audio.mp3?c="+RecaptchaState.challenge,Z.th_callback_invoke(),Z.th1&&(a+="&th="+Z.th1,Z.th1=""));var b=Z._get_api_server()+"/swf/audiocaptcha.swf?v2",b=Z._is_ie()?'<object classid="clsid:D27CDB6E-AE6D-11cf-96B8-444553540000" id="audiocaptcha" width="0" height="0" codebase="https://fpdownload.macromedia.com/get/flashplayer/current/swflash.cab"><param name="movie" value="'+b+'" /><param name="quality" value="high" /><param name="bgcolor" value="#869ca7" /><param name="allowScriptAccess" value="always" /></object><br/>':
+'<embed src="'+b+'" quality="high" bgcolor="#869ca7" width="0" height="0" name="audiocaptcha" align="middle" play="true" loop="false" quality="high" allowScriptAccess="always" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" pluginspage="http://www.adobe.com/go/getflashplayer" /></embed>',c="";Z.checkFlashVer()&&(c="<br/>"+Z.getSpan_('<a id="recaptcha_audio_play_again" class="recaptcha_audio_cant_hear_link">'+W.play_again+"</a>"));c+="<br/>"+Z.getSpan_('<a id="recaptcha_audio_download" class="recaptcha_audio_cant_hear_link" target="_blank" href="'+
+a+'">'+W.cant_hear_this+"</a>");return b+c},getSpan_:function(a){return"<span"+(RecaptchaState&&RecaptchaState.rtl?' dir="rtl"':"")+">"+a+"</span>"},gethttpwavurl:function(){if("audio"!=Z.type)return"";var a=RecaptchaState.payload_url;a||(a=Z._get_api_server()+"/image?c="+RecaptchaState.challenge,Z.th_callback_invoke(),Z.th1&&(a+="&th="+Z.th1,Z.th1=""));return a},checkFlashVer:function(){var a=-1!=navigator.appVersion.indexOf("MSIE"),b=-1!=navigator.appVersion.toLowerCase().indexOf("win"),c=-1!=navigator.userAgent.indexOf("Opera"),
+d=-1;if(null!=navigator.plugins&&0<navigator.plugins.length){if(navigator.plugins["Shockwave Flash 2.0"]||navigator.plugins["Shockwave Flash"])d=navigator.plugins["Shockwave Flash"+(navigator.plugins["Shockwave Flash 2.0"]?" 2.0":"")].description.split(" ")[2].split(".")[0]}else if(a&&b&&!c)try{d=(new ActiveXObject("ShockwaveFlash.ShockwaveFlash.7")).GetVariable("$version").split(" ")[1].split(",")[0]}catch(e){}return 9<=d},getLang_:function(){return Y.lang?Y.lang:"undefined"!=typeof RecaptchaState&&
+RecaptchaState.lang?RecaptchaState.lang:null},challenge_callback:function(){Z.force_reload=!!RecaptchaState.force_reload;if(RecaptchaState.t3){var a=RecaptchaState.t1?ib(mb(RecaptchaState.t1)):"",b=RecaptchaState.t2?ib(mb(RecaptchaState.t2)):"",c=RecaptchaState.t3?ib(mb(RecaptchaState.t3)):"";Z.th2=c;if(a)b=kc(a),cc(b,Z.challenge_callback_internal,null,void 0),cc(b,null,Z.challenge_callback_internal,void 0);else{if(k.execScript)k.execScript(b,"JavaScript");else if(k.eval)null==ia&&(k.eval("var _et_ = 1;"),
+"undefined"!=typeof k._et_?(delete k._et_,ia=!0):ia=!1),ia?k.eval(b):(a=k.document,c=a.createElement("script"),c.type="text/javascript",c.defer=!1,c.appendChild(a.createTextNode(b)),a.body.appendChild(c),a.body.removeChild(c));else throw Error("goog.globalEval not available");Z.challenge_callback_internal()}}else Z.challenge_callback_internal()},th_init:function(){try{k.thintinel&&k.thintinel.th&&(Z.th3=new k.thintinel.th(Z.th2),Z.th2="")}catch(a){}},update_widget:function(){Z.element&&(Z.widget=
+Z.$(Z.element))}};t("Recaptcha",Z);})()
diff --git a/static/client/register/js/register.js b/static/client/register/js/register.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b62763a293
--- /dev/null
+++ b/static/client/register/js/register.js
@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+window.matrixRegistration = {
+    endpoint: location.origin + "/_matrix/client/api/v1/register"
+};
+
+var setupCaptcha = function() {
+    if (!window.matrixRegistrationConfig) {
+        return;
+    }
+    $.get(matrixRegistration.endpoint, function(response) {
+        var serverExpectsCaptcha = false;
+        for (var i=0; i<response.flows.length; i++) {
+            var flow = response.flows[i];
+            if ("m.login.recaptcha" === flow.type) {
+                serverExpectsCaptcha = true;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        if (!serverExpectsCaptcha) {
+            console.log("This server does not require a captcha.");
+            return;
+        }
+        console.log("Setting up ReCaptcha for "+matrixRegistration.endpoint);
+        var public_key = window.matrixRegistrationConfig.recaptcha_public_key;
+        if (public_key === undefined) {
+            console.error("No public key defined for captcha!");
+            setFeedbackString("Misconfigured captcha for server. Contact server admin.");
+            return;
+        }
+        Recaptcha.create(public_key,
+        "regcaptcha",
+        {
+            theme: "red",
+            callback: Recaptcha.focus_response_field
+        });
+        window.matrixRegistration.isUsingRecaptcha = true;
+    }).error(errorFunc);
+    
+};
+
+var submitCaptcha = function(user, pwd) {
+    var challengeToken = Recaptcha.get_challenge();
+    var captchaEntry = Recaptcha.get_response();
+    var data = {
+        type: "m.login.recaptcha",
+        challenge: challengeToken,
+        response: captchaEntry
+    };
+    console.log("Submitting captcha");
+    $.post(matrixRegistration.endpoint, JSON.stringify(data), function(response) {
+        console.log("Success -> "+JSON.stringify(response));
+        submitPassword(user, pwd, response.session);
+    }).error(function(err) {
+        Recaptcha.reload();
+        errorFunc(err);
+    });
+};
+
+var submitPassword = function(user, pwd, session) {
+    console.log("Registering...");
+    var data = {
+        type: "m.login.password",
+        user: user,
+        password: pwd,
+        session: session
+    };
+    $.post(matrixRegistration.endpoint, JSON.stringify(data), function(response) {
+        matrixRegistration.onRegistered(
+            response.home_server, response.user_id, response.access_token
+        );
+    }).error(errorFunc);
+};
+
+var errorFunc = function(err) {
+    if (err.responseJSON && err.responseJSON.error) {
+        setFeedbackString(err.responseJSON.error + " (" + err.responseJSON.errcode + ")");
+    }
+    else {
+        setFeedbackString("Request failed: " + err.status);
+    }
+};
+
+var setFeedbackString = function(text) {
+    $("#feedback").text(text);
+};
+
+matrixRegistration.onLoad = function() {
+    setupCaptcha();
+};
+
+matrixRegistration.signUp = function() {
+    var user = $("#desired_user_id").val();
+    if (user.length == 0) {
+        setFeedbackString("Must specify a username.");
+        return;
+    }
+    var pwd1 = $("#pwd1").val();
+    var pwd2 = $("#pwd2").val();
+    if (pwd1.length < 6) {
+        setFeedbackString("Password: min. 6 characters.");
+        return;
+    }
+    if (pwd1 != pwd2) {
+        setFeedbackString("Passwords do not match.");
+        return;
+    }
+    if (window.matrixRegistration.isUsingRecaptcha) {
+        submitCaptcha(user, pwd1);
+    }
+    else {
+        submitPassword(user, pwd1);
+    }
+};
+
+matrixRegistration.onRegistered = function(hs_url, user_id, access_token) {
+    // clobber this function
+    console.log("onRegistered - This function should be replaced to proceed.");
+};
diff --git a/static/client/register/register_config.sample.js b/static/client/register/register_config.sample.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c7ea180dee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/static/client/register/register_config.sample.js
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+window.matrixRegistrationConfig = {
+  recaptcha_public_key: "YOUR_PUBLIC_KEY"
+};
diff --git a/static/client/register/style.css b/static/client/register/style.css
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a3398852b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/static/client/register/style.css
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+html {
+    height: 100%;
+}
+
+body {
+    height: 100%;
+    font-family: "Myriad Pro", "Myriad", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
+    font-size: 12pt;
+    margin: 0px;
+}
+
+h1 {
+    font-size: 20pt;
+}
+
+a:link    { color: #666; }
+a:visited { color: #666; }
+a:hover   { color: #000; }
+a:active  { color: #000; }
+
+input {
+   width: 100%
+}
+
+textarea, input {
+   font-family: inherit;
+   font-size: inherit;
+}
+
+.smallPrint {
+    color: #888;
+    font-size: 9pt ! important;
+    font-style: italic ! important;
+}
+
+#recaptcha_area { 
+    margin: auto
+}
+
+#registrationForm {
+    text-align: left;
+    padding: 1em;
+    margin-bottom: 40px;
+    display: inline-block;
+    
+    -webkit-border-radius: 10px;
+    -moz-border-radius: 10px;
+    border-radius: 10px;
+    
+    -webkit-box-shadow: 0px 0px 20px 0px rgba(0,0,0,0.15);
+    -moz-box-shadow: 0px 0px 20px 0px rgba(0,0,0,0.15);
+    box-shadow: 0px 0px 20px 0px rgba(0,0,0,0.15);
+    
+    background-color: #f8f8f8;
+    border: 1px #ccc solid;
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/synapse/__init__.py b/synapse/__init__.py
index 74c5584a1a..f46a6df1fb 100644
--- a/synapse/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/__init__.py
@@ -16,4 +16,4 @@
 """ This is a reference implementation of a Matrix home server.
 """
 
-__version__ = "0.7.1-r4"
+__version__ = "0.8.0"
diff --git a/synapse/api/urls.py b/synapse/api/urls.py
index 9485719332..3d43674625 100644
--- a/synapse/api/urls.py
+++ b/synapse/api/urls.py
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 CLIENT_PREFIX = "/_matrix/client/api/v1"
 CLIENT_V2_ALPHA_PREFIX = "/_matrix/client/v2_alpha"
 FEDERATION_PREFIX = "/_matrix/federation/v1"
+STATIC_PREFIX = "/_matrix/static"
 WEB_CLIENT_PREFIX = "/_matrix/client"
 CONTENT_REPO_PREFIX = "/_matrix/content"
 SERVER_KEY_PREFIX = "/_matrix/key/v1"
diff --git a/synapse/app/homeserver.py b/synapse/app/homeserver.py
index 2c463936cb..f96535a978 100755
--- a/synapse/app/homeserver.py
+++ b/synapse/app/homeserver.py
@@ -17,7 +17,9 @@
 import sys
 sys.dont_write_bytecode = True
 
-from synapse.storage import prepare_database, UpgradeDatabaseException
+from synapse.storage import (
+    prepare_database, prepare_sqlite3_database, UpgradeDatabaseException,
+)
 
 from synapse.server import HomeServer
 
@@ -36,7 +38,8 @@ from synapse.http.server_key_resource import LocalKey
 from synapse.http.matrixfederationclient import MatrixFederationHttpClient
 from synapse.api.urls import (
     CLIENT_PREFIX, FEDERATION_PREFIX, WEB_CLIENT_PREFIX, CONTENT_REPO_PREFIX,
-    SERVER_KEY_PREFIX, MEDIA_PREFIX, CLIENT_V2_ALPHA_PREFIX, APP_SERVICE_PREFIX
+    SERVER_KEY_PREFIX, MEDIA_PREFIX, CLIENT_V2_ALPHA_PREFIX, APP_SERVICE_PREFIX,
+    STATIC_PREFIX
 )
 from synapse.config.homeserver import HomeServerConfig
 from synapse.crypto import context_factory
@@ -52,6 +55,7 @@ import synapse
 import logging
 import os
 import re
+import resource
 import subprocess
 import sqlite3
 import syweb
@@ -81,6 +85,9 @@ class SynapseHomeServer(HomeServer):
         webclient_path = os.path.join(syweb_path, "webclient")
         return File(webclient_path)  # TODO configurable?
 
+    def build_resource_for_static_content(self):
+        return File("static")
+
     def build_resource_for_content_repo(self):
         return ContentRepoResource(
             self, self.upload_dir, self.auth, self.content_addr
@@ -124,7 +131,9 @@ class SynapseHomeServer(HomeServer):
             (SERVER_KEY_PREFIX, self.get_resource_for_server_key()),
             (MEDIA_PREFIX, self.get_resource_for_media_repository()),
             (APP_SERVICE_PREFIX, self.get_resource_for_app_services()),
+            (STATIC_PREFIX, self.get_resource_for_static_content()),
         ]
+
         if web_client:
             logger.info("Adding the web client.")
             desired_tree.append((WEB_CLIENT_PREFIX,
@@ -140,8 +149,8 @@ class SynapseHomeServer(HomeServer):
         # instead, we'll store a copy of this mapping so we can actually add
         # extra resources to existing nodes. See self._resource_id for the key.
         resource_mappings = {}
-        for (full_path, resource) in desired_tree:
-            logger.info("Attaching %s to path %s", resource, full_path)
+        for full_path, res in desired_tree:
+            logger.info("Attaching %s to path %s", res, full_path)
             last_resource = self.root_resource
             for path_seg in full_path.split('/')[1:-1]:
                 if path_seg not in last_resource.listNames():
@@ -172,12 +181,12 @@ class SynapseHomeServer(HomeServer):
                                                      child_name)
                     child_resource = resource_mappings[child_res_id]
                     # steal the children
-                    resource.putChild(child_name, child_resource)
+                    res.putChild(child_name, child_resource)
 
             # finally, insert the desired resource in the right place
-            last_resource.putChild(last_path_seg, resource)
+            last_resource.putChild(last_path_seg, res)
             res_id = self._resource_id(last_resource, last_path_seg)
-            resource_mappings[res_id] = resource
+            resource_mappings[res_id] = res
 
         return self.root_resource
 
@@ -272,6 +281,20 @@ def get_version_string():
     return ("Synapse/%s" % (synapse.__version__,)).encode("ascii")
 
 
+def change_resource_limit(soft_file_no):
+    try:
+        soft, hard = resource.getrlimit(resource.RLIMIT_NOFILE)
+
+        if not soft_file_no:
+            soft_file_no = hard
+
+        resource.setrlimit(resource.RLIMIT_NOFILE, (soft_file_no, hard))
+
+        logger.info("Set file limit to: %d", soft_file_no)
+    except (ValueError, resource.error) as e:
+        logger.warn("Failed to set file limit: %s", e)
+
+
 def setup():
     config = HomeServerConfig.load_config(
         "Synapse Homeserver",
@@ -317,6 +340,7 @@ def setup():
 
     try:
         with sqlite3.connect(db_name) as db_conn:
+            prepare_sqlite3_database(db_conn)
             prepare_database(db_conn)
     except UpgradeDatabaseException:
         sys.stderr.write(
@@ -348,10 +372,11 @@ def setup():
 
     if config.daemonize:
         print config.pid_file
+
         daemon = Daemonize(
             app="synapse-homeserver",
             pid=config.pid_file,
-            action=run,
+            action=lambda: run(config),
             auto_close_fds=False,
             verbose=True,
             logger=logger,
@@ -359,11 +384,13 @@ def setup():
 
         daemon.start()
     else:
-        reactor.run()
+        run(config)
 
 
-def run():
+def run(config):
     with LoggingContext("run"):
+        change_resource_limit(config.soft_file_limit)
+
         reactor.run()
 
 
diff --git a/synapse/appservice/__init__.py b/synapse/appservice/__init__.py
index 381b4cfc4a..a268a6bcc4 100644
--- a/synapse/appservice/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/appservice/__init__.py
@@ -46,22 +46,34 @@ class ApplicationService(object):
     def _check_namespaces(self, namespaces):
         # Sanity check that it is of the form:
         # {
-        #   users: ["regex",...],
-        #   aliases: ["regex",...],
-        #   rooms: ["regex",...],
+        #   users: [ {regex: "[A-z]+.*", exclusive: true}, ...],
+        #   aliases: [ {regex: "[A-z]+.*", exclusive: true}, ...],
+        #   rooms: [ {regex: "[A-z]+.*", exclusive: true}, ...],
         # }
         if not namespaces:
             return None
 
         for ns in ApplicationService.NS_LIST:
+            if ns not in namespaces:
+                namespaces[ns] = []
+                continue
+
             if type(namespaces[ns]) != list:
-                raise ValueError("Bad namespace value for '%s'", ns)
-            for regex in namespaces[ns]:
-                if not isinstance(regex, basestring):
-                    raise ValueError("Expected string regex for ns '%s'", ns)
+                raise ValueError("Bad namespace value for '%s'" % ns)
+            for regex_obj in namespaces[ns]:
+                if not isinstance(regex_obj, dict):
+                    raise ValueError("Expected dict regex for ns '%s'" % ns)
+                if not isinstance(regex_obj.get("exclusive"), bool):
+                    raise ValueError(
+                        "Expected bool for 'exclusive' in ns '%s'" % ns
+                    )
+                if not isinstance(regex_obj.get("regex"), basestring):
+                    raise ValueError(
+                        "Expected string for 'regex' in ns '%s'" % ns
+                    )
         return namespaces
 
-    def _matches_regex(self, test_string, namespace_key):
+    def _matches_regex(self, test_string, namespace_key, return_obj=False):
         if not isinstance(test_string, basestring):
             logger.error(
                 "Expected a string to test regex against, but got %s",
@@ -69,11 +81,19 @@ class ApplicationService(object):
             )
             return False
 
-        for regex in self.namespaces[namespace_key]:
-            if re.match(regex, test_string):
+        for regex_obj in self.namespaces[namespace_key]:
+            if re.match(regex_obj["regex"], test_string):
+                if return_obj:
+                    return regex_obj
                 return True
         return False
 
+    def _is_exclusive(self, ns_key, test_string):
+        regex_obj = self._matches_regex(test_string, ns_key, return_obj=True)
+        if regex_obj:
+            return regex_obj["exclusive"]
+        return False
+
     def _matches_user(self, event, member_list):
         if (hasattr(event, "sender") and
                 self.is_interested_in_user(event.sender)):
@@ -143,5 +163,14 @@ class ApplicationService(object):
     def is_interested_in_room(self, room_id):
         return self._matches_regex(room_id, ApplicationService.NS_ROOMS)
 
