# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# Copyright 2014, 2015 OpenMarket Ltd
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
import logging
from synapse.api.errors import StoreError
from synapse.events import FrozenEvent
from synapse.events.utils import prune_event
from synapse.util.logutils import log_function
from synapse.util.logcontext import PreserveLoggingContext, LoggingContext
from synapse.util.lrucache import LruCache
import synapse.metrics
from twisted.internet import defer
from collections import namedtuple, OrderedDict
import simplejson as json
import sys
import time
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
sql_logger = logging.getLogger("synapse.storage.SQL")
transaction_logger = logging.getLogger("synapse.storage.txn")
metrics = synapse.metrics.get_metrics_for("synapse.storage")
sql_query_timer = metrics.register_distribution("query_time", labels=["verb"])
sql_txn_timer = metrics.register_distribution("transaction_time", labels=["desc"])
sql_getevents_timer = metrics.register_distribution("getEvents_time", labels=["desc"])
caches_by_name = {}
cache_counter = metrics.register_cache(
"cache",
lambda: {(name,): len(caches_by_name[name]) for name in caches_by_name.keys()},
labels=["name"],
)
# TODO(paul):
# * more generic key management
# * consider other eviction strategies - LRU?
def cached(max_entries=1000):
""" A method decorator that applies a memoizing cache around the function.
The function is presumed to take one additional argument, which is used as
the key for the cache. Cache hits are served directly from the cache;
misses use the function body to generate the value.
The wrapped function has an additional member, a callable called
"invalidate". This can be used to remove individual entries from the cache.
The wrapped function has another additional callable, called "prefill",
which can be used to insert values into the cache specifically, without
calling the calculation function.
"""
def wrap(orig):
cache = OrderedDict()
name = orig.__name__
caches_by_name[name] = cache
def prefill(key, value):
while len(cache) > max_entries:
cache.popitem(last=False)
cache[key] = value
@defer.inlineCallbacks
def wrapped(self, key):
if key in cache:
cache_counter.inc_hits(name)
defer.returnValue(cache[key])
cache_counter.inc_misses(name)
ret = yield orig(self, key)
prefill(key, ret)
defer.returnValue(ret)
def invalidate(key):
cache.pop(key, None)
wrapped.invalidate = invalidate
wrapped.prefill = prefill
return wrapped
return wrap
class LoggingTransaction(object):
"""An object that almost-transparently proxies for the 'txn' object
passed to the constructor. Adds logging and metrics to the .execute()
method."""
__slots__ = ["txn", "name"]
def __init__(self, txn, name):
object.__setattr__(self, "txn", txn)
object.__setattr__(self, "name", name)
def __getattr__(self, name):
return getattr(self.txn, name)
def __setattr__(self, name, value):
setattr(self.txn, name, value)
def execute(self, sql, *args, **kwargs):