+    def is_exclusive_user(self, user_id):
+        return self._is_exclusive(ApplicationService.NS_USERS, user_id)
+
+    def is_exclusive_alias(self, alias):
+        return self._is_exclusive(ApplicationService.NS_ALIASES, alias)
+
+    def is_exclusive_room(self, room_id):
+        return self._is_exclusive(ApplicationService.NS_ROOMS, room_id)
+
     def __str__(self):
         return "ApplicationService: %s" % (self.__dict__,)
diff --git a/synapse/config/homeserver.py b/synapse/config/homeserver.py
index b0fe217459..c024535f52 100644
--- a/synapse/config/homeserver.py
+++ b/synapse/config/homeserver.py
@@ -22,11 +22,12 @@ from .repository import ContentRepositoryConfig
 from .captcha import CaptchaConfig
 from .email import EmailConfig
 from .voip import VoipConfig
+from .registration import RegistrationConfig
 
 
 class HomeServerConfig(TlsConfig, ServerConfig, DatabaseConfig, LoggingConfig,
                        RatelimitConfig, ContentRepositoryConfig, CaptchaConfig,
-                       EmailConfig, VoipConfig):
+                       EmailConfig, VoipConfig, RegistrationConfig,):
     pass
 
 
diff --git a/synapse/config/ratelimiting.py b/synapse/config/ratelimiting.py
index 17c7e64ce7..862c07ef8c 100644
--- a/synapse/config/ratelimiting.py
+++ b/synapse/config/ratelimiting.py
@@ -22,6 +22,12 @@ class RatelimitConfig(Config):
         self.rc_messages_per_second = args.rc_messages_per_second
         self.rc_message_burst_count = args.rc_message_burst_count
 
+        self.federation_rc_window_size = args.federation_rc_window_size
+        self.federation_rc_sleep_limit = args.federation_rc_sleep_limit
+        self.federation_rc_sleep_delay = args.federation_rc_sleep_delay
+        self.federation_rc_reject_limit = args.federation_rc_reject_limit
+        self.federation_rc_concurrent = args.federation_rc_concurrent
+
     @classmethod
     def add_arguments(cls, parser):
         super(RatelimitConfig, cls).add_arguments(parser)
@@ -34,3 +40,33 @@ class RatelimitConfig(Config):
             "--rc-message-burst-count", type=float, default=10,
             help="number of message a client can send before being throttled"
         )
+
+        rc_group.add_argument(
+            "--federation-rc-window-size", type=int, default=10000,
+            help="The federation window size in milliseconds",
+        )
+
+        rc_group.add_argument(
+            "--federation-rc-sleep-limit", type=int, default=10,
+            help="The number of federation requests from a single server"
+                 " in a window before the server will delay processing the"
+                 " request.",
+        )
+
+        rc_group.add_argument(
+            "--federation-rc-sleep-delay", type=int, default=500,
+            help="The duration in milliseconds to delay processing events from"
+                 " remote servers by if they go over the sleep limit.",
+        )
+
+        rc_group.add_argument(
+            "--federation-rc-reject-limit", type=int, default=50,
+            help="The maximum number of concurrent federation requests allowed"
+                 " from a single server",
+        )
+
+        rc_group.add_argument(
+            "--federation-rc-concurrent", type=int, default=3,
+            help="The number of federation requests to concurrently process"
+                 " from a single server",
+        )
diff --git a/synapse/config/registration.py b/synapse/config/registration.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cca8ab5676
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/config/registration.py
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# Copyright 2015 OpenMarket Ltd
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+from ._base import Config
+
+
+class RegistrationConfig(Config):
+
+    def __init__(self, args):
+        super(RegistrationConfig, self).__init__(args)
+        self.disable_registration = args.disable_registration
+
+    @classmethod
+    def add_arguments(cls, parser):
+        super(RegistrationConfig, cls).add_arguments(parser)
+        reg_group = parser.add_argument_group("registration")
+        reg_group.add_argument(
+            "--disable-registration",
+            action='store_true',
+            help="Disable registration of new users."
+        )
diff --git a/synapse/config/server.py b/synapse/config/server.py
index 31e44cc857..b042d4eed9 100644
--- a/synapse/config/server.py
+++ b/synapse/config/server.py
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ class ServerConfig(Config):
         self.pid_file = self.abspath(args.pid_file)
         self.webclient = True
         self.manhole = args.manhole
-        self.no_tls = args.no_tls
+        self.soft_file_limit = args.soft_file_limit
 
         if not args.content_addr:
             host = args.server_name
@@ -75,8 +75,12 @@ class ServerConfig(Config):
         server_group.add_argument("--content-addr", default=None,
                                   help="The host and scheme to use for the "
                                   "content repository")
-        server_group.add_argument("--no-tls", action='store_true',
-                                  help="Don't bind to the https port.")
+        server_group.add_argument("--soft-file-limit", type=int, default=0,
+                                  help="Set the soft limit on the number of "
+                                       "file descriptors synapse can use. "
+                                       "Zero is used to indicate synapse "
+                                       "should set the soft limit to the hard"
+                                       "limit.")
 
     def read_signing_key(self, signing_key_path):
         signing_keys = self.read_file(signing_key_path, "signing_key")
diff --git a/synapse/config/tls.py b/synapse/config/tls.py
index 384b29e7ba..034f9a7bf0 100644
--- a/synapse/config/tls.py
+++ b/synapse/config/tls.py
@@ -28,9 +28,16 @@ class TlsConfig(Config):
         self.tls_certificate = self.read_tls_certificate(
             args.tls_certificate_path
         )
-        self.tls_private_key = self.read_tls_private_key(
-            args.tls_private_key_path
-        )
+
+        self.no_tls = args.no_tls
+
+        if self.no_tls:
+            self.tls_private_key = None
+        else:
+            self.tls_private_key = self.read_tls_private_key(
+                args.tls_private_key_path
+            )
+
         self.tls_dh_params_path = self.check_file(
             args.tls_dh_params_path, "tls_dh_params"
         )
@@ -45,6 +52,8 @@ class TlsConfig(Config):
                                help="PEM encoded private key for TLS")
         tls_group.add_argument("--tls-dh-params-path",
                                help="PEM dh parameters for ephemeral keys")
+        tls_group.add_argument("--no-tls", action='store_true',
+                               help="Don't bind to the https port.")
 
     def read_tls_certificate(self, cert_path):
         cert_pem = self.read_file(cert_path, "tls_certificate")
diff --git a/synapse/config/voip.py b/synapse/config/voip.py
index a2b822719f..65162d21b7 100644
--- a/synapse/config/voip.py
+++ b/synapse/config/voip.py
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ class VoipConfig(Config):
         super(VoipConfig, cls).add_arguments(parser)
         group = parser.add_argument_group("voip")
         group.add_argument(
-            "--turn-uris", type=str, default=None,
+            "--turn-uris", type=str, default=None, action='append',
             help="The public URIs of the TURN server to give to clients"
         )
         group.add_argument(
diff --git a/synapse/crypto/context_factory.py b/synapse/crypto/context_factory.py
index 24d4abf3e9..2f8618a0df 100644
--- a/synapse/crypto/context_factory.py
+++ b/synapse/crypto/context_factory.py
@@ -38,7 +38,10 @@ class ServerContextFactory(ssl.ContextFactory):
             logger.exception("Failed to enable eliptic curve for TLS")
         context.set_options(SSL.OP_NO_SSLv2 | SSL.OP_NO_SSLv3)
         context.use_certificate(config.tls_certificate)
-        context.use_privatekey(config.tls_private_key)
+
+        if not config.no_tls:
+            context.use_privatekey(config.tls_private_key)
+
         context.load_tmp_dh(config.tls_dh_params_path)
         context.set_cipher_list("!ADH:HIGH+kEDH:!AECDH:HIGH+kEECDH")
 
diff --git a/synapse/crypto/keyring.py b/synapse/crypto/keyring.py
index 828aced44a..f4db7b8a05 100644
--- a/synapse/crypto/keyring.py
+++ b/synapse/crypto/keyring.py
@@ -50,18 +50,27 @@ class Keyring(object):
             )
         try:
             verify_key = yield self.get_server_verify_key(server_name, key_ids)
-        except IOError:
+        except IOError as e:
+            logger.warn(
+                "Got IOError when downloading keys for %s: %s %s",
+                server_name, type(e).__name__, str(e.message),
+            )
             raise SynapseError(
                 502,
                 "Error downloading keys for %s" % (server_name,),
                 Codes.UNAUTHORIZED,
             )
-        except:
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.warn(
+                "Got Exception when downloading keys for %s: %s %s",
+                server_name, type(e).__name__, str(e.message),
+            )
             raise SynapseError(
                 401,
                 "No key for %s with id %s" % (server_name, key_ids),
                 Codes.UNAUTHORIZED,
             )
+
         try:
             verify_signed_json(json_object, server_name, verify_key)
         except:
diff --git a/synapse/federation/federation_client.py b/synapse/federation/federation_client.py
index cd3c962d50..f131941f45 100644
--- a/synapse/federation/federation_client.py
+++ b/synapse/federation/federation_client.py
@@ -19,14 +19,18 @@ from twisted.internet import defer
 from .federation_base import FederationBase
 from .units import Edu
 
-from synapse.api.errors import CodeMessageException, SynapseError
+from synapse.api.errors import (
+    CodeMessageException, HttpResponseException, SynapseError,
+)
 from synapse.util.expiringcache import ExpiringCache
 from synapse.util.logutils import log_function
 from synapse.events import FrozenEvent
 
 from synapse.util.retryutils import get_retry_limiter, NotRetryingDestination
 
+import itertools
 import logging
+import random
 
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
@@ -439,6 +443,116 @@ class FederationClient(FederationBase):
 
         defer.returnValue(ret)
 
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def get_missing_events(self, destination, room_id, earliest_events_ids,
+                           latest_events, limit, min_depth):
+        """Tries to fetch events we are missing. This is called when we receive
+        an event without having received all of its ancestors.
+
+        Args:
+            destination (str)
+            room_id (str)
+            earliest_events_ids (list): List of event ids. Effectively the
+                events we expected to receive, but haven't. `get_missing_events`
+                should only return events that didn't happen before these.
+            latest_events (list): List of events we have received that we don't
+                have all previous events for.
+            limit (int): Maximum number of events to return.
+            min_depth (int): Minimum depth of events tor return.
+        """
+        try:
+            content = yield self.transport_layer.get_missing_events(
+                destination=destination,
+                room_id=room_id,
+                earliest_events=earliest_events_ids,
+                latest_events=[e.event_id for e in latest_events],
+                limit=limit,
+                min_depth=min_depth,
+            )
+
+            events = [
+                self.event_from_pdu_json(e)
+                for e in content.get("events", [])
+            ]
+
+            signed_events = yield self._check_sigs_and_hash_and_fetch(
+                destination, events, outlier=True
+            )
+
+            have_gotten_all_from_destination = True
+        except HttpResponseException as e:
+            if not e.code == 400:
+                raise
+
+            # We are probably hitting an old server that doesn't support
+            # get_missing_events
+            signed_events = []
+            have_gotten_all_from_destination = False
+
+        if len(signed_events) >= limit:
+            defer.returnValue(signed_events)
+
+        servers = yield self.store.get_joined_hosts_for_room(room_id)
+
+        servers = set(servers)
+        servers.discard(self.server_name)
+
+        failed_to_fetch = set()
+
+        while len(signed_events) < limit:
+            # Are we missing any?
+
+            seen_events = set(earliest_events_ids)
+            seen_events.update(e.event_id for e in signed_events)
+
+            missing_events = {}
+            for e in itertools.chain(latest_events, signed_events):
+                if e.depth > min_depth:
+                    missing_events.update({
+                        e_id: e.depth for e_id, _ in e.prev_events
+                        if e_id not in seen_events
+                        and e_id not in failed_to_fetch
+                    })
+
+            if not missing_events:
+                break
+
+            have_seen = yield self.store.have_events(missing_events)
+
+            for k in have_seen:
+                missing_events.pop(k, None)
+
+            if not missing_events:
+                break
+
+            # Okay, we haven't gotten everything yet. Lets get them.
+            ordered_missing = sorted(missing_events.items(), key=lambda x: x[0])
+
+            if have_gotten_all_from_destination:
+                servers.discard(destination)
+
+            def random_server_list():
+                srvs = list(servers)
+                random.shuffle(srvs)
+                return srvs
+
+            deferreds = [
+                self.get_pdu(
+                    destinations=random_server_list(),
+                    event_id=e_id,
+                )
+                for e_id, depth in ordered_missing[:limit - len(signed_events)]
+            ]
+
+            res = yield defer.DeferredList(deferreds, consumeErrors=True)
+            for (result, val), (e_id, _) in zip(res, ordered_missing):
+                if result:
+                    signed_events.append(val)
+                else:
+                    failed_to_fetch.add(e_id)
+
+        defer.returnValue(signed_events)
+
     def event_from_pdu_json(self, pdu_json, outlier=False):
         event = FrozenEvent(
             pdu_json
diff --git a/synapse/federation/federation_server.py b/synapse/federation/federation_server.py
index 22b9663831..9c7dcdba96 100644
--- a/synapse/federation/federation_server.py
+++ b/synapse/federation/federation_server.py
@@ -112,17 +112,20 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
         logger.debug("[%s] Transaction is new", transaction.transaction_id)
 
         with PreserveLoggingContext():
-            dl = []
+            results = []
+
             for pdu in pdu_list:
                 d = self._handle_new_pdu(transaction.origin, pdu)
 
-                def handle_failure(failure):
-                    failure.trap(FederationError)
-                    self.send_failure(failure.value, transaction.origin)
-
-                d.addErrback(handle_failure)
-
-                dl.append(d)
+                try:
+                    yield d
+                    results.append({})
+                except FederationError as e:
+                    self.send_failure(e, transaction.origin)
+                    results.append({"error": str(e)})
+                except Exception as e:
+                    results.append({"error": str(e)})
+                    logger.exception("Failed to handle PDU")
 
             if hasattr(transaction, "edus"):
                 for edu in [Edu(**x) for x in transaction.edus]:
@@ -135,21 +138,11 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
             for failure in getattr(transaction, "pdu_failures", []):
                 logger.info("Got failure %r", failure)
 
-            results = yield defer.DeferredList(dl, consumeErrors=True)
-
-        ret = []
-        for r in results:
-            if r[0]:
-                ret.append({})
-            else:
-                logger.exception(r[1])
-                ret.append({"error": str(r[1].value)})
-
-        logger.debug("Returning: %s", str(ret))
+        logger.debug("Returning: %s", str(results))
 
         response = {
             "pdus": dict(zip(
-                (p.event_id for p in pdu_list), ret
+                (p.event_id for p in pdu_list), results
             )),
         }
 
@@ -305,6 +298,20 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
             (200, send_content)
         )
 
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    @log_function
+    def on_get_missing_events(self, origin, room_id, earliest_events,
+                              latest_events, limit, min_depth):
+        missing_events = yield self.handler.on_get_missing_events(
+            origin, room_id, earliest_events, latest_events, limit, min_depth
+        )
+
+        time_now = self._clock.time_msec()
+
+        defer.returnValue({
+            "events": [ev.get_pdu_json(time_now) for ev in missing_events],
+        })
+
     @log_function
     def _get_persisted_pdu(self, origin, event_id, do_auth=True):
         """ Get a PDU from the database with given origin and id.
@@ -331,7 +338,7 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     @log_function
-    def _handle_new_pdu(self, origin, pdu, max_recursion=10):
+    def _handle_new_pdu(self, origin, pdu, get_missing=True):
         # We reprocess pdus when we have seen them only as outliers
         existing = yield self._get_persisted_pdu(
             origin, pdu.event_id, do_auth=False
@@ -383,48 +390,54 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
                 pdu.room_id, min_depth
             )
 
+            prevs = {e_id for e_id, _ in pdu.prev_events}
+            seen = set(have_seen.keys())
+
             if min_depth and pdu.depth < min_depth:
                 # This is so that we don't notify the user about this
                 # message, to work around the fact that some events will
                 # reference really really old events we really don't want to
                 # send to the clients.
                 pdu.internal_metadata.outlier = True
-            elif min_depth and pdu.depth > min_depth and max_recursion > 0:
-                for event_id, hashes in pdu.prev_events:
-                    if event_id not in have_seen:
-                        logger.debug(
-                            "_handle_new_pdu requesting pdu %s",
-                            event_id
+            elif min_depth and pdu.depth > min_depth:
+                if get_missing and prevs - seen:
+                    latest_tuples = yield self.store.get_latest_events_in_room(
+                        pdu.room_id
+                    )
+
+                    # We add the prev events that we have seen to the latest
+                    # list to ensure the remote server doesn't give them to us
+                    latest = set(e_id for e_id, _, _ in latest_tuples)
+                    latest |= seen
+
+                    missing_events = yield self.get_missing_events(
+                        origin,
+                        pdu.room_id,
+                        earliest_events_ids=list(latest),
+                        latest_events=[pdu],
+                        limit=10,
+                        min_depth=min_depth,
+                    )
+
+                    # We want to sort these by depth so we process them and
+                    # tell clients about them in order.
+                    missing_events.sort(key=lambda x: x.depth)
+
+                    for e in missing_events:
+                        yield self._handle_new_pdu(
+                            origin,
+                            e,
+                            get_missing=False
                         )
 
-                        try:
-                            new_pdu = yield self.federation_client.get_pdu(
-                                [origin, pdu.origin],
-                                event_id=event_id,
-                            )
-
-                            if new_pdu:
-                                yield self._handle_new_pdu(
-                                    origin,
-                                    new_pdu,
-                                    max_recursion=max_recursion-1
-                                )
-
-                                logger.debug("Processed pdu %s", event_id)
-                            else:
-                                logger.warn("Failed to get PDU %s", event_id)
-                                fetch_state = True
-                        except:
-                            # TODO(erikj): Do some more intelligent retries.
-                            logger.exception("Failed to get PDU")
-                            fetch_state = True
-            else:
-                prevs = {e_id for e_id, _ in pdu.prev_events}
-                seen = set(have_seen.keys())
-                if prevs - seen:
-                    fetch_state = True
-        else:
-            fetch_state = True
+                    have_seen = yield self.store.have_events(
+                        [ev for ev, _ in pdu.prev_events]
+                    )
+
+            prevs = {e_id for e_id, _ in pdu.prev_events}
+            seen = set(have_seen.keys())
+            if prevs - seen:
+                fetch_state = True
 
         if fetch_state:
             # We need to get the state at this event, since we haven't
diff --git a/synapse/federation/transaction_queue.py b/synapse/federation/transaction_queue.py
index 7d30c924d1..741a4e7a1a 100644
--- a/synapse/federation/transaction_queue.py
+++ b/synapse/federation/transaction_queue.py
@@ -224,6 +224,8 @@ class TransactionQueue(object):
         ]
 
         try:
+            self.pending_transactions[destination] = 1
+
             limiter = yield get_retry_limiter(
                 destination,
                 self._clock,
@@ -239,8 +241,6 @@ class TransactionQueue(object):
                 len(pending_failures)
             )
 
-            self.pending_transactions[destination] = 1
-
             logger.debug("TX [%s] Persisting transaction...", destination)
 
             transaction = Transaction.create_new(
@@ -287,7 +287,7 @@ class TransactionQueue(object):
                     code = 200
 
                     if response:
-                        for e_id, r in getattr(response, "pdus", {}).items():
+                        for e_id, r in response.get("pdus", {}).items():
                             if "error" in r:
                                 logger.warn(
                                     "Transaction returned error for %s: %s",
diff --git a/synapse/federation/transport/__init__.py b/synapse/federation/transport/__init__.py
index 6800ac46c5..2a671b9aec 100644
--- a/synapse/federation/transport/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/federation/transport/__init__.py
@@ -24,6 +24,8 @@ communicate over a different (albeit still reliable) protocol.
 from .server import TransportLayerServer
 from .client import TransportLayerClient
 
+from synapse.util.ratelimitutils import FederationRateLimiter
+
 
 class TransportLayer(TransportLayerServer, TransportLayerClient):
     """This is a basic implementation of the transport layer that translates
@@ -55,8 +57,18 @@ class TransportLayer(TransportLayerServer, TransportLayerClient):
                 send requests
         """
         self.keyring = homeserver.get_keyring()
+        self.clock = homeserver.get_clock()
         self.server_name = server_name
         self.server = server
         self.client = client
         self.request_handler = None
         self.received_handler = None
+
+        self.ratelimiter = FederationRateLimiter(
+            self.clock,
+            window_size=homeserver.config.federation_rc_window_size,
+            sleep_limit=homeserver.config.federation_rc_sleep_limit,
+            sleep_msec=homeserver.config.federation_rc_sleep_delay,
+            reject_limit=homeserver.config.federation_rc_reject_limit,
+            concurrent_requests=homeserver.config.federation_rc_concurrent,
+        )
diff --git a/synapse/federation/transport/client.py b/synapse/federation/transport/client.py
index 8b137e7128..80d03012b7 100644
--- a/synapse/federation/transport/client.py
+++ b/synapse/federation/transport/client.py
@@ -219,3 +219,22 @@ class TransportLayerClient(object):
         )
 
         defer.returnValue(content)
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    @log_function
+    def get_missing_events(self, destination, room_id, earliest_events,
+                           latest_events, limit, min_depth):
+        path = PREFIX + "/get_missing_events/%s" % (room_id,)
+
+        content = yield self.client.post_json(
+            destination=destination,
+            path=path,
+            data={
+                "limit": int(limit),
+                "min_depth": int(min_depth),
+                "earliest_events": earliest_events,
+                "latest_events": latest_events,
+            }
+        )
+
+        defer.returnValue(content)
diff --git a/synapse/federation/transport/server.py b/synapse/federation/transport/server.py
index 2ffb37aa18..ece6dbcf62 100644
--- a/synapse/federation/transport/server.py
+++ b/synapse/federation/transport/server.py
@@ -98,15 +98,23 @@ class TransportLayerServer(object):
         def new_handler(request, *args, **kwargs):
             try:
                 (origin, content) = yield self._authenticate_request(request)
-                response = yield handler(
-                    origin, content, request.args, *args, **kwargs
-                )
+                with self.ratelimiter.ratelimit(origin) as d:
+                    yield d
+                    response = yield handler(
+                        origin, content, request.args, *args, **kwargs
+                    )
             except:
                 logger.exception("_authenticate_request failed")
                 raise
             defer.returnValue(response)
         return new_handler
 
+    def rate_limit_origin(self, handler):
+        def new_handler(origin, *args, **kwargs):
+            response = yield handler(origin, *args, **kwargs)
+            defer.returnValue(response)
+        return new_handler()
+
     @log_function
     def register_received_handler(self, handler):
         """ Register a handler that will be fired when we receive data.
@@ -234,6 +242,7 @@ class TransportLayerServer(object):
                 )
             )
         )
+
         self.server.register_path(
             "POST",
             re.compile("^" + PREFIX + "/query_auth/([^/]*)/([^/]*)$"),
@@ -245,6 +254,17 @@ class TransportLayerServer(object):
             )
         )
 
+        self.server.register_path(
+            "POST",
+            re.compile("^" + PREFIX + "/get_missing_events/([^/]*)/?$"),
+            self._with_authentication(
+                lambda origin, content, query, room_id:
+                self._get_missing_events(
+                    origin, content, room_id,
+                )
+            )
+        )
+
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     @log_function
     def _on_send_request(self, origin, content, query, transaction_id):
@@ -344,3 +364,22 @@ class TransportLayerServer(object):
         )
 
         defer.returnValue((200, new_content))
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    @log_function
+    def _get_missing_events(self, origin, content, room_id):
+        limit = int(content.get("limit", 10))
+        min_depth = int(content.get("min_depth", 0))
+        earliest_events = content.get("earliest_events", [])
+        latest_events = content.get("latest_events", [])
+
+        content = yield self.request_handler.on_get_missing_events(
+            origin,
+            room_id=room_id,
+            earliest_events=earliest_events,
+            latest_events=latest_events,
+            min_depth=min_depth,
+            limit=limit,
+        )
+
+        defer.returnValue((200, content))
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/directory.py b/synapse/handlers/directory.py
index 20ab9e269c..f76febee8f 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/directory.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/directory.py
@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ class DirectoryHandler(BaseHandler):
         if not room_id:
             raise SynapseError(
                 404,
-                "Room alias %r not found" % (room_alias.to_string(),),
+                "Room alias %s not found" % (room_alias.to_string(),),
                 Codes.NOT_FOUND
             )
 
@@ -232,13 +232,23 @@ class DirectoryHandler(BaseHandler):
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def can_modify_alias(self, alias, user_id=None):
+        # Any application service "interested" in an alias they are regexing on
+        # can modify the alias.
+        # Users can only modify the alias if ALL the interested services have
+        # non-exclusive locks on the alias (or there are no interested services)
         services = yield self.store.get_app_services()
         interested_services = [
             s for s in services if s.is_interested_in_alias(alias.to_string())
         ]
+
         for service in interested_services:
             if user_id == service.sender:
-                # this user IS the app service
+                # this user IS the app service so they can do whatever they like
                 defer.returnValue(True)
                 return
-        defer.returnValue(len(interested_services) == 0)
+            elif service.is_exclusive_alias(alias.to_string()):
+                # another service has an exclusive lock on this alias.
+                defer.returnValue(False)
+                return
+        # either no interested services, or no service with an exclusive lock
+        defer.returnValue(True)
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/events.py b/synapse/handlers/events.py
index 025e7e7e62..d3297b7292 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/events.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/events.py
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ from synapse.events.utils import serialize_event
 from ._base import BaseHandler
 
 import logging
+import random
 
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
@@ -69,12 +70,17 @@ class EventStreamHandler(BaseHandler):
                         )
                 self._streams_per_user[auth_user] += 1
 
-            if pagin_config.from_token is None:
-                pagin_config.from_token = None
-
             rm_handler = self.hs.get_handlers().room_member_handler
             room_ids = yield rm_handler.get_rooms_for_user(auth_user)
 
+            if timeout:
+                # If they've set a timeout set a minimum limit.
+                timeout = max(timeout, 500)
+
+                # Add some randomness to this value to try and mitigate against
+                # thundering herds on restart.
+                timeout = random.randint(int(timeout*0.9), int(timeout*1.1))
+
             with PreserveLoggingContext():
                 events, tokens = yield self.notifier.get_events_for(
                     auth_user, room_ids, pagin_config, timeout
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/federation.py b/synapse/handlers/federation.py
index 7deed16f9c..ae4e9b316d 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/federation.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/federation.py
@@ -581,12 +581,13 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
         defer.returnValue(event)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def get_state_for_pdu(self, origin, room_id, event_id):
+    def get_state_for_pdu(self, origin, room_id, event_id, do_auth=True):
         yield run_on_reactor()
 
-        in_room = yield self.auth.check_host_in_room(room_id, origin)
-        if not in_room:
-            raise AuthError(403, "Host not in room.")
+        if do_auth:
+            in_room = yield self.auth.check_host_in_room(room_id, origin)
+            if not in_room:
+                raise AuthError(403, "Host not in room.")
 
         state_groups = yield self.store.get_state_groups(
             [event_id]
@@ -789,6 +790,29 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
         defer.returnValue(ret)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def on_get_missing_events(self, origin, room_id, earliest_events,
+                              latest_events, limit, min_depth):
+        in_room = yield self.auth.check_host_in_room(
+            room_id,
+            origin
+        )
+        if not in_room:
+            raise AuthError(403, "Host not in room.")
+
+        limit = min(limit, 20)
+        min_depth = max(min_depth, 0)
+
+        missing_events = yield self.store.get_missing_events(
+            room_id=room_id,
+            earliest_events=earliest_events,
+            latest_events=latest_events,
+            limit=limit,
+            min_depth=min_depth,
+        )
+
+        defer.returnValue(missing_events)
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
     @log_function
     def do_auth(self, origin, event, context, auth_events):
         # Check if we have all the auth events.
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/profile.py b/synapse/handlers/profile.py
index 03b2159c53..2ddf9d5378 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/profile.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/profile.py
@@ -212,10 +212,16 @@ class ProfileHandler(BaseHandler):
             )
 
             msg_handler = self.hs.get_handlers().message_handler
-            yield msg_handler.create_and_send_event({
-                "type": EventTypes.Member,
-                "room_id": j.room_id,
-                "state_key": user.to_string(),
-                "content": content,
-                "sender": user.to_string()
-            }, ratelimit=False)
+            try:
+                yield msg_handler.create_and_send_event({
+                    "type": EventTypes.Member,
+                    "room_id": j.room_id,
+                    "state_key": user.to_string(),
+                    "content": content,
+                    "sender": user.to_string()
+                }, ratelimit=False)
+            except Exception as e:
+                logger.warn(
+                    "Failed to update join event for room %s - %s",
+                    j.room_id, str(e.message)
+                )
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/register.py b/synapse/handlers/register.py
index 516a936cee..cda4a8502a 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/register.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/register.py
@@ -201,11 +201,12 @@ class RegistrationHandler(BaseHandler):
         interested_services = [
             s for s in services if s.is_interested_in_user(user_id)
         ]
-        if len(interested_services) > 0:
-            raise SynapseError(
-                400, "This user ID is reserved by an application service.",
-                errcode=Codes.EXCLUSIVE
-            )
+        for service in interested_services:
+            if service.is_exclusive_user(user_id):
+                raise SynapseError(
+                    400, "This user ID is reserved by an application service.",
+                    errcode=Codes.EXCLUSIVE
+                )
 
     def _generate_token(self, user_id):
         # urlsafe variant uses _ and - so use . as the separator and replace
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/room.py b/synapse/handlers/room.py
index 914742d913..80f7ee3f12 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/room.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/room.py
@@ -510,9 +510,16 @@ class RoomMemberHandler(BaseHandler):
     def get_rooms_for_user(self, user, membership_list=[Membership.JOIN]):
         """Returns a list of roomids that the user has any of the given
         membership states in."""
-        rooms = yield self.store.get_rooms_for_user_where_membership_is(
-            user_id=user.to_string(), membership_list=membership_list
+
+        app_service = yield self.store.get_app_service_by_user_id(
+            user.to_string()
         )
+        if app_service:
+            rooms = yield self.store.get_app_service_rooms(app_service)
+        else:
+            rooms = yield self.store.get_rooms_for_user_where_membership_is(
+                user_id=user.to_string(), membership_list=membership_list
+            )
 
         # For some reason the list of events contains duplicates
         # TODO(paul): work out why because I really don't think it should
@@ -559,13 +566,24 @@ class RoomEventSource(object):
 
         to_key = yield self.get_current_key()
 
-        events, end_key = yield self.store.get_room_events_stream(
-            user_id=user.to_string(),
-            from_key=from_key,
-            to_key=to_key,
-            room_id=None,
-            limit=limit,
+        app_service = yield self.store.get_app_service_by_user_id(
+            user.to_string()
         )
+        if app_service:
+            events, end_key = yield self.store.get_appservice_room_stream(
+                service=app_service,
+                from_key=from_key,
+                to_key=to_key,
+                limit=limit,
+            )
+        else:
+            events, end_key = yield self.store.get_room_events_stream(
+                user_id=user.to_string(),
+                from_key=from_key,
+                to_key=to_key,
+                room_id=None,
+                limit=limit,
+            )
 
         defer.returnValue((events, end_key))
 
diff --git a/synapse/http/client.py b/synapse/http/client.py
index 22b7145ac1..b53a07aa2d 100644
--- a/synapse/http/client.py
+++ b/synapse/http/client.py
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ class SimpleHttpClient(object):
             query_bytes = urllib.urlencode(args, True)
             uri = "%s?%s" % (uri, query_bytes)
 
-        json_str = json.dumps(json_body)
+        json_str = encode_canonical_json(json_body)
 
         response = yield self.agent.request(
             "PUT",
diff --git a/synapse/http/server.py b/synapse/http/server.py
index 74a101a5d7..767c3ef79b 100644
--- a/synapse/http/server.py
+++ b/synapse/http/server.py
@@ -124,27 +124,29 @@ class JsonResource(HttpServer, resource.Resource):
             # and path regex match
             for path_entry in self.path_regexs.get(request.method, []):
                 m = path_entry.pattern.match(request.path)
-                if m:
-                    # We found a match! Trigger callback and then return the
-                    # returned response. We pass both the request and any
-                    # matched groups from the regex to the callback.
-
-                    args = [
-                        urllib.unquote(u).decode("UTF-8") for u in m.groups()
-                    ]
-
-                    logger.info(
-                        "Received request: %s %s",
-                        request.method, request.path
-                    )
-
-                    code, response = yield path_entry.callback(
-                        request,
-                        *args
-                    )
-
-                    self._send_response(request, code, response)
-                    return
+                if not m:
+                    continue
+
+                # We found a match! Trigger callback and then return the
+                # returned response. We pass both the request and any
+                # matched groups from the regex to the callback.
+
+                args = [
+                    urllib.unquote(u).decode("UTF-8") for u in m.groups()
+                ]
+
+                logger.info(
+                    "Received request: %s %s",
+                    request.method, request.path
+                )
+
+                code, response = yield path_entry.callback(
+                    request,
+                    *args
+                )
+
+                self._send_response(request, code, response)
+                return
 
             # Huh. No one wanted to handle that? Fiiiiiine. Send 400.
             raise UnrecognizedRequestError()
diff --git a/synapse/notifier.py b/synapse/notifier.py
index 2475f3ffbe..df13e8ddb6 100644
--- a/synapse/notifier.py
+++ b/synapse/notifier.py
@@ -36,8 +36,10 @@ class _NotificationListener(object):
     so that it can remove itself from the indexes in the Notifier class.
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, user, rooms, from_token, limit, timeout, deferred):
+    def __init__(self, user, rooms, from_token, limit, timeout, deferred,
+                 appservice=None):
         self.user = user
+        self.appservice = appservice
         self.from_token = from_token
         self.limit = limit
         self.timeout = timeout
@@ -61,10 +63,14 @@ class _NotificationListener(object):
             pass
 
         for room in self.rooms:
-            lst = notifier.rooms_to_listeners.get(room, set())
+            lst = notifier.room_to_listeners.get(room, set())
             lst.discard(self)
 
         notifier.user_to_listeners.get(self.user, set()).discard(self)
+        if self.appservice:
+            notifier.appservice_to_listeners.get(
+                self.appservice, set()
+            ).discard(self)
 
 
 class Notifier(object):
@@ -77,8 +83,9 @@ class Notifier(object):
     def __init__(self, hs):
         self.hs = hs
 
-        self.rooms_to_listeners = {}
+        self.room_to_listeners = {}
         self.user_to_listeners = {}
+        self.appservice_to_listeners = {}
 
         self.event_sources = hs.get_event_sources()
 
@@ -109,11 +116,22 @@ class Notifier(object):
 
         room_source = self.event_sources.sources["room"]
 
-        listeners = self.rooms_to_listeners.get(room_id, set()).copy()
+        listeners = self.room_to_listeners.get(room_id, set()).copy()
 
         for user in extra_users:
             listeners |= self.user_to_listeners.get(user, set()).copy()
 
+        for appservice in self.appservice_to_listeners:
+            # TODO (kegan): Redundant appservice listener checks?
+            # App services will already be in the room_to_listeners set, but
+            # that isn't enough. They need to be checked here in order to
+            # receive *invites* for users they are interested in. Does this
+            # make the room_to_listeners check somewhat obselete?
+            if appservice.is_interested(event):
+                listeners |= self.appservice_to_listeners.get(
+                    appservice, set()
+                ).copy()
+
         logger.debug("on_new_room_event listeners %s", listeners)
 
         # TODO (erikj): Can we make this more efficient by hitting the
@@ -166,7 +184,7 @@ class Notifier(object):
             listeners |= self.user_to_listeners.get(user, set()).copy()
 
         for room in rooms:
-            listeners |= self.rooms_to_listeners.get(room, set()).copy()
+            listeners |= self.room_to_listeners.get(room, set()).copy()
 
         @defer.inlineCallbacks
         def notify(listener):
@@ -280,6 +298,10 @@ class Notifier(object):
         if not from_token:
             from_token = yield self.event_sources.get_current_token()
 
+        appservice = yield self.hs.get_datastore().get_app_service_by_user_id(
+            user.to_string()
+        )
+
         listener = _NotificationListener(
             user,
             rooms,
@@ -287,6 +309,7 @@ class Notifier(object):
             limit,
             timeout,
             deferred,
+            appservice=appservice
         )
 
         def _timeout_listener():
@@ -314,11 +337,16 @@ class Notifier(object):
     @log_function
     def _register_with_keys(self, listener):
         for room in listener.rooms:
-            s = self.rooms_to_listeners.setdefault(room, set())
+            s = self.room_to_listeners.setdefault(room, set())
             s.add(listener)
 
         self.user_to_listeners.setdefault(listener.user, set()).add(listener)
 
+        if listener.appservice:
+            self.appservice_to_listeners.setdefault(
+                listener.appservice, set()
+            ).add(listener)
+
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     @log_function
     def _check_for_updates(self, listener):
@@ -352,5 +380,5 @@ class Notifier(object):
     def _user_joined_room(self, user, room_id):
         new_listeners = self.user_to_listeners.get(user, set())
 