# TODO(paul): Maybe use 'info' and 'debug' for values?
sql_logger.debug("[SQL] {%s} %s", self.name, sql)
try:
if args and args[0]:
values = args[0]
sql_logger.debug(
"[SQL values] {%s} " + ", ".join(("<%r>",) * len(values)),
self.name,
*values
)
except:
# Don't let logging failures stop SQL from working
pass
start = time.time() * 1000
try:
return self.txn.execute(
sql, *args, **kwargs
)
except:
logger.exception("[SQL FAIL] {%s}", self.name)
raise
finally:
msecs = (time.time() * 1000) - start
sql_logger.debug("[SQL time] {%s} %f", self.name, msecs)
sql_query_timer.inc_by(msecs, sql.split()[0])
class PerformanceCounters(object):
def __init__(self):
self.current_counters = {}
self.previous_counters = {}
def update(self, key, start_time, end_time=None):
if end_time is None:
end_time = time.time() * 1000
duration = end_time - start_time
count, cum_time = self.current_counters.get(key, (0, 0))
count += 1
cum_time += duration
self.current_counters[key] = (count, cum_time)
return end_time
def interval(self, interval_duration, limit=3):
counters = []
for name, (count, cum_time) in self.current_counters.items():
prev_count, prev_time = self.previous_counters.get(name, (0, 0))
counters.append((
(cum_time - prev_time) / interval_duration,
count - prev_count,
name
))
self.previous_counters = dict(self.current_counters)
counters.sort(reverse=True)
top_n_counters = ", ".join(
"%s(%d): %.3f%%" % (name, count, 100 * ratio)
for ratio, count, name in counters[:limit]
)
return top_n_counters
class SQLBaseStore(object):
_TXN_ID = 0
def __init__(self, hs):
self.hs = hs
self._db_pool = hs.get_db_pool()
self._clock = hs.get_clock()
self._previous_txn_total_time = 0
self._current_txn_total_time = 0
self._previous_loop_ts = 0
# TODO(paul): These can eventually be removed once the metrics code
# is running in mainline, and we have some nice monitoring frontends
# to watch it
self._txn_perf_counters = PerformanceCounters()
self._get_event_counters = PerformanceCounters()
self._get_event_cache = LruCache(hs.config.event_cache_size)
# Pretend the getEventCache is just another named cache
caches_by_name["*getEvent*"] = self._get_event_cache
def start_profiling(self):
self._previous_loop_ts = self._clock.time_msec()
def loop():
curr = self._current_txn_total_time
prev = self._previous_txn_total_time
self._previous_txn_total_time = curr
time_now = self._clock.time_msec()
time_then = self._previous_loop_ts
self._previous_loop_ts = time_now
ratio = (curr - prev)/(time_now - time_then)
top_three_counters = self._txn_perf_counters.interval(
time_now - time_then, limit=3
)
top_3_event_counters = self._get_event_counters.interval(
time_now - time_then, limit=3
)
logger.info(
"Total database time: %.3f%% {%s} {%s}",
ratio * 100, top_three_counters, top_3_event_counters
)
self._clock.looping_call(loop, 10000)
@defer.inlineCallbacks
def runInteraction(self, desc, func, *args, **kwargs):
"""Wraps the .runInteraction() method on the underlying db_pool."""
current_context = LoggingContext.current_context()
def inner_func(txn, *args, **kwargs):
with LoggingContext("runInteraction") as context:
current_context.copy_to(context)
start = time.time() * 1000
txn_id = self._TXN_ID
# We don't really need these to be unique, so lets stop it from
# growing really large.
self._TXN_ID = (self._TXN_ID + 1) % (sys.maxint - 1)
name = "%s-%x" % (desc, txn_id, )
transaction_logger.debug("[TXN START] {%s}", name)
try:
return func(LoggingTransaction(txn, name), *args, **kwargs)
except:
logger.exception("[TXN FAIL] {%s}", name)
raise
finally:
end = time.time() * 1000
duration = end - start
transaction_logger.debug("[TXN END] {%s} %f", name, duration)
self._current_txn_total_time += duration
self._txn_perf_counters.update(desc, start, end)
sql_txn_timer.inc_by(duration, desc)
with PreserveLoggingContext():
result = yield self._db_pool.runInteraction(
inner_func, *args, **kwargs
)
defer.returnValue(result)
def cursor_to_dict(self, cursor):
"""Converts a SQL cursor into an list of dicts.
Args:
cursor : The DBAPI cursor which has executed a query.
Returns:
A list of dicts where the key is the column header.
"""
col_headers = list(column[0] for column in cursor.description)
results = list(
dict(zip(col_headers, row)) for row in cursor.fetchall()
)
return results
def _execute(self, desc, decoder, query, *args):
"""Runs a single query for a result set.
Args:
decoder - The function which can resolve the cursor results to
something meaningful.
query - The query string to execute
*args - Query args.