-        listeners = self.rooms_to_listeners.setdefault(room_id, set())
+        listeners = self.room_to_listeners.setdefault(room_id, set())
         listeners |= new_listeners
diff --git a/synapse/push/__init__.py b/synapse/push/__init__.py
index 0fb3e4f7f3..3da0ce8703 100644
--- a/synapse/push/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/push/__init__.py
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ class Pusher(object):
     INITIAL_BACKOFF = 1000
     MAX_BACKOFF = 60 * 60 * 1000
     GIVE_UP_AFTER = 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000
-    DEFAULT_ACTIONS = ['notify']
+    DEFAULT_ACTIONS = ['dont-notify']
 
     INEQUALITY_EXPR = re.compile("^([=<>]*)([0-9]*)$")
 
@@ -72,16 +72,14 @@ class Pusher(object):
             # let's assume you probably know about messages you sent yourself
             defer.returnValue(['dont_notify'])
 
-        if ev['type'] == 'm.room.member':
-            if ev['state_key'] != self.user_name:
-                defer.returnValue(['dont_notify'])
-
-        rawrules = yield self.store.get_push_rules_for_user_name(self.user_name)
+        rawrules = yield self.store.get_push_rules_for_user(self.user_name)
 
         for r in rawrules:
             r['conditions'] = json.loads(r['conditions'])
             r['actions'] = json.loads(r['actions'])
 
+        enabled_map = yield self.store.get_push_rules_enabled_for_user(self.user_name)
+
         user = UserID.from_string(self.user_name)
 
         rules = baserules.list_with_base_rules(rawrules, user)
@@ -107,6 +105,8 @@ class Pusher(object):
             room_member_count += 1
 
         for r in rules:
+            if r['rule_id'] in enabled_map and not enabled_map[r['rule_id']]:
+                continue
             matches = True
 
             conditions = r['conditions']
@@ -117,7 +117,11 @@ class Pusher(object):
                     ev, c, display_name=my_display_name,
                     room_member_count=room_member_count
                 )
-            # ignore rules with no actions (we have an explict 'dont_notify'
+            logger.debug(
+                "Rule %s %s",
+                r['rule_id'], "matches" if matches else "doesn't match"
+            )
+            # ignore rules with no actions (we have an explict 'dont_notify')
             if len(actions) == 0:
                 logger.warn(
                     "Ignoring rule id %s with no actions for user %s" %
diff --git a/synapse/push/baserules.py b/synapse/push/baserules.py
index 162d265f66..6e333a3d21 100644
--- a/synapse/push/baserules.py
+++ b/synapse/push/baserules.py
@@ -32,12 +32,14 @@ def make_base_rules(user, kind):
 
     if kind == 'override':
         rules = make_base_override_rules()
+    elif kind == 'underride':
+        rules = make_base_underride_rules(user)
     elif kind == 'content':
         rules = make_base_content_rules(user)
 
     for r in rules:
         r['priority_class'] = PRIORITY_CLASS_MAP[kind]
-        r['default'] = True
+        r['default'] = True  # Deprecated, left for backwards compat
 
     return rules
 
@@ -45,6 +47,7 @@ def make_base_rules(user, kind):
 def make_base_content_rules(user):
     return [
         {
+            'rule_id': 'global/content/.m.rule.contains_user_name',
             'conditions': [
                 {
                     'kind': 'event_match',
@@ -57,6 +60,8 @@ def make_base_content_rules(user):
                 {
                     'set_tweak': 'sound',
                     'value': 'default',
+                }, {
+                    'set_tweak': 'highlight'
                 }
             ]
         },
@@ -66,6 +71,40 @@ def make_base_content_rules(user):
 def make_base_override_rules():
     return [
         {
+            'rule_id': 'global/override/.m.rule.call',
+            'conditions': [
+                {
+                    'kind': 'event_match',
+                    'key': 'type',
+                    'pattern': 'm.call.invite',
+                }
+            ],
+            'actions': [
+                'notify',
+                {
+                    'set_tweak': 'sound',
+                    'value': 'ring'
+                }, {
+                    'set_tweak': 'highlight',
+                    'value': 'false'
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            'rule_id': 'global/override/.m.rule.suppress_notices',
+            'conditions': [
+                {
+                    'kind': 'event_match',
+                    'key': 'content.msgtype',
+                    'pattern': 'm.notice',
+                }
+            ],
+            'actions': [
+                'dont_notify',
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            'rule_id': 'global/override/.m.rule.contains_display_name',
             'conditions': [
                 {
                     'kind': 'contains_display_name'
@@ -76,10 +115,13 @@ def make_base_override_rules():
                 {
                     'set_tweak': 'sound',
                     'value': 'default'
+                }, {
+                    'set_tweak': 'highlight'
                 }
             ]
         },
         {
+            'rule_id': 'global/override/.m.rule.room_one_to_one',
             'conditions': [
                 {
                     'kind': 'room_member_count',
@@ -91,6 +133,76 @@ def make_base_override_rules():
                 {
                     'set_tweak': 'sound',
                     'value': 'default'
+                }, {
+                    'set_tweak': 'highlight',
+                    'value': 'false'
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+    ]
+
+
+def make_base_underride_rules(user):
+    return [
+        {
+            'rule_id': 'global/underride/.m.rule.invite_for_me',
+            'conditions': [
+                {
+                    'kind': 'event_match',
+                    'key': 'type',
+                    'pattern': 'm.room.member',
+                },
+                {
+                    'kind': 'event_match',
+                    'key': 'content.membership',
+                    'pattern': 'invite',
+                },
+                {
+                    'kind': 'event_match',
+                    'key': 'state_key',
+                    'pattern': user.to_string(),
+                },
+            ],
+            'actions': [
+                'notify',
+                {
+                    'set_tweak': 'sound',
+                    'value': 'default'
+                }, {
+                    'set_tweak': 'highlight',
+                    'value': 'false'
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            'rule_id': 'global/underride/.m.rule.member_event',
+            'conditions': [
+                {
+                    'kind': 'event_match',
+                    'key': 'type',
+                    'pattern': 'm.room.member',
+                }
+            ],
+            'actions': [
+                'notify', {
+                    'set_tweak': 'highlight',
+                    'value': 'false'
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            'rule_id': 'global/underride/.m.rule.message',
+            'conditions': [
+                {
+                    'kind': 'event_match',
+                    'key': 'type',
+                    'pattern': 'm.room.message',
+                }
+            ],
+            'actions': [
+                'notify', {
+                    'set_tweak': 'highlight',
+                    'value': 'false'
                 }
             ]
         }
diff --git a/synapse/push/httppusher.py b/synapse/push/httppusher.py
index 202fcb42f4..a02fed57b4 100644
--- a/synapse/push/httppusher.py
+++ b/synapse/push/httppusher.py
@@ -88,6 +88,7 @@ class HttpPusher(Pusher):
         }
         if event['type'] == 'm.room.member':
             d['notification']['membership'] = event['content']['membership']
+            d['notification']['user_is_target'] = event['state_key'] == self.user_name
         if 'content' in event:
             d['notification']['content'] = event['content']
 
@@ -108,7 +109,7 @@ class HttpPusher(Pusher):
         try:
             resp = yield self.httpCli.post_json_get_json(self.url, notification_dict)
         except:
-            logger.exception("Failed to push %s ", self.url)
+            logger.warn("Failed to push %s ", self.url)
             defer.returnValue(False)
         rejected = []
         if 'rejected' in resp:
diff --git a/synapse/rest/appservice/v1/register.py b/synapse/rest/appservice/v1/register.py
index 3bd0c1220c..a4f6159773 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/appservice/v1/register.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/appservice/v1/register.py
@@ -48,18 +48,12 @@ class RegisterRestServlet(AppServiceRestServlet):
                 400, "Missed required keys: as_token(str) / url(str)."
             )
 
-        namespaces = {
-            "users": [],
-            "rooms": [],
-            "aliases": []
-        }
-
-        if "namespaces" in params:
-            self._parse_namespace(namespaces, params["namespaces"], "users")
-            self._parse_namespace(namespaces, params["namespaces"], "rooms")
-            self._parse_namespace(namespaces, params["namespaces"], "aliases")
-
-        app_service = ApplicationService(as_token, as_url, namespaces)
+        try:
+            app_service = ApplicationService(
+                as_token, as_url, params["namespaces"]
+            )
+        except ValueError as e:
+            raise SynapseError(400, e.message)
 
         app_service = yield self.handler.register(app_service)
         hs_token = app_service.hs_token
@@ -68,23 +62,6 @@ class RegisterRestServlet(AppServiceRestServlet):
             "hs_token": hs_token
         }))
 
-    def _parse_namespace(self, target_ns, origin_ns, ns):
-        if ns not in target_ns or ns not in origin_ns:
-            return  # nothing to parse / map through to.
-
-        possible_regex_list = origin_ns[ns]
-        if not type(possible_regex_list) == list:
-            raise SynapseError(400, "Namespace %s isn't an array." % ns)
-
-        for regex in possible_regex_list:
-            if not isinstance(regex, basestring):
-                raise SynapseError(
-                    400, "Regex '%s' isn't a string in namespace %s" %
-                    (regex, ns)
-                )
-
-        target_ns[ns] = origin_ns[ns]
-
 
 class UnregisterRestServlet(AppServiceRestServlet):
     """Handles AS registration with the home server.
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v1/push_rule.py b/synapse/rest/client/v1/push_rule.py
index b012f31084..fef0eb6572 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v1/push_rule.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v1/push_rule.py
@@ -50,6 +50,10 @@ class PushRuleRestServlet(ClientV1RestServlet):
 
         content = _parse_json(request)
 
+        if 'attr' in spec:
+            self.set_rule_attr(user.to_string(), spec, content)
+            defer.returnValue((200, {}))
+
         try:
             (conditions, actions) = _rule_tuple_from_request_object(
                 spec['template'],
@@ -110,7 +114,7 @@ class PushRuleRestServlet(ClientV1RestServlet):
         # we build up the full structure and then decide which bits of it
         # to send which means doing unnecessary work sometimes but is
         # is probably not going to make a whole lot of difference
-        rawrules = yield self.hs.get_datastore().get_push_rules_for_user_name(
+        rawrules = yield self.hs.get_datastore().get_push_rules_for_user(
             user.to_string()
         )
 
@@ -124,6 +128,9 @@ class PushRuleRestServlet(ClientV1RestServlet):
 
         rules['global'] = _add_empty_priority_class_arrays(rules['global'])
 
+        enabled_map = yield self.hs.get_datastore().\
+            get_push_rules_enabled_for_user(user.to_string())
+
         for r in ruleslist:
             rulearray = None
 
@@ -149,6 +156,9 @@ class PushRuleRestServlet(ClientV1RestServlet):
 
             template_rule = _rule_to_template(r)
             if template_rule:
+                template_rule['enabled'] = True
+                if r['rule_id'] in enabled_map:
+                    template_rule['enabled'] = enabled_map[r['rule_id']]
                 rulearray.append(template_rule)
 
         path = request.postpath[1:]
@@ -189,6 +199,25 @@ class PushRuleRestServlet(ClientV1RestServlet):
     def on_OPTIONS(self, _):
         return 200, {}
 
+    def set_rule_attr(self, user_name, spec, val):
+        if spec['attr'] == 'enabled':
+            if not isinstance(val, bool):
+                raise SynapseError(400, "Value for 'enabled' must be boolean")
+            namespaced_rule_id = _namespaced_rule_id_from_spec(spec)
+            self.hs.get_datastore().set_push_rule_enabled(
+                user_name, namespaced_rule_id, val
+            )
+        else:
+            raise UnrecognizedRequestError()
+
+    def get_rule_attr(self, user_name, namespaced_rule_id, attr):
+        if attr == 'enabled':
+            return self.hs.get_datastore().get_push_rule_enabled_by_user_rule_id(
+                user_name, namespaced_rule_id
+            )
+        else:
+            raise UnrecognizedRequestError()
+
 
 def _rule_spec_from_path(path):
     if len(path) < 2:
@@ -214,7 +243,7 @@ def _rule_spec_from_path(path):
     template = path[0]
     path = path[1:]
 
-    if len(path) == 0:
+    if len(path) == 0 or len(path[0]) == 0:
         raise UnrecognizedRequestError()
 
     rule_id = path[0]
@@ -226,6 +255,12 @@ def _rule_spec_from_path(path):
     }
     if device:
         spec['profile_tag'] = device
+
+    path = path[1:]
+
+    if len(path) > 0 and len(path[0]) > 0:
+        spec['attr'] = path[0]
+
     return spec
 
 
@@ -275,7 +310,7 @@ def _rule_tuple_from_request_object(rule_template, rule_id, req_obj, device=None
     for a in actions:
         if a in ['notify', 'dont_notify', 'coalesce']:
             pass
-        elif isinstance(a, dict) and 'set_sound' in a:
+        elif isinstance(a, dict) and 'set_tweak' in a:
             pass
         else:
             raise InvalidRuleException("Unrecognised action")
@@ -319,10 +354,23 @@ def _filter_ruleset_with_path(ruleset, path):
     if path[0] == '':
         return ruleset[template_kind]
     rule_id = path[0]
+
+    the_rule = None
     for r in ruleset[template_kind]:
         if r['rule_id'] == rule_id:
-            return r
-    raise NotFoundError
+            the_rule = r
+    if the_rule is None:
+        raise NotFoundError
+
+    path = path[1:]
+    if len(path) == 0:
+        return the_rule
+
+    attr = path[0]
+    if attr in the_rule:
+        return the_rule[attr]
+    else:
+        raise UnrecognizedRequestError()
 
 
 def _priority_class_from_spec(spec):
@@ -339,7 +387,7 @@ def _priority_class_from_spec(spec):
 def _priority_class_to_template_name(pc):
     if pc > PRIORITY_CLASS_MAP['override']:
         # per-device
-        prio_class_index = pc - len(PushRuleRestServlet.PRIORITY_CLASS_MAP)
+        prio_class_index = pc - len(PRIORITY_CLASS_MAP)
         return PRIORITY_CLASS_INVERSE_MAP[prio_class_index]
     else:
         return PRIORITY_CLASS_INVERSE_MAP[pc]
@@ -399,9 +447,6 @@ class InvalidRuleException(Exception):
 def _parse_json(request):
     try:
         content = json.loads(request.content.read())
-        if type(content) != dict:
-            raise SynapseError(400, "Content must be a JSON object.",
-                               errcode=Codes.NOT_JSON)
         return content
     except ValueError:
         raise SynapseError(400, "Content not JSON.", errcode=Codes.NOT_JSON)
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v1/register.py b/synapse/rest/client/v1/register.py
index 8d2115082b..f5acfb945f 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v1/register.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v1/register.py
@@ -59,6 +59,7 @@ class RegisterRestServlet(ClientV1RestServlet):
         # }
         # TODO: persistent storage
         self.sessions = {}
+        self.disable_registration = hs.config.disable_registration
 
     def on_GET(self, request):
         if self.hs.config.enable_registration_captcha:
@@ -107,6 +108,11 @@ class RegisterRestServlet(ClientV1RestServlet):
 
         try:
             login_type = register_json["type"]
+
+            is_application_server = login_type == LoginType.APPLICATION_SERVICE
+            if self.disable_registration and not is_application_server:
+                raise SynapseError(403, "Registration has been disabled")
+
             stages = {
                 LoginType.RECAPTCHA: self._do_recaptcha,
                 LoginType.PASSWORD: self._do_password,
diff --git a/synapse/server.py b/synapse/server.py
index ba2b2593f1..cb8610a1b4 100644
--- a/synapse/server.py
+++ b/synapse/server.py
@@ -73,6 +73,7 @@ class BaseHomeServer(object):
         'resource_for_client',
         'resource_for_client_v2_alpha',
         'resource_for_federation',
+        'resource_for_static_content',
         'resource_for_web_client',
         'resource_for_content_repo',
         'resource_for_server_key',
diff --git a/synapse/storage/__init__.py b/synapse/storage/__init__.py
index d16e7b8fac..a3ff995695 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/__init__.py
@@ -45,36 +45,19 @@ from syutil.jsonutil import encode_canonical_json
 from synapse.crypto.event_signing import compute_event_reference_hash
 
 
+import fnmatch
+import imp
 import logging
 import os
+import re
 
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
-SCHEMAS = [
-    "transactions",
-    "users",
-    "profiles",
-    "presence",
-    "im",
-    "room_aliases",
-    "keys",
-    "redactions",
-    "state",
-    "event_edges",
-    "event_signatures",
-    "pusher",
-    "media_repository",
-    "application_services",
-    "filtering",
-    "rejections",
-]
-
-
-# Remember to update this number every time an incompatible change is made to
-# database schema files, so the users will be informed on server restarts.
-SCHEMA_VERSION = 13
+# Remember to update this number every time a change is made to database
+# schema files, so the users will be informed on server restarts.
+SCHEMA_VERSION = 14
 
 dir_path = os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(__file__))
 
@@ -576,28 +559,15 @@ class DataStore(RoomMemberStore, RoomStore,
         )
 
 
-def schema_path(schema):
-    """ Get a filesystem path for the named database schema
-
-    Args:
-        schema: Name of the database schema.
-    Returns:
-        A filesystem path pointing at a ".sql" file.
-
-    """
-    schemaPath = os.path.join(dir_path, "schema", schema + ".sql")
-    return schemaPath
-
-
-def read_schema(schema):
+def read_schema(path):
     """ Read the named database schema.
 
     Args:
-        schema: Name of the datbase schema.
+        path: Path of the database schema.
     Returns:
         A string containing the database schema.
     """
-    with open(schema_path(schema)) as schema_file:
+    with open(path) as schema_file:
         return schema_file.read()
 
 
@@ -610,49 +580,275 @@ class UpgradeDatabaseException(PrepareDatabaseException):
 
 
 def prepare_database(db_conn):
-    """ Set up all the dbs. Since all the *.sql have IF NOT EXISTS, so we
-    don't have to worry about overwriting existing content.
+    """Prepares a database for usage. Will either create all necessary tables
+    or upgrade from an older schema version.
+    """
+    try:
+        cur = db_conn.cursor()
+        version_info = _get_or_create_schema_state(cur)
+
+        if version_info:
+            user_version, delta_files, upgraded = version_info
+            _upgrade_existing_database(cur, user_version, delta_files, upgraded)
+        else:
+            _setup_new_database(cur)
+
+        cur.execute("PRAGMA user_version = %d" % (SCHEMA_VERSION,))
+
+        cur.close()
+        db_conn.commit()
+    except:
+        db_conn.rollback()
+        raise
+
+
+def _setup_new_database(cur):
+    """Sets up the database by finding a base set of "full schemas" and then
+    applying any necessary deltas.
+
+    The "full_schemas" directory has subdirectories named after versions. This
+    function searches for the highest version less than or equal to
+    `SCHEMA_VERSION` and executes all .sql files in that directory.
+
+    The function will then apply all deltas for all versions after the base
+    version.
+
+    Example directory structure:
+
+        schema/
+            delta/
+                ...
+            full_schemas/
+                3/
+                    test.sql
+                    ...
+                11/
+                    foo.sql
+                    bar.sql
+                ...
+
+    In the example foo.sql and bar.sql would be run, and then any delta files
+    for versions strictly greater than 11.
     """
-    c = db_conn.cursor()
-    c.execute("PRAGMA user_version")
-    row = c.fetchone()
+    current_dir = os.path.join(dir_path, "schema", "full_schemas")
+    directory_entries = os.listdir(current_dir)
+
+    valid_dirs = []
+    pattern = re.compile(r"^\d+(\.sql)?$")
+    for filename in directory_entries:
+        match = pattern.match(filename)
+        abs_path = os.path.join(current_dir, filename)
+        if match and os.path.isdir(abs_path):
+            ver = int(match.group(0))
+            if ver <= SCHEMA_VERSION:
+                valid_dirs.append((ver, abs_path))
+        else:
+            logger.warn("Unexpected entry in 'full_schemas': %s", filename)
 
-    if row and row[0]:
-        user_version = row[0]
+    if not valid_dirs:
+        raise PrepareDatabaseException(
+            "Could not find a suitable base set of full schemas"
+        )
 
-        if user_version > SCHEMA_VERSION:
-            raise ValueError(
-                "Cannot use this database as it is too " +
-                "new for the server to understand"
-            )
-        elif user_version < SCHEMA_VERSION:
-            logger.info(
-                "Upgrading database from version %d",
-                user_version
+    max_current_ver, sql_dir = max(valid_dirs, key=lambda x: x[0])
+
+    logger.debug("Initialising schema v%d", max_current_ver)
+
+    directory_entries = os.listdir(sql_dir)
+
+    sql_script = "BEGIN TRANSACTION;\n"
+    for filename in fnmatch.filter(directory_entries, "*.sql"):
+        sql_loc = os.path.join(sql_dir, filename)
+        logger.debug("Applying schema %s", sql_loc)
+        sql_script += read_schema(sql_loc)
+        sql_script += "\n"
+    sql_script += "COMMIT TRANSACTION;"
+    cur.executescript(sql_script)
+
+    cur.execute(
+        "INSERT OR REPLACE INTO schema_version (version, upgraded)"
+        " VALUES (?,?)",
+        (max_current_ver, False)
+    )
+
+    _upgrade_existing_database(
+        cur,
+        current_version=max_current_ver,
+        applied_delta_files=[],
+        upgraded=False
+    )
+
+
+def _upgrade_existing_database(cur, current_version, applied_delta_files,
+                               upgraded):
+    """Upgrades an existing database.
+
+    Delta files can either be SQL stored in *.sql files, or python modules
+    in *.py.
+
+    There can be multiple delta files per version. Synapse will keep track of
+    which delta files have been applied, and will apply any that haven't been
+    even if there has been no version bump. This is useful for development
+    where orthogonal schema changes may happen on separate branches.
+
+    Different delta files for the same version *must* be orthogonal and give
+    the same result when applied in any order. No guarantees are made on the
+    order of execution of these scripts.
+
+    This is a no-op of current_version == SCHEMA_VERSION.
+
+    Example directory structure:
+
+        schema/
+            delta/
+                11/
+                    foo.sql
+                    ...
+                12/
+                    foo.sql
+                    bar.py
+                ...
+            full_schemas/
+                ...
+
+    In the example, if current_version is 11, then foo.sql will be run if and
+    only if `upgraded` is True. Then `foo.sql` and `bar.py` would be run in
+    some arbitrary order.
+
+    Args:
+        cur (Cursor)
+        current_version (int): The current version of the schema.
+        applied_delta_files (list): A list of deltas that have already been
+            applied.
+        upgraded (bool): Whether the current version was generated by having
+            applied deltas or from full schema file. If `True` the function
+            will never apply delta files for the given `current_version`, since
+            the current_version wasn't generated by applying those delta files.
+    """
+
+    if current_version > SCHEMA_VERSION:
+        raise ValueError(
+            "Cannot use this database as it is too " +
+            "new for the server to understand"
+        )
+
+    start_ver = current_version
+    if not upgraded:
+        start_ver += 1
+
+    for v in range(start_ver, SCHEMA_VERSION + 1):
+        logger.debug("Upgrading schema to v%d", v)
+
+        delta_dir = os.path.join(dir_path, "schema", "delta", str(v))
+
+        try:
+            directory_entries = os.listdir(delta_dir)
+        except OSError:
+            logger.exception("Could not open delta dir for version %d", v)
+            raise UpgradeDatabaseException(
+                "Could not open delta dir for version %d" % (v,)
             )
 
-            # Run every version since after the current version.
-            for v in range(user_version + 1, SCHEMA_VERSION + 1):
-                if v == 10:
-                    raise UpgradeDatabaseException(
-                        "No delta for version 10"
+        directory_entries.sort()
+        for file_name in directory_entries:
+            relative_path = os.path.join(str(v), file_name)
+            if relative_path in applied_delta_files:
+                continue
+
+            absolute_path = os.path.join(
+                dir_path, "schema", "delta", relative_path,
+            )
+            root_name, ext = os.path.splitext(file_name)
+            if ext == ".py":
+                # This is a python upgrade module. We need to import into some
+                # package and then execute its `run_upgrade` function.
+                module_name = "synapse.storage.v%d_%s" % (
+                    v, root_name
+                )
+                with open(absolute_path) as python_file:
+                    module = imp.load_source(
+                        module_name, absolute_path, python_file
                     )
-                sql_script = read_schema("delta/v%d" % (v))
-                c.executescript(sql_script)
+                logger.debug("Running script %s", relative_path)
+                module.run_upgrade(cur)
+            elif ext == ".sql":
+                # A plain old .sql file, just read and execute it
+                delta_schema = read_schema(absolute_path)
+                logger.debug("Applying schema %s", relative_path)
+                cur.executescript(delta_schema)
+            else:
+                # Not a valid delta file.
+                logger.warn(
+                    "Found directory entry that did not end in .py or"
+                    " .sql: %s",
+                    relative_path,
+                )
+                continue
+
+            # Mark as done.
+            cur.execute(
+                "INSERT INTO applied_schema_deltas (version, file)"
+                " VALUES (?,?)",
+                (v, relative_path)
+            )
+
+            cur.execute(
+                "INSERT OR REPLACE INTO schema_version (version, upgraded)"
+                " VALUES (?,?)",
+                (v, True)
+            )
 
-            db_conn.commit()
-        else:
-            logger.info("Database is at version %r", user_version)
-
-    else:
-        sql_script = "BEGIN TRANSACTION;\n"
-        for sql_loc in SCHEMAS:
-            logger.debug("Applying schema %r", sql_loc)
-            sql_script += read_schema(sql_loc)
-            sql_script += "\n"
-        sql_script += "COMMIT TRANSACTION;"
-        c.executescript(sql_script)
-        db_conn.commit()
-        c.execute("PRAGMA user_version = %d" % SCHEMA_VERSION)
 
-    c.close()
+def _get_or_create_schema_state(txn):
+    schema_path = os.path.join(
+        dir_path, "schema", "schema_version.sql",
+    )
+    create_schema = read_schema(schema_path)
+    txn.executescript(create_schema)
+
+    txn.execute("SELECT version, upgraded FROM schema_version")
+    row = txn.fetchone()
+    current_version = int(row[0]) if row else None
+    upgraded = bool(row[1]) if row else None
+
+    if current_version:
+        txn.execute(
+            "SELECT file FROM applied_schema_deltas WHERE version >= ?",
+            (current_version,)
+        )
+        return current_version, txn.fetchall(), upgraded
+
+    return None
+
+
+def prepare_sqlite3_database(db_conn):
+    """This function should be called before `prepare_database` on sqlite3
+    databases.
+
+    Since we changed the way we store the current schema version and handle
+    updates to schemas, we need a way to upgrade from the old method to the
+    new. This only affects sqlite databases since they were the only ones
+    supported at the time.
+    """
+    with db_conn:
+        schema_path = os.path.join(
+            dir_path, "schema", "schema_version.sql",
+        )
+        create_schema = read_schema(schema_path)
+        db_conn.executescript(create_schema)
+
+        c = db_conn.execute("SELECT * FROM schema_version")
+        rows = c.fetchall()
+        c.close()
+
+        if not rows:
+            c = db_conn.execute("PRAGMA user_version")
+            row = c.fetchone()
+            c.close()
+
+            if row and row[0]:
+                db_conn.execute(
+                    "INSERT OR REPLACE INTO schema_version (version, upgraded)"
+                    " VALUES (?,?)",
+                    (row[0], False)
+                )
diff --git a/synapse/storage/_base.py b/synapse/storage/_base.py
index be9934c66f..3725c9795d 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/_base.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/_base.py
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ from synapse.util.lrucache import LruCache
 
 from twisted.internet import defer
 
-import collections
+from collections import namedtuple, OrderedDict
 import simplejson as json
 import sys
 import time
@@ -35,6 +35,52 @@ sql_logger = logging.getLogger("synapse.storage.SQL")
 transaction_logger = logging.getLogger("synapse.storage.txn")
 
 
+# TODO(paul):
+#  * more generic key management
+#  * export monitoring stats
+#  * consider other eviction strategies - LRU?
+def cached(max_entries=1000):
+    """ A method decorator that applies a memoizing cache around the function.
+
+    The function is presumed to take one additional argument, which is used as
+    the key for the cache. Cache hits are served directly from the cache;
+    misses use the function body to generate the value.
+
+    The wrapped function has an additional member, a callable called
+    "invalidate". This can be used to remove individual entries from the cache.
+
+    The wrapped function has another additional callable, called "prefill",
+    which can be used to insert values into the cache specifically, without
+    calling the calculation function.
+    """
+    def wrap(orig):
+        cache = OrderedDict()
+
+        def prefill(key, value):
+            while len(cache) > max_entries:
+                cache.popitem(last=False)
+
+            cache[key] = value
+
+        @defer.inlineCallbacks
+        def wrapped(self, key):
+            if key in cache:
+                defer.returnValue(cache[key])
+
+            ret = yield orig(self, key)
+            prefill(key, ret)
+            defer.returnValue(ret)
+
+        def invalidate(key):
+            cache.pop(key, None)
+
+        wrapped.invalidate = invalidate
+        wrapped.prefill = prefill
+        return wrapped
+
+    return wrap
+
+
 class LoggingTransaction(object):
     """An object that almost-transparently proxies for the 'txn' object
     passed to the constructor. Adds logging to the .execute() method."""
@@ -404,7 +450,8 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
 
         Args:
             table : string giving the table name
-            keyvalues : dict of column names and values to select the rows with
+            keyvalues : dict of column names and values to select the rows with,
+            or None to not apply a WHERE clause.
             retcols : list of strings giving the names of the columns to return
         """
         return self.runInteraction(
@@ -423,13 +470,20 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
             keyvalues : dict of column names and values to select the rows with
             retcols : list of strings giving the names of the columns to return
         """
-        sql = "SELECT %s FROM %s WHERE %s ORDER BY rowid asc" % (
-            ", ".join(retcols),
-            table,
-            " AND ".join("%s = ?" % (k, ) for k in keyvalues)
-        )
+        if keyvalues:
+            sql = "SELECT %s FROM %s WHERE %s ORDER BY rowid asc" % (
+                ", ".join(retcols),
+                table,
+                " AND ".join("%s = ?" % (k, ) for k in keyvalues)
+            )
+            txn.execute(sql, keyvalues.values())
+        else:
+            sql = "SELECT %s FROM %s ORDER BY rowid asc" % (
+                ", ".join(retcols),
+                table
+            )
+            txn.execute(sql)
 
-        txn.execute(sql, keyvalues.values())
         return self.cursor_to_dict(txn)
 
     def _simple_update_one(self, table, keyvalues, updatevalues,
@@ -586,8 +640,9 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
         start_time = time.time() * 1000
         update_counter = self._get_event_counters.update
 
+        cache = self._get_event_cache.setdefault(event_id, {})
+
         try:
-            cache = self._get_event_cache.setdefault(event_id, {})
             # Separate cache entries for each way to invoke _get_event_txn
             return cache[(check_redacted, get_prev_content, allow_rejected)]
         except KeyError:
@@ -786,7 +841,7 @@ class JoinHelper(object):
         for table in self.tables:
             res += [f for f in table.fields if f not in res]
 
-        self.EntryType = collections.namedtuple("JoinHelperEntry", res)
+        self.EntryType = namedtuple("JoinHelperEntry", res)
 
     def get_fields(self, **prefixes):
         """Get a string representing a list of fields for use in SELECT
diff --git a/synapse/storage/appservice.py b/synapse/storage/appservice.py
index d941b1f387..e30265750a 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/appservice.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/appservice.py
@@ -13,34 +13,32 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 import logging
+import simplejson
+from simplejson import JSONDecodeError
 from twisted.internet import defer
 
+from synapse.api.constants import Membership
 from synapse.api.errors import StoreError
 from synapse.appservice import ApplicationService
+from synapse.storage.roommember import RoomsForUser
 from ._base import SQLBaseStore
 
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
-class ApplicationServiceCache(object):
-    """Caches ApplicationServices and provides utility functions on top.
-
-    This class is designed to be invoked on incoming events in order to avoid
-    hammering the database every time to extract a list of application service
-    regexes.
-    """
-
-    def __init__(self):
-        self.services = []
+def log_failure(failure):
+    logger.error("Failed to detect application services: %s", failure.value)
+    logger.error(failure.getTraceback())
 
 
 class ApplicationServiceStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
     def __init__(self, hs):
         super(ApplicationServiceStore, self).__init__(hs)
-        self.cache = ApplicationServiceCache()
+        self.services_cache = []
         self.cache_defer = self._populate_cache()
+        self.cache_defer.addErrback(log_failure)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def unregister_app_service(self, token):
@@ -56,7 +54,7 @@ class ApplicationServiceStore(SQLBaseStore):
             token,
         )
         # update cache TODO: Should this be in the txn?
-        for service in self.cache.services:
+        for service in self.services_cache:
             if service.token == token:
                 service.url = None
                 service.namespaces = None
@@ -110,13 +108,13 @@ class ApplicationServiceStore(SQLBaseStore):
         )
 
         # update cache TODO: Should this be in the txn?
-        for (index, cache_service) in enumerate(self.cache.services):
+        for (index, cache_service) in enumerate(self.services_cache):
             if service.token == cache_service.token:
-                self.cache.services[index] = service
+                self.services_cache[index] = service
                 logger.info("Updated: %s", service)
                 return
         # new entry
-        self.cache.services.append(service)
+        self.services_cache.append(service)
         logger.info("Updated(new): %s", service)
 
     def _update_app_service_txn(self, txn, service):
@@ -140,11 +138,11 @@ class ApplicationServiceStore(SQLBaseStore):
         )
         for (ns_int, ns_str) in enumerate(ApplicationService.NS_LIST):
             if ns_str in service.namespaces:
-                for regex in service.namespaces[ns_str]:
+                for regex_obj in service.namespaces[ns_str]:
                     txn.execute(
                         "INSERT INTO application_services_regex("
                         "as_id, namespace, regex) values(?,?,?)",
-                        (as_id, ns_int, regex)
+                        (as_id, ns_int, simplejson.dumps(regex_obj))
                     )
         return True
 
@@ -160,11 +158,34 @@ class ApplicationServiceStore(SQLBaseStore):
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_app_services(self):
         yield self.cache_defer  # make sure the cache is ready
-        defer.returnValue(self.cache.services)
+        defer.returnValue(self.services_cache)
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def get_app_service_by_user_id(self, user_id):
+        """Retrieve an application service from their user ID.
+
+        All application services have associated with them a particular user ID.
+        There is no distinguishing feature on the user ID which indicates it
+        represents an application service. This function allows you to map from
+        a user ID to an application service.
+
+        Args:
+            user_id(str): The user ID to see if it is an application service.
+        Returns:
+            synapse.appservice.ApplicationService or None.
+        """
+
+        yield self.cache_defer  # make sure the cache is ready
+
+        for service in self.services_cache:
+            if service.sender == user_id:
+                defer.returnValue(service)
+                return
+        defer.returnValue(None)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_app_service_by_token(self, token, from_cache=True):
-        """Get the application service with the given token.
+        """Get the application service with the given appservice token.
 
         Args:
             token (str): The application service token.
@@ -176,7 +197,7 @@ class ApplicationServiceStore(SQLBaseStore):
         yield self.cache_defer  # make sure the cache is ready
 
         if from_cache:
-            for service in self.cache.services:
+            for service in self.services_cache:
                 if service.token == token:
                     defer.returnValue(service)
                     return
@@ -185,6 +206,77 @@ class ApplicationServiceStore(SQLBaseStore):
         # TODO: The from_cache=False impl
         # TODO: This should be JOINed with the application_services_regex table.
 