Returns:
The result of decoder(results)
"""
def interaction(txn):
cursor = txn.execute(query, args)
if decoder:
return decoder(cursor)
else:
return cursor.fetchall()
return self.runInteraction(desc, interaction)
def _execute_and_decode(self, desc, query, *args):
return self._execute(desc, self.cursor_to_dict, query, *args)
# "Simple" SQL API methods that operate on a single table with no JOINs,
# no complex WHERE clauses, just a dict of values for columns.
def _simple_insert(self, table, values, or_replace=False, or_ignore=False):
"""Executes an INSERT query on the named table.
Args:
table : string giving the table name
values : dict of new column names and values for them
or_replace : bool; if True performs an INSERT OR REPLACE
"""
return self.runInteraction(
"_simple_insert",
self._simple_insert_txn, table, values, or_replace=or_replace,
or_ignore=or_ignore,
)
@log_function
def _simple_insert_txn(self, txn, table, values, or_replace=False,
or_ignore=False):
sql = "%s INTO %s (%s) VALUES(%s)" % (
("INSERT OR REPLACE" if or_replace else
"INSERT OR IGNORE" if or_ignore else "INSERT"),
table,
", ".join(k for k in values),
", ".join("?" for k in values)
)
logger.debug(
"[SQL] %s Args=%s",
sql, values.values(),
)
txn.execute(sql, values.values())
return txn.lastrowid
def _simple_upsert(self, table, keyvalues, values):
"""
Args:
table (str): The table to upsert into
keyvalues (dict): The unique key tables and their new values
values (dict): The nonunique columns and their new values
Returns: A deferred
"""
return self.runInteraction(
"_simple_upsert",
self._simple_upsert_txn, table, keyvalues, values
)
def _simple_upsert_txn(self, txn, table, keyvalues, values):
# Try to update
sql = "UPDATE %s SET %s WHERE %s" % (
table,
", ".join("%s = ?" % (k,) for k in values),
" AND ".join("%s = ?" % (k,) for k in keyvalues)
)
sqlargs = values.values() + keyvalues.values()
logger.debug(
"[SQL] %s Args=%s",
sql, sqlargs,
)
txn.execute(sql, sqlargs)
if txn.rowcount == 0:
# We didn't update and rows so insert a new one
allvalues = {}
allvalues.update(keyvalues)
allvalues.update(values)
sql = "INSERT INTO %s (%s) VALUES (%s)" % (
table,
", ".join(k for k in allvalues),
", ".join("?" for _ in allvalues)
)
logger.debug(
"[SQL] %s Args=%s",
sql, keyvalues.values(),
)
txn.execute(sql, allvalues.values())
def _simple_select_one(self, table, keyvalues, retcols,
allow_none=False):
"""Executes a SELECT query on the named table, which is expected to
return a single row, returning a single column from it.
Args:
table : string giving the table name
keyvalues : dict of column names and values to select the row with
retcols : list of strings giving the names of the columns to return
allow_none : If true, return None instead of failing if the SELECT
statement returns no rows
"""
return self._simple_selectupdate_one(
table, keyvalues, retcols=retcols, allow_none=allow_none
)
def _simple_select_one_onecol(self, table, keyvalues, retcol,
allow_none=False):
"""Executes a SELECT query on the named table, which is expected to
return a single row, returning a single column from it."
Args:
table : string giving the table name
keyvalues : dict of column names and values to select the row with
retcol : string giving the name of the column to return
"""
return self.runInteraction(
"_simple_select_one_onecol",
self._simple_select_one_onecol_txn,
table, keyvalues, retcol, allow_none=allow_none,
)
def _simple_select_one_onecol_txn(self, txn, table, keyvalues, retcol,
allow_none=False):
ret = self._simple_select_onecol_txn(
txn,
table=table,
keyvalues=keyvalues,
retcol=retcol,
)
if ret:
return ret[0]
else:
if allow_none:
return None
else:
raise StoreError(404, "No row found")
def _simple_select_onecol_txn(self, txn, table, keyvalues, retcol):
sql = (
"SELECT %(retcol)s FROM %(table)s WHERE %(where)s "
"ORDER BY rowid asc"
) % {
"retcol": retcol,
"table": table,
"where": " AND ".join("%s = ?" % k for k in keyvalues.keys()),
}
txn.execute(sql, keyvalues.values())
return [r[0] for r in txn.fetchall()]
def _simple_select_onecol(self, table, keyvalues, retcol):
"""Executes a SELECT query on the named table, which returns a list
comprising of the values of the named column from the selected rows.