+    def get_app_service_rooms(self, service):
+        """Get a list of RoomsForUser for this application service.
+
+        Application services may be "interested" in lots of rooms depending on
+        the room ID, the room aliases, or the members in the room. This function
+        takes all of these into account and returns a list of RoomsForUser which
+        represent the entire list of room IDs that this application service
+        wants to know about.
+
+        Args:
+            service: The application service to get a room list for.
+        Returns:
+            A list of RoomsForUser.
+        """
+        return self.runInteraction(
+            "get_app_service_rooms",
+            self._get_app_service_rooms_txn,
+            service,
+        )
+
+    def _get_app_service_rooms_txn(self, txn, service):
+        # get all rooms matching the room ID regex.
+        room_entries = self._simple_select_list_txn(
+            txn=txn, table="rooms", keyvalues=None, retcols=["room_id"]
+        )
+        matching_room_list = set([
+            r["room_id"] for r in room_entries if
+            service.is_interested_in_room(r["room_id"])
+        ])
+
+        # resolve room IDs for matching room alias regex.
+        room_alias_mappings = self._simple_select_list_txn(
+            txn=txn, table="room_aliases", keyvalues=None,
+            retcols=["room_id", "room_alias"]
+        )
+        matching_room_list |= set([
+            r["room_id"] for r in room_alias_mappings if
+            service.is_interested_in_alias(r["room_alias"])
+        ])
+
+        # get all rooms for every user for this AS. This is scoped to users on
+        # this HS only.
+        user_list = self._simple_select_list_txn(
+            txn=txn, table="users", keyvalues=None, retcols=["name"]
+        )
+        user_list = [
+            u["name"] for u in user_list if
+            service.is_interested_in_user(u["name"])
+        ]
+        rooms_for_user_matching_user_id = set()  # RoomsForUser list
+        for user_id in user_list:
+            # FIXME: This assumes this store is linked with RoomMemberStore :(
+            rooms_for_user = self._get_rooms_for_user_where_membership_is_txn(
+                txn=txn,
+                user_id=user_id,
+                membership_list=[Membership.JOIN]
+            )
+            rooms_for_user_matching_user_id |= set(rooms_for_user)
+
+        # make RoomsForUser tuples for room ids and aliases which are not in the
+        # main rooms_for_user_list - e.g. they are rooms which do not have AS
+        # registered users in it.
+        known_room_ids = [r.room_id for r in rooms_for_user_matching_user_id]
+        missing_rooms_for_user = [
+            RoomsForUser(r, service.sender, "join") for r in
+            matching_room_list if r not in known_room_ids
+        ]
+        rooms_for_user_matching_user_id |= set(missing_rooms_for_user)
+
+        return rooms_for_user_matching_user_id
+
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _populate_cache(self):
         """Populates the ApplicationServiceCache from the database."""
@@ -227,15 +319,17 @@ class ApplicationServiceStore(SQLBaseStore):
             try:
                 services[as_token]["namespaces"][
                     ApplicationService.NS_LIST[ns_int]].append(
-                    res["regex"]
+                    simplejson.loads(res["regex"])
                 )
             except IndexError:
                 logger.error("Bad namespace enum '%s'. %s", ns_int, res)
+            except JSONDecodeError:
+                logger.error("Bad regex object '%s'", res["regex"])
 
         # TODO get last successful txn id f.e. service
         for service in services.values():
             logger.info("Found application service: %s", service)
-            self.cache.services.append(ApplicationService(
+            self.services_cache.append(ApplicationService(
                 token=service["token"],
                 url=service["url"],
                 namespaces=service["namespaces"],
diff --git a/synapse/storage/event_federation.py b/synapse/storage/event_federation.py
index 3fbc090224..2deda8ac50 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/event_federation.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/event_federation.py
@@ -64,6 +64,9 @@ class EventFederationStore(SQLBaseStore):
             for f in front:
                 txn.execute(base_sql, (f,))
                 new_front.update([r[0] for r in txn.fetchall()])
+
+            new_front -= results
+
             front = new_front
             results.update(front)
 
@@ -378,3 +381,51 @@ class EventFederationStore(SQLBaseStore):
             event_results += new_front
 
         return self._get_events_txn(txn, event_results)
+
+    def get_missing_events(self, room_id, earliest_events, latest_events,
+                           limit, min_depth):
+        return self.runInteraction(
+            "get_missing_events",
+            self._get_missing_events,
+            room_id, earliest_events, latest_events, limit, min_depth
+        )
+
+    def _get_missing_events(self, txn, room_id, earliest_events, latest_events,
+                            limit, min_depth):
+
+        earliest_events = set(earliest_events)
+        front = set(latest_events) - earliest_events
+
+        event_results = set()
+
+        query = (
+            "SELECT prev_event_id FROM event_edges "
+            "WHERE room_id = ? AND event_id = ? AND is_state = 0 "
+            "LIMIT ?"
+        )
+
+        while front and len(event_results) < limit:
+            new_front = set()
+            for event_id in front:
+                txn.execute(
+                    query,
+                    (room_id, event_id, limit - len(event_results))
+                )
+
+                for e_id, in txn.fetchall():
+                    new_front.add(e_id)
+
+            new_front -= earliest_events
+            new_front -= event_results
+
+            front = new_front
+            event_results |= new_front
+
+        events = self._get_events_txn(txn, event_results)
+
+        events = sorted(
+            [ev for ev in events if ev.depth >= min_depth],
+            key=lambda e: e.depth,
+        )
+
+        return events[:limit]
diff --git a/synapse/storage/push_rule.py b/synapse/storage/push_rule.py
index ae46b39cc1..bbf322cc84 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/push_rule.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/push_rule.py
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 class PushRuleStore(SQLBaseStore):
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def get_push_rules_for_user_name(self, user_name):
+    def get_push_rules_for_user(self, user_name):
         sql = (
             "SELECT "+",".join(PushRuleTable.fields)+" "
             "FROM "+PushRuleTable.table_name+" "
@@ -46,6 +46,28 @@ class PushRuleStore(SQLBaseStore):
         defer.returnValue(dicts)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def get_push_rules_enabled_for_user(self, user_name):
+        results = yield self._simple_select_list(
+            PushRuleEnableTable.table_name,
+            {'user_name': user_name},
+            PushRuleEnableTable.fields
+        )
+        defer.returnValue(
+            {r['rule_id']: False if r['enabled'] == 0 else True for r in results}
+        )
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def get_push_rule_enabled_by_user_rule_id(self, user_name, rule_id):
+        results = yield self._simple_select_list(
+            PushRuleEnableTable.table_name,
+            {'user_name': user_name, 'rule_id': rule_id},
+            ['enabled']
+        )
+        if not results:
+            defer.returnValue(True)
+        defer.returnValue(results[0])
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def add_push_rule(self, before, after, **kwargs):
         vals = copy.copy(kwargs)
         if 'conditions' in vals:
@@ -193,6 +215,20 @@ class PushRuleStore(SQLBaseStore):
             {'user_name': user_name, 'rule_id': rule_id}
         )
 
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def set_push_rule_enabled(self, user_name, rule_id, enabled):
+        if enabled:
+            yield self._simple_delete_one(
+                PushRuleEnableTable.table_name,
+                {'user_name': user_name, 'rule_id': rule_id}
+            )
+        else:
+            yield self._simple_upsert(
+                PushRuleEnableTable.table_name,
+                {'user_name': user_name, 'rule_id': rule_id},
+                {'enabled': False}
+            )
+
 
 class RuleNotFoundException(Exception):
     pass
@@ -216,3 +252,13 @@ class PushRuleTable(Table):
     ]
 
     EntryType = collections.namedtuple("PushRuleEntry", fields)
+
+
+class PushRuleEnableTable(Table):
+    table_name = "push_rules_enable"
+
+    fields = [
+        "user_name",
+        "rule_id",
+        "enabled"
+    ]
diff --git a/synapse/storage/roommember.py b/synapse/storage/roommember.py
index 9bf608bc90..65ffb4627f 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/roommember.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/roommember.py
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ from twisted.internet import defer
 
 from collections import namedtuple
 
-from ._base import SQLBaseStore
+from ._base import SQLBaseStore, cached
 
 from synapse.api.constants import Membership
 from synapse.types import UserID
@@ -35,11 +35,6 @@ RoomsForUser = namedtuple(
 
 class RoomMemberStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
-    def __init__(self, *args, **kw):
-        super(RoomMemberStore, self).__init__(*args, **kw)
-
-        self._user_rooms_cache = {}
-
     def _store_room_member_txn(self, txn, event):
         """Store a room member in the database.
         """
@@ -103,7 +98,7 @@ class RoomMemberStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
                 txn.execute(sql, (event.room_id, domain))
 
-        self.invalidate_rooms_for_user(target_user_id)
+        self.get_rooms_for_user.invalidate(target_user_id)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_room_member(self, user_id, room_id):
@@ -185,6 +180,14 @@ class RoomMemberStore(SQLBaseStore):
         if not membership_list:
             return defer.succeed(None)
 
+        return self.runInteraction(
+            "get_rooms_for_user_where_membership_is",
+            self._get_rooms_for_user_where_membership_is_txn,
+            user_id, membership_list
+        )
+
+    def _get_rooms_for_user_where_membership_is_txn(self, txn, user_id,
+                                                    membership_list):
         where_clause = "user_id = ? AND (%s)" % (
             " OR ".join(["membership = ?" for _ in membership_list]),
         )
@@ -192,24 +195,18 @@ class RoomMemberStore(SQLBaseStore):
         args = [user_id]
         args.extend(membership_list)
 
-        def f(txn):
-            sql = (
-                "SELECT m.room_id, m.sender, m.membership"
-                " FROM room_memberships as m"
-                " INNER JOIN current_state_events as c"
-                " ON m.event_id = c.event_id"
-                " WHERE %s"
-            ) % (where_clause,)
-
-            txn.execute(sql, args)
-            return [
-                RoomsForUser(**r) for r in self.cursor_to_dict(txn)
-            ]
+        sql = (
+            "SELECT m.room_id, m.sender, m.membership"
+            " FROM room_memberships as m"
+            " INNER JOIN current_state_events as c"
+            " ON m.event_id = c.event_id"
+            " WHERE %s"
+        ) % (where_clause,)
 
-        return self.runInteraction(
-            "get_rooms_for_user_where_membership_is",
-            f
-        )
+        txn.execute(sql, args)
+        return [
+            RoomsForUser(**r) for r in self.cursor_to_dict(txn)
+        ]
 
     def get_joined_hosts_for_room(self, room_id):
         return self._simple_select_onecol(
@@ -247,33 +244,12 @@ class RoomMemberStore(SQLBaseStore):
         results = self._parse_events_txn(txn, rows)
         return results
 
-    # TODO(paul): Create a nice @cached decorator to do this
-    #    @cached
-    #    def get_foo(...)
-    #        ...
-    #    invalidate_foo = get_foo.invalidator
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    @cached()
     def get_rooms_for_user(self, user_id):
-        # TODO(paul): put some performance counters in here so we can easily
-        #   track what impact this cache is having
-        if user_id in self._user_rooms_cache:
-            defer.returnValue(self._user_rooms_cache[user_id])
-
-        rooms = yield self.get_rooms_for_user_where_membership_is(
+        return self.get_rooms_for_user_where_membership_is(
             user_id, membership_list=[Membership.JOIN],
         )
 