Args:
table (str): table name
keyvalues (dict): column names and values to select the rows with
retcol (str): column whos value we wish to retrieve.
Returns:
Deferred: Results in a list
"""
return self.runInteraction(
"_simple_select_onecol",
self._simple_select_onecol_txn,
table, keyvalues, retcol
)
def _simple_select_list(self, table, keyvalues, retcols):
"""Executes a SELECT query on the named table, which may return zero or
more rows, returning the result as a list of dicts.
Args:
table : string giving the table name
keyvalues : dict of column names and values to select the rows with,
or None to not apply a WHERE clause.
retcols : list of strings giving the names of the columns to return
"""
return self.runInteraction(
"_simple_select_list",
self._simple_select_list_txn,
table, keyvalues, retcols
)
def _simple_select_list_txn(self, txn, table, keyvalues, retcols):
"""Executes a SELECT query on the named table, which may return zero or
more rows, returning the result as a list of dicts.
Args:
txn : Transaction object
table : string giving the table name
keyvalues : dict of column names and values to select the rows with
retcols : list of strings giving the names of the columns to return
"""
if keyvalues:
sql = "SELECT %s FROM %s WHERE %s ORDER BY rowid asc" % (
", ".join(retcols),
table,
" AND ".join("%s = ?" % (k, ) for k in keyvalues)
)
txn.execute(sql, keyvalues.values())
else:
sql = "SELECT %s FROM %s ORDER BY rowid asc" % (
", ".join(retcols),
table
)
txn.execute(sql)
return self.cursor_to_dict(txn)
def _simple_update_one(self, table, keyvalues, updatevalues,
retcols=None):
"""Executes an UPDATE query on the named table, setting new values for
columns in a row matching the key values.
Args:
table : string giving the table name
keyvalues : dict of column names and values to select the row with
updatevalues : dict giving column names and values to update
retcols : optional list of column names to return
If present, retcols gives a list of column names on which to perform
a SELECT statement *before* performing the UPDATE statement. The values
of these will be returned in a dict.
These are performed within the same transaction, allowing an atomic
get-and-set. This can be used to implement compare-and-set by putting
the update column in the 'keyvalues' dict as well.
"""
return self._simple_selectupdate_one(table, keyvalues, updatevalues,
retcols=retcols)
def _simple_selectupdate_one(self, table, keyvalues, updatevalues=None,
retcols=None, allow_none=False):
""" Combined SELECT then UPDATE."""
if retcols:
select_sql = "SELECT %s FROM %s WHERE %s ORDER BY rowid asc" % (
", ".join(retcols),
table,
" AND ".join("%s = ?" % (k) for k in keyvalues)
)
if updatevalues:
update_sql = "UPDATE %s SET %s WHERE %s" % (
table,
", ".join("%s = ?" % (k,) for k in updatevalues),
" AND ".join("%s = ?" % (k,) for k in keyvalues)
)
def func(txn):
ret = None
if retcols:
txn.execute(select_sql, keyvalues.values())
row = txn.fetchone()
if not row:
if allow_none:
return None
raise StoreError(404, "No row found")
if txn.rowcount > 1:
raise StoreError(500, "More than one row matched")
ret = dict(zip(retcols, row))
if updatevalues:
txn.execute(
update_sql,
updatevalues.values() + keyvalues.values()
)
if txn.rowcount == 0:
raise StoreError(404, "No row found")
if txn.rowcount > 1:
raise StoreError(500, "More than one row matched")
return ret
return self.runInteraction("_simple_selectupdate_one", func)
def _simple_delete_one(self, table, keyvalues):
"""Executes a DELETE query on the named table, expecting to delete a
single row.
Args:
table : string giving the table name
keyvalues : dict of column names and values to select the row with
"""
sql = "DELETE FROM %s WHERE %s" % (
table,
" AND ".join("%s = ?" % (k, ) for k in keyvalues)
)
def func(txn):
txn.execute(sql, keyvalues.values())
if txn.rowcount == 0:
raise StoreError(404, "No row found")
if txn.rowcount > 1:
raise StoreError(500, "more than one row matched")
return self.runInteraction("_simple_delete_one", func)
def _simple_delete(self, table, keyvalues):
"""Executes a DELETE query on the named table.
Args:
table : string giving the table name
keyvalues : dict of column names and values to select the row with
"""
return self.runInteraction("_simple_delete", self._simple_delete_txn)
def _simple_delete_txn(self, txn, table, keyvalues):
sql = "DELETE FROM %s WHERE %s" % (
table,
" AND ".join("%s = ?" % (k, ) for k in keyvalues)
)
return txn.execute(sql, keyvalues.values())
def _simple_max_id(self, table):
"""Executes a SELECT query on the named table, expecting to return the
max value for the column "id".
Args:
table : string giving the table name
"""
sql = "SELECT MAX(id) AS id FROM %s" % table
def func(txn):
txn.execute(sql)
max_id = self.cursor_to_dict(txn)[0]["id"]
if max_id is None:
return 0
return max_id
return self.runInteraction("_simple_max_id", func)
def _get_events(self, event_ids, check_redacted=True,
get_prev_content=False):
return self.runInteraction(
"_get_events", self._get_events_txn, event_ids,
check_redacted=check_redacted, get_prev_content=get_prev_content,
)
def _get_events_txn(self, txn, event_ids, check_redacted=True,
get_prev_content=False):
if not event_ids:
return []
events = [
self._get_event_txn(
txn, event_id,
check_redacted=check_redacted,
get_prev_content=get_prev_content
)
for event_id in event_ids
]
return [e for e in events if e]
def _get_event_txn(self, txn, event_id, check_redacted=True,
get_prev_content=False, allow_rejected=False):
start_time = time.time() * 1000
def update_counter(desc, last_time):
curr_time = self._get_event_counters.update(desc, last_time)
sql_getevents_timer.inc_by(curr_time - last_time, desc)
return curr_time
cache = self._get_event_cache.setdefault(event_id, {})
try:
# Separate cache entries for each way to invoke _get_event_txn
ret = cache[(check_redacted, get_prev_content, allow_rejected)]
cache_counter.inc_hits("*getEvent*")
return ret
except KeyError:
cache_counter.inc_misses("*getEvent*")
pass
finally:
start_time = update_counter("event_cache", start_time)
sql = (
"SELECT e.internal_metadata, e.json, r.event_id, rej.reason "
"FROM event_json as e "
"LEFT JOIN redactions as r ON e.event_id = r.redacts "
"LEFT JOIN rejections as rej on rej.event_id = e.event_id "
"WHERE e.event_id = ? "
"LIMIT 1 "
)
txn.execute(sql, (event_id,))
res = txn.fetchone()
if not res:
return None
internal_metadata, js, redacted, rejected_reason = res
start_time = update_counter("select_event", start_time)
if allow_rejected or not rejected_reason:
result = self._get_event_from_row_txn(
txn, internal_metadata, js, redacted,
check_redacted=check_redacted,
get_prev_content=get_prev_content,
)
cache[(check_redacted, get_prev_content, allow_rejected)] = result
return result
else:
return None
def _get_event_from_row_txn(self, txn, internal_metadata, js, redacted,
check_redacted=True, get_prev_content=False):
start_time = time.time() * 1000
def update_counter(desc, last_time):
curr_time = self._get_event_counters.update(desc, last_time)
sql_getevents_timer.inc_by(curr_time - last_time, desc)
return curr_time
d = json.loads(js)
start_time = update_counter("decode_json", start_time)
internal_metadata = json.loads(internal_metadata)
start_time = update_counter("decode_internal", start_time)
ev = FrozenEvent(d, internal_metadata_dict=internal_metadata)
start_time = update_counter("build_frozen_event", start_time)
if check_redacted and redacted:
ev = prune_event(ev)