-        # TODO(paul): Consider applying a maximum size; just evict things at
-        #   random, or consider LRU?
-
-        self._user_rooms_cache[user_id] = rooms
-        defer.returnValue(rooms)
-
-    def invalidate_rooms_for_user(self, user_id):
-        if user_id in self._user_rooms_cache:
-            del self._user_rooms_cache[user_id]
-
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def user_rooms_intersect(self, user_id_list):
         """ Checks whether all the users whose IDs are given in a list share a
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/application_services.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/application_services.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index e491ad5aec..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/application_services.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,34 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2015 OpenMarket Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS application_services(
-    id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
-    url TEXT,
-    token TEXT,
-    hs_token TEXT,
-    sender TEXT,
-    UNIQUE(token) ON CONFLICT ROLLBACK
-);
-
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS application_services_regex(
-    id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
-    as_id INTEGER NOT NULL,
-    namespace INTEGER,  /* enum[room_id|room_alias|user_id] */
-    regex TEXT,
-    FOREIGN KEY(as_id) REFERENCES application_services(id)
-);
-
-
-
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/v11.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/11/v11.sql
index 313592221b..313592221b 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/v11.sql
+++ b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/11/v11.sql
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/v12.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/12/v12.sql
index b87ef1fe79..b87ef1fe79 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/v12.sql
+++ b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/12/v12.sql
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/v13.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/13/v13.sql
index e491ad5aec..e491ad5aec 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/v13.sql
+++ b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/13/v13.sql
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/14/upgrade_appservice_db.py b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/14/upgrade_appservice_db.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..847b1c5b89
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/14/upgrade_appservice_db.py
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+import json
+import logging
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+def run_upgrade(cur):
+    cur.execute("SELECT id, regex FROM application_services_regex")
+    for row in cur.fetchall():
+        try:
+            logger.debug("Checking %s..." % row[0])
+            json.loads(row[1])
+        except ValueError:
+            # row isn't in json, make it so.
+            string_regex = row[1]
+            new_regex = json.dumps({
+                "regex": string_regex,
+                "exclusive": True
+            })
+            cur.execute(
+                "UPDATE application_services_regex SET regex=? WHERE id=?",
+                (new_regex, row[0])
+            )
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/14/v14.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/14/v14.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0212726448
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/14/v14.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS push_rules_enable (
+  id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
+  user_name TEXT NOT NULL,
+  rule_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+  enabled TINYINT,
+  UNIQUE(user_name, rule_id)
+);
+
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS push_rules_enable_user_name on push_rules_enable (user_name);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/v2.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/v2.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index f740f6dd5d..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/v2.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,168 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2014, 2015 OpenMarket Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS events(
-    stream_ordering INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
-    topological_ordering INTEGER NOT NULL,
-    event_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    type TEXT NOT NULL,
-    room_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    content TEXT NOT NULL,
-    unrecognized_keys TEXT,
-    processed BOOL NOT NULL,
-    outlier BOOL NOT NULL,
-    CONSTRAINT ev_uniq UNIQUE (event_id)
-);
-
-CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS events_event_id ON events (event_id);
-CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS events_stream_ordering ON events (stream_ordering);
-CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS events_topological_ordering ON events (topological_ordering);
-CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS events_room_id ON events (room_id);
-
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS state_events(
-    event_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    room_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    type TEXT NOT NULL,
-    state_key TEXT NOT NULL,
-    prev_state TEXT
-);
-
-CREATE UNIQUE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS state_events_event_id ON state_events (event_id);
-CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS state_events_room_id ON state_events (room_id);
-CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS state_events_type ON state_events (type);
-CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS state_events_state_key ON state_events (state_key);
-
-
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS current_state_events(
-    event_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    room_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    type TEXT NOT NULL,
-    state_key TEXT NOT NULL,
-    CONSTRAINT curr_uniq UNIQUE (room_id, type, state_key) ON CONFLICT REPLACE
-);
-
-CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS curr_events_event_id ON current_state_events (event_id);
-CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS current_state_events_room_id ON current_state_events (room_id);
-CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS current_state_events_type ON current_state_events (type);
-CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS current_state_events_state_key ON current_state_events (state_key);
-
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS room_memberships(
-    event_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    sender TEXT NOT NULL,
-    room_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    membership TEXT NOT NULL
-);
-
-CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS room_memberships_event_id ON room_memberships (event_id);
-CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS room_memberships_room_id ON room_memberships (room_id);
-CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS room_memberships_user_id ON room_memberships (user_id);
-
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS feedback(
-    event_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    feedback_type TEXT,
-    target_event_id TEXT,
-    sender TEXT,
-    room_id TEXT
-);
-
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS topics(
-    event_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    room_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    topic TEXT NOT NULL
-);
-
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS room_names(
-    event_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    room_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    name TEXT NOT NULL
-);
-
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS rooms(
-    room_id TEXT PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL,
-    is_public INTEGER,
-    creator TEXT
-);
-
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS room_join_rules(
-    event_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    room_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    join_rule TEXT NOT NULL
-);
-CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS room_join_rules_event_id ON room_join_rules(event_id);
-CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS room_join_rules_room_id ON room_join_rules(room_id);
-
-
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS room_power_levels(
-    event_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    room_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    level INTEGER NOT NULL
-);
-CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS room_power_levels_event_id ON room_power_levels(event_id);
-CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS room_power_levels_room_id ON room_power_levels(room_id);
-CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS room_power_levels_room_user ON room_power_levels(room_id, user_id);
-
-
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS room_default_levels(
-    event_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    room_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    level INTEGER NOT NULL
-);
-
-CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS room_default_levels_event_id ON room_default_levels(event_id);
-CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS room_default_levels_room_id ON room_default_levels(room_id);
-
-
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS room_add_state_levels(
-    event_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    room_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    level INTEGER NOT NULL
-);
-
-CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS room_add_state_levels_event_id ON room_add_state_levels(event_id);
-CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS room_add_state_levels_room_id ON room_add_state_levels(room_id);
-
-
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS room_send_event_levels(
-    event_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    room_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    level INTEGER NOT NULL
-);
-
-CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS room_send_event_levels_event_id ON room_send_event_levels(event_id);
-CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS room_send_event_levels_room_id ON room_send_event_levels(room_id);
-
-
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS room_ops_levels(
-    event_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    room_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    ban_level INTEGER,
-    kick_level INTEGER
-);
-
-CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS room_ops_levels_event_id ON room_ops_levels(event_id);
-CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS room_ops_levels_room_id ON room_ops_levels(room_id);
-
-
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS room_hosts(
-    room_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    host TEXT NOT NULL,
-    CONSTRAINT room_hosts_uniq UNIQUE (room_id, host) ON CONFLICT IGNORE
-);
-
-CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS room_hosts_room_id ON room_hosts (room_id);
-
-PRAGMA user_version = 2;
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/v3.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/v3.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index c67e38ff52..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/v3.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,27 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2014, 2015 OpenMarket Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-
-CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS room_aliases_alias ON room_aliases(room_alias);
-CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS room_aliases_id ON room_aliases(room_id);
-
-
-CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS room_alias_servers_alias ON room_alias_servers(room_alias);
-
-DELETE FROM room_aliases WHERE rowid NOT IN (SELECT max(rowid) FROM room_aliases GROUP BY room_alias, room_id);
-
-CREATE UNIQUE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS room_aliases_uniq ON room_aliases(room_alias, room_id);
-
-PRAGMA user_version = 3;
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/v4.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/v4.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index d3807b7686..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/v4.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2014, 2015 OpenMarket Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS redactions (
-    event_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    redacts TEXT NOT NULL,
-    CONSTRAINT ev_uniq UNIQUE (event_id)
-);
-
-CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS redactions_event_id ON redactions (event_id);
-CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS redactions_redacts ON redactions (redacts);
-
-ALTER TABLE room_ops_levels ADD COLUMN redact_level INTEGER;
-
-PRAGMA user_version = 4;
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/v5.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/v5.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index 0874a15431..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/v5.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2014, 2015 OpenMarket Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS user_ips (
-    user TEXT NOT NULL,
-    access_token TEXT NOT NULL,
-    device_id TEXT,
-    ip TEXT NOT NULL,
-    user_agent TEXT NOT NULL,
-    last_seen INTEGER NOT NULL,
-    CONSTRAINT user_ip UNIQUE (user, access_token, ip, user_agent) ON CONFLICT REPLACE
-);
-
-CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS user_ips_user ON user_ips(user);
-
-ALTER TABLE users ADD COLUMN admin BOOL DEFAULT 0 NOT NULL;
-
-PRAGMA user_version = 5;
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/v6.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/v6.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index a9e0a4fe0d..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/v6.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2014, 2015 OpenMarket Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS server_tls_certificates(
-  server_name TEXT, -- Server name.
-  fingerprint TEXT, -- Certificate fingerprint.
-  from_server TEXT, -- Which key server the certificate was fetched from.
-  ts_added_ms INTEGER, -- When the certifcate was added.
-  tls_certificate BLOB, -- DER encoded x509 certificate.
-  CONSTRAINT uniqueness UNIQUE (server_name, fingerprint)
-);
-
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS server_signature_keys(
-  server_name TEXT, -- Server name.
-  key_id TEXT, -- Key version.
-  from_server TEXT, -- Which key server the key was fetched form.
-  ts_added_ms INTEGER, -- When the key was added.
-  verify_key BLOB, -- NACL verification key.
-  CONSTRAINT uniqueness UNIQUE (server_name, key_id)
-);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/v8.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/v8.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index 1e9f8b18cb..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/v8.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,34 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2014, 2015 OpenMarket Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
- CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS event_signatures_2 (
-    event_id TEXT,
-    signature_name TEXT,
-    key_id TEXT,
-    signature BLOB,
-    CONSTRAINT uniqueness UNIQUE (event_id, signature_name, key_id)
-);
-
-INSERT INTO event_signatures_2 (event_id, signature_name, key_id, signature)
-SELECT event_id, signature_name, key_id, signature FROM event_signatures;
-
-DROP TABLE event_signatures;
-ALTER TABLE event_signatures_2 RENAME TO event_signatures;
-
-CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS event_signatures_id ON event_signatures (
-    event_id
-);
-
-PRAGMA user_version = 8;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/v9.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/v9.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index 455d51a70c..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/v9.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,79 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2014, 2015 OpenMarket Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
--- To track destination health
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS destinations(
-    destination TEXT PRIMARY KEY,
-    retry_last_ts INTEGER,
-    retry_interval INTEGER
-);
-
-
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS local_media_repository (
-    media_id TEXT, -- The id used to refer to the media.
-    media_type TEXT, -- The MIME-type of the media.
-    media_length INTEGER, -- Length of the media in bytes.
-    created_ts INTEGER, -- When the content was uploaded in ms.
-    upload_name TEXT, -- The name the media was uploaded with.
-    user_id TEXT, -- The user who uploaded the file.
-    CONSTRAINT uniqueness UNIQUE (media_id)
-);
-
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS local_media_repository_thumbnails (
-    media_id TEXT, -- The id used to refer to the media.
-    thumbnail_width INTEGER, -- The width of the thumbnail in pixels.
-    thumbnail_height INTEGER, -- The height of the thumbnail in pixels.
-    thumbnail_type TEXT, -- The MIME-type of the thumbnail.
-    thumbnail_method TEXT, -- The method used to make the thumbnail.
-    thumbnail_length INTEGER, -- The length of the thumbnail in bytes.
-    CONSTRAINT uniqueness UNIQUE (
-        media_id, thumbnail_width, thumbnail_height, thumbnail_type
-    )
-);
-
-CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS local_media_repository_thumbnails_media_id
-    ON local_media_repository_thumbnails (media_id);
-
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS remote_media_cache (
-    media_origin TEXT, -- The remote HS the media came from.
-    media_id TEXT, -- The id used to refer to the media on that server.
-    media_type TEXT, -- The MIME-type of the media.
-    created_ts INTEGER, -- When the content was uploaded in ms.
-    upload_name TEXT, -- The name the media was uploaded with.
-    media_length INTEGER, -- Length of the media in bytes.
-    filesystem_id TEXT, -- The name used to store the media on disk.
-    CONSTRAINT uniqueness UNIQUE (media_origin, media_id)
-);
-
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS remote_media_cache_thumbnails (
-    media_origin TEXT, -- The remote HS the media came from.
-    media_id TEXT, -- The id used to refer to the media.
-    thumbnail_width INTEGER, -- The width of the thumbnail in pixels.
-    thumbnail_height INTEGER, -- The height of the thumbnail in pixels.
-    thumbnail_method TEXT, -- The method used to make the thumbnail
-    thumbnail_type TEXT, -- The MIME-type of the thumbnail.
-    thumbnail_length INTEGER, -- The length of the thumbnail in bytes.
-    filesystem_id TEXT, -- The name used to store the media on disk.
-    CONSTRAINT uniqueness UNIQUE (
-        media_origin, media_id, thumbnail_width, thumbnail_height,
-        thumbnail_type, thumbnail_type
-    )
-);
-
-CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS remote_media_cache_thumbnails_media_id
-    ON local_media_repository_thumbnails (media_id);
-
-
-PRAGMA user_version = 9;
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/filtering.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/filtering.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index beb39ca201..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/filtering.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,24 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2015 OpenMarket Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS user_filters(
-  user_id TEXT,
-  filter_id INTEGER,
-  filter_json TEXT,
-  FOREIGN KEY(user_id) REFERENCES users(id)
-);
-
-CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS user_filters_by_user_id_filter_id ON user_filters(
-  user_id, filter_id
-);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/event_edges.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/11/event_edges.sql
index 1e766d6db2..1e766d6db2 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/event_edges.sql
+++ b/synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/11/event_edges.sql
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/event_signatures.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/11/event_signatures.sql
index c28c39c48a..c28c39c48a 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/event_signatures.sql
+++ b/synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/11/event_signatures.sql
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/im.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/11/im.sql
index dd00c1cd2f..dd00c1cd2f 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/im.sql
+++ b/synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/11/im.sql
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/keys.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/11/keys.sql
index a9e0a4fe0d..a9e0a4fe0d 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/keys.sql
+++ b/synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/11/keys.sql
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/media_repository.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/11/media_repository.sql
index afdf48cbfb..afdf48cbfb 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/media_repository.sql
+++ b/synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/11/media_repository.sql
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/presence.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/11/presence.sql
index f9f8db9697..f9f8db9697 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/presence.sql
+++ b/synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/11/presence.sql
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/profiles.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/11/profiles.sql
index f06a528b4d..f06a528b4d 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/profiles.sql
+++ b/synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/11/profiles.sql
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/redactions.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/11/redactions.sql
index 5011d95db8..5011d95db8 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/redactions.sql
+++ b/synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/11/redactions.sql
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/room_aliases.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/11/room_aliases.sql
index 0d2df01603..0d2df01603 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/room_aliases.sql
+++ b/synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/11/room_aliases.sql
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/state.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/11/state.sql
index 1fe8f1e430..1fe8f1e430 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/state.sql
+++ b/synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/11/state.sql
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/transactions.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/11/transactions.sql
index 2d30f99b06..2d30f99b06 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/transactions.sql
+++ b/synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/11/transactions.sql
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/users.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/11/users.sql
index 08ccfdac0a..08ccfdac0a 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/users.sql
+++ b/synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/11/users.sql
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/pusher.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/pusher.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index 3735b11547..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/pusher.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,46 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2014 OpenMarket Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
--- Push notification endpoints that users have configured
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS pushers (
-  id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
-  user_name TEXT NOT NULL,
-  profile_tag varchar(32) NOT NULL,
-  kind varchar(8) NOT NULL,
-  app_id varchar(64) NOT NULL,
-  app_display_name varchar(64) NOT NULL,
-  device_display_name varchar(128) NOT NULL,
-  pushkey blob NOT NULL,
-  ts BIGINT NOT NULL,
-  lang varchar(8),
-  data blob,
-  last_token TEXT,
-  last_success BIGINT,
-  failing_since BIGINT,
-  FOREIGN KEY(user_name) REFERENCES users(name),
-  UNIQUE (app_id, pushkey)
-);
-
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS push_rules (
-  id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
-  user_name TEXT NOT NULL,
-  rule_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-  priority_class TINYINT NOT NULL,
-  priority INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
-  conditions TEXT NOT NULL,
-  actions TEXT NOT NULL,
-  UNIQUE(user_name, rule_id)
-);
-
-CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS push_rules_user_name on push_rules (user_name);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/rejections.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/rejections.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index bd2a8b1bb5..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/rejections.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2015 OpenMarket Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS rejections(
-    event_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    reason TEXT NOT NULL,
-    last_check TEXT NOT NULL,
-    CONSTRAINT ev_id UNIQUE (event_id) ON CONFLICT REPLACE
-);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/schema_version.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/schema_version.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0431e2d051
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/schema/schema_version.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+/* Copyright 2015 OpenMarket Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS schema_version(
+    Lock char(1) NOT NULL DEFAULT 'X',  -- Makes sure this table only has one row.
+    version INTEGER NOT NULL,
+    upgraded BOOL NOT NULL,  -- Whether we reached this version from an upgrade or an initial schema.
+    CONSTRAINT schema_version_lock_x CHECK (Lock='X')
+    CONSTRAINT schema_version_lock_uniq UNIQUE (Lock)
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS applied_schema_deltas(
+    version INTEGER NOT NULL,
+    file TEXT NOT NULL,
+    CONSTRAINT schema_deltas_ver_file UNIQUE (version, file) ON CONFLICT IGNORE
+);
+
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS schema_deltas_ver ON applied_schema_deltas(version);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/stream.py b/synapse/storage/stream.py
index 3ccb6f8a61..09bc522210 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/stream.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/stream.py
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ what sort order was used:
 from twisted.internet import defer
 
 from ._base import SQLBaseStore
+from synapse.api.constants import EventTypes
 from synapse.api.errors import SynapseError
 from synapse.util.logutils import log_function
 
@@ -127,6 +128,85 @@ class _StreamToken(namedtuple("_StreamToken", "topological stream")):
 
 
 class StreamStore(SQLBaseStore):
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def get_appservice_room_stream(self, service, from_key, to_key, limit=0):
+        # NB this lives here instead of appservice.py so we can reuse the
+        # 'private' StreamToken class in this file.
+        if limit:
+            limit = max(limit, MAX_STREAM_SIZE)
+        else:
+            limit = MAX_STREAM_SIZE
+
+        # From and to keys should be integers from ordering.
+        from_id = _StreamToken.parse_stream_token(from_key)
+        to_id = _StreamToken.parse_stream_token(to_key)
+
+        if from_key == to_key:
+            defer.returnValue(([], to_key))
+            return
+
+        # select all the events between from/to with a sensible limit
+        sql = (
+            "SELECT e.event_id, e.room_id, e.type, s.state_key, "
+            "e.stream_ordering FROM events AS e LEFT JOIN state_events as s ON "
+            "e.event_id = s.event_id "
+            "WHERE e.stream_ordering > ? AND e.stream_ordering <= ? "
+            "ORDER BY stream_ordering ASC LIMIT %(limit)d "
+        ) % {
+            "limit": limit
+        }
+
+        def f(txn):
+            # pull out all the events between the tokens
+            txn.execute(sql, (from_id.stream, to_id.stream,))
+            rows = self.cursor_to_dict(txn)
+
+            # Logic:
+            #  - We want ALL events which match the AS room_id regex
+            #  - We want ALL events which match the rooms represented by the AS
+            #    room_alias regex
+            #  - We want ALL events for rooms that AS users have joined.
+            # This is currently supported via get_app_service_rooms (which is
+            # used for the Notifier listener rooms). We can't reasonably make a
+            # SQL query for these room IDs, so we'll pull all the events between
+            # from/to and filter in python.
+            rooms_for_as = self._get_app_service_rooms_txn(txn, service)
+            room_ids_for_as = [r.room_id for r in rooms_for_as]
+
+            def app_service_interested(row):
+                if row["room_id"] in room_ids_for_as:
+                    return True
+
+                if row["type"] == EventTypes.Member:
+                    if service.is_interested_in_user(row.get("state_key")):
+                        return True
+                return False
+
+            ret = self._get_events_txn(
+                txn,
+                # apply the filter on the room id list
+                [
+                    r["event_id"] for r in rows
+                    if app_service_interested(r)
+                ],
+                get_prev_content=True
+            )
+
+            self._set_before_and_after(ret, rows)
+
+            if rows:
+                key = "s%d" % max(r["stream_ordering"] for r in rows)
+            else:
+                # Assume we didn't get anything because there was nothing to
+                # get.
+                key = to_key
+
+            return ret, key
+
+        results = yield self.runInteraction("get_appservice_room_stream", f)
+        defer.returnValue(results)
+
     @log_function
     def get_room_events_stream(self, user_id, from_key, to_key, room_id,
                                limit=0, with_feedback=False):
@@ -184,8 +264,7 @@ class StreamStore(SQLBaseStore):
             self._set_before_and_after(ret, rows)
 
             if rows:
-                key = "s%d" % max([r["stream_ordering"] for r in rows])
-
+                key = "s%d" % max(r["stream_ordering"] for r in rows)
             else:
                 # Assume we didn't get anything because there was nothing to
                 # get.
diff --git a/synapse/storage/transactions.py b/synapse/storage/transactions.py
index e06ef35690..0b8a3b7a07 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/transactions.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/transactions.py
@@ -13,12 +13,10 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
-from ._base import SQLBaseStore, Table
+from ._base import SQLBaseStore, Table, cached
 
 from collections import namedtuple
 
-from twisted.internet import defer
-
 import logging
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
@@ -28,10 +26,6 @@ class TransactionStore(SQLBaseStore):
     """A collection of queries for handling PDUs.
     """
 
-    # a write-through cache of DestinationsTable.EntryType indexed by
-    # destination string
-    destination_retry_cache = {}
-
     def get_received_txn_response(self, transaction_id, origin):
         """For an incoming transaction from a given origin, check if we have
         already responded to it. If so, return the response code and response
@@ -211,6 +205,7 @@ class TransactionStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
         return ReceivedTransactionsTable.decode_results(txn.fetchall())
 
+    @cached()
     def get_destination_retry_timings(self, destination):
         """Gets the current retry timings (if any) for a given destination.
 
@@ -221,9 +216,6 @@ class TransactionStore(SQLBaseStore):
             None if not retrying
             Otherwise a DestinationsTable.EntryType for the retry scheme
         """
-        if destination in self.destination_retry_cache:
-            return defer.succeed(self.destination_retry_cache[destination])
-
         return self.runInteraction(
             "get_destination_retry_timings",
             self._get_destination_retry_timings, destination)
@@ -250,7 +242,9 @@ class TransactionStore(SQLBaseStore):
             retry_interval (int) - how long until next retry in ms
         """
 
-        self.destination_retry_cache[destination] = (
+        # As this is the new value, we might as well prefill the cache
+        self.get_destination_retry_timings.prefill(
+            destination,
             DestinationsTable.EntryType(
                 destination,
                 retry_last_ts,
diff --git a/synapse/util/lrucache.py b/synapse/util/lrucache.py
index a45c673d32..f115f50e50 100644
--- a/synapse/util/lrucache.py
+++ b/synapse/util/lrucache.py
@@ -88,11 +88,15 @@ class LruCache(object):
             else:
                 return default
 
+        def cache_len():
+            return len(cache)
+
         self.sentinel = object()
         self.get = cache_get
         self.set = cache_set
         self.setdefault = cache_set_default
         self.pop = cache_pop
+        self.len = cache_len
 
     def __getitem__(self, key):
         result = self.get(key, self.sentinel)
@@ -108,3 +112,6 @@ class LruCache(object):
         result = self.pop(key, self.sentinel)
         if result is self.sentinel:
             raise KeyError()
+
+    def __len__(self):
+        return self.len()
diff --git a/synapse/util/ratelimitutils.py b/synapse/util/ratelimitutils.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d4457af950
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/util/ratelimitutils.py
@@ -0,0 +1,216 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# Copyright 2015 OpenMarket Ltd
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+from twisted.internet import defer
+
+from synapse.api.errors import LimitExceededError
+
+from synapse.util.async import sleep
+
+import collections
+import contextlib
+import logging
+
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class FederationRateLimiter(object):
+    def __init__(self, clock, window_size, sleep_limit, sleep_msec,
+                 reject_limit, concurrent_requests):
+        """
+        Args:
+            clock (Clock)
+            window_size (int): The window size in milliseconds.
+            sleep_limit (int): The number of requests received in the last
+                `window_size` milliseconds before we artificially start
+                delaying processing of requests.
+            sleep_msec (int): The number of milliseconds to delay processing
+                of incoming requests by.
+            reject_limit (int): The maximum number of requests that are can be
+                queued for processing before we start rejecting requests with
+                a 429 Too Many Requests response.
+            concurrent_requests (int): The number of concurrent requests to
+                process.
+        """
+        self.clock = clock
+
+        self.window_size = window_size
+        self.sleep_limit = sleep_limit
+        self.sleep_msec = sleep_msec
+        self.reject_limit = reject_limit
+        self.concurrent_requests = concurrent_requests
+
+        self.ratelimiters = {}
+
+    def ratelimit(self, host):
+        """Used to ratelimit an incoming request from given host
+
+        Example usage:
+
+            with rate_limiter.ratelimit(origin) as wait_deferred:
+                yield wait_deferred
+                # Handle request ...
+
+        Args:
+            host (str): Origin of incoming request.
+
+        Returns:
+            _PerHostRatelimiter
+        """
+        return self.ratelimiters.setdefault(
+            host,
+            _PerHostRatelimiter(
+                clock=self.clock,
+                window_size=self.window_size,
+                sleep_limit=self.sleep_limit,
+                sleep_msec=self.sleep_msec,
+                reject_limit=self.reject_limit,
+                concurrent_requests=self.concurrent_requests,
+            )
+        ).ratelimit()
+
+
+class _PerHostRatelimiter(object):
+    def __init__(self, clock, window_size, sleep_limit, sleep_msec,
+                 reject_limit, concurrent_requests):
+        self.clock = clock
+
+        self.window_size = window_size
+        self.sleep_limit = sleep_limit
+        self.sleep_msec = sleep_msec
+        self.reject_limit = reject_limit
+        self.concurrent_requests = concurrent_requests
+
+        self.sleeping_requests = set()
+        self.ready_request_queue = collections.OrderedDict()
+        self.current_processing = set()
+        self.request_times = []
+
+    def is_empty(self):
+        time_now = self.clock.time_msec()
+        self.request_times[:] = [
+            r for r in self.request_times
+            if time_now - r < self.window_size
+        ]
+
+        return not (
+            self.ready_request_queue
+            or self.sleeping_requests
+            or self.current_processing
+            or self.request_times
+        )
+
+    @contextlib.contextmanager
+    def ratelimit(self):
+        # `contextlib.contextmanager` takes a generator and turns it into a
+        # context manager. The generator should only yield once with a value
+        # to be returned by manager.
+        # Exceptions will be reraised at the yield.
+
+        request_id = object()
+        ret = self._on_enter(request_id)
+        try:
+            yield ret
+        finally:
+            self._on_exit(request_id)
+
+    def _on_enter(self, request_id):
+        time_now = self.clock.time_msec()
+        self.request_times[:] = [
+            r for r in self.request_times
+            if time_now - r < self.window_size
+        ]
+
+        queue_size = len(self.ready_request_queue) + len(self.sleeping_requests)
+        if queue_size > self.reject_limit:
+            raise LimitExceededError(
+                retry_after_ms=int(
+                    self.window_size / self.sleep_limit
+                ),
+            )
+
+        self.request_times.append(time_now)
+
+        def queue_request():
+            if len(self.current_processing) > self.concurrent_requests:
+                logger.debug("Ratelimit [%s]: Queue req", id(request_id))
+                queue_defer = defer.Deferred()
+                self.ready_request_queue[request_id] = queue_defer
+                return queue_defer
+            else:
+                return defer.succeed(None)
+
+        logger.debug(
+            "Ratelimit [%s]: len(self.request_times)=%d",
+            id(request_id), len(self.request_times),
+        )
+
+        if len(self.request_times) > self.sleep_limit:
+            logger.debug(
+                "Ratelimit [%s]: sleeping req",
+                id(request_id),
+            )
+            ret_defer = sleep(self.sleep_msec/1000.0)
+
+            self.sleeping_requests.add(request_id)
+
+            def on_wait_finished(_):
+                logger.debug(
+                    "Ratelimit [%s]: Finished sleeping",
+                    id(request_id),
+                )
+                self.sleeping_requests.discard(request_id)
+                queue_defer = queue_request()
+                return queue_defer
+
+            ret_defer.addBoth(on_wait_finished)
+        else:
+            ret_defer = queue_request()
+
+        def on_start(r):
+            logger.debug(
+                "Ratelimit [%s]: Processing req",
+                id(request_id),
+            )
+            self.current_processing.add(request_id)
+            return r
+
+        def on_err(r):
+            self.current_processing.discard(request_id)
+            return r
+
+        def on_both(r):
+            # Ensure that we've properly cleaned up.
+            self.sleeping_requests.discard(request_id)
+            self.ready_request_queue.pop(request_id, None)
+            return r
+
+        ret_defer.addCallbacks(on_start, on_err)
+        ret_defer.addBoth(on_both)
+        return ret_defer
+
+    def _on_exit(self, request_id):
+        logger.debug(
+            "Ratelimit [%s]: Processed req",
+            id(request_id),
+        )
+        self.current_processing.discard(request_id)
+        try:
+            request_id, deferred = self.ready_request_queue.popitem()
+            self.current_processing.add(request_id)
+            deferred.callback(None)
+        except KeyError:
+            pass
diff --git a/tests/appservice/test_appservice.py b/tests/appservice/test_appservice.py
index d12e4f2644..eb7becf725 100644
--- a/tests/appservice/test_appservice.py
+++ b/tests/appservice/test_appservice.py
@@ -18,6 +18,13 @@ from mock import Mock, PropertyMock
 from tests import unittest
 