ev.unsigned["redacted_by"] = redacted
# Get the redaction event.
because = self._get_event_txn(
txn,
redacted,
check_redacted=False
)
if because:
ev.unsigned["redacted_because"] = because
start_time = update_counter("redact_event", start_time)
if get_prev_content and "replaces_state" in ev.unsigned:
prev = self._get_event_txn(
txn,
ev.unsigned["replaces_state"],
get_prev_content=False,
)
if prev:
ev.unsigned["prev_content"] = prev.get_dict()["content"]
start_time = update_counter("get_prev_content", start_time)
return ev
def _parse_events(self, rows):
return self.runInteraction(
"_parse_events", self._parse_events_txn, rows
)
def _parse_events_txn(self, txn, rows):
event_ids = [r["event_id"] for r in rows]
return self._get_events_txn(txn, event_ids)
def _has_been_redacted_txn(self, txn, event):
sql = "SELECT event_id FROM redactions WHERE redacts = ?"
txn.execute(sql, (event.event_id,))
result = txn.fetchone()
return result[0] if result else None
class Table(object):
""" A base class used to store information about a particular table.
"""
table_name = None
""" str: The name of the table """
fields = None
""" list: The field names """
EntryType = None
""" Type: A tuple type used to decode the results """
_select_where_clause = "SELECT %s FROM %s WHERE %s"
_select_clause = "SELECT %s FROM %s"
_insert_clause = "INSERT OR REPLACE INTO %s (%s) VALUES (%s)"
@classmethod
def select_statement(cls, where_clause=None):
"""
Args:
where_clause (str): The WHERE clause to use.
Returns:
str: An SQL statement to select rows from the table with the given
WHERE clause.
"""
if where_clause:
return cls._select_where_clause % (
", ".join(cls.fields),
cls.table_name,
where_clause
)
else:
return cls._select_clause % (
", ".join(cls.fields),
cls.table_name,
)
@classmethod
def insert_statement(cls):
return cls._insert_clause % (
cls.table_name,
", ".join(cls.fields),
", ".join(["?"] * len(cls.fields)),
)
@classmethod
def decode_single_result(cls, results):
""" Given an iterable of tuples, return a single instance of
`EntryType` or None if the iterable is empty
Args:
results (list): The results list to convert to `EntryType`
Returns:
EntryType: An instance of `EntryType`
"""
results = list(results)
if results:
return cls.EntryType(*results[0])
else:
return None
@classmethod
def decode_results(cls, results):
""" Given an iterable of tuples, return a list of `EntryType`
Args:
results (list): The results list to convert to `EntryType`
Returns:
list: A list of `EntryType`
"""
return [cls.EntryType(*row) for row in results]
@classmethod
def get_fields_string(cls, prefix=None):
if prefix:
to_join = ("%s.%s" % (prefix, f) for f in cls.fields)
else:
to_join = cls.fields
return ", ".join(to_join)
class JoinHelper(object):
""" Used to help do joins on tables by looking at the tables' fields and
creating a list of unique fields to use with SELECTs and a namedtuple
to dump the results into.
Attributes:
tables (list): List of `Table` classes
EntryType (type)
"""
def __init__(self, *tables):
self.tables = tables
res = []
for table in self.tables:
res += [f for f in table.fields if f not in res]
self.EntryType = namedtuple("JoinHelperEntry", res)
def get_fields(self, **prefixes):
"""Get a string representing a list of fields for use in SELECT
statements with the given prefixes applied to each.
For example::
JoinHelper(PdusTable, StateTable).get_fields(
PdusTable="pdus",
StateTable="state"
)
"""
res = []
for field in self.EntryType._fields:
for table in self.tables:
if field in table.fields:
res.append("%s.%s" % (prefixes[table.__name__], field))
break
return ", ".join(res)
def decode_results(self, rows):
return [self.EntryType(*row) for row in rows]