 
+def _regex(regex, exclusive=True):
+    return {
+        "regex": regex,
+        "exclusive": exclusive
+    }
+
+
 class ApplicationServiceTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def setUp(self):
@@ -36,21 +43,21 @@ class ApplicationServiceTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_regex_user_id_prefix_match(self):
         self.service.namespaces[ApplicationService.NS_USERS].append(
-            "@irc_.*"
+            _regex("@irc_.*")
         )
         self.event.sender = "@irc_foobar:matrix.org"
         self.assertTrue(self.service.is_interested(self.event))
 
     def test_regex_user_id_prefix_no_match(self):
         self.service.namespaces[ApplicationService.NS_USERS].append(
-            "@irc_.*"
+            _regex("@irc_.*")
         )
         self.event.sender = "@someone_else:matrix.org"
         self.assertFalse(self.service.is_interested(self.event))
 
     def test_regex_room_member_is_checked(self):
         self.service.namespaces[ApplicationService.NS_USERS].append(
-            "@irc_.*"
+            _regex("@irc_.*")
         )
         self.event.sender = "@someone_else:matrix.org"
         self.event.type = "m.room.member"
@@ -59,30 +66,78 @@ class ApplicationServiceTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_regex_room_id_match(self):
         self.service.namespaces[ApplicationService.NS_ROOMS].append(
-            "!some_prefix.*some_suffix:matrix.org"
+            _regex("!some_prefix.*some_suffix:matrix.org")
         )
         self.event.room_id = "!some_prefixs0m3th1nGsome_suffix:matrix.org"
         self.assertTrue(self.service.is_interested(self.event))
 
     def test_regex_room_id_no_match(self):
         self.service.namespaces[ApplicationService.NS_ROOMS].append(
-            "!some_prefix.*some_suffix:matrix.org"
+            _regex("!some_prefix.*some_suffix:matrix.org")
         )
         self.event.room_id = "!XqBunHwQIXUiqCaoxq:matrix.org"
         self.assertFalse(self.service.is_interested(self.event))
 
     def test_regex_alias_match(self):
         self.service.namespaces[ApplicationService.NS_ALIASES].append(
-            "#irc_.*:matrix.org"
+            _regex("#irc_.*:matrix.org")
         )
         self.assertTrue(self.service.is_interested(
             self.event,
             aliases_for_event=["#irc_foobar:matrix.org", "#athing:matrix.org"]
         ))
 
+    def test_non_exclusive_alias(self):
+        self.service.namespaces[ApplicationService.NS_ALIASES].append(
+            _regex("#irc_.*:matrix.org", exclusive=False)
+        )
+        self.assertFalse(self.service.is_exclusive_alias(
+            "#irc_foobar:matrix.org"
+        ))
+
+    def test_non_exclusive_room(self):
+        self.service.namespaces[ApplicationService.NS_ROOMS].append(
+            _regex("!irc_.*:matrix.org", exclusive=False)
+        )
+        self.assertFalse(self.service.is_exclusive_room(
+            "!irc_foobar:matrix.org"
+        ))
+
+    def test_non_exclusive_user(self):
+        self.service.namespaces[ApplicationService.NS_USERS].append(
+            _regex("@irc_.*:matrix.org", exclusive=False)
+        )
+        self.assertFalse(self.service.is_exclusive_user(
+            "@irc_foobar:matrix.org"
+        ))
+
+    def test_exclusive_alias(self):
+        self.service.namespaces[ApplicationService.NS_ALIASES].append(
+            _regex("#irc_.*:matrix.org", exclusive=True)
+        )
+        self.assertTrue(self.service.is_exclusive_alias(
+            "#irc_foobar:matrix.org"
+        ))
+
+    def test_exclusive_user(self):
+        self.service.namespaces[ApplicationService.NS_USERS].append(
+            _regex("@irc_.*:matrix.org", exclusive=True)
+        )
+        self.assertTrue(self.service.is_exclusive_user(
+            "@irc_foobar:matrix.org"
+        ))
+
+    def test_exclusive_room(self):
+        self.service.namespaces[ApplicationService.NS_ROOMS].append(
+            _regex("!irc_.*:matrix.org", exclusive=True)
+        )
+        self.assertTrue(self.service.is_exclusive_room(
+            "!irc_foobar:matrix.org"
+        ))
+
     def test_regex_alias_no_match(self):
         self.service.namespaces[ApplicationService.NS_ALIASES].append(
-            "#irc_.*:matrix.org"
+            _regex("#irc_.*:matrix.org")
         )
         self.assertFalse(self.service.is_interested(
             self.event,
@@ -91,10 +146,10 @@ class ApplicationServiceTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_regex_multiple_matches(self):
         self.service.namespaces[ApplicationService.NS_ALIASES].append(
-            "#irc_.*:matrix.org"
+            _regex("#irc_.*:matrix.org")
         )
         self.service.namespaces[ApplicationService.NS_USERS].append(
-            "@irc_.*"
+            _regex("@irc_.*")
         )
         self.event.sender = "@irc_foobar:matrix.org"
         self.assertTrue(self.service.is_interested(
@@ -104,10 +159,10 @@ class ApplicationServiceTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_restrict_to_rooms(self):
         self.service.namespaces[ApplicationService.NS_ROOMS].append(
-            "!flibble_.*:matrix.org"
+            _regex("!flibble_.*:matrix.org")
         )
         self.service.namespaces[ApplicationService.NS_USERS].append(
-            "@irc_.*"
+            _regex("@irc_.*")
         )
         self.event.sender = "@irc_foobar:matrix.org"
         self.event.room_id = "!wibblewoo:matrix.org"
@@ -118,10 +173,10 @@ class ApplicationServiceTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_restrict_to_aliases(self):
         self.service.namespaces[ApplicationService.NS_ALIASES].append(
-            "#xmpp_.*:matrix.org"
+            _regex("#xmpp_.*:matrix.org")
         )
         self.service.namespaces[ApplicationService.NS_USERS].append(
-            "@irc_.*"
+            _regex("@irc_.*")
         )
         self.event.sender = "@irc_foobar:matrix.org"
         self.assertFalse(self.service.is_interested(
@@ -132,10 +187,10 @@ class ApplicationServiceTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_restrict_to_senders(self):
         self.service.namespaces[ApplicationService.NS_ALIASES].append(
-            "#xmpp_.*:matrix.org"
+            _regex("#xmpp_.*:matrix.org")
         )
         self.service.namespaces[ApplicationService.NS_USERS].append(
-            "@irc_.*"
+            _regex("@irc_.*")
         )
         self.event.sender = "@xmpp_foobar:matrix.org"
         self.assertFalse(self.service.is_interested(
@@ -146,7 +201,7 @@ class ApplicationServiceTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_member_list_match(self):
         self.service.namespaces[ApplicationService.NS_USERS].append(
-            "@irc_.*"
+            _regex("@irc_.*")
         )
         join_list = [
             Mock(
diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_presence.py b/tests/handlers/test_presence.py
index d88a977be4..6ffc3c99cc 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_presence.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_presence.py
@@ -389,14 +389,18 @@ class PresenceInvitesTestCase(PresenceTestCase):
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def test_invite_remote(self):
+        # Use a different destination, otherwise retry logic might fail the
+        # request
+        u_rocket = UserID.from_string("@rocket:there")
+
         put_json = self.mock_http_client.put_json
         put_json.expect_call_and_return(
-            call("elsewhere",
+            call("there",
                 path="/_matrix/federation/v1/send/1000000/",
-                data=_expect_edu("elsewhere", "m.presence_invite",
+                data=_expect_edu("there", "m.presence_invite",
                     content={
                         "observer_user": "@apple:test",
-                        "observed_user": "@cabbage:elsewhere",
+                        "observed_user": "@rocket:there",
                     }
                 ),
                 json_data_callback=ANY,
@@ -405,10 +409,10 @@ class PresenceInvitesTestCase(PresenceTestCase):
         )
 
         yield self.handler.send_invite(
-                observer_user=self.u_apple, observed_user=self.u_cabbage)
+                observer_user=self.u_apple, observed_user=u_rocket)
 
         self.assertEquals(
-            [{"observed_user_id": "@cabbage:elsewhere", "accepted": 0}],
+            [{"observed_user_id": "@rocket:there", "accepted": 0}],
             (yield self.datastore.get_presence_list(self.u_apple.localpart))
         )
 
@@ -418,13 +422,18 @@ class PresenceInvitesTestCase(PresenceTestCase):
     def test_accept_remote(self):
         # TODO(paul): This test will likely break if/when real auth permissions
         # are added; for now the HS will always accept any invite
+
+        # Use a different destination, otherwise retry logic might fail the
+        # request
+        u_rocket = UserID.from_string("@rocket:moon")
+
         put_json = self.mock_http_client.put_json
         put_json.expect_call_and_return(
-            call("elsewhere",
+            call("moon",
                 path="/_matrix/federation/v1/send/1000000/",
-                data=_expect_edu("elsewhere", "m.presence_accept",
+                data=_expect_edu("moon", "m.presence_accept",
                     content={
-                        "observer_user": "@cabbage:elsewhere",
+                        "observer_user": "@rocket:moon",
                         "observed_user": "@apple:test",
                     }
                 ),
@@ -437,7 +446,7 @@ class PresenceInvitesTestCase(PresenceTestCase):
             "/_matrix/federation/v1/send/1000000/",
             _make_edu_json("elsewhere", "m.presence_invite",
                 content={
-                    "observer_user": "@cabbage:elsewhere",
+                    "observer_user": "@rocket:moon",
                     "observed_user": "@apple:test",
                 }
             )
@@ -446,7 +455,7 @@ class PresenceInvitesTestCase(PresenceTestCase):
         self.assertTrue(
             (yield self.datastore.is_presence_visible(
                 observed_localpart=self.u_apple.localpart,
-                observer_userid=self.u_cabbage.to_string(),
+                observer_userid=u_rocket.to_string(),
             ))
         )
 
@@ -454,13 +463,17 @@ class PresenceInvitesTestCase(PresenceTestCase):
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def test_invited_remote_nonexistant(self):
+        # Use a different destination, otherwise retry logic might fail the
+        # request
+        u_rocket = UserID.from_string("@rocket:sun")
+
         put_json = self.mock_http_client.put_json
         put_json.expect_call_and_return(
-            call("elsewhere",
+            call("sun",
                 path="/_matrix/federation/v1/send/1000000/",
-                data=_expect_edu("elsewhere", "m.presence_deny",
+                data=_expect_edu("sun", "m.presence_deny",
                     content={
-                        "observer_user": "@cabbage:elsewhere",
+                        "observer_user": "@rocket:sun",
                         "observed_user": "@durian:test",
                     }
                 ),
@@ -471,9 +484,9 @@ class PresenceInvitesTestCase(PresenceTestCase):
 
         yield self.mock_federation_resource.trigger("PUT",
             "/_matrix/federation/v1/send/1000000/",
-            _make_edu_json("elsewhere", "m.presence_invite",
+            _make_edu_json("sun", "m.presence_invite",
                 content={
-                    "observer_user": "@cabbage:elsewhere",
+                    "observer_user": "@rocket:sun",
                     "observed_user": "@durian:test",
                 }
             )
diff --git a/tests/rest/client/v1/test_events.py b/tests/rest/client/v1/test_events.py
index f36340121d..36b0f2ff6d 100644
--- a/tests/rest/client/v1/test_events.py
+++ b/tests/rest/client/v1/test_events.py
@@ -128,6 +128,7 @@ class EventStreamPermissionsTestCase(RestTestCase):
         self.ratelimiter = hs.get_ratelimiter()
         self.ratelimiter.send_message.return_value = (True, 0)
         hs.config.enable_registration_captcha = False
+        hs.config.disable_registration = False
 
         hs.get_handlers().federation_handler = Mock()
 
diff --git a/tests/rest/client/v1/test_presence.py b/tests/rest/client/v1/test_presence.py
index 7c5df5c116..5f2ef64efc 100644
--- a/tests/rest/client/v1/test_presence.py
+++ b/tests/rest/client/v1/test_presence.py
@@ -295,6 +295,9 @@ class PresenceEventStreamTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
         self.mock_datastore = hs.get_datastore()
         self.mock_datastore.get_app_service_by_token = Mock(return_value=None)
+        self.mock_datastore.get_app_service_by_user_id = Mock(
+            return_value=defer.succeed(None)
+        )
 
         def get_profile_displayname(user_id):
             return defer.succeed("Frank")
diff --git a/tests/storage/test__base.py b/tests/storage/test__base.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..55d22f665a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/storage/test__base.py
@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# Copyright 2015 OpenMarket Ltd
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+
+from tests import unittest
+from twisted.internet import defer
+
+from synapse.storage._base import cached
+
+
+class CacheDecoratorTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def test_passthrough(self):
+        @cached()
+        def func(self, key):
+            return key
+
+        self.assertEquals((yield func(self, "foo")), "foo")
+        self.assertEquals((yield func(self, "bar")), "bar")
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def test_hit(self):
+        callcount = [0]
+
+        @cached()
+        def func(self, key):
+            callcount[0] += 1
+            return key
+
+        yield func(self, "foo")
+
+        self.assertEquals(callcount[0], 1)
+
+        self.assertEquals((yield func(self, "foo")), "foo")
+        self.assertEquals(callcount[0], 1)
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def test_invalidate(self):
+        callcount = [0]
+
+        @cached()
+        def func(self, key):
+            callcount[0] += 1
+            return key
+
+        yield func(self, "foo")
+
+        self.assertEquals(callcount[0], 1)
+
+        func.invalidate("foo")
+
+        yield func(self, "foo")
+
+        self.assertEquals(callcount[0], 2)
+
+    def test_invalidate_missing(self):
+        @cached()
+        def func(self, key):
+            return key
+
+        func.invalidate("what")
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def test_max_entries(self):
+        callcount = [0]
+
+        @cached(max_entries=10)
+        def func(self, key):
+            callcount[0] += 1
+            return key
+
+        for k in range(0,12):
+            yield func(self, k)
+
+        self.assertEquals(callcount[0], 12)
+
+        # There must have been at least 2 evictions, meaning if we calculate
+        # all 12 values again, we must get called at least 2 more times
+        for k in range(0,12):
+            yield func(self, k)
+
+        self.assertTrue(callcount[0] >= 14,
+            msg="Expected callcount >= 14, got %d" % (callcount[0]))
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def test_prefill(self):
+        callcount = [0]
+
+        @cached()
+        def func(self, key):
+            callcount[0] += 1
+            return key
+
+        func.prefill("foo", 123)
+
+        self.assertEquals((yield func(self, "foo")), 123)
+        self.assertEquals(callcount[0], 0)
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_appservice.py b/tests/storage/test_appservice.py
index fc733d4c79..ca5b92ec85 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_appservice.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_appservice.py
@@ -50,9 +50,15 @@ class ApplicationServiceStoreTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_update_and_retrieval_of_service(self):
         url = "https://matrix.org/appservices/foobar"
         hs_token = "hstok"
-        user_regex = ["@foobar_.*:matrix.org"]
-        alias_regex = ["#foobar_.*:matrix.org"]
-        room_regex = []
+        user_regex = [
+            {"regex": "@foobar_.*:matrix.org", "exclusive": True}
+        ]
+        alias_regex = [
+            {"regex": "#foobar_.*:matrix.org", "exclusive": False}
+        ]
+        room_regex = [
+
+        ]
         service = ApplicationService(
             url=url, hs_token=hs_token, token=self.as_token, namespaces={
                 ApplicationService.NS_USERS: user_regex,
diff --git a/tests/utils.py b/tests/utils.py
index 110b9f86b8..81e82a80df 100644
--- a/tests/utils.py
+++ b/tests/utils.py
@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@ def setup_test_homeserver(name="test", datastore=None, config=None, **kargs):
         config = Mock()
         config.signing_key = [MockKey()]
         config.event_cache_size = 1
+        config.disable_registration = False
 
     if datastore is None:
         db_pool = SQLiteMemoryDbPool